D&D 3E - Guia Completo Para Drows

7/24/2019 D&D 3E - Guia Completo Para Drows

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Augn @fjpbmtf pnrn Crfws ;

@rçcgtfs Xmrsàf Frgagenb

Frgagenb? Sim @fjpbmtm Augcm tf CrfwMs`rgtfr? Omhhrmy ûgee@npn? Sgj KuranrcGetmrgfr? Krnc J`CmvgttMcgtfr? Ofsmpi AffcjneCmsgaemr Arîhg`f? Ofsmpi Affcjne

@rçcgtfs Xmrsàf Krnsgbmgrn

Srncuáàf? Afrg m Hmrràf[mvgsàf? HmrràfMcgáàf? Hmrràf

Eàf sm msqumán cm bmr f rmstf cn sçrgm@fjpbmtm Augcm mj www.affcjne- anjms.`fj

Knsmncf ens rmarns fhg`gngs cm C]EAMFEP &C[NAFEP `rgncns pfr Anry Aganx m CnvmNremsfe m en mcgáàf cf ofaf C]EAMFEP &C[NAFEP 0.= `rgncf pfr Ofentine Swmmt,Jfetm @ffl, Plgp Qgbbgnjs, [gìnrc Knlmr mTmtmr Nclgesfe.

Mstm prfcutf ç ujn fkrn cm hg`áàf. ûnbqumrsmjmbineán `fj pmssfns rmngs, franegznáýms,buanrms fu mvmetfs ç jmrn `fge`gcïe`gn.Mstm jntmrgnb ç npmens uj krgecm `fe`mkgcfpmbn `fjuegcncm Crnlðetgefs ‐ Mqugpm cmSrncuáàf, pfrtnetf eàf ç nutfrgzncn sun`fjmr`gnbgznáàf fu rmprfcuáàf gecmvgcn.

www.wgznrcs.`fj/cec

C[NLÐESGEFP [TA

www.crnlfetgefsrpa.kbfaspft.`fj/



Augn @fjpbmtf pnrn Crfws 0

ÊECG@M

Nentfjgn cfs Crfws. 43

Getrfcuáàf 4=

Frgames m Hgsgfbfagn 48

Mstruturn Pf`gnb 41

Tmrsfenames Crfw >3

@bnssms cm Trmstêagf ;4

Efvfs Snbmetfs 01

Mqugpnjmetfs pnrn Crfws 34

Jnagns Crfw 39

Efvns Jnagns =;

@njpneins 8>

Efvfs Jfestrfs 88

Bg`meán cm Ofaf Nkmrtf 13



Augn @fjpbmtf pnrn Crfws =

GES[FC]ÁÀF

F hmrfz m tmrrêvmb Crfw tïjnssfjkrncf n igstðrgn cfs mbhfs cmscm f geê`gf

cfs tmjpfs. Jugtns rnáns cn supmrhê`gm qum smnvmeturnj efs rmgefs suktmrrëemfs tïjme`fetrncf ujn rm`mpáàf ifstgb pfr mstmsmbhfs emarfs. Tfu`fs rmarmssnrnj äs tmrrnsgbujgencns pnrn `fetnr sfkrm f tmrrêvmb juecfcfs Crfws.

Mstm bgvrf fhmrm`m uj Augn @fjpbmtfpnrn fs Crfws. Nkrneam tucf f qum vf`ïprm`gsn pnrn utgbgzî-bfs mj sun `njpnein? nmstruturn sf`gnb, iîkgtfs `ubturngs, `fjkntm,mstrntçagns m cgrmtrgzms pnrn n `rgnáàf cmgecgvêcufs m hnjêbgns. Mstm bgvrf ç emutrf mjtmrjfs cm juecf, m ns gehfrjnáýmsme`fetrncns nqug pfcmj smr usncns mj

qunbqumr `njpnein. Xf`ï cmvm me`fetrnr

hn`gbgcncm pnrn nbtmrnr ns gehfrjnáýms pnrnntmecmr qunbqumr `njpnein qum vf`ï qumgrn

usnr. Mjkfrn mstm bgvrf nkrneon ujn arnecmqunetgcncm cm efvfs jntmrgngs cm knsmmspm`ghg`njmetm pnrn pmrsfenames Crfw, fsCrfws sàf gemrmetmjmetm hfrtms ef nr`nef mcmvftf en nrtm cgvgen.

En `npn jfstrn trïs Crfws inkgtnetmscfs snbýms cm ]ecmrcnrl? Krnbcn, n CrfwCrugcn usnecf ujn bneán< Hrntgn, f Crfwaumrrmgrf mjpueinecf uj abîcgf cupbf mEnbcn, `uons anrrns sàf `fjf n bëjgen cmujn mspncn. Jngfrms gehfrjnáýms sfkrm mstmsET@s pfcmj smr cms`fkmrtf ens prðxgjnspîagens.




F[GAMEP M HGPGFBFAGN

Ns aumrrns qum cgzgjnrnj ns enáýms

çbhg`ns m ntfrjmetnrnj suns trgkfs, hg`nrnj`feim`gcns `fjf ns Aumrrns cfs Tnrmetms.Curnetm mssns aumrrns, uj smbmtf arupf cmmbhfs nbpgefs `rms`mu mj pfcmr m `fjmánrnjn `netnr igefs n cmusms jnbçhg`fs `feim`gcfs.Kme'cf`gne mrn f efjm cmstn suk-rnán cm mbhf.Mbms mrnj nbtfs, hmrfzms m jugtf fraubifsfs.Mbms vgvgnj mj hnbçsgns m `festruênj suns`gcncms ef getmrgfr cns jfetneins. FsKme'cf`gnes pnssnrnj n smrmj ìnjncfs cmCrfuge, efjm çbhg`f pnrn "mbhfs msùrfs".

@fjf ns Aumrrns cfs Tnrmetmsprfarmcgrnj, m fs Crfuge `fjmánrnj nprfùrnr ngecn jngs pfr pfcmrms n pnrtgr cf

`nðtg`f huecf cf nkgsjf, fs smrms iujnefs mfs neýms sm nbgnrnj nfs futrfs mbhfs pnrnmxtmrjgenr mstm fcgncf gegjgaf. Ns hfrtnbmznsCrfuge hfrnj cmshmgtns pmbn pfcmrfsn hfrán`fjkgencn cm mxçr`gtfs Iujnefs, Neýms mMbhfs qum pmrsmaugrnj f gjpgmcfsf Crfw,`fjf bims ìnjfu f ifjmj, cmscm nsjfetneins.

Ä jmcgcn qum fs nefs mstg`nrnj mjcç`ncns, fs Crfws kus`nrnj uj buanr pnrnìnjnr cm bnr. Hfrnj metàf cgvgcgcfs mj trïsenáýms. Cuns cmssns enáýms hfrnjnssmetncns ens smbvns trfpg`ngs m cmsmrtfsîrgcfs. Mbms vfbtnrnj nf smu netgaf jfcf cm

vgcn eójncm `fjf smus netmpnssncfs. Mbmsngecn vgvmj efs suktmrrëemfs, `fj fbifsrfxfs m `nkmbfs prntmncfs `fjf smuspnrmetms, jns tnjkçj pnssnrnj ä fkmcm`mrsmus efvfs njkgmetms `fj futrns jucneánssutgs.

Fs Kme'cf`gnes qum sm jucnrnj pnrnn smbvn `fjmánrnj n mxgkgr pmbm cm `fr vmrcm.Ns suns frmbins nbfeancns hfrnj nujmetnecfntç qunsm cupbg`nr f smu tnjneif frgagenb.Mbms cms`fkrgrnj qum fs smus tnbmetfs pnrnjnagn nr`nen mstnvnj `fjmánecf n jucnrpnrn uj nspm`tf jngs enturnb. Mbms ngecnnpmbnj pnrn fs cmusms jnbçhg`fs pfrfrgmetnáàf m npfgf, jns npmens nbauescmssms pfcmrms sàf rmspfecgcfs. N sun hfránnujmetfu, jmsjf qum smus eÿjmrfs`fjmánssmj n cgjgeugr `fj fs `festnetmsntnqums cm cgefssnurfs m futrfs mbhfs. Bfaf nÿbtgjn bgeinamj cfs vmrcncmgrfs mbhfsKme'cf`gne jfrrmu, cmgxnecf uj bmancfmsqum`gcf m snetuîrgfs iî jugtf metmrrncfsens jngs geðspgtns smbvns cf juecf.

Fs Kme'cf`gnes qum sm jucnrnj pnrn

f cmsmrtf tfjnrnj f efjm cm Crfuge, `fjfrm`frcnáàf cf qum smus prgjfs tgeinj hmgtfpnrn mbms. @fjf mbms vgvmj efs cmsmrtfs, sun`fbfrnáàf msùrm`gcn pnssfu pnrn tfes cm`nrnjmbf m rg`fs tfes `nstneifs. Ns amrnáýmsqum vgmrnj tgvmrnj suns pmrens m smus`frnáýms mecurm`gcfs pfr `nusn cm tfcn nnrmgn cns cuens. Sfrenrnj-sm knecgcfseójncms, tmjgcfs pfr tfcfs nqumbms qum`ruznrnj smu `njgeif. Jns suns vgcns eàftmrjgenrnj mj cmrrnjnjmetf cm sneaum. Mjvmz cgssf, mbms hfrnj `rgncfs ntrnvçs cnjgsturn `fesneaòêemn cm ifjmes qum jugtnsvmzms ìnjnj f cmsmrtf cm bnr. Gstf sm tfrefu

n rngz cns trgkfs kmcuêens qum inkgtnj fscmsmrtfs pfr mstms cgns.Hfg f tmr`mgrf arupf, qum rmùfu pnrn

fs snbýms m `nvmrens prfhuecns sfk nsupmrhê`gm cn tmrrn qum nafrn ç ìnjncfCrfw. Mstm arupf mrn bgcmrncf pfr hfrtmsaumrrmgrns `bçrgans qum invgnj huagcf cfamef`êcgf cns hfrtnbmzns mj sun jfetnein.Pfk sun bgcmrneán, fs Crfws pnssnrnj n vgvmrefs jngs prfhuecfs `frrmcfrms cm ]ecmrcnrl,fecm ntç jmsjf fs neýms tmjgnj gr.

Cmpfgs cm nbaujns amrnáýms cmtrnknbif îrcuf m pmbn kïeáàf cm cmusmsjnbçhg`fs, fs Crfws hfronrnj-sm mj ujn

sf`gmcncm knsmncn mj tfref cf ðcgf mvgeaneán qum smetgnj mj smus `frnáýms`fetrn smus prgjfs cn supmrhê`gm. @fj mstmðcgf m n rm`çj cms`fkmrtn cmvfáàf nfs smuscmusms, vgmrnj jucneáns hêsg`ns. N prgjmgrnhfg n sun pmbm msùrn. Nf `fetrîrgf cf pncràfnssujgcf, emj tfcfs fs Crfws sàf cm `frmsùrn. Nbaues `fjmánj n nssujgr uj pîbgcfrmhbmxf cm buz ntrnvçs cn pmbm. Gstf hnz `fjqum pnrmánj tmr uj `gezmetf jugtf msùrf.

Cmvgcf nf smu njkgmetm, ujnmspmssn `nkmbmgrn krne`n m fbifs vmrjmbifskrgbinetms sukstgtuêrnj f netgaf `nkmbf prntn mfs fbifs nzugs. N sun nbtn mstnturn hfgsukstgtuêcn pfr ujn jçcgn. Pmus `frpfs sàfùrtfs m jusùbfsfs. Pmus cmcfs sàf bfeafsm tïj uj pnr ncg`gfenb cm hnbneams pnrnjmbifrnr sun bgeaunamj cm sgengs.

N pnrtgr cns `gezns cn aumrrn, n vgcnpnssfu n smr ujn `frrgcn cm ifrrfr m cmrmsgstïe`gn. Kmj-vgecf n vgcn sm`rmtn cfsCrfws.




MPS[]S][N PF@GNB

Hnjêbgns

Hnjêbgn ç tàf gjpfrtnetm pnrn f Crfw`fjf ç pnrn fs neýms m pnrn smus prgjfsmbhfs cn supmrhê`gm. Ns hnjêbgns Crfw sàfafvmrencns pmbn jntrgnr`n cn `nsn. Mbn ç f`metrf cn hnjêbgn rmbgagfsn m cf mstgbf cm vgcntîtg`f.

En smqòïe`gn, f pfcmr hnjgbgnr ç cnhgbin jngs vmbin, ujn `bçrgan. ]j cgn mstn hgbinjngs vmbin grî nssujgr f `fetrfbm cn hnjêbgn,npðs n ntunb jntrgnr`n jfrrmr tnetf pfr vmbig`mfu pfr getrgans. N jngfr pnrtm cns vmzms, mstnsgetrgans sàf geg`gncns pmbn hgbin jngs vmbin,qum prfùrn anrnetgr smu buanr `fjf njntrgnr`n cn efvn hnjêbgn.

F pfcmr cm ujn hnjêbgn ç nvnbgncf eàfsð pmbn hfrjn `fjf jugtfs jmjkrfskntnbinj, jns tnjkçj pmbf eÿjmrf cm hgçgssmaugcfrms cfs cmusms Crfw. Pm ujn hnjêbgncmrrftn futrn ef `njpf cm kntnbin, n prgjmgrnhnjêbgn efrjnbjmetm rmecm suns `bçrgans msn`mrcftms pnrn f vme`mcfr. Gstf tfren nhnjêbgn vme`mcfrn jngs prðxgjn cfs cmusmsCrfw m aneinj ngecn jngs nbgncfs.

Fs futrfs jmjkrfs cm ujn hnjêbgnCrfw, `fjf jnafs m aumrrmgrfs, tnjkçj sàfnbtnjmetm vnbfrgzncfs. ]j jnaf qum tmeinuj kfj cmsmjpmeif mj efjm cn hnjêbgn,

jugtns vmzms `fesmaum ujn bgkmrcncm pmssfnbjngfr pnrn mxmr`mr suns prðprgns jmtns.

Aumrrmgrfs qum nprmsmetnj ujn nptgcàfenturnb pnrn cmrrftnr uj gegjgaf m jnetmrgetn`tn n smaurneán getmren cn hnjêbgn, pfcmmvmetunbjmetm aneinr f rmspmgtf m f hnvfr cnsjubimrms cn `nsn.

Fs Crfws jnsùbgefs eàf sàfcgspmesîvmgs, jns sàf vgstfs `fjf pfu`fjngs qum ms`rnvfs. Sfcns ns hnjêbgns tmetnjjnetmr uj eÿjmrf cm ifjmes ef jêegj,f m`nsf inon vîrgfs ens`gjmetfs cm jnìfs, çvgstf `fjf uj sgenb cm cfmeán nfs fbifs cfscmusms Crfw.

Efjms Crfw

Crfws pfssumj cmefjgenáýmsmxðtg`ns m cgstgetns. Mstms efjms rmjfetnj nujn çpf`n mj qum f gcgfjn çbhg`f ngecn mrnrucgjmetnr. Fs efjms ens tnkmbns smaugetmssàf fs jngs `fjues pnrn jnìfs m hïjmns.

Npmbgcfs tnjkçj sàf trnzgcfs cmscmcgns netgafs. @ncn hnjêbgn tmj smu efjm msêjkfbf cn `nsn cgstgetfs. Efrjnbjmetm fmxçr`gtf cn `nsn usn mssns `rmcme`gngs pnrnqum fs jfrtfs pfssnj smr smpnrncfs. Fquncrf smaugetm pfssug ujn bgstn ùrtn cfsjgbinrms cm efjms cns hnjêbgns Crfw.

Efjms @fjues pnrn Crfw Hmjgegef

IfbcgrgbMb`nEðjgfeMrtîrgìEðrneMbcnrgequìEmr`nrgmeNbcm`nrMbðemtgbXneaðrìGtmbjgbWnburnewìNgembuecÿynNeafeegb

Bgeynrfe]rnetgreìHgrnjfMjmbcurHìnbu`gb[ueagrfewìBðjgfeGbbgecìÊrmjfSmbpnbgeNeyfeBnurfssgbSyîjfGtmrmeyn

BgrrnjfJgrtgsfbjfSmstgbÿjì@nbnstgegecìMãrnbgstîjfXneynJnecgbMãrîjìJîrgfeJmbmrnssìNryfrgbFgfjfewìNegrmbNgefecì

FecmegreìBnecfsnrNremrgfeûmregb@grcgbSîbmjfMbcnecgrgbGbbgrêvìEÿbgfeNrtmembGtnenreìMrgmeEnurmecìMjkn

@nrtmrgbNecnbgeEmecìHìnrnecgb@nrnitîjfSymbjgewìHnrcnegrynSmrymecurNrfbgrmbJfe`gbNjknrtf@urmeemeEmrn`gbjfNr`îjgfe

MbmssgbEfrqumbgìFrjneynFgfbfssìGequìGbnssnbjfIynrhgbjmeHgrmitgb[nu`fHneyfeXnrnbÿrìEfefecgb@gecgbMbftmenr




Efjms @fjues pnrn Crfw Jns`ubgef

Nrmrtifre

NrgenraKrncrgjHnsnrjnemAbnlAbuargtiGefrjnemGrnearulLnearfreBurfrjnecFeanenraPnrjuePfcrgbSinrtinlSffegb

]argrtigmb

@frnra

CrnrtimfeLujnrnraJnarnlJgauxfrFevgegbFrurtinraPnrjfaPgrnbcrfreSnrfearnemSinrargjSigrjncSfrul]arnrjnemXfrnra

_nsfrtinem

Kfrjul

@nrfearulHnrnearnraArffeInrlueGarntiGbnrmfeBfafrnlFtifefrePnrtiueSigmbnlSifrgearnecSifrfargb]afrtifre]arfarffe

]janrc

Ntinegb

CrffeAgrjfreArfrjmfeIucrntiLgefrnraBfrjnecJnraFkfenraFrgearnraSnsnrtinemSinrgrnlSifrfearnemSfrfcrnemSfrfrjfa

]rfrgj

Nevnrtinec

Krgmb@ninarnemHnbfrjncHnearnecInbnearnraGtifenraLnruarfreJgeantiFcrnraSnrjueSineanrcSigrtincSifrfargeSiubnl

Xfrlfr

Kfanrtinl

CrgrffeAnencrnemAbncrnemAbnrtifre AbgrfreIntrmsiGjafrtigjGrnemfeBfrfrnemJnrmfeFrtifrePigrfrePgrfrtigjSifrfrnra

Xnbcrfre

Efjms cns Hnjêbgns Crfw

NaneuznrNblntiëeNtiubbóegNzrgjgecnrKntëeKnznrKmbbneueëtiKmbuegcëeKmeëti

GjrnzårEnzgjrëlEgcnegtëeEgbknznrëeEgjgrSnrëe-Agrëe_neëti_mecneëti

NjgeåbüNjubzgkïtiNrëeNvrnjåeAgjårëeAgjrgzëeAgeëtiAgrneëtiEgegrnzëe

EgznrTinblujëeTinzårWóeërgl_nrcüe_menb_menbkneëti_ganr

NkïrëjnNkïtiëegNkrgenbNblnjëeNjbüNpineuzårNtiëeËtigKmbtiurëe

AgrëeAgrgeëtiGcëeGjrgtiórJgeubeëtiWóznr_gagrjåe_gjrëe

NjrïNvnbkneëtiNvrnzëeKnrzåAgenbGjëeGjrëLnznrJgeëti

JurulSëjnrSëenbSnrgl_geëti_gegttnrue_grue_órå

NkërNknzrëknbNkrnzëeNkrgzneëtiNanjnrëeNvnbïNzëeKneuznjëeAgjrgenb

GbïtiGjrgzaëeGezgbïtiGzrujëeEëtm]rlnzår_gknrëe

NaëeëtmNblnjnrNjnbkërglNjgttiórusiNrjåNzrncåKnrglAgjnbzganrAgjbneueëti

GzrgcnsJgenbbïtiSërul-KmeëtiWnecëe_naëe_gaëe_gjgbbïti




Pn`mrcftms m @bçrgans

Tnrn f Crfw, ujn `bçrgan eàf ç npmens n sun bêcmr rmbgagfsn, jns n mspgein cfrsnb cn sun

îrcun sf`gmcncm. Ns `bçrgans Crfw cmtïj ujn pnrtm cn sf`gmcncm ntrnvçs cf ùbtf n ujn sçrgm cmcmusms.

Neanrc

F cmus Crfw cn jnagn, Neanrc, ç emutrf. Mbm ç `feim`gcf`fjf f Xgcn Mtmren, Pmeifr cf Tfcmr, kmj `fjf n Pîkgf cns Srmvns.Neanrc pfu`f sm gjpfrtn `fj smus smaugcfrms m sun pngxàf ç pmbfpfcmr jîag`f. Mbm eàf sm prmfùpn `fj f jfcf cfs futrfs cmusmsCrfw prfssmaugrmj fs smus prðprgfs fkomtgvfs. Pmu sêjkfbf ç f cmcuns jàfs nkmrtns sm tf`necf en pfetn cfs cmcfs gecg`ncfrms mpfbmanrms, hfrjnecf uj trgëeaubf, `fj uj fbif mj ìnjns ef `metrf.Efrjnbjmetm Crfws hmgtg`mgrfs m jnafs f ncfrnj. Fs cfjêegfs mj

qum mbm mstî nssf`gncf sàf Jnb, @feim`gjmetf m Jnagn. N ncnan ç sun nrjn prmhmrgcn.@bçrgafs cm Neanrc sàf efrjnbjmetm ifjmes Crfw. Mbms sàf vg`gncfs mj utgbgznr hmgtgáfs cm

arnecms cnefs m nprmsmetnj tnbmetf pnrn jnagns cm @fevf`náàf. Ens arnecms kntnbins, `bçrgafs cmNeanrc jnetïj f `fetrfbm sfkrm Afbmes cm Tmcrns m Afbmes Nrnein (vmr Npïecg`m >? EfvfsJfestrfs, pnrn jngs gehfrjnáýms sfkrm mssms `festru`tfs). Fs `bçrgafs cm Neanrc efrjnbjmetm eàfhg`nj hgsg`njmetm ef `njpf cm kntnbin, mjkfrn pfssnj cmhmecmr-sm jugtf kmj.

Knraÿb

Knraÿb ç ujn gcfbntrncn imrfêen Crfw qum bgcmrfu n jngfrgncm sun rnán ens metrneins cn tmrrn, jugtfs jgbïegfs ntrîs, curnetmns tmrrêvmgs ‒Aumrrns cfs Tnrmetms‚. Mbn ç bmnb m ç ìnjncn cmPnkrm cn Msùrgcàf, Bêcmr cfs mxçr`gtfs cm Sifrrge, m CmusnImrfêen Crfw.

Knraÿb hfg n prgjmgrn Crfw n rmspfecmr f ìnjncf cmSfrfrtiue, m hfg rm`fjpmesncn pmbn [ngein Nrnein. Knraÿb nafrnsmrvm `fjf Cmusn Crfw cn jfrtm m cfs jfrtfs-vgvfs. @bçrgans qum

n ncfrnj tïj n`mssf nfs cfjêegfs cn Jfrtm, Crfw m _ujkgs. Pun nrjn hnvfrgtn ç qungsqumr tgpf cmmspncn.

Iî jugtf pfu`ns `bçrgans pnrn mstn netgan imrfêen Crfw. Ns `bçrgans qum eàf sàf cmvftns`fstujnj sm `nsnr `fj aumrrmgrfs Crfw. En kntnbin, `bçrgans pfcmj smr me`fetrncns en hrmetm cnshgbmgrns, cgbn`mrnecf f gegjgaf. Mbns tnjkçj rmnegjnj fs jfrtfs ef `njpf cm kntnbin m mevgnjmssns trfpns cm zujkgs m msqumbmtfs `fetrn fs smus gegjgafs. N ÿeg`n vmz qum ujn `bçrgan cm Knraÿbeàf vng ncmrgr n ujn kntnbin ç `fetrn futrfs Crfws. Cm n`frcf `fj fs smus `fe`mgtfs, `bçrgans cmKnraÿb me`fetrnràf f Crfw npðs n jfrtm m, pfr gssf, eàf pfcmj jntnr futrf Crfw n sneaum hrgf. Efmetnetf, gssf eàf bgjgtn n sun `npn`gcncm cm bmvnetnr fu rmnegjnr fs jfrtfs ef `njpf cm kntnbinpnrn f smu bncf.

@frgti

Mstn tmrrêvmb cgvgecncm Crfw ç `feim`gcn `fjf n jmbifr Trge`msnNrnein cf `nfs m jnb. Mbn eàf ç n`mgtn en jngfr pnrtm cns rmagýmsprfhuecns qum fs Crfws ìnjnj cm bnr. Oî qum mbn eàf mstî nssf`gncn`fj ns prfhuecmzns, Crfws Crugcns m rneamrs jnbçhg`fs n vmemrnj. Fscfjêegfs qum mbn mstî nssf`gncn sàf @nfs, Smrrn m Nrnein. @frgti çsgjkfbgzncn pfr ujn nrnein sngecf cm cmetrf cm ujn rfìn cgvgcgcn. Nncnan ç sun nrjn prmhmrgcn.



Augn @fjpbmtf pnrn Crfws >4

Anjnli

Anjnli ç f cmus Crfw cn tgrnegn m cn aumrrn. Pmus têtubfs ge`bumjAmemrnb Emarf, Jfrtm n Xgstn m Oustg`mgrf Emarf. Anjnli pnrm`m smr uj

jmgf-Crfw/jmgf-nrnein-`metnurf - `fjf ujn `rgnturn `fj fgtf pmrens mquntrf krnáfs. @ncn uj cm smus krnáfs cmtçj ujn nrjn, m smu rfstf çpnr`gnbjmetm `fkmrtf pfr ujn jîs`nrn cm ncnjnetguj qum `frrm pnrnkngxf cf bncf msqumrcf cf smu rfstf. Pmu sêjkfbf ç ujn nrnein, qumsmaurn ujn mspncn bfean m uj jnìncf ef hgenb cns suns fgtf pmrens.@fjnecnetms, sfbcncfs m aunrcns Crfw ìnjnj Anjnli cm png m mbm çrmvmrme`gncf n`gjn cm tfcfs fs futrfs. Pmus cfjêegfs sàf @fjkntm,Cmstrugáàf, Hfrán m Aumrrn. Mspncn bfean m jnìncf sàf suns nrjnshnvfrgtns.

N [ngein Nrnein

N [ngein Nrnein ç n cmusn `nðtg`n pncrfmgrn cfs Crfws. Nbauescgzmj qum mbn ç bfu`n m rmsgcm ef nkgsjf mj sun arnecm tmgn cmjfeên`nmspmrnecf ns gehmbgzms nbjns cfs Crfws pnrn f smu oubanjmetf hgenb.F`nsgfenbjmetm mbn m Sfrfrtiue sàf `fehuecgcns `fjf smecf n jmsjncmusn mj cghmrmetms hfrjns. Cgzmj qum n [ngein Nrnein hfg `rgncn n pnrtgrcm uj Crfw qum sfhrmu hmrgjmetfs curnetm n butn metrm fs mbhfs ens Aumrrnscfs Tnrmetms. Mbn pfcm bneánr ujn tmrrêvmb jnbcgáàf sfkrm f Crfw ùon hçfs`gbn metrm ns cgvgecncms. @bçrgafs Crfw cn [ngein Nrnein tïj n`mssf nfscfjêegfs Crfw, Xmemefs m Nrnein. N sun nrjn prmhmrgcn ç f ìg`ftm.

Sfrfrtiue

ûnecf ns @bçrgans Crfw ìmanj ntç fs bgjgtms cn `nvmren cmsuns netgans `nsns suktmrrëemns, ç n arnecm rngein Sfrfrtiue qum ìmanpnrn noucî-bns n ms`fbimr smus smaugcfrms. Mbn ç ìnjncn cm TmcrnNrnein, Fgtf Tmrens cf Juecf, fu ngecn, cm [ngein cfs @fecmencfs.Nbaues cgzmj qum Sfrfrtiue ç n hfrjn vmrcncmgrn cn [ngein Nrnein,qunecf mstn eàf mstî smetncn mj sun arnecm tmgn cm trngáýms ef nkgsjf.Sfrfrtiue ç prftmtfrn cfs nrtmsàfs m cm qunbqumr futrf Crfw qum vgvn efgetmrgfr cn tmrrn. @bçrgans Crfw cm Sfrfrtiue tmràf n`mssf nfs smaugetmscfjêegfs? Smrrn, Xmemefs m Nrnein. Puns nrjns prmhmrgcns sàf mspncn

bfean m kmstn.



Augn @fjpbmtf pnrn Crfws >>

@gcncms Crfw

Ns `gcncms cfs Crfws sàf arnecms mgjprmssgfenetms. Mstnbn`tgtms m mstnbnajgtms

sàf njkns utgbgzncns mj `feouetf pnrnjnxgjgznr f mspnáf mj qum vgvmj ens`nvmrens cm ]ecmrcnrl. Ns `gcncms sàfefrjnbjmetm cgvgcgcns mj qunrtfs fecm mbmssmpnrnj ns cghmrmetms `bnssms cm inkgtnetms.

Efrjnbjmetm, ujn `nsn cm pfcmrsgaeghg`ntgvf vng fùpnr jngs cm ujn smáàf cn`gcncm, ùons ‒runs smj bmg‚ rmamj n hfrjn cmujn sf`gmcncm smj jfrnb. Gstf `rgn n gbusàfcm smaurneán, ens msùrns m ntmrrncfrns runscn `gcncm. Tueings m mspncns sàf `fjuesjmsjf metrm ms`rnvfs m vgsgtnetms cm ujnfutrn `gcncm Crfw, pfgs ns runs sàf pfu`fsmaurns, jmsjf qum hgs`nbgzncns pmbnspntrubins Crfw (en jngfrgn cns vmzms sàfmssns jmsjns pntrubins qum cmvmj smrcmhmecgcns).

Ns runs cmvmj sun bmnbcncm ns`bçrgans cfs tmjpbfs m ns jntrgnr`ns cns`nsns jngs pfcmrfsns en `gcncm, jns fsefkrms rmemancfs m ns augbcns cm bncgefs qumsmjprm smaumj n `frrupáàf m meanenj mbmsprðprgfs. ]j Crfw bncgef eàf ç efrjnbjmetmme`fetrncf ens `nsns, mj vmz cgssf, mbm çcmgxncf ens runs cn `gcncm pnrn sm nutf-cmhmecmr. Nqumbms qum sfkrmvgvmj pfr jngscm uj nef, sàf me`fetrncfs pfr suns hnjêbgns,trmgencfs ens nrtms nr`nens, m rmtfrenj nfsbuanrms cm pfcmr cmetrf cn hnjêbgn,efrjnbjmetm, ̀ fjf nssnssgefs.

Fs ofvmes cm rnáns iujnens, m ntçjmsjf aefjfs, bmvnrgnj sçùbfs pnrn`fjmánr n `fjprmmecmr n `rgnáàf cm ujn`gcncm Crfw. Fs bgjgtms cm`frrmj cm rfìnsms`nrpncns m mstàf tfcns cm`frncns,msùbpgcns, m jnag`njmetm trneshfrjncns mjujn vmrcncmgrn rmhbmxàf `feturkncn cn sunimrneán çbhg`n. Mstns ‒fkrns cm nrtm‚ jfstrnj`fjf n jmetm Crfw sm tfrefu pmrturkncn.

@fjçr`gf `fj futrns [náns

Mjkfrn fs Crfws efrjnbjmetm smonjntn`ncfs nssgj qum nvgstncfs, futrns rnáns

cf ]ecmrcnrl snÿcnj fs `fjmr`gnetms Crfwsmj suns `gcncms. Jmsjf fs fkstgencfs neýmssm pmrjgtmj hnzmr `fjçr`gf `fj uj Crfw.Crfws `rgnj nrjns m nrjncurns cmmx`mp`gfenb qunbgcncm, m n jngfr pnrtm cmssmsgtmes sàf jîag`fs. Ef jmr`ncf emarf cnsrmagýms cm ]ecmrcnrl, `fjmr`gnetms Crfwpfcmj smr me`fetrncfs vmecmecf smusvmemefs m nrjns jîag`ns cm aumrrn.

Crfws eàf pmrjgtmj mstrneifs mjsuns `gcncms, ef metnetf, sm noucnrmj eftrnespfrtm cm kmes, pfcmj smr kmj-vgecfs pfrtfcn n `gcncm. Crfws prmhmrmj f `fjçr`gf`fj futrns rnáns mj pfstfs nvneáncfs mmspm`gnbjmetm mj jmr`ncfs smaurfs `fetrnuj ntnqum. Futrf fkomtgvf cfs Crfws ç cm eàfpmrjgtgr qum ns futrns rnáns gehbume`gmj f smupÿkbg`f `fj suns gcmfbfagns `fjues mrujfrms, m tmjmj smr rfukncfs. Ef juecf`nðtg`f cf Crfw, eàf ç npmens pnrneðgn fubfuùrn, jns tnjkçj ç ujn tîtg`n cmsfkrmvgvïe`gn.

Crfw en Aumrrn

Cmpmecmecf cn sgtunáàf m eÿjmrfs,Crfws utgbgznj vîrgns tîtg`ns en sun butn`fetrn ns futrns rnáns, n jngfrgn utgbgznecf nsmsùrns snbns cf ]ecmrcnrl n smu hnvfr.ûnecf f`frrm uj ÿeg`f `fjkntm enssfjkrns, fu jnrìnj pnrn n aumrrn sfk nknecmgrn cn sun `nsn, fs Crfws sàf tîtg`fs nfmxtrmjf. Mbms usnj smu njkgmetm,mqugpnjmetfs, inkgbgcncms, ms`rnvfs, m`festruáýms jfrtngs `fj tnjnein mhg`gïe`gn`fjf eue`n vgstn efs mbhfs cn supmrhê`gmcmscm ns Aumrrns cfs Tnrmetms, qum mevgfu fpfvf Crfw nfs suktmrrëemfs.



Augn @fjpbmtf pnrn Crfws >;

Mxçr`gtfs Hnjgbgnrms

Fs mxçr`gtfs Crfw sàf efrjnbjmetmcgvgcgcfs `fehfrjm n jntrgnr`n cm `ncn

hnjêbgn. Mstms Crfws sàf hmrfzms mfkmcgmetms, smaugecf fs prge`êpgfs cm ujnhfrtm m hnvfrm`gcn cmusn-jntrgnr`n, mequnetfqum futrns uegcncms `fetnj `fj uj hrn`f fujnu bêcmr. Mxçr`gtfs Crfw sàf `festgtuêcfs pfrgeÿjmrfs tgpfs cm uegcncms.Mstns uegcncms cgvgcmj-sm mj quntrf`ntmafrgns cgstgetns? f @fjnecf Tmssfnb, nsSrfpns cm @ifqum fu cm Mbgtm, f Mxçr`gtf[maubnr m, hgenbjmetm, ns Hfrrnames.

@fjnecf Tmssfnb

F `fjnecf cm ujn mqugpm cf mxçr`gtfCrfw `fesgstm en jntrgnr`n cn `nsn, ujjêegjf cm cuns `bçrgans mj kfns `fecgáýms`fj fs smus cmusms, uj `feourncfr nr`nef, fntunb pntrgnr`n cn `nsn, m qunbqumr noucncmjfeên`n fu mbmjmetnr qum smu cmus pfssntmr mevgncf pnrn noucî-bfs. ]jn Jntrgnr`n cmujn `nsn ç ujn @bçrgan cm eêvmb >4. Ns futrns`bçrgans qum smrvmj cm npfgf pnrn nJntrgnr`n, fu sàf suns prðprgns hgbins fu`bçrgans `fj hç en jmsjn cmusn. Ns `bçrganscm npfgf, tïj uj eÿjmrf tftnb cm eêvmgs gaunbn jmtncm cf eêvmb cn jntrgnr`n. F `feourncfrnr`nef ç efrjnbjmetm uj ifjmj cm pmbfjmefs eêvmb 9. Eêvmb qum mstî rmbn`gfencf `fjn jntrgnr`n, qumr smon ntrnvçs cf sneaum fupfrqum mstî efgvf cm ujn cns `bçrgans cmnpfgf. F pntrgnr`n cn `nsn `fjnecn f mxçr`gtf ouetnjmetm `fj n jntrgnr`n, mbm tnjkçjmxmùtn jgssýms mspm`gngs (mxmjpbf? ntn`nr f`fjnecf pmssfnb cf mxçr`gtf fpfemetm, funssnssgenr n jntrgnr`n cm ujn `nsn rgvnb).Cmjóegfs tnjkçj eàf sàf ge`fjues ef`fjnecf.

Srfpns cm @ifqum fu Mbgtm

]jn pmqumen uegcncm cm aunrcns,nssnssgefs, aumrrmgrfs ncnjnetgefs, fubëjgens emarns tmràf efrjnbjmetm npfgf mbgcmrnj f ntnqum n ujn hfrtghg`náàf rgvnb. Mstmssàf aumrrmgrfs qum tgvmrnj hfrjnáàf mspm`gnbm sàf cghê`mgs cm sukstgtugr, sm hfrmjcmstruêcfs. @bçrgafs cn cgvgecncm qum eàfsmonj cn jntrgnr`n, pfcmj smr me`fetrncfs`fjf Srfpn cm Mbgtm ef npfgf n futrns trfpns.

Mxçr`gtf [maubnr

Efrjnbjmetm sàf aumrrmgrfs Crfws.Mstms Crfws sàf `fesgcmrncfs têpg`fs rm`rutnsncg`gfengs smj inkgbgcncms mspm`gngs. Ns sunsjfrtms eàf sàf `fesgcmrncns `fjf pmrcns

ntç qum jngs cm =4% cmssms sfbcncfs smonjjfrtfs. @bçrgafs mstàf cgspfeêvmgs pnrnrmnegjnr mssms aumrrmgrfs pnrn qum pfssnj`fetgeunr n butnr pfr sun `nsn.

Hfrrnames

Srfpns cm ms`rnvfs, jmr`meîrgfs`fetrntncfs, nbgncfs Fr`s m Afkbges mjmefrms `nsns Crfw qum mstàf npfgnecf ujn`nsn jngfr sàf tfcfs `fesgcmrncfs `fjfhfrrnamj. Mstns trfpns mstàf cmstgencns njfrrmr mj `fjkntm. @bçrgans trnknbinj pnrnrmnegjnr fs jfrtfs, pnrn qum mbms pfssnj`fetgeunr n butnr jugtf cmpfgs cn sun prðprgnjfrtm.

@mr`fs

N jmetnbgcncm cm uj Crfw eàf çutgbgzncn mj mstrntçagns cm ntnqumsprfbfeancfs fu pnrn `mr`fs. N sun enturmzn`nðtg`n fktçj uj jmbifr rmsubtncf qunecfvàf `fetrn ujn hfrtghg`náàf m smus ntnqumsgeg`gngs ge`npn`gtnrmj fs cmhmesfrms. Efmetnetf, fs Crfws sàf `npnzms cm jnetmr f`mr`f `fj ns suns jnagns supmrgfrms mnvneáfs tmèfbðag`fs.

Crfws usnj n cmhmsn mj tfcns nspfsgáýms. Pm mssns trfpns cm ìfqum eàfpfcmj vgfbnr n hfrtghg`náàf, sfbcncfsncnjnetgefs, aunrcns msùrfs, hmgtg`mgrfs, m`bçrgans metrnj en bgein cm hrmetm pnrnemutrnbgznr n fpfsgáàf. Pm gssf eàf hue`gfenr,fu sm f ntnqum Crfw tgvmr jngs cm ;=% cmvêtgjns, mbms vàf cmgxnr f `njpf cm kntnbincm hfrjn tàf rîpgcn m sgbme`gfsnjmetm `fjfsuragrnj.

Meameinrgns cm Aumrrn

Npmens qunecf fs smus cmusms fusun jntrgnr`n cm`rmtnrmj qum ujn hfrtghg`náàfcmvm `ngr, f Crfw grî jfstrnr `fjf mbmspfcmj smr vmrcncmgrnjmetm cmstrutgvfs.Emstms `nsfs, jnafs m `bçrgafs pnssnj n`fetrfbnr jfrtfs-vgvfs m `fkrns `festrgtfrnsqum pfcmj vgfbnr ujn hfrtghg`náàf. AumrrmgrfsCrfws vàf pnrn f `njpf cm kntnbin mjvmêùbfs puxncfs pfr jfrtfs-vgvfs, fujfetncfs mj nrneins m kmsfurfs ntrfzms. FCrfw tnjkçj usnrî n jfrtnb m jîag`n nrneinknbbgstn> sm mbns mstgvmrmj ä sun cgspfsgáàf.




>. Nrnein Knbbgstn, vmon Npïecg`m G? EfvfsJfestrfs.

Srfpns `fj vmêùbfs pmsncfs jfvmj-

sm pnrn smrvgr `fjf npfgf mj `fjkntm, m eàfjngs cm ujn cÿzgn cmstns nkfjgenáýmsmstnràf mj `njpf pfr vmz. Mstns kmstnsjfrtf-vgvns sàf `fetrfbncns pmbf Crfw qummstgvmr cmetrf cmbns. Mbms pfcmj ms`nbnrsupmrhê`gms tàf rîpgcns `fjf ujn nrnein.Nbçj cm sun jfkgbgcncm, n nrnein tnjkçjpfcm `rgnr ujn arnecm mxpbfsàf jîag`n ujnvmz pfr rfcncn. Mstn jnagn `nusn ;c9 pfetfscm cnef n qunbqumr `fgsn prðxgjn (uj

su`mssf mj [mhbmxf, @C >=, `nusn jmtncm cfcnef). Pm f Crfw hfr jfrtf fu ge`npn`gtncf, n`rgnturn jfrtn-vgvn cmgxnrî cm hue`gfenr ntçqum futrf Crfw tfjm smu buanr. Pm f Crfwcmsmonr hnzmr qunbqumr futrf ntnqum, mbm cmvm

tmr @fjkntm Jfetncf `fjf tnbmetf.Srnespfrtm Negjncf? @fesubtm n pîagen 80pnrn ns mstntêstg`ns `fjpbmtns.Nrnein Knbgstn? Xmon pîagen 8= pnrn nsmstntêstg`ns `fjpbmtns.

