demokrasi
description
Transcript of demokrasi
demokrasicatatan kuliah isu global
kontemporer
demokrasi
•ciri?•kelebihan?•kekurangan?•kapan perlu?•kapan tidak perlu?
ciri demokrasi
kelebihan demokrasi
kekurangan demokrasi
mengapa perlu demokrasi
kapan tidak perlu demokrasi
demokrasi?
• dari, oleh, untuk rakyat• siapa rakyat?
– semua orang– sebagian besar orang
(yang menjadi bagian kelompok mayoritas)
– sebagian orang (yang memiliki akses)
– sebagian kecil orang (di dalam atau dekat dengan lingkaran kekuasaan)
demokrasi a la David Held
• “a form of government in which, in contradistinction to monarchies and aristocracies, the people rule… (and it) entails a state in which there is some form of political equality among the people”
demokrasi a la David Held
• aid to decision-making process: means to legitimate the decisions of those voted into power
• popular power: a form of life in which citizens are engaged in self-government and self-regulation
demokrasi a la Iris Marion Young
• aggregative model: a competitive power-oriented process, fosters exclusion, results in weaker legitimacy
• deliberative model: a collective problem solving process, fosters inclusion, results in higher legitimacy
demokrasi a la Held, Dahl, Linz, Stephan, Huntington,
• procedural: focuses on whether or not ‘democratic mechanisms’ exist
• substantive: focuses on whether or not ‘democratic values’ are exercised and met
demokrasi a la Arend Lijphart
• majoritarian model: majority of the people
• consensus model: as many people as possible
demokrasi a la Giovanni Sartori
• absolute majority: a system of simple and pure majority rule
• limited majority: a system of majority rule limited by minority rights
demokrasi/demokratisasi
• mendorong kekerasan?• mendorong
perdamaian?
demokratisasi & kekerasan• Jack Snyder:
– predemocratic popular rivalries
– elite persuasion• Lee, Lindstrom, Moore, Turan:
– ties government’s hands, creates more space for popular uprising
– ready for mobilisation• Przeworski:
– weakness of the centre
demokratisasi & perdamaian• kebebasan, hak dasar, peaceful
coexistence• menghindari penumpukan
kekuasaan• memperluas arena power
struggle antarkelompok• pengaturan mekanistis
serba-serbi demokrasi• 550 konsep• philosopher king• dari, oleh, untuk rakyat• trias politica• check and balance• partisipasi publik• akuntabilitas, transparansi
serba-serbi demokrasi• jatuhnya diktator - extrication• waves (and reverses): 1828-
1926, 19943-1964, 1970-?• consolidation: 2 turn over-test• tyranny of majority• hukum besi oligarki• trust• civil liberty - culture of peace