DAN S K R I P S I - library.usd.ac.id PDF/F. Ekonomi/Akuntansi/082114005_full.pdf · vii LE M BA R...

NAD TAKARAYSAM ISAPISITRAP ,SATILIBATNUKA HURAGNEP NAGNUBUH PADAHRET KILBUP NAKAJIBEK ISNARAPSNART

NARAGGNA GNATNET NAWED NAUHATEGNEP ARATNA )DBPA( HAREAD NAGNAUEK NASAWAGNEP NAGNED

napapkilaB atoK taykaR nalikawreP naweD adap susaK idutS

S P I R K S I

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD imonokE anajraS raleG helorepmeM

isnatnukA idutS margorP

: helO

gnoppagaP ailataN ikzeR 500411280 : MIN

ISNATNUKA IDUTS MARGORP ISNATNUKA NASURUJ IMONOKE SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU ATRAKAYGOY

102 2

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

i


NARAGGNA GNATNET NAWED NAUHATEGNEP ARATNA )DBPA( HAREAD NAGNAUEK NASAWAGNEP NAGNED


P I R K S I S

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD imonokE anajraS raleG helorepmeM

isnatnukA idutS margorP

: helO

gnoppagaP ailataN ikzeR 500411280 : MIN

ISNATNUKA IDUTS MARGORP ISNATNUKA NASURUJ IMONOKE SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU ATRAKAYGOY

2102


ii


iii


vi

,uknignI anahredeS aynaH

: umtaubmem

ukA ikilimeM aigahaB nad agggnaB

: kutnu nakhabmesrep uk ini anahredes ayrak itah hadner nagneD

asaitnanes nad gnibmibmem ,agajnem ulales gnay , sutsirK suseY nahuT

gnay hareguna hisak nad takreb nakirebmem alages nutnunem ulales

.ukpudih malad ahasu nad hakgnal

,kididnem halet gnay akiM iluY ukamaM nad gnoppagaP sukraM ukapaP

napudihek itra gnatnet narajalep kaynab nakirebmem nad ,nakrasebmem

.kiab hibel uknakidajnem ulales kutnu ukadapek

.A ynnoD ukkidA atic haliapac nad rajaleb suret , gnoppagaP - umatic

irah ianrawem halet gnay , gnuapraM .N sugA - hisak amireT .ukirah

b uktaubmem halet anerak uti nupapa licekes itrare


v

nupapa gnatnet ritauk umak aynkadneh halnagnaJ“ malad halnakatayn ipatet ,aguj lah alages

nanohomrep nad aod malad hallA adapek umnanigniek gnay hallA arethajes iamaD .rukuys napacu nagned nad itah arahilemem nakalaka alages iuapmalem

.”suseY sutsirK malad umnarikip 6:4 ipiliF [ - ]7

deen uoy tahw swonk doG ehw dna ti deen uoy n

ot dehctam yltcefrep si gnimit siH ynitsed ruoy rof dna

era uoy revetahw fo tseb eht eb dna tseb ruoy oD


iv

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

IMONOKE SATLUKAF ISNATNUKA NASURUJ – ISNATNUKA IDUTS MARGORP

ISPIRKS SILUT AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP

gnaY hawab id nagnatadnatreb ayas ,ini nakataynem awhab ispirks nagned :luduj

TAKARAYSAM ISAPISITRAP ,SATILIBATNUKA HURAGNEP NAD ISNARAPSNART NAKAJIBEK KILBUP NAGNUBUH PADAHRET

ARATNA NEP NARAGGNA GNATNET NAWED NAUHATEG NAGNED EP BPA( HAREAD NAGNAUEK NASAWAGN )D

d na nakujamid u 2102 sutsugA 03 laggnat adap ijuid kutn halada lisah ayrak .ayas

nagneD ini ayas nakataynem nagned aynhuggnuses awhab malad ispirks ini kadit tapadret nahurulesek uata naigabes ayas gnay nial gnaro nasilut libma

nagned arac a ,nilaynem uat urinem malad kutneb naiakagnar tamilak is uata lobmnakkujnunem gnay nasagag uata tapadnep uata narikimep ayas gnay nial silunep

uka haloes i halo iagabes nasilut ayas iridnes nad uata kadit tapadret naigab uata nahurulesek ayas gnay nasilut ,urit ,nilas ayas gnay uata libma irad gnaro nasilut

apnat nial nakirebmem naukagnep adap silunep .aynilsa

alibapA ayas nakukalem lah kiab ,sata id tubesret ajagnes nupuam ,kaditnagned ini ayas nakataynem kiranem ayas gnay ispirks nakuja iagabes nasilut

ayrak ayas s iridne . aliB naidumek itkubret awhab ayas ataynret nakukalem nakadnit nilaynem uata urinem nial gnaro nasilut s haloe - halo lisah narikimep ayas

itrareb ,iridnes raleg nad halet gnay hasaji nakirebid helo satisrevinu latab ayas .amiret ,atrakaygoY sutsugA 13 2102

taubmem gnaY ,naataynrep

( pagaP ailataN ikzeR p gno )


iiv

NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL

SIMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU HAIMLI AYRAK ISAKILBUP

reb gnaY :amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsisaham ayas ,ini hawab id nagnat adnat

amaN gnoppagaP ailataN ikzeR :

awsisahaM romoN 500411280 :

naakatsupreP adapek nakirebmem ayas ,nauhategnep umli nagnabmegnep imeD

eb gnay ayas haimli ayrak amrahD atanaS satisrevinU :ludujr

isnarapsnarT nad takaraysaM isapisitraP ,satilibatnukA huragneP

gnatneT naweD nauhategneP aratnA nagnubuH padahreT kilbuP nakajibeK

.)DBPA( hareaD nagnaueK nasawagneP nagneD naraggnA

yas naikimed nagneD .)ada alib( nakulrepid gnay takgnarep atreseb nakirebmem a

,napmiynem kutnu kah amrahD atanaS satisrevinU naakatsupreP adapek

nalakgnap kutneb malad aynalolegnem ,nial aidem kutneb malad nakhilagnem

uata tenretni id aynnakisakilbupmem nad ,satabret araces nakisubirtsidnem ,atad

tnepek kuntu nial aidem s irad niji atnimem ulrep apnat simedaka nagni a ay

ayas aman nakmutnacnem patet amales ayas adapek itlayor nakirebmem nupuam

.silunep iagabes

.aynranebes nagned taub ayas ini naataynrep naikimeD

atrakaygoY id taubiD

2102 sutsugA 13 :laggnat adaP

nem gnaY nakatay

gnoppagaP ailataN ikzeR


iiiv

RATNAGNEP ATAK

halet gnay ,hisakahaM gnaY apaB adapek hisak amiret nad rukuys ijuP

nakiaseleynem tapad aggnihes silunep adapek ainurak nad tamhar nakhapmilem

las ihunemem kutnu naujutreb ini ispirks nasiluneP .ini ispirks kutnu tarays utas ha

imonokE satlukaF ,isnatnukA idutS margorP adap anajras raleg helorepmem

.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

,nagnibmib apnat awhab ,aynhunepes iradaynem siluneP nad nautnab

ynada itrepes dujuwret naka kadit ini ispirks ,kahip iagabreb nagnorod gnarakes a

hisak amiret nakpacugnem silunep sulut gnilap gnay itah irad ,uti anerak helO .ini

araces kiab ,nagnorod nad nautnab nakirebmem halet gnay kahip aumes adapek

gnusgnal kadit nupuam gnusgnal .ini ispirks nasilunep nad naitilenep malad

miret napacU :adapek nakpacuid silunep hisak a

.a amrahD atanaS satisrevinU rotkeR ukales J.S ,amatmatayirP onoyriW .P .rI .rD

.atrakaygoY

.b rD .iS.M ,ojdiraM yrreH .H . satisrevinU imonokE satlukaF nakeD ukales

.atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS

.c Q ,.tkA ,.iS.M ,onoyidrapuS P.Y .srD AI idutS margorP auteK ukales

.atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU isnatnukA

.d rabas halet gnay gnibmibmep ukales AIQ ,.iS.M ,.E.S itawoyitsiluS amriF

ini ispirks nakiaseleynem malad silunep gnibmibmem .

.e nesod aumeS isnatnukA idutS margorP atanaS satisrevinU amrahD

.atrakaygoY


xi

.f nad nawraM onoyirP omoR idajnem halet hisak amiret ,saladnA araituM omoR

.ini ispirks naiaseleynep sesorp malad tabahas sugilakes natunap

.g t gnarO audeK ukau ukkida nad aod nad kiabret lah nakirebmem ulales gnay

pudih hakgnal paites malad .uk

.h ukraseb agraulek kutnU hisak amiret .aynaod nad nagnukud sata

.i sata gnuapraM .N sugA aynaod nad nagnukud ,naitregnep malad

.ini ispirks nakiaseleynem

.j tabahaS - T .ayrA & necniV ,areV ,nitiT ,aloL ,atI ,airolG uktabahas e amir

ales naamasrebek kutnu hisak ini am .

.k nameT - TPM salek namet , ,annoD ,aivoN ,atiD ,iwiT ,yhtaK ,legnA ,kitU

.treboR nad erdnA ,nesrA

.l nameT - F 8002 isnatnukA namet satluka E imonok .DSU

.m nameT - iranek sok namet ,5 ,asin abm ,isor ,ana ,natni ,agem abm ,naid abm

abm asil ek kutnu hisak amireT . .ini amales naamasreb

.n .utas rep utas naktubes silunep tapad kadit gnay kahip aumeS

,nagnarukek kaynab ikilimem hisam ini ispirks awhab iradaynem siluneP

ini ispirks agomeS .naras nad kitirk nakparahgnem silunep uti anerak helo tapad

acabmep igab taafnamreb .

2102 iluJ 41 ,atrakaygoY

gnoppagaP ailataN ikzeR


x

ISI RATFAD

namalaH

LUDUJ NAMALAH ................................ ................................ .................. i GNIBMIBMEP NAUJUTESREP NAMALAH ................................ .......... ii

.. NAHASEGNEP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ .. iii NAHABMESREP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ .. vi

SILUT AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP NAMALAH ...................... vi . AYRAK ISAKILBUP NAATAYNREP NAMALAH ............................... iiv

RATNAGNEP ATAK NAMALAH ................................ ........................... iv ii ISI RATFAD NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ......... x

LEBAT RATFAD NAMALAH ................................ ................................ .. x ii . KARTSBA ................................ ................................ ............................... ix ii TCARTSBA ................................ ................................ .............................. vix

I BAB NAULUHADNEP ................................ ................................ ...... 1 .A gnakaleBrataL halasaM ................................ ......................... 1 .B halasaMnasumuR ................................ ................................ ... 4 .C naitilenePnaujuT ................................ ................................ .... 5 .D naitilenePtaafnaM ................................ ................................ ... 5 .E nasilunePakitametsiS ................................ .............................. 6

II BAB IROET NASADNAL ................................ ................................ .. 8 .A gnukudneP iroeT ................................ ................................ .... 8

.1 . kilbuP rotkeS naraggnA pesnoK ................................ ...... 8

.2 . hareaD nagnaueK ................................ ............................. 12

.3 . hareaD nagnaueK nasawagneP ................................ ......... 13

.4 . naraggnA gnatneT naweD nauhategneP ........................... 14

.5 satilibatnukA ................................ ................................ ..... 16

.6 aP . takaraysaM isapisitr ................................ ..................... 17

.7 kilbuP nakajibeK isnarapsnarT . ................................ ......... 18 .B uluhadreT naitileneP lisaH ................................ ..................... 02 .C naitileneP sisetopiH nasumureP ................................ ............. 22

III BAB NAITILENEP EDOTEM ................................ ............................ 28 .A naitilenePsineJ ................................ ................................ ........ 28 .B nad tapmeT naitileneP utkaW ................................ ................. 28 .C naitileneP keybO nad keybuS ................................ ................ 28 .D kinkeT lepmaS nalibmagneP ................................ .................. 29 .E ataD nalupmugneP kinkeT ................................ ..................... 29 .F naitileneP lebairaV ................................ ................................ 31 .G naijugneP satidilaV . satilibaileR nad ................................ ...... 36 .H . ataD sisilanA kinkeT ................................ ............................ 38

VI BAB MUMU NARABMAG ATOK NAWED NAD AR NALIKAWREP .NAPAPKILAB ATOK HAREAD TAYK .. 46

.A mumU narabmaG napapkilaB atoK ................................ ........ 46

.B taykaR nalikawreP naweD mumU narabmaG atoK hareaD . napapkilaB ................................ ................................ ........... 05


ix

V BAB ATAD SISILANA NASAHABMEP NAD ................................ . 06 .A ispirkseD ataD nednopseR ................................ ...................... 06 .B ataD sisilanA ................................ ................................ .......... 62

.1 nemurtsnI naijugneP ................................ .......................... 26

.2 eP kisalK ismusA naijugn ................................ ................... 56

.3 sisetopiH naijugneP ................................ ........................... 69 .C isaterpretnI nad naitileneP lisaH ................................ ............. 79

.1 naraggnA gnatnet naweD nauhategneP huragneP T nagnaueK nasawagneP padahre hareaD . ......................... . 08 .2 huragneP satilibatnukA aratnA nagnubuH padahreT

t naweD nauhategneP naraggnA gnatne nagneD hareaD nagnaueK nasawagneP ................. .......................... 18 .3 huragneP takaraysaM isapisitraP ubuH padahreT nagn

aratnA t naweD nauhategneP naraggnA gnatne nagneD hareaD nagnaueK nasawagneP ......................................... . 82 .4 huragneP kilbuP nakajibeK isnarapsnarT padahreT

aratnA nagnubuH t naweD nauhategneP naraggnA gnatne nagneD nasawagneP hareaD nagnaueK .............................. 84

IV BAB PUTUNEP ................................ ................................ .................. 48 .A nalupmiseK ................................ ................................ ............ 48 .B naitileneP nasatabreteK ................................ .......................... 68 .C naraS ................................ ................................ ...................... 78

AKATSUP RATFAD ................................ ................................ ................. 88 NARIPMAL ................................ ................................ ............................... 09

.


iix

LEBAT RATFAD

namalaH

lebaT 1 uluhadreT naitileneP ................................ ................................ ... 02

lebaT 2 nednopseR kitsiretkaraK .. ................................ .......................... 61

.3 lebaT lisaH satidilaV ijU . ................................ ................................ ..... 63

4 lebaT . satilibaileR ijU lisaH . ................................ ................................ .. 65

.5 lebaT satilamroN ijU lisaH . ................................ ................................ .. 66

6 lebaT . satiraenilokitluM ijU lisaH . ................................ ........................ 67

.7 lebaT satisitsadeksoreteH ijU lisaH . ................................ .................... 68

.8 lebaT amatreP ledoM isanimreteD neisifeoK ijU lisaH . ........................ 69

lebaT 9 . amatreP sisetopiH ijU lisaH ................................ ........................ . 07

1 lebaT .0 audeK ledoM isanimreteD neisifeoK ijU lisaH ........................... . 71

.11 lebaT naijugneP lisaH audeK sisetopiH ................................ ................ . 73

21 lebaT . agiteK ledoM isanimreteD neisifeoK ijU lisaH . .......................... 74

31 lebaT . teK sisetopiH naijugneP lisaH agi . ................................ ............... 75

.41 lebaT tapmeeK ledoM isanimreteD neisifeoK ijU lisaH ........................ . 77