Mxçr`gtfs Sêpg`fs pfr Snjneif cm @nsn

@nsn Tmqumen @nsn Jçcgn @nsn Arnecm

@fjnecf J? >4< ;@? =< N? 9< T? 9 J? >;< 0@? 8< ;N? 9< T?>4< >C J? >=< 8@? 9< 0N? 9< T?>;< ;C

Mbgtm ;c>; AN 0c>; AN<;c>; AE

3c>; AN<0c>; AE< ;c>; C

[maubnr 3c;4 S 8c;4 S >4c;4 S

Hfrrnames 3c;4 A< ;c;4 F 8c;4 A< 3c;4 F<> @J

>4c;4 A< 8c;4 F< >c3@J

Jntrgnr`n (J)? F eÿjmrf npðs f `ðcgaf ç f eêvmb cm `bçrgaf cn jntrgnr`n. ûnetf jngfr hfr n `nsn,jngfr n prfknkgbgcncm cm sm tmr uj jubtg-`bnssm `bçrgaf/aumrrmgrf. Nbçj cgssf, n jntrgnr`n tnjkçjtmrî ;c3 aunrcns Crfw ncg`gfengs (aumrrmgrfs Crfw `fj jmtncm cf smu eêvmb) pnrn prftmaï-bn.@bçrgans (@)? F eÿjmrf netms cf `ðcgaf ç f eÿjmrf cm `bçrgans prmsmetms ef `fjnecf, f eÿjmrfnpðs gecg`n f smu eêvmb cm `bçrgaf.Nr`nef (N)? F eÿjmrf netms cf `ðcgaf ç f eÿjmrf cm nr`nefs prmsmetms ef `fjnecf, f eÿjmrf

npðs gecg`n n smu eêvmb `fjf nr`nef fu hmgtg`mgrf.Tntrgnr`n (T)? F eÿjmrf npðs smu `ðcgaf ç f smu eêvmb `fjf aumrrmgrf. ûnetf jngfr hfr n `nsn,jngfr n prfknkgbgcncm cm sm tmr uj pntrgnr`n `fj ujn `bnssm cm prmstêagf tgpf Nssnssgef, AunrcnEmarf fu Bëjgen Emarn.Cmjóegfs (C)? F eÿjmrf netms cf `ðcgaf gecg`n qum f eÿjmrf cm cmjóegfs ef `fjnecf. F JOcmvm cmtmrjgenr f tgpf cm cmjóegf nbmntfrgnjmetm. Mstm cmjóegf grî efrjnbjmetm tmr ;c>;sukfrcgencfs crmtì tnenr'rg `fjf sun aunrcn pmssfnb.Aumrrmgrf Ncnjnetgef (AN)? Cmtmrjgem nbmntfrgnjmetm f eÿjmrf cm Aumrrmgrfs Ncnjnetgefs.Aunrcns Emarfs (AE)? Cmtmrjgem nbmntfrgnjmetm f eÿjmrf cm Aunrcns Emarfs.Bëjgen Emarn (BE)? Cmtmrjgem nbmntfrgnjmetm f eÿjmrf cm Bëjgens Emarns.Srfpns têpg`ns (S)? F eÿjmrf cm aumrrmgrfs Crfw ef smu mxçr`gtf. Tnrn `ncn cmz Crfws aumrrmgrfs,iî ujn `bçrgan Crfw cm npfgf mj kntnbin. Tnrn `ncn cuns `bçrgans cm npfgf, mxgstm uj Crfw nr`nefm ujn Crfw cm qunbqumr eêvmb jngs nbtf qum `ffrcmen ns futrns `bçrgans.Ms`rnvfs Afkbge (A)? F eÿjmrf cm ms`rnvfs Afkbge mj smu mxçr`gtf. Tnrn `ncn vgetm ms`rnvfs

Afkbge, iî ujn `bçrgan Crfw m uj aumrrmgrf Crfw pnrn npfgî-bfs. Pm iî jngs cm qunrmetn Afkbges mj`njpf, tnjkçj invmrî futrn `bçrgan cm eêvmb jngs nbtf qum `ffrcmem tfcfs fs sukfrcgencfs Crfws.Ms`rnvfs Fr` (F)? F eÿjmrf cm Fr`s ms`rnvfs mj smu mxçr`gtf. Tfr `ncn cfzm Fr`s ms`rnvfs, iîujn `bçrgan Crfw m uj aumrrmgrf Crfw pnrn npfgî-bfs.@nsn Jmefr (@J)? Mstm ç f jmefr eÿjmrf cm `nsns qum pfcmj metrnr mj ujn kntnbin `fjfnbgncfs. @ncn ujn cmssns `nsns smaum ns rmarns cn prðxgjn `nsn jngfr (mxmjpbf? ujn `nsnarnecm tmj ntç quntrf `nsns jçcgns `fjf npfgf, fu ujn `nsn jçcgn tmj ujn `nsn pmqumen `fjfnpfgf).

TM[PFENAMEP C[FQ




Fs Crfws sàf ujn rnán suktmrrëemncm mbhfs. Tfssumj `frnáýms emarfs m ujpncràf `nðtg`f, tmjgcf pmbn jngfrgn cnsfutrns rnáns cf suktmrrëemf m pmbns rnáns cn

supmrhê`gm. @fjf rnán cm pmrsfenamj, mbmseàf sàf jugtf cghmrmetms.@fetfs sfkrm Crfws sfbgtîrgfs qum

msprmgtnj f juecf supmrgfr sàf sussurrncfsmj tnvmrens. Nbaues cmssms `fetfs hnbnjsfkrm sfjkrgns hgaurns sfbgtîrgns en mstrncnqum fhmrm`mrnj nssgstïe`gn äqumbms `fjprfkbmjns. Futrns igstðrgns hnbnj sfkrmnssnssgefs rmemancfs, nhnstncfs cm sun tmrrnentnb. Eàf gjpfrtn f `fetmÿcf, fs `fetfssmjprm sàf mevfbtfs mj ujn nurn cm jmcf mjgstçrgf.

Crfws qum `njgeinj en supmrhê`gmefrjnbjmetm sàf rmemancfs qum rmeue`gnrnj

n smus bnrms ne`mstrngs pmbn ìne`m cm ujnefvn vgcn. Nbaujns vmzms mbm ç uj `njpmàfcn bmg m cn oustgán, jns ç jngs prfvîvmb qumsmon uj nssnssgef sfbgtîrgf m jmr`meîrgf, qummsprmgtn fs iujnefs m mbhfs cn supmrhê`gm. FCrfw sfbgtîrgf pfcm smr jnìf fu hïjmn, jnsrnrnjmetm ç uj `bçrgaf fu cmvftf cm ujn cnscgvgecncms Crfw.

Crfws jnìfs sàf jngs prfpmesfs nujn vgcn cm nvmeturns sfbgtîrgn. Mj ujnsf`gmcncm jntrgnr`nb, iî pfu`f mspnáf pnrnuj Crfw jnìf sfbgtîrgf ìnjnr cm bnr.Nbaues jnìfs, `fjf puegáàf pfr gehrnáýmsjmefrms, sàf cmgxncfs en supmrhê`gm npðs`nusnrmj cmsfrcmj, fu cmgxncfs pnrn jfrrmr`fj f rmstf cfs gehrntfrms m cmsfrcmgrfs.Jnìfs Crfw pfssumj tfcns ns`nrn`tmrêstg`ns rn`gngs cm sun mspç`gm, jnssàf jugtf jmefs `nrgsjîtg`fs cf qum n sun`fetrnpnrtm hmjgegen.

Ns hïjmns Crfw rnrnjmetm sàfrmemancns. Pm ujn hïjmn ç pman sfzgein ensupmrhê`gm, mbn ç prfvnvmbjmetm ujn cmvftnqum hfg mevgncn pnrn bfeam cm sun hnjêbgn pfrnbauj `nprgìf mevfbvmecf sun cgvgecncm.Mssms `nsfs sàf rnrfs.

Nbaujns hïjmns aumrrmgrns sð smràfcmgxncns pnrn trîs npðs nbaujn rmvfbtn, fuqunecf `npturncns pmbfs prgjfs mbhfs cnsupmrhê`gm. Ns jubimrms Crfw sàf jngs`nrgsjîtg`ns qum smus `fbmans cf smxfjnsùbgef m tïj tfcns ns `nrn`tmrêstg`nsefrjngs cn rnán.

@N[N@SM[ÊPSG@NP [N@GNGP C[FQ

• +; cm cmstrmzn, -; cm `festgtugáàf, +; cmgetmbgaïe`gn, +; cm `nrgsjn (pmrsfenamesjnsùbgefs pfssumj -; cm `nrgsjn)<

Crfws sàf getmbgametms m pfssumj rmhbmxfsge`rgvmbjmetm nhgencfs npðs nefs cm vgcnens pmrgafsns metrneins cf juecf.

• @rgnturn jçcgn? `fjf `rgnturns jçcgns, fsCrfw eàf rm`mkmj kóeus fu pmenbgcncms

pfr tnjneif.• Cmsbf`njmetf? 7 jmtrfs.• Jnagns? Crfws sàf gjuems n jnagns m

mhmgtfs cm sfef m rm`mkmj +; cm kóeusrn`gnb efs tmstms cm [msgstïe`gn `fetrnjnagns m mhmgtfs cm me`netnjmetf. Mssmkóeus ç sfjncf nf kóeus cm +; cm[msgstïe`gn efs tmstms cm Xfetncm `fetrnjnagn m mhmgtfs sgjgbnrms n jnagn.

• [msgstïe`gn ä jnagn? >> + Eêvmb cmpmrsfenamj.

• Inkgbgcncms sgjgbnrms n jnagn? >/cgn ‐abfkfs cm buz, msùrgcàf, hfaf cns hncns.Mssns inkgbgcncms sàf gcïetg`ns äs jnagns

`feourncns pfr uj hmgtg`mgrf cm eêvmbmqugvnbmetm nf eêvmb cm pmrsfenamj cfCrfw.

• Xgsàf ef msùrf? fs Crfws pfcmj vmr enmsùrgcàf jngs prfhuecn m efs emarujmscfs snbýms suktmrrëemfs cm sun tmrrn entnb.N inkgbgcncm cm mexmranr ef msùrfnb`neán 08 jmtrfs.

• +; efs tmstms cm Fksmrvnr, Fuvgr mTrfùrnr. ]j Crfw qum pnssm n ntç >,=jmtrfs cm cgstëe`gn cm ujn pfrtn sm`rmtnfu `njuhbncn pfcm hnzmr uj tmstm cmprfùrnr `fjf sm mstgvmssm ntgvnjmetmfbinecf pnrn mbn. N inkgbgcncm cfs Crfws

cm cmtm`tnr pfrtns sm`rmtns ç tàf nauáncnqum ns futrns rnáns cf suktmrrëemfrnrnjmetm `fesmaumj sm ms`fecmr cmssmsgegjgafs jfrtngs.

• @maumgrn sfk buz getmesn? Mxpfsgáýmssÿkgtns n buzms getmesns (`fjf n buz sfbnrfu n jnagn buz cf cgn) `manj uj Crfwcurnetm ujn rfcncn. Nbçj cgssf, mbm sfhrm-> cm pmenbgcncm cm `grùestëe`gn mj tfcnsns ofancns cm ntnqum m tmstms cm[msgstïe`gn mequnetf mstgvmr sfk ujnhfetm cm buz krgbinetm.

• Gcgfjns kîsg`fs? Çbhg`f m Puktmrrëemf.Gcgfjns ncg`gfengs? @fjuj, Nkgssnb,

Crn`óeg`f, Neàf, Aefjf, Aefbb, Afkbge,Fr` m Smrrne. Fs Crfws efrjnbjmetm`feim`mj n bêeaun cm smus gegjgafs nssgj`fjf cns pfu`ns rnáns qum `fesgcmrnjsmus nbgncfs, ge`bugecf fs afkbges m fr`s,qum sàf vgstfs `fjf ms`rnvfs.

• Noustm cm Eêvmb? +>• @bnssm Hnvfrm`gcn? @bçrgaf (fu Hmgtg`mgrf

pnrn pmrsfenames jnsùbgefs). ]jpmrsfenamj Crfw jubtg`bnssmcms`fesgcmrn sun `bnssm hnvfrgtn pnrn



Augn @fjpbmtf pnrn Crfws >=

cmtmrjgenr n pmenbgcncm cm mxpmrgïe`gn.@bçrgans cm cgvgecncms Crfw sàfefrjnbjmetm jubtg`bnssm(Aumrrmgrn/@bçrgan, pfr mxmjpbf).

PSNS]P PF@GNBEf `nðtg`f juecf cfs Crfw, fecm

vf`ï sm me`fetrn en igmrnrqugn sf`gnb ç qunsmtàf gjpfrtnetm qunetf smrvgr hgmbjmetm ä suncgvgecncm. ûnecf mstgvmr `rgnecf ujpmrsfenamj Crfw, `fesgcmrm n tnkmbn nkngxfpnrn cmtmrjgenr fecm smu pmrsfenamj smme`fetrn?

C>44 Ptntus Pf`gnb4>->4 [memancf>>-04 Hnjêbgn Jmr`netm0>-14 Tncràf

1>-1= Nrtmsàf18-94 Efkrm, `nêcf9>-74 Ms`rnvf7>->44 Efkrm, kfn mstgrpm

[memancf? bnáfs `fj n sf`gmcncm Crfw. Njngfrgn cfs Crfws cm Smecïe`gn emutrf fukfj ç cmstm tgpf. Iî =4% cm ìne`m cmstmpmrsfenamj smr `náncf pmbn hnjêbgn fu pfrnetgafs sð`gfs qum mbm nknecfefu. Fspmrsfenames ncqugrmj n pmrê`gnsfkrmvgvïe`gn.

Tncràf? eàf iî kóeus fu pmenbgcncms nfsCrfws cm hnjêbgn pncràf.

Nrtmsàf? f Crfw pmrtme`m n ujn hnjêbgnjmr`netm. F pmrsfenamj `fjmán f ofaf `fj0c3x>4 TF mj cgeimgrf m pfcm tmr uj fhê`gfarntugtf. F pmrsfenamj cmvm mstnr cgspfstf nrmnbgznr jgssýms pnrn n hnjêbgn n`gjn cmqunbqumr futrn, n jmefs qum mstn mstmoncgrmtnjmetm rmbn`gfencf ä garmon cm ujncgvgecncm Crfw.

Hnjêbgn Jmr`netm? F pmrsfenamj vïj cmujn hnjêbgn gehbumetm cm emaf`gncfrms mjmr`ncfrms cf knznr Crfw. Tmrsfenames `fjmssn mstgrpm `fjmánj f ofaf `fj 0c3x>4 TFmj cgeimgrf. F `nrgsjn jêegjf pnrn ujpmrsfenamj cmssn bgeinamj ç >; m fpmrsfenamj ncqugrm n prfhgssàf (Jmr`ncfr)`fjf pmrê`gn ncg`gfenb. F pmrsfenamj cmvmmstnr cgspfstf n mjprmmecmr jgssýms pnrnsun hnjêbgn nf gevçs cm qunbqumr futrfemað`gf, n jmefs mstm mstmon cgrmtnjmetmrmbn`gfencf `fj n garmon cm uj cfs cmusmsCrfw.

Efkrmzn (Kfn Mstgrpm)? Mstms Crfw vgvmjpnrn vmemrnr fs cmusms. Mbms `fjmánj f ofaf`fj uj rmùrsf ncg`gfenb cm 0c3x>4 TF mjcgeimgrf m ncqugrmj n pmrê`gn Pfkrmvgvïe`gn.

Efkrmzn (@nêcfs)? Fs efkrms `nêcfs eàfcurnj jugtf en sf`gmcncm Crfw. Mbms sàf`náncfs n tfcf gestnetm m sàf vgstfs `fjfnjnbcgáfncfs pmbfs cmusms. Mbms cmvmj fktmr`feim`gjmetf (Enturmzn) `fjf pmrê`gnncg`gfenb m `fjmánj f ofaf `fj >c3x>4 TFmj cgeimgrf.

Ms`rnvf? mssms pfkrms cmsnhfrtuencfs`fjmánj f ofaf smj cgeimgrf! Mbms pfcmjms`fbimr cuns prfhgssýms fu fhê`gfsbgvrmjmetm.

J]SNÁÝMP C[FQ

Crfws jnìfs m hïjmns sàf`feim`gcfs pfr tfcf f sukjuecf pfr sunprfjgsùgcncm. Fs ms`rnvfs sàf `nstgancfs(fu rm`fjpmesncfs) curnjmetm pfr smusjmstrms `fj ujn vfbtgein mj suns `njns.Mjkfrn ns mxðtg`ns m smcutfrns hïjmns Crfwpnrmánj smr ujn tmetncfrn fhmrtn pnrn n rnánsmrvgánb, rnrnjmetm uj ms`rnvf rmtfren vgvfcmstm me`fetrf. ûnecf f ms`rnvf rmtfrencmssm anbnetmgf, ef metnetf, nbaues rmtfrenj`fj uj efvf jmgf-Crfw n rmkfqum. Mjkfrnmssns jutnáýms qunsm smjprm smonjcmstruêcns, ouetf `fj n hmbg`gcncm cfs pngs,nbaujns prfbms sfkrmvgvmj m pnssnj nmxpbfrnr f cms`feim`gcf cns `nvmrens.

Nbaues Crfws `fstujnj rmhfránr smusneaum hnzmecf n uegàf cn msùrgcàf m cfscmjóegfs gefjgeîvmgs mj smus npfsmetfs.@fj n noucn cm mstrneifs rgtungs m jnagn cmsneaum, nbaues Crfws cmjfeên`fs ens`mjpnrn bgcmrnr fs mxçr`gtfs mj kntnbin. Cmssmscmjóegfs, ujn efvn suk-rnán cm Crfwsmjmragu.

Kÿrfb

Cnqumbms ens`gcfs enturnbjmetm metrmns jutnáýms jmgf Crfw, fs Kÿrfb sàf fs jngsge`fjues. Kÿrfb bgtmrnbjmetm sgaeghg`n ‒nsjmetms qumkrncns‚ mj bgeaunamjsuktmrrëemn, oî qum mssms mstrneifs smrmssàf f rmsubtncf cn mstrnein uegàf metrm ujCrfw m uj cmvfrncfr cm jmetms. Pàfenturnbjmetm psêqug`fs, `fjf suns`fetrnpnrtms cmvfrncfrns cm jmetm, jns




pfssumj `fjf imrneán Crfw sun arnán mnstÿ`gn.

Fs Kÿrfb sàf nbtfs `fjpnrncfs `fjfs Crfws pncràf, ìmanecf n ntgeagr >,94 j.Pàf msaugfs, pmsnecf pfu`f jngs cm 34 la.

Pun pmbm ç vgfbmtn msùrf, `fj bfeafs `nkmbfsemarfs. Pmus fbifs fpn`fs vnrgnj cm `frmetrm krne`f bmgtfsf m f `gezn rfìfsf. Pmuscmcfs sàf bfeafs m pfssumj ujn ouetn mxtrn,`fj npmens trïs cmcfs pfr jàf m uj pfbmanrmj `ncn m sun kf`n `fj trïs tmetîùbfs,n`fjpneincn cm pmrhmgtfs cmetms emarfs.

Fs (hmbgzjmetm) pfu`fs kÿrfbs qumpmrnjkubnj pmbns `nvmrens jngs prfhuecnseutrmj uj ðcgf bntmetm pfr tfcns ns hfrjns cmvgcn. Oî qum `çrmkrfs sàf sun `fjgcn hnvfrgtn,mssms `náncfrms qum eue`n cfrjmj mstàfsmjprm ä `nán cm `rgnturns snpgmetms pnrn smnbgjmetnr. Pm me`fetrncfs mj njkgmetm

smbvnamj, tfcf ùgcncf ç pfu`f pnrn eàfpmrturknr f kÿrfb qunecf mstm mstgvmr smnbgjmetnecf, fu mbm metrnrî mj uj hrmemsgsmbvnamj cf qungs jugtfs arupfs Crfw eàfrmtfrenrnj.

@nrn`tmrêstg`ns [n`gngs cfs Kÿrfbs• +3 cm hfrán, +; cm getmbgaïe`gn, +; cm

snkmcfrgn, -3 cm `nrgsjn? Kÿrfbs sàfnstutfs m rîpgcfs, f qum fs tfren`náncfrms hfrjgcîvmgs.

• @rgnturn jçcgn? `fjf `rgnturns jçcgns, fsCrfws eàf rm`mkmj kóeus fu pmenbgcncmspfr tnjneif.

• Cmsbf`njmetf? 7 jmtrfs.

• Jnagns? Kÿrfbs sàf gjuems n jnagns mmhmgtfs cm sfef m rm`mkmj +; cm kóeusrn`gnb efs tmstms cm rmsgstïe`gn `fetrnjnagns m mhmgtfs cm me`netnjmetf. Mssmkóeus ç ncg`gfenb nbçj cf kóeus cm +; cm

rmsgstïe`gn efs tmstms cm vfetncm `fetrnjnagn m mhmgtfs sgjgbnrms n jnagn.• [msgstïe`gn ä jnagn >> + Eêvmb cm

pmrsfenamj.• [noncn Jmetnb? Ç uj ntnqum mj `fem, cm

>9 jmtrfs cm nb`ne`m. ûnbqumr uj pmafpmbn rnoncn cmvm smr kmj su`mcgcf mj ujtmstm cm Xfetncm (@C>1) fu hg`nrîntfrcfncf pfr 0c3 rfcncns. F Kÿrfbefrjnbjmetm `nán usnecf mssn inkgbgcncm,nrrnstnecf mj smaugcn ujn fu cunsvêtgjns cf ntnqum pnrn sm nbgjmetnr.

• Tsgóeg`f? Me`netnr jfestrfs, cmtm`tnrpmesnjmetfs, bmvgtnáàf m suamstàf . Mssns

inkgbgcncms sàf `fjf ns jnagns`feourncns pfr uj hmgtg`mgrf cm eêvmb gaunbnf eêvmb cf pmrsfenamj.

• Nanrrnr Nprgjfrncf? Tnrn usnr mssninkgbgcncm, f Kÿrfb cmvm nanrrnr ujn`rgnturn cm tnjneif pmqumen n arnecmntn`necf `fj fs tmetîùbfs. Pm nanrrnr,mbm `rnvn fs tmetîùbfs en `nkmán cnvêtgjn. F Kÿrfb pfcm nanrrnr ujn `rgnturncm tnjneif arnecm fu jngfr, `fetnetf qum`fesgan, cm nbaujn hfrjn, `rnvnr fstmetîùbfs en `nkmán cf fpfemetm. Npðsuj tmstm kmj su`mcgcf cm nanrrnr, f Kÿrfbpfcm tmetnr `rnvnr fs tmetîùbfs rmstnetms

`fj uj sgjpbms tmstm cm nanrrnr. Ffpfemetm pfcm tmetnr ms`npnr `fj ujtmstm cm rmhbmxfs, jns f Kÿrfb rm`mkm +;cm `grùestëe`gn efs tmstms pnrn `ncntmetîùbf `rnvncf ef geê`gf cf turef cffpfemetm.

• Mxtrngr? ]j Kÿrfb qum geg`gm smu turef `fjfs trïs tmetîùbfs `rnvncfs m hfr kmjsu`mcgcf mj `fesmaugr jnetï-bfs,nutfjntg`njmetm mxtrng f `çrmkrf cffpfemetm, jntnecf n vêtgjngestnetnemnjmetm.

• Smbmpntgn? Fs Kÿrfb sm `fjueg`njtmbmpntg`njmetm `fj qunbqumr `rgnturn qum

pfssun ujn bêeaun m qum mstmon cmetrf cfnb`ne`m cm 04 jmtrfs.

• Gcgfjns kîsg`fs? Puktmrrëemf. Gcgfjnsncg`gfengs? @fjuj, crn`óeg`f, Neàf,Mbhg`f, Aefbb, Aefjf, Afkbge, Fr` m Smrrne.

• Noustm cm Eêvmb? +=• @bnssm Hnvfrm`gcn? [neamr. ]j Kÿrfb

rneamr jubtg`bnssm cms`fesgcmrn n `bnssm[neamr qunecf sfhrmr pmenbgcncm cm YTcmvgcf n eêvmgs jubtg`bnssm.




Crgcmr

Fs Crgcmrs sàf fs Crfws njnbcgáfncfs.Nqumbms qum hnbinj efs tmstms cm smrvgcàf ensf`gmcncm Crfw vïmj-sm cfbfrfsnjmetmtrneshfrjncfs mj Crgcmrs (pnrn jngfrmsgehfrjnáýms sfkrm n rnán, `fesubtm f BcJ).

@nrn`tmrêstg`ns [n`gngs Crgcmrs• +; Hfrán, +; Cmstrmzn, +; Getmbgaïe`gn, -;

Pnkmcfrgn, -; @nrgsjn? Crgcmrs prmhmrmjntn`nr cns sfjkrns mj ujn mjkfs`ncn`fj suns inkgbgcncms enturngs sgjgbnrms njnagn, pnrn sð metàf ntn`nr curnjmetm`fj sun hfrán enturnb.

• @rgnturn arnecm? Crgcmrs rm`mkmj -> cm

pmenbgcncm en @N m mj tmstms cm ntnqum,jns pfcmj usnr nrjns jngfrms qum nsnrjns iujnens m sun `npn`gcncm cmbmvnetnr fu `nrrmanr ç cuns vmzms jngfr cfqum `rgnturns cm tnjneif jçcgf.

• Cmsbf`njmetf? 7 jmtrfs< Ms`nbncn 3jmtrfs.

• Inkgbgcncms sgjgbnrms ä jnagn? >/cgn ‐abfkfs cm buz, msùrgcàf, cmtm`tnr `nfs /jnb / kmj / frcmj, cmtm`tnr jnagn, hfafcns hncns m bmvgtnáàf . Mssns inkgbgcncmssàf sgjgbnrms äs jnagns `feourncns pfr ujhmgtg`mgrf cm 8¿ eêvmb (tmstm cm rmsgstïe`gn@C>0 + Eêvmb cm jnagn).

•

Jnagns? ]jn vmz pfr cgn, uj crgcmr `bçrgafpfcm, ncg`gfenbjmetm, `feournr`bnrgvgcïe`gn / `bnurgcgïe`gn, cgs`mregrjmetgrns, cgssgpnr jnagns m suamstàf `fjfuj `feourncfr cm 8¿ eêvmb.

• Xmemef? Jfrcgcn, Hfrtgtucm @C >8 neubn.Cnef geg`gnb m smùecîrgf >c8 cm cneftmjpfrîrgf en hfrán.

• Tmrê`gns? ]j Crgcmr rm`mkm +3 efs tmstmscm Ms`fecmr-sm m jfvmr mj sgbïe`gf.

• Gcgfjns? Crfw, @fjuj, Puktmrrëemf.Gcgfjns ncg`gfengs? Neàf, Crn`óeg`f,Aefjf, Afkbge, Fr`, m Srfbb.

• Noustm cm Eêvmb? +;.

• @bnssm Hnvfrm`gcn? @bçrgaf. ]j Crgcmrjubtg`bnssm cms`fesgcmrn n `bnssm cm`bçrgaf qunecf cmtmrjgenr pmenbgcncms mjYT pfr eêvmgs jubtg`bnssm.

Pintÿrua

Fr`s qum sfkrmvgvmj ä ‒rm`fjpmesn‚Crfw pfcmj amrnr uj knstnrcf Pintÿrua.

Mssn `rgnturn jmgf-fr` / jmgf-Crfw ç jnetgcnms`fecgcn m smaurn cfs Crfws pmbns trgkfsfr`s. Mbms sàf `rgncfs m trmgencfs mj`fjkntm pmbfs jmbifrms aumrrmgrfs fr`s mamrnbjmetm bgcmrnj ns trfpns mj `fjkntm.

Mbms sàf jngs hfrtms, rîpgcfs m cm bfeam jngsgetmbgametms cf qum qunbqumr futrf fr` cn trgkf.Nbaujns vmzms, gssf hnz `fj qum f Pintÿruasngn m mxpbfrm sfzgeif ns `nvmrens pnrncmsnhgnr qunbqumr uj qum pucmssm fpfr-sm nmbm. Nbaujns vmzms, mssns `rgnturns sàf`npturncns pfr ms`rnvgstns Crfw pnrn butnrmjmj suns nrmens pfr mspfrtm fu sàf hfráncfs n`ruznr `fj futrf Pintÿrua en mspmrneán cm`rgnr ujn trfpn cm mbgtm.

Fs Pintÿrua ntgeam n mstnturn jçcgnmetrm >,=4 m >,94 jmtrfs. Tfssumj ujn bgsn mjn`gn pmbm emarn m arnecms cmetmsnjnrmbncfs. Pmus fbifs sàf vmrjmbif sneaum

`fj jneìns cfurncns, m nbtnjmetmrmhbmxgvfs, suragecf `fjf cfgs pfetfs cm buzvmrjmbin en msùrgcàf.

@nrn`tmrêstg`ns [n`gngs cf Pintÿrua• +3 hfrán, +; cmstrmzn, +; getmbgaïe`gn, -;

Pnkmcfrgn, -3 @nrgsjn? Pintÿrua sàf hfrtmsm getmbgametms, bgcmrnecf fs mxçr`gtfs cnstrgkfs fr`s fu cns `nsns Crfws ä vgtðrgn.

• Snjneif jçcgf? Fs Pintÿrua eàfrm`mkmj kóeus fu pmenbgcncms pfrtnjneif.

• Cmsbf`njmetf? 7 jmtrfs.• Jnagns? Pintÿruas sàf gjuems n jnagn cm

sfef m mhmgtfs cm sfef m rm`mkmj +; cmkóeus rn`gnb efs tmstms cm rmsgstïe`gn`fetrn jnagns fu mhmgtfs cm me`netnjmetf.Mssm kóeus ç ncg`gfenb nfs +; cm kóeuscm Xfetncm `fetrn jnagns fu mhmgtfssgjgbnrms n jnagn.

• Xgsàf ef msùrf? fs Pintÿruas pfcmjvmr en msùrgcàf jngs prfhuecn m efsemarujms cfs snbýms suktmrrëemfs cm suntmrrn entnb. N inkgbgcncm cm mexmranr efmsùrf nb`neán 08 jmtrfs.

• @maumgrn sfk buz getmesn? Mxpfsgáýmssÿkgtns n buzms getmesns (`fjf n buz sfbnrfu n jnagn buz cf cgn) `manj uj Crfw

curnetm ujn rfcncn. Nbçj cgssf, mbm sfhrm-> cm pmenbgcncm cm `grùestëe`gn mj tfcnsns ofancns cm ntnqum m tmstms cmrmsgstïe`gn mequnetf mstgvmr sfk ujn hfetmcm buz krgbinetm.

• Gcgfjns? Puktmrrëemf m Fr`. Gcgfjnsncg`gfengs? @fjuj, Crn`óeg`f, Neàf,Çbhg`f, Aefjf, Afkbge, Aefbb mPuktmrrëemf.

• Noustm cm Eêvmb? +>




• @bnssm Hnvfrm`gcn? Aumrrmgrf. ]jPintÿrua jubtg`bnssm cms`fesgcmrn n`bnssm cm aumrrmgrf qunecf cmtmrjgenrpmenbgcncms mj YT pfr eêvmgs jubtg`bnssm.

Piur

Fs Piur sàf uj `ruznjmetf jîag`f mjfrtnb metrm uj cmjóegf m uj Crfw. Mbms sàf`fjnecnetms m jnafs cn jngs nbtn frcmj.Mbms eàf ncjgtmj emeiuj Crfw `fjf smujmstrm m `fesgcmrnj npmens ns cgvgecncmsCrfw `fjf smus gaungs fu jmbifrms. Pàftmjgcfs pfr jugtfs inkgtnetms cn supmrhê`gm.Fs pfu`fs qum sfkrmvgvmrnj n uj me`fetrf`fj mssns `rgnturns, smecf `fesgcmrncfs pfrjugtfs `fjf nbaf pnrm`gcf `fj uj tf`ncf

pmbfs pbnefs, `fjf uj tgmhbgea fu nnsgjnr.Piurs sàf Crfws `fj npnrïe`gncmjfeên`n, `fj arnecms nsns pnrm`gcns `fjns cm uj jfr`maf m arnecms m krne`nsprmsns. Mbms pnrm`mj cghmrmetms, jns namj`fjf fs Crfws, sm eàf cm hfrjn jngsnarmssgvn m mx`mssgvnjmetm `fehgnetm.

@nrn`tmrêstg`ns [n`gngs Piur• +; Cmstrmzn, -; @festgtugáàf, +;

Getmbgaïe`gn, +; @nrgsjn? Fs Piurs sàf fsbêcmrms m vgeancfrms cn rnán Crfw.

• @rgnturn jçcgn? `fjf `rgnturns jçcgns, fsCrfw eàf rm`mkmj kóeus fu pmenbgcncmspfr tnjneif.

• Cmsbf`njmetf? 7 jmtrfs / >9 jmtrfs vóf.• Jnagns? Piurs sàf gjuems n jnagns m

mhmgtfs cm sfef m rm`mkmj +; cm kóeusrn`gnb efs tmstms cm rmsgstïe`gn `fetrnjnagns m mhmgtfs cm me`netnjmetf. Mssmkóeus ç ncg`gfenb, nbçj cf kóeus cm +; cm

rmsgstïe`gn efs tmstms cm vfetncm `fetrnjnagn m mhmgtfs sgjgbnrms n jnagn.

• [msgstïe`gn? nf hrgf, hfaf m î`gcf (;4).• [msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn? >> + Eêvmb cm

pmrsfenamj.•

Inkgbgcncms sgjgbnrms n jnagn? Pmjbgjgtm ‐ Msùrgcàf >/cgn ‐ abfkfs cm buz,hfaf cns hncns m hbmìn î`gcn cm jmbh .Mssns inkgbgcncms sàf gcïetg`ns äs jnagns`feourncns pfr uj hmgtg`mgrf cm eêvmbmqugvnbmetm nf eêvmb cm pmrsfenamj cfPiur.

• Smbmpntgn? Fs Piur sm `fjueg`njtmbmpntg`njmetm `fj qunbqumr `rgnturn qumpfssun ujn bêeaun m qum mstmon cmetrf cfnb`ne`m cm 04 jmtrfs.

• Tmrê`gns? Fs Piur rm`mkmj +; cm kóeusmj Kbmhnr, Ms`fecmr-sm, Fuvgr, Fksmrvnr mTrfùrnr.

• Xgsàf ef msùrf? fs Piur pfcmj vmr enmsùrgcàf jngs prfhuecn m efs emarujmscfs snbýms suktmrrëemfs cm sun tmrrn entnb.N inkgbgcncm cm mexmranr ef msùrfnb`neán 08 jmtrfs.

• @maumgrn sfk buz getmesn? Mxpfsgáýmssÿkgtns n buzms getmesns (`fjf n buz sfbnrfu n jnagn buz cf cgn) `manj f Piurcurnetm ujn rfcncn. Nbçj cgssf, mbm sfhrm-> cm pmenbgcncm cm `grùestëe`gn mj tfcnsns ofancns cm ntnqum m tmstms cmrmsgstïe`gn mequnetf mstgvmr sfk ujn hfetmcm buz krgbinetm.

• Gcgfjns? Puktmrrëemf m Çbhg`f. Gcgfjns

ncg`gfengs? @fjuj, Crn`óeg`f, Neàf,Aefbb, Aefjf, Afkbge, Fr` m Smrrne.• Noustm cm Eêvmb? +0• @bnssm Hnvfrm`gcn? Aunrcgàf emarf. ]j

Piur jubtg`bnssm cms`fesgcmrn sun `bnssmhnvfrgtn pnrn cmtmrjgenr n pmenbgcncm cmmxpmrgïe`gn.

]rknj

Smjgcfs pfr smus pnrmetms afkbges mubtrnoncfs pfr smus jmstrms Crfw, uj ]rknj

ç f gesnef m hnbif `ruznjmetf metrm mssnsrnáns. Mssms mebfuqum`gcfs afkbgeðgcmsCrfws sàf jnetgcfs pmbns `nsns Crfwsnpmens pnrn metrmtmegjmetf. Mbms càfpçssgjfs ms`rnvfs m sàf `nðtg`fs cmjngspnrn pmrtme`mrmj nfs mxçr`gtfs cm qunbqumr`nsn. Ef metnetf, mbms mstàf cmvnstnecf nrnán jugtf cmprmssn, smjprm prfcuzgecf jngsurknjs `fj futrf cn jmsjn mspç`gm fu `fjafkbges.




Mssms iujneðgcms `negkngspmrnjkubnj nvgcnjmetm sfkrm ns quntrfpntns, jurjurnecf ef gcgfjn afkbge. Mbms`fesmrvnj n pmbm m f pfrtm hêsg`f cm suns`fetrnpnrtms Crfw, jns sàf prftukmrnetms m

vmrruafsfs, hrmqòmetmjmetm `fj hmrgcnsnkmrtns fu rnìncurns `fj sneaum mj smus`frpfs.

Tfu`ns cmssns `rgnturns sfkrmvgvmjtmjpf suhg`gmetm pnrn smrvgr n nbauj prfpðsgtfnfs Crfws, mx`mtf mj mspfrtms snearmetfsens nrmens fu smrmj usncfs `fjf kuìn cm`neiàf pnrn fs mxçr`gtfs cfs `bàs.

Jugtns sn`mrcftgsns Crfw usnj furknj pnrn n prîtg`n cm tfrturn mj suns`ëjnrns.

@nrn`tmrêstg`ns [n`gngs ]rknj• +3 cmstrmzn, -3 Pnkmcfrgn, -3 @nrgsjn?

]rknj sàf rîpgcfs m sug`gcns, prmhmrgecfjfrrmr pmbn `nusn n mbms `fehgncn cf qumpmbns jàfs cm smus jmstrms Crfw.

• @rgnturn Tmqumen? ]rknj rm`mkmj +> cmkóeus en @N m mj ofancns cm ntnqum,nbçj cm +3 efs tmstms cm Ms`fecmr-sm,jns prm`gsnj usnr nrjns jmefrms cf qumfs Iujnefs, m sun `npn`gcncm cm `nran çcm 0/3 cns `rgnturns cm tnjneif jçcgf.

• Cmsbf`njmetf? 7 j<• Tmrê`gns? ]rknj rm`mkmj +; cm kóeus efs

tmstms cm Fuvgr, Fksmrvnr m Trfùrnr.• Xgsàf ef msùrf? fs Piur pfcmj vmr en

msùrgcàf jngs prfhuecn m efs emarujms

cfs snbýms suktmrrëemfs cm sun tmrrn entnb.N inkgbgcncm cm mexmranr ef msùrfnb`neán 08 jmtrfs.

• @maumgrn sfk buz getmesn? Mxpfsgáýmssÿkgtns n buzms getmesns (`fjf n buz sfbnrfu n jnagn buz cf cgn) `manj f Piurcurnetm ujn rfcncn. Nbçj cgssf, mbm sfhrm-> cm pmenbgcncm cm `grùestëe`gn mj tfcnsns ofancns cm ntnqum m tmstms cmrmsgstïe`gn mequnetf mstgvmr sfk ujn hfetmcm buz krgbinetm.

• Gcgfjns? Puktmrrëemf m Afkbge. Gcgfjnsncg`gfengs? @fjuj, Crn`óeg`f, Neàf,Çbhg`f, Aefbb, Aefjf, Fr` m Smrrne.

•

Noustm cm Eêvmb? +4.• @bnssm Hnvfrm`gcn? Bncgef. ]j ]rknj

jubtg`bnssm cms`fesgcmrn sun `bnssmhnvfrgtn pnrn cmtmrjgenr n pmenbgcncm cmmxpmrgïe`gn.



Augn @fjpbmtf pnrn Crfws ;4

@BNPPMP CM T[MPSÊAGF

N sf`gmcncm Crfw ç ìmgn cm sf`gmcncms

sm`rmtns m frcmes cm hç `fe`mgtuncns. Pmaumnkngxf ujn njfstrn, ms`fbigcn metrm fsarupfs jngs `fjues nfs qungs fs Crfwpfcmj pmrtme`mr. Nbçj cmssms, ç `fjujme`fetrnr Crfws Nssnssgefs, AunrcgýmsEmarfs m Jmstrms cf @feim`gjmetf (vmon BJpnrn jngfrms gehfrjnáýms sfkrm mssns`bnssms cm prmstêagf).

PFBCNCF NCNJNESGEF

F sfbcncf ncnjnetgef ç n pmrhmgtn

`fjkgenáàf cn arnán nssnssgen Crfw m cnmeameifsgcncm jm`ëeg`n. Mssms sfbcncfssàf n trfpn cm mbgtm suprmjn. Tfu`fs cmssmstmjêvmgs aumrrmgrfs sàf me`fetrncfs mjpntrubin prðxgjfs n tmrrgtðrgfs ifstgs (mx`mtfmj snqums ä supmrhê`gm). F PfbcncfNcnjnetgef fcmgn buzms krgbinetms mem`mssgtnj cn rncgnáàf mjgtgcn pmbns`ëjnrns m `frrmcfrms Crfw pnrn hue`gfenr.Efrjnbjmetm usnj nrjnjmetf pmsncf mjsun mtmren butn `fetrn fs ifstgs inkgtnetms cfsuktmrrëemf.Cncf cm Xgcn? >c>4

Trç-rmqugsgtfsTnrn sm qunbghg`nr `fjf uj PfbcncfNcnjnetgef, f pmrsfenamj cmvm prmmeìmrfs smaugetms rmqugsgtfs?Smecïe`gn? Jnb (ûnbqumr)[nán? Crfw fu jmgf-CrfwKóeus Knsm cm Ntnqum? +8Mspm`gnb? F pmrsfenamj cmvm tmr nf jmefsuj jmjkrf jm`ëeg`f hue`gfenb (vmr pîagen34 pnrn jngfrms gehfrjnáýms sfkrm ns fpáýmscm jmjkrfs).

Tmrê`gns cm @bnssmNs pmrê`gns cm `bnssm cm uj sfbcncfncnjnetgef sàf? @fe`metrnáàf (@fes),Ms`fecmr-sm (Cms), Hurtgvgcncm (Cms),Fksmrvnr (Pnk), Fhê`gf (Get), Fuvgr (Pnk),Pnbtnr (Hfr), Pfkrmvgvïe`gn (Pnk), ]snr@frcns (Cms). Xmr @npêtubf 3? Tmrê`gns, efBgvrf cf Ofancfr pnrn cms`rgáàf cns pmrg`gns.

Tfetfs cm pmrê`gn pfr eêvmb? 3 + Jfcghg`ncfrcm Getmbgaïe`gn.

@nrn`tmrêstg`ns cn ̀ bnssm]snr nrjns/nrjncurns? F PfbcncfNcnjnetgef snkm usnr tfcns ns nrjnssgjpbms m `fjues m ns nrjncurns bmvms,jçcgns m pmsncns. Eftm qum usnr ujn nrjnjngs pmsncn cf qum ujn nrjncurn cm `furf`nusn pmenbgcncm ens pmrê`gns? Mqugbêkrgf,Ms`nbnr, Nrtm cn Huan, Ms`fecmr-sm, Pnbtnr,Hurtgvgcncm m N`rfkn`gn.

[msgstïe`gn Ncnjnetgen? ]j PfbcncfNcnjnetgef rm`mkm uj kóeus cm +; mj tfcfsfs tmstms cm rmsgstïe`gn pfr `ncn jmjkrf

nrtghg`gnb ef prgjmgrf eêvmb. Ef metnetf, sun [J`ng = pfetfs pfr jmjkrf nrtghg`gnb qum pfssugr.Mssm nujmetf en rmsgstïe`gn m rmcuáàf en[J ç `nusncf pmbns bgans cm ncnjnetgujusncns en `festruáàf cf jmjkrf nrtghg`gnb. Pmf jmjkrf hfr mxpfstf cgrmtnjmetm ä buz cf sfbfu ä jnagn Buz Pfbnr, f jmjkrf pfcm smrcmstruêcf (Hfrtgtucm @C ;4+> pfr turef cmmxpfsgáàf).

Kbfqumgf [mhbmxgvf? F Pfbcncf Ncnjnetgefrm`mkm f tnbmetf Kbfqumgf [mhbmxgvf `fjftnbmetf arîtgs qum eàf `fetn mj smu eÿjmrftftnb cm tnbmetfs.

Tueif cf Jnrtmbf? qunecf f PfbcncfNcnjnetgef ntgeagr `fj smu jmjkrfncnjnetgef, mbm `nusn uj cnef jîag`fncg`gfenb `fj f afbpm. Mbm sð pfcm usnr mstninkgbgcncm ujn vmz pfr cgn pnrn `ncn cfgseêvmgs en `bnssm (mxmjpbf? uj sfbcncfncnjnetgef cm =¿ eêvmb smrî `npnz cm usnr ninkgbgcncm 0 vmzms pfr cgn). Ef smauecf eêvmb,f cnef smrî +>c8 cm cnef jîag`f cm Hfrán.Ef 8¿ eêvmb, f cnef nujmetn pnrn 0c8 m =c8ef >4¿ eêvmb. F krnáf jm`ëeg`f cf sfbcncfncnjnetgef nprmsmetn uj krgbif rfxf qunecfmstn inkgbgcncm ç ntgvncn. N inkgbgcncm çusncn npmens sm f sfbcncf ntgeagr f nbvf fu`nsf pnssm uj eÿjmrf cm rfcncns gaunb nfsmu jfcghg`ncfr cm `festgtugáàf, f qum f`frrmrprgjmgrf. Mssn inkgbgcncm sfkrmenturnb sðpfcmr smr utgbgzncn ujn vmz pfr rfcncn.



Augn @fjpbmtf pnrn Crfws ;>

Snkmbn >->? Pfbcncf Ncnjnetgef

Eêvmb cm@bnssm

Kfeus Knsm cmNtnqum

Hfrt [mh Pnk Mspm`gnb

> +> +; +4 +4[msgstïe`gnNcnjnetgen,

Kbfqumgf[mhbmxgvf

; +; +0 +4 +4 Tueif cf Jnrtmbf+>c8

0 +0 +0 +> +> -----------

3 +3 +3 +> +> Nrjn cm Mexmrtf

= += +3 +> +> Krnáf-Msùcf

8 +8 += +; +; Tueif cf Jnrtmbf+0c8

1 +1 += +; +; Krnáf-Nrjn

9 +9 +8 +; +; Krnáf Tfcmrfsf

7 +7 +8 +0 +0 -----------

>4 +>4 +1 +0 +0 Tueif cf Jnrtmbf+=c8

Nrjn cm Mexmrtf? Ef 3¿ eêvmb, f sfbcncfncnjnetgef pfcm `fem`tnr qunbqumr nrjnkrne`n fu msùcf nf smu jmjkrf nrtghg`gnb.

Mssm mexmrtf bmvn ujn rfcncn pnrn `fjpbmtnr,curnetm n qunb f sfbcncf ncnjnetgef sðpfcmrî sm cmhmecmr. Mssn inkgbgcncm ç ntgvncnsgbme`gfsnjmetm pmbn vfetncm cf `nvnbmgrf msð pfcm smr getmrrfjpgcn `nsf f `nvnbmgrfhnbim mj uj tmstm cm @festgtugáàf (@C >=).ûnecf f mexmrtf mstgvmr `fjpbmtf, mbm eàfpfcmrî smr cmsnrjncf `nsf mexmrtm ujnnrjn fu pfcm usnr f tnbmetf kbfqumgf `fjmsùcf bgvrmjmetm sm tgvmr mexmrtncf ujmsùcf. Nrjns m msùcfs `fjues eàf

fhmrm`mj tmstms cm rmsgstïe`gn n mssninkgbgcncm. @fetucf, gtmes jîag`fs rmqumrmjuj tmstm cm rmsgstïe`gn cm Hfrtgtucm (@C >=)

fu mstm gtmj eàf pfcmrî smr mexmrtncf nfsfbcncf. Pm n rmsgstïe`gn cf gtmj hnbinr, fsfbcncf pfcmrî mexmrtî-bf smj jngfrmsprfkbmjns.

Krnáf-Msùcf? Ef =¿ eêvmb, f sfbcncfncnjnetgef ç `npnz cm jucnr n hfrjn cfkrnáf nrtghg`gnb mj uj pmqumef msùcf. Mssntrneshfrjnáàf bmvn ujn rfcncn m f`frrm cmn`frcf `fj n vfetncm cf `nvnbmgrf. F krnáfmetàf nam `fjf uj msùcf cm ncnjnetm



Augn @fjpbmtf pnrn Crfws ;;

pmqumef, `fe`mcmecf +; cm kóeus en `bnssmcm nrjncurn. F sfbcncf anein ngecn fstnbmetfs cmsvgnr hbmìns m kbfqumgf `fjmsùcf mequnetf f jmjkrf mstgvmr en hfrjncm msùcf. F jmjkrf trneshfrjncf mj

msùcf eàf pfcmrî jneusmnr nrjns fusmaurnr futrn nrjn. ûnbqumr fkomtf qummstmon smecf `nrrmancf pmbf krnáf qunecfmstm sm trneshfrjnr smrî nutfjntg`njmetmcmrrukncf. Srneshfrjnr f krnáf cm vfbtn nfefrjnb bmvn ujn rfcncn (pfrtnetf, npmensnáýms cmhmesgvns pfcmj smr rmnbgzncnscurnetm f prf`mssf). Mssn inkgbgcncm ç`fesgcmrncn ujn inkgbgcncm sfkrmenturnb.

Krnáf-Nrjn? Ef 1¿ eêvmb, uj sfbcncfncnjnetgef pfcm trneshfrjnr smu krnáf mjqunbqumr nrjn en qunb mbm smon prfhg`gmetm.Mssn nrjn ç `fesgcmrncn ujn nrjn jîag`n m`fe`mcm +; cm kóeus cm nprgjfrnjmetf. Bmvnujn rfcncn pnrn trneshfrjnr f krnáf en nrjnfu rmvmrtmr mj krnáf efvnjmetm. Npmensnáýms cmhmesgvns pfcmj smr rmnbgzncnscurnetm f prf`mssf.

Krnáf Tfcmrfsf? Ef 9¿ eêvmb, f sfbcncfncnjnetgef pfcm `nenbgznr n rncgnáàf enturnbcf njkgmetm suktmrrëemf ntrnvçs cm smu krnáfnrtghg`gnb. Mssn `nenbgznáàf rmsubtn mj uj`fem cm hfrán jîag`n cm 08 jmtrfs,

tmrjgenecf mj ujn nkmrturn cm 0 jmtrfs cmcgëjmtrf. Mssn hfrán jîag`n `nusn 9c8 cmcnef +>c8 pfr pfetf cm jfcghg`ncfr cm`festgtugáàf (sm ifuvmr). Mstn inkgbgcncmsfkrmenturnb pfcm smr utgbgzncn ujn vmz pfrcgn pfr pfetf cm kóeus cm `festgtugáàf m eàfjngs cf qum ujn vmz pfr rfcncn. Ç`fesgcmrncn ujn náàf cm ntnqum tftnb m amrnntnqums cm fpfrtuegcncm. N inkgbgcncm çcgspnrncn npmens pmbn vfetncm cf sfbcncfncnjnetgef.

Eftn Mspm`gnb? Iî cgvmrsns vnrgnáýms cmssn`bnssm cm prmstêagf metrm ns rnáns `fes`gmetms

cf juecf. Fs Neýms tïj fs arnecmsAumrrmgrfs cm Jgtirnb< fs Mbhfs cn supmrhê`gmpfssumj fs @náncfrms cn Hbfrmstn Pfjkrgn<ntç jmsjf fs hmrfzms Fr`s pfssumj fstmrrêvmgs Tueifs cn Tmcrn cm Pneaum. Fmssme`gnb cn `bnssm cm prmstêagf eàf sm nbtmrn.Ef metnetf, `nkm nf enrrncfr cmtmrjgenr`fjf n inkgbgcncm [msgstïe`gn Ncnjnetgen grîhue`gfenr mj `ncn uj cmssms `nsfs.

Crugcn Pnearmetf(Xnrgnáàf cn `bnssm Crugcn)

Ens prfhuecmzns cns metrneins cn tmrrn vgvmujn smgtn njnbcgáfncfs Crfws Crugcns,prfgkgcfs pmbn mtmregcncm cm necnrmj sfk nbuz m cf nr purf cn supmrhê`gm. Mbms `fespgrnjm cmgxnj sun rngvn hmrvmr `fjf uj `ëe`mrsupurfsf ef `frnáàf cf suktmrrëemf. ûnecfiî n em`mssgcncm cm `fevf`nr mssnspmrvmrsýms fksùrns cf juecf enturnb pnrnnoucnr en cmhmsn cns `fjuegcncms Crfw, ç`fjf sm n prðprgn tmrrn fs vfjgtnssmarfssmgrnjmetm pnrn n kntnbin. En sf`gmcncmCrfw, fs Crugcns Pnearmetfs sàf jmstrmscgpbfjntns, nssnssgefs sm`rmtfs mem`rfjnetms ameuêefs. Aneinr n grn cm ujCrugcn snearmetf ç tfbg`m< aneinr n grn cm ujn`fe`bnvm ç n jfrtm.

Crugcns Pnearmetfs pfssumj ns smaugetmsmstntêstg`ns cm ofaf?

Inkgbgcncms? @fjf sàf cgpbfjntns m`fesmbimgrfs, uj kfj vnbfr mj @nrgsjn m mjGetmbgaïe`gn pfcmj noucnr f Crugcn ef cgn ncgn.




Smecïe`gn? Sfcf Crugcn Pnearmetf ç Emutrf mJnu. Pm smu Smecïe`gn jucnr, mbm pmrcmtfcns ns suns inkgbgcncms m eàf pfcmrî bneánrjnagns ntç qum `fesgan rmstnurnr f Smecïe`gn.

Tmrê`gns cm @bnssmNs pmrê`gns cm `bnssm cm uj Crugcn Pnearmetf(m suns inkgbgcncms ìnvm) sàf? NcmstrnrNegjngs (@nr), @fe`metrnáàf (@fe),@feim`gjmetf (qunbqumr) (Get), @urn (Pnk),Cgpbfjn`gn (@nr), Ms`nbnr (Hfr), Hurtgvgcncm(Cms), Gcmetghg`nr Jnagn (Get), Entnáàf (Hfr),Fhê`gfs (Nbqugjgn) (Get), Fuvgr (Pnk), Trfùrnr(Get), Trfhgssàf (Pnk), Pfkrmvgvïe`gn (Pnk).Xmon `npêtubf 3? Tmrê`gns ef Bgvrf cf Ofancfrpnrn cms`rgáàf cns pmrê`gns.

Tfetfs cm Tmrê`gn ef prgjmgrf eêvmb? (3 +

Jfcghg`ncfr cm Getmbgaïe`gn) x3Tfetfs cm Tmrê`gn pfr eêvmb? 3 + Jfcghg`ncfrcm Getmbgaïe`gn.

@nrn`tmrêstg`ns cn `bnssm

]snr nrjns m nrjncurns? CrugcnsPnearmetfs snkmj usnr tfcns ns nrjnssgjpbms. Mbms eàf snkmj usnr qunbqumr tgpfcm nrjncurn fu msùcf. Nrjncurns cmqunbqumr tgpf getmrhmrmj en inkgbgcncm cm`feournr jnagns cf Crugcn Pnearmetf, f qumpfcm hnzmr `fj qum hnbimj (sm mssns jnagnstgvmrmj ̀ fjpfemetms sfjîtg`fs).

Jnagns? uj Crugcn Pnearmetf `feourn jnagnscgvgens, nssgj `fjf f Crugcn `fjuj. Mbmcmvm prmpnrnr suns jnagns cm n`frcf `fj nbgstn cm jnagns (vmon nkngxf), `fesgcmrnecfqum mbm pfssn `feournr ns jnagns cnqumbmeêvmb. Mbm prmpnrn m `feourn jnagns cn jmsjnhfrjn qum uj Crugcn. Tnrn nprmecmr fuprmpnrnr ujn jnagn, f Crugcn Pnearmetf cmvmtmr uj vnbfr cm Pnkmcfrgn cm pmbf jmefs>4+eêvmb cn jnagn. N @C cf Smstm cm[msgstïe`gn cns jnagns cf Crugcn Pnearmetfç >4 + eêvmb cm jnagn + jfcghg`ncfr cmPnkmcfrgn. Ns jnagns mxtrns cfs CrugcnsPnearmetfs sàf `nbùbncns pmbf vnbfr cmPnkmcfrgn. Cmvgcf ä bgstn ÿeg`n cm jnagns cfCrugcn Pnearmetf m nf smu iîkgtnt, mbms sàfprfgkgcfs cm usnr qunbqumr jnagn mequnetfutgbgznrmj nrjncurn. ]snr ujn nrjncurnnujmetn ns ìne`ms cm sm pmrcmr ujn jnagn.Ç cmvgcf ä ìne`m cm hnbin nr`nen qum ujJnaf fu Hmgtg`mgrf rgvnbgznj m rmsubtnj enbgstnamj cm pmenbgcncms pfr usf cmnrjncurns. F eÿjmrf cm jnagns pfr cgn cm

uj Crugcn Pnearmetf ç gaunb nf smu eêvmb cm`feourncfr cgvgef + eêvmb cm Crugcn Pnearmetf(`fjf en tnkmbn >-;? Crugcn Pnearmetf).

Cncf cm vgcn? >c9

[gtunb cm @fjprfjgssf? ûnecf f pmrêfcfcm nprmecgzncf cf Crugcn snearmetf smme`mrrn, f jmstrm qum f mesgefu f fkrgan njntnr f prðprgf `fjpneimgrf negjnb.Mequnetf f sneaum qumetm cf `fjpneimgrfnegjnb ms`frrm pmbns jàfs cf Crugcnsnearmetf, f `necgcntf rfan ä cmusn Crfw@frgti pfr sun kïeáàf. Mssn kïeáàf rm`ng enhfrjn cn `fjpneign negjnb cf Crugcnrmtfrenecf cfs jfrtfs, gjkuêcn cm pfcmrmsgehmrengs (vmr @fjpneimgrfs Cgnkðbg`fs pnrnjngfrms gehfrjnáýms).

Hfrjn Pfjkrgn? Ef eêvmb ;, uj CrugcnPnearmetf anein n inkgbgcncm sgjgbnr n jnagnJmtnjfrhfsm pnrn uj negjnb cm tnjneifpmqumef fu jçcgf m rmtfren nf frgagenb `fjfn inkgbgcncm Hfrjn Pmbvnamj cfs Crugcns.Crugcns Pnearmetfs pfcmj usnr mstninkgbgcncm jngs vmzms pfr cgn ef 0¿, 3¿, 1¿ m 9¿eêvmgs. Nbçj cgssf, mbm anein n inkgbgcncm cmnssujgr n hfrjn cm negjngs ntrfzms >x / cgn ef=¿ eêvmb.Ef >4¿ eêvmb, f Crugcn anein n inkgbgcncm cmsm trneshfrjnr mj ujn `rgnturn pmqumen,jçcgn fu ntrfz, nbçj cm gjkugr f jfcmbfnkgssnb n mssms negjngs (vmon f Bgvrf cfsJfestrfs pnrn jfcmbf cm `rgnturns nkgssngs) mrmtfrenr ä sun hfrjn frgagenb >/cgn. Mequnetfmstgvmr mj sun hfrjn nkgssnb, f Crugcn aneinf usf cns inkgbgcncms efrjnbjmetmnssf`gncns ä `rgnturn, Getmbgaïe`gn mPnkmcfrgn.

Gjuegcncm n vmemefs? Ef eêvmb 8, CrugcnsPnearmetfs tfrenj-sm tftnbjmetm gjuems ntfcfs fs vmemefs enturngs, gecustrgngs mjîag`fs, tfxgens m crfans. Gssf sm cî cmvgcfnf getrêesm`f rmbn`gfenjmetf cf Crugcn `fjtfcfs fs tgpfs cm vmemef, sun `rgnáàf mutgbgznáàf.

[msgstïe`gn nf hfaf m n tmrrn? Ef eêvmb 7, fCrugcn Pnearmetf ncqugrm rmsgstïe`gn nf hfaf,î`gcf m tmrrn (;4).

Jfcmbf Geg`gnb cm Crugcn Pnearmetf

Nrjncurn? EmeiujnNrjns? @bnvn (>c8, @rgt. x;, 0j, >,=la,Jçcgf, @feùssàf)




Tfetfs cm Tmrê`gn? Ms`fbin uj eÿjmrf cmpmrê`gns gaunb n 3 + jfcghg`ncfr cmgetmbgaïe`gn.Snbmetf? Trfetgcàf@nran? Jf`igbn, `netgb, rnáàf cm vgnamj (>

cgn), sn`f cm cfrjgr, sn`fbn, cgvmrsfs`faujmbfs m hueafs.Furf? >c8 T.F.



Augn @fjpbmtf pnrn Crfws ;=

Snkmbn >-;? Snkmbn cm Trfarmssàf cf Crugcn Pnearmetf

Eêvmbcm

@bnssm

KóeusKnsm cmNtnqum

Hfrtgtucm [mhbmxf Xfetncm Mspm`gnbJnagns pfr Cgn

4 > ; 0 3 = 8 1 9 7

> ¿ +4 +; +4 +;

Pmesf cnenturmzn,

`fjpneimgrfnegjnb

0 > - - - - - - - -

; ¿ +> +0 +4 +0[gtunb cm

@fjprfjgssf 3 ; - - - - - - - -

0 ¿ +; +0 +> +0 [nstrfGevgsêvmb 3 ; > - - - - - - -

3 ¿ +0 +3 +> +3[msgstgr nf

`injncf cnenturmzn

= 0 ; - - - - - - -

= ¿ +0 +3 +> +3Hfrjn

Pfjkrgn(>/Cgn)

= 0 ; > - - - - - -

8 ¿ +3 += +; +=

Hfrjn

Pfjkrgn(;/Cgn) = 0 0 ; - - - - - -

1 ¿ += += +; +=Hfrjn

Pfjkrgn(0/Cgn)

8 3 0 ; > - - - - -

9 ¿ +8/+> +8 +; +8Hfrjn

Pfjkrgn(Arnecm)

8 3 0 0 ; - - - - -

7 ¿ +8/+> +8 +0 +8 Gjuegcncm nXmemefs 8 3 3 0 ; > - - - -

>4 ¿ +1/+; +1 +0 +1Hfrjn

Pfjkrgn(3/Cgn)

8 3 3 0 0 ; - - - -

>> ¿ +9/+0 +1 +0 +1Hfrjn

Pfjkrgn(Jgeÿs`ubn)

8 3 3 0 0 ; - - - -

>; ¿ +7/+3 +9 +3 +9Hfrjn

Pfjkrgn(Ntrfz)

8 = 3 3 0 0 ; - - -

>0 ¿ +7/+3 +9 +3 +9 Ns Jgb Hn`ms 8 = = 3 3 0 ; > - -

>3 ¿ +>4/+= +7 +3 +7Hfrjn

Pfjkrgn(=/Cgn)

8 = = 3 3 0 0 ; - -

>= ¿ +>>/+8/+> +7 += +7

HfrjnPfjkrgn(Gjmesn),

@frpf Mtmref

8 = = = 3 3 0 ; > -

>8 ¿ +>;/+1/+; +>4 += +>4

HfrjnPfjkrgn

(Mxtrnpbnenr>/Cgn)

8 = = = 3 3 0 0 ; -

>1 ¿ +>;/+1/+; +>4 += +>4 8 = = = = 3 3 0 ; >

>9 ¿ +>0/+9/+0 +>> +8 +>>

HfrjnPfjkrgn(8/Cgn),

Mxtrnpbnenr(0/cgn)

8 = = = = 3 3 0 0 ;

>7 ¿ +>3/+7/+3 +>> +8 +>> [msgstïe`gn nhfaf m tmrrn 8 = = = = = 3 3 0 0

;4 ¿ +>=/+>4/+= +>; +8 +>; - 8 = = = = = 3 3 3 3




BËJGEN PFJK[GN

Fs Bëjgens Pfjkrgns sàf n ÿbtgjn`fjkgenáàf metrm n megajîtg`n nrtm cnssfjkrns m cfs nssnssgefs. Fs Crfws utgbgznjmssn trfpn cm mbgtm efs mxçr`gtfs cm sunshnjêbgns pnrn mbgjgenr mstruturns cm `fjnecfgegjgans, hrmqumetmjmetm pmrjgtgecf qum smusnametms gehgbtrmj-sm ens hnjêbgns rgvngs mjrm`feim`gjmetf pfr nefs. Fs BëjgensPfjkrgns jngs sîkgfs nprmecmrnj n smrjmr`meîrgfs m nprmecmrnj fs `njgeifs cfsukjuecf `fjf egeauçj jngs. Mbms`fetrfbnj ns sfjkrns cns vgmbns Crfw m`fetrfbnj fs km`fs cgshfrjms qum bmvnj nsmus tmrrgtðrgfs. ûnecf n em`mssgcncm cm

cmrrftnr uj gegjgaf mstrneamgrf cm ujn `gcncmCrfw suram, f Bëjgen Pfjkrgn ç f prgjmgrf nmetrnr mj kntnbin m f ÿbtgjf n sngr.Fs Crfws eàf sàf n ÿeg`n rnán n `fevf`nr fpfcmr cmssms nssnssgefs. [náns tnetf cnsupmrhê`gm qunetf cf suktmrrëemf oî utgbgznrnjsmu pfcmr pnrn jucnr f ùrsf cn igstðrgn cmujn enáàf. Mssms Crfw mesgenrnj sunsinkgbgcncms n nbgncfs `fehgîvmgs, `rgnecf ujngrjnecncm cns sfjkrns qum rm`fkrm fs`netfs sfjkrgfs nf rmcfr cf juecf.

Cncf cm Xgcn? >c8

Trç-[mqugsgtfs

Tnrn sm qunbghg`nr `fjf uj Bëjgen Pfjkrgn,f pmrsfenamj cmvm prmmeìmr fs smaugetms`rgtçrgfs?

Smecïe`gn? Emutrf m Kfj, Bmnb m Emutrf,Emutrf, @nðtg`f m Emutrf fu Emutrf m Jnu.Kóeus Knsm cm Ntnqum? +=Tmrê`gns? 1 arncunáýms mj Kbmhnr, 1arncunáýms mj Pmetgr Jftgvnáàf m 1arncunáýms mj Pfkrmvgvïe`gn.Snbmetf? [nstrmnr

Tmrê`gns cm `bnssm

Ns pmrê`gns cm `bnssm cm uj Bëjgen Pfjkrgn(m ns inkgbgcncms-ìnvm cm `ncn ujn) sàf?Kbmhnr (@nr), @feim`gjmetf (Nentfjgn) (Get),Cm`ghrnr Ms`rgtn (Get), Cgpbfjn`gn (@nr),Cgshnr`m (@nr), Mqugbêkrgf (Cms), Ms`nbnr (Hfr),Hnbsghg`náàf (Get), Hurtgvgcncm (Cms), Getgjgcnr(@nr), Entnáàf (Hfr), Fktmr Gehfrjnáàf (@nr),Fhê`gfs (Get), Fpmrnr Jm`negsjf (Get), Fuvgr(Pnk), Trmstgcgagtnáàf (Cms), Trfùrnr (Get),

Pnbtnr (Hfr), Pmetgr Jftgvnáàf (Pnk),Pfkrmvgvïe`gn (Pnk), ]snr @frcns (Cms).

Xmon ef Bgvrf cf Ofancfr pnrn cms`rgáàf cns

pmrê`gns.Tfetfs cm pmrê`gn pfr eêvmb? 3+jfcghg`ncfrcm getmbgaïe`gn.

Inkgbgcncms cm ̀ bnssm

]snr nrjns m nrjncurns? FsBëjgens Pfjkrgns hf`nj smu trmgef mj nrjnsqum pfcmj smr hn`gbjmetm fùbtncns mutgbgzncns mj ntnqums hurtgvfs. Mbms snkmjusnr kmstns bmvm fu cm jàf, ncnans, cnrcfs,hbfrmtm, pfrrmtm, nr`f ùrtf sgjpbms m `fjpfstfm mspncns ùrtns. Pnkmj utgbgznr tfcns ns

nrjncurns bmvms, jns eàf msùcfs.Jnagns? N pnrtgr cf prgjmgrf eêvmb, fBëjgen Pfjkrgn ç `npnz cm `feournr ujpmqumef eÿjmrf cm jnagns nr`nens. Tnrn`feournr ujn jnagn, f pmrsfenamj cmvmpfssugr uj vnbfr cm getmbgaïe`gn gaunb n >4 +eêvmb cm jnagn. Tmrsfenames `fj getmbgaïe`gn>4 fu gehmrgfr smrî ge`npnz cm bneánr jnagns.Ns jnagns kóeus cf Bëjgen Pfjkrgn sàfcmhgegcns pmbn getmbgaïe`gn m f tmstm cmrmsgstïe`gn ç >4 + eêvmb cm jnagn +jfcghg`ncfr cm getmbgaïe`gn (sm ifuvmr).ûnecf f pmrsfenamj ncqugrgr 4 jnagns cmuj `mrtf eêvmb, qumr cgzmr qum sð pfcmrîbneánr ns jnagns kóeus. ]j Bëjgen Pfjkrgnsmj jnagns cm kóeus eàf pfcmrî bneáî-bns.Pmaum nkngxf n bgstn cm jnagns. ]jpmrsfenamj bëjgen emarn prmpnrn jnagns`fjf uj jnaf.

N`mrtf @rêtg`f? Ef =¿ eêvmb, fpmrsfenamj ncqugrm tftnb cfjêegf sfkrm ninkgbgcncm cm ntgeagr f pfetf vgtnb mj sunsvêtgjns. Pmu jubtgpbg`ncfr nujmetn mj > (pfrmxmjpbf, uj n`mrtf `rêtg`f `fj ujn mspncnbfean, qum efrjnbjmetm tmj smu ge`rmjmetfcm`gsgvf x;, nujmetn smu cm`gsgvf pnrn x0`fj mssn inkgbgcncm).

Ntnqum Hurtgvf? @nsf f nbvf cfBëjgen Pfjkrgn vmein n pmrcmr smu kóeus cmcmstrmzn en @N (tmecf mbm fu eàf ujjfcghg`ncfr cm cmstrmzn qum cï f kóeus), fpmrsfenamj `nusn +>c8 cm cnef mxtrn ävêtgjn. Mssm cnef nujmetn pnrn +;c8 efqunrtf eêvmb, +0c8 ef smxtf eêvmb, +3c8 effgtnvf m +=c8 ef cç`gjf eêvmb. Ef `nsf cm ujn`mrtf `rêtg`f, f cnef cf ntnqum hurtgvf eàf çjubtgpbg`ncf. Ç prm`gsf `fe`metrnáàf mprm`gsàf pnrn ntgeagr uj pfetf vgtnb, pfrtnetfntnqums hurtgvfs ä cgstëe`gn sð smràf mhg`nzms




sm f nbvf mstgvmr n jmefs cm 7 jmtrfs cmcgstëe`gn. @fj uj pfrrmtm fu ntrnvçs cmntnqums cmsnrjncfs, f Bëjgen Pfjkrgn pfcmrmnbgznr uj ntnqum ge`npn`gtnetm nf gevçs cmcnef efrjnb. Mbm eàf pfcm usnr ujn nrjn

pnrn `nusnr mssm cnef curnetm uj ntnqumhurtgvf (jmsjf sfk n pmenbgcncm cm -3) cmvgcfä em`mssgcncm cm npmrhmgáfnr f usf cn nrjnpnrn rmnbgznr f ntnqum hurtgvf. ]j BëjgenPfjkrgn sð pfcm rmnbgznr ntnqums hurtgvfs`fetrn `rgnturns vgvns qum pfssunj nentfjgn`fjprmmesêvmb ‐ jfrtfs-vgvfs, `festrutfs,pbnetns, bgjfs m `rgnturns ge`frpðrmns eàfpfssumj îrmns vgtngs pnrn smrmj ntgeagcns.Sfcn `rgnturn gjuem n su`mssfs cm`gsgvfstnjkçj ç gjuem n ntnqums hurtgvfs. Nbçjcgssf, f Bëjgen Pfjkrgn cmvm smr `npnz cmmexmranr f nbvf kmj f suhg`gmetm pnrnme`fetrnr uj pfetf vgtnb m smr `npnz cm ntgeag-

bf. F pmrsfenamj eàf pfcmrî rmnbgznr ujntnqum hurtgvf mj ujn `rgnturn qum mstmonme`fkmrtn fu prftmagcn fu ntgeagecf fsjmjkrfs cm ujn vêtgjn ùofs pfetfs vgtngsmstàf prftmagcfs. @nsf f pmrsfenamj ncqugrnuj kóeus ef ntnqum hurtgvf frguecf cmqunbqumr futrn hfetm (`fjf pfr eêvmgs cmbncgef), fs kóeus sm nùjubnj.

Ntnqum Ge`npn`gtnetm? ûnecf fBëjgen Pfjkrgn `nusnr cnef n uj fpfemetmntrnvçs cm uj Ntnqum Hurtgvf, f nbvf rm`mkm >pfetf cm cnef en Hfrán.

Mspm`gnbgznáàf mj Nrjn? Nf ntgeagrf 1¿ eêvmb, f pmrsfenamj rm`mkm f tnbmetfMspm`gnbgznáàf mj Nrjn. Mstm tnbmetfnujmetn f cnef `nusncf `fj nqumbn nrjnmj +;. F pmrsfenamj eàf prm`gsn cf tnbmetfHf`f mj Nrjn pnrn usnr mstn inkgbgcncm. Pm nnrjn hfr ujn nrjn cm ntnqum ä cgstëe`gn, fcnef sð sm npbg`n sm f nbvf mstgvmr n jmefscm 7 jmtrfs cm cgstëe`gn, pfgs npmens n mssncgstëe`gn f pmrsfenamj tmrî prm`gsàfsuhg`gmetm pnrn rmnbgznr f ntnqum cm hfrjnjngs mhg`nz.

Msqugvn Pfkrmenturnb? N pnrtgr cfeêvmb 0, f Bëjgen Pfjkrgn jnetçj smu kóeuscm Cmstrmzn en @bnssm cm Nrjncurn (`nsfinon) sm hfr surprmmecgcf fu sm f ntn`netm hfrgevgsêvmb. N pnrtgr cf eêvmb 8, f pmrsfenamj eàfpfcmrî jngs smr hbnequmncf. ]j bncgef cm 3¿eêvmb fu jngs ngecn pfcmrî hbnequmnr.

Mvnsàf? @nsf uj Bëjgen Pfjkrgnsmon kmj su`mcgcf mj uj tmstm cm [mhbmxf`fetrn uj ntnqum, mbm eàf rm`mkmrî cnefnbauj, nf gevçs cm jmtncm cf cnefefrjnbjmetm `nusncf mj uj tmstm kmjsu`mcgcf cmstm tgpf. N Mvnsàf sð pfcmrî smrutgbgzncn `nsf f Bëjgen Pfjkrgn mstmon

usnecf nrjncurns bmvms fu mstmon smjnrjncurn.

Mvnsàf Nprgjfrncn? mssm tnbmetfmxtrnfrcgeîrgf ç ncqugrgcf ef 7¿ eêvmb mhue`gfen `fjf n mvnsàf. F pmrsfenamj eàf

rm`mkm cnef `nsf smon kmj su`mcgcf mj ujtmstm cm [mhbmxfs m sð rm`mkm n jmtncm cfcnef `nsf hnbim (sm f pmrsfenamj tgvmr `fjfsngr cn cgrmáàf cf ntnqum `fj ujn vmbf`gcncmsfkrmenturnb).

Hgetnr? F Tmrsfenamj pfcmcmsfrgmetnr smus gegjgafs `fj ujncmsbujkrnetm mxgkgáàf cm jnmstrgn mj`fjkntm. @fj uj tmstm kmj su`mcgcf mjKbmhnr, f pmrsfenamj pfcm hnzmr smu gegjgafn`rmcgtnr qum mbm ntn`nrî cm ujn cgrmáàf,mequnetf mbm en vmrcncm ntn`nrî pmbf futrf.@nsf smon kmj su`mcgcf, f pmrsfenamjncg`gfen smu eêvmb nf cnef `nusncf curnetm n

hgetn. N jnefkrn cmvm smr neue`gncn netms cnrfbnamj cm cncfs m ç `fesgcmrncn ujn náàfcm ntnqum tftnb.

Hbmìn Jfrtêhmrn? ûnecf f BëjgenPfjkrgn ntgeam f smauecf eêvmb, mbm ç `npnzcm rmnbgznr ntnqums hurtgvfs ä cgstëe`gn. Mssmsntnqums eàf sfhrmj jngs ns pmenbgcncms pfrcgstëe`gn m pfcmj smr hmgtfs `fj f nb`ne`mtftnb cn nrjn (nf gevçs cm npmens n jmefs cm7 jmtrfs).

Jnmstrgn mj @fjkntm? Nf ntgeagr feêvmb 0¿ m n `ncn ; eêvmgs (=¿, 1¿ m 7¿), fBëjgen Pfjkrgn pfcm ms`fbimr ujn cnsinkgbgcncms n smaugr?

Fpfrtuegstn? ]jn vmz pfr rfcncn, fpmrsfenamj pfcm hnzmr uj ntnqum cmfpfrtuegcncm `fetrn uj fpfemetm qum oîtmein sfhrgcf cnef mj `fjkntm pfr futrfpmrsfenamj. Mssm ntnqum `fetn `fjf ujntnqum cm fpfrtuegcncm cf pmrsfenamj emstnrfcncn. Jmsjf qum f pmrsfenamj pfssun ftnbmetf [mhbmxfs cm @fjkntm eàf pfcmrî usnrmssn inkgbgcncm jngs cm ujn vmz pfr rfcncn.

Tmr`mpáàf cm @fjkntm? Ef geê`gf cf`fjkntm, f pmrsfenamj cmvm ms`fbimr ujnbvf m hnzmr uj tmstm cm Pmetgr Jftgvnáàf (@Cgaunb nf ntnqum cf ncvmrsîrgf). @nsf smon kmjsu`mcgcf, f pmrsfenamj pfcm ncg`gfenr +> cmCmhbmxàf en @N n `ncn eêvmb. Npmens uj nbvfpfcm smr ms`fbigcf pfr rfcncn. Ef metnetf,mssm nbvf pfcm smr trf`ncf n `ncn rfcncn.

Pu`mssf Cm`gsgvf Nprgjfrncf? ûnecf f Bëjgen Pfjkrgn geg`gn sun `nrrmgrn,mbm ms`fbim ujn nrjn ä qunb grî sm cmvftnrcmstm pfetf mj cgnetm. N pnrtgr cm metàf, mbmrm`mkm f tnbmetf Pu`mssf Cm`gsgvf Nprgjfrncfen nrjn ms`fbigcn `fjf uj tnbmetf mxtrn qumeàf `fetn ef bgjgtm cm tnbmetfs cfpmrsfenamj. Mssn inkgbgcncm eàf sm nùjubn




`fj f tnbmetf pncràf Pu`mssf Cm`gsgvfNprgjfrncf, emj mxgam cf pmrsfenamj fsprç-rmqugsgtfs pnrn utgbgznr mssn inkgbgcncm.

Snbmetf? F pmrsfenamj pfcmsmbm`gfenr uj Snbmetf nf gevçs cm ujn

Inkgbgcncm Mspm`gnb.




Snkmbn >-0? Bëjgen Pfjkrgn Jnagns pfr cgn

Eêvmb

KóeusKnsm

cmNtnqum

Hfrtgtucm [mhbmxf Xfetncm Mspm`gnb > ; 0 3

> +4 +; +; +4Ntnqum hurtgvf +>c8,

Pu`mssf cm`gsgvfnprgjfrncf

4 - - -

; +> +0 +0 +4 Hbm`in Jfrtêhmrn,Mvnsàf > - - -

0 +; +0 +0 +>

Msqugvnsfkrmenturnb(cmstrmznen @N), jnmstrgn mj

`fjkntm

> 4 - -

3 +0 +3 +3 +> Ntnqum hurtgvf +;c8 > > 4 -

= +3 +3 +3 +>N`mrtf `rêtg`f,Jnmstrgn mj

@fjkntm; > > 4

8 += += += +;

Ntnqum Hurtgvf +0c8,Msqugvn Pfkrmenturnb

(eàf pfcm smrhbnequmncf)

; > > >

1 +8 += += +;Mspm`gnbgznáàf mjNrjn, Jnmstrgn mj

@fjkntm; ; > >

9 +1 +8 +8 +; Ntnqum hurtgvf +3c8 0 ; ; >

7 +9 +8 +8 +0Mvnsàf Nprgjfrncn,

Jnmstrgn mj@fjkntm

0 ; ; ;

>4 +7 +1 +1 +0 Ntnqum hurtgvf +=c8 0 0 ; ;




A]N[CGÀF

F Aunrcgàf ç uj Cmjóegf jmstrm. ûnecfujn `nsn Crfw em`mssgtn cm `fevf`nrcmjóegfs, mbms `bnjnràf pmbf Aunrcgàf.F `feim`gjmetf qum mstms pfssumj, tfrenj fCrfw uj ncvmrsîrgf hfrjgcîvmb, `fj ujnvfetncm cm hmrrf m uj arnecm mspêrgtf cmnvmeturn. Ns qumstýms cm cgsputns hnjgbgnrmsrnrnjmetm ge`fjfcnj f Aunrcgàf, ujn vmzqum ns Pn`mrcftgsns tmjmj suns inkgbgcncmscm utgbgznr fs inkgtnetms cfs pbnefs gehmrgfrms`fjf nbgncfs.Aunrcgýms pfcmj smr jnsùbgefs fuhmjgegefs. Mbms nprmecmj f smu fhê`gf mj`fe`gbgîkubfs sm`rmtfs, qum jntnj nqumbmsqum trnmj fs smus smarmcfs. Ns jntrgnr`ns msmus `fjpneimgrfs jngs `fehgîvmgs snkmj`fjf metrnr mj `fetntf `fj f Aunrcgàf, jnsrnrnjmetm snkmj n sun vmrcncmgrn gcmetgcncm.Mbms usnj sêjkfbfs megajîtg`fs, rgtfs netgafs,fu getmrjmcgîrgfs neóegjfs pnrn ìnjnr fAunrcgàf. Jugtns vmzms, mbms sgjpbmsjmetmpgetnj ujn ruen mspm`êhg`n nf bncf cm sun`nsn m naunrcnj qum f Aunrcgàf cmtm`tm-fsntrnvçs cm Xgcïe`gn.N `bnssm cm Aunrcgàf ç mxtrmjnjmetmpmrgafsn. Mxgam `fevf`nr m `fetrfbnr `rgnturnsqum sàf jngs cf qum `npnzms cm cmstrugr fAunrcgàf `fj npmens uj pmesnjmetf. Fjmefr mrrf pfcm ùstnr sun vgcn, oî uj mrrfjngs arnvm pfcm ùstnr n sun nbjn mtmren.Mstn ç ujn cns rnzýms pmbfs Aunrcgýms tmrmjtnetfs smarmcfs? Pð fs jngs qunbghg`ncfs sàfn`mgtfs mj suns hgbmgrns, m mbms cmvmj smjprmsm prftmamr `fetrn fs gegjgafs qum tmetnjsnkftnr n sun `fevf`náàf.