.51 lebaT ugneP lisaH ij na eK sisetopiH tapme . ................................ ........... 78


iiix

KARTSBA


ARATNA NARAGGNA GNATNET NAWED NAUHATEGNEP )DBPA( HAREAD NAGNAUEK NASAWAGNEP NAGNED


gnoppagaP ailataN ikzeR 500411280 :MIN

amrahD atanaS satisrevinU atrakaygoY

2102

kutnu naujutreb ini naitileneP huragnep ijugnem nawed nauhategnep gnatnet ini naitileneP .)DBPA( haread nagnauek nasawagnep padahret naraggna

a ijugnem kutnu naujutreb aguj ,satilibatnuka hakap nad takaraysam isapisitrapjibek isnarapsnart a isaredom lebairav iagabes kilbup nak epmem tapad ihuragn aratna nagnubuh nauhategnep nawed naraggna gnatnet nagned nasawagnep

haread nagnauek )DBPA( . taykaR nalikawreP naweD adap susak iduts halada ini naitilenep sineJ

sinej ,ini naitilenep malaD .napapkilaB atoK hareaD atad halada nakanugid gnay remirp atad renoiseuk utiay naitilenep nemurtsni nakanuggnem naklupmukid gnay

nednopser adapek nakirebid gnay hurules halada ini naitilenep malad nednopseR .9002 nuhat natabaj asam nagned napapkilaB atoK DRPD atoggna - .4102

P naijugne em naitilenep nemurtsni .satibailaer iju nad satidilav iju nakanuggnger iju nakanuggnem sisetopih naijugneP anahredes iser adnagreb iserger iju nad

isaredom lebairav huragnep tahilem kutnu kaltum hisiles ialin natakednep nagned.kisalk ismusa iju nakukalid haletes

nep irad lisaH itile lebairav awhab nakujnunem ini na nawed nauhategnep naraggna gnatnet nad haread nagnauek nasawagnep padahret huragnepreb

bairav el isaredom utiay nakajibek isnarapsnart ,satilibatnuka nad kilbup huragnepreb takaraysam isapisitrap ratna nagnubuh padahret a nawed nauhategnep

aggna gnatnet nar nasawagnep nagned haread nagnauek )DBPA( .


vix

TCARTSBA

EHT ILBUP ,YTILIBATNUOCCA FO TCEFFE C NOITAPICITRAP DNAP FO YCNERAPSNART NO CILBU YCILOP NOITALER EHT OT

NO DRAOB EHT FO EGDELWONK NEEWTEB TEGDUB DNANOISIVREPUS LAICNANIF )DBPA( LANOIGER

ot ydutS esaC A sevitatneserpeR fo esuoH eht ytilapicinuM napapkilaB fo

gnoppagaP ailataN ikzeR 500411280 :MIN

amrahD atanaS ytisrevinU atrakaygoY

2102

ehT mia saw yduts siht fo tceffe eht enimaxe ot ’draob fo egdelwonk sDBPA( ecnanif lanoiger fo yrosivrepus eht no tegdub eht tuoba osla yduts sihT .)

ni ycnerapsnart dna noitapicitrap cilbup ,ytilibatnuocca rehtehw tset ot demia neewteb pihsnoitaler eht tceffa yam selbairav gnitaredom sa ycilop cilbup s’draob

onk tuoba egdelw )DBPA( lanoiger dna tegdub laicnanif .noisivrepus sihT saw yduts eht ni yduts esac a evitatneserper fo esuoh lanoiger

)DRPD( napapkilaB fo ytilapicinum iht nI . ew desu atad fo epyt eht ,yduts s er tnemurtsni hcraeser eht gnisu detcelloc atad yramirp fo ot nevig eriannoitseuq

rew yduts siht ni stnednopseR .stnednopser napapkilaB fo srebmem lla eytilapicinum mret rof sraey 9002 fo - rof tset ehT .4102 stnemurtsni hcraeser eht

desu ytidilav bailer dna T .stset ytili sisehtopyh eh desu gnitset noisserger elpmis noisserger elpitlum dna htiw etulosba ecnereffid eulav hcaorppa tceffe eht ees ot

aredom fo lacissalc eht retfa selbairav gnit .tset noitpmussa egdelwonk taht dewohs yduts siht fo stluser ehT eht fo tegdub tuoba draob

lanoiger tceffa noisivrepus laicnanif yleman selbairav gnitaredom dna ,ytilibatnuocca dna noitapicitrap cilbup ycnerapsnart ycilop cilbup fo eht tceffa

tegdub eht no draob eht fo egdelwonk eht neewteb pihsnoitaler lanoiger dnaif )DBPA( .noisivrepus laicnan


1

I BAB

NAULUHADNEP

.A halasaM gnakaleB rataL

nahabureP nahatniremep gnadib id kaynab aisenodnI id idajret gnay

awabmem kapmad gnay tapad gnay nakajibek kutneb alages ihuragnepmem

libmaid , kiab gnadnU nupuam hatniremep helo -u helo naklisahid gnay gnadn

naweD .)DRPD/RPD( hareaD taykaR nalikawreP naweD uata taykaR nalikawreP

p utas halaS nahabure idajret gnay gnay nakajibek haubes naklisahgnem

iulalem nakraulekid jaM helo awemitsI gnadiS taykaR natarawaysumreP sile

)RPM( utiay 8991/RPM/VX romoN RPM napatetek tnet gna P“ naaraggneleyne

;hareaD imonotO P ,narutagneP d naigabme eP na ayaD rebmuS nataafnam

s nalidaekreb gnay lanoisaN e d tasuP nagnaueK nagnabmireP atr hareaD na malad

”aisenodnI kilbupeR nautaseK arageN akgnareK . halet aguj tasup hatniremeP

gabreb naktibrenem a ureP narutarep i adn gn - gnadnU apureb kiab nagnadnU -

U .)PP( hatniremeP narutareP nupuam )UU( gnadn

mukuh nasadnal nakapurem tubesret 8991/RPM/VX romoN RPM PAT

aynnakraulrekid gnadnU - gnadnu isiverid gnarakes gnay 9991 nuhat 22 .oN

gnadnU idajnem - gnadnu 23 .oN nad hareaD hatniremeP gnatnet 4002 nuhaT

gnadnU -U idajnem isiverid gnarakes gnay 9991 nuhat 52 .oN gnadn gnadnU -

u 33 .oN gnadn 4002 nuhaT atna nagnaueK nagnabmireP gnatnet nad tasuP ar

.haread imonoto naanaskalep taukrepmem gnay ,hareaD U ayntibreT gnadn -

U nadn tubesret g gnadnU nagned adebreb tagnas kitamgidarap araces - .oN gnadnU


2

4791 nuhat 5 naadebrep naklipmanem nad - gnay naadebreP .rasadnem naadebrep

nalikawreP naweD nabijawek nad ,kah ,narep ,isgnuf niales rasadnem tagnas

rutkurts nad metsis nupuam ,taykaR ep haread nahatnirem , tukgnaynem aguj

k takgnarep nagnanewe hatniremeP hareaD nagnanewek tukgnaynem atres

.aynnaayaibmep nupuam hareaD hatniremeP

gnadnU )1( taya 41 lasap malaD - 9991 nuhat 22 .oN gnadnu naksalejid awhab

kutnebid hareaD taykaR nalikawreP naweD ( fitalsigel nadab iagabes )DRPD

nakududeK .haread fitukeske nadab iagabes haread hatniremep nad haread

sreb tubesret agabmel audek aratnaid .artim idajnem nad rajajes tafi uti aratnemeS

seb haread alapek aynah halada haread hatniremep nagned nakduskamid gnay atre

.aynnial haread takgnarep

gnadnU turuneM - nU ,14 lasaP 4002 nuhat 23 .oN gnad L agabmeL fitalsige

gnadnurep taubmem isgnuf( fitalsigel isgnuf )1( :utiay isgnuf iaynupmem -

isgnuf )3( nad )naraggna nusuynem kutnu isgnuf( naraggna isgnuf )2( ,)nagnadnu

gnep naka gnay isgnuF .)fitukeske ajrenik isawagnem kutnu isgnuf( nasawa

aitilenep malad sahabid nasawagnep isgnuf halada ini n nasawagnep anerak ,

kepsa utas halas nakapurem haread naraggna nad haread nagnauek naalolegnep

ah gnay haread nahatniremep irad taid sur itahreb araces ru - .itah narutareP

,231 lasap haread nagnauek naalolegnep gnatnet 5002 nuhat 85 .oN hatniremeP

narutarep naanaskalep padahret nasawagnep nakukalem DRPD nakataynem

A gnatnet haread naraggn P nad natapadne B ajnale D )DBPA( harea .

ukalreb nagneD n gnadnU ay -U O gnatnet gnadn eaD imonot reb gnay har natiak

nagned gnanewew ,sagut id fitka hibel naka DRPD nakparahid ,DRPD kah nad


3

pakgnanem malad isaripsa amasreb nad takaraysam id gnabmekreb gnay - amas

reb nakrihalem tapad haread hatniremep nagned utneb iagab kilbup nakajibek k

.haread id ukalreb naka gnay

,haread imonoto aynnakpatetid nagneD adapek nagnanewek nakirebid

ces haread hatniremep gnuggnatreb nad atayn ,saul ara .bawaj gnay nial kapmaD

haread imonoto akgnar malad lucnum naidumek halada s akgninem nikame aynt

hisreb nad kiab gnay nahatniremep naaraggneleynep padahret natutnut ( doog

ecnanrevog nad naelc tnemnrevog ) ned hatniremep nagnalak id nag

nad isapisitrap ,satilibatnuka naknapedegnem .isnarapsnart ,uti anerak helO narep

nawed atoggna lortnognep iagabes hatniremep naanaskajibek haread surah

.naktakgnitid nikames

nakanaskalem malaD aynnasawagnep isgnuf fitalsigel agabmel , nakparahid

ayad rebmus ikilimem aisunam gnatnet imahamem tapad raga iadamem gnay

p isgnuf malad nafitkefeek ayniapacret kutnu naraggna .nasawagne

takaraysam isapisitraP aguj iulalem tasup hatniremep helo nakirebid halet

tagnames irad naigab iagabes haread imonoto ecnanrevog doog isapisitraP .

malad id nakhutubid nad gnitnep tagnas takaraysam nanusuynep k ,DBPA anera

DBPA ajibek hara halada malad nakdujuwid gnay haread hatniremep nak

.haread nanugnabmep

nukA surah nakajibek naanaskalep atres ayad rebmus naalolegnep satilibat

araces nakpatetid halet gnay naujut iapacnem tapad raga kiab nagned nakparetid

narapsnart helo gnukudid nagned kidoirep akubret gnay hatniremep kahip irad is


4

rebmus naalolegnep nabawajgnuggnatrep ianegnem takaraysam adapek rujuj nad

.aynadapek nakayacrepid halet gnay ayad

nagneD ini taas haread imonoto nakajibek aynukalreb , k ajreni d malad nawe

nnasawagnep isgnuf naknalajnem ay susuhk naitahrep idajnem takaraysam igab

naayacrepek aynnakirebid halet anerak atoggna arap adapek nawed kutnu tapad

.takaraysam nakarethajesnem

.B halasaM nasumuR

aparebes iuhategnem kutnu gnakaleb ratal malad nasalejnep nakrasadreB

nep huragnep raseb rotkaf atres nawed nauhateg - itrepes nial rotkaf

isnarapsnart nad takaraysam isapisitrap ,satilibatnuka nakajibek akam ,kilbup

: tukireb iagabes halada ini naitilenep malad halasam nasumur

.1 nepreb naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep hakapA padahret hurag

p nasawagne ?)DBPA( haread nagnauek

.2 satilibatnuka hakapA aratna nagnubuh padahret huragnepreb nauhategnep

nawed gnatnet naraggna nagned haread nagnauek nasawagnep ?)DBPA(

.3 takaraysam isapisitrap hakapA nagnubuh padahret huragnepreb aratna

nauhategnep nawed gnatnet naraggna nagned nagnauek nasawagnep

haread ?)DBPA(

.4 kilbup isnarapnart hakapA nagnubuh padahret huragnepreb aratna

nawed nauhategnep gnatnet naraggna nagned nasawagnep nagnauek

haread ?)DBPA(


5

.C naitilenep naujuT

halasam nasumur nakrasadreB nakukalid ini naitilenep akam ,sataid

: naujut nagned

.1 M iuhategne huragnep naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep padahret

ep .)DBPA( haread nagnauek nasawagn

.2 M iuhategne huragnep satilibatnuka aratna nagnubuh padahret nauhategnep

naraggna gnatnet nawed d nagne )DBPA( haread nagnauek nasawagnep .

.3 M iuhategne huragnep takaraysam isapisitrap aratna nagnubuh padahret

naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep padahret nagnauek nasawagnep

)DBPA( haread .

.4 M iuhategne huragnep isnarapsnart nakajibek kilbup uh padahret nagnub

aratna naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep padahret nasawagnep

)DBPA( haread nagnauek .

.D naitileneP taafnaM

:tukireb iagabes halada ini naitilenep taafnaM

.1 napapkilaB atoK hatniremeP nad DRPD atoggna arap igaB

gnay ajrenik isaulave nahab iagabeS huajes iapmas rukugnem tapad

kgnit anam ta nawed atoggna helo nakukalid gnay nagnauek nasawagnep

iremep iapacnem anug hatn na ( kiab gnay ecnanrevoG dooG halas iagabes )

lah malad lamitpo gnay haread imonoto naiapacnep kutnu arac utas

abmekrep ek nasawagnep nagn .haread nagnau


6

.2 satisrevinU igaB amrahD atanaS

gnadib id isnerefer nahab habmanem tapad nakparahid ini naitileneP

anem kutnu nakanugid tapad gnay kilbup rotkes isnatnuka habm

nad awsisaham igab nauhategnep utas halas iagabes nakanugid tapad

alad namodep .ayntukireb naitilenep nagnabmegnep m

.3 siluneP igaB

natapmesek nakapurem ini naitileneP silunep igab nakparenem kutnu

iroet - nad hailuk ukgnab id adareb amales amiretid halet gnay iroet

.nagnapal ek gnusgnal nujret nagned nasawaw habmanem

.E eP akitametsiS nasilun

tukireb iagabes halada ini naitilenep malad nasilunep akitametsiS :

I baB nauluhadneP

lasam gnakaleb ratal gnatnet isireb ini baB rasad idajnem gnay ,ha

kutnu ut ,halasam nasumur ,naitilenep nakukalem ,naitilenep nauj

taafnam is atres ,naitilenep .nasilunep akitamets

II baB iroeT nasadnaL

uluhadret naitilenep ,iroet nasadnal naksalejnem ini baB atres

.sisetopih nagnabmegnep

III baB naitileneP edoteM

em nasalejnep nakirebmem ini baB tapmet ,naitilenep sinej ianegn

utkaw nad d keybus ,naitilenep ,naitilenep keybo na kinket


7

,lepmas nalibmagnep ,atad nalupmugnep kinket p naijugne satidilav

r nad satilibaile , p lebairav atad sisilana kinket nad naitilene .

B ba VI mumU narabmaG nalikawreP naweD nad atoK taykaR hareaD

atoK napapkilaB

isireb ini baB et gnatn atoK mumu narabmag gnay napapkilaB

itupilem ,napapkilaB atoK harajes ,isiM nad isiV naigabmeP

,nahatniremeP nad hayaliW ,hayaliw isnetoP nad isidnoK ,isgnuF

gnaneweW nad saguT DRPD napakgneleK talA nad ,DRPD .

V baB sisilanA d ataD nasahabmeP na

aB elorepid gnay atad sisilana sahabmem ini b naitilenep lisah irad h

gnay id nakukalid likawreP naweD taykaR na atoK hareaD

nagned ,napapkilaB edotem nakanuggnem anamiagabes kinket nad

malad nakiaruid .naitilenep edotem

V baB I putuneP

negnem isireb ini baB atabretek ,naitilenep nalupmisek ia nas

nad ,naitilenep igab taafnamreb tapad nakaparahid gnay naras

napapkilaB atoK hatniremeP ayntujnales itilenep igab nad .


8

II BAB

IROET NASADNAL

.A gnukudneP iroeT

.1 kilbuP rotkeS naraggnA pesnoK

nahelorep kutneb malad nataigek anacner halada kilbup naraggnA

. )2002 omsaidraM( retenom nautas malad ajnaleb nad natapadnep naraggnA

mem naka anerak gnitnep tagnas gnay naigab nakapurem malad narabmag nakireb

natapadnep halmuj ianegnem isamrofni nakirebmem tapad gnay utnetret edoirep

nad ajnaleb kutnu nakraulekid naka gnay anad halmuj atres amiretid naka gnay

igab isamitse nakirebmem naraggnA .hatniremep helo nakukalid gnay sativitka

gnep naka gnay asam adap isasinagro nataigek naanaskalep malad haread alole

apa ianegnem isamrofni nakirebmem nususid gnay naraggna paites anerak ,gnatad

.utnetret edoirep malad naujut iapacnem kutnu nakukalid surah gnay A naraggn

ta ayaib nakapurem nahatniremep nad kaynab apareb nad taubid gnay anacner sa

naraggna ,idaJ .anacner ianadnem kutnu gnau helorepmem aynarac anamiagab

utnetret edoirep utas malad nususid gnay lautpesnok akgnarek utaus nakapurem

.hatniremep irad naujut iapacnem kutnu nakpaisrepid gnay

aM( )2002 ,omsaidr P esor tapadret naraggna nanusuynep s rotkaf tapme

kadneh gnay tegrat nad naujut )1( :utiay amatu nasadnal idajnem gnay gnitnep

iapacnem kutnu nakhutubid gnay utkaw )3( ,ayad rebmus naaidesretek )2( ,iapacid

kaf )4( ,tegrat nad naujut t ro - otkaf .naraggna ihuragnepmem gnay nial r

timur pukuc gnay napahat nakapurem kilbup rotkes malad naraggna nanusuyneP


9

malad aggnihes sitilop kepsa gnudnagnem anerak aynnataubmep malad

nalikawreP naweD nad hatniremeP aratna nagnitnepek tapadret aynnanusuynep

taykaR haleb audek aratna kitilop sesorp iagabes nakirogetakid tapad aggnihes ,

nanusuynep malad ilakes adebreB .imonoke sesorp aynah nakub nad kahip

a atsaws naahasurep malad naraggn tapadret kadit aynnnanusuynep malad anamid

tsaws naahasurep igaB .sitilop natiak pututret haltagnas naraggna nanusuynep a

isnarapsnart kilbup rotkes malad nakgnades ,aisahar nakapurem nad kilbup igab

adapek nakisamrofnignem kutnu nakulrepid tagnas naraggna nanusuynep malad

.naras nakirebmem nad ,kitirkid kutnu kilbup

a nanusuynep pahaT nagnacnar haletes ialumid kilbup rotkes naraggn

inI .uluhad hibelret nakiaselesid halet hatniremep nakajibek igetarts nasumurep

nakisakolaid naka gnay anad halmuj naarikrep iuhategnem tapad kutnu naujutreb

araggnA .taubid halet gnay igetarts nagnacnar adap pahat nakapurem n

nanusuynep sesorP .nakpatetid halet gnay kigetarts nagnacnar lisah isatnemelpmi

gnay naraggna anerak nakutnenem tagnas gnay naigab nakapurem naraggna

naklagaggnem tapad lisah adap isatniroreb kadit nad fitkefe kadit araces nususid

gnacner .aynmulebes nususid halet gnay igetarts na

sawaid bijaw kilbup rotkes naraggna nanusuyneP pahat irad ialum i

naanacnerep askalep ,naraggna naann naropalep atres ay ayn isasinagro malaD .

akapurem naraggna ,kilbup rotkes sata satilibatnuka nemurtsni n naalolegnep anad

margorp naanaskalep nad kilbup - orp gnau nagned iayaibid gnay marg .kilbup

gabes nakatakid tapad kilbup rotkes naraggnA nagnauek gnay anacner utaus ia

na isamrofni taumem gnay ab apareb )1( :nial arat gnay nakulrepid gnay anad kayn


01

acret kutnu nakraulekid anacner ayniap - susid gnay anacner nu

atres )ajnaleb/naraulegnep( kutnu aynarac anamiagab nad kaynab apareb )2(

m nakulrepid gnay anad helorepme nususid gnay anacner ianadnem kutnu

.)natapadnep(

.a kilbuP rotkeS naraggnA isgnuF

ilbup rotkes naraggnA k b iaynupmem )1( iagabes utiay amatu isgnuf aparebe

rep tala nailadnegnep tala )2( ,naanacne nakajibek tala )3( , ,kitilop tala )4( ,laksif

)5( anidrook tala )8( ,isavitom tala )7( ,ajrenik naialinep tala )6( ,isakinumok nad is

02 ,omsaidraM( kilbup gnaur nakatpicnem tala )20

turuneM f )8002( esiraD hatniremep nagnukgnil id naraggna isgnu

aratna ,nagnauek naropalep nad isnatnuka malad gnitnep huragnep iaynupmem

anerak nial :

.1 naataynrep nakapurem naraggnA kilbup nakajibek

.2 k nakrabmaggnem gnay laksif tegrat nakapurem naraggnA nagnabmiese

.naknigniid gnay naayaibmep nad ,natapadnep ,ajnaleb aratna

.3 isneukesnok ikilimem gnay nailadnegnep nasadnal idajnem naraggnA

.mukuh

.4 hatniremep ajrenik naialinep nasadnal nakirebmem naraggnA

.5 ek naropal malad nakgnautid naraggna naanaskalep lisaH hatniremep nagnau

.kilbup adapek hatniremep nabawajgnuggnatrep naataynrep iagabes

malad nakukalid gnay pisnirp aparebeb ada )2002( omsaidraM turuneM

: tukireb iagabes halada kilbup rotkes naraggna nanusuynep


11

)1 ( naraggnA napaisreP pahaT noitaraperP tegduB )

pahat adaP raggna nanusuynep nad napaisrep nariskat nakukalid na

nagned tiakreT .aidesret gnay natapadnep nariskat rasad sata naraulegnep

nariskat iujuteynem mulebes halada nakitahrepid ulrep gnay ,tubesret halasam

lid uluhad hibelret aynkadneh ,naraulegnep araces natapadnep nariskanep nakuka

ayahabreb pukuc gnay halasam aynada iradasid surah ,uti nialeS .taruka hibel

nataubmep nagned naamasreb taas adap isamitseid natapadnep naraggna akij

.naraulegnep naraggna gnatnet nasutupek

nay ,isamitse nalaosrep malaD halada naitahrep tapadnem ulrep g

“ rotkaf aymapadret ”ytniatrecnu .iggnit pukuc gnay )naitsapkaditek takgnit( '

malad luteb imahamem surah kilbup nagnauek rejanam ,uti babes helO

naraggna atam utaus aynraseB .naraggna atam utaus aynraseb nakutnenem

t tagnas nakanugid gnay naraggna metsis nad kinket adap gnutnagre .

)2 ( naraggnA isakifitaR pahaT noitacifitaR tegduB )

pukuc gnay kitilop sesorp naktabilem gnay pahat nakapurem ini pahaT

.tareb pukuc nad timur aynah kadit tutnutid )haread alapek( fitukeske nanipmiP

mem ikili ”lliks laireganam" iaynupmem surah aguj numan ,lliks lacitilop

,pihsnamselas nad gnidliub noitilaoc napaisek nad satirgetnI .iadamem gnay

tnep tagnas fitukeske irad iggnit gnay latnem laH .ini pahat malad gni tubesret

ip ini pahat malad anerak gnitnep iaynupmem surah fitukeske nanipm

sata lanoisar gnay isatnemugra nakirebmem nad bawajnem kutnu naupmamek

naaynatrep alages - nahatnab nad naaynatrep - .fitalsigel kahip irad nahatnab


21

)3 ( naraggnA naanaskaleP pahaT noitatnemelpmI tegduB )

iujutesid naraggna haleteS halada ayntukireb pahat ,fiialsigel helo

nakitahrepid surah gnay gnitnepret lah ,ini pahat malaD .naraggna naanaskalep

isnatnuka )isamrofni( metsis aynikilimid halada kilbup nagnauek rejanam helo

p nagnauek rejanaM .nemejanam nailadnegnep metsis nad kilbu ini lah malad

gnuggnatreb nad iadamem gnay isnatnuka metsis nakatpicnem kutnu bawaj

dnah segnep nad naanacnerep kutnu la pesid halet gnay naraggna naha nad ,itaka

ladnaid tapad nakhab .ayntukireb edoirep naraggna nanusuynep pahat kutnu nak

gnay isnatnuka metsiS nailadnegnep gnukudnem aguj aynkadneh nakanugid

.naraggna

)4 naraggnA isaulavE nad naropaleP pahaT

.naraggna isaulave nad naropalep halada naraggna sulkis irad rihkaret pahaT

kepsa nagned tiakret naraggna isatnemelpmi nad ,isakifitar ,napaisrep pahaT

sarepo nagned tiakret isaulave nad naropalep pahat nakgnades ,naraggna lanoi

ibatnuka kepsa elpmi pahat adap alibapA .satil nagned gnukudid halet isatnem

adap akam ,kiab gnay nemejanam nailadnegnep metsis nad isnatnuka metsis

b naraggna isaulave nad naropalep pahat kaynab iumenem naka kadit aynasai

halasam .

.2 hareaD nagnaueK

651 lasap nasalejnep malad taumid anamiagabes haread nagnauek naitregneP

gnadnU 1 taya - halada hareaD hatniremeP gnatnet 4002 nuhaT 23 romoN gnadnu

: tukireb iagabes


31

aumes halada haread nagnaueK“ ialinid tapad gnay haread nabijawek nad kah

nakidajid tapad gnay gnarab nad gnau apureb utauses alages nad gnau nagned

”kah naanaskalep nagned nagnubuhreb gnay haread kilim

turunem DBPA .DBPA maladek aynhunepes nakgnautid haread nagnaueK

tniremeP narutareP nagnaueK naalolegneP gnatnet 5002 nuhaT 85 .oN IR ha

ayntujnales gnay hareaD ajnaleB nad natapadneP naraggnA utiay hareaD

gnay haread nahatniremep nanuhat nagnauek anacner halada DBPA takgnisid

,DRPD nad haread hatniremep helo amasreb ujutesid nad sahabid nakpatetid nad

.haread narutarep nagned

U sketnok malad DBPA naitregneP gnadn - gnadnu 1 lasap arageN nagnaueK

nawed helo iujutesid gnay haread nanuhat nagnauek anacner utaus halada )8( taya

likawrep pid gnay DBPA .haread taykar na re o nuhat paites nakisatnes hel

gnatnet takaraysam nad DRPD adapek icnir isamrofni irebmem ,fitukeske

margorp - satilauk naktakgninem kutnu hatniremep nakanacnerid gnay apa margorp

margorp anamiagab nad ,taykar napudihek - nareP .iayaibid tubesret margorp

DBPA nanusuynep taas adap admeP gnay DBPA nagnacnar nusuynem halada

naujutesrep tapadnem kutnu naweD adapek naklusuid naidumek .

.3 hareaD nagnaueK nasawagneP

naaskiremep ,nauatnamep nataigek naiakgnar utaus nakapurem nasawagneP

.kilbup nakajibek naanaskalep padahret isaulave nad nasawagneP kutnu nakukalid

nagned iauses nakukalid gnay nataigek nad margorp nakajibek aumes nimajnem

.ukalreb gnay naruta


41

gnadnU malaD - T 23 romoN gnadnu a “ awhab 4002 nuh iaynupmem DRPD

nad adreP naanaskalep padahret nasawagnep nakanaskalem gnanewew nad sagut

rutarep gnadnurep na - ,DBPA ,haread alapek narutarep ,aynnial nagnadnu

nad haread nanugnabmep margorp nakanaskalem malad hatniremep nakajibek

haread id lanoisanretni amasajrek ” . gnadnU nakrasadreB - tapad tubesret gnadnu

d nagnauek nasawagnep awhab nalupmisek libmaid DRPD helo nakukalid harea

.DBPA naanaskalep padahret nasawagnep adapek sukofreb gnay

padahret nasawagnep haread nagnauek naalolegnep sketnok malaD

gnatnet 5002 nuhaT 85 .oN hatniremeP narutareP adap naksalejid nagnauek

31 lasaP hareaD nagnaueK naalolegneP DRPD awhab nakataynem gnay 2

.DBPA gnatnet haread narutarep naanaskalep padahret nasawagnep nakukalem

haread nagnauek nasawagneP halada ini lah malad padahret nasawagnep

nakub ,nakajibek naanaskalep padahret nasawagnep utiay haread fitukeske

naaskiremep .)2002 ,omsaidraM( )7991( haysmalA turuneM malad ailatpesoR

gnitnep DRPD helo nakukalid gnay DBPA nasawagneP )6002( kutnu nakukalid

raneb nususid gnay naraggna raga agajnem )1( nakitsamem - raneb )2( ,naknalajid

na nagned iauses DBPA naanaskalep raga agajnem gnay naragg ,naksiragid halet

askalep lisah raga agajnem )3( nad an raneb DBPA na - tapad raneb

akbawajgnugnatrepid .n

.4 naraggnA gnatneT naweD nauhategneP

nauhategnep iagabes nakitraid tapad naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategneP

anusuynep emsinakem padahret nawed naanacnerep pahat irad ialum naraggna n


51

gnatnet nawed nauhategnep atres nabawajgnuggnatrep pahat adap iapmas

ep rutagnem gnay nagnadnurep narutarep .DBPA/haread nagnauek naalolegn

malaD .namalagnep nad nakididnep nagned aynnatiak tare nauhategneP

aknalajnem nalikawrep ukales nawed atoggna iagabes isgnuf nad sagut n

tagnas nawed atoggna naupmamek nad satisapak ,nemelrap id takaraysam

nakajibeK .satilaukreb gnay nakajibek haubes naklisahgnem kutnu nakulrepid

ihuragnepid tagnas nawed atoggna helo naklisahid gnay helo rasad nauhategnep

nakajibek naklisahgnem malad ikilimid gnay - .nakajibek

atanayroC malad onoduY upmam naka DRPD awhab nakatagnem )7002(

kah nakanuggnem - aynnabijawek nad sagut nakanaskalem ,tapet araces aynkah

aynnakududek atres fitkefe araces p araces atoggna paites akij lanoisopor

malad pukuc gnay nauhategnep iaynupmem naaraggneleynep sinket ispesnok lah

nial nad kilbup nakajibek ,hatniremep gnay nauhategnep aynutneT .ayniagabes

utiay haread nagnauek isawagnem malad nawed atoggna ajrek gnajnunem tapad

.naraggna nad nagnauek gnadib malad nauhategnep

helo ikilimid gnay nagnauek nad naraggna gnatnet nauhategnep rasad nagneD

atoggna ,nawed atoggna nawed kutnu hatniremep ajrenik isawagnem tapad

nagnauek ini lah malad nakajibek lortnognem )DBPA( haread kutnu tapad

nakajibek nalibmagnep ,nakgnewelesid gnay anad narila narocobek hagecnem

atres ,nakigurem gnay nagnauek aynidajet nanikgnumek idajret .anad nasorobmep

adaP iagabes utiay )DBPA( hareaD ajnaleB nad natapadneP naraggnA ayntakikah

hanama irad nadujuwrep nad hareaD hatniremeP adapek nakirebid gnay taykar


61

aynnanayalep satilauk nad takaraysam naarethajesek naktakgninem malad DRPD

.ayntakaraysam adapek

.5 satilibatnukA

satilibatnukA halada nakbawajgnuggnatrepmem ayad rebmus naalolegnep

ajibek naanaskalep atres malad naropalep satitne adapek nakayacrepid gnay nak

kidoirep araces nakpatetid halet gnay naujut iapacnem ,PAS ,KK( .)5002

kilbup satilibatnukA nakapurem hanama gnagemem gnay kahip nabijawek

nad ,nakropalem ,nakijaynem ,nabawajgnuggnatrep nakirebmem kutnu

aynbawajgnuggnat idajnem gnay nataigek nad sativitka alages nakpakgnugnem

newek nad kah ikilimem gnay hanama irebmep kahip adapek kutnu nagna

gnuggnatrep atnimem .)2002 ,omsaidraM( tubesret nabawaj

ibatnuka utiay ,macam aud sata iridret kilbup satilibatnukA nad lakitrev satil

sata nabawajgnuggnatrep halada lakitrev satilibatnukA .latnoziroh satilibatnuka

nabawajgnuggnatrep aynlasim ,iggnit hibel gnay satiroto adapek anad naalolegnep

tinu - haread hatniremep naidumek ,haread hatniremep adapek )sanid( ajrek tinu

latnoziroh satilibatnukA .RPM adapek tasup hatniremep ,tasup hatniremep adapek

.)12 :8002 oyojiwoyneR ( saul takaraysam adapek nabawajgnuggnatrep halada

nad nataigek paites awhab nakutnenem gnay saza halada satilibatnuka sazA

ynep nataigek irad rihka lisah tapad surah aragen naaraggnele

abes taykar adapek nakbawajgnuggnatrepid .iggnitret nataluadek gnagemep iag

( raul irad nailadnegnep aynada adapek rebmusreb satilibatnukA lortnoc lanretxe )