Cncf cm Xgcn? >c8.

Trç-[mqugsgtfs? Tnrn sm tfrenr uj Aunrcgàf,uj pmrsfenamj cmvm prmmeìmr fs smaugetms`rgtçrgfs?

Smecïe`gn? Bmnb m Jnu, Emutrf m Jnu fu

@nðtg`f m Jnu.[nán? Crftigr, Crfw, fu Jmgf-Crfw.Kóeus Knsm cm Ntnqum? +8Tmrê`gns? @feim`gjmetf (Nr`nef) 9arncunáýms, @feim`gjmetf ([mbgagàf) 9arncunáýms, @feim`gjmetf (Tbnefs) 9arncunáýms, Gcmetghg`nr Jnagn >4 arncunáýms.Snbmetfs? Cupbg`nr Gevf`náàf, Xfetncm cmHmrrf.@feournáàf? Inkgbgcncm cm `feournr jnagnscgvgens fu nr`nens cm eêvmb 0.

@nrn`tmrêstg`ns cm @bnssm

Tmrê`gns cm @bnssm? @fe`metrnáàf (@fe),Fhê`gfs (Get), @feim`gjmetf (Nr`nef) (Get),@feim`gjmetf ([mbgagàf) (Get), @feim`gjmetf(Tbnefs) (Get), Trfhgssàf (Pnk) m Gcmetghg`nrJnagn (Get).

Tfetfs cm Tmrê`gn n `ncn eêvmb? ; +jfcghg`ncfr cm Getmbgaïe`gn.

Nrjns m Nrjncurns? Aunrcgýms snkmj usnrtfcns ns nrjns sgjpbms. Jns eàf usnjnrjncurns fu msùcfs. Pm uj Aunrcgàf usnrujn nrjncurn fu uj msùcf cm qunbqumr tgpf,mbm pfcm sfhrmr Hnbin cm Jnagn Nr`nen.

Jnagns? N `ncn efvf eêvmb cm mxpmrgïe`gn, fAunrcgàf anein efvns jnagns pfr cgn, `fjfsm mbm ngecn mstgvmssm aneinecf uj eêvmb cmujn `bnssm `feourncfrn netmrgfr n `bnssm cmprmstêagf. Mbm eàf anein, ef metnetf, fskmemhê`gfs ncg`gfengs pfr eêvmb cn `bnssm cmpmrsfenamj. Gssf mhmtgvnjmetm n`rms`metn ujefvf eêvmb mj sun `bnssm cm `feourncfr, mjrmbnáàf äs jnagns cgîrgns pfr eêvmb cf`feourncfr.



Augn @fjpbmtf pnrn Crfws 0>

Snkmbn >-3? F Aunrcgàf

Eêvmb cm@bnssm

KóeusKnsm cm

Ntnqum

Hfrt [mh Xfe Mspm`gnb Jnagns pfr cgn

> +4 +4 +; +;@fjueiàf cfs

Njnbcgáfncfs, Bganáàf,Gevf`náàf Cmjfeên`n G

+> eêvmb cm`feourncfr

; +> +4 +0 +0Gevf`náàf Cmjfeên`n

GG+> eêvmb cm`feourncfr

0 +; +> +0 +0 Gevf`náàf Cmjfeên`nGGG


3 +0 +> +3 +3 Gevf`náàf Cmjfeên`nGX


= +0 +> +3 +3 Gevf`náàf Cmjfeên`nX, @fbimgtn cn Nbjn +> eêvmb cm`feourncfr

8 +3 +; += +=Gevf`náàf Cmjfeên`n

XG+> eêvmb cm`feourncfr

1 += +; += += Gevf`náàf Cmjfeên`nXGG


9 +8 +; +8 +8 Gevf`náàf Cmjfeên`nXGGG


7 +8 +0 +8 +8 Gevf`náàf Cmjfeên`nGY


>4 +1 +0 +1 +1 Kïeáàf cfs@fecmencfs +> eêvmb cm`feourncfr

@fjueiàf cfs Njnbcgáfncfs? N pnrtgr cfeêvmb >, f Aunrcgàf pfcm usnr n jnagn‒@fetntf Mxtrn-Tbnenr‚ (>/cgn), ef eêvmb 0(;/cgn), eêvmb = (0/cgn), eêvmb 1 (3/cgn) m eêvmb 7(=/cgn).

Bganáàf? N pnrtgr cf eêvmb >, f Aunrcgàf ç`npnz cm usnr vîrgns futrns jnagns cm hfrjnbgjgtncn.• Ef >¿ eêvmb, f Aunrcgàf pfcm usnr

‒Cfjgenr Jfestrf‚ (>/cgn) mj futrns `rgnturns.• Ef ;¿ eêvmb, f Aunrcgàf pfcm usnr"Pfef" (>/cgn) m ‒Cfjgenr Jfestrf‚ (;/cgn).• Ef 0¿ eêvmb, f Aunrcgàf pfcm usnr"Pfef" (;/cgn) m ‒Cfjgenr Jfestrf‚ (0/cgn).• Ef =¿ eêvmb, f Aunrcgàf pfcm usnr"Trgsàf" (>/cgn)< ‒Pfef‚ m ‒Cfjgenr Jfestrf‚(0/cgn).• Ef 1¿ eêvmb, f Aunrcgàf pfcm usnr"Jmtnjfrhfsm" (>/cgn)< ‒Trgsàf‚ (;/cgn)< ‒Pfef‚,

‒Cms`nesf Srnequgbf‚ m ‒Cfjgenr Jfestrf‚(0/cgn).• Hgenbjmetm, ef 7¿ eêvmb, mbm pfcm usnr"@fetgeaïe`gn" (>/cgn)< Jmtnjfrhfsm (;/cgn)<‒Trgsàf‚, ‒Pfef‚, ‒Cms`nesf Srnequgbf‚ m‒Cfjgenr Jfestrf‚ (0/cgn).

Gevf`náàf Cmjfeên`n? @fjmánecf ef > ¿eêvmb, f aunrcgàf pfcm mjprmanr suninkgbgcncm jngs pfcmrfsn, Gevf`náàf

Cmjfeên`n, ujn vmz pfr cgn.Cmvgcf nf @feim`gjmetf ([mbgagàf) qum tfcfsfs Aunrcgýms tmj sfkrm cmjóegfs, mbmspfcmj `bnssghg`nr n sun `npn`gcncm mj efvm`ntmafrgns cgstgetns, `fjf sm smaum?

• Gevf`náàf Cmjfeên`n G :5 pfcm gevf`nruj jfestrf cf tgpf Cmjóegf `fj 0 CX fujmefs.



Augn @fjpbmtf pnrn Crfws 0;

• Gevf`náàf Cmjfeên`n GG :5 pfcm gevf`nruj jfestrf cf tgpf Cmjóegf `fj 3-8 CX, fu>c0 Cmjóegfs cm ntç uj tftnb cm 0 CX.• Gevf`náàf Cmjfeên`n GGG :5 pfcm gevf`nruj jfestrf cf tgpf Cmjóegf `fj 1-9 CX, fu

>c0 Cmjóegfs cm ntç uj tftnb cm 8 CX.• Gevf`náàf Cmjfeên`n GX :5 pfcm gevf`nruj jfestrf cf tgpf Cmjóegf `fj 7->4 CX, fu>c3 cmjóegfs cm ntç uj tftnb cm 9 CX.• Gevf`náàf Cmjfeên`n X :5 pfcm gevf`nruj jfestrf cf tgpf Cmjóegf `fj >>->; CX,fu >c3 cmjóegfs cm ntç uj tftnb cm >4 CX.• Gevf`náàf Cmjfeên`n XG :5 pfcm gevf`nruj jfestrf cf tgpf Cmjóegf `fj >0->3 CX,fu >c8 cmjóegfs cm ntç uj tftnb cm >; CX.• Gevf`náàf Cmjfeên`n XGG :5 pfcm gevf`nruj jfestrf cf tgpf Cmjóegf `fj >=->8 CX,fu >c8 cmjóegfs cm ntç uj tftnb cm >3 CX.• Gevf`náàf Cmjfeên`n XGGG :5 pfcm gevf`nruj jfestrf cf tgpf Cmjóegf `fj >1->9 CX,fu >c9 cmjóegfs cm ntç uj tftnb cm >8 CX.• Gevf`náàf Cmjfeên`n GY :5 pfcm gevf`nruj jfestrf cf tgpf Cmjóegf `fj >7 CX, fu>c>4 cmjóegfs cm ntç uj tftnb cm >9 CX.

Mstn inkgbgcncm eàf cnrî nf Aunrcgàf f`fetrfbm sfkrm f cmjóegf, eàf f jnetmrî nsnbvf cm uj cmjóegf `fj rngvn, emj pmrjgtgrîn `fjueg`náàf vmrknb `nsf f Aunrcgàf oî eàfsngkn f gcgfjn cf cmjóegf. N curnáàf cngevf`náàf ç gaunb n uj cgn pfr eêvmb cmpmrsfenamj cf Aunrcgàf. Ef hgenb cmstmpmrêfcf, f cmjóegf ç mevgncf cm vfbtn nf smupbnef frgagenb cm mxgstïe`gn. Mssn inkgbgcncm

hue`gfen `fjf ns vîrgns jnagns cm jfestrfs,mj tfcfs fs futrfs nspm`tfs.

@fbimgtn cn Nbjn? Ef =¿ eêvmb, f Aunrcgàf ç`npnz cm sm uegr n nbjn cm uj cmjóegf

jmefr (3 CX fu jmefs) pnrn `rgnr uj eêvmb cmjnagn jngs pfcmrfsn. Gstf pfcm smr hmgtf ujnvmz pfr cgn, jns f cmjóegf eàf prm`gsn smnprmsmetnr. Mssn Inkgbgcncm smjprm smrî`fesgcmrncn ujn jnagn, gecmpmecmetmjmetmcfs suktgpfs mbm oî pfssn tmr (pfr mxmjpbf, ujAunrcgàf usn n sun @fbimgtn cn Nbjnmequnetf bneán Jàfs Hbnjmonetms, eàf sð`nusnrî cnef cm hfaf, f cnef smrî cfkrncf).@fj mstn jnagn, f Aunrcgàf anein uj kóeusef smu Smstm cm [msgstïe`gn gaunb nfs TXs cfcmjóegf. Xf`ï tnjkçj pfcm ncg`gfenr mstmjfcghg`ncfr nf eêvmb cm `feourncfr `fetrnrmsgstïe`gn ä jnagn. F eêvmb mhmtgvf cn jnagnusnecf mstm jçtfcf ç gaunb nf eêvmb cfAunrcgàf jngs f TX cf Cmjóegf.F cmjóegf utgbgzncf mj ujn @fbimgtn cn Nbjnç `fjpbmtnjmetm cmstruêcf m eue`n jngspfcmrî smr ̀ injncf efvnjmetm.

Kïeáàf cfs @fecmencfs? n Inkgbgcncm hgenbcf Aunrcgàf ç cm tfcn `fjprmmesàf cfjuecf cmjfeên`f. Mbm anein uj kóeus cm+>4 pnrn tfcf tmstm mj @feim`gjmetf([mbgagàf) m @feim`gjmetf (Nr`nef)mevfbvmecf cmjóegfs. Nbçj cmssn`npn`gcncm, mbm nafrn tmj += mj NrjncurnEnturnb m [mcuáàf cm Cnef >4/hrgf. Mbm anein+= cm kóeus mj [msgstïe`gn n Jnagn. Nafrnmbm tnjkçj pfcm `fjnecnr cmjóegfs fuhns`genr jfrtfs-vgvfs, `fjf uj `bçrgafjnbgaef, ntç 0 vmzms pfr cgn.

CMPNBJNCF

Fs Cmsnbjncfs sàf fs ncfrncfrms jngscmvftfs cm uj Cmus qum fs nknecfefu. Tfrrnzýms cms`feim`gcns pnrn mbms, mbms tïj`nêcf mj cmsarnán nfs fbifs cm suncgvgecncm. Eàf gjpfrtn f quàf cmvftncnjmetmrmznj, eàf gjpfrtn qunetfs arnecmsjfeujmetfs cm hç, mbms `festrfmj, eàfgjpfrtn ns nvmeturns bmecîrgns qum`fjpbmtnj, mbms hnzmj gssf smj f nuxêbgf cmsmu Cmus.Jns en tmetntgvn cm rmn`mecmr frm`feim`gjmetf cf smu Cmus, f cmsnbjncfcms`fkrgu nbaf. Pmu vmrcncmgrf pfcmr vmj cmcmetrf. Cm hn`tf, mbms eàf hfrnjnknecfencfs, mbms hfrnj tmstncfs. Nqumbmsqum sm tfrenrmj cmsnegjncfs fu rmssmetgcfs,




hnbinj ef tmstm. Nqumbms qum smaumj mjhrmetm, mj efjm cm smu Cmus, mvmetunbjmetm,me`fetrnj uj buanr prgvgbmagncf nf smu bncf.Ntç metàf, fs Cmsnbjncfs vnanj pmbfssuktmrrëemfs `fjf negjngs sug`gcns,

naunrcnecf f cgn mj qum mbms smonj jfrtfs m`npnzms cm cms`nesnr cf smu tfrjmetfjfrtnb. Mstms Crfws sàf pmrgafsfs, jmsjfpnrn fs pncrýms Crfws.Pmus pfcmrms oî eàf vïj cfs cmusms, jns npnrtgr cm ujn hfetm enturnb cmetrf cm sg, qum sðf Cmsnbjncf pnrm`m `fjprmmecmr.

Cncf cm Xgcn? >c9.

Trç-[mqugsgtfs? Tnrn sm tfrenr ujcmsnbjncf, uj pmrsfenamj cmvm prmmeìmrtfcfs fs `rgtçrgfs nkngxf.

Smecïe`gn? Bmnb m Jnu, Emutrf m Jnu fu@nðtg`f m Jnu.[nán? CrfwSnbmetfs? Kïeáàf cns SrmvnsJnagns? Inkgbgcncm cm `feournr jnagnscgvgens cm 0f eêvmb.Mspm`gnb? ]j pmrsfenamj Cmsnbjncf cmvmtmr pmrcgcf n hç mj smu Cmus cmpfgs cm tmrsgcf `fe`mcgcn n Kïeáàf cns Srmvns. Tfu`fsCrfws nb`neánj n Kïeáàf cns Srmvns, oî qummstm hnvfr cfs cmusms Crfw ç ujn `fgsnge`festnetm.Tnrn nqumbms pfu`fs qum `fesmaumjme`fetrnr n sun Kïeáàf, jnetï-bn emjsmjprm ç hî`gb. ]jn vmz qum f cmus pmrcm fgetmrmssm mj smu smaugcfr, eàf ç cghê`gb pnrn fsmaugcfr pmrcmr sun hç.Tmrê`gns cm @bnssm? @fe`metrnáàf (@fe),@feim`gjmetf (qunbqumr) (Get), @urn (Pnk),Cgpbfjn`gn (@nr), Ms`nbnr (Hfr), Ms`fecmr-sm(Cms), Hurtgvgcncm (Cms), Fksmrvnr (Pnk),Fhê`gfs (Get), Fuvgr (Pnk), Trfhgssàf (Pnk),Pfkrmvgvïe`gn (Pnk).Tfetfs cm Tmrê`gn n `ncn eêvmb? 3 +jfcghg`ncfr cm Getmbgaïe`gn.


Nrjns m Nrjncurns? pmrsfenames

Cmsnbjncfs snkmj usnr tfcns ns nrjns

sgjpbms. Mbms eàf snkmj usnr emeiuj tgpf cmnrjncurn, fu msùcf. Pm uj Cmsnbjncf usnrqunbqumr tgpf cm nrjncurn fu msùcf, mbm eàfpfcmrî usnr sun inkgbgcncm cm Huecgr Nbjn.

Jmbifrgn cn [msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn? pmrsfenames Cmsnbjncfs sàf jngsrmsgstmetms n jnagn qum futrfs Crfws. F Cmuscmbms fbin pnrn mssns `rgneáns `fj uj fbinrntmetf, `fehmrgecf-bims ujn jngfr[msgstïe`gn.Ef >¿ eêvmb, fs Cmsnbjncfs, aneinj ujkóeus cm +; mj [msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn. Mstmvnbfr nujmetn pnrn +3 ef =¿ eêvmb, m nujmetnefvnjmetm pnrn +9 ef 7¿ eêvmb.

Huecgr Nbjn? Efs eêvmgs ;, 3, 8 m 9, fsCmsnbjncfs aneinj n inkgbgcncm cm bneánrnbaujns jnagns cgvgens `fjf sm hfssmjinkgbgcncms enturngs sgjgbnrms ä jnagn. N `ncnnujmetf, ujn efvn bgstn ç ncqugrgcn pnrn usnrujn vmz pfr cgn, m uj usf ncg`gfenb pfr cgn cm`ncn arupf cm hmgtgáf netmrgfr ç ncqugrgcn. Tfrmxmjpbf, ef qunrtf eêvmb, mbms aneinj ninkgbgcncm cm bneánr Huecgr Nbjn GG (>/cgn), mpfcm bneánr Huecgr Nbjn G (;/cgn). Mssnsjnagns sàf bneáncns `fjf uj Hmgtg`mgrf bneánsuns jnagns. Emeiujn jmjfrgznáàf fufrnáàf ç em`mssîrgn. N @C pnrn f Smstm cm[msgstïe`gn ç >4 + f eêvmb cn jnagn.

[mcmeáàf? Ef >4¿ eêvmb, fs Cmsnbjncfsaneinj ujn pmrspm`tgvn ÿeg`n sfkrm n vgcnCrfw m, jngs gjpfrtnetm, f smu buanr enfrcmj cm smu Cmus. Mbm eàf hfg nknecfencf.Mj vmz cgssf, mbm hfg tmstncf - m mbm pnssfu. Fpmrsfenamj pfcm fptnr pfr hg`nr nfs pçs cmsmu Cmus Tntrfef frgagenb, `fjf uj smrvfcmjfeên`f ms`fbigcf, fu pfcmj `fetgeunrsuns nvmeturns. Pm f pmrsfenamj ms`fbimr nsmauecn fpáàf, mbm anein f usf cm tfcns nssuns inkgbgcncms cm `bnssm cm `feournáàfcgvgen mj smu eêvmb cm pmrsfenamj ntunb, manein ngecn, uj jfcmbf cm @rgnturn Nkgssnb(vmr f Bgvrf cfs Jfestrfs, pîa. 37). Pm mbmfptnr pfr hg`n nfs pçs cm smu Cmus, mbm smtfren uj ET@ ef `fetrfbm cf JO.




Snkmbn >-=? F Cmsnbjncf

Eêvmb cm

@bnssm

Kóeus Knsm

cm Ntnqum

Hfrt [mh Xfet Mspm`gnb

> +4 +4 +; +4 +; [msgstïe`gnä Jnagn

; +> +4 +0 +4 Huecgr Nbjn G

0 +; +> +0 +> -

3 +0 +> +3 +> Huecgr Nbjn GG

= +0 +> +3 +>+3 [msgstïe`gn

ä Jnagn

8 +3 +; += +; Huecgr Nbjn GGG

1 += +; += +; -

9 +8 +; +8 +; Huecgr Nbjn GX

7 +8 +0 +8 +0 +9 [msgstïe`gnä Jnagn

>4 +1 +0 +1 +0 [mcmeáàf

SM@MBÀF TFCM[FPF

F Sm`mbàf Tfcmrfsf rm`festrðg, cm hfrjnarn`gfsn, hfrtêssgjfs jmjkrfs nrtghg`gngs mjsmus aumrrmgrfs. Mstms jnìfs fu hïjmnsCrfw, sàf jmstrms nrtmsàfs n uj arnu qumpfcmrgn hnzmr n jngfrgn cfs jfrtngs ìfrnrmjnf nprm`gnr sun nrtm. Gtmes `rgncfs pfr ujSm`mbàf Tfcmrfsf, tnetf jîag`f qunetfjuecnef, sàf prfùrncfs pfr tfcf f

sukjuecf pfr sun kmbmzn m pfcmr.

Cncf cm Xgcn? >c9.

Trç-[mqugsgtfs? Tnrn sm tfrenr uj Sm`mbàfTfcmrfsf, f pmrsfenamj cmvm prmmeìmrtfcfs fs smaugetms `rgtçrgfs.[nán? CrfwTmrê`gns? Fhê`gfs (jmjkrf nrtghg`gnb) >4arncunáýms, Fhê`gfs (nrjmgrf) 8.

Snbmetfs? Jmjkrf Nrtghg`gnb, jngs qungsqumrcfgs tnbmetfs cm `rgnáàf cm gtmes.@feournáàf? Inkgbgcncm cm `feournr jnagnsnr`nens cm eêvmb 3.

Tmrê`gns cm @bnssm?

Ns Tmrê`gns cf Sm`mbàf Tfcmrfsf (m ninkgbgcncm ìnvm pnrn `ncn pmrê`gn) sàf?@fe`metrnáàf (@fe), @feim`gjmetf (nr`nef)(Get), Gcmetghg`nr Jnagn (Get), Fhê`gfs (Get) m

Trfhgssàf (Pnk).Tfetfs cm Tmrê`gn n `ncn eêvmb? ; +jfcghg`ncfr cm Get.


Nrjns m Nrjncurns? Sm`mbýms cm Tfcmrsnkmj usnr tfcns ns nrjns sgjpbms. Mbms eàfpfcmj utgbgznr qunbqumr tgpf cm nrjncurn fumsùcf.



Augn @fjpbmtf pnrn Crfws 0=

Jnagns? N `ncn efvf eêvmb cm mxpmrgïe`gn, fSm`mbàf Tfcmrfsf anein efvns jnagns `fjfsm mbm tnjkçj tgvmssm aneif uj eêvmb cm`bnssm cm `feourncfr, `fjf sm pmrtme`mssm n

`bnssm netms cn `bnssm cm prmstêagf. Mbn, efmetnetf, eàf anein tfcfs fs kmemhê`gfsncg`gfengs cn `bnssm cm pmrsfenamj.

Xgeùbnr Tfcmr? @fjmánecf ef >¿ eêvmb, fSm`mbàf Tfcmrfsf pfcm gjkugrtmjpfrnrgnjmetm qunbqumr gtmj `fj uj hmgtgáfjîag`f. F gtmj cmvm vnbmr pmbf jmefs > TF msmr uj fkomtf pmrjnemetm. ûnbqumr jnagn cmntç 0 ¿ eêvmb pfcm smr vgeùbncn nf gtmj. Fhmgtgáf vng pmrjnem`mr ef gtmj curnetm ujnifrn pfr eêvmb cm `feourncfr cf Sm`mbàfTfcmrfsf, fu ntç qum n pnbnvrn jîag`n smonprfeue`gncn. F gtmj qum mstgvmr bgancf äjnagn smrî cmstruêcf qunecf f hmgtgáf hfrusncf, fu sm f tmjpf cf vêeùbf hfrubtrnpnssncf.

Ges`rmvmr Pêjkfbf? F Sm`mbàf Tfcmrfsf ç`npnz cm hnzmr qunbqumr hmgtgáf tfrenr-sm ujsêjkfbf hêsg`f. Mstms sêjkfbfs pfcmj smrges`rgtfs mj qunbqumr nrtgaf jmtîbg`f fu pmcrn,`fj uj vnbfr gaunb n trïs vmzms f eêvmb cnjnagn mj pmáns cm furf. F sêjkfbf cm hmgtgáfcurn ;3 ifrns pfr eêvmb cm `feourncfr, fu ntçqum smon n`gfencf. Mssm prf`mssf bmvn >jgeutf pfr hmgtgáf.

Jmbifrgn cf Fhê`gf? F Sm`mbàf Tfcmrfsfanein += kóeus en pmrê`gn Fhg`gf (Nrtmsnentf)pnrn vmrghg`nr n hnkrg`náàf cm uj gtmj jîag`f,f qum ge`bug nrjns, nrjncurns, rfupns, ofgns,vnrgeins, knstýms m neçgs. Nbçj cgssf, fSm`mbàf Tfcmrfsf tnjkçj prm`gsn anstnrnpmens =4% cn qunetgcncm em`mssîrgn mjpmáns cm furf m pfetfs cm mxpmrgïe`gn pnrn`rgnr gtmes jîag`fs.

Nrtmsnentf Jnrnvgbifsf? Emstm eêvmb cmjnmstrgn, f Sm`mbàf Tfcmrfsf ç `npnz cm `rgnrgtmes fkrns-prgjns. ûnbqumr gtmj jîag`f tmrî=4% jngs `nrans cf qum f efrjnb< gssf ge`bugtfcns ns vnrgeins, pmranjgeifs m knstýms.

Nrtmsnentf Tmrhmgtf? F Sm`mbàf Tfcmrfsfpfcm `rgnr gtmes `fj pmrhmgáàf. Mbm anein ujkóeus cm +>4 en pmrê`gn Fhg`gf (Nrtmsnentf).Nbçj cmstm kóeus, f Sm`mbàf Tfcmrfsf ç`npnz cm hnzmr usf jngs mhg`nz cns sunsinkgbgcncms jîag`ns nf `rgnr gtmes jîag`fs.Sfcfs fs eêvmgs cm hmgtgáfs usncfs en `rgnáàfcm uj gtmj jîag`f sàf `fesgcmrncfs gaungsnf eêvmb cm `feourncfr cf Sm`mbàf Tfcmrfsf,

n`rms`gcf cm =4%. Tfr mxmjpbf, uj Sm`mbàfcm eêvmb >4 tmetnecf bneánr n jnagn Hfrán cfSfurf mj uj nemb, usnrgn smu eêvmb cm`feourncfr (>4), cnecf n jnagn ujn curnáàfcm >4 ifrns pfr ntgvnáàf.




Snkmbn >-8? Sm`mbàf Tfcmrfsf

Eêvmb cm

@bnssm

Kóeus Knsm

cm NtnqumHfrt [mh Xfet

Jnagnsmspm`gngs pfr

cgn

> +4 +4 +4 +;

Xge`ubnrTfcmr,

Ges`rmvmrPêjkfbf, +>

eêvmb cm`feourncfr

; +> +4 +4 +0 +> eêvmb cm`feourncfr

0 +> +> +> +0 +> eêvmb cm

`feourncfr

3 +; +> +> +3

Jmbifrgn cfFhê`gf, +>eêvmb cm

`feourncfr

= +; +> +> +3 +> eêvmb cm`feourncfr

8 +0 +; +; +=+> eêvmb cm`feourncfr

1 +0 +; +; +=NrtmsnentfJnrnvgbifsf,+> eêvmb cm`feourncfr

9 +3 +; +; +8 +> eêvmb cm`feourncfr

7 +3 +0 +0 +8 +> eêvmb cm`feourncfr

>4 += +0 +0 +1

NrtmsnentfTmrhmgtf, +>

eêvmb cm

`feourncfr




EFXFP SNBMESFP

Fs smaugetms efvfs tnbmetfs mstàf cgspfeêvmgs pnrn tfcfs fs pmrsfenames crfw. N tnkmbn nkngxf bgstn

tfcfs fs efvfs tnbmetfs, ge`bugecf f smu tgpf amrnb, n `rgnáàf cf gtmj, jmtnjîag`f fu mspm`gnb.

Efvfs Snbmetfs Trç-rmqugsgtfs Kmemhê`gf

@fjkntm Getugtgvf Cms >3, Geg`gntgvnNprgjfrncn

+; Geg`gntgvn, +> @N

Jmjkrf Nrtghg`gnb (`rgnáàf cm gtmj) Cfgs tnbmetfs qungsqumr cm`rgnáàf cm gtmj.

@rgn jmjkrfs jîag`fsnrtghg`gngs.

Kmeáàf cns Srmvns (mspm`gnb) Kïeáàf cfs cmusms +; cm kóeus pnrn nbauestgpfs cm rfbnamj.

Cupbg`nr Gevf`náàf (jmtnjîag`n) Cfgs tnbmetfs jmtnjîag`fsqungsqumr.

Bneán cuns jnagns enjmsjn rfcncn.

Xgsàf ef Msùrf Jngfr Xgsàf ef Msùrf Mstmecm Xgsàf ef Msùrfpnrn == j.

[msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn Nvneáncn [msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn +>; + 3 [msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn.

Trfetgcàf Jmbifrncn Trfetgcàf +; Fuvgr, Fksmrvnr mTrfùrnr.

@g`ntrgznáàf [îpgcn @fe >0 Cupbg`n f rmsubtn cf tmstmcm @urn.

Kbfqumgf [mhbmxgvf -[mhbmxf ef buanr cm ujNtnqum cm Fpfrtuegcncm.

[mtnbgnáàf KKN +0, [mhbmxfs cm@fjkntm

@fetrn-ntn`n, en jmsjnrfcncn, qunecf fsncvmrsîrgfs mrrnj fntnqum.

@fjkntm Getugtgvf \AmrnbZ

Xf`ï rmnam jngs rîpgcf cf qum fs futrfs mj`fjkntm.Trç-rmqugsgtf? Cms >3, Geg`gntgvn Nprgjfrncn

Kóeus? Xf`ï anein +; en Geg`gntgvn m +> [email protected]`gnb? F kóeus cm Geg`gntgvn nùjubn `fj ftnbmetf Geg`gntgvn Nprgjfrncn.

Jmjkrf Nrtghg`gnb \@rgnáàf cm GtmjZ

Xf`ï pfcm `rgnr krnáfs m pmrens qum tmeinjmhmgtfs jîag`fs.

Trç-rmqugsgtf? Cfgs tnbmetfs qunbqumr cm`rgnáàf cm gtmes.Kóeus? Xf`ï pfcm `rgnr qunbqumr jmjkrfnrtghg`gnb jîag`f ùofs prç-rmqugsgtfs smme`fetrnj n smaugr?

* >.444 TF pnrn `ncn jmjkrf.* Jnagns qum utgbgznj YT, utgbgznràf >/;= cfvnbfr knsm.* Jntçrgns-prgjns ùstnj jmtncm cf smuprmáf knsm.Nbaues jmjkrfs jîag`fs tïj ùstfsncg`gfengs mj `fjpfemetms jntmrgngs fu YT`fjf fksmrvncf mj suns cms`rgáýms. Mstmsùstfs sàf mxtrns mj rmbnáàf nf prmáf knsmcf jmjkrf jîag`f.




Kïeáàf cns Srmvns \Mspm`gnbZ

]j cfs cmusms crfw `fe`mcmu-bim n sunarnán.

Trç-rmqugsgtf? Mssn hnánein sð mstî cgspfeêvmbnf crfw qum tmein?* 8 eêvmgs cm pmrsfenamj, smecf nf jmefsuj eêvmb `fjf bneáncfr cm jnagns cgvgens.* Nbgeinjmetf jnb.* ûm tmeinj rmnbgzncf uj smrvgáf mspm`gnbmj efjm cm uj cfs cmusms crfw.

N ms`fbin cf JO : Fs cmusms crfw pfcmj`fe`mcmr n Kïeáàf npmens nfs smushue`gfeîrgfs jngs cmcg`ncfs, nssgj f TO cmvmmxmùtnr uj smrvgáf mx`mp`gfenb pnrn ntrngr fgetmrmssm cf smu Cmus.Kóeus? Mequnetf f TO pmrjnem`mr mj hnvfrcn cgvgecncm, mbm aneinrî uj kóeus cm +; mjujn cns smaugetms fpáýms? Ntnqum, Cnef,Geg`gntgvn fu Xfetncm.Mspm`gnb? Nbauj crfw qum cmsnarncm smuCmus rm`mkm ujn vmrsàf njnbcgáfncn cmstmSnbmetf. Mstn vmrsàf cnrî -; cm pmenbgcncmpnrn tfcns ns rfbnames n`gjn, mj vmz cfkóeus cm +;.

Cupbg`nr Gevf`náàf \Jmtnjîag`fZ

Xf`ï pfcm bneánr cuns jnagns en jmsjnrfcncn.Trç-rmqugsgtf? Cfgs tnbmetfs jmtnjîag`fsqungsqumr.Kóeus? Xf`ï pfcm `feournr cuns jnagns enjmsjn rfcncn. Mssns jnagns sàf bneáncns`fj jmtncm cf smu eêvmb efrjnb (pfrmxmjpbf, sm uj TO cm eêvmb >4 bneánr JêssmgsJîag`fs m Smgn en jmsjn rfcncn, mbm mstnrgnbneánecf mstns jnagns `fjf uj jnaf cm =¿eêvmb). Mstm smjg-eêvmb cns jnagns nhmtnnpmens ns vnrgîvmgs eujçrg`ns, ge`bugecf feêvmb cn jnagn. Tfr mxmjpbf, uj Hmgtg`mgrf cm>4¿ eêvmb pfcm bneánr efrjnbjmetm jnagns cmeêvmb =, mequnecf qum sm eàf mstgvmssmusnecf mstm Snbmetf, mbm sð smrgn `npnz cmbneánr hmgtgáfs `fj ntç jmtncm cf smu eêvmb cm`bnssm efrjnb.

Xgsàf ef Msùrf Jngfr \AmrnbZ

Xf`ï pfcm vmr ngecn jngs bfeam cf qum futrfscm sun mspç`gm.Trç-rmqugsgtf? Xgsàf ef Msùrf.Kóeus? F nb`ne`m cm sun Xgsàf ef Msùrfnujmetn pnrn == j. Tfr mxmjpbf, uj Crfw

efrjnb tmrgn sun Xgsàf ef Msùrf nujmetncncm 08 j pnrn == j.

[msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn Nvneáncn \AmrnbZ

Xf`ï tïj ujn hfrtm rmsgstïe`gn ä jnagn.Trç-rmqugsgtf? [msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn >;.Kóeus? Xf`ï anein +3 enturnb mj rmsgstïe`gnä jnagn.Mspm`gnb? Xf`ï pfcm ms`fbimr mssm Snbmetfcgvmrsns vmzms.

Trfetgcàf Jmbifrncn \AmrnbZ

Pmus smetgcfs sàf knstnetm nhgncfs.Trç-rmqugsgtf? TrfetgcàfKóeus? Xf`ï anein uj kóeus cm +; mjFuvgr, Fksmrvnr m Trfùrnr.Mssm tnbmetf sm nùjubn `fj f kóeusncqugrgcf ef tnbmetf Trfetgcàf.

[îpgcn `g`ntrgznáàf \AmrnbZ

Xf`ï ùrn jngs rnpgcnjmetm cf qum futrfs.Trç-rmqugsgtf? @fe >0Kóeus? Mj uj tmstm cm @festgtugáàf (@C >=)kmj su`mcgcf, vf`ï anein f cfkrf cnqunetgcncm cm pfetfs cm vgcn cm cms`nesfefrjnb.

Kbfqumgf [mhbmxgvf \AmrnbZ

Xf`ï pfcm usnr f smu `frpf pnrn cmsvgnr cfsntnqums cm gegjgafs.Kóeus? pfr rmeue`gnr uj ntnqum cmfpfrtuegcncm, vf`ï pfcm tmetnr cmsvgnr cmntnqums kmj su`mcgcfs cm smus gegjgafs`fetrn vf`ï. Pmjprm qum uj ntnqum bimn`mrtnr m vf`ï eàf mstgvmr surprmsf, vf`ïpfcm hnzmr uj tmstm cm [mhbmxfs (@C ç gaunb n>4 + cnef). Pm f tmstm hfr kmj-su`mcgcf, vf`ïcmsvgn pnrtm cm smu `frpf n tmjpf cf afbpm.Gstf pmrjgtm-bim rm`mkmr npmens jmtncm cfcnef cm ntnqum. Pm f tmstm cm [mhbmxfs eàfhfr kmj su`mcgcf, vf`ï tfjn f cnef tftnb cfafbpm.Xf`ï pfcm usnr mssn inkgbgcncm sfjmetmqunecf hfr hnzmr uj ntnqum cm fpfrtuegcncm.

[mtnbgnáàf \AmrnbZ

Xf`ï pfcm ntn`nr uj fpfemetm, `nsf fjmsjf mrrm uj ntnqum.




Trç-rmqugsgtf? Kóeus Knsm cm Ntnqum +0,[mhbmxfs cm @fjkntm.Kóeus? Pmjprm qum f ncvmrsîrgf pmrcmr ujntnqum `frpf n `frpf vf`ï pfcm hnzmr uj`fetrn-ntnqum gjmcgntf. Gssf `fetn `fjf uj

ntnqum cm fpfrtuegcncm pnrn n rfcncn.




M^]GTNJMESFP TN[N C[FQP

N sf`gmcncm Crfw hnvfrm`m arnecms jmstrms

nrtmsàfs, qum sàf ùgcncfsnjmetm prftmagcfspmbns `nsns qum `fkgánj ns jnaeêhg`ns nrjnsqum mbms pfcmj `rgnr. @fjkgencf `fj f nbtfeêvmb cm inkgbgcncm jîag`n metrm fs crfws, mujn arnecm vnrgmcncm cm mqugpnjmetfsge`fjues ä sun cgspfsgáàf, f qum cî nf crfwn`mssf n ujn vnrgmcncm cm mqugpnjmetfsge`fjues m mxðtg`fs, tnetf jîag`f qunetfjuecnef. Nqug mstàf nbaues cmssms gtmes.

Gtmes efrjngsNrjncurn cm ûgtgen? Mstn nrjncurn ç hmgtncm pbn`ns cm `nrnpnáns cm gesmtfs aganetms. Nnrjncurn hnz `fj qum f pfrtncfr pnrmán tmruj fbinr hmrfz m nbgmeêamen. Mbn vmj `fj uj`npn`mtm (hmgtf n pnrtgr cn `nkmán cf gesmtf) m`nembmgrns. N qugtgen ç `fsturncn n uj supfrtm

cm pnef jn`gf pnrn uj jngfr sgbïe`gf mjîxgjn jfkgbgcncm.

Nrjncurn cm ûgtgen ? Jçcgn< @ustf? >44 TF<Kóeus cm Nrjncurn? +3< Tmenbgcncm cmCmstrmzn? +3< Hnbin cm Nrjncurn? -0< JnagnNr`nen? ;4%< Cmsbf`njmetf (7 j)? 8 j< (8 j)?3,= j< Tmsf? 7 La.

@bnvn Cupbn Crfw? Mstn ç ujn nrjn cupbn.Xf`ï pfcm butnr `fj mbn `fjf sm mstgvmssm

butnecf `fj cuns nrjns, jns sm vf`ï hgzmr

gssf, mstnrî suomgtf n tfcns ns pmenbgcncms cmuj ntnqum efrjnb nssf`gncns mj ujn butn`fj cuns nrjns. N `rgnturn usnecf mstn nrjncupbn `fj npmens ujn jàf, eàf pfcmrî usî-bn `fjf ujn nrjn cupbn.

Jnìncf Cupbf? Mstn ç ujn nrjn `fjujmetrm fs Pintÿrua. N arnecm bëjgen cmstnnrjn ç hbmxêvmb m cgvgcgcn nf `metrf, cnecf-bimn npnrïe`gn cm ujn bëjgen cupbn.

Tueinb Cupbf? Mstn ç ujn vnrgnáàf cfjnìncf cupbf. N bëjgen ç hbmxêvmb m hmgtf pnrnsmr ofancf n cgstëe`gns jngfrms cf qum uj

pueinb ̀ fjuj.

Mspncn Bfean Cupbn? ûnecf uj Crfwrm`mkm pmrjgssàf pnrn metrnr ens hgbmgrns cfsBëjgens Emarns, ç qum mbm efrjnbjmetmmjpuein mstn nrjn cupbn. Mstns mspncnsbfeans cmgxnj hmrgjmetfs cmvnstncfrms mjsuns vêtgjns m sàf pmrhmgtns pnrn f mstgbf cmvgcn `rumb cfs Crfws.

Ncnan cn Nrnein Xmemefsn? Mstns ncnansnprmsmetnj cuns bëjgens `fj pfetnspmemtrnetms m bfeans. Mstns pfetns sàf f`ns maunrcnj ujn tfxgen bmtnb, qum ç jnetgcn

`fjf uj vmemef. F tgpf cm vmemef en Ncnancn Nrnein Xmemefsn `nkm nf pfrtncfr, jnsfs tgpfs jngs `fjues sàf Pneaum cm TubanPuktmrrëemn, Mxtrntf cm Hbfr Puktmrrëemn m nsBîargjns cn Xgÿvn Emarn. F mspnáf ç arnecmf suhg`gmetm pnrn trnespfrtnr >4 cfsms cmvmemef.