)9002 ,inayadnaH( sarek ajrekeb kutnu tarapa gnorodnem gnay


71

atniremeP gnay nah elbatnuocca inayadnaH malad )3002( inotsiluS turunem

iric ikilimem )9002( - ireb iagabes iric isamrofni nakijaynem upmaM )1( :tuk

,takaraysam adapek tapet nad ,tapec ,akubret araces hatniremep naaraggneleynep

umem gnay nanayalep nakirebmem upmaM )2( upmaM )3( ,kilbup igab naksa

nad nanugnabmep sesorp malad tabilret kutnu takaraysam igab gnaur nakirebmem

paites nakbawajgnuggnatrepmem nad naksalejnem upmaM )4( ,nahatniremep

bup nakajibek kutnu kilbup igab anaras aynadA )5( nad ,lanoisroporp araces kil

m takaraysam ,kilbup nabawajgnuggnatrep iulaleM .hatniremep ajrenik ialine

.hatniremep nataigek nad margorp naanaskalep naiapacnep tajared ialinem tapad

nakajibek ukaleP gnuggnatreb surah kilbup idajnem gnay apa padahret bawaj

y nagnanewek nad ukalirep ,pakis nakbabesid ini laH .aynadapek nakirebid gna

anerak helO .aragen iggnitret nataluadek gnagemep nakapurem taykar anerak

nakapurem satilibatnuka haluti s kutnu gnitnepret gnay rusnu utas hala

kiab nad hisreb gnay nahatniremep metsis utaus nakdujuwem evoG dooG( )ecnanr .

.6 takaraysaM isapisitraP

paites malad takaraysam natabilretek halada isapisitraP )3002( anirK turuneM

adap haread hatniremep nakukalid gnay nagnauek naalolegnep sesorp sativitka

satiroirp nad igetarts nautnenep ,nakajibek nad hara nanusuynep taas atres

naraggna isakovda . natabilretek halada isapisitraP )9002( omsidraM turuneM

kadit nupuam gnusgnal araces kiab nasutupek taubmem malad takaraysam

.aynisaripsa nakrulaynem tapad gnay nalikawrep agabmel iulalem gnusgnal


81

sata nugnabid tubesret isapisitraP atres aracibreb nad isaisosareb nasabebek rasad

fitkurtsnok araces isapisitrapreb

natabilretek malad nakadnit utaus halada isapisitrap naitregnep mumu araceS

nidduniaZ( nasutupek nalibmagnep sesorp malad id huragnep igabreb nad la te ,.

latpesoR malad 2002 .)6002 ai kilbup adapek satilibatnuka aynatpicret imeD

nanusuynep malad takaraysam agraw nad isnatsni alapek isapisitrap nakulrepid

.)7002 ,atanayroC malad 6991 ,nibuR( naraggna nasawagnep nad

eP gnatneT 6002 nuhaT 62 romoN iretneM narutareP nagned iauseS namod

naraggna nanusuynep pisnirp ,hareaD ajnaleB natapadneP naraggnA nanusuyneP

tapad takaraysam aggnihes ,takaraysam naktabilem surah aynrasad adap

.DBPA naanaskalep malad aynnabijawek nad kah naka iuhategnem

3002( anirK turuneM alada isapisitrap naujut ) raga takaraysam irad natutnut h

kutnu nakatrestukiid nad ,natapmesek nakirebid ,nakayadrebid surah akerem

sesorp malad narepreb - naanaskalep naanacnerep pahat irad ialum isarkorib sesorp

kilbup nakajibek uata nasawagnep nad . akdujuwid takaraysam isapisitraP malad n

likaw iulalem nial aratna kutneb macam iagabreb - nawed ada gnay taykar likaw

likaw iulaleM .)DRPD( - adapek nakiapmasid takaraysam isaripsa taykar likaw

haread hatniremep .

.7 isnarapsnarT nakajibeK kilbuP

isnarapsnarT halada gnauek isamrofni nakirebmem rujuj nad akubret gnay na

kah ikilimem takaraysam awhab nagnabmitrep nakrasadreb takaraysam adapek

nabawajgnuggnatrep sata huruleynem nad akubret araces iuhategnem kutnu


91

nad aynadapek nakayacrepid gnay ayad rebmus naalolegnep malad hatniremep

p aynnataatek gnadnurep narutarep ada - nagnadnu .)5002,PAS ,KK( turuneM

taubmem malad hatniremep naakubretek halada isnarapsnart ,)2002( omsaidraM

nakajibek - helo isawaid nad iuhatekid tapad aggnihes haread nagnauek nakajibek

.takaraysam nad DRPD

ragenreb napudihek malaD anaskalep nad sumurep ukales hatniremep ,a

DBPA gnacnarem gnay haread hatniremep nupuam NBPA nakajibek

ad akubret kutnu nabijawekreb gnugnatreb n naanaskalep lisah padahret bawaj

ugnabmep gnuggnat kutneb utas halaS .nan nagned utiay nakukalid gnay bawaj

deynem uata kilbup adapek narapsnart araces haread nagnauek isamrofni nakai

.takaraysam

snarT ac utas halas nakapurem isnarap nakdujuwem kutnu ar

gnuggnatrep akaraysam adapek hatniremep nabawaj t. iulaleM isnarapsnart

akirebid takaraysam ,nahatniremep naaraggneleynep sek n kutnu natapme

apa iuhategnem nakajibek aynaratnaid kusamret ,nahatniremep malad idajret gnay

nakajibek isatnemelpmi atres hatniremep helo libmaid halet uata naka gnay

.tubesret atres tasep naikimed gnay isamrofni igolonhket naujamek nagneD

mep isnetop ubesret lah ,saul araces aynnataafna iagabreb igab gnaulep akubmem t

tapec araces isamrofni nakanugayadnem nad alolegnem ,seskagnem kutnu kahip

,hisreb gnay nahatniremep ayndujuwret gnorodnem hibel kutnu taruka nad

utnut bawajnem upmam atres nad ,narapsnart fitkefe araces nahaburep nat . aynadA

kilbup nasuru naaraggneleynep malad naakubretek nakhadumem naka

nasawagnep .nahatniremep aynnalaj padahret


02

.B uluhadreT naitileneP lisaH

naitilenep ,sakgnir araceS - ianegnem nakukalid hanrep gnay naitilenep rotkaf -

ay rotkaf helo nakukalid gnay nagnauek nasawagnep ihuragnepmem gn nawed atoggna

tapad ini tukireb lebat malad tahilid :

lebaT 1. uluhadreT naitileneP amaNitileneP

kejbOnaitileneP

lebairaV naitileneP

naitileneP lisaH

hanapoSnad

iduyhaW)3002(

nasawagneP nagnaueK

D harea

satilibatnukA ,kilbup ,isnarapsnart

isapisitrap ,takaraysam nauhategnep nad naraggna

nasawagnep nagnauek

nawed nauhategneP gnatnetnaraggna huragnepreb s nakifingipadahret nasawagnep nagnauek

,haread nad satilibatnuka isapisitrap takaraysam ragnepreb hu padahret nakifingis

nasawagnep nagnauek nakgnades isnarapsnart kilbup nakajibek

huragnepreb kadit nakifingispadahret

nasawagnep amiR

ailatpesoR)6002(

nasawagneP nagnaueK

hareaD

,nawed nauhategneP isapisitrap

,takaraysam isnarapsnart

kilbup nakajibek , nasawagnep

haread nagnauek

nawed atoggna nauhategneP ikilimem naraggnA gnatnet

ay huragnep nad fitisop tafisreb gnhret nakifingis nasawagneP pada

,hareaD nagnaueK gnatnet nawed nauhategnep isapisitrap nagned naraggna

araces huragnepreb takaraysam fitisop nasawagnep padahret

,haread nagnauek nauhategnep nagned naraggna gnatnet nawed

kilbup nakajibek isnarapsnart padahret fitisop araces huragnepreb

.haread nagnauek nasawagnep amsI

atanayroC)7002(

nasawagneP nagnaueK

hareaD

,satilibatnukAisapisitraP

raysam ,taka isnarapsnart

nakajibek ,kilbup nauhategnep ,nawed nasawagnep

nagnauek

nawed nauhategneP huragneprebfitisop padahret nasawagnep

,satilibatnuka .haread nagnauek isapisitrap ,takaraysam isnarapsnar kilbup nakjibek

padahret nakifingis huragnepreb wagnep nasa

.nagnauek


12

)natujnaL( uluhadreT naitileneP .1 lebaT amaNitileneP

kejbOnaitileneP

lebairaV naitileneP

naitileneP lisaH

,nomireW ,ilazohG

rizaN)5002(

nasawagneP nagnaueK

hareaD

isapisitraP ,takaraysam isnarapsnart

,kilbup nakajibek nauhategnep

wed ,na nasawagnep

nagnauek

naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnePpadahret nakifingis huragnepreb

,haread nagnauek nasawagnep naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep

isapisitrap nagned fitagen huragnepreb takaraysam nasawagnep padahret nakifingis

gnep ,haread nagnauek nauhatenaraggna gnatnet nawed

kilbup nakajibek isnarapsnart nagnednakifingis fitisop huragnepreb kadit

nagnauek nasawagnep padahret.haread

atimarP nad

inayirdnI)0102(

nasawagneP nagnaueK

hareaD

nauhategnep gnatnet nawed

,naraggna nemtimok ,isasinagro

,satilibatnuka isapisitrap

,takaraysam isnarapsnart

,kilbup nakajibek nasawagnep adap nawed

haread nagnauek.)DBPA(

nawed nauhategnep huragneP padahret naraggna gnatnet

nagnauek adap nawed nasawagnep nakkujnunem )DBPA( hareadkifingis fitisop gnay nagnubuh .na

gnatnet nawed nauhategnep nemtimok nagned naraggna

fitisop huragnepreb isasinagro nasawagnep padahret nakifingis

haread nagnauek adap nawed nawed nauhategnep ,)DBPA(

nagned naraggna gnatnet fitisop huragnepreb satilibatnuka

sawagnep padahret nakifingis na haread nagnauek adap nawed nawed nauhategnep ,)DBPA(

isapisitrap nagned naraggna gnatnet fitisop huragnepreb takaraysam nasawagnep padahret nakifingis

haread nagnauek adap nawed nawed nauhategnep ,)DBPA(

nagned naraggna gnatnetup nakajibek isnarapsnart kadit kilb

nakifingis fitisop huragnepreb adap nawed nasawagnep padahret

.)DBPA( haread nagnauek


22

.C naitileneP sisetopiH nasumureP

.1 huragneP nasawagneP padahreT naraggnA gnatneT naweD nauhategneP

hareaD nagnaueK

ab ,naktubeynem )9991( omopuS nad orotnairdnI adap nauhategnep awh

rikipreb nad ,asarem ,ragnednem ,tahilem sesorp irad lisah nakapurem aynrasad

sunam rasad idajnem gnay kadnitreb nad pakisreb malad ai tare nauhategneP .

ihuragnepmem aynagiteK .namalagnep nad nakididnep nagned aynnatiak

malad gnaroeses utaus nakukalem nauhategnep nad namalagneP .nakadnit

utnabmem tagnas naka iggnit gnay nalaosrep nakhacemem malad gnaroeses

nagned iauses aynipadahid gnay s DRPD atoggna nakududek likaw iagabe

0691 ,namurT( taykar 5002 nomireW malad .)

wagnep isgnuf nataugneP narep isasilamitpo iulalem nakukalid tapad nasa

isapisitrap nad haread fitukeske igab gnabmieynep nataukek iagabes DRPD

nad MSL iulalem gnusgnal kadit nupuam gnusgnal araces takaraysam

)2002 ,omsaidraM( haread id natakaraysamek laisos isasinagro

p aparebeB nawed atoggna satilauk aratna nagnubuh ijugnem gnay naitilene

.)2002 ,otomatuS ,1002 ,idardnI( helo nakukalid aynaratnaid aynajrenik nagned

nagned rukuid gnay nawed satilauk awhab nakitkubmem aynnaitilenep lisaH

aek nad ,namalagnep ,nauhategnep ,nakididnep padahret huragnepreb nailh

isgnuf nakukalem taas adap ajrenik halada aynutas halas gnay nawed ajrenik

kutnu nauhategnep nagned natiakreb nahitalep nad nakididneP .nasawagnep

.gnatad naka gnay asam


32

nakanuggnem upmam naka DRPD awhab nakataynem )2002( onoduY kah -

atres fitkefe araces aynnabijawek nad sagut nakanaskalem ,tapet araces aynkah

atoggna paites akij lanoisroporp araces aynnakududek naktapmenem

sinket ispesnok lah malad pukuc gnay nauhategnep iaynupmem

nad kilbup nakajibek ,nahatniremep naaraggneleynep nauhategneP .ayniagabes

halas haread nagnauek nasawagnep nakukalem malad nakhutubid naka gnay

.naraggna gnatnet nauhategnep halada aynutas nagneD nauhategnep ikilimem

gnatnet tapad nawed atoggna nakparahid naraggna isgnuf naknalajnem

nagned aynnasawagnep .kiab

B murid tapad ,sataid nasalejnep nakrasadre tukireb iagabes sisetopih naksu :

H1 huragnepreb naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategneP : nasawagnep padahret

.)DBPA( hareaD nagnauek

.2 huragneP padahreT satilibatnukA aratna nagnubuH auhategneP naweD n

raggnA gnatneT na nagned hareaD nagnaueK nasawagneP

atoggna anamid ini isamrofer are id naraggna amgidarap nahaburep aynadA

.hatniremep helo nakukalid gnay nakajibek paites malad huragnepreb nawed

nawed atoggnA kahip iagabes rep fitalsigel imahamem nad itregnem ul

amodep n rudesorp nad tapad raga hatniremep isnatsni satilibatnuka

naropal aggnih nanusuynep napahat isawagnem malad aynisgnuf naknalajnem

.haread nagnauek nabawajgnugnatrep radnats nakparenem malad nalagageK

obmep naktabikagnem satilibatnuka rudesorp lanoisarepo ,utkaw nasor

rebmus nad anad rebmus nasorobmep - nagnapmiynep ,nial gnay ayad rebmus


42

agabmel adapek takaraysam naayacrepek aynnurunem nad nagnanewek

inayirdnA nad atimarP( nahatniremep , )0102 .