Nrjns Crfw

NrjnsMxðtg`ns Snjneif @ustf Cnef

(T) Cnef (J) @rêtg`f Nb`ne`m(j) Sgpf Tmsf

(La)

@bnvn CupbnCrfw

Cunsjàfs

>44TF >c9/>c9 >c>4/>c>4 x0 - @frtnetm >>

Jn`incfCupbf ]jn jàf 3= TF >c9 >c>4 >7-;4 /

x0 - @frtnetm 8

Tueinb Cupbf Buz >= TF >c0 >c3 >7-;4 /x0 8 @frtnetm ;

Mspncn BfeanCupbn ]jn jàf 04 TF >c8 >c9 >7-;4 /

x0 - @frtnetm 3

Ncnan cnNrnein

XmemefsnBuz

>=4TF >c0 >c3

>7-;4 /x; >,= Tmrhurnetm 4,3=

Xmemefs Crfw

Xmemef Sgpf Cnef Geg`gnb CnefsPm`uecîrgfs @ustfPneaum cm

TubanPuktmrrëemn

Bmsàf (@C >9) ;c8 Cms - ;=4 TF

Pnbgvn cmAnhneiftf

Puktmrrëemf@fetntf (@C >8) >c3 Get >c3 Pnk =44 TF

Mspfrfs cnsTrfhuecmzns Genbncf (@C >=) >c8 @fe Jfrtm ;=44 TF

Mxtrntf cm HbfrPuktmrrëemn Bmsàf (@C >1) Ge`fes`gïe`gn Jfrtm >=44 TF

Jusaf cfPfef Bmsàf (@C >3) - Pfef ;44 TF

Bîargjns cnXgÿvn Emarn Bmsàf (@C >=) >c3 @fe >c3 Hfr >94 TF




Xmemefs

Crfws usnj suns nrjns `fj vmemef. ]jnvmz qum mbms cmpmecmj cm Hurtgvgcncm m

cmvmj supmrnr n [msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn cm smusgegjgafs jngs pfcmrfsfs, f vmemef ç nsfbuáàf pmrhmgtn.N jngfrgn cfs vmemefs crfws sàf hmgtfs npnrtgr cm gesmtfs, nrnèêcmfs m hueafs qum`rms`mj ef suktmrrëemf prfhuecf. Xmemefscm gesmtfs sàf kfes pnrn `nusnr `fevubsýms.Xmemefs cm nrnèêcmfs `nusnj cnefsgetmrefs nfs ðraàfs, äs vmzms cm hfrjn arnvmf suhg`gmetm pnrn jntnr. Xmemefs cm hueafs`nusnj nbu`genáýms, sfef, fu futrn hfrjn cmge`npn`gtnr, äs vmzms `fj `fesmquïe`gnshntngs.Fs vmemefs nqug nprmsmetncfs sàf cm

mx`busgvgcncm nfs Crfws. Mbms sàf jugtf`nrfs pnrn sm `fjprnr mj qunbqumr futrfbuanr (f cfkrf cf prmáf bgstncf en tnkmbnn`gjn pnrn ns `fjuegcncms suktmrrëemns eàfCrfws, m trïs vmzms en supmrhê`gm).

Pneaum cn Tuban Puktmrrëemn? ns `nvmrenssàf jugtf jngs cf qum uj nkfrrm`gjmetf pnrnn jngfrgn cns `rgnturns, ujn vmz pfr nef,mstns pubans sm rmÿemj pnrn hnzmr smun`nsnbnjmetf m pfcmj smr jfrtngs pnrn qumjsm nprfxgjnr. Ç curnetm mstm pmrêfcf qum, n`ncn nef, f sneaum cn Tuban Puktmrrëemn çpmsqugsncf pmbfs crugcns bf`ngs. Trm`gsn-sm

cm nprfxgjncnjmetm ;44 TubansPuktmrrëemns pnrn hnzmr ujn ÿeg`n cfsm cmvmemef cm smus `frpfs prmesncfs. ]jn vmzqum smu sneaum hfg mxtrnêcf, mbm ç `fzgcf msmpnrncf pnrn qum npmens ujn sukstëe`gnmspmssn m vmrjmbin pmrjnemán. Mstm sneaumç metàf npbg`ncf ens nrjns.

Pnbgvn cm Anhneiftf Puktmrrëemf? mbms smnbgjmetnj cm jusaf m hueafs suktmrrëemfs.Mstms anhneiftfs sàf tàf cmstrutgvfs qunetffs cn supmrhê`gm, jns n sun snbgvn ç nbtnjmetmvnbfrgzncn pmbfs crugcns cm `fjuegcncmscrfw. Em`mssgtn-sm cm >4 jb cm snbgvn cmssmspmqumefs gesmtfs pnrn `rgnr ujn pmanofsncfsm cm vmemef qum pfcm smr npbg`ncn nqunbqumr nrjn. @bçrgans cm @frgti nbaujnsvmzms npbg`nj mstm vmemef mj smus pueingsqunecf getmrrfanj suspmgtfs cm mspgfenamj.

Mspfrfs cns Trfhuecmzns? ç uj tgpf cmhueaf, ùgcncfsnjmetm ùbtgvncf efs onrcgescfs suktmrrëemfs. F `nubm cmstm hueaf ç`fbigcf, kmj `fjf n tnjpn ç rmjfvgcn mrmpbnetncn. F trfe`f f`f ntun `fjf jmgf cm

bneánjmetf cmstm pftmetm vmemef, ntrnvçs cmuj sfprf. En prgjmgrn rfcncn, fs mspfrfsntn`nj n anranetn m fs pubjýms. ]j jgeutfcmpfgs, fs mspfrfs `fjmánj n merngznr-sm efsgstmjn rmspgrntðrgf cn vêtgjn, `nusnecf jfrtm

gjmcgntn. Mxgstmj mspfrfs suhg`gmetms mj ujtrfe`f pnrn ujn ÿeg`n cfsm cm vmemef.

Mxtrntf cm Hbfr Puktmrrëemn? Mstn hbfr çmqugvnbmetm nf bêrgf cn supmrhê`gm. Mstns hbfrmssàf nzugs m njnrmbns, ujn cns pfu`nspbnetns ef juecf qum hbfrms`m mj `nvmrenssuktmrrëemns. Crugcns Crfws ùbtgvnj mstnshbfrms pfr `nusn cm smu pftmetm pðbme. Mstmpðbme ç jgsturncf `fj ðbmfs arnxfs mnpbg`ncf efs vgrftms cm kmstn. Fs pfbmesbneáncfs pfr >; hbfrms sàf suhg`gmetms pnrn`rgnr npmens ujn ÿeg`n cfsm cm vmemef.

Jusafs cf Pfef? Mstms jusafs sàf uj tgpfrnrf cm bêqume hfshfrms`metm qum `rms`m sfkrmfs cmpðsgtfs cm hmbcspntfs efs suktmrrëemfs.Mj smu mstncf enturnb, mbm ç uj bêqume cm `frrfsncn `fj jneìns emarns. NbqugjgstnsCrfws `fbimj fs jusafs m, mj smaugcn,hmrvm-fs ntç `mrtn `fesgstïe`gn. ûnecf ìmann mstm mstncf, bgamgrnjmetm rfsn m pmanofsf,mbm pfcm smr npbg`ncf äs nrjns pnrn gecuzgrPfef pfr >c3 ifrns.

Bîargjns cn Xgÿvn? crugcns rmtgrnjùgcncfsnjmetm f vmemef cn nrnein aganetmXgÿvn Emarn, cuns vmzms pfr nef, mj ujn`mrgjóegn mspm`gnb qum ifjmenamgnSfrfrtiue, n [ngein Nrnein. Mssm vmemef çjugtf tðxg`f m ç npbg`ncf ens nrjns pmbns@bçrgans cm Sfrfrtiue. Mstm vmemef çnbtnjmetm gbmanb pnrn qunbqumr Crfw, qum eàfsmon uj smaugcfr cm Sfrfrtiue. Pmr npneincf`fj mstm vmemef ç pueêvmb `fj pmen cmjfrtm (`fj ujn rmnegjnáàf pfstmrgfr `fjfjfrtf-vgvf).

Jmjkrfs Nrtghg`gngs

]j Crfw tmvm jugtfs sçùbfs cm vgcn pnrn smncnptnr nf usf cf ncnjnetguj, uj jmtnbmxtrmjnjmetm curîvmb me`fetrncf mj arnecmsqunetgcncms npmens ens rmagýms jngsprfhuecns. Pun enturnb [msgstïe`gn n Jnagn,hnz `fj qum f ncnjnetguj sm tfrempnrtgùbnrjmetm ÿtgb `fj `mrtns utgbgznáýms, mpnrn ujn mj pnrtgùbnr? prðtmsms.Ef juecf krutnb cfs Crfws, n pmrcn cm ujjmjkrf ç jugtf jngs `fjuj cf qum ensupmrhê`gm. Jmbifr sfkrmvgvmr `fj npmens ujnjàf cf qum eàf sfkrmvgvmr. M, arnáns äJmstrms Nrtmsàfs Crfw, pnrtgùbnrjmetm fs




tm`mbýms cm pfcmr, qum jugtfs Crfws sàfmqugpncfs `fj prðtmsms qum fs tfrenj jngspfcmrfsfs cf qum mrnj netmrgfrjmetm.

Fs jmjkrfs nrtghg`gngs sàf `nrfs, jns vnbm f

prmáf, mspm`gnbjmetm pnrn fs aumrrmgrfs jngsvnbgfsfs cm ujn `nsn. ]jn vmz qum ujn `nsn`festrugu ujn rmputnáàf `fj cmtmrjgencfsfbcncf, pfr sun inkgbgcncm cm `fjkntm, n mbmç qunsm anrnetgcf rm`mkmr uj jmjkrfnrtghg`gnb, `fj n hue`gfenbgcncm kîsg`n sm nbafn`fetm`mr `fj mbm mj kntnbin.Nbçj cf kóeus cm +> ef Jfc. Cmhbmxàf cn @N`fe`mcgcf pmbfs jmjkrfs nrtghg`gngs, nbauestnjkçj pfssumj prfprgmcncms jîag`ns,`fe`mcmecf pfcmrms pnrn nqumbms qum fsutgbgznj. Jugtf pfu`fs jmjkrfs tïj `nrans<jns hue`gfenj gecmhgegcnjmetm.ûnbqumr pmrsfenamj pfcm usnr ujn pmrennrtghg`gnb, `nsf mstmonj `fem`tncfs `fj ujpmrsfenamj qum tmein inkgbgcncm `fjJmjkrf Jm`ëeg`f. Npmens trïs jmjkrfs `fjjnagn pfcmj smr usncfs n qunbqumrjfjmetf< jmjkrfs ncg`gfengs smrvmj nf smuprfpðsgtf, jns suns prfprgmcncms jîag`nssmràf pmrcgcns.Cms`rgáàf Hêsg`n? Fs jmjkrfs nrtghg`gngs eàftïj jfcghg`ncfr cm pmsf, f jmjkrf ç ujnpnrtm cf `frpf enturnb cf pmrsfenamj.Jmjkrfs nrtghg`gngs sàf efrjnbjmetm `rgncfs npnrtgr cm qunbqumr jmtnb jîag`f, jns fs crfwsprmhmrmj n enturmzn rncgfntgvn cfncnjnetguj. ]j jmjkrf tmj @N : >=, 84pfetfs cm vgcn, curmzn : ;4, n @C : ;1, mncg`gfen +> ef Kóeus cm Cmhbmxàf en @N pfrjmjkrf usncf.Ntgvnáàf? Efrjnbjmetm, n `npn`gcncm cm ujjmjkrf ç ntgvncn pfr ujn pnbnvrn cm`fjnecf (ujn náàf pncràf qum eàf prfvf`nntnqums cm fpfrtuegcncm). Nbaues jmjkrfstïj jçtfcfs cm ntgvnáàf mx`mp`gfengs, cmn`frcf `fj ns rmspm`tgvns cms`rgáýms.Amrnáàf Nbmntðrgn? Tnrn amrnr nbmntfrgnjmetmuj jmjkrf nrtghg`gnb, hnán ujn rfbnamjutgbgznecf n tnkmbn nkngxf. Mxgstm gaunbpfssgkgbgcncm qum f jmjkrf smrî fu uj krnáffu ujn pmren (=4% pfssgkgbgcncm pnrn `ncnuj). Fs jmjkrfs gecg`ncfs emstn tnkmbn eàfsàf fs ÿeg`fs jmjkrfs nrtghg`gngs qum mxgstmj.Pmon cgnkfbg`njmetm `rgntgvf nf cmtmrjgenrqum pfcmrms fs jmjkrfs pfcmj tmr.ûnbgcncms Mspm`gngs? [fbm >c>44. ]jrmsubtncf cm 4> gecg`n qum f jmjkrf mstîgetmbgametm, 4;-0> gecg`n qum nbaf (uj prfomtf,ges`rgáàf, mt`) hfrem`m ujn pgstn pnrn n sunhueáàf, m 0;->44 gecg`n qum eàf iî qunbgcncmsmspm`gngs.

Jmjkrfs getmbgametms tïj inkgbgcncms mxtrnsm, f`nsgfenbjmetm, tïj pfcmrmsmxtrnfrcgeîrgfs m mhmgtfs mspm`gngs.

- Krnáf cn Cmhbmxàf? Mstm krnáf pmrjgtm qum

f usuîrgf usm f Snbmetf Cmsvgnr Fkomtfs.Npmens uj krnáf nrtghg`gnb pfcm smr me`netncf`fj mstm Snbmetf.Nkournáàf hrn`n.Eêvmb cm @feourncfr? =<Mhmgtf? msùcf<Trmáf cm Jmr`ncf? 8.>94 TF.

- Msjurrncfr? Mstm jmjkrf ç usncf pnrnkntmr mj ncvmrsîrgfs (`fjf uj msùcf). Eàfgjpfrtn f tnjneif cf ntn`netm, mstm jmjkrfjîag`f `nusn >c9 pfetfs cm cnef jngsjfcghg`ncfrms cm Hfrán m ntun `fjf ujnnrjn qunecf usncf pnrn kntmr.Srnesjutnáàf jfcmrncn<Eêvmb cm @feourncfr? 9<Mhmgtf? hfrán cf tfurf<Trmáf cm Jmr`ncf? 3.474 TF.

- Krnáfs-Hfrán? Mstns nrjns cm ncnjnetgujsàf `festruêcns mj prmtf msjnbtncf m ìmgnscm `rnvfs. ]j pnr cm krnáfs `fetrgkug pnrn fnujmetf ef vnbfr cm Hfrán, en hfrjn cm ujkóeus cm +3 fu +8.Mssms gtmes jîag`fs mstàf cgspfeêvmgs npmens`fjf krnáfs, sð vïj mj pnrms m sàf geÿtmgssfzgeifs.Srnesjutnáàf jfcmrncn<Eêvmb cm @feourncfr? >4<Mhmgtf? hfrán cf tfurf<Trmáf cm Jmr`ncf? >9.=44 TF (+3) fu07.444 TF (+8).

- Krnáncmgrns-Trftmtfrns? Mstms krnáfsnrtghg`gngs pnrm`mj smr `fkmrtfs `fj ujnrmsgen. Mbms `mr`nj f usuîrgf `fj uj `njpfcm hfrán gevgsêvmb, `fe`mcmecf-bim uj kóeuscm nrjncurn metrm +> m +9. Njkfs fs krnáfscmvmj smr usncfs pnrn n jnagn smr mhg`nz.Mstn nrjncurn enturnb pmrjgtm uj Jfcghg`ncfrcm Cmhbmxàf en @N.Nkournáàf jfcmrncf<Eêvmb cm @feourncfr? 1<Mhmgtf? nrjncurn nr`nen, eêvmb cm `bnssm cf`rgncfr cmvm smr cuns vmzms jngfr qum f vnbfr`fbf`ncf ens krnáncmgrns< Trmáf cmJmr`ncf? 0.>44 TF (>), 8344 TF (;), >>.744TF (+0), >7.844 TF (3), ;7.=44 TF (=),3>.844 TF (8), ==.744 TF (+1) m 1;.344 TF(9).

- Tmrens Hurtgvns? Mstns pmrens sàfjnag`njmetm `festruêcns cm jfcf qum eàf




sð hnz pfu`f sfj, jns sgbme`gn smu rmcfr. Mbmncg`gfen uj kóeus cm +>4 efs tmstms cmHurtgvgcncm cf smu pfrtncfr.Eêvmb cm @feourncfr? =<Trmáf cm Jmr`ncf? 3.474 TF.

Xmbf`gcncm? F pfrtncfr cmstn pmren nrtghg`gnbrm`mkm f cfkrf cf cmsbf`njmetf efrjnb.

Xmbf`gcncm? Pm jngs cf qum ujn cmstnspmrens hfrmj usncns, fs mhmgtfs smràfnujmetncfs pnrn f trgpbf cn vmbf`gcncm cmjfvgjmetf efrjnb.Srnesjutnáàf<

Eêvmb cm @feourncfr? 0<Trmáf cm Jmr`ncf? 3.1=4 TF.




Jmjkrfs Nrtghg`gngsJçcgf Jngfr Nrtghg`gnb Bgjk Trmáf cm Jmr`ncf (TF)>->4 - Trftmáàf (>) 0.>44>>-;4 - Knsigea 3.474

;>-04 - rfuknecf 3.4740>-34 - Xmbf`gcncm 3.1=43>-=4 - Nrrfw cmhbmxàf 8.>94=>-84 - @fetrfbnr Jfrtfs-Xgvfs 8.>948>-14 - [msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn (>0) 8.>941>-94 >->4 Trftmáàf (;) 8.3449>-74 >>-;4 [msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn (>=) >>.0847>-73 ;>-04 Trftmáàf (+0) >>.7447=-71 0>-34 Tftïe`gn (3) >9.=4479-77 3>-=4 [msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn (>1) >9.=34>44 =>-84 Trftmáàf (+3) >7.844

- 8>-14 [msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn (>7) ;1.1;4- 1>-94 Trftmáàf (=) ;7.=44

- 9>-74 Memragn (8) 07.444- 7>-79 Trftmáàf (8) 3>,844- 77 Trftmáàf (1) ==,744- >44 Trftmáàf (9) 1;,344

[msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn? Mstms jmjkrfsme`netncns `fe`mcmj [msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn,mequnetf hfrmj usncfs. N rmsgstïe`gn ä jnagnç cm >0, >=, >1, fu >7. Pm n `rgnturn oî tmjenturnbjmetm [msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn, usm f vnbfrjngs nbtf, smon cm qunbqumr jmjkrf fu sunrmsgstïe`gn enturnb.Hfrán< Nkournáàf<Eêvmb cm @feourncfr? >=<

Mhmgtf? rmsgstïe`gn ä jnagn<Trmáf cm Jmr`ncf? 8.>94 TF (>0), >>.084TF (>=), >9.=34 TF (>1) fu ;1.1;4 TF (>7).

@fetrfbnr Jfrtfs-Xgvfs? Mstm jmjkrf, ujnpmren fu uj krnáf, pmrjgtm nf usuîrgf n`npn`gcncm cm `fetrfbnr jfrtfs-vgvfs `fjfuj @bçrgaf jnbêaef cf jmsjf eêvmb.Em`rfjne`gn hrn`n<Eêvmb cm @feourncfr? =< `fjf uj `bçrgafjnbgaef `fj n inkgbgcncm cm hns`genr jfrtfs-vgvfs<Trmáf cm Jmr`ncf? 8.>94 TF.

Jîs`nrns Crfw? Cm tfcns ns `rgnáýms cfscrfws, ns jngs hnjfsns sàf suns jîs`nrnsfrenjmetncns. Mstns jîs`nrns sàf kmbnspmáns qum `fkrmj f rfstf cf Crfw qunecf mbmsm me`fetrn mj sf`gmcncms sm`rmtns, kfrcçgsms`urfs fu knbemîrgfs `fjues.Mequnetf jugtfs n usnj npmens pnrn mstnhgenbgcncm, nbaujns cmssns jîs`nrns sàfjngs cf qum npnrmetnj. Mbns pfssumjtmrrêvmgs pfcmrms fu jmbifrnj fs ntrgkutfs minkgbgcncms enturngs cf usuîrgf.

N smaugr mstàf nbaujns cns geujmrîvmgsjîs`nrns qum fs Crfws sàf `feim`gcfs pfr`rgnr. Mbns pfcmj smr `fjprncns mjjmr`ncfs cm qunbqumr arnecm `gcncm cfsukjuecf, m rnrnjmetm sàf gbmangs pnrn smpfssugr fu vmecmr.

Jîs`nrn cn Fhus`náàf? Mstns jîs`nrns sàffrenjmetncns `fj amjns prmtns fu

vmrjmbins. Mbms sàf prfomtncns pnrn pgs`nr`fjf ujn buz krgbinetm ntç cuns vmzms pfrcgn, sfk `fjnecf cf usuîrgf. ^unbqumr ujcmetrf cm 8 j, `fj mx`máàf cf usuîrgf, cmvmhnzmr uj tmstm cm [mhbmxf (@C >3) fu hg`nrî`maf pfr >C3 rfcncns.Mvf`náàf jfcmrncn<Eêvmb cm @feourncfr? 1< @rgnr GtmjJnrnvgbifsf<Trmáf cm Jmr`ncf? ;.444 TF.

Jîs`nrn cf Hnetnsjn? Mstns jîs`nrns sàfhmgtns cm uj hgef tm`gcf cm smcn cm nrneinemarn. Mbns sàf tàf hgens qum sàf qunsm

trnespnrmetms. Mstns jîs`nrns sàf`fjujmetm usncns `fjf vçus fu jmgnjîs`nrn. Mbns pmrjgtmj qum f usuîrgf smtfrem mtçrmf (`fjf n jnagn Tnssmgf Mtçrmf)ujn vmz pfr cgn. F pmrsfenamj pmrjnem`mrîmtçrmf pfr qunetf tmjpf cmsmoncf, jns ujnvmz qum mbm vfbtm nf efrjnb, mbm eàf pfcmrî smtfrenr mtçrmf efvnjmetm emssm cgn.Srnesjutnáàf<Eêvmb cm @feourncfr? >0< @rgnr GtmjJnrnvgbifsf< Tnssmgf Mtçrmf.




Trmáf cm Jmr`ncf? =4.444 TF.

Jîs`nrn cn Gevubemrnkgbgcncm? Mstnsjîs`nrns `fjpbmtns, hmgtns cm furf emarf,`fe`mcmj += cm [mcuáàf cm Cnefs nf

usuîrgf.Nkournáàf<Eêvmb cm @feourncfr? >9< @rgnr GtmjJnrnvgbifsf<Trmáf cm Jmr`ncf? >4.444 TF.

Jîs`nrn cf @fetrfbm cm Jfrtfs-Xgvfs?Mstns jîs`nrns sàf hmgtns cm pbn`ns hgens cmfssfs `fsturncfs mj uj supfrtm cm smcnjn`gn cm nrnein. F usuîrgf cm ujn cmssnsjîs`nrns pfcm `fetrfbnr ntç ;8 TX cm jfrtfs-vgvfs pfr cgn, `fjf n jnagn @fetrfbnr Jfrtfs-Xgvfs. Nf njneim`mr cm `ncn cgn, f usuîrgfpmrcm f `fetrfbm cm tfcfs fs jfrtfs-vgvfsngecn sfk smu cfjêegf.

Em`rfjne`gn<Eêvmb cm @feourncfr? >0< @rgnr GtmjJnrnvgbifsf< @fetrfbnr Jfrtfs-Xgvfs<Trmáf cm Jmr`ncf? =4.444 TF.

[ncgnáàf ef suksfbfCmvgcf nfs arnecms cmpðsgtfs cm jgeçrgf cmcgnjnetm m jgtirgb pmrtf cns `gcncms crfw,rncgnáàf jîag`n ç uj tgpf cm memragn jugtfrmnb.Pm fs gtmes jîag`fs cm uj crfw sàf bmvncfspnrn jugtf bfeam cmssms bf`ngs (pfr mxmjpbf,en supmrhê`gm), fs mhmgtfs rncgfntgvfs `fjmánjn pmrcmr suns qunbgcncms jîag`ns. N tnxn äqunb f`frrm mstn cmtmrgfrnáàf cmpmecm tnetfcf tgpf cm prfcutf, qunetf cf smu vnbfr.@fesubtm n tnkmbn n smaugr pnrn snkmr ns tnxnscm cmtmrgfrnáàf cfs gtmes jîag`fs.




Gtmj jîag`f Sgpf cm tnxn cm cmtmrgfrnáàf

Nrjncurns m ms`ucfs-> @N (`fjmánecf `fj qunbqumr kóeusjîag`f), pfr smjnen bfeam cn rncgnáàf, ntç

qum f fkomtf sm cmsgetmarn mj pð.

Nrjns-> cm cnef (`fjmánecf `fj qunbqumr kóeusjîag`f), pfr smjnen bfeam cn rncgnáàf, ntçqum f fkomtf sm cmsgetmarn mj pð.

Tfáýms Sfren-sm uj vmemef sm hg`nr bfeam cn rncgnáàfpfr jngs cm ;3 ifrns.

Neçgs

@fjmán n cmtmrgfrnr-sm n ujn tnxn cm ;=4 TFpfr cgn bfeam cn rncgnáàf< cmgxn cm hue`gfenrqunecf hg`nr `fj jmefs cm >.444 TF rmstnetm<sm cmsgetmarn mj pð qunecf mstm vnbfr `imanrn zmrf.

TmranjgeifsCmsgetmarn cmpfgs cm ;3 ifrns bfeam cnrncgnáàf.

Gtmes Jnrnvgbifsfs

@fjmán n cmtmrgfrnr-sm n ujn tnxn cm ;=4 TFpfr smjnen bfeam cn rncgnáàf< cmgxn cmhue`gfenr sm f gtmj hg`nr `fj jmefs cm >.444TF< sm cmsgetmarn mj pð qunecf emeiuj vnbfrsfkrnr.

XnrgeinsTmrcm quntrf `nrans pfr cgn bfeam cn rncgnáàf,sm cmsgetmarn mj pð qunecf eàf sfkrnremeiujn ̀ nran.




JNAGNP C[FQ

N vgcn ef sukjuecf hfráfu ujn ncnptnáàf.ûnecf vf`ï ç uj jnaf crfw, qum hg`n `maf

sfk qunbqumr buz hfrtm, bneánr ujn kfbn cmhfaf sm tfren tàf pmrgafsf mj sg jmsjf `fjfpnrn smus gegjgafs!Mstn smáàf cgsùtm nbaujns jnagnscmsmevfbvgcns pmbfs Crfws, mspm`gnbjmetmnqumbns qum bgcnj `fj Jnagns cns Pfjkrns,m tnjkçj fs efvfs cfjêegfs cfs CmusmsCrfw.

CFJÊEGFP CFP @BÇ[GAFP

CFJÊEGF CM @FJKNSM

Cgvgecncm? Anjnli

Tfcmrms @fe`mcgcfs? Xf`ï rm`mkm +> kóeuspnrn tfcns ns ofancns cm ntnqum.

Jnagns cm Cfjêegf cm @fjkntm>) Ntnqum @mrtmgrf;) Nrjn Mspgrgtunb0) Mspncn Pfjkrgn3) Nrjn Jîag`n Jngfr=) Eçvfn Jfrtnb8) Knrrmgrn cm Bëjgens1) Tmbm cm Tmcrn9) Jnrtmbf cf @nfs7) Jnìncf cm Anjnli

CFJÊEGF C[FQCgvgecncms? Knraÿb, SfrfrtiueTfcmrms @fe`mcgcfs? Xf`ï pfcm bneánrqunbqumr Jnagn Crfw `fjf sm tgvmssm ujeêvmb cm `feourncfr. Jnagns Crfw sàf`fesgcmrncns tfcns ns efvns jnagnsbf`nbgzncns emstm bgvrf m tfcns ns jnagnsme`fetrncns emstm cfjêegf.

Jnagns cm Cfjêegf Crfw>) Knegr;) Pgbïe`gf0) Msùrgcàf Trfhuecn3) @fjueiàf=) @grùbf cn Jfrtm8) Cnef1) Tnbnvrn cf @nfs9) @njpf Netgjnagn7) Crmenr Memragn

CFJÊEGF CF XMEMEF

Cgvgecncm? Sfrfrtiue

Tfcmrms @fe`mcgcfs? Xf`ï pfcm usnr njnagn Xmemef, trïs vmzms pfr cgn.

Jnagns cm Cfjêegf cf Xmemef>) Cmtm`tnr Xmemef;) Trfbfeanr Xmemef0) Xmemef3) Nrjncurn Xmemefsn=) Hbmìn Xmemefsn8) Eçvfn Xmemefsn1) [msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn9) @iuvn Xmemefsn7) Jàf cm Sfrfrtiue

CFJÊEGF CN PFJK[N

Cgvgecncm? NeanrcTfcmrms @fe`mcgcfs? ]jn vmz pfr cgn, vf`ïpfcm `fevf`nr uj tgpf cm Pfjkrn ä smusmrvgáf. N Pfjkrn tmj TX gaunb n jmtncm cmsmus eêvmgs cm `bnssm. Nf hgenb cm ujn ifrn, nPfjkrn rmtfren nf Tbnef cns Pfjkrns.

Jnagns cm Cfjêegf cn Pfjkrn>) Jàfs Pfjkrgns;) Pfjkrn0) Bëjgen Pfjkrgn3) Xgsàf Pfjkgn=) @feournáàf Pfjkrgn8) Mvf`náàf Pfjkrgn

1) @feournáàf Pfjkrgn Jngfr9) Mvf`náàf Pfjkrgn Jngfr7) Srmvns

CFJÊEGF CN N[NEIN

Cgvgecncms? @frgti, SfrfrtiueTfcmrms @fe`mcgcfs? Xf`ï pfcm mxpubsnr fu`fjnecnr nrneins, `fjf uj `bçrgaf hnz `fjjfrtfs-vgvfs. Xf`ï pfcm usnr mstn inkgbgcncmuj tftnb cm vmzms pfr cgn gaunb n 0 + smujfcghg`ncfr cm @nrgsjn.

Jnagns cm Cfjêegf cn Nrnein>) Tnssfs smj Tmancns;) Ms`nbnr `fjf Nrnein0) Smgn3) Bgkmrcncm cm Jfvgjmetf=) Tmstm cm Gesmtfs (nrneins, mj vmz cmanhneiftfs)8) Xmbf`gcncm cn Nrnein1) Xgsàf cn Xmrcncm9) Tfrtnb Tmrgðcg`f7) Gevf`nr Nbjn cn Nrnein




CFJÊEGF CF JF[SF-XGXF

Cgvgecncm? KnraÿbTfcmrms @fe`mcgcfs? ]jn vmz pfr cgn, vf`ïpfcm `rgnr jfrtfs-vgvfs. Mstms jfrtfs-vgvfs

sfk smu `fetrfbm nprmsmetnj +; cm[msgstïe`gn. F eÿjmrf tftnb cm Cncfs cm Xgcncfs jfrtfs-vgvfs qum pfcmj smr `rgncfs m`fetrfbncfs ç gaunb nf eêvmb cm @bçrgaf x ;,=.

Jnagns cm Cfjêegf cf Jfrtf-Xgvf>) Cmtm`tnr Jfrtf-Xgvf;) Trfhnenr0) Hnbnr `fj fs Jfrtfs3) Mehrnqum`gjmetf=) Eàf Pnetghg`ncf8) @rgnr Jfrtfs-Xgvfs1) Cmcf cn Jfrtm9) @rgnr Jfrtf-Xgvf jngfr7) Bnjmetf cm Knesimm

JNAGNP CF C[]GCN PNEA[MESF

Jnagns cm eêvmb 4@nusnr Hmrgjmetfs Bmvms@fesmrtnr@rgnr Îaun@urnr Hmrgjmetfs JêegjfsCmtm`tnr JnagnCmtm`tnr XmemefGetugr CgrmáàfBmr JnagnFrgmetnáàfTurghg`nr @fjgcn m Kmkgcn[msgstïe`gnSfrpfrXgrtucm

Jnagns >¿ Eêvmb@nusnr Hmrgjmetfs Bmvms@nusnr JmcfGevf`nr Nbgncf Cgnkðbg`f G@urnr Hmrgjmetfs BmvmsCmtm`tnr Negjngs fu TbnetnsCmtm`tnr Nrjncgbins m TfáfsHfaf cm HnmrgmGevgsgkgbgcncm pnrn NegjngsEçvfn FksùrnTnssf smj [nstrfTrmsn Jîag`n[ngf cm Mehrnqum`gjmetfPupfrtnr MbmjmetfsSfqum Jn`nkrf

Jnagns cm ;¿ EêvmbNjfbm`mr Smrrn m Tmcrn

Nqum`mr JmtngsNssustnrKfrràfMshrgnr JmtnbGevf`nr Nbgncf Cgnkðbg`f GG

@fevf`nr Mexnjm@frrfjpmecf SrmvnsCmtm`tnr TmesnjmetfsMe`netnr Tmssfn fu NegjnbHnbnr `fj NegjngsJàf Mspm`trnbFkomtf FksùrfTrmecmr NegjnbTrfcuzgr [ncgnáàfTrfbfeanr Xmemefûmkrnr[msgstgr n Mbmjmetfs[mstnurnáàf JmefrSmgnSfqum cf @nregánb

Jnagns cm 0 ¿ Eêvmb@nusnr Hmrgjmetfs Jfcmrncfs@gbncn@fetîagf@rms`mr Tbnetns@urnr Hmrgjmetfs JfcmrncfsCgjgeugr TbnetnsCfjgenr NegjngsHfrjntf cn TmcrnGevf`nr Nbgncf Cgnkðbg`f GGGBnjn mj TmcrnEmutrnbgznr XmemefTg`f cm @rms`gjmetfTrmsn Jîag`n JngfrTrftmáàf @fetrn Mbmjmetfs[mjfvmr Cfmeán[mspgrnr en ÎaunSfqum Xnjpêrg`fXmemef

Jnagns cm 3 ¿ Eêvmb@nusnr Hmrgjmetfs Arnvms@fetrfbnr Tbnetns@urnr Hmrgjmetfs ArnvmsCgssgpnr JnagnMxtgeaugrGevf`nr Nbgncf Cgnkðbg`f GXBgkmrcncm cm JfvgjmetfJmcfTg`f cm Tmcrns[mpmbgr GesmtfsXmrjm AganetmXgcïe`gn

Jnagns cm = ¿ EêvmbNjpbgnr NegjngsNegjnr Jfrtf-Xgvf



Augn @fjpbmtf pnrn Crfws =4

@nusnr Hmrgjmetfs @rêtg`fs@fetrfbnr Xmetfs@urnr Hmrgjmetfs @rêtg`fsCmspmrtnrGevf`nr Nbgncf Cgnkðbg`f X

Bnjn mj TmcrnBmr JnagnJurnbin `fj @rnvfsTnrmcm [ncgfntgvnTmcrn mj BnjnTrnan cm GesmtfsTrftmáàf @fetrn n JfrtmPnetghg`nr

Jnagns cm 8 ¿ EêvmbNenbgsnr me`netnjmetf@grùbf cn JfrtmMe`fetrnr f @njgeifCgssgpnr Jnagn Jngfr@êrùbf cm @urnTueif cm Hmrrf[mpmbgr [ncgnáàf@fevmrsnr ̀ fj TmcrnsGevf`nr Nbgncf Cgnkðbg`f XGSmbmtrnespfrtm pfr ÎrvfrmsTnrmcm cm Tmcrn

Jnagns cm 1 ¿ eêvmbNbtmrnr Hfrjn@fetrfbnr Jfrtf-XgvfCmcf cn JfrtmArnecm Xgcïe`gnTrmoucg`nr@urnrGrrncgnrGevf`nr Nbgncf Cgnkðbg`f XGGJmtnb mj JncmgrnXgsàf cn Xmrcncm@njgeinr ef Xmetf

Jnagns cm 9 ¿ Eêvmb@bfem@fjnecnr TbnetnsCmcf cn JfrtmGevf`nr Nbgncf Cgnkðbg`f XGGGTnbnvrn cm [m`frcnáàf[mpmbgr jmtnb fu pmcrn[mvmrtmr ArnvgcncmPm`n Ifrrêvmb

Jnagns cm 7 ¿ EêvmbNbtmrnr HfrjnNetgpntgn@urnr Hmrgjmetfs @rêtg`fs mj JnssnCrgssgpnr JnagnMexnjm MbmjmetnbGevf`nr Nbgncf Cgnkðbg`f GYTrmvgcïe`gn

PgjpntgnSmrrmjftf

JNAGNP CF BËJGEN PFJK[GN

Jnagns cm >¿ EêvmbNtnqum PfjkrgfCmtm`tnr Tfrtns Pm`rmtnsCfrjgrJàfs PfjkrgnsEçvfn PfjkrgnPfjkrnXmetrgbfqugsjf

Jnagns cm ; ¿ EêvmbKfrràf@maumgrn / PurcmzMsùrgcàfTrftmáàf ̀ fetrn HbmìnsPfjkrnXgsàf ef Msùrf

Jnagns cm 0 ¿ Eêvmb@nvnbf HnetnsjnCghgùbtnr Cmtm`áàfHnbnr `fj PfjkrnsBëjgen PfjkrgnTnrmcm cm Pfjkrns

Jnagns cm 3 ¿ EêvmbMemrvnáàfBgkmrcncm cm Jfvgjmetf@feournáàf cm PfjkrnSnjpnr Xgsàf

Huecgr Nbjn

Huecgr Nbjn G@rgnr ÎaunNjnbcgáfnrPupfrtnr MbmjmetfsTrftmáàf `fetrn f Kmj[msgstïe`gnXgrtucm

Huecgr Nbjn GG Cmtm`tnr n BmgCmtm`tnr f KmjMsùcfTrmecmr n Nbjn[msgstïe`gn n MbmjmetfsPgbïe`gf

Huecgr Nbjn GGG



Augn @fjpbmtf pnrn Crfws =>

@maumgrn / Purcmz@fetîagf@êr`ubf Jîag`f `fetrn f KmjHuecgr-sm `fj TmcrnBuz cm Hfaf

Bëjgen Pfjkrgn

Huecgr Nbjn GX Cgssgpnr f Kmj

Cgssgpnr JnagnBgkmrcncm cm JfvgjmetfCghg`ubtnr Cmtm`áàfTfbgjfrhfMspncn Njnbcgáfncn (rmvmrsf cm Mspncn

Pnarncn)



Augn @fjpbmtf pnrn Crfws =;

EFXNP JNAGNP

Nrjncurn Xmemefsn@feournáàf (@rgnáàf) \Hfrán, XmemefZ

Eêvmb? @br Xmemef 3, Hmt / Jna 3@fjpfemetms? X, A, HCSmjpf cm Mxmùáàf? > náàfNb`ne`m? SfqumNbvf? @rgnturn tf`ncnCurnáàf? > ifrn / eêvmb[msgstïe`gn? Xfetncm neubn (gefhmesgvf)[msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn? Pgj (gefhmesgvf)]j `njpf cm hfrán `fr vmrcm mevfbvm cmvmemef n nrjncurn, prfpfr`gfenecf +=pfetfs cm [msgstïe`gn `fetrn Xmemef pfr eêvmbcf `feourncfr m uj kóeus cm +8 mj Cmhbmxàfen @N. @fjf n jnagn Nrjncurn Nr`nen, nnrjncurn usncn `fj mstn jnagn eàf tmj

emeiujn Tmenbgcncm pfr Nrjncurn, Hnbin cmJnagn Nr`nen fu [mcuáàf cm Xmbf`gcncm.]jn vmz qum mstn nrjncurn ç hmgtn cmmemragn, `rgnturns mtçrmns eàf pfcmj gaefrî-bn, `fjf hnzmj `fj nrjncurns efrjngs.N [msgstïe`gn n Xmemef vmj en hfrjn cmrmcuáàf cm cnefs, -= pfetfs (pfr eêvmb cf`feourncfr) cf cnef tftnb `nusncf mj qumjmstgvmr usnecf n Nrjncurn Xmemefsn. Mstmssmràf `fesgcmrncfs pfetfs mxtrns cm vgcn, qumsð pfcmj smr usncfs `fetrn cnef pfr vmemef.Pm uj tgpf cm ntnqum pfr vmemef tgvmr futrfsmhmgtfs, mstn nrjncurn hfrem`mrî nf usuîrgfuj kóeus cm +> pfr eêvmb cm `feourncfr pnrn

snbvn-bf.Hf`f? ]j sn`f cm vmemef cm ujn nrnein, m`nrnpnán cm uj kmsfurf.

Ntnqum PfjkrgfNcgvgeináàf \PfjkrnZEêvmb? Hmt / Jna >@fjpfemetms? X, HCSmjpf cm Mxmùáàf? > náàf pncràfNb`ne`m? SfqumCurnáàf? > rfcncn / eêvmb cm `feourncfrMstn jnagn bim `fe`mcm ujn vgsàf cn prðxgjnnáàf cf gegjgaf. Pun rfbnamj cm Geg`gntgvn tmrî+3 cm kóeus. Nbçj cgssf, vf`ï tnjkçj aneinuj kóeus cm +>4 en sun prðxgjn ofancn cmntnqum (cmetrf cf pmrêfcf cm curnáàf cfhmgtgáf). Xf`ï eàf smrî nhmtncf pmbn @ine`mcm Hnbin, npbg`ncn nfs ntnqums `fetrn nbvfsfùbtfs. Eàf jngs cf qum ujn ofancn cmntnqum pfcm rm`mkmr mstm kóeus jîag`f.Hf`f? N sun nrjn `frpf n `frpf ç f hf`fcmstm hmgtgáf.