)6002( adnaN )9002( inayadnaH malad lbup satilibatnuka nakataynem ki

id gnay nasawagnep akij iapacret naka takaraysam nad nawed helo nakukal

naka iggnit gnay kilbup satilibatnuka aggniheS .fitkefe araces nalajreb

helo nakukalid gnay nasawagnep isgnuf taukrepmem .nawed

etopih naksumurid tapad sataid nasalejnep nakrasadreB :tukireb iagabes sis

H2 : satilibatnukA aratna nagnubuh padahret huragnepreb ep nauhategn nawed

naraggna gnatnet nagned .)DBPA( haread nagnauek nasawagnep

.3 takaraysaM isapisitraP huragneP padahreT aratna nagnubuH auhategneP n

nagned naraggnA gnatneT naweD neP hareaD nagnaueK nasawag

aynada tutnunem isamrofer are id naraggna amgidarp nahaburep aynadA

sulkis nahurulesek malad )kilbup( takaraysam isapisitrap kutnU .naraggna

nem atnuka nakatpic nad isnatsni isapisitrap nakulrepid kilbup adapek satilib

akaraysam agraw .)6991 ,nibuR( naraggna nasawagnep nad nanusuynep malad t

malad )2002( idamhcA nomireW isapisitrap awhab naktubeynem )7002(

anerak haread imonoto naanaskalep irad seskus icnuk nakapurem takaraysam

isaripsa nad nasawagnep kepsa tukgnaynem isapisitrap malad , fitka nikames

nahatniremep naaraggneleynep sesorp malad takaraysam us nikames itareb sesk

haread imonoto naanaskalep P . padahret nasawagnep ini lah malad nasawagne

takaraysam natabilretek aguj uti nialeS .fitalsigel kahip iulalem fitukeske kahip

ynep malad gnay isamrofni narakutrep aidem idajnem tapad naraggna nanusu

.fitkefe isasilamitpo iulalem nakukalid tapad nasawagnep isgnuf nataugneP


52

nad haread fitukeske igab gnabmieynep nataukek iagabes DRPD narep

al kadit nupuam gnusgnal araces takaraysam isapisitrap MSL iulalem gnusgn

.)2002 ,omsaidraM( haread id natakaraysamek laisos isasinagro nad nagneD

tapad naka nakparahid takaraysam isapisirap uata natabilretek ,naikimed

padahret naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep huragnep naktakgninem

haread nagnauek nasawagnep .

:tukireb iagabes sisetopih naksumurid tapad sataid nasalejnep nakrasadreB

H3 : takaraysam isapisitraP aratna nagnubuh padahret huragnepreb

ep nauhategn nawed nagned naraggna gnatnet nagnauek nasawagnep

.)DBPA( haread

.4 huragneP kilbuP nakajibeK isnarapsnarT padahreT aratna nagnubuH

auhategneP nagned naraggnA gnatneT naweD n hareaD nagnaueK nasawagneP

nakulrepid aguj naraggna padahret isnarapsnart ,naraggna sulkis malaD

pisnirp utas halas nakapurem isnarapsnarT .nasawagnep naktakgninem kutnu

irad nanrevog doog ec isamrofni sura rasad sata nugnabid gnay isnarapsnarT .

agabmel ,nahatniremep sesorp hurules ,sabeb gnay - isamrofni nad agabmel

kahip helo seskaid tapad ulrep - helorepmem malad nagnitnepekreb gnay kahip

a iadamem surah aidesret gnay isamrofni nad ,isamrofni itregnemid tapad rag

.uatnapid nad

2002( omsaidraM ) awhab naktubeyem kahip helo nususid gnay naraggna

narapsnart nakatakid fitukeske : tukireb iagabes airetirk ihunemem akij

.naraggna nakajibek namumugnep tapadreT .1

.naraggna nemukod aidesreT .2


62

sreT .3 e gnuggnatrep naropal aid .utkaw tapet gnay nabawaj

.taykar nalusu/araus aynisadomokareT .4

.kilbup adapek isamrofni nairebmep metsis tapadreT .5

lah malad nakukalid gnay kilbup nakajibek narapsnart nikames aynismusA

lid gnay nasawagnep akam DBPA ianegnem ini nawed atoggna helo nakuka

isawagnem malad tabilret aguj takaraysam anerak takgninem nikames naka

.tuberet kilbup nakajibek

:tukireb iagabes sisetopih naksumurid tapad sataid nasalejnep nakrasadreB

H4 : isnarapsnarT k nakajibe kilbup huragnepreb h padahret aratna nagnubu

ep nauhategn nawed nagned naraggna gnatnet haread nagnauek nasawagnep

.)DBPA(

rikiP akgnareK naitileneP

ludujreb gnay naitilenep ledom akam sataid rutaretil haalet nakrasadreB

huragneP ,satilibatnukA narT nad takaraysaM isapisitraP s isarap nakajibeK kilbuP

padahret nagnubuH awagneP nagned naraggna gnatnet naweD nauhategnep aratna as n

haread nagnaueK tukireb iagabes nakrabmagid tapad :

naweD nauhategnePnaraggnA gnatnet )1X(

nagnaueK nasawagnePhareaD )Y(

satilibatnukA )2X( takaraysaM isapisitraP )3X( nakajibek isnarapsnarT cilbup )4X(

)4X(

lebairaV I nednepedn lebairaV D nednepe

lebairaV gnitaredoM


72

hatniremep adapek nagnanewek nakirebid ,haread imonoto aynnakpatetid nagneD

n ,saul araces haread .bawajgnuggnatreb nad atay laH - malad rasadnem gnay lah

gnadnu - gnorodnem kutnu ayapu ayntauk halada haread imonoto gnadnu

narep natakgninep ,sativitaerk nad asrakarp nagnabmegnep ,takaraysam naayadrebmep

PD isgnuf nad narep nagnabmegnep nad takaraysam atres .)2002 ,omsaidraM( DR

halada haread imonoto akgnar malad lucnum naidumek gnay nial kapmaD

kiab gnay nahatniremep naaraggneleynep padahret natutnut ayntakgninem nikames

hisreb nad ecnanrevog doog( nad naelc tnemnrevog ) hatniremep nagnalak id turuneM .

nushaM irasadnem gnay amatu pisnirp agit tapadret ,)7002( kkd naparenep doog

ecnanrevog .satilibatnuka nad isnarapsnart ,isapisitrap halada

ijugnem nigni ini naitilenep ,uti kutnU ed hakapa nagn nauhategnep ikilimem

,naraggna gnatnet tapad nawed atoggna knalajnem nagned aynnasawagnep isgnuf na

naparenep irasadnem gnay amatu pisnirp agitek aynada nagned atreS .kiab doog

ecnanrevog uata taukrepmem tapad satilibatnuka nad isnarapsnart ,isapisitrap utiay

naktakgninem nawed atoggna helo nakukalid gnay nasawagnep t kutnu ayniapacre

.haread imonoto malad nalisahrebek


82

III BAB

NAITILENEP EDOTEM

.A naitileneP sineJ

padahret naitilenep utiay ,susak iduts halada nakukalid gnay naitilenep sineJ

.utnetret utkaw adap utnetret atad libmagnem nagned utnetret keybo utaus

nay keybo igab ukalreb aynah naitilenep lisah irad nalupmiseK nad itiletid g malad

.utnetret utkaw

.B tapmeT naitileneP utkaW nad

.1 naitileneP isakoL

utiay nahatniremep isnatsni id nakukalid ini naitileneP gnudeG naweD

.napapkilaB atoK )DRPD( hareaD taykaR nalikawreP

.2 naitileneP utkaW

alub adap nakanaskalid ini naitileneP .2102 iraunaJ n

.C naitileneP keybO nad keybuS

.1 naitilenep keybuS

halada naitilenep keybuS takelem naitilenep lebairav anamid tapmet

.naitilenep nagned nagnubuhreb gnay isamrofni irebmep iagabes malaD

likawreP naweD halada aynnaitilenep keybus ,ini naitilenep taykaR na

.napapkilaB atoK hareaD


92

.2 naitilenep keybO

itiletid naka gnay utauses halada naitilenep keybO naktapadnem nagned

kutnu atad aynnaitilenep keybo ,ini naitilenep malaD .utnetret naujut

atoggna hurules halada halmujreb gnay napapkilaB atoK DRPD 54 ro ,gna

gnadnU malad id anerak - lasap 4002 nuhaT 23.oN hareaD imonotO gnadnu

nad naraggnA aitinaP ,harawaysuM aitinaP ,isimoK ,nanipmiP 1 taya 64

isgnuf nakanaskalem kutnu isgnufreb gnay natamroheK nadaB

et lepmas aynhilipid nasalA .naraggnagneP nad nasawagnep anerak tubesr

,nasahabmep sesorp malad gnusgnal tabilret DRPD atoggna hurules

.naraggna padahret nasawagnep nad nahasegnep

.D lepmaS nalibmagneP kinkeT

lepmas nalibmagnep kinket nakanuggnem silunep ,ini naitilenep malaD

nahilimep uata satilibaborp non araces utiay modnarnon .gnilpmas ecneinevnoc

gnilpmas ecneinevnoC nalibmagnep utiay )namayn araces lepmas nalibmagnep (

tesirep kadnehekes sabeb hilimem nagned nakukalid gnay lepmas ,otnayigoJ(

)97 :4002 .

.E ataD nalupmugneP kinkeT

d remirp atad nalupmugnep kinkeT arac nagned nakukalid nednopser ira

utaus irad )remirp atad( kokop atad naklupmugnem arac nagned utiay ,yevrus

nakirebmem arac nagned renoiseuk nemurtsni nakanuggnem nagned lepmas

enoiseuk narabeynep lanoisarepO .nednopser adapek silutret naaynatrep ratfad ini r


03

ek gnusgnal araces renoiseuk nakigabmem nad ignatadnem arac nagned nakukalid

nednopser adapek gnusgnal araces nakisubirtsidid ini renoiseuK .tiakret isnatsni

.napapkilaB atoK DRPD nawed atoggna utiay )renoiseuk( naaynatrep ratfaD

ini naitilenep malad adap ucagnem naitilenep nad )3002( hanapoS amsI ayroC an at

)7002( .

nednopser helo bawajid surah gnay naigab aud irad iridret renoiseuk paiteS

amatrep naigaB .naigab paites malad tapadret gnay hatnirep itukignem nagned

ned nagnubuhreb gnay naaynatrep isireb gnay nednopser ifargomed atad nag

naaynatrep halada audek naigaB .aisu nad nakididnep ,nimalek sinej itupilem

,satilibatnuka ,naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep nagned nagnubuhreb gnay

isnarapsnart ,takaraysam isapisitrap kilbup nakajibek ek nasawagnep nad nagnau

.haread

ataD - gnay fitpirksed nabawaj uti babes helo ,ijuid surah ini naitilenep atad

nagned uluhad hibelret nakisakifirevid ulrep nednopser helo tapadid

nakanuggnem trekiL alakS nakutnenem kutnu arac utas halas halada trekiL alakS .

ebmem nagned roks las hilimem nad nednopser adapek naaynatrep nakir utas ha

alakS .ada gnay nabawaj trekiL naaynatrep bawajnem kutnu nakanugid ini -

,naraggna gnatnet nauhategnep nagned nagnubuhreb gnay naaynatrep

isnarapsnart ,takaraysam isapisitrap ,satlibatnuka up nakajibek kilb nad

wagnep a malad nakanugid gnay lavretnI .haread nagnauek nas trekiL alakS malad

: halada ini naitilenep

1 roks irebid ujutes kadit tagnas nabawaJ .1

2 roks irebid ujutes kadit nabawaJ .2


13

at kadit nabawaJ .3 h 3 roks irebid u

rebid ujutes nabawaJ .4 4 roks i

5 roks irebid ujutes tagnas nabawaJ .5 .

.F naitileneP lebairaV

nednepedni lebairav utas irad iridret ini naitilenep malad ada gnay lebairaV

utiay isaredom lebairav agit ,naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep utiay

karaysam isapisitrap ,satilibatnuka isnarapsnart nad ta nakajibek utas atres kilbup

.haread nagnauek nasawagnep utiay nedneped lebairav gnitaredom lebairaV

halada lebairav nednepedni gnay naka taukrepmem uata nagnubuh hamelrepmem

padahret aynnial nednepedni lebairav aratna nedneped lebairav :6002 ,ilazohG(

61 3 .)

.1 naraggnA nauhategneP

atoggna helo ikilimid gnay naupmamek halada naraggna nauhategneP

uata nasorobmep isketednem tapad kutnu rasad iagabes nakidajid gnay nawed

.aynnaanaskalep malad naraggna irad nalagagek

rotakidnI - ay rotkadni lebairav rukugnem kutnu nakanugid gn

: utiay naraggna nauhategnep

.a tegneP DBPA nanusuynep ianegnem nauha

.b nauhategneP naanaskalep padahret DBPA

.c idajret isketednem kutnu nauhategneP naanaskalep malad narocobek ayn

naraggna


23

.d nauhategneP asawagnep nakukalem kutnu aynidajret hagecnem anug n

.DBPA naanaskalep malad nalagagek uata nasorobmep

.2 satilibatnukA

kutnebid hatniremep isnatsni paiteS nagned nad sagut nabmegnem

u tadnam uata nagnanewek nakirebid nagned utnetret bawaj gnuggnat kutn

.aynsagut nakanaskalem em kutnU mumu takaraysam irad tadnam nakanaskal

,iadamem ,kiab gnay satilibatnukA .kiab gnay satilibatnuka aynada ulrep ini

.hatniremep adapek takaraysam natutnut idajnem hadus ,rutaret nad ,bitret

tnabmem nakparahid aguj hatniremep isnatsni paites ,uti anerak helO u

nakbawajgnuggnatrepmem tapad kutnu hatniremep iggnitret nanipmip

k uata tadnam /takaraysam adapek aynnagnanewe agabmel iulalem kilbup

nad nakbawajgnuggnatrepmem surah hatniremep isnatsnI .nalikawrep

gnay ajrenik takgnit nalagagek/nalisahrebek naksalejnem naropaL .ayniapacid

amatu aidem nakapurem )PIKAL( hatniremeP isnatsnI ajreniK satilibatnukA

hatniremep isnatsni ajrenik nakgnaunem gnay )1102 ,omotU( naropaleP .

nuhat utaus malad isasinagro ajrenik naiapac nakisakinumokgnem ini ajrenik

tiakid gnay naraggna narasas nad naujut naiapacnep sesorp nagned nak

.hatniremep isnatsni gnay nasawagnep akij iapacret naka kilbup satilibatnukA

fitkefe araces nalajreb takaraysam nad nawed helo nakukalid

rotakidnI - dni aki lebairav rukugnem kutnu nakanugid gnay rot kutnu

kugnem :utiay satilibatnuka ru

.a rasad nakapurem DBPA )UKA( mumU nakajibeK harA nad adartsneR

DBPA nanusuynep malad


33

.b halasam nabawajgnuggnatrep naropalep nakapurem satilibatnukA

raneb gnay taafnam nad ,lisah ,nagnauek - akaraysam nakasarid raneb nad t

araces nakijasid takaraysm adapek tapet nad tapec .