@iuvn XmemefsnMvf`náàf \XmemefZ

Eêvmb? @br Xmemef 9@fjpfemetms? X, A, HCSmjpf cm Mxmùáàf? > náàf pncràfNb`ne`m? Bfeaf (>;; j + >; j / eêvmb).Mhmgtf? euvmj cm 7 jmtrfs cm rngf cm ìuvnvmemefsn.Curnáàf? > rfcncn / eêvmb[msgstïe`gn? [mhbmxf neubn (vmr tmxtf)[msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn? PgjMssn jnagn `rgn ujn euvmj cm vnpfrms qumcmrrnjn ujn ìuvn cm vmemef mj tfcfsnqumbms qum mstgvmrmj mjkngxf. N euvmj smjfvm ntrnvçs cf nr, n ujn vmbf`gcncm cm 7jmtrfs pfr rfcncn. Xf`ï pfcm sm `fe`metrnr

mj `fetrfbnr n euvmj curnetm `ncnjfvgjmetf fu mspm`ghg`nr ujn rftn sgjpbms,`fjf jfvmr pnrn hrmetm, mj `êrùbfs, fu nbafsmjmbinetm. Cgrm`gfenr f jfvgjmetf cneuvmj fu jucnr sun rftn ç ujn náàf pncràfpnrn vf`ï. N euvmj smjprm sm jfvm curnetmf smu turef en frcmj cm geg`gntgvn. Pm neuvmj jfvm-sm nbçj cf nb`ne`m cn jnagn,mbn vng sm jfvmr mj ujn cgrmáàf nbmntðrgn pfr>C8 rfcncns m cmpfgs sm cgssgpnr.F vmemef qum `ng n pnrtgr cn euvmj ç jfrtnbpnrn tfcfs nqumbms qum metrnj mj `fetntf`fj mbm. ]j tmstm cm [mhbmxfs kmj-su`mcgcf`fetrn sun @C pmrjgtm qum ns `rgnturns sfk n

euvmj snbtmj pnrn hfrn cn îrmn cm mhmgtfenqumbn rfcncn. Pm f tmstm hnbinr, ns `rgnturnssmràf mevmemencns pmbn ìuvn. Mstm vmemef`nusn ;C8 pfetfs cm cnef tmjpfrîrgfs en@festgtugáàf m, npðs uj jgeutf, jngs ;C8pfetfs cm cnefs pmrjnemetms en@festgtugáàf. F cnef pfr vmemef eàf tmjtmstm cm [msgstïe`gn (npmens f [mhbmxf geg`gnb,pnrn sngr cf `njgeif cn euvmj). [msgstïe`gnä Jnagn eàf gjpmcm ujn `rgnturn cm tfjnrcnef (rfbnecf [msgstïe`gn ä Jnagnefrjnbjmetm). N mxpfsgáàf `fetêeun eàfnùjubn fs mhmgtfs, emeiujn `rgnturn pmrcmrîjngs cm 3C8 @fe ntrnvçs cmstn jnagn.@rgnturns qum sàf rmcuzgcfs n uj vnbfr cm@festgtugáàf gaunb n 4, pfr jmgf cmstn jnagn,pfcmràf smr rmnegjncfs pmbn jnagn NegjnrJfrtf-Xgvf `fjf uj tgpf mspm`gnb cm jfrtf-vgvf ìnjncf cm _ujkg Xmemefsf (vmrNpïecg`m >? Efvfs Jfestrfs).

@frrfjpmecf SrmvnsMvf`náàf \SrmvnsZEêvmb? Crugcn Pnearmetf ;




@fjpfemetms? X, HCSmjpf cm Mxmùáàf? > náàf pncràfNb`ne`m? (04 j + >4 j / eêvmb).Îrmn? mjnenáàf mj hfrjn cm `femCurnáàf? >4 jgeutfs / eêvmb (C)

[msgstïe`gn? [mhbmxfs neubn (vmr tmxtf)[msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn? Pgj

Mssn jnagn `rgn uj `fem cm gbujgenáàfsfjkrgn `fj smu nb`ne`m jîxgjf. Sfcns ns`rgnturns en îrmn aneinj Fùbtnáàf (;4%ìne`m cm mrrf). Jmsjf ns `rgnturns qumefrjnbjmetm pfcmj vmr mj tngs `fecgáýms,`fj vgsàf ef msùrf fu vgsàf en pmeujkrn,tïj n ìne`m cm hnbinr mequnetf mstgvmr sfkmhmgtf cmstn jnagn.Buzms efrjngs (tfìns, vmbns, bnetmrens, mnssgj pfr cgnetm) sàf ge`npnzms cm gbujgenr nîrmn, nssgj `fjf n jnagn Buz cm eêvmbgehmrgfr. Jnagn Buz cm eêvmb Pupmrgfr eàf sàfnhmtncns pmbn msùrgcàf.Nbçj cgssf, tfcns ns `rgnturns cmetrf cn îrmncn jnagn, jmsjf nbgncfs, cmvmj hnzmr ujtmstm cm [mhbmxfs kmj-su`mcgcf pnrn mvgtnr>C3 TX cm cnef pfr î`gcf pfr eêvmb cm`feourncfr (jîxgjf >4C3).

Mspncn PfjkrgnMvf`náàf \Aumrrn, PfjkrnZEêvmb? Hmt / Jna 0, Aumrrn 0, @br Pfjkrn 0@fjpfemetms? X, A, HCSmjpf cm Mxmùáàf? > náàf pncràfNb`ne`m? SfqumCurnáàf? > rfcncn / eêvmb[msgstïe`gn? Emeiujn[msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn? Pgj]jn mspncn hmgtn cm sfjkrns npnrm`m en sunjàf. Xf`ï ç `npnz cm ntn`nr gjmcgntnjmetm`fj mbn. @nusnecf >C9 pfetfs cm cnef m eàfpfcm smr kbfqumncn pfr ujn nrjncurn hêsg`nfu msùcfs, pnssnecf ntrnvçs cmbms.Nrjncurns m Msùcfs eàf `fetnj en @N`fetrn mssn nrjn, pfrqum n mspncn pnssnntrnvçs cmbms. Cmstrmzn, Cmhbmxàf, Snjneif,Nrjncurn Enturnb m futrfs tgpfs cm kóeusngecn sm npbg`nj en @N. ]jn MspncnPfjkrgn eàf pfcm prmoucg`nr jfrtfs-vgvfs,`festru`tfs m fkomtfs.

Hnbnr `fj PfjkrnsNcgvgeináàf \PfjkrnZEêvmb? Hmt / Jna 0@fjpfemetms? X, ASmjpf cm Mxmùáàf? > náàf pncràfNb`ne`m? SfqumNbvf? Xf`ï

Curnáàf? > jgeutf / eêvmbXf`ï pfcm `fjprmmecmr m `fjueg`nr-sm `fjsfjkrns, ge`bugecf `rgnturns cns sfjkrns msfjkrns efrjngs `rgncns pfr fkomtfs m futrfssmrms. Xf`ï ç `npnz cm hnzmr pmrauetns m

rm`mkmr rmspfstns cns sfjkrns. F smesf cmrmnbgcncm cm ujn sfjkrn efrjnb ç sukomtgvn,ujn vmz qum ns sfjkrns jucnj `fehfrjm smnprfxgjn cn msùrgcàf fu cn buz, cm jfcfqum eàf smrî `npnz cm cnr (fu rm`feim`mr)cms`rgáýms cmtnbincns cns `rgnturns, furmspfecmr pmrauetns hfrn cf qum pfssn tmrtmstmjueincf.Mssn jnagn eàf hnz cns sfjkrns `rgnturnsnjgaîvmgs fu `ffpmrntgvns. Pfjkrnsgetmbgametms sàf `nutmbfsns m nstutns,sus`mptêvmgs n jmetgr m smrmj mvnsgvns,mequnetf ns Pfjkrns smj getmbgaïe`gn (ujnsfjkrn cm uj fkomtf, pfr mxmjpbf) vàf hnzmr`fjmetîrgfs hÿtmgs.

Hbmìn Xmemefsn@feournáàf (@rgnáàf)Eêvmb? Hmt / Jna 8, Xmemef =@fjpfemetms? X, A, J, HCSmjpf cm Mxmùáàf? > náàf pncràfNb`ne`m? Bfeaf (>;; j + >; j / eêvmb)Mhmgtf? ]jn hbmìn `fj vmemef.Curnáàf? GestnetëemnSmstm cm [msgstïe`gn? Hfrtgtucm neubn fsmhmgtfs cf vmemef.[msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn? Pgj]jn hbmìn jîag`n `fj vmemef ç `rgncn.Xf`ï cmvm tmr su`mssf mj uj ntnqum cmtfqum ä cgstëe`gn pnrn ntgeagr f nbvf. N hbmìn`nusn >c3 pfetfs cm cnef jîag`f m hfrán fnbvf n hnzmr uj tmstm cm Hfrtgtucm. Pm f tmstmhnbinr, f pmrsfenamj sfhrm cnef en Hfrán,`fjf sm mstgvmssm nhmtncf pmbn jnagnXmemef.@fjpfemetm Jntmrgnb? pçtnbn cm ujn hbfr. Hf`f? ]jn hbmìn (pfcm smr sukstgtuêcn pfruj sêjkfbf snarncf sm `feourncn pfr uj`feourncfr cgvgef).

Gevf`nr Nbgncf Cgnkðbg`f G

@feournáàf (Gevf`náàf) \vmr tmxtfZEêvmb? Crugcn Pnearmetf >@fjpfemetms? X, A, HCSmjpf cm Mxmùáàf? > rfcncn `fjpbmtn.Nb`ne`m? Tmqumef (1 j / ; eêvmgs)Mhmgtf? ]jn fu jngs `rgnturns, emeiujn cnscuns pfcm mstnr n jngs cm 7 j cm cgstëe`gn.Curnáàf? > rfcncn / eêvmb[msgstïe`gn? Emeiujn[msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn? Eàf




Mstn jnagn gevf`n ujn vmrsàf cgnkðbg`n cmujn `rgnturn enturnb, qum ntn`n smus gegjgafs.N `rgnturn pfcmrî ntn`nr gjmcgntnjmetm npðssmr gevf`ncn. N `rgnturn tmrî tfcns nsinkgbgcncms cn sun `fetrnpnrtm. Xf`ï pfcmrî

gecg`nr n cgrmáàf cn kntnbin. Ns `rgnturnsgevf`ncns namj efrjnbjmetm m cmsnpnrm`mjnf hgj cf smu turef. Ms`fbin ujn `rgnturn cmeêvmb > en tnkmbn ‒Gevf`nr Nbgncf Cgnkðbg`f‚.Sfcns ns `rgnturns en tnkmbn sàf jîs, n eàfsmr qum mspm`ghgqum f `fetrîrgf.

Gevf`nr Nbgncf Cgnkðbg`f GG@feournáàf (Gevf`náàf) \vmr tmxtfZEêvmb? Crugcn Pnearmetf ;Mhmgtf? ]jn fu jngs `rgnturns, emeiujn cmbnspfcm hg`nr jngs cf qum 7 j smpnrncns ujn cnfutrn.@fjf Gevf`nr Nbgncf Cgnkðbg`f G, mx`mtf qumvf`ï pfcm ìnjnr ujn `rgnturn cm eêvmb ; fu>c0 `rgnturns cm eêvmb > cf jmsjf tgpf.

Gevf`nr Nbgncf Cgnkðbg`f GGG@feournáàf (Gevf`náàf) \vmr tmxtfZEêvmb? Crugcn Pnearmetf 0Mhmgtf? ]jn fu jngs `rgnturns, emeiujn cnscuns qum pfcm smr jngs cf qum 7 jsmpnrncns ujn cn futrn.@fjf Gevf`nr Nbgncf Cgnkðbg`f G, mx`mtf qumvf`ï pfcm ìnjnr ujn `rgnturn cm eêvmb 0,>c0 `rgnturns cm eêvmb ; cf jmsjf tgpf, fu>c3 + > `rgnturn cm eêvmb > cf jmsjf tgpf.

Gevf`nr Nbgncf Cgnkðbg`f GX@feournáàf (Gevf`náàf) \vmr tmxtfZ

Eêvmb? Crugcn Pnearmetf 3Mhmgtf? ]jn fu jngs `rgnturns, emeiujn cmbnspfcm hg`nr jngs cf qum 7 j smpnrncns ujn cnfutrn.@fjf Gevf`nr Nbgncf Cgnkðbg`f G, mx`mtf qum

vf`ï pfcm ìnjnr ujn `rgnturn cm eêvmb 3,>c0 `rgnturns cm eêvmb 0 cf jmsjf tgpf, fu>c3 +> `rgnturns cm eêvmb gehmrgfr cf jmsjftgpf.

Gevf`nr Nbgncf Cgnkðbg`f X @feournáàf (Gevf`náàf) \vmr tmxtfZEêvmb? Crugcn Pnearmetf =Mhmgtf? ]jn fu jngs `rgnturns, emeiujn cmbnspfcm hg`nr jngs cf qum 7 j smpnrncns ujn cnfutrn.@fjf Gevf`nr Nbgncf Cgnkðbg`f G, mx`mtf qumvf`ï pfcm ìnjnr ujn `rgnturn cm eêvmb =,>c0 `rgnturns cm eêvmb 3 cf jmsjf tgpf, fu>c3 +> `rgnturns cm eêvmb gehmrgfr cf jmsjftgpf.

Gevf`nr Nbgncf Cgnkðbg`f XG@feournáàf (Gevf`náàf) \vmr tmxtfZEêvmb? Crugcn Pnearmetf 8Mhmgtf? ]jn fu jngs `rgnturns, emeiujn cmbnspfcm hg`nr jngs cf qum 7 j smpnrncns ujn cnfutrn.@fjf Gevf`nr Nbgncf Cgnkðbg`f G, mx`mtf qumvf`ï pfcm ìnjnr ujn `rgnturn cm eêvmb 8,>c0 `rgnturns cm eêvmb = cf jmsjf tgpf, fu>c3 +> `rgnturns cm eêvmb gehmrgfr cf jmsjftgpf.



Augn @fjpbmtf pnrn Crfws ==

Gevf`nr Nbgncf Cgnkðbg`f

Eêvmb >Cmjóegf Crmtì

Cgnkf BïjurmKmsfurf Cgnkðbg`fNrnein Cgnkðbg`n

Xêkfrn Cgnkðbg`n (Jgÿcn)

Eêvmb ;Cmjóegf ûnsgt

Smxuaf Cgnkðbg`fJfr`maf Cgnkðbg`f

[ntf Cgnkðbg`fXêkfrn Cgnkðbg`n (Tmqumen)

Eêvmb 0Cgnkf cns @frrmetms

Smxuaf Cgnkðbg`fJfr`maf Cgnkðbg`f

Mbmjmetnb (Tmqumef)Xêkfrn Cgnkðbg`n (Jçcgn)

Eêvmb 3Cgnkf Antf Gehmrenb

Smxuaf Ntrfz Cgnkðbg`fJfr`maf Ntrfz Cgnkðbg`f

Xêkfrn Cgnkðbg`n (Arnecm)Yfre Gehmrgfr

Eêvmb =Cgnkf Knrkncf

Mbmjmetnb (Jçcgf)Xêkfrn Cgnkðbg`n (Mefrjm)

Pnbnjnecrn

Eêvmb 8Cmjóegf Kmkgbgti Cgnkf cm @ighrms

Mbmjmetnb (Arnecm) Yfre

Eêvmb 1Cmjóegf Abnkrmzu

Mbmjmetnb (Mefrjm) Yfre Ne`gàf

Eêvmb 9Cmjóegf Jnrgbgti Cgnkf cf Ambf

Mbmjmetnb (Pupmrgfr) Pnbnjnecrn Efkrm

Eêvmb 7Cmjóegf Knbfr

Cgnkf Bfrcm cns TrfhuecmznsMbmjmetnb (Ne`gàf)

Gevf`nr Nbgncf Cgnkðbg`f XGG@feournáàf (Gevf`náàf) \vmr tmxtfZEêvmb? Crugcn Pnearmetf 1Mhmgtf? ]jn fu jngs `rgnturns, emeiujn cmbnspfcm hg`nr jngs cf qum 7 j smpnrncns ujn cnfutrn.@fjf Gevf`nr Nbgncf Cgnkðbg`f G, mx`mtf qum

vf`ï pfcm ìnjnr ujn `rgnturn cm eêvmb 1,>c0 `rgnturns cm eêvmb 8 cf jmsjf tgpf, fu>c3+> `rgnturns cm eêvmb gehmrgfr cf jmsjftgpf.

Gevf`nr Nbgncf Cgnkðbg`f XGGG @feournáàf (Gevf`náàf) \vmr tmxtfZEêvmb? Crugcn Pnearmetf 9Mhmgtf? ]jn fu jngs `rgnturns, emeiujn cmbnspfcm hg`nr jngs cf qum 7 j smpnrncns ujn cnfutrn.@fjf Gevf`nr Nbgncf Cgnkðbg`f G, mx`mtf qumvf`ï pfcm ìnjnr ujn `rgnturn cm eêvmb 9,

>c0 `rgnturns cm eêvmb 1 cf jmsjf tgpf, fu>c3+> `rgnturns cm eêvmb gehmrgfr cf jmsjftgpf.

Gevf`nr Nbgncf Cgnkðbg`f GY@feournáàf (Gevf`náàf) \vmr tmxtfZEêvmb? Crugcn Pnearmetf 7Mhmgtf? ]jn fu jngs `rgnturns, emeiujn cmbnspfcm hg`nr jngs cf qum 7 j smpnrncns ujn cnfutrn.

@fjf Gevf`nr Nbgncf Cgnkðbg`f G, mx`mtf qumvf`ï pfcm ìnjnr ujn `rgnturn cm eêvmb 7,>c0 `rgnturns cm eêvmb 9 cf jmsjf tgpf, fu>c3+> `rgnturns cm eêvmb gehmrgfr cf jmsjftgpf.

Gevf`nr Nbjn cn Nrnein@feournáàf (Gevf`náàf)Eêvmb? @br Nrnein 7.@fjpfemetms? X, A, HC.Smjpf cm Mxmùáàf? > rfcncn `fjpbmtn.Nb`ne`m? @urtf (1 j + >,= j / ; eêvmgs).Mhmgtf? Gevf`n >c3 Nbjns cn Nrnein.Curnáàf? > rfcncn / eêvmb cm `feourncfr[msgstïe`gn? emeiujn[msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn? EàfMstn jnagn gevf`n >c3 Nbjns cn Nrnein (vmrf `npêtubf Efvfs Jfestrfs) pnrn noucnr efqum hfr prm`gsf. Ns Nbjns cn Nrneinnpnrm`mj fecm vf`ï cmsgaenr m namj

gjmcgntnjmetm, ef smu turef.

GrrncgnrMvf`náàf \[ncgnáàfZEêvmb? Crugcn Pnearmetf 1@fjpfemetms? X, A, JSmjpf cm Mxmùáàf? > náàf pncràfNb`ne`m? Bfeaf (>;; j + >; j / eêvmb).Îrmn? Trfpnanáàf cm ;4 j cm rngfCurnáàf? Gestnetëemn




[msgstïe`gn? [mhbmxfs rmcuz ä jmtncm.[msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn? Pgj@rgn ujn kfbn cm memragn rncgfntgvn qum pfcmsmr nrrmjmssncn `fetrn fs ncvmrsîrgfs,`nusnecf >C>4 pfetfs cm cnef pfr rncgnáàf

pfr eêvmb cm `feourncfr (Jîxgjf ;4C>4) pnrntfcns ns `rgnturns mj ujn îrmn cm 8 jmtrfscm rngf. Fkomtfs tnjkçj pfcmj tfjnr mssmcnef m eàf sm snbvnr `fetrn f mhmgtf.N kfbn cm memragn rncgfntgvn npnrm`m en pnbjncn sun jàf m pfcm smr nrrmjmssncn. N mshmrnnzub-msvmrcmncn, mj smaugcn, nvneán ntç fcmstgef cmsmoncf m mxpbfcm mj ujn krgbinetmmxpbfsàf vmrcm-nrrfxmncn, `nusnecf cnefs ätucf cmetrf cn îrmn. Pm n kfbn `fbgcm `fj ujnknrrmgrn hêsg`n netms qum mbn ìmaum nf smucmstgef, n kfbn mxpbfcm prmjnturnjmetm,`nusnecf cnefs nf fkomtf ntgeagcf m tucf mjvfbtn, mj uj rngf cm 8 j cn mxpbfsàf.@fjpfemetm Jntmrgnb? ]j pmqumefhrnajmetf cm cgnjnetm qum ç cmstruêcfqunecf n jnagn ç bneáncn.

Jnìncf cm AnjnliMvf`náàf \HfránZEêvmb? @br (Aumrrn) 7@fjpfemetms? X, A, HCSmjpf cm Mxmùáàf? > náàf pncràfNb`ne`m? TmssfnbMhmgtf? Jnìncf cm Hfrán Jnag`nCurnáàf? > jgeutf / eêvmb[msgstïe`gn? Emeiujn[msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn? Eàf

Fs pfu`fs Crfw qum vmemrnj Anjnli usnjmstn jnagn cm cfjêegf mj `fjkntm `fjf nnrjn cmhgegtgvn `fetrn fs smus gegjgafs. Tfrjmgf cmstn jnagn, surom uj jnìncf jîag`fcm arnecm pfcmr. F Jnìncf cm Anjnli çuj jnìncf jîag`f arnecm +=. Ç tftnbjmetmsmj pmsf. F jnìncf `nusn ;C>; pfetfs cmcnef mj uj ntnqum kmj-su`mcgcf `fetrn ujncvmrsîrgf, jngs cfgs pfetfs cm cnef pfr eêvmbcf @bçrgaf (jîxgjf cm 34). Pm f ncvmrsîrgf hfruj jfrtf-vgvf, tfcf f cnef ç trgpbg`ncf. Fjnìncf cm Anjnli eàf pfcm smr cncf nfutrn `rgnturn, m cmsnpnrm`m cn mxgstïe`gn`nsf f pfrtncfr smon cmsnrjncf fu hgqumge`fes`gmetm.

Jàf cm SfrfrtiueEm`rfjne`gn \XmemefZEêvmb? @br (Xmemef) 7@fjpfemetms? X, A, HCSmjpf cm Mxmùáàf? > náàf pncràfNb`ne`m? ;= j

Nbvf? ]jn `rgnturn vgvnCurnáàf? Gestnetëemn[msgstïe`gn? Hfrtgtucm neubn (vmr tmxtf)[msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn? PgjMstm hmgtgáf tmrrêvmb ç n jngfr ifern qum

qunbqumr ncfrncfr cm Sfrfrtiue pfcm rm`mkmr.ûnecf mstm hmgtgáf ç bneáncf, ujn arnecmmxpbfsàf cm memragn vmemefsn ç bgkmrncn`fetrn uj ÿeg`f nbvf. Pm f nbvf hnbinr mj ujtmstm cm Hfrtgtucm, mbm jfrrm mj ujn ifrrêvmbmxpbfsàf cm metrneins m kfbins pmanofsns cmvmemef. ]jn `rgnturn jfrtn cmstn hfrjn, eàfpfcmrî smr rmssus`gtncn pfr qunbqumr jnagncf tgpf Cmsmof.@festrutfs, jfrtfs-vgvfs m `rgnturns gjuems nsu`mssfs cm`gsgvfs eàf pfcmj smrprmoucg`ncns pmbn jnagn.N mxpbfsàf mxgam qum tfcns ns `rgnturnscmetrf cm uj rngf cm >4 jmtrfs hnánj ujtmstm cm [mhbmxfs. Pm mstm tmstm hnbinr, mssns`rgnturns rm`mkmj ;C>; pfetfs cm cnef m>4C8 ncg`gfenb pfr hrnajmetfs cm fssfsmevmemencfs qum vfnj.@rgnturns qum jfrrmrmj pmbf cnef vmemefsfpfcmj smr rmssus`gtncns efrjnbjmetm.

Jàfs PfjkrgnsSrnesjutnáàf \PfjkrnZEêvmb? Hmt / Jna >, @br Pfjkrn >@fjpfemetms? X, ASmjpf cm Mxmùáàf? > náàfNb`ne`m? 0 jMhmgtf? mxpbfsàf smjg`grùbnr cm sfjkrns 0 jcm `fjprgjmetf, `metrncn ens suns jàfs.Curnáàf? Gestnetëemn[msgstïe`gn? [mhbmxfs rmcuz jmtncm[msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn? Pgj]jn fecn cm msùrgcàf sng cm suns jàfs.Xf`ï cmvm uegr suns jàfs m, mj smaugcn,smpnrî-bns rnpgcnjmetm, mj qunbqumr cgrmáàf.N bëjgen cm msùrgcàf ç qunsm tàf arfssnqunetf sun jàf.ûnbqumr `rgnturn en îrmn cm nb`ne`m rm`mkm>C3 pfetfs cm cnef pfr hrgf pfr eêvmb cm`feourncfr (jîxgjf cm =C3). Mssn jnagn mstîrmbn`gfencn `fj n jnagn cn supmrhê`gm JàfsHbnjmonetms, jns ç `fesgcmrncn jngs prîtg`nmj uj njkgmetm smj buz, m tmj smrvgcf nfsCrfws Bëjgens Pfjkrgns jugtf kmj pfrjugtfs nefs.

Jnrtmbf cf @nfsMvf`náàf \HfránZEêvmb? @br (Aumrrn) 7@fjpfemetms? X, A, HCSmjpf cm Mxmùáàf? > náàf pncràf




Nb`ne`m? >;; j (+ 34 j / eêvmb).Mhmgtf? Jnrtmbf cm Aumrrn cn HfránCurnáàf? > jgeutf / eêvmb[msgstïe`gn? Emeiujn[msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn? Eàf

Mstn jnagn cm Cfjêegf cn Aumrrn `rgn ujjnrtmbf `rnvmoncf cm purn hfrán, geg`gnecf ujntnqum snearmetf. F jnrtmbf, hmgtf cm memragnrukrn, jntmrgnbgzn en jmsjn rfcncn, metàf,`nusn Hÿrgn.F jnrtmbf tmj `fjf nbvf f gegjgaf jngsprðxgjf. Mbm ntn`n `fjf sm hfssm uj jnrtmbf+=, cnecf nf pfssugcfr >9 cm Hfrán m fjmsjf Kóeus Knsm cm Ntnqum mqugvnbmetm nfeêvmb cf pmrsfenamj (ge`bugecf vîrgfsntnqums, sm hfr f `nsf).En prgjmgrn rfcncn, f Jnrtmbf cf @nfs cmcg`ntfcfs fs smus ntnqums nfs gegjgafs jngsprðxgjfs. Pm f prgjmgrf nbvf ç jfrtf, mbmntn`n futrf nbmntfrgnjmetm, eujn cgstëe`gn cmntç 08 j. Fs ntnqums suksmqòmetms`fetgeunj n jucnr fs nbvfs nbmntfrgnjmetmmj `ncn rfcncn, ntç qum f tmjpf n`nkm fuqum eàf inon jngs gegjgafs.Pm pnssnr cuns rfcncns smj gegjgafs, fjnrtmbf cmsnpnrm`m.F jnrtmbf tmj ujn jmetm prðprgn. Mbm smjprmntn`n fs gegjgafs, jns cmpmecm cnpmrspm`tgvn cm Anjnli. ]j nbgncf tnjkçjpfcm smr ntn`ncf pmbf jnrtmbf, `nsf tmeinbutncf `fetrn Anjnli ef pnssncf. Sfcfs qumtmeinj trnêcf Anjnli vàf smr ntn`ncfs pmbfJnrtmbf cm Aumrrn, nssgj `fjf tfcfs fs eàf-hgçgs cm Anjnli qum usnrmj f jnrtmbf.@fe`metrnáàf ç em`mssîrgn pnrn n nrjn`fetgeunr butnecf.Mj tfcfs fs futrfs nspm`tfs, ç gaunb n jnagnNrjn Mspgrgtunb.

Jurnbin `fj @rnvfs@feournáàf (@rgnáàf)Eêvmb? Crugcn Pnearmetf =@fjpfemetms? X, ASmjpf cm Mxmùáàf? > náàf pncràfNb`ne`m? Jçcgf (04 j + 0 j / eêvmb)Mhmgtf? Jurnbin `fj `rnvfs rfìfsfs, cm ntç

0 j; / eêvmb.Curnáàf? >4 jgeutfs / eêvmbSmstm cm [msgstïe`gn? Emeiuj[msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn? Eàf@fjf sun `fetrnpnrtm crugcn, Jurnbin cmMspgeifs, n Jurnbin `fj @rnvfs `rgn ujnknrrmgrn cm `rnvfs rfìfsfs - `fjfmjnrneincfs cm vgcmgrn nhgncfs. ûnbqumr`rgnturn qum hfránr n pnssnamj pfr ujnJurnbin `fj @rnvfs bmvn +;4 pfetfs cm cnef

pfr rfcncn, mequnetf mstgvmr sm jfvmecfntrnvçs cn jurnbin. Nbçj cmstm cnef, n`rgnturn qum mstgvmr ntrnvmssnecf n îrmntnjkçj rm`mkm +> pfetf cm cnef tmjpfrîrgfmj @festgtugáàf pfr rfcncn. Cmstrmzn m Kóeus

cm Msqugvn en @N eàf `fetnj pnrn mssm`îbùbf. Pm fs Tfetfs cm Xgcn hfrmj rmcuzgcfspnrn >4 fu jmefs pfetfs, n `rgnturn eàfpmrcmrî jngs uj pfetf cm cnef tmjpfrîrgf en@festgtugáàf.@rgnturns pfcmj hfránr smu `njgeif ntrnvçscn Jurnbin `fj @rnvfs, hnzmecf uj tmstm cmHfrán (@C ;3). N `rgnturn pfcm jfvmr-smntrnvçs cmbn uj eÿjmrf cm jmtrfs gaunb nfrmsubtncf cf tmstm cm Hfrán - ;0, pfrtnetf,ujn `rgnturn qum rfbfu uj tmstm cm Hfrán : ;9smrgn `npnz cm jfvmr-sm = j emssn rfcncn.N tmetntgvn cm `frtnr n jurnbin grî rmsubtnr mjujn nrjn cneghg`ncn. Pð nrjns cm `feùssàfpfcmj cmstrugr `fj smaurneán fs tmetîùbfscm rfìn m fs `rnvfs. Sfcns ns futrns nrjnscmvmj tmr su`mssf mj uj tmstm cm Hfrtgtucm(@C gaunb n @C cn jnagn) fu bmvnrî >= pfetfscm cnef. @fesubtm f Bgvrf cf Jmstrm pnrnpfetfs cm vgcn cns nrjns m futrfs gtmes. Njnagn Cmstrugr tnjkçj hue`gfen kmj `fetrn nJurnbin `fj @rnvfs, cmsgetmarnecf-n mj ujpð hgef. N jnagn Jurnbin `fj @rnvfs smaumtfcns ns futrns rmarns cn jnagn Jurnbin cmMspgeifs.

Eçvfn Pfjkrgn@feournáàf \PfjkrnZEêvmb? Hmt / Jna >@fjpfemetms? X, ASmjpf cm Mxmùáàf? > náàf pncràfNb`ne`m? 7 jMhmgtf? ]jn eçvfn msùrn snbtn cm suns jàfsm, `metrncn mj vf`ï, sm mspnbin pfr 7 j cmbnraurn m 8 j cm nbturn.Curnáàf? > jgeutf / eêvmb[msgstïe`gn? Emeiujn[msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn? Eàf]jn eçvfn msùrn `fjmán n snbtnr n sunvfbtn. ]jn vmz `rgncn, n eçvfn sm tfren hgxn meàf pfcm smr jfvgcn.N eçvfn me`fkrm tfcn n vgsàf, ge`bugecf Xgsàfef Msùrf, cm tfcfs qum mstgvmrmj ef nb`ne`mcn jnagn. ûnbqumr `rgnturn qum mstmon n jngscm = jmtrfs cm cgstëe`gn tmrî jmtncm cnfùbtnáàf (ntnqums tmràf =4% cm hnbin m fntn`netm eàf pfcmrî usnr Xgsàf ef Msùrfpnrn bf`nbgznr f nbvf).ûnbqumr buz jngs hfrtm qum n buz cm ujntfìn qum tf`nr n eçvfn, grî sm npnanr mjquntrf rfcncns. Buz sfbnr cgrmtn fu jnagn Buzcf Cgn vng cgspmrsnr n eçvfn mj ujn rfcncn.




Eçvfn Xmemefsn@feournáàf (@rgnáàf) \XmemefZEêvmb? @br Xmemef 8

@fjpfemetms? X, ASmjpf cm Mxmùáàf? > náàf pncràfNb`ne`m? Jçcgf (04 j + 0 j / eêvmb).Mhmgtf? Eçvfn sm cgspmrsn pfr 04 j cm rngf m0 jmtrfs cm nbturn.Curnáàf? > jgeutf / eêvmb.Smstm cm [msgstïe`gn? Xmr tmxtf.[msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn? PgjMssn jnagn amrn ujn getmesn eçvfn, sgjgbnr äEçvfn m Eçvfn Jfrtnb mx`mtf qum mbn npnrm`men hfrjn vmemefsn.Mssn jnagn jntn qunbqumr `rgnturn vgvn, `fj8 fu jmefs TX (smj fpfrtuegcncm cm snbvnr),m ns `rgnturns supmrgfrms n 8 TX cmvmj hnzmruj tmstm cm Hfrtgtucm pnrn tmetnr sm snbvnr, fujfrrmrî. Nqumbms qum sm snbvnj tfjnj >C8pfetfs cm cnef pfr vmemef, +> pfetf pfr eêvmbcm `feourncfr (jîxgjf cm ;4) pnrn `ncnrfcncn qum mbms pmrjnem`mrmj en EçvfnXmemefsn.@fjf n jnagn Eçvfn Jfrtnb, n EçvfnXmemefsn nvneán en vmbf`gcncm cm 0 jmtrfspfr rfcncn. N eçvfn ç jngs pmsncn qum f nr msmjprm prfùrn f pfetf jngs kngxf pnrn smcmsbf`nr, jmsjf metrnecf mj pmqumefskurn`fs fu hgssurns. N eçvfn tnjkçj pfcmjfvmr-sm n`gjn cn îaun, en jmsjnvmbf`gcncm, jns eàf pfcm sm tfrenrsuknquîtg`n.

Tnrmcm cm PfjkrnsMvf`náàf \PfjkrnZEêvmb? Hmt / Jna 0@fjpfemetms? X, A, JSmjpf cm Mxmùáàf? > náàf pncràfNb`ne`m? Jçcgf (04 j + 0 j / eêvmb).Mhmgtf? Tnrmcm cm ntç >4 j cm `fjprgjmetf m= j cm nbturn / eêvmb cm `feourncfr.Curnáàf? > rfcncn / eêvmb cm `feourncfr[msgstïe`gn? Hfrtgtucm rmcuz jmtncm[msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn? Pgj]jn `frtgen cm sfjkrn emarn npnrm`m, cnecfns `rgnturns ntrîs cn pnrmcm uj kóeus +>4 mjMs`fecmr-sm.F bncf qum rm`mkm n jnagn Tnrmcm cmPfjkrns ç knstnetm trnesbÿ`gcn, m qunbqumr`rgnturn cmstm bncf pfcm vmr ntrnvçs cmbn smjsmr prmoucg`ncn pmbn msùrgcàf. ]jn Tnrmcmcm Pfjkrns eàf pfcmj sm hfrjnr mj ujnîrmn fùpncn pfr fkomtfs hêsg`fs fu futrns`rgnturns.

N pnrmcm `nusn ;C8 pfetfs cm cnef cmmemragn emantgvn, +> pfetf pfr eêvmb cm`feourncfr (ntç uj jîxgjf cm ;4), pnrnqunbqumr `rgnturn qum tmetnr ntrnvmssî-bn.Jfrtfs-Xgvfs, tnetf `frpðrmfs qunetf

ge`frpðrmfs, smràf ùrncfs mj vmz cm tfjnrcnefs pmbn pnrmcm. ]j tmstm cm Hfrtgtucm grîrmcuzgr mssm cnef n jmtncm.Pm qunbqumr pnrtm cn Tnrmcm cm Pfjkrnsbmvnr ;4 pfetfs cm cnef pfr jnagns fu mhmgtfscm buz mj ujn rfcncn, n pnrmcm smrîcmstruêcn. ]jn jnagn cm buz `nusn >c3pfetfs cm cnef / eêvmb `fetrn n pnrmcm.@fjpfemetm Jntmrgnb? ]jn pmqumenbnetmren qum tmj sgcf pgetncn cm prmtf.

Tnrmcm [ncgfntgvnMvf`náàf \[ncgnáàfZEêvmb? Crugcn Pnearmetf =@fjpfemetms? X, A, HCSmjpf cm Mxmùáàf? > náàf pncràfNb`ne`m? Jçcgf (04 j + 0 j / eêvmb)Mhmgtf? Tnrmcm qum mjgtm rncgnáàf cm ntç 8 j / eêvmb cm nbturn< fu uj nemb cm rncgnáàf `fjuj rngf cm ntç >,= j / ; eêvmgs cf `feourncfr.Curnáàf? @fe`metrnáàf + > rfcncn / eêvmb.Smstm cm [msgstïe`gn? Xmr tmxtf[msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn? PgjN Tnrmcm [ncgfntgvn pmrjnem`m gjðvmb,mjnenecf memragn rncgfntgvn jubtg`fbfrgcn.Mj uj cfs bncfs, n pnrmcm mjgtm fecns cmstnmemragn, `nusnecf geg`gnbjmetm 0C8 pfetfs cmcnef pfr rncgnáàf, pnrn ns `rgnturns qummstgvmrmj ntç cm 0 j cm cgstëe`gn, m >C8pfetfs cm cnef pfr rncgnáàf, pnrn `rgnturnsqum mstgvmrmj metrm 0 m 8 j. Tnrn `ncnrfcncn cmpfgs cgssf, n `rgnturn rm`mkmrî ujcnef ncg`gfenb cm 0C9 pfetfs cm cnefs pfrrncgnáàf, +> pfetf pfr `ncn eêvmb cf`feourncfr (jîxgjf +;4). ûnbqumr `rgnturnqum tmetnr pnssnr ntrnvçs cn pnrmcm, rm`mkmrîcnef trgpbf.Pm n pnrmcm hfr `rgncn mj uj mspnáffùpncf pfr `rgnturns, mssns `rgnturnstfjnràf cnef `fjf sm mstgvmssm pnssnecfntrnvçs cn pnrmcm. @ncn `rgnturn pfcm mvgtnrmssm cnef hnzmecf uj tmstm cm [mhbmxfs kmjsu`mcgcf, `fetrn uj tmstm cm [msgstïe`gn cf`feourncfr. Pm n `rgnturn fktgvmr su`mssf mjsmu tmstm cm [mhbmxfs, mbn ntrnvmssn pnrn ffutrf bncf cn pnrmcm, jns rm`mkm f cnef pfrprfxgjgcncm.

Trfcuzgr [ncgnáàfMvf`náàf \[ncgnáàfZEêvmb? Crugcn Pnearmetf ;




@fjpfemetms? X, ASmjpf cm Mxmùáàf? > náàf pncràfNb`ne`m? SfqumNbvf? [ncgnáàf en pnbjn cn jàfCurnáàf? > rfcncn / eêvmb

[msgstïe`gn? Emeiujn[msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn? EàfXf`ï ç `npnz cm `rgnr kfbns cm rncgnáàf mjsun jàf. N pfu`n buz mjgtgcn pmbn rncgnáàfgbujgen uj îrmn cm ntç >4 jmtrfs, m emj vf`ïfu smu mqugpnjmetf smràf prmoucg`ncfs.Xf`ï pfcm ntn`nr fs ncvmrsîrgfs `fj ujntnqum cm tfqum `frpf n `frpf, `fj cnefs`nusncfs pmbn rncgnáàf cm >C3 + > pfetfpnrn `ncn cfgs eêvmgs cf `feourncfr (jîxgjfcm >4). Xf`ï tnjkçj pfcm bneánr n kfbn cmrncgnáàf ntç 08 jmtrfs `fjf sm bneánssm ujnnrjn. Nf hnzmr gssf, vf`ï cmvm hnzmr ujntnqum cm tfqum ä cgstëe`gn (smj emeiujnpmenbgcncm) m trntnr fs cnefs `fjf uj ntnqum`frpf n `frpf.Pm n curnáàf pmrjgtgr, n rncgnáàf rmnpnrm`mmj sun jàf, cmpfgs cm nrrmjmssncn.

Tueif cm HmrrfSrnesjutnáàfEêvmb? Crugcn Pnearmetf 8@fjpfemetms? X, ASmjpf cm Mxmùáàf? > náàf pncràfNb`ne`m? SfqumCurnáàf? > jgeutf / eêvmb[msgstïe`gn? Emeiujn[msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn? EàfTueif cm Hmrrf tfren ujn cns tàf sðbgcn mrmsgstmetm `fjf hmrrf. Gssf pmrjgtm qum fCrugcn hnán ntnqums `frpf n `frpf `fj ujpueif hmìncf `fjf sm tgvmssm f tnbmetf@fjkntm Cmsnrjncf. F Tueif cm Hmrrf ç`fesgcmrncn ujn nrjn jîag`n +0. Mbnprfvf`n >C9 pfetfs cm cnef hêsg`f, +> pfetfpfr eêvmb (jîxgjf cm ;4) + qungsqumrjfcghg`ncfrms cm hfrán.Tfr mxmjpbf? Negecðrm, Crfw CrugcnPnearmetf >>, tmj Hfrán >3. Mbn ntn`n `fj fTueif cm Hmrrf uj Afkbge. ûnecf rfbnrcnef, Negecðrm cnrgn >C9 +>0 (+>> pfetfs cmsmu eêvmb +; pfetfs cm cnef cm sun Hfrán)pfetfs cm cnef ef Afkbge. Gstf ç jngs cf qumsuhg`gmetm pnrn cmstrugr n pfkrm `rgnturn.

[mpmbgr [ncgnáàfNkournáàf \[ncgnáàfZEêvmb? Crugcn Pnearmetf 8@fjpfemetms? X, ASmjpf cm Mxmùáàf? > náàfNb`ne`m? 0 j

Mhmgtf? >4 j cm rngf `metrncf mj vf`ï.Curnáàf? > jgeutf / eêvmb[msgstïe`gn? Emeiujn[msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn? Eàf@fjf [mpmbgr Jncmgrn, mstm hmgtgáf `rgn fecns

cm memragn gevgsêvmb m getneaêvmb n pnrtgr cmvf`ï. Sfcfs fs mbmjmetfs fu fkomtfsrncgfntgvfs sàf nhnstncfs >4 j cm cgstëe`gncm vf`ï. Fkomtfs rncgfntgvfs hgxfs m fkomtfspmsnecf jngs cm =44 qugbfs eàf sàf nhmtncfspfr mstn jnagn. Sfcf f rmstf, ge`bugecf fkomtfsnegjncfs m `rgnturns, sàf nhnstncfs cm vf`ï.Fkomtfs rncgfntgvfs, `fjf nrjncurns m nrjnsCrfw sàf mjpurrncns pnrn trîs, nrrnstnecfsmus pfrtncfrms `fj mbms. Jmsjf gtmesjîag`fs qum smonj me`netncfs `fj fs mhmgtfsrncgfntgvfs, smràf rmpmbgcfs, mjkfrn uj`njpf netg-jnagn kbfqumgm fs mhmgtfs.