.c iuhategnem ulrep nawed atoggnA rudesorp lanoisarepo radnats

gnay PIKAL nanusuynep satilibatnuka .haread hatniremep nususid

.d DBPA isaulavegnem kutnu nakanugid ajrenik rotakidnI

.e sawa id DBPA nabawajgnuggnatrep nad naanaskaleP eunitnok araces i

.f ulal asam asam isamrofni nakatreynem surah DBPA naijayneP

)aynmulebes(

.g gnidnabrepmem DBPA isaulavegnem malaD nagned naraggna nak

.aynisasilaer

.3 takaraysaM isapisitraP

naktabilem gnay nataigek utaus nakapurem takaraysam isapisitraP

akaraysam gnay naraggna nanusuynep sesorp sativitka paites malad t

taas adap ialum fitukeske kahip atreseb nawed atoggna helo nakukalid

nakajibek irad hara igetarts nautnenep atres nakajibek ,naraggna nanusuynep

.naknalajid naka gnay

rotakidnI - akanugid gnay rotkadni isapisitraP lebairav rukugnem kutnu n

:tukireb iagabes halada ini takaraysaM

.a naktabilem ulales DBPA mumu nakajibek nad hara nanusuynep malaD

takaraysam

.b kitirk nad nalusu nakgnabmitrepmem ulales DBPA anacner nad satiroirP

takaraysam


43

.c b ini amales takaraysaM naraggna isakovda malad fitka isapisitrapre

.d P DBPA nusuynem akgnar malad rasad idajnem kilbup isapisitra

.e haread hatniremep nad nawed aratna isamrifnok nad isatlusnok malaD

.takaraysam naktabilem ulales ,DBPA nagnacnar nagned natiakreb

.f ini amales takaraysaM gnatnet kilbup isatlusnok malad naktabilid ulales

DBPA naanaskalep

.g malad nakusam nakidajid ulales takaraysam naras nad kitirK kalem naku

DBPA isiver

.h nahaburep idajret akij ,takaraysam adapek isasilaisos naanaskaleP

DBPA nagned natiakreb gnay nakajibek

.i D awe sigrenis gnay isakinumok idajret takaraysam nagned n

.4 isnarapsnarT nakajibeK kilbuP

gnay naraggna gnatnet naakubretek halada kilbup nakajibek isnarapsnarT

gnay nakadnit nakapurem kilbup nakajibeK .takaraysam helo seskaid hadum

nad hatniremep helo nakukalid naujut iaynupmem gnay nasutupek iagabes

.utnetret I rotakidn - lebairav rukugnem kutnu nakanugid gnay rotkadni

arapsnarT n : tukireb iagabes halada ini kilbuP nakajibeK is

.a nakirebmem ulales haread hatniremeP lah gnatnet isamrofni - gnay lah

ibek nagned natiakreb aynnususid halet gnay naraggna nakaj .

.b nemukoD - gnay naraggna nakajibek nagned natiakreb gnay nemukod

helorepid uata seskaid hadum nagned tapad hatniremep helo nususid

.takaraysam


53

.c naropal nakiapmaynem malad utkaw tapet ulales hatniremeP

.nabawajgnuggnatrep

.d anug naraggna nusuynep malad isadomokaid ulales takaraysam nalusU

.kiab hibel gnay isarapsnart iapacnem

.e malad nahadumeK naraggna gnatnet kilbup nemukod seskagnem .

.f kilbup adapek isamrofni nairebmep metsis aynadA malad naktakgninem

gna isnarapsnart nakajibek narag .

.g tapad ayas igab kilbup adapek isamrofni nairebmep metsis aynadA

naraggna isnarapsnart nakajibek naktakgninem

.5 )DBPA( hareaD nagnaueK nasawagneP

halada ini naitilenep malad duskamid gnay haread nagnauek nasawagneP

toggna helo nakukalid gnay nasawagnep nay nawed a pahat irad ialumid g

nanusuynep nad naanaskalep ,naraggna nahasegnep ,naraggna

ini nakukalid gnay nasawagneP .)DBPA( naraggna nabawajgnuggnatrep

naanacnerep irad anaskalep ukales fitukeske kahip nataigek isawagnem kutnu

id ini nataigeK .nataigek .naraggna nasorobmep ignarugnem kutnu nakukal

rotakidnI - isarapsnarT lebairav rukugnem kutnu nakanugid gnay rotkadni

: tukireb iagabes halada ini kilbuP nakajibeK

.a Ke tabilret na malad taas nakusam nakirebmem nad hara nanusuynep

DBPA mumu nakajibek .

.b sisilanA kitilop id nakukal malad DBPA nanusuynep sesorp .

.c nawed atoggnA DBPA nahasegnep malad tabilret .

.d P DBPA nahasegne halet sasa ihunemem isarapsnart .


63

.e naupmamek ikilimem nawed atoggnA malad DBPA naksalejnem gnay

nakhasid halet .

.f e nakukalem fitka nawed atoggnA lav isau padahret naropal

nabawajgnuggnatrep nususid gnay fitukeske helo .

.g isaulavE gnay nakukalid nasala pukacnem - gnorodnem gnay nasala

A isiver aynlubmit naraggn .

.h m nawed atoggnA naropaL nagned natiakreb nagnaretek atnime

asid gnay DBPA )JPL( nabawajgnuggnatreP atokilaW/itapuB nakiapm .

.i idajret akij itujnalkadninem nad tusugnem ulales naweD atoggnA

DBPA )JPL( nabawajgnuggnatreP naropaL malad nalaggnajek .

.j ,DBPA JPL malad nalaggnajek ada akiJ nikgnum anerak aynah

naraggna aton gnutihgnem malad natamreckaditek .

.k oggnA nawed at DBPA nahasegnep malad tabilret .

.l akij itapuB/atokilaW JPL kalonem kutnu kah nakanuggnem fitka ayaS

halet gnay ajrenik rotakidni nad ajrenik radnats nagned iauses kadit

.nakpatetid

.G satilibaileR nad satidilaV naijugneP

airav rukugnem gnay naijugneP malad nemurtsni nakanuggnem nagned leb

nagned helorepid gnay atad padahret satilauk naijugnep nakukalid surah renoisiuk

hakapa iuhategnem kutnu naujutreb ini naijugneP .satilibailer nad satidilav iju

anebek babes lebailer nad dilav nakanugid gnay nemurtsni haloid gnay atad nar

.naitilenep lisah satilauk nakutnenem tagnas


73

.1 satidilaV ijU

utaus aynkadit dilav uata has rukugnem kutnu nakanugid satidilav ijU

renoiseuk . dilav nakatakid renoiseuk utauS akij renoiseuk adap naaynatrep

upmam kutnu m nakpakgnugne tauses renoiseuk helo rukuid naka gnay u

tubesret 6002 ,ilazohG( ) .

naaynatrep ritub roks ratna nakisalerokgnem nagned nakukalid naijugneP

lebairav uata kurtsnok roks latot nagned nagned nakukalid isnakifingis ijU .

kutnu lebat r nagned gnutih r ialin nakgidnabmem n =)fd( modeerf fo eerged

– ialin nad lebat r > gnutih r akiJ .lepmas halmuj halada n ini lah malad ,2

.dilav nakataynid tapad rotakidni uata naaynatrep uata ritub akam fitisop

.2 satilibaileR ijU

ret ,atad libmagnem kutnu naitilenep malad nakanugid mulebeS hibel

satilibailer ijuid naka renoiseuk uluhad ayn satilibaileR . aynranebes halada

lebairav irad rotakidni nakapurem gnay renoiseuk utaus rukugnem kutnu tala

kurtsnok uata 6002 ,ilazohG( ). nagned nakukalid satilibailer narukugneP enO

ohS t s narukugnep uata nad iakes aynah narukugnep inisid ,ajas ilake

rukugnem uata nial naaynatrep nagned nakgnidnabid aynlisah naidumek

.naaynatrep ratna isalerok satilibailer rukugnem kutnU nakukalid kitsitats iju

ahplA hcabnorC ( )α . S k utau kurtsno lebairav uata nakatakid r baile le akij

ialin irebmem ahplA hcabnorC ,0 > 60 :6002 ,ilazohG malad 7691 ,yllanuN(

)24 .


83

.H ataD sisilanA kinkeT

.1 kisalK ismusA naijugneP

nakukalem kutnu nakanugid tubesret iserger sisilana lisah mulebeS

r sisilana lisah uluhad hibelret ,sisetopih naijugnep ianekid tubesret iserge

irasadnem gnay ismusa nakapurem kisalk ismusa ijU .kisalk ismusa iju

: itupilem kisalk ismusa ijU .iserger sisilana utaus

)a satilamroN ijU

,iserger ledom malad hakapa ijugnem kutnu naujutreb satilamron ijU

ser uata uggnaggnep lebairav lamron isubirtsid ikilimem laudi ilazohG(

)801 :6002 . U nad t ij ijU r ialin awhab nakismusagnem F laudise

ron isubirtsid itukignem iju akam raggnalid ini ismusa ualaK .lam

licek lepmas halmuj kutnu dilav kadit idajnem kitsitats . naijugneP

lid atad satilamron kuka kitsitats sisilana nagned na

A vorogomloK nakanuggnem nagned nakukalid kitsitats sisilan -

vonrimS adap ahpla 5 rasebes fingis ialin akiJ .% naijugnep irad isnaki

gomloK voro - ,0 irad raseb hibel vonrimS 50 .lamron atad itrareb

)b einolokitlum ijU satir

tlum ijU oloki iserger ledom hakapa ijugnem kutnu naujutreb satirein

av ratna isalerok aynada nakumetid ,ilazohG( nednepedni lebair 6002 .)

oM d dajret kadit aynsurahes kiab gnay iserger le i aratna id isalerok

.nednepedni lebairav sabeb nakatakid ledom utauS inolokitlum satire

)rotcaF noitalfnI ecnairaV( FIV ialin uata 01,0 < ecnareloT ialin akij <

01 .


93

)c satisitsadeksoreteH ijU

ledom malad hakapa ijugnem naujutreb satisitsadeksoreteh ijU

ek natamagnep utas laudiser irad snairav naamaskaditek idajret iserger

nay natamagnep ek natamagnep utas laudiser irad snairav akiJ .nial g

akij nad satisitsadeksomoh tubesid akam ,patet aynnial natamagnep

satisitsadeksoreteh tubesid adebreb .

satisitsadeksoreteh aynkadit uata ada isketednem kutnu araC malad

ini naitielenep nagned halada nem nagned utiay resjelG ijU nakanugg

arac naka gnay )uggnaggnep( laudiser ialin naktulosbagnem

haubes naklisahgnem ialin nakisergerem nad ialin iagabes tubesret

satisitsadeksoreteh aynada isketednem kutnU .nedneped lebairav

nagned tahilem snakifingis takgnit isnakifingis takgnit alibapa ,ayni

%5 naayacrepek takgnit sataid adareb akam ledom naklupmisid tapad

eh aynada gnudnagnem kadit iserger 2 ,ilazohG( satisitsadeksoret 600 ).

idajret kadit uata satisadseksomoh gnay halada kiab gnay iserger ledoM

reteh tisadsekso ilazohG( sa 6002 , .)

.2 sisetopiH naijugneP nagnacnaR

sisilana ledom nakanuggnem nagned nakukalid sisetopih naijugneP

iserger naijugnep nagned erauqs R R( 2) huragnep esatnesrep tahilem kutnu

bairav padahret naitilenep malad nakkusamid gnay nednepedni lebairav le

nedneped araces isnakifingis ijugnem kutnu nakanugid gnay t ijU nad


04

malad nedneped lebairav padahret nednepedni lebairav huragnep laisrap

.iserger ledom

.a naijugnep nakukalem kutnu nakanugid gnay atad sisilana edoteM

halada ini naitilenep malad sisetopih : tukireb iagabes

.1 amatreP sisetopiH naijugneP

amatrep sisetopih ijugnem kutnu nakanugid gnay sisilana kinkeT

iserger sisilana nakanuggnem nagned halada ini naitilenep malad

ini naitilenep malad nakanugid gnay sisilana ledoM .anahredes reinil

agabes halada :tukireb i

anamiD :

DKP )DBPA( hareaD nagnaueK nasawagneP =

α atnatsnoK =

ATDP = naraggnA gnatneT naweD nauhategneP

e = rorre

.2 naijugneP H audeK sisetopi

audek sisetopih ijugnem kutnu nakanugid gnay sisilana kinkeT

i naitilenep malad iserger sisilana nakanuggnem nagned halada in

huragnep ijugnem kutnu kaltuM hisileS ialiN ijU natakednep nagned

ledoM .)6002 ,ilazohG malad 1991 ,noraehS nad tocurF( isaredom

:tukireb iagabes audek sisetopih kutnu sisilana

DKP β + α =1

ATDP

e +

DKP β + α =1

ATDP

β +2

TKA

β +3

ATDP[ - ]TKA e +


14

anamiD :

DKP wagneP = )DBPA( hareaD nagnaueK nasa

α atnatsnoK =

ATDP

A gnatneT naweD nauhategneP = naraggn

TKA

satilibatnukA =

ATDP - TKA

= I tulosba ialin nagned rukuid gnay iskaretn

naadebrep TKA nad ATDP aratna

β1 β

2 β

3 isergeR neisifeoK =

e = rorre

.3 naijugneP H agiteK sisetopi

eT audek sisetopih ijugnem kutnu nakanugid gnay sisilana kink


huragnep ijugnem kutnu kaltuM hisileS ialiN ijU natakednep nagned

ledoM .)6002 ,ilazohG malad 1991 ,noraehS nad tocurF( isaredom

lana :tukireb iagabes agitek sisetopih kutnu sisi

anamiD :


α atnatsnoK =

ATDP

naraggnA gnatneT naweD nauhategneP =

MP

takaraysam isapisitraP =

DKP β + α =1

ATDP

β + 4

MP

β + 5

ATDP[ - MP ]

e +


24

ATDP - MP

= I in nagned rukuid gnay iskaretn naadebrep tulosba ial

aratna ATDP

nad MP

β1 β

4β

5 isergeR neisifeoK =

e = rorre

.4 naijugneP H sisetopi tapmeeK

audek sisetopih ijugnem kutnu nakanugid gnay sisilana kinkeT


huragnep ijugnem kutnu kaltuM hisileS ialiN ijU ledom nagned

edoM .)6002 ,ilazohG malad 1991 ,noraehS nad tocurF( isaredom l

:tukireb iagabes audek sisetopih kutnu sisilana

anamiD :


α atnatsnoK =

ATDP

naraggnA gnatneT naweD nauhategneP =

PT

= kilbuP nakajibeK isnarapsnarT

ATDP - PT

= I lin nagned rukuid gnay iskaretn naadebrep tulosba ia

aratna ATDP

PKT nad

β1 β

6β

7 sergeR neisifeoK = i

e = rorre

DKP β + α =1

ATDP +

β

6PT

β +

7ATDP[

- ]PKT e +


34

.b eD neisifeoK ijU R( isanimret 2)

iskiderpmem malad iserger ledom irad nakiabek ijugnem kutnU

utiay nakanugid asib gnay naruku utas halas ,nedneped lebairev

.isanimreteD neisifeoK

R( ialiN .utas nad lon aratna id adareb isanimreted neisifeok ialiN 2 )

mamek itrareb licek gnay lebairav naup - malad nednepedni lebairav

itakednem gnay ialiN .satabret tagnas nedneped lebairav naksalejnem

lebairav itrareb utas - aumes ripmah nakirebmem nednepedni lebairav

lebairav isairav iskiderpmem kutnu nakhutubid gnay isamrofni

d 02 ,ilazohG( nednepe 60 .) nakrujnagnem itilenep kaynab ipatet nakA

detsujdA ialin nakanuggnem kutnu R2 anam isaulavegnem taas adap

R detsujda ialin anerak ,kiabret iserger ledom 2 nurut uata kian tapad

.ledom malad ek nakhabmatid nednepedni lebairav utas alibapa

.c snakifingiS ijU )t kitsitats ijU( laudividnI retemaraP i

huragnep huaj aparebes nakkujnunem aynrasad adap t kitsitats ijU

malad laudividni araces nednepedni uata salejnep lebairav utas

H( lon sisetopiH .nedneped lebairav isairav nakgnarenem 0 gnay )

kapa halada ijuid kadneh :uata lon nagned amas )ib( retemarap utaus ha

H0 0 = ib :

salejnep nakapurem nakub nednepedni lebairav utaus hakapa ,aynitrA

aynfitanretla sisetopiH .nedneped lebairav padahret nakifingis gnay

H( a :uata lon nagned amas kadit lebairav utaus retemarap )

Ha ib : 0 ≠


44

padahret nakifingis gnay salejnep nakapurem tubesret lebairav ,aynitrA

.nedneped lebairav

pahaT - :halada t iju nakukalem kutnu pahat

)1 sisetopih naksumureM

H 10 β : 1 huragnepreb kadit naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep ,0=

nagnauek nasawagnep padahret haread .

Ha1 β : 1≠ huragnepreb naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep ,0

haread nagnauek nasawagnep padahret .

H 20 β : 3 padahret huragnepreb kadit satilibatnuka ,0= nagnubuh

naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep aratna nagned nasawagnep

haread nagnauek .

Ha2 : β3≠ nuka ,0 padahret huragnepreb satilibat nagnubuh aratna

naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep nagned nasawagnep

haread nagnauek .

H 30 β : 5 padahret huragnepreb kadit takaraysam isapisitrap ,0=

nagnubuh naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep aratna nagned

nagnauek nasawagnep haread .

Ha3 β : 5≠ padahret huragnepreb takaraysam isapisitrap ,0 nagnubuh

naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep aratna nagned nasawagnep

haread nagnauek

H 40 β : 7 huragnepreb kadit kilbup nakajibek isnarapsnart ,0=

padahret nagnubuh atnet nawed nauhategnep aratna naraggna gn

nagned haread nagnauek nasawagnep .


54

Ha4 β : 7≠ padahret huragnepreb kilbup nakajibek isnarapsnart ,0

nagnubuh naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep aratna nagned

haread nagnauek nasawagnep

)2 nakutneneM ecnacifingis fo level )α(

isnakifingis takgniT α nasabebek tajared ,%5 n =fd - )1+k(

)3 nakutneneM k airetir naamirenep

H 0 kalotid alibapa t gnutih > t lebat

H 0 kalotid kadit alibapa t gnutih < t lebat

)4 t ialin nakgnidnabmeM gnutih t nagned lebat nednepedni lebairav

)5 nasutupeK libmagneM


64

BAB VI

TAYKAR NALIKAWREP NAWED NAD ATOK MUMU NARABMAG

HAREAD ATOK NAPAPKILAB

.A napapkilaB atoK mumU narabmaG

.1 napapkilaB atoK harajeS

helo kaynim rumus aynnakumetid kajes lawareb napapkilaB atoK

adlitaM atoK haluti taas kajeS .7981 iraurbeF 01 laggnat adap napapkilaB

.kaynim atok iagabes lanekret anerak raul takaraysam helo itanimid

luS ,iridnes natnamilaK aynsusuhk aisenodnI id ukus iagabreB a isew nad

kutnu gnatad awaJ .napapkilaB atok id hakfan iracnem

takaraysam ,tasep nikames napapkilaB atoK nagnabmekreP atoK

iagabreb ,ayadub iagabreb isarutluka idajret gnusgnal araces napapkilaB

gnay ratnagnep asahab irad nimrecret asib ini ,aisenodnI id ukus

,halokes kiab aisenodnI asahab utiay halada napapkilaB agraw nakanugid

nial nad ajrek tapmet ,hamur - .nial

k adaP itukiid gnatad gnay sinte namagarek naamasreb gnay utkaw nuru

iagabreb irad tadaitsi tadA .amaga nad tadaitsi tada iagabreb nagned alup

gnay amaga tunagnep alup naikimed ,kiab nagned anibret tagnas sinte

luka rotkaf aynada helo gnukudid ini laH .aynkulepid ,ayadub isarut

.nurumet nurut araces sinomrah nilajret takaraysam nagnubuh aggnihes

napapkilaB atoK sahk idajnem gnaY halas isanimod tapadret kadit halada


74

,gnatadnep ukus nupuam natnamilaK ilsa ukus irad kiab ,ukus utas

iakapid gnay asahab takerep aggnihes .aisenodnI asahab halada

nad agajnem ,arahilemem akgnar malad isatnemelpmi dujuw iagabeS

ottom iauses ,napapkilaB atoK fisudnok ,satirgetni naktakgninem

.alebuK nad agajuK ,nugnabuK napapkilaB

tagnas ,fisudnok nad sigetarts gnay atok iagabes napapkilaB gnukudid

araysam helo k ,ta naaamasrebek nad nahamarek malad amaturet agraw

/ukus namagarek malad atok ukus ratna natabarekek ialin ,ayadub ,sinte

iagabes napapkilaB nakratnagnem amatu ladom iagabes ,latnek tagnas

araysam ikilimem gnay ,inadam gnay takaraysam pudih gnay kumejam tak

ialin ikilimam atres ujam ,nredom nabadarepreb ,sinomrah ,nukur - ialin

gnisam naayacrepek nad amaga ,lautirips satilarom - ,napapkilaB .gnisam

atoK hatniremeP margorp malad lanoiseforp araces ridomokaret

: inkay ,napapkilaB neerg ,naelc dna yhtlaeh tahes nad uajih ,hisreb( ).

.2 napapkilaB atoK isiM nad isiV

.a isiV

asaj ,nagnagadrep ,irtsudni atok iagabes napapkilaB ayndujuwreT

nahatniremep atat naaraggneleynep helo gnukudid gnay atasiwirap nad

gnay takaraysam nad )ecnanrevoG dooG( kiab gnay ,arethajes ,namireb

)namI lutanidaM( ujam napadarepreb nad suigiler .


84

.b isiM

)1 nad inamsaj tahes ,namireb gnay aisunam ayad rebmus nakdujuweM

.igolonket nad nauhategnep umli gnadibid gnias ayad ikilimem

)2 nu upmam gnay atok rutkurtsarfni aynaidesret nakdujueM kut

.naped asam id atok isgnuf nad takaraysam nahutubek ihunemem

)3 nasawawreb nad inuh kayal gnay atok isidnok nakdujuweM

.nagnukgnil

)4 adapek isatneiroreb gnay atok naimonokerep nakdujuweM

nagnabmegnep nad nataykarek imonoke isnetop nagnabmegnep

sisab .naped asam id atok imonoke

)5 ( kiab gnay nahatniremep atat naaraggneleynep nakdujuweM dooG

ecnanrevoG )

)6 nad nalidaek nimajnem gnay mukuh nakagenep nakdujuweM

takaraysam igab mukuh naitsapek .

.3 hayaliW isnetoP nad isidnoK

.a eL A hayaliW nad sifargoeG kat isartsinimd

napapkilaB atoK hayaliw isartsinimda satab nad sifargoeg kateL

1 aratna id adareb ,rumiT natnamilaK isniporP id katelret 0 – 5,1 0 gnatnil

03,611 nad nataleS 0 3,305 napapkilaB atoK hayaliw sauL .rumiT rujuB

sniporP hayaliw saul irad %42,0 uata mK sataB .rumiT natnamilaK i

netapubaK nagned nasatabreb aratu halebes napapkilaB atoK hayaliw

taleS nagned nasatabreb rumit nad natales halebes ,aragenatreK iatuK

.aratU resaP netapubaK nagned nasatabreb tarab halebes ,rasakaM


94

toK hayaliw isartsinimda araceS natamacek 5 igabret napapkilaB a

napapkilaB atoK hayaliw ,sifargoeg araceS .naharulek 72 itupilem gnay

nad isgnuf iaynupmem rumiT natnamilaK lanretske pukgnil malad

nad nakududek ,katel nagned natiakreb raseb pukuc gnay nanarep

utiay ikilimid gnay isnetop natales hayliw nagnabmegnep tasup iagabes

iagabes ,rumiT natnamilaK isniporP hayaliw gnabreg utnip iagabes nad

hayaliw kutnu nakaynimrep nagnalignep irtsudni nagnabmegnep tasup

tasup iagabes ,rumiT naigaB aisenodnI nasawak nad natnamilaK

ek ijah isakrabme IV madoK sakram nakududek tapmet ,aisenodnI id V

namrawaluM natnamilaK hayaliw nataleS natnamilaK nad rumiT ,

id 01 ek )noitibihxE ecnerefnoC evitnecnI gniteeM( ECIM atok iagabes

hayaliw atsaws nad NMUB aparebeb nataigek tasup iagabes ,aisenodnI

natnamilaK nad .asaj nad nagnagadrep ,irtsudni atok iagabes atres

napapkilaB atoK ifargopot isidnoK hayaliw saul irad %58

tikubeb gnay haread nakapurem - aynah nad tikub nakapurem %51

,iatnap haread adap adareb nad natikubrep haread aratnaid ratad haread

krep tasup ( kududnep tadap nad naato aera pu tliub adap adareb gnay )

0 ratikes naiggnitek -1 .tual naakumrep sataid retem 00

.b hayaliW isnetoP

naksalejid tapad napapkilaB atoK ifargopot isidnok mumu araceS

: tukireb iagabes

)1 saul ikilimem napapkilaB atoK hayaliW 13,305 mk 2 % 58 gnay ,

51 nagnirimek nagned natikubrep haread irad iridret – 51 nad % 04


05

haread aratnaid katelret gnay ratad haread nakapurem aynnial %

.napapkilaB atoK gnajnapes gnatnebmem gnay natikubrep

)2 ra pu tliuB ( tadap kududnepreb gnay naatokrep haread sauL ) ae

itupilem aynnasaul gnay ,natikubrep nad ratad haread nakapurem

mk ,3,201 2 .napapkilaB atoK hayaliw saul irad % 14,02 uata

)3 ,iadnal kaga aynmumu adap atok natales naigab id hayaliw kutneB

gnay nagnerelek tapadret napapkilaB kuleT ratikes id ilaucek pukuc

napapkilaB atoK id tubesret nagnerelek irad tabika iagabeS .maruc

.sitirk aera aparebeb tapadret

)4 nakapurem aynmumu napapkilaB atoK iatnap risisep hareaD

0 aratna rasikreb nagnirimek nagned ,ratad pukuc gnay hayaliw – 51

kutnu naknikgnumem aggnihes ,% hayaliw iagabes nakgnabmekid

nupuam asaj ,nagnagadrep ,irtsudni kiab ,naatokrep nataigek

.kududnep namikumep

)5 adap adareb napapkilaB atoK hayaliw aynisavele nakrasadreB

0 ratikes naiggnitek – .tual naakumrep sataid m 001

.B kaR nalikawreP naweD mumU narabmaG napapkilaB atoK tay

.1 gnaneweW nad saguT ,isgnuF hareaD taykaR nalikawreP naweD atoK

napapkilaB

.a isgnuf iaynupmem DRPD

)1 isalsigeL

atokilaw amasreb haread narutarep kutnebmem malad nakdujuwiD .


15

)2 naraggnA

ad sahabmem malad nakdujuwiD ggna nagnacnar iujuteynem n nara

atokilaw amasreb haread ajnaleb nad natapadnep .

)3 nasawagneP

p isawagnem malad nakdujuwiD nad haread narutarep naanaskale

DBPA .