PfjkrnMvf`náàf \PfjkrnZEêvmb? Hmt / Jna ;, @br Pfjkrn ;@fjpfemetms? X, ASmjpf cm Mxmùáàf? > náàf pncràfNb`ne`m? Jçcgf (04 j + 0 j / eêvmb).Nbvf? ]jn `rgnturnCurnáàf? Gestnetëemn[msgstïe`gn? Emeiujn[msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn? Pgj]j jêssgb cm memragn sfjkrgn vfn cm sunsjàfs pnrn ntgeagr f nbvf. F jêssgb `nusn >C3pfetfs cm cnef pfr eêvmb (jîxgjf >4C3).@fjf Jêssmgs Jîag`fs, n Pfjkrn smjprmntgeam smu nbvf, jmsjf qum mj `fjkntm`frpf n `frpf, sfkrm qunbqumr `fkmrturn fu`njuhbnamj gehmrgfr qum tftnb. Tfrçj pnrtmsmspm`êhg`ns cm ujn `rgnturn eàf pfcmj smrntgeagcns. Fkomtfs genegjncfs tnjkçj eàfsmràf nhmtncfs pfr mssn jnagn. Tnrn `ncncfgs eêvmgs cf `feourncfr, f jêssgb `nusn -> cmpmenbgcncm en [msgstïe`gn n Jnagn cf nbvf(jîxgjf cm -=).

Xmbf`gcncm cn NrneinSrnesjutnáàfEêvmb? Hmt / Jna 1, @br Nrnein 8@fjpfemetms? X, A, JSmjpf cm Mxmùáàf? > náàf pncràfNb`ne`m? SfqumNbvf? @rgnturn tf`ncnCurnáàf? > ifrn / eêvmb[msgstïe`gn? Emeiujn[msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn? PgjN `rgnturn trnesjutncn sm tfren jngs rîpgcf mpfcm sukgr pnrmcms `fjf ujn nrnein (vmon njnagn Tntns cm Nrnein). N jnagn `fe`mcm uj




kóeus cm >,= j / eêvmb cm smu cmsbf`njmetfknsm. Mstn jnagn tnjkçj `fe`mcm npfssgkgbgcncm cm ms`nbnr m `njgeinr mjpnrmcms m tmtfs `fjf n jnagn Tntns cmNrnein, smecf qum pnrn mstm jfvgjmetf f

usuîrgf eàf prm`gsn tmr jàfs fu pçscms`nbáfs.@fjpfemetm Jntmrgnb? kmkmr ujn aftn cmsneaum cm nrnein.

Xmemef Em`rfjne`gnEêvmb? Hmt / Jna 3 , @br Xmemef 0@fjpfemetms? X, A, HCSmjpf cm Mxmùáàf? > rfcncn `fjpbmtn.Nb`ne`m? Sfqum (vmon cms`rgáàf nkngxf)Curnáàf? Gestnetëemn (vmr tmxtf)Smstm cm [msgstïe`gn? Hfrtgtucm neubn[msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn? PgjF crfw tmj ujn nhgegcncm enturnb `fjnrneins. ûnecf mstn jnagn ç bneáncn, smuscmetms `fjmánj n ms`frrmr uj vmemef vmrcm.Nf hnzmr uj ntnqum cm jfrcgcn kmj su`mcgcf,f pmrsfenamj pfcm mevmemenr f nbvf `fj ujvmemef cmkgbgtnetm. Mstm vmemef `nusngjmcgntnjmetm >C8 pfetfs cm cneftmjpfrîrgf en Hfrán m futrfs >C8 pfetfs cmcnef tmjpfrîrgf en Hfrán uj jgeutf cmpfgs.Fs mhmgtfs cf vmemef pfcmj smr `ne`mbncfs`fj uj tmstm cm Hfrtgtucm (@C gaunb nqunetgcncm cm rfcncns).Hf`f? F vmemef cm ujn nrnein pmqumen(pfcm smr sukstgtuêcf pfr uj sêjkfbf snarncfsm `feourncf pfr uj `feourncfr cgvgef).

Xgsàf PfjkrgnNcgvgeináàf \PfjkrnZEêvmb? Hmt / Jna 3, @br Pfjkrn 3@fjpfemetms? X, A, JSmjpf cm Mxmùáàf? > ifrnNb`ne`m? Xmon f tmxtfMhmgtf? smetgr jnagnCurnáàf? > jgeutf / eêvmb cm `feourncfr[msgstïe`gn? Emeiujn[msgstïe`gn ä Jnagn? EàfXf`ï pfcm vmr m fuvgr f Tbnef cns Pfjkrns, npnrtgr cf Tbnef Jntmrgnb. Xf`ï cmvm fktmrsu`mssf mj uj tmstm cm Fksmrvnr (@C >=).Xf`ï tnjkçj pfcm vmr f Tbnef Jntmrgnb npnrtgr cf Tbnef cns Pfjkrns. Gssf tnjkçjrmqumr uj tmstm cm Fksmrvnr (@C >1).




@NJTNEINP

Cmhgegáýms

Nf bfeaf cmstm `npêtubf, tmrmjfs uj efvffbinr sfkrm fs Crfws. Jns f Crfw tnjkçjpfcm smrvgr mj futrns `njpneins, `fjfhuturgstn, `ykmrpuel, m ntç jmsjf efs cgnsjfcmrefs. Mbms pfcmj smr cm `bàs cmnssnssgefs trncg`gfengs qum vnanj en efgtmpnrn tmetnr cmrruknr `frpfrnáýms, fu ntçjmsjf uj prfomtf cm pmsqugsn qum `rgnrgnujn rnán amemtg`njmetm jmbifrncn, jns qumcmu tmrrgvmbjmetm mrrncf. Ns pfssgkgbgcncms cfCrfw mj futrns `njpneins sàfgetmrjgeîvmgs.

• Tgrntns cf mspnáf Crfw cmsvgnrnj uj

trnespfrtm qum bmvnvn suprgjmetfsem`mssîrgfs pnrn ujn `fbóegn en bun.• En smbvn cm `fe`rmtf, ujn hnjêbgn Crfw`fetrntfu fs TOs pnrn mbgjgenr ujn`frpfrnáàf rgvnb qum cmsmevfbvm ujn efvnkgftmèfbfagn jugtf em`mssîrgn.• ]j bnkfrntðrgf jgbgtnr cm ameçtg`n mxpbfcgumequnetf `fecuzgn mxpmrgjmetfs, f ÿeg`fsfkrmvgvmetm ç ujn `rgnturn qum fs `gmetgstnsìnjnj pmbf `fcgefjm "Crfw".• Tmssfns hfrnj jfrtns, m sfjmetm uj mbhfcm pmbm msùrn hfg vgstf cmgxnecf f bf`nb.

F rmstnetm cmstn smáàf `fetgeun n bgcnr `fj f

Crfw `fjf knsm pnrn efvns `njpneins, jnscmgxm sun gjnagenáàf vfnr nbtf, f Crfw pfcmtrnzmr gehgegtns pfssgkgbgcncms pnrn sunsnvmeturns.

Jftgvnáýms cfs Crfws

Jugtfs nvmeturmgrfs oî metrnj mj `fetntf `fjfs Crfws cmscm sun gcn pnrn ns `nvmrens.@nánr uj Crfw jnbêaef ç f prge`gpnb getmrmssmcm eujmrfsns `njpneins pnrn f ]ecmrcnrl.Jfrncfrms cn supmrhê`gm vàf pnrn ntç ns snbnsmsùrns fecm sð fs mbhfs m neýms eàf tïjjmcf cm nvneánr mj kus`n cm furf, jnagn,fu vgeaneán. Tfr futrf bncf, f Crfw tnjkçjtïj rnzàf suhg`gmetm pnrn metrnr mj `fehbgtfcgrmtf `fj fs nvmeturmgrfs.Arupfs cm Crfws vàf ä supmrhê`gm fu futrfsbf`ngs cf suktmrrëemf mj kus`n cm ms`rnvfsfu pgbinr. Jugtns vmzms, mssms arupfs pfcmjnpnrm`mr mj qunbqumr pfetf cn supmrhê`gm,jns efrjnbjmetm pfcmj smr me`fetrncfspmrtf cm ujn `nvmren. N vmrcncmgrn rnzàfpmbn qunb uj Crfw cm`gcm gr pnrn n supmrhê`gm,eàf ç ntn`nr uj bf`nb nrkfrgzncf fu ujn

hnzmecn cgstnetm cm tucf. Mbms vàf ä supmrhê`gmpnrn ntrngr ntmeáàf pnrn sg, bmvnecf suns

jngfrms jnagns `fj mbms. Mbms metàf mspmrnjpnrn mjkfs`nr nbaues gehmbgzms ncvmrsîrgfs,nprfvmgtnecf-sm cm smu pfcmr.F `nðtg`f juecf cfs Crfws mjprmstneujmrfsns jftgvnáýms pfbêtg`ns pnrn ujn`njpnein rmbn`gfencn ns `nsns jngspfcmrfsns. ûnecf fs cmusms Crfw`fjnecnj ujn `nsn pnrn gr ä aumrrn `fjfutrn `nsn, jugtns vmzms ns rmpmrùssýms cf`fehbgtf pfcmj smr smetgcns en supmrhê`gm.ûnecf mstàf prmstms n gr pnrn n aumrrn, mbmsusnj tfcfs fs smus rmùrsfs m jnecnjcgpbfjntns pnrn `fesmaugrmj aneinr`feim`gjmetf m mqugpnjmetfs qum pfssnj

cnr n sun `nsn ujn vnetnamj sfkrm f smuncvmrsîrgf. Gssf hnz `fj qum fs Crfws usmjjnagn cm gbusàf, ujn vmz qum mbms pmr`frrmjHfrtnbmzns m Nssmetnjmetfs cm smrms qumvgvmj ef suktmrrëemf mj kus`n cmmqugpnjmetfs m pfssêvmgs rmhfráfs.Getrgan pfbêtg`n eàf ç n ÿeg`n cgsputn ensaumrrns cns `nsns, tnjkçj iî cgsputns pfrîaun, rftns `fjmr`gngs, hnjêbgns m arupfs cmpfcmr. Gssf hnz `fj qum nvmeturmgrfs cnsupmrhê`gm metrmj mj `fehbgtf cgrmtf `fj fsCrfws. Pn`mrcftgsns usnj nametms sfkrmsmus ncvmrsîrgfs m, nssgj, anrnetmj ujnpfsgáàf jngs hnvfrîvmb en igmrnrqugn cn sun

hç. Pn`mrcftgsns Crfw m `nsns efkrms vàfsmjmnr kfntfs, tnetf qunetf ns suns vfzmspfssnj smr fuvgcns, en tmetntgvn cm ntrngrjfrncfrms cn supmrhê`gm pnrn `fehrfetf cgrmtf.M nssgj qum tmeinj vme`gcf n kntnbin `fetrnfs jfrncfrms cn supmrhê`gm, mbms vàf smnprmsmetnr `fjf snbvncfrms, cmstrugecf fums`rnvgznecf fs nvmeturmgrfs.Nbaues nvmeturmgrfs `nmj ens nrjncgbins cfsCrfws smj snkmr qumj mstnvn smms`fecmecf ef msùrf. Crfws tmetnj prmecmrf arupf mj sun tmgn cm meanefs mgehmbg`gcncms. Pmus rujfrms m jnqugenáýmspfcmj bmvnr fs nvmeturmgrfs n sm smetgrmjnknecfencfs, fu pmcgrmj n jfrtm. ûnecfuj Crfw ç cms`fkmrtf pmbfs nvmeturmgrfs, nsf`gmcncm Crfw efrjnbjmetm f mxpubsn cm]ecmrcnrl, `fjf uj rmemancf `náncf mjnr`ncf pnrn jfrrmr, mbm metàf cmvmrîme`fetrnr fs nvmeturmgrfs m cmstruê-bfs.

Aneìfs pnrn Nvmeturns

Mjkfrn ns sgtunáýms n`gjn pfssnj cnr nf TOfu ET@ Crfw jugtfs jftgvfs pnrn metrnr mj




ujn `njpnein, mxgstmj vîrgns futrns fpáýms.Nqug mstàf nbaues aneìfs pnrn nvmeturns`fj Crfws mj smu ofaf?

• N `nrnvnen hfg ntgeagcn pfr nssnbtnetms cm

pmbm msùrn curnetm n efgtm.• ]jn jgen sfhrmu ntnqum pfr Crfws.• Mj ujn arnecm `gcncm, ujn rm`metm fecncm nssnssgentfs npfetn pnrn uj ùbtf cm ujcfs Cmusms Crfw.• ]j arupf cm mxpbfrncfrms Aefjfs eàfvfbtnrnj cm ujn vgnamj pnrn f ]ecmrcnrl.• Jfrtfs-Xgvfs mstàf sngecf cf getmrgfr cnSmrrn pnrn cmstrugr tucf mj smu `njgeif.• ]j ìnjncf äs nrjns tmj sgcf jneghmstncfpfr eujmrfsfs pfvfncfs qum vgvmj ensfjkrn cm ujn arnecm jfetnein. Tnrm`m qumujn metrncn pnrn f ]ecmrcnrl hfg cms`fkmrtnrm`metmjmetm, m qumrmj tmr nbaujn ìne`mpnrn mehrmetnr fs Crfws.• Pmgs trgkfs cm kîrknrfs mevgnrnj smusìmhms pnrn ujn rmuegàf cns trgkfs< jns ujcfs ìmhms eàf `fjpnrm`mu. N ÿeg`n pgstnpnrn f qum n`fetm`mu `fj mbm, ç ujn ÿeg`nhbmìn emarn `fkmrtn cm vmemef.• Cuns `nsns Crfw mstàf mj aumrrn. Mj ujntmetntgvn cm ntrngr nvmeturmgrfs `fetrn f rgvnb,ujn cns `nsns jnecfu uj rm`ncf pnrn nsupmrhê`gm sfkrm uj arnecm tmsfurf jîag`f nsmr me`fetrncf ef ]ecmrcnrl.• ]j `fjmr`gnetm gehbumetm cn `gcncm pnssnsukgtnjmetm n vmecmr nbaues mxðtg`fskgs`fgtfs cm ]ecmrcnrl. Mbm eue`n rmvmbn sunshfetms, jns rujfrms cgzmj qum mbm çrmnbjmetm uj Crfw cgshnráncf.

Cms`rmvmecf Hnjêbgns Crfw

Ns rmarns n smaugr pmrjgtmj qum vf`ï amrmnbmntfrgnjmetm Hnjêbgns Crfw. Xf`ï pfcmrmnbjmetm rfbnr fs cncfs, sm cmsmonr, fu vf`ïpfcm usnr mstms mxmjpbfs `fjf cgrmtrgzms

pnrn n `rgnáàf cm suns prðprgns Hnjêbgns.Mxgstmj quntrf pnssfs pnrn n `fe`mpáàf cmujn Hnjêbgn Crfw? Mstruturn Pf`gnb, Pêjkfbf,ET@s m Mxçr`gtf.

Trgjmgrf Tnssf? Mstruturn Pf`gnb Ncubtfs? Hnjêbgns Crfw nprmsmetnj cm 0 n 04jmjkrfs ncubtfs. Mstms jmjkrfs cn hnjêbgnsàf nqumbms qum sàf amemtg`njmetmrmbn`gfencns `fj n ntunb cm`gsàf cm ìmhm cnhnjêbgn, smu `óeouam, smus hgbifs, m fs`óeouams cfs smus hgbifs. [fbm 0C>4 pnrncmtmrjgenr qunetfs jmjkrfs ncubtfs mxgstmjen hnjêbgn.@rgneáns? N `rgtçrgf cf Jmstrm, n hnjêbgn pfcmge`bugr ofvmes (ntç >4 nefs cm gcncm) mncfbms`metms (metrm >> m 1= nefs), gaunb n >/3cn pfpubnáàf ncubtn. Pupfeinjfs qumjmtncm cn pfpubnáàf smon cm ofvmes mncfbms`metms, qum sàf knsg`njmetm eàf`fjkntmetms. Mbms sàf smjmbinetms nfsncubtfs, jns rm`mkmj -; pfetfs mj tfcfs fstmstms.[gvnbgcncms? Nbaujns hnjêbgns sàf cgvgcgcnsmj hn`áýms, arupfs qum sm uemj efs `netfsmsùrfs cn sun `nsn suktmrrëemn pnrntfrenrmj-sm ìmhm cn hnjêbgn. [fbm >C8 pnrncmtmrjgenr f eÿjmrf cm hn`áýms en hnjêbgn.]jn hn`áàf smjprm tmrî n jàm, f smu aunrcn-`fstns, uj `óeouam m smus hgbifs pmqumefs.@ncn ujn cns hn`áýms ç bgcmrncn pfr ujnjubimr njkg`gfsn, ìnjncn Jàm.Xf`ï pfcm cnr `fesgstïe`gn n mstnsrgvnbgcncms, sm cmsmonr. Mjkfrn ujn njkgáàfsgjpbms smon rngz cn jngfrgn cns rgvnbgcncms,mj nbaues `nsfs, iî `nusns jngs prfhuecnsqum ncg`gfenj uj tfqum pnrn n igstðrgn. Xf`ïpfcm cmsmevfbvmr uj ET@ pnrn `fecuzgr `ncnhn`áàf. Xmon quncrf nkngxf. Mj ujnnvmeturn, qunbqumr TO qum getmrnon `fj nhnjêbgn pfcm `nusnr ujn rgvnbgcncm.




ûncrf cm [gvnbgcncm cns Hnjêbgns CrfwC8 Jftgvnáàf pnrn n [gvnbgcncm

>

Xgeaneán. F Crfw tmj ujn vgeaneán `fetrn uj gegjgaf qum ç jugtfpfcmrfsf pnrn mehrmetnr sfzgeif. F gegjgaf pfcm smr ujn futrn hnjêbgn,

futrn frcmj rmbgagfsn, fu uj pfcmrfsf arupf qum cmstrugu n sun hnjêbgn. Mbmqumr sgjpbmsjmetm `nánr mstm gegjgaf m tfjnr n sun vgeaneán.

; Cghmrmeáns [mbgagfsns. F Crfw ncfrn ujn cgvgecncm qum eàf ç ncgvgecncm cn sun `nsn.

0Hnb`àf vs Tfjkf. F Crfw `fesgcmrn qum sun ntunb Jàm ç jugtf pnssgvn.Mbn n`rmcgtn qum jmcgcns jngs narmssgvns cmvnj smr tfjncns `fetrn fsgegjgafs cn hnjêbgn. (Fu vg`m-vmrsn).

3Tfcmr. F Crfw `fesgcmrn qum n pfsgáàf cm Jàm `nrrman pfcmrmssfkrmenturngs m inkgbgcncms ncg`gfengs. Mbm cmsmon mstns `npn`gcncms pnrnsg.

= Hneîtg`f. F Crfw n`rmcgtn qum n Jàm ç hrn`n mj sun `rmeán mj smu Cmus.Mbm prmtmecm sukstgtugr n gehgmb Jàm pnrn ujn `nsn qum ç jngs hfrtm en hç.

8 Pgjpbms Njkgáàf. F Crfw eàf qumr encn jngs cf qum smr f ìmhm cnhnjêbgn.

@bnssghg`náàf cns @nsns? Mxgstm 74% cmìne`m cm qum n hnjêbgn smon pnrtm cm ujn`gcncm, `nsf `fetrîrgf, ç pnrtm cm uj pfstfnvneáncf gecmpmecmetm. Pm n hnjêbgn ç pnrtmcm ujn `gcncm, rfbm ;C;4. Mstm eÿjmrfrmprmsmetn f eÿjmrf cm futrn gehbumetm `nsnCrfw en `gcncm. F JO pfcm metàf ms`fbimrfecm sun hnjêbgn Crfw sm me`fetrn emstn

igmrnrqugn, fu vf`ï pfcm rfbnr nbmntfrgnjmetmpnrn cmtmrjgenr mstn pfsgáàf. Pm sun `nsnCrfw mstgvmr `bnssghg`ncn metrm ns trïsprge`gpngs hnjêbgns mj ujn cmtmrjgencn`gcncm, f tnjneif cn `nsn ç nujmetncf.Hnán noustms pnrn n hnjêbgn, cm n`frcf `fj nsmaugetm tnkmbn?

Arnecms Noustms ens @nsns cns Hnjêbgns@bnssghg`náàf Noustms

> Jubtgpbg`nr f eÿjmrf cm ncubtfs en hnjêbgn pfr fgtf. N rgqumzn cn @nsn ç

jubtgpbg`ncn pfr vgetm.; Jubtgpbg`nr f eÿjmrf cm ncubtfs en hnjêbgn pfr quntrf. N rgqumzn cn @nsn çjubtgpbg`ncn pfr fgtf.

0 Cupbg`nr f eÿjmrf cm ncubtfs en hnjêbgn. Cupbg`nr n rgqumzn cn @nsn.




Pêjkfbf

Sfcns ns hnjêbgns Crfw tïj nbauj tgpf cmsêjkfbf qum gcmetghg`n-fs ef `njpf cm

kntnbin. Pêjkfbfs jngs `fjues ge`bumjgjnames snarncns, cmjfeên`ns fu cmjfestrfs. F sêjkfbf ç amrnbjmetm rmbn`gfencf`fj f mevfbvgjmetf cn hnjêbgn `fj f rmstf cnsf`gmcncm Crfw, mjkfrn emj smjprm. Nhnjêbgn Pg'Nrtm`tg, pfr mxmjpbf, vgvm mj ujn

`gcncm Crfw fecm fkrns nrqugtmtóeg`fs sàfnbtnjmetm vnbfrgzncfs, nssgj, smu sêjkfbf ç fcm ujn tfrrm cm mstnbnajgtm `fj geÿjmrnstmgns hgens. Mbms `nrrmanj vnrgeins cm pmcrn,

uj ntf qum fs gcmetghg`n `fjf nrtmsàfsnrqugtmtóeg`fs.N tnkmbn n smaugr pmrjgtm cmtmrjgenrnbmntfrgnjmetm uj jftgvf. F Jmstrm tnjkçjpfcmrî `rgnr uj ncmquncf ä sun `njpnein.

Snkmbn cm Pêjkfbfs cns Hnjêbgns Crfw>C9 PÊJKFBFP

>. Gjnamj Pnarncn. Mstn hnjêbgn tmj ujn jnr`n cm cmtmrjgencfs sêjkfbfssnarncfs. Mbn pfcmrgn tmr nbauj sgaeghg`ncf m npnrm`mj `fjf qunbqumr hfrjnamfjçtrg`n fu gjnamj, ge`bugecf? bgeins pnrnbmbns, ujn nrnein mstgbgzncn, ujkmsfurf, ujn jàf jutgbncn, fu qunbqumr futrf pncràf mstrneif.

;. Negjnb Bf`nb . F negjnb pfcm rmprmsmetnr ujn arnecm vgrtucm (pfr mxmjpbf, ujn

nrnein pnrn n snkmcfrgn).0. Hbfrn Bf`nb. N Crfw sm gcmetghg`n `fj ujn pbnetn bf`nb, amrnbjmetm uj qum çmx`busgvf cn rmagàf, `fj prfprgmcncms mspm`gngs (tðxg`fs, nbu`geðamefs,`nreêvfrns, mt`).

3. Cgvgecncm Pnarncn . N hnjêbgn tmj n sun prðprgn cgvgecncm snarncn fu rmbgagàf.@fesgstm mj gjnames cn cgvgecncm m suns `nrn`tmrêstg`ns.

=. Pgjkfbf Cmjfeên`f . Mstns hnjêbgns utgbgznj fs sgjkfbfs cmjfeên`fs pnrn fsefjms cm cmjóegfs `fjf smu sêjkfbf pmssfnb. Mssm cmjóegf pfcmrgn `fjnecnrujn hnjêbgn Crfw.

8. @rgnturn Jêstg`n . Mj nbauj jfjmetf en `nsn cn hnjêbgn, jugtns amrnáýms ntrîs,nbauj jmjkrf me`fetrfu ujn `rgnturn jêstg`n. N hnjêbgn hg`fu tàf gjprmssgfencnqum ncftfu n `rgnturn `fjf sêjkfbf.

1. Smrrmef Bf`nb . N hnjêbgn gcmetghg`n-sm `fj ujn `nvmren mspm`gnb, uj bnaf fuf`mnef Puktmrrëemf.

9. Futrf. Hnán nbaujn `fgsn ncmquncn ä sun `njpnein. Snbvmz ns sn`mrcftgsnsusmj ìg`ftms qum hfrnj pnssncfs pfr amrnáýms, pfr gssf smu sêjkfbf ç ujìg`ftm. Snbvmz mbms tmeinj ujn rgxn cm bfean cntn `fj uj `bà vgzgeif cm neýms,nssgj qum smu sêjkfbf ç f `rëegf cm uj neàf `fj knrkn.

Inkgbgcncms Mspm`gngs? ]jn hnjêbgn `fjtîtg`ns cm `fjkntm sàf jfcmbncns pfr suns`rmeáns, `fjf rmhbmtgcf pfr smu sêjkfbf. Mjnbaues `nsfs, n hnjêbgn pfcm cmsmevfbvmrtîtg`ns cm `fjkntm mspm`gngs rmbn`gfencns nfsmu sêjkfbf. N hnjêbgn Pg'Nrtm`tg, pfr mxmjpbf,usn suns vnrgeins mj hfrjn cm pmcrn pnrnhnzmr `fj qum ns pnrmcms m tmtfs rfìfsfs`nmj mj `gjn cm smus gegjgafs.

Xf`ï pfcm rmhbmtgr mssn `npn`gcncm mspm`gnbntrnvçs cn `fe`mssàf cm uj tnbmetf ÿeg`fpnrn `ncn jmjkrf cn hnjêbgn. Gstf ç ujnmx`máàf äs rmarns inkgtungs, m mxgam nbaujnjnramj cm jnefkrn pfr pnrtm cf JO< TOsCrfw eàf cmvmj rm`mkmr mssms Snbmetfsarntugtnjmetm ef prgjmgrf eêvmb. Nbçj cgssf,cmpmecmecf cf Snbmetf, vf`ï pfcm tmr qumrmnvnbgnr n hnjêbgn.ET@s

Bêcmr? N Jàm cn `nsn tmj eêvmgs cm `bnssm`fjf uj @bçrgaf.

Eêvmb cm `bnssm? N Jàm cn `nsn smrî eêvmb>c8 pnrn `ncn >4 Crfws en hnjêbgn. ET@sCrfw `fj eêvmgs cm `bnssm, amrnbjmetm tïjnbaues vnbfrms cm inkgbgcncm, qum sàfsupmrgfrms ä jçcgn, `fehfrjm gecg`ncf pmbnscms`rgáýms cm `bnssm.

Emj tfcns ns Jàms tïj aunrcn-`fstns, jnsnbaujns sgj. N Jàm pfcm tmr ntç trïs aunrcn-`fstns pmssfngs pnrn `ncn >4 Crfws enhnjêbgn. Mstms Crfws tïj >C3 eêvmgs cm `bnssm`fjf `fjkntmetms. Cmpmecmecf cfs eêvmgscm pfcmr, fs pmrsfenames pfcmj smr `npnzmscm jucnr n bmnbcncm cfs aunrcn-`fstns.@bçrgans? Tnrn `ncn ncubtf Crfw en hnjêbgn,iî ujn ìne`m ùjubntgvn cm =% qum nhnjêbgn tmrî @bçrgans ncg`gfengs. Ns @bçrganstmràf >c3 eêvmgs pnrn `ncn >; Crfws en




hnjêbgn. Tnrn `ncn cfgs eêvmgs cm `bnssm, n@bçrgan tmrî uj n`ðbgtf cn jmsjn hç. Pmifuvmr uj n`ðbgtf, mstm smrî cm prgjmgrf eêvmb,sm ifuvmr cfgs, uj smrî cm prgjmgrf eêvmb mfutrf cm smauecf eêvmb, m nssgj pfr cgnetm.

Tfr mxmjpbf, ujn hnjêbgn cm ;3 Crfws tmj84% cm ìne`m cm tmr cuns @bçrgans. Ns@bçrgans tmràf ;C3 eêvmgs. Pm ujn @bçrganmstî ef eêvmb >, mbn eàf tmj n`ðbgtfs. Pm mbn hfrcm eêvmb ;, mbn tmrî uj n`ðbgtf cm prgjmgrfeêvmb. Pm mbn ç cm eêvmb 3, mbn tmrî uj n`ðbgtfcm prgjmgrf eêvmb m uj n`ðbgtf cm smauecfeêvmb.

[memancfs? [memancfs eàf hnzmj pnrtm cmujn hnjêbgn. Ef metnetf, iî ujn ìne`m cm>4% qum iî uj rmemancf qum trnknbimf`nsgfenbjmetm pnrn n hnjêbgn `fjf ujncmptf mspm`gnb.

Tnssf ûntrf? Mxçr`gtf m @nsns

F mxçr`gtf cn hnjêbgn m fs prfomtfs cm `nsnscmpmecmj en jngfr pnrtm cf tmrrmef. Mjsmaugcn, f jngs gjpfrtnetm ç f tnjneif cnhnjêbgn, metàf ns pmrsfenbgcncms cn Jàm, `nsnm futrns sn`mrcftgsns. Gjnagem ns `nsns `fjfqunbqumr cueamfe fu `gcncm.




EFXFP JFEPS[FP

Crfws sàf `feim`gcfs pfr suns `festruáýms mnegjngs jîag`fs qum mbms tïj trmgencf

mspm`gnbjmetm en cmhmsn m mxpnesàf cm smusrmgefs suktmrrëemfs. Ns smaugetms `rgnturnspfcmj smr me`fetrncns trnknbinecf `fj, fupnrn, fs Crfws.

S[NEPTF[SM NEGJNCFJfrtf-Xgvf ArnecmCncfs cm Xgcn? 3c>; +0 (;7 TX)Geg`gntgvn? ->Xmbf`gcncm? >; j, >; j ms`nbnecf@bnssm cm Nrjncurn? >> (-> Cms, ->Snjneif, +0 Nrjncurn Enturnb), Sfqum 9,Purprmsf >>.Knsm cm Ntnqum / Nanrrnr? +; / +7

Ntnqum? Hfrtm Mxpbfsàf +3 ä cgstëe`gn (;c9)Ntnqum Sftnb? Hfrtm Mxpbfsàf +3 ä cgstëe`gn(;c9)Mspnáf / Nb`ne`m? 0 j / 0 jûnbgcncms Mspm`gngs? jfrtf-vgvf, npmensnáýms pnr`gngs.[msgstïe`gn? Hfrt +>, [mh +4, Xfet +3Inkgbgcncms? Hfr >1, Cms 9, @fe 4, Get 4, Pnk>4, @nr >.Njkgmetm? Puktmrrëemf.Franegznáàf? Pmjprm `fj pgbftf Crfw (;-8`fjf jmgfs cm trnespfrtm).Eêvmb cm Cmsnhgf? ;Smsfurf? Emeiuj

Smecïe`gn? EmutrfTrfarmssàf? -Noustm cm Eêvmb? -

Jmsjf en jfrtm, gesmtfs `fjpneimgrfs cfCrfw `fetgeunrî smrvgecf smus jmstrms ef`njpf cm kntnbin. F Crfw usn jnagnem`rfjëetg`n efs kmsfurfs m nrneinsaganetms pnrn `rgnr mstns jîqugens cm aumrrnjfrtfs-vgvns. Ntrnvçs cm jnagn em`rfjëetg`n,f gesmtf jfrtf-vgvf sm trneshfrjnrî mj ujnpfcmrfsn jîqugen qum pfcm cgspnrnr rnoncnscm memragn ntrnvçs cm ‒`neiýms‚mspm`gnbjmetm `fe`mkgcfs pfr hfrn cm sun`nrnpnán.]j sfbcncf Crfw hg`n en pnrtm f`n cfSrnespfrtm Negjncf, cgspnrnecf n rnoncn cmmemragn `fetrn f gegjgaf.F Srnespfrtm Negjncf npnrm`m `fjfqunbqumr kmsfurf fu nrnein cm tnjneifaganetm, mjkfrn cm`ncmetm m uj pfu`fcmsanstncf. Mbm necn `fj pnssfs krus`fs,jns jfvm-sm rnpgcnjmetm pmbf `njpf cmkntnbin. Ns @nsns Crfw efrjnbjmetm pgetnjsmus jmgfs cm trnespfrtm `fj fs sêjkfbfs fu

jnr`ns cn `nsn, cm jfcf qum mbms pfssnjsmr cghmrme`gncfs mj `njpf.

@FJKNSM

Hfrtm Mxpbfsàf? ]jn vmz pfr rfcncn, qunecff `nvnbmgrf ntgvnr n nrjn, f SrnespfrtmNegjncf cgspnrn ujn rnoncn jîag`n cmmemragn (jugtf pnrm`gcn `fj n jnagn JêssmgsJîag`fs) ef gegjgaf. Mstn mxpbfsàf sm pnrm`m`fj ujn kfbn cm memragn nzub-msvmrcmncnqum ntrnvmssn tfcf f `njpf cm kntnbin pnrnntgeagr fs ncvmrsîrgfs. Mstn mxpbfsàf tmj ujnb`ne`m cm 08 j m mxpbfcm mj uj rngf cm >4jmtrfs. Sfcfs fs smrms pmafs pmbn mxpbfsàfrm`mkmj ;C9 pfetfs cm cnef.

Jfrtf-Xgvf? Gjuem nfs mhmgtfs cm jnagns cnjmetm, vmemef, sfef, pnrnbgsgn, ntfrcfnjmetfm cfmeáns. Eàf hg`n suomgtf n n`mrtfs `rêtg`fs,cnef eàf-bmtnb, cnef cm inkgbgcncm, crmef cmmemragn fu jfrtm pfr cnef jn`gáf.Náýms Tnr`gngs? fs Srnespfrtms Negjncfs tmjrmhbmxfs ruges m sð pfcmj mxmùtnr náýmspnr`gngs. Nssgj, mbms sð pfcmj sm jfvmr funtn`nr, jns npmens ujn pfr vmz.

AFBMEP

F Crfw mjprman f usf cm Afbmes `fjfaunrcgýms mspm`gngs m trfpns cm ìfqum mj

smus mxçr`gtfs. Pfjmetm mj `grùestëe`gnsmxtrmjns f Crfw pmrjgtgrî uj cmssms Afbmes`njgeinr smj uj jmstrm.Mj vmz cf mspêrgtf Mbmjmetnb cn Smrrninkgtunb, qum efrjnbjmetm ç bgancf n ujAfbmj, sàf fs Cmjóegfs qum nssujmj fsAfbmes.Mssms Cmjóegfs hnzmj fs Afbmes jngs hfrtmsm jngs rmsgstmetms n jnagn, cf qum suns`fetrnpnrtms cn supmrhê`gm, m cnr-bimsinkgbgcncms ÿeg`ns.

@FJKNSM

F `rgncfr cm uj Afbmj pfcmrî `fjnecî-bf,uj Afbmj pfcm ìmanr n tmr >9 j m pfcm vmrm fuvgr smu `rgncfr. Pm eàf hfrmj`fjnecncfs, f Afbmj efrjnbjmetm smaum nÿbtgjn gestruáàf rm`mkgcn, mjkfrn sm hfrntn`ncf mbm rmvgcnrî f ntnqum. F `rgncfr pfcmcnr ujn frcmj sgjpbms, `fjf afvmrenr mjsun nusïe`gn.Afbmes eàf prm`gsnj rmspgrnr m sàf gjuems äjnagns, n eàf smr qunecf mspm`ghg`ncf f`fetrîrgf.




Eàf mstàf suomgtfs n n`mrtfs `rêtg`fs, cnefeàf-bmtnb, cnef pfr inkgbgcncm, crmef cmmemragn fu jfrtm pfr cnef jn`gáf.Gjuegcncm ä Jnagn (Mxt)? Afbmes rmsgstmj`fjpbmtnjmetm n ntnqums jîag`fs m mhmgtfs

sfkrmenturngs, mx`mtf sm gecg`ncf nf `fetrîrgf.@FEPS[]ÁÀF

F ùstf pnrn `ncn Afbmj ge`bug uj `frpfhêsg`f, m tfcfs fs jntmrgngs m `fjpfemetmsjîag`fs qum sàf `fesujgcfs fu sm tfrenràfpnrtm pmrjnemetm cf jmsjf.@fjprmmecmr fs prf`mssfs cn `rgnáàf cm ujAfbmj rmqumr uj pmrsfenamj `fj Fhê`gf(Nrjns m Nrjncurns Jîag`ns) m f Snbmetf@rgnr Êtmj Jnrnvgbifsf. F `rgncfr cmvm smmshfránr pfr pmbf jmefs 9 ifrns pfr cgn mjuj bnkfrntðrgf fu fhg`gen mspm`gnbjmetmprmpnrncn. N `ëjnrn ç smjmbinetm nfbnkfrntðrgf cm uj nbqugjgstn m smu usf ùstnrî=44 TF.ûnecf eàf mstgvmr trnknbinecf sfkrm fsrgtungs, f `rgncfr cmvm cms`nesnr m eàf pfcmrmnbgznr emeiujn futrn ntgvgcncm, mx`mtf`fjmr, cfrjgr fu hnbnr. F `rgncfr pfcmmxmùtnr n `festruáàf m fs rgtungs ouetfs. Pm f`rgncfr pmrcmr uj cgn cfs rgtungs, f prf`mssfhnbin m cmvm smr geg`gncf tfcf efvnjmetm. Fcgeimgrf anstf mstnrî pmrcgcf, jns eàf f YT.F `frpf cf Afbmj pfcmrî smr rmutgbgzncf,nssgj `fjf f bnkfrntðrgf.@fjpbmtnecf f rgtunb f YTnprfprgncf smrî crmencf cf`rgncfr m eàf pfcmrî bneánrqunbqumr jnagn ef hgenb cf cgn. F`rgncfr cmvm bneánr fs hmgtgáfs,jns mbms tnjkçj pfcmj vgr cmhfetms mxtmrens, `fjfpmranjgeifs.

AFBMJ CM @N[NTNÁN

F Afbmj cm @nrnpnán pnrm`muj gesmtf iujneðgcm. Mbm tmjarnecms fbifs snbgmetms marnecms `rnvfs qum `fkrmj smu`frpf qugtgefsf. Nprmsmetn smgsjmtrfs cm nbturn, m ç jugtfpfcmrfsf.

@FJKNSM

Mjpnbnr? N nrjncurn cm uj Afbmj cm@nrnpnán ç `fkmrtn cm arnecms `rnvfs.ûnecf f Afbmj metrn mj `fjkntm, mbm vngtmetnr usnr mssms `rnvfs efs ncvmrsîrgfsjmefrms. @fj uj ntnqum kmj su`mcgcf, f

Afbmj `nusn >c9 + = pfetfs cm cnefpmrhurnetm (`rêtg`f x0).Gjuegcncm ä Jnagn? Afbmes cm @nrnpnán sàfgjuems n tfcns ns jnagns, inkgbgcncmssgjgbnrms ä jnagn m mhmgtfs sfkrmenturngs,

mx`mtf fs smaugetms?Mhmgtfs cf hfaf m hrgf? cgjgeug smucmsbf`njmetf pfr 0C8 rfcncns, smj tmstm cmrmsgstïe`gn.Mhmgtf Pfefrf? ùrn > pfetf pnrn `ncn 0pfetfs cm cnef qum tmein rm`mkgcf. Tfrmxmjpbf, uj Afbmj cm @nrnpnán ç ntgeagcfpmbn jnagn ‒Xgkrnáàf Póeg`n‚ m rm`mkm >9pfetfs cm cnef, mbm pmrcmrî npmens 8 pfetfscm vgcn. F Afbmj pfcm hnzmr uj tmstm cm[msgstïe`gn `fetrn mssms Mhmgtfs Pfefrfs.

@FEPS[]ÁÀF

N Afbmj cm @nrnpnán ùstn 84.444 TF pnrnsun `rgnáàf, ge`bugecf >.=44 TF pnrn n`festruáàf cf `frpf. Jfetnr f `frpf rmqumruj su`mssf mj Fhê`gf (Nrjncurn) (@C >=). F`rgncfr cmvm mstnr ef eêvmb >3 m smr `npnz cmbneánr jnagns cm Crugcn fu Crugcn Pnearmetf.@fjpbmtnecf f rgtunb, smrî crmencf >;44 YTcf `rgncfr, mxgam-sm `fjf jntmrgnb uj gesmtfaganetm, `rnvfs rfìfsfs, m n gevf`náàf cmuj Nbgncf cn Enturmzn GGG fu n gevf`náàf cmuj Nbgncf Cgnkðbg`f GGG.

AFBMJ CM TMC[N BGPN

FAfbmjcm

Tmcrn

Bgsnpfcmjtmrntç

quntrf

jmtrfscm

nbturn,

`fjkrgbi

netms fbifs vmrcms.F Afbmj cm Tmcrn Bgsn ç jugtf pfcmrfsf, fCmjóegf cmetrf cmbm smjprm vgagnrî n kntnbinm ntn`nrî fs gegjgafs cm smu jmstrm.




@FJKNSM

Tmcrncn? F Afbmj cm Tmcrn Bgsn usn ujnvmrsàf jfcghg`ncn cn jnagn ‒JêssmgsJîag`fs‚ ujn vmz pfr cgn. Mstn vmrsàf hnz

`fj qum pmqumens pmcrns smonj bneáncns cnjàf cf Afbmj pnrn ntn`nr uj ÿeg`f nbvf.Srntm mssns pmcrns mxntnjmetm `fjf n jnagn‒Jêssmgs Jîag`fs‚ mj tfcfs fs futrfsnspm`tfs, `fjf sm hfssm uj Hmgtg`mgrf/Jnafcm eêvmb >8 (= pmcrns, nutfjîtg`f, cnef >C3pfr pmcrn).Gjuegcncm ä Jnagn? Afbmes cm Tmcrn Bgsnsàf gjuems n tfcns ns jnagns, inkgbgcncmssgjgbnrms ä jnagn m mhmgtfs sfkrmenturngs,mx`mtf `fjf smaum?N jnagn ‒Jfvmr Smrrn‚ nhnstn f Afbmj pfr 08j m `nusn 0C>; pfetfs cm cnef n mbm. Njnagn ‒Cmsgetmarnr‚ rmtnrcn f Afbmj pfr >C8rfcncns m `nusn >C>; pfetfs cm cnef. ]jnjnagn ‒Smrrmjftf‚ bneáncn cgrmtnjmetm mjuj Afbmj cm Tmcrn Bgsn hnz `fj qum mbm pnrmcm sm jfvmr emssn rfcncn m `nusn =C>4pfetfs cm cnef. F Afbmj eàf rm`mkm emeiujtmstm cm rmsgstïe`gn `fetrn qunbqumr uj cmstmsmhmgtfs.

@FEPS[]ÁÀF

F Afbmj ùstn 94.444 TF pnrn smr `rgncf,ge`bugecf ;.444 TF pnrn n `festruáàf cf`frpf. F `frpf em`mssgtn cm uj tmstm kmj-su`mcgcf mj Fhê`gf (msùbturn fu nbvmenrgn)(@C >=).F rgtunb rmqumr uj `feourncfr cm eêvmb >8, qumpfssn bneánr jnagns cgvgens. @fjpbmtnecf frgtunb, sàf crmencfs >344 YT cf `feourncfr mmxgam ns jnagns ‒Negjnr Fkomtfs‚,‒@fjueeiàf‚, ‒Frnáàf‚ m ‒[mssurrmgáàf‚.

AFBMJ CM N[NEIN

F Afbmj cm Nrnein nprmsmetn jngs cm >4jmtrfs cm nbturn m pmsn `mr`n cm 844 qugbfscm bgan cm cgnjnetm. Mbm hfg jfbcncf pnrn smpnrm`mr `fj ujn arnecm nrnein `fj pncrýmscm ruens ntrnvçs cm smu `frpf. Jmsjf qumsmon hmgtf cm jmtnb, fs fbifs cmstm Afbmjpnrm`mj krgbinr `fj n jmsjn rncgnáàf vmrcmqum pmrjmgn ns `nvmrens m `frrmcfrms mjtfref cns `gcncms Crfw. Mssms Afbmjs sàfusncfs pnrn prftmamr ns hnjêbgns efkrms,tmjpbfs m bf`ngs `fjues, m eue`n sàf usncns`fjf nrjns fhmesgvns en aumrrn.

@FJKNSM

Xmemef? ûnecf uj Afbmj cm Nrnein jfrcmuj fpfemetm, mbm geomtn ef nbvf `fj pftmetmvmemef. Srntm mstm vmemef `fjf ujn jnagnbneáncn pfr uj Hmgtg`mgrf cm >8 ¿ eêvmb.Gjuegcncm ä Jnagn? @fjf uj Afbmj cm

Tmcrn, mbm ç gjuem n tfcns ns jnagns,inkgbgcncms sgjgbnrms ä jnagn m mhmgtfssfkrmenturngs, mx`mtf `fjf smaum?N jnagn ‒Tmcrn mj Bnjn‚ grî cgjgeugr smutnjneif (`fjf n jnagn) pfr ;C8 rfcncns,smj tmstm cm rmsgstïe`gn. ûnecf n bnjntrnesjutnr efvnjmetm pnrn rfìn, grî ùrnrtfcfs fs pfetfs cm vgcn pmrcgcfs. N jnagn‒Tmcrn mj @nrem‚ rmnbjmetm eàf jucnrî nmstruturn cf Afbmj, jns f tfrenrî vubemrîvmbn qunbqumr ntnqum efrjnb ens prðxgjns cunsrfcncns.

@FEPS[]ÁÀF

F Afbmj ùstn 74.444 TF pnrn smr `rgncf,ge`bugecf >4.444 TF pnrn f `frpf.Jfetnr f `frpf rmqumr uj su`mssf mj Fhê`gfs(Msùbturn fu Nbvmenrgn), @C >1.F `rgncfr cmvm mstnr ef eêvmb >8 m smr `npnzcm `feournr jnagns nr`nens. @fjpbmtnr f rgtunbcrmen >844 YT cf `feourncfr, rmqumr vmemefcm nrnein m n jnagn ‒Cmsmof [mstrgtf‚.




AFBMJP@nrnpnán

@festru`tf (Jçcgf)Tmcrn Bgsn

@festru`tf (Tmqumef)Nrnein

@festru`tf (Arnecm)

Cncfs cm Xgcn? 1C>4 + ;4 (=7 TX) >4C>4 +>4 (8= TX) 9C>4 +04 (13 TX)Geg`gntgvn? +> -> +=

Cmsbf`njmetf? 7 j 8 j >; j, ms`nbncn >; j

@N?;0 (+> Cms, +>;enturnb), tfqum >>,surprmsn ;;

;= (-> Cms, +> tnjneif,+>= enturnb), tfqum >4,surprmsn ;8

;; (+= Cms, -> tnjneif,+9 enturnb), tfqum >3,surprmsn >1

Knsm cm Ntnqum /Nanrrnr? += / +>4 +9 / +1 += / +;4

Ntnqum?@frpf n `frpf? ;pne`ncns +>4 (cnef?

;C8 +=)

@frpf n `frpf? pne`ncn+>= (cnef? 0C3 +1)

@frpf n `frpf? 9pne`ncns +>; (cnef?;C8 +1), fu @frpf n

`frpf? jfrcgcn +0(cnef? ;c9 +1 + vmemef)

Mspnáf / Nb`ne`m? >,= j / >,= j >,= j / >,= j 0 j / 0 j

NtnqumsMspm`gngs? Mjpnbnr Tmcrncn Xmemef

ûnbgcncmsMspm`gngs?

@festru`tf, gjuegcncm äjnagn, rmcuáàf cm cnef=

`festrugr, gjuegcncmjîag`n, rmcuáàf cmcnef >4

`festrugr, gjuegcncm njnagn, rmcuáàf cm cnef>=

Smstms cm[msgstïe`gns? Hfrt +;, [mh +0, Xfe +; Hfrt +0, [mh +;, Xfe +0 Hfrt +;, [mh +=, Xfe +;

Inkgbgcncms? Hfr ;>, Cms >;, @fe 4,Get 4, Pnk >>, @nr >

Hfr ;=, Cms 9, @fe 4,Get 4, Pnk >>, @nr >

Hfr ;=, Cms ;4, @fe 4,Get 4, Pnk >>, @nr >.

Njkgmetm? Puktmrrëemf Puktmrrëemf PuktmrrëemfFranegznáàf? Pfbgtîrgf fu arupf (;-3) Pfbgtîrgf fu arupf (;-3) Pfbgtîrgf fu arupf (;-3)

Eêvmb cm Cmsnhgf? = 1 >;

Smsfurf? Emeiuj Emeiuj Emeiuj

Smecïe`gn? Pmjprm emutrf Pmjprm emutrf Pmjprm emutrf

Trfarmssàf? 9->; CX (Arnecm)< >0-;4 CX (Mefrjm)

8->; CX (Jçcgf)< 1->9CX (Arnecm)

7->8 CX (Mefrjm)< >1-;3 CX (Mefrjm)

Noustm cm Eêvmb? - - -

N[NEIN KNBGPSN

@festru`tfr JçcgfCncfs cm Xgcn? ;C>4 +;4 (0> TX)Geg`gntgvn? 4Cmsbf`njmetf? >= j, ms`nbncn >= j@N? >3 (+3 enturnb), tfqum >4, surprmsn >3.Knsm cm Ntnqum / Nanrrnr? +> / +;Ntnqum? ujn kfbn sóeg`n ä cgstëe`gn (cnef?3C9 sfefrf).Ntnqum Sftnb? ujn kfbn sóeg`n ä cgstëe`gn(cnef? 3C9 sfefrf).

Mspnáf / Nb`ne`m? >,= j / >,= j

ûnbgcncms Mspm`gngs? `nrn`tmrêstg`ns cm`festru`tf.Smstms cm [msgstïe`gn? Hfrt +4, [mh +4, Xfe -=Inkgbgcncms? Hfr >;, Cms >4, @fe 4, Get 4,Pnk >, @nr >Njkgmetm? ûnbqumrFranegznáàf? ;-8Eêvmb cm Cmsnhgf? 0Smsfurf? Emeiuj




Smecïe`gn? Pmjprm EmutrfTrfarmssàf? -Noustm cm Eêvmb? -

N Nrnein Knbgstn ç ujn nrnein arnecm `fj

fgtf pmrens. Mbn sm jfvm pmbf `fjnecf cnpmssfn qum n `rgfu, ntn`necf f qum smu`rgncfr cmsmonr `fj ujn kfbn sóeg`n.

@FJKNSM

N Nrnein Knbgstn ntn`n smus ncvmrsîrgfs,bneánecf kfbns sóeg`ns ujn vmz pfr rfcncn.Mstns kfbns cm memragn `nusnj 3C9 pfetfs cmcnef sóeg`f mj uj ntnqum kmj-su`mcgcf.Sfcfs nqumbms qum mstgvmrmj cmetrf cm ujrngf cm 8 jmtrfs cn mxpbfsàf, prm`gsnrî tmrsu`mssf mj uj tmstm cm Hfrtgtucm (@C >=) fuhg`nrî surcf, `fjf n jnagn ‒Pgbïe`gf‚.@festru`tfr? Gjuem nfs mhmgtfs cn jmetm,vmemef, cfmeáns m mhmgtfs smjmbinetms. Eàfmstî suomgtf n n`mrtfs `rêtg`fs, cnef eàf bmtnb,cnef pfr inkgbgcncm, crmef cm memragn fujfrtm pfr cnef jn`gáf.

N[NEIN CN NBJNMxtrn-Tbnenr (Tmqumef)Cncfs cm Xgcn? >8C9 +0; (>4; TX)Geg`gntgvn? +>;Cmsbf`njmetf? >; j, ms`nbncn >; j@N? ;7 (+9 Cms, +> tnjneif, +>4 enturnb),tfqum >7, surprmsn ;>Knsm cm Ntnqum / Nanrrnr? +>; / +>;Ntnqums? @frpf n `frpf? ; pntns +;> (cnef?>c3+3), fu @frpf n `frpf? jfrcgcn +>; (cnef?;c8+3 jngs vmemef).Ntnqum Sftnb? @frpf n `frpf? fgtf pntns +>=(cnef? >c3+3), fu @frpf n `frpf? jfrcgcn +>;(cnef? ;c8+3 jngs vmemef)Mspnáf / Nb`ne`m? >,= j / >,= jNtnqums Mspm`gngs? Xmemef, tmgn, rfuknrnbjn.ûnbgcncms Mspm`gngs? [mcuáàf cm Cnefs>=/jnagn, `nrn`tmrêstg`ns cm cmjóegf.Smstms cm [msgstïe`gn? Hfrt +>;, [mh +;4,Xfe +>>Inkgbgcncms? Hfr >7, Cms ;8, @fe >=, Get >3,Pnk >;, @nr 8Tmrê`gns? Ms`nbnr +;9, Ms`fecmr-sm +;9,Pnbtnr +;3, Msùtnr +;>, Hurtgvgcncm +;9,Trfùrnr +;>, Pmetgr Jftgvnáàf +;>, Fksmrvnr+;>Snbmetfs? Geg`gntgvn Nprgjfrncn, [mhbmxfs[îpgcfs, Nùgcncm `fj Nrjn (Tntn), Hf`f mjNrjn (Tntn)Njkgmetm? @njncns Gehgegtns cf NkgsjfFranegznáàf? PfbgtîrgfEêvmb cm Cmsnhgf? >=

Smsfurf? EmeiujSmecïe`gn? Pmjprm @nðtg`f m JnuTrfarmssàf? >1-;0 TX (Jçcgf)< ;3-04 TX(Arnecm)< 0>-08 TX (Mefrjm)Noustm cm Eêvmb? -

N Nrnein cn Nbjn ç cf jmsjf pbnef qum frmstf cfs cmjóegfs qum sm nssmjmbin. Mbms`nánj ns nbjns pmrcgcns jfrtngs jnusqunecf mstàf ens @njncns Gehgegtns cfNkgsjf. Mbms, metàf, prmecmj m ntfrjmetnjns nbjns pnrn n sun prðprgn cgvmrsàf fu mbmstrnknbinj `fj fs cmjóegfs jngs hfrtms pnrnbmvnr ns nbjns pnrn pnanr sun pmegtïe`gn.Nrneins cn Nbjn pnrm`mj nrneins aganetmsefrjngs, mx`mtf qum mbns tïj uj `frpfkrne`f `fkmrtf pfr uj gevðbu`rf qugtgefsfjugtf cghê`gb cm qumkrnr m suns jnecêkubns sàfcuns vmzms f tnjneif efrjnb. Nrneins cnNbjn tmj fbifs arnecms qum pnrm`mjvnanjmetm iujnefgcm m sàf jugtfgetmbgametms.Mbns hnbnj Nkgssnb m Puktmrrëemf.

@FJKNSM

Nrneins cn Nbjn smjprm tmetnj ntn`nrsurprmmecmecf suns vêtgjns `fj sunmstfetmnetm vmbf`gcncm m nagbgcncm. Mbnspfcmj usnr tfcns ns suns fgtf pntns mj`fjkntm, kntmecf m `frtnecf smusncvmrsîrgfs `fj n `ns`n qum `fkrm smu `frpf.Pm n prmsn eàf `ngr pnrn mstm ntnqum, nNrnein cn Nbjn, metàf, tmetn jfrcmr,cmgxnecf smu vmemef rmtnrcnr n `rgnturn ntçqum mbn pfssn rfuknr sun nbjn.Gjuegcncm? Cmjóegfs sàf gjuems ä vmemef mmbmtrg`gcncm.ûnbgcncms Cmjfeên`ns? @fjf tfcfs fscmjóegfs, ns Nrneins cn Nbjn tmj nssmaugetms qunbgcncms?[msgstïe`gn? Fs cmjóegfs tïj rmsgstïe`gn ;4`fetrn hrgf, hfaf m î`gcf.[fuknr Nbjn? 3x pfr cgn, n Nrnein cn Nbjnpfcm nprgsgfenr n nbjn cm ujn vêtgjn cmetrfcm sun tmgn. N Nrnein cn Nbjn cmvm rfbnr ujntnqum cm tfqum `fetrn uj fpfemetm prmsfmj sun tmgn, sm mstm ntnqum hfr kmj su`mcgcf,n nbjn cn `rgnturn smrî prmsn en tmgn.Smgn? 8x pfr cgn, ujn Nrnein cn Nbjn pfcmcgspnrnr tmgns cm smu nkcójme. Mstm ntnqum ç`fjf n jnagn ‒Smgn‚, `fj nbaujns mx`máýms?F nb`ne`m ç cm 7 j, m ns tmgns sàfpmrjnemetms, eàf jîag`n, m eàf pfcm smrcgssgpncn.N @C pnrn huagr fu bgkmrtnr-sm cns tmgns ç ;4, miî 1=% cm ìne`m cm qum mbn eàf vî qumgjnr`nsf `fbfqumj hfaf embn.




Smbmpntgn? Fs cmjóegfs pfcmj sm `fjueg`nrtmbmpntg`njmetm `fj qunbqumr `rgnturn eujcgëjmtrf cm 04 j, qum smonj getmbgametms.Xmemef? Jfrcgcn< tmstm cm rmsgstïe`gn cmXfetncm (@C ;4)< cnef geg`gnb bmetf (`fjf n

jnagn), cnef smùecîrgf? ;C8 pfetfs cm cneftmjpfrîrgf cm @festgtugáàf.Xgnamj Tbnenr? Mstn inkgbgcncm nhmtn npmensn Nrnein cn Nbjn. Srntn-sm cm ujn vnrgnáàfcn jnagn cm jmsjf efjm.

_]JKG XMEMEFPF

]j _ujkg Xmemefsf ç f prfcutf cm ujn`rgnturn qumgjncn pmbfs mhmgtfs cn jnagn‒@iuvn Xmemefsn‚. Mbms sàf `rgnturns tmrrêvmgscm sm vmr, cgstfráýms cm suns vgcns netmrgfrms.Pun `nrem ç puxncn m tmj ujn pnbgcmzmsvmrcmncn. Nprmsmetnj kurn`fs cmqumgjncurns mj smus `frpfs pfr `nusn cnjnagn ‒@iuvn Xmemefsn‚ qum fs `rgfu. Pmusjÿsùbfs sàf rnsancfs m smus fssfs smprfomtnj pnrn hfrn cm sun pmbm. Iî uj krgbifvmrcm pfr trîs cm smus fbifs, m uj bêqugcfvmrcm ntrnvmssn smus `frpfs m n knkn cm sunskf`ns.Tfr `nusn cm sun nksfbutn hnbtn cmgetmbgaïe`gn, ns gestruáýms cncns pnrn fsrm`çj-`rgncfs _ujkgs Xmemefsfs cmvmj smrjugtf sgjpbms.

@fjf @rgnr uj _ujkg Xmemefsf"_ujkg Xmemefsf" ç uj jfcmbf qum pfcm smrncg`gfencf n qunbqumr `rgnturn `frpðrmn(mx`mtf jfrtfs-vgvfs) qum tmein uj msqumbmtf(rmhmrgcf cnqug pfr cgnetm `fjf ‒`rgnturn-knsm‚).Snjneif m Sgpf? F tgpf cn `rgnturn jucnpnrn ‒jfrtf-vgvf‚. Mbm `fesmrvn qungsqumrsuktgpfs qum eàf smonj rmbn`gfencfs `fjtmecïe`gns `fjf Kmj, @nfs, pfr mxmjpbf.Mbm eàf anein f suktgpf Nvneáncf. Mbm usntfcns ns mstntêstg`ns cn `rgnturn knsm minkgbgcncms mspm`gngs, mx`mtf `fjf fksmrvncfnqug?Cncfs cm Xgcn? Mbgjgem fs cncfs cm vgcn cn`bnssm cf pmrsfenamj (pnrn >, ef jêegjf) msukstgtun fs Cncfs cm Xgcn rmstnetms pfr C>;.Xmbf`gcncm? Pm n `rgnturn knsm pfcm vfnr,sun `npn`gcncm cm jnefkrn ç rmcuzgcn pnrn(cmsnomgtncf).@bnssm cm Nrjncurn? F kóeus cm nrjncurnenturnb nujmetn cm n`frcf `fj f tnjneif cf_ujkg Xmemefsf.Jgeÿsùbf : 4Tmqumef : +>Jçcgf : +;Arnecm : +0

Mefrjm : +3Aganetm : +1@fbfssnb : +>>

Knsm cm Ntnqum? ]j _ujkg Xmemefsf tmj

uj Kóeus Knsm cm Ntnqum gaunb n >/; cfscncfs cm vgcn cn `rgnturn-knsm.Ntnqums? F _ujkg Xmemefsf jnetçj tfcfsfs ntnqums `fj nrjns enturngs mjneuhnturncns cn `rgnturn-knsm. Mbm tnjkçjpfcmrî utgbgznr fs jmsjfs Snbmetfs m nrjnscn `rgnturn-knsm. ]j _ujkg Xmemefsftnjkçj anein uj ntnqum cm pne`ncn.Cnefs? Nrjns enturngs m jneuhnturncns`nusnj cnef efrjnb. Fs cnefs `nusncfspmbn pne`ncn grî cmpmecmr cf tnjneif cf_ujkg Xmemefsf. (]tgbgzm n tnkmbn nkngxf `nsfnìm jmbifr).

Cncfs Snjneif>c0 Jgeÿsùbf>c3 Tmqumef>c8 Jçcgf>c9 Arnecm;c8 Mefrjm;c9 Gjmesf3c8 @fbfssnb

Ntnqums Mspm`gngs? uj _ujkg Xmemefsfpmrcm tfcfs fs ntnqums mspm`gngs cn `rgnturn-knsm, jns anein fs smaugetms ntnqumsmspm`gngs?@fetntf Xmemefsf ? Pmjprm qum uj _ujkgXmemefsf tf`nr fu hfr tf`ncf pfr ujncvmrsîrgf (pfr mxmjpbf, n pnrtgr cm ujNtnqum Cmsnrjncf), uj tmstm cm Hfrtgtucmsmrî em`mssîrgf fu f ncvmrsîrgf hg`nrîmevmemencf. N @C pfcm vnrgnr, cmpmecmecfcf tnjneif cf _ujkg Xmemefsf? Tmqumef (fuJgeÿsùbf) @C >0, Jçcgf @C >=, fu Arnecm(fu jngfr) @C >9. F vmemef ç mxntnjmetm`fjf n jnagn ‒Xmemef‚.Pnbgvn Xmemefsn? Bgein cm vmemef `fj >,=j cm nbturn, >,= j cm bnraurn m 7 j cm`fjprgjmetf, ujn vmz n `ncn rfcncn< Smstmcm [mhbmxf cmsvgnr (@C >4 + º TX cf _ujkg)._ujkgs Xmemefsfs eàf usnràf mssninkgbgcncm, n jmefs qum mstmon cmsmspmrncffu hrustrncf. Mbms, en jngfrgn cns vmzms,`fspmj qunecf tgvmrmj smus pfetfs cm vgcnrmcuzgcfs n jmefs cn jmtncm fu qunecf mbmseàf `fesmaugrmj kntmr ef ncvmrsîrgf.ûnbgcncms Mspm`gngs? ]j _ujkg Xmemefsfpmrcm qunsm tfcns ns qunbgcncms mspm`gngs cn`rgnturn knsm. @fj mx`máàf cns qunbgcncmsmspm`gngs qum jmbifrnj smus ntnqums `frpf n`frpf fu ntnqums ä cgstëe`gn.




]j _ujkg Xmemefsf anein ns smaugetmsqunbgcncms mspm`gngs?Pfjmetm Náýms Tnr`gngs? f _ujkg Xmemefsfnprmsmetn pfu`fs [mhbmxfs m pfcmj mxmùtnrnpmens ujn ÿeg`n náàf cm jfvgjmetf fu cm

ntnqum mj `ncn rfcncn. ]j _ujkg Xmemefsfpfcm sm jfvmr m ntn`nr en jmsjn rfcncn,jns npmens sm mbm tmetnr ujn Gevmstgcn.[mcuáàf cm Cnefs? f _ujkg Xmemefsfanein =/`frtnetm.Xgsàf ef msùrf? _ujkg Xmemefsf aneinvgsàf ef msùrf pfr >9 j.Smstms cm [msgstïe`gns? fs Kóeus Knsm cm[msgstïe`gn sàf Hfrt +>/0 CX, [mh +>/0 CX, mXfe +>/; CX + ;.Inkgbgcncms? Hfrán +;, Cmstrmzn -;, eàf tmjpfetunáàf mj @festgtugáàf fu Getmbgaïe`gn,Pnkmcfrgn jucn pnrn >4, m smu @nrgsjn smrî>.Tmrê`gns? ]j _ujkg Xmemefsf eàf tmjpfetfs cm Tmrê`gns.

Snbmetfs? ]j _ujkg Xmemefsf pmrcm tfcfsfs tnbmetfs cn `rgnturn-knsm m anein[msgstïe`gn.Njkgmetm? ûnbqumr tmrrmstrm m suktmrrëemf.Franegznáàf? Pfbgtîrgf.

Cmsnhgf? Cmpmecm cn qunetgcncm cm CX, vmontnkmbn nkngxf?

CX Eêvmb cm Cmsnhgf>/; >/;4> >4; ;40-43 04=-41 349->4 =>;->3 8>=->8 1>9-;4 9

Smsfurf? Emeiuj.Nbgeinjmetf? Pmjprm Emutrf m Jnu.Noustm cm Eêvmb? -.




_ujkg XmemefsfLfkfbc

Jfrtf-Xgvf (Tmqumef)

_ujkg XmemefsfIujnef

Jfrtf-Xgvf (Jçcgf)

_ujkg XmemefsfSrfabfcgtn

Jfrtf-Xgvf (Jçcgf)Cncfs cm Xgcn? ;c>; +0 (>8 TX) ;c>; +0 (>8 TX) 3c>; +0 (;7 TX)

Geg`gntgvn? 4 -> -;Cmsbf`njmetf? 7 j (8 quncrncfs,

ge`npnz cm `frrmr)7 j (8 quncrncfs,ge`npnz cm `frrmr)

7 j (8 quncrncfs,ge`npnz cm `frrmr)

@bnssm cm Nrjncurn?>0 (+> tnjneif, +;enturnb), tfqum >>,

surprmsn >0

>> (-> Cms, +; enturnb),tfqum 9, surprmsn >>

>8 (-; Cms, +9 enturnb),tfqum 9, surprmsn >8

Ntnqum Knsm /Nanrrnr? +> / -3 +>/+; +;/+0

Ntnqum?

@frpf n `frpf? Bneán+> (Cnef? >C8-> / x0)fu Tne`ncn +> (Cnef?

>c3-> + vmemef).Ä cgstëe`gn? Kmstn Bmvm

+; (>c8/>7-;4).

@frpf n `frpf?Tne`ncn +; (Cnef?

>C8 +> + vmemef) fu@bnvn +; (Cnef? >c8

+>).

@frpf n `frpf? @bnvnArnecm +0 (>c>4 +>)

fu Jfrcgcn +0 (>c3 +>jngs vmemef) fu

Tne`ncn +0 (cnef? >c8+> jngs vmemef).

Ä cgstëe`gn? Nznangn +4(>c8 +>).

Ntnqum Sftnb?

@frpf n `frpf? Bneán+4 (Cnef? >C8-> / x0)fu Tne`ncn +4 (Cnef?

>C3-> + vmemef).Ä cgstëe`gn? Kmstn Bmvm+> (Cnef? >C8/>7-;4)

@frpf n `frpf?Tne`ncn +; (Cnef?

>C8 +> + vmemef) fu@bnvn +; (Cnef? >c8

+>).

@frpf n `frpf? @bnvnArnecm +0 (>c>4 +>)

fu Jfrcgcn +0 (>c3 +>jngs vmemef) fu

Tne`ncn +0 (cnef? >c8+> jngs vmemef).

Ä cgstëe`gn? Nznangn +4(>c8 +>).

Mspnáf / Nb`ne`m? >,= j / >,= j >,= j / >,= j >,= j / >,= j

Ntnqums Mspm`gngs? @fetntf Xmemefsf,Pnbgvn Xmemefsn

@fetntf Xmemefsf,Pnbgvn Xmemefsn

@fetntf Xmemefsf,Pnbgvn Xmemefsn

ûnbgcncmsMspm`gngs?

Náýms pnr`gngs,rmcuáàf cm cnef

=/`frtnetm, vgsàf efmsùrf >9 j,

`nrn`tmrêstg`ns cmjfrtf-vgvf.







Smstms cm[msgstïe`gn?

Hfrt +4, [mh +4,Xfe +0

Hfrt +4, [mh ->,Xfe +0

Hfrt +>, [mh ->,Xfe +3

Inkgbgcncms? Hfr 9, Cms >>, @fe -,Get -, Pnk >4, @nr >

Hfr >;, Cms 9, @fe -,Get -, Pnk >4, @nr >

Hfr >;, Cms 1, @fe -,Get -, Pnk >4, @nr >

Snbmetfs? Xgtnbgcncm Xgtnbgcncm Xgtnbgcncm

Njkgmetm? Hbfrmstns tmjpmrncns ûnbqumr Puktmrrëemf

Franegznáàf? Pfbgtîrgf Pfbgtîrgf PfbgtîrgfEêvmb cm Cmsnhgf? ; ; 0

Smsfurf? Emeiuj Emeiuj Emeiuj

Smecïe`gn? Pmjprm Emutrf m Jnu Pmjprm Emutrf m Jnu Pmjprm Emutrf m Jnu

Trfarmssàf? - - -

Noustm cm Eêvmb? - - -




BG@MEPN CM OFAF NKM[SF

Mstm jntmrgnb ç @fetmÿcf cm Ofaf Nkmrtf, m çbg`me`gncf pnrn usf pÿkbg`f sfk fs tmrjfs cn

Bg`meán cm Ofaf Nkmrtf v>.4n.GEHF[JNÁÝMP BMANGP

Tmrjgssàf cm `fpgnr, jfcghg`nr m cgstrgkugrmstm cfùjmetf ç `fe`mcgcn npmens ntrnvçscf usf cn Bg`meán cm Ofaf Nkmrtf, vmrsàf>.4n.

Mstm cfùjmetf cî ujn getmrhn`m äsrmarns m jntmrgngs kîsg`fs em`mssîrgfs pnrn`rgnr `fetmÿcf `fjpntêvmb `fj f jngs vmecgcfsgstmjn cm [TA cm jmsn cf juecf.

Mstm jntmrgnb mstî smecf bneáncf usnecfn Bg`meán cm Ofaf Nkmrtf Xmrsàf >.4n m vf`ï

cmvm bmr m metmecmr fs tmrjfs cmssn bg`meánnetms cm usnr mstm jntmrgnb.F tmxtf cn Bg`meán cm Ofaf Nkmrtf eàf ç

pfr sg @fetmÿcf cm Ofaf Nkmrtf. Gestruáýmssfkrm f usf cn Bg`meán sàf cncns cmetrf cnprðprgn Bg`meán.

Sfcf f rmstf cf tmxtf cmstm cfùjmetf ç@fetmÿcf cm Ofaf Nkmrtf `fjf cms`rgtf enPmáàf >(c) cn Bg`meán.

Jngs gehfrjnáýms sfkrm n Bg`meán cm OfafNkmrtf pfcmj smr me`fetrncns mjwww.fpmeanjgeahfuecntgfe.fra.

Fs tmrjfs cn Bg`meán cm Ofaf Nkmrtf Xmrsàf>.4n sàf `fjf sm smaum?

BG@MEÁN CM OFAF NKM[SF Xmrsàf >.4n

F tmxtf smaugetm ç prfprgmcncm cn Qgznrcs fhtim @fnst, Ge`. m ç @fpyrgait ;444 Qgznrcs fhtim @fnst, Ge` ("Qgznrcs"). Sfcfs fs cgrmgtfsrmsmrvncfs.

>. Cmhgegáýms? (n) "@fetrgkugcfrms" sgaeghg`n fscfefs cm `fpyrgaits m/fu trncmjnrls qum`fetrgkuêrnj @fetmÿcf cm Ofaf Nkmrtf< (k)"Jntmrgnb Cmrgvncf" sgaeghg`n jntmrgnb prftmagcfpfr `fpyrgait ge`bugecf trnknbifs m trncuáýmscmrgvncfs (ge`busgvm n futrns bgeaunames cm`fjputncfr), jfcghg`náàf, `frrmáàf, ncgáàf,mxtmesàf, ntunbgznáàf, npmrhmgáfnjmetf,`fjpubnáàf, rmsujf fu futrn hfrjn en qunbuj trnknbif mxgstmetm pfssn smr rmhfrjncf,trneshfrjncf fu ncnptncf< (`) "Cgstrgkugr"sgaeghg`n rmprfcuzgr, bg`me`gnr, nbuanr, nrrmecnr,vmecmr, pukbg`nr, trnesjgtgr fu cm futrn hfrjncgstrgkugr< (c) "@fetmÿcf cm Ofaf Nkmrtf"sgaeghg`n n jm`ëeg`n cm ofaf m ge`bug fs

jçtfcfs, prf`mcgjmetfs, prf`mssfs m rftgensen jmcgcn qum tnb `fetmÿcf eàf ge`frpfrm n

Gcmetgcncm cf Trfcutf m ç ujnpmrhmgáfnjmetf sfkrm f jntmrgnb netmrgfr mqunbqumr `fetmÿcf ncg`gfenb `bnrnjmetmgcmetghg`ncf `fjf @fetmÿcf cm Ofaf Nkmrtfpmbf @fetrgkugcfr, m sgaeghg`n qunbqumr trnknbif`fkmrtf pfr mstn Bg`meán, ge`busgvm trncuáýmsm trnknbifs cmrgvncfs sfk bmg cm `fpyrgait,jns mspm`ghg`njmetm mx`bug Gcmetgcncm cfTrfcutf. (m) "Gcmetgcncm cf Trfcutf" sgaeghg`nprfcutf m efjms cm bgeins cm prfcuáàf,bfaftgpfs m jnr`ns cm gcmetghg`náàf ge`busgvm"trncm crmss"< nrtmhntfs< `rgnturnspmrsfenames< mstðrgns, mermcfs, mbmjmetfstmjîtg`fs, cgîbfaf, ge`gcmetms, bgeaunamj,

trnknbif nrtêstg`f, sêjkfbfs, prfomtfs vgsungs,rmtrntfs, gjnames, hfrjntfs, pfsms, `fe`mgtfs,tmjns m rmprmsmetnáýms arîhg`ns, hftfarîhg`nsfu cm futrn enturmzn vgsunb fu sfefrn< efjmsm cms`rgáýms cm pmrsfenames, jnagns,me`netnjmetfs, pmrsfenbgcncms, mqugpms,pmssfns, gjnames m inkgbgcncms mspm`gngs<buanrms, bf`nbgcncms, njkgmetms, `rgnturns,mqugpnjmetf, inkgbgcncms fu mhmgtfs jîag`fsfu sfkrmenturngs, bfaftgpfs, sêjkfbfs fucmsgaes arîhg`fs< m qunbqumr futrn trncmjnrlfu trncmjnrl rmagstrncn `bnrnjmetmgcmetghg`ncn `fjf gcmetgcncm cm Trfcutf pmbfcfef cn Gcmetgcncm cm Trfcutf, m qum

mspm`ghg`njmetm mx`bug f @fetmÿcf cm OfafNkmrtf< (h) "Srncmjnrl" sgaeghg`n fs bfaftgpfs,efjms, jnr`ns, sgengs, bmjns, cmsmeifs qumsàf usncfs pmbf @fetrgkugcfr pnrn gcmetghg`nr nsg fu n smus prfcutfs fu fs prfcutfsnssf`gncfs `fetrgkuêcfs ä Bg`meán cm OfafNkmrtf pmbf @fetrgkugcfr (a) "]snr", "]sncf"fu "]sf" sgaeghg`n usnr, Cgstrgkugr, `fpgnr,mcgtnr, hfrjntnr, jfcghg`nr, trncuzgr m cm futrnhfrjn `rgnr Jntmrgnb Cmrgvncf cf @fetmÿcf cmOfaf Nkmrtf. (i) "Xf`ï" fu "Pmu" sgaeghg`n fbg`me`gncf mj tmrjfs cmstm n`frcf.

;. N Bg`meán? Mstn Bg`meán sm npbg`n nqunbqumr @fetmÿcf cm Ofaf Nkmrtf qum`fetçj ujn ncvmrtïe`gn gecg`necf qum f@fetmÿcf cm Ofaf Nkmrtf sð pfcm smr ]sncfsfk m cmetrf cfs tmrjfs cmstn Bg`meán. Xf`ïcmvm nhgxnr tnb ncvmrtïe`gn n qunbqumr@fetmÿcf cm Ofaf Nkmrtf qum vf`ï vmein n]snr. Emeiuj tmrjf pfcm smr sfjncf fusuktrnêcf cmstn Bg`meán mx`mtf `fjf cms`rgtfen prðprgn Bg`meán. Emeiuj futrf tmrjf fu`fecgáàf pfcm sm np³bg`nr n @fetmÿcf cm OfafNkmrtf nbauj cgstrgkuêcf usnecf mstn Bg`meán.



0. Fhmrtn m N`mgtnáàf? Nf ]snr f @fetmÿcf cmOfaf Nkmrtf vf`ï gecg`n Pun n`mgtnáàf cfstmrjfs cmstn Bg`meán.

3. @fe`mssàf m @fesgcmrnáàf? Mj`fesgcmrnáàf pfr `fe`frcnr mj usnr mstnBg`meán, fs @fetrgkugcfrms `fe`mcmj n Xf`ïujn bg`meán pmrpçtun, getmren`gfenb, bgvrm cmrfynbtms m eàf-mx`busgvn `fj fs mxntfs tmrjfscmstn Bg`meán pnrn ]snr f @fetmÿcf cm OfafNkmrtf.

=. [mprmsmetnáàf cm Nutfrgcncm pnrn@fetrgkugr? Pm Xf`ï mstî `fetrgkugecf `fjjntmrgnb frgagenb `fjf @fetmÿcf cm OfafNkmrtf, Xf`ï rmprmsmetn qum Puns@fetrgkugáýms sàf Pun `rgnáàf frgagenb m/fuXf`ï tmj cgrmgtfs suhg`gmetms pnrn `fe`mcmr fscgrmgtfs `fecuzgcfs pfr mstn Bg`meán.

8. Ncvmrtïe`gn cm @fpyrgait cn Bg`meán? Xf`ïcmvm ntunbgznr n pfráàf cm NCXM[SÏE@GNCM @FTW[GAIS cmstn Bg`meán pnrn ge`bugr ftmxtf mxntf cn NCXM[SÏE@GN CM@FTW[GAIS cm qunbqumr @fetmÿcf cm OfafNkmrtf qum Xf`ï mstmon `fpgnecf, jfcghg`necffu cgstrgkugecf, m Xf`ï cmvm ge`bugr f têtubf, ncntn cm `fpurgait m f efjm cf cfef cf`fpyrgait ä NCXM[SÏE@GN CM @FTW[GAIScm qunbqumr @fetmÿcf cm Ofaf Nkmrtf frgagenbqum vf`ï Cgstrgkun.

1. ]sf cn Gcmetgcncm cf Trfcutf? Xf`ï`fe`frcn mj eàf ]snr emeiujn Gcmetgcncmcf Trfcutf, ge`bugecf `fjf ujn gecg`náàf cm`fjpntgkgbgcncm, mx`mtf sm mxprmssnjmetmbg`me`gncf mj futrf N`frcf gecmpmecmetm `fjf cfef cm `ncn mbmjmetf cmssn Gcmetgcncm cfTrfcutf. Xf`ï `fe`frcn mj eàf gecg`nr`fjpntgkgbgcncm fu `f-ncnptnkgbgcncm `fjSrncmjnrl fu Srncmjnrl [magstrncn nbaujnmj `feoueáàf `fj uj trnknbif `fetmecf@fetmÿcf cm Ofaf Nkmrtf mx`mtf smmxprmssnjmetm bg`me`gncf mj futrf N`frcfgecmpmecmetm `fj f cfef cm tnb Srncmjnrl mSrncmjnrl [magstrncn. F usf cm qunbqumrGcmetgcncm cm Trfcutf mj @fetmÿcf cm Ofaf

7. Ntunbgznecf n Bg`meán? Qgznrcs fu smusNametms cmsgaencfs pfcmj pukbg`nr vmrsýmsntunbgzncns cmstn Bg`meán. Xf`ï pfcm usnrqunbqumr vmrsàf nutfrgzncn cmstn Bg`meán

pnrn `fpgnr, jfcghg`nr m cgstrgkugr qunbqumr@fetmÿcf cm Ofaf Nkmrtf frgagenbjmetmcgstrgkuêcf sfk qunbqumr vmrsàf cmstn Bg`meán<

>4. @ðpgn cmstn Bg`meán? Xf`ï CMXM ge`bugrujn `ðpgn cmstn Bg`meán `fj `ncn `ðpgn cf@fetmÿcf cm Ofaf Nkmrtf qum Xf`ï Cgstrgkun.

>>. ]sf cm @rçcgtfs cf @fetrgkugcfr? Xf`ï eàfpfcm `fjmr`gnbgznr fu pukbg`nr f @fetmÿcf cmOfaf Nkmrtf usnecf f efjm cm uj@fetrgkugcfr qunbqumr n jmefs qum Xf`ïtmein pmrjgssàf ms`rgtn cf @fetrgkugcfr pnrnhnzï-bf.

>;. Genkgbgcncm cm @ujprgjmetf? Pm hfrgjpfssêvmb pnrn Xf`ï ùjprgr `fj qunbqumruj cfs tmrjfs cmstn Bg`meán `fj rmspmgtf nnbauj fu tfcf f @fetmÿcf cm Ofaf Nkmrtfarnáns n mstntutf, frcmj oucg`gnb furmaubnjmetf afvmrenjmetnb metàf Xf`ï eàfpfcm ]snr Jntmrgnb cm Ofaf Nkmrtf emeiujnssgj nhmtncf.

>0. Sçrjgef? Mstn Bg`meán tmrjgenrînutfjntg`njmetm sm Xf`ï hnbinr mj ùjprgr`fj tfcfs fs tmrjfs emstn m hnbinr mj ùrnrtnb krmìn cmetrm 04 cgns cm sm tfrenr `gmetmcn krmìn. Sfcns ns sukbg`meáns sfkrmvgvmràfnf tçrjgef cmstn Bg`meán<

>3. [mhfrjn? Pm nbaujn `fecgáàf cmstnBg`meán hfr n`rmcgtncn gjpfssêvmb cm sm hfránr,tnb `fecgáàf smrî rmhfrjncn npmens enjmcgcn em`mssîrgn pnrn tfreî-bn hfráîvmb.

>=. NCXM[SÏE@GN CM @FTW[GAISBg`meán cm Ofaf Nkmrtf v >.4n @fpyrgait;444, Qgznrcs fh tim @fnst, Ge`.Cfùjmetf cm [marns cf Pgstmjn @fpyrgait;444, Qgznrcs fh tim @fnst, Ge`.< NutfrmsOfentine Swmmt, Jfetm @ffl, Plgp Qgbbgnjs,knsmncf ef jntmrgnb frgagenb pfr M. Anry

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