.b gnaneweW nad saguT

:gnanewew nad sagut iaynupmm DRPD

)1 atokilaw amasreb haread narutarep kutnebmeM

)2 srep nakirebmem nad sahabmeM haread narutarep nagnacnar naujute

atokilaw helo nakujaid gnay DBPA gnatnet

)3 haread narutarep naanaskalep padahret nasawagnep naknanaskaleM

DBPA nad

)4 atokilaw naitnehrebmep uata/nad natakgnagnep naklusugneM

nem iulalem nediserp adapek atokilaw likaw uata/nad malad iret

iulalem iregen malad iretnem adapek nad isnivorp drpd igab iregen

nahasegnep naktapadnem kutnu atok/netapubak drpd igab runrebug

naitnehrebmep uata/nad natakgnagnep

)5 likaw natabaj nagnosokek idajret lah malad atokilaw likaw hilimeM

atokilaw

)6 ebmeM haread hatniremep adapek nagnabmitrep nad tapadnep nakir

haread lanoisanretni naijnajrep anacner padahret


25

)7 lanoisanretni amas ajrek anacner padahret naujutesrep nakirebmeM

haread hatniremep helo nakukalid gnay

)8 w nabawajgnuggnatrep nagnaretek naropal atnimeM malad atokila

haread hatniremep naaraggneleynep

)9 haread nagned amas ajrek anacner padahret naujutesrep nakirebmeM

nad takaraysam inabebmem gnay agitek kahip nagned uatanial

haread

)01 nagned iauses haread nabijawek aynanaskalret nakayapugneM

narutarep nautnetek gnadnurep - nagnadnu

)11 nautnetek malad rutaid gnay nial gnanewew nad sagut nakanaskaleM

gnadnurep narutarep - .nagnadnu

.2 napapkilaB atoK hareaD taykaR nalikawreP naweD napakgneleK talA

iapacnem kutnu amasajrekeb gnay gnaro kopmolekes halada isasinagrO

jut utaus helo iapacid kadneh gnayutnetret naujut aparebeb uata nau

tapadret akam tubesret naujut iapacnem kutnU .gnaro kopmolekes

ayniapacret anug isasinagro malad rutkurtsret gnay sagut naigabmep

ulrepid tagnas isnatsni utaus malad napakgnelek talA .amasreb naujut nak

irad nataigek racnalrepmem tapad nakparahid nad isanidrookgnem kutnu

.neisife hibel raga nial gnay ajrek tinu ek ajrek tinu naigab utas

hareaD taykaR nalikawreP naweD aynnataigek naanaskalep malaD

lo gnukudid gnay nanipmiP helo nipmipid napapkilaB atoK naigab he -


35

nad sagut ianegnem nasalejneP .tubesret isnatsni malad aynnial naigab

:tukireb iagabes aynnial naigab atres nanipmip bawaj gnuggnat

.a nanipmiP

gnaro )agit( 3 nad autek gnaro )utas( 1 sata iridret DRPD nanipmiP

ap irad lasareb nanipmiP .autek likaw naturu nakrasadreb kitilop iatr

.DRPD id kaynabret isruk nahelorep

:sagut iaynupmem DRPD nanipmiP

)1 kutnu gnadis lisah naklupmiynem nad DRPD gnadis nipmimeM

nasutupek libmaid

)2 ajrek naigabmep nakadagnem nad nanipmip ajrek anacner nusuyneM

aw nad autek aratna autek lik

)3 naanaskalep nakigreniynem ayapu malad isanidrook nakukaleM

DRPD napakgnelek irad nataigek iretam nad adnega naanaskalep

)4 DRPD aracib uruj idajneM

)5 DRPD nasutupek naktakaraysamem nadd nakanaskaleM

)6 atsni/agabmel nagned nagnubuhreb malad DRPD ilikaweM isn

aynnial

)7 nanipmip nad atokilaw nagned isatlusnok nakadagneM

DRPD nasutupek nagned iauses aynnial lakitrev isnatsni/agabmel

)8 nalidagnep id DRPD ilikaweM

)9 isknas napatenep nagned naanekreb DRPD nasutupek nakanaskaleM

nagned iauses atoggna isatilibaher uata narutarep nautnetek

gnadnurep - nagnadnu


45

)01 gnay DRPD tairaterkes amasreb DRPD naraggna anacner nusuyneM

anrupirap tapar malad nakukaliad aynnahasegnep

)11 tapar malad DRPD nanipmip ajrenik naropal nakiapmayneM

.uti kutnu nakadaid susuhk gnay DRPD anrupirap

.b nadaB harawaysuM

gnay DRPD napakgnelek tala nakapurem harawaysum nadaB

natabaj asam lawa adap DRPD helo kutnebid nad patet tafisreb

rusnu sata irad iridret harawaysum nadaB .DRPD naatoggnaek - rusnu

kaynab gnilap nad atoggna halmuj nagnabmirep nakrasadreb iskarf ½

nadaB naatoggnaek naaanusuS .DRPD atoggna halmuj irad )hagnetes(

aynkutnebret haletes anrupirap tapar malad nakpatetid harawaysuM

.iskarf nad ,naraggna nadab ,isimok ,DRPD nanipmip

:sagut iaynupmem harawaysuM nadaB

)1 )utas( 1 kutnu DRPD adnega nakpateneM )utas( 1 ,gnadis nuhat

naarikrep ,gnadis asam utaus irad naigabes uata ,nagnadisrep asam

naiaseleynep utkaw akgnaj nad ,halasam utaus naiaseleynep utkaw

narutarep nagnacnar - ignarugnem kadit nagned ,haread narutarep

habugnem kutnu anrupirap tapar nagnanewek ayn

)2 nakutnenem malad DRPD nanipmip adapek tapadnep nakirebmeM

gnanewew nad sagut naanaskalep tukgnaynem gnay nakajibek sirag

DRPD


55

)3 napakgnelek tala adapek natapmesek nakirebmem uata/nad atnimeM

ianegnem nasalejnep/nagnaretek nakirebmem kutnu nial gnay DRPD

gnsam sagut naanaskalep - gnisam

)4 DRPD tapar araca lawdaj nakpateneM

)5 nataigek racnalrepmem kutnu tapadnep/naras irebmeM

)6 susuhk aitinap nakutnebmep nakisadnemokereM

)7 anrupirap tapar helo nakharesid gnay nial sagut nakanaskaleM

.harawaysuM nadaB adapek

.c isimoK

nad patet tafisreb gnay DRPD napakgnelek tala nakapurem isimoK

.DRPD naatoggnaek natabaj asam lawa adap DRPD helo kutnebid

:sagut iaynupmem isimoK

)1 nagned iauses haread nabijawek aynnaskalret nakayapugneM

gnadnurep narutrep nautnetek - nagnadnu

)2 mep nakukaleM nad haread narutarep nagnacnar padahret nasahab

DRPD nasutupek nagnacnar

)3 nad haread narutarep naanaskalep padahret nasawagnep nakukaleM

isimok sagut pukgnil gnaur nagned iauses DBPA

)4 naiaseleynep nakayapugnem kutnu DRPD nanipmip utnabmeM

pmasid gnay halasam takaraysam uata/nad atokilaw helo nakia

DRPD adapek


65

)5 itujnalkadninem atres sahabmem nad ,gnupmanem ,amireneM

takaraysam isaripsa

)6 haread id taykar naarethajesek natakgninep ayapu nakitahrepmeM

)7 sata natukgnasreb gnay isimok ajrek nagnujnuk nakukaleM

ujutesrep DRPD nanipmip na

)8 tapadnep ragned tapar nad ajrek tapar nakadagneM

)9 malad kusamret gnay DRPD nanipmip adapek lusu nakujagneM

gnisam sagut gnadib pukgnil gnaur - isimok gnisam

)01 lisah gnatnet DRPD nanipmip adapek silutret naropal nakirebmeM

imok sagut naanaskalep .is

:irad iridret DRPD isimoK

.a hatniremeP nad mukuH gnadib itupilem I isimoK

.b nagnaueK nad naimonokereP gnadib itupilem II isimoK

.c nanugnabmeP gnadib itupilem III isimoK

.d taykaR naarethajeseK gnadib itupilem VI isimoK

.d hareaD isalsigeL nadaB

isalsigeL nadaB gnay DRPD napakgnelek tala nakapurem hareaD

.DRPD anrupirap tapar malad kutnebid ,patet tafisreb

:sagut iaynupmem hareaD isalsigeL nadaB


75

)1 ratfad taumem gnay haread isalsigel margorp nagnacnar nusuyneM

atreseb haread narutarep nagnacnar satiroirp nad naturu aynnasala

DRPD nagnukgnilid naraggna nuhat paites kutnu

)2 DRPD aratna haread isalsigel margorp nanusuynep kutnu isanidrooK

haread hatniremep nad

)3 nakrasadreb DRPD lusu haread narutarep nagnacnar nakpaiyneM

nakpatetid halet gnay satiroirp margorp margorp

)4 kaleM napatnamep nad ,natalubmep ,naisasinomrahagnep naku

isimok ,atoggna nakujaid gnay haread narutarep nagnacnar ispesnok

haread narutarep nagnacnar mulebes isimok nagnubag uata/nad

DRPD nanipmip adapek nakiapmasid tubesret

)5 nar padahret nagnabmitrep nakirebmeM haread narutarep nagnac

aul id ,isimok nagnubag uata/nad isimok ,atoggna helo nakujaid gnay

,argorp malad ratfadret gnay haread narutarep nagnacnar satiroirp

haread isalsigel

)6 sahabme[ padhret isaulave nakukalem nad nagnabmekrep itukigneM

cnar nataum iretam isanidrook iulalem haread naruatrep nagna

susuhk aitinap uata/nad isimok nagned

)7 nagnacnar sata DRPD nanipmip adapek nakusm nakirebmeM

harawaysuM nadaB hlo naksgutid gnay haread narutarep

)8 kiab DRPD naatoggnaek rihka asam adap ajrenik naropal taubmeM

us gnay nakanugid tapad kutnu nakiaselesret muleb gnay nupuam had

.ayntukireb naatoggnaek asam adap isimok helo nahab iagabes


85

.e naraggnA nadaB

tafisreb gnay DRPD napakgnelek tala nakapurem naraggnA nadaB

aatoggnaek natabaj asam lawa adap DRPD helo kutnebid nad patet n

.DRPD

:sagut iaynupmem narggnA nadaB

)1 kokop apureb tapadnep nad naras nakirebmeM - DRPD narikip kokop

naraggna nagnacnar nakpaisrepmem malad atokilaw adapek

mulebes nalub )amil( 5 tabmal gnilap haread ajnaleb nad natapadnep

DBPA aynnakpatetid

)2 snok nakualeM adapek aynatoggna helo ilikawid tapad gnay isatlu

akgnar malad nakusam helorepmem kutnu tiakret isimok

nad satiroirp atres DBPA mumu nakajibek nagnacnar nasahabmep

aratnemes naraggna nofalp

)3 malad atokilaw adapek tapadnep nad naras nakirebmeM

nakpaisrepmem DBPA nahaburep gnatnet haread narutrep nagnacnar

nabawajgnuggnatrep gnatnet haread narutarep nagnacnar nad

DBPA naanaskalep

)4 ep nagnacnar naanrupmeynep nakukaleM gnatnet haread narutar

nad DBPA nabawajgnuggnatrep gnatnet haread narutarep nagnacnar

naskalep runrebug isaulave lisah nakrasadreb DBPA naa

)5 haread hatniremep naraggna mit amasreb nasahabmep nakukaleM

satiroirp nagnacnar atres DBPA mumu nakajibek nagnacnar padahret

atokilaw helo nakiapmasid gnay aratnemes naraggna nofalp nad


95

)6 adapek naras nakirebmeM nusuynem malad DRPD nanipmip

.DRPD naraggna

.f natamroheK nadaB

tala nakapurem nad DRPD helo kutnebid natamrohek nadaB

.patet tafisreb gnay DRPD napakgnelek

:sagut iaynupmem natamrohek nadaB

)1 padahret nahutapek uata/nad nilpisid isaulavegnem nad uatnameM

om akgnar malad DRPD bitret atat narutarep uata/nad ,kite edok ,lar

DRPD satilibiderk nad artic ,natamrohek ,tabatram agajnem

)2 DRPD atoggna nakukalid gnay naraggnalep naagud itileneM

DRPD kite edok uata/nad bitret atat narutarep padahret

)3 nakidileynep nakukaleM naudagnep sata isakifiralk nad isakivirev ,

takaraysam uata/nad ,DRPD atoggna ,DRPD nanipmip

)4 ,nakidileynep lisah sata natamrohek nadab nasutupek nakropaleM

DRPD anrupirap tapar adapek isakifiralk nad ,isakifirev

.g gnelek talA nakulrepid gnay nial napak

malaD napakgnelek tala kutnebmem tapad DRPD ,nakulrepid lah

.patet kadit tafisreb gnay ajrek aitinap/susuhk aitinap apureb nial


06

V BAB

SISILANA D ATAD NASAHABMEP NA

helorepid halet gnay atad padahret sisilana nakijasid naka ini bab malaD

halmujes irad helorepid ini naitilenep malad ataD .naitilenep naanaskalep amales

awreP naweD adap nednopser nabawaj irad lasareb gnay renoiseuk 34 nalik

gnay renoiseuk 54 irad ,renoiseuk narabeynep lisaH .napapkilaB atoK taykaR

isiret pakgnel nad kiab naadaek malad ilabmek halet renoiseuk 34 ,rabesid

.isiret kadit gnay renoiseuk haub 2 nad naitilenep malad nakanugid kayal aggnihes

gnay atad sisilanA aud sata iridret aynrasad adap ini bab malad nakukalid

gnisam padahret fitpirksed sisilana nakapurem amatrep naigab ,naigab - gnisam

gnay atad sisilana nakapurem audek naigab nakgnades ,naitilenep lebairav

aleS .sisetopih naijugnep nakukalem kutnu naujutreb malad ,tubesret sisilana ni

satilibailer nad satidilav naijugnep nad nednopser ispirksed nakukalid aguj ini bab

.nakanugid gnay naaynatrep ratfad

.A ataD ispirkseD nednopseR

,nednopser kitsiretkarak iuhategnem kutnu nakanugid gnay atad sisilanA

karak sisilana nakididnep nad aisu ,nimalek sinej itupilem nednopser kitsiret

tahilid tapad aynpakgneles nednopser kitsiretkarak sisilana lisaH .rihkaret

:tukireb lebat malad


16

2 lebaT nednopseR kitsiretkaraK . kitsiretkaraK nagnareteK halmuJ )%( esatnesreP

maleK sineJ ni airP atinaW

33 01

7,67 3,32

latoT 34 001 aisU 12 - nuhat 53

63 - nuhat 54 nuhat 54>

41 21 71

5,23 9,72 5,93

latoT 34 001

rihkareT nakididneP tajaredes/ATLS 1D 2D 3D 4D 1S 2S 3S

aynniaL

31 1 1 1

91 8

2,03 3,2 3,2 3,2

2,44 6,81

latoT 34 001

rebmuS haloid ataD :

awhab iuhatekid nimalek sinej nakrasadreb nednopser kitsiretkaraK

uata gnaro 33 kaynabes utiay airp nimalek sinejreb nednopser satiroayam

01 kaynabes atinaw nimalek sinejreb gnay nednopser nakgnades ,% 7,67

.% 3,32 uata gnaro

nesrep sisilanA awhab lisah helorepid aisu nakrasadreb nakrasadreb esat

71 kaynabes utiay nuhat 54 irad hibel aisu ikilimem nednopser satiroyam

nuhat 53 nagned iapmas 12 aisu ikilimem gnay nednopser , % 5,93 uata gnaro

mem gnay nednopser nad ,% 5,23 uata gnaro 41 kaynabes iapmas 63 aisu ikili

.% 9,72 uata gnaro 21 kaynabes nuhat 54 nagned

nakrasadreb nednopser kitsiretkarak adap esatnesrep sisilana lisaH

nakididnepreb nednopser satiroyam awhab iuhatekid rihkaret nakididnep


26

gnaro 91 kayabes )1S( utas atartS halada rihkaret gnay nednoper ,% 2,44 uata

ayntujnales ,%2,03 uata gnaro 31 kaynabes tajaredes/ATLS nakididnepreb

,%6,81 uata gnaro 8 kaynabes )2S( aud atartS nakididnepreb gnay nednopser

)3D( 3 amolpiD nakididnep nagned nednopser halada hadner gnilap gnay nad

1 kaynabes gnaro 1 kaynabes )2D( 2 amolpiD 1 kaynabes ,% 3,2 uata gnaro

.% 3,2 uata gnaro 1 kaynabes )1D( 1 amolpiD nad % 3,2 uata

.B ataD sisilanA

.1 nemurtsnI naijugneP

S naitilenep adap renoiseuk ,atad lupmugnep tala iagabe ini ijuid

v ijU .aynsatilibailer nad satidilav nakukalem nagned nakukalid satidila

iju nad lebairav roks latot nagned naaynatrep ritub roks ratna isalerok

nakanuggnem nagned nakukalid satilibailer ahplA hcabnorC .

.a satidilaV ijU

aynkadit dilav uata has rukugnem kutnu nakanugid satidilav ijU

noiseuk utaus adap naaynatrep akij dilav nakatakid renoiseuk utauS .re

helo rukuid naka gnay utauses nakpakgnugnem kutnu upmam renoiseuk

tubesret renoiseuk 6002 ,ilazohG( ) .

ritub roks ratna nakisalerokgnem nagned nakukalid naijugneP

urtsnok roks latot nagned naaynatrep isnakifingis ijU .lebairav uata k

kutnu lebat r nagned gnutih r ialin nakgidnabmem nagned nakukalid

n =)fd( modeerf fo eerged – .lepmas halmuj halada n ini lah malad ,2


36

r akiJ gnutih r > lebat uata naaynatrep uata ritub akam fitisop ialin nad

apad rotakidni .dilav nakataynid t

3 lebaT . satidilaV ijU lisaH rituB .oN/lebairaV r gnutih r lebat nagnareteK

)1X( naraggnA gnatneT naweD isapisitraP 1.1X 795,0 8003,0 dilaV 2.1X 775,0 8003,0 dilaV 3.1X 585,0 8003,0 dilaV 4.1X 885,0 8003,0 dilaV

)2X( satilibatnukA 1.2X 434,0 8003,0 dilaV 2.2X 614,0 8003,0 dilaV 3.2X 614,0 8003,0 dilaV 4.2X 366,0 8003,0 dilaV 5.2X 193,0 8003,0 dilaV 6.2X 304,0 8003,0 dilaV 7.2X 313,0 8003,0 dilaV

)3X( takaraysaM isapisitraP 1.3X ,0 195 8003,0 dilaV 2.3X ,0 535 8003,0 ilaV d 3.3X ,0 084 8003,0 dilaV 4.3X ,0 215 8003,0 dilaV 5.3X ,0 464 8003,0 dilaV 6.3X 4,0 07 8003,0 dilaV 7.3X 5,0 47 8003,0 dilaV 8.3X ,0 286 8003,0 dilaV 9.3X ,0 137 8003,0 dilaV

isnarapsnarT nakajibeK )4X( kilbuP 1.4X 814,0 8003,0 dilaV 2.4X 835,0 8003,0 dilaV 3.4X 984,0 8003,0 dilaV 4.4X 365,0 8003,0 dilaV 5.4X 233,0 8003,0 dilaV 6.4X 683,0 8003,0 dilaV 7.4X 453,0 8003,0 dilaV


46

3 lebaT )natujnaL( satidilaV ijU lisaH nasakgniR . )Y( hareaD nagnaueK nasawagneP

1.Y 638,0 8003,0 dilaV 2.Y 464,0 003,0 8 dilaV 3.Y 67,0 6 8003,0 dilaV 4.Y 336,0 8003,0 dilaV 5.Y 868,0 8003,0 dilaV 6.Y 065,0 8003,0 dilaV 7.Y 587,0 8003,0 dilaV 8.Y 616,0 8003,0 dilaV 9.Y 717,0 8003,0 dilaV 01.Y 657,0 8003,0 dilaV 11.Y 488,0 8003,0 dilaV 21.Y 385,0 8003,0 dilaV

S haloid ataD :rebmu

id isalerok neisifeok aynraseb iuhatekid tapad sata id 1.5 lebaT iraD

X lebairav naaynatrep ritub hurules irad sata 1 X , 2 X , 3 X , 4 Y nad

r ialin ikilimem gnutih r > lebat 8003,0( awhab naklupmisid tapad akam ,)

malad naaynatrep ritub aumes .dilav nakataynid renoiseuk

.b satilibaileR ijU

gnay renoiseuk hakapa aynpisnirp adap satilibailer narukugneP

raneb nednopser adapek nakigabid - tala iagabes nakladnaid tapad raneb

nikames ,ruku tala utaus naladnaek takgnit iggnit nikameS .rukugnep

d nad libats utaus rukugnem malad tubesret ruku tala nakladnaid tapa

nakatakid nemurtsnI .alajeg lebailer ikilimem alibapa ahplA hcabnorC

0 irad hibel ,6 0 )24 :6002 ,ilazohG malad 7691 ,yllanuN( nasakgniR .

b lebat malad tahilid tapad aynpakgneles satilibailer iju lisah : tukire


56

4 lebaT satilibaileR ijU lisaH . lebairaV .feoK

hcabnorCahplA

.feok timiL hcabnorC

ahplA

nagnareteK

naweD nauhategneP)1X( naraggnA gnatnet

777,0 6,0 lebaileR

)2X( satilibatnukA 227,0 6,0 lebaileR takaraysaM isapisitraP

)3X( 8,0 04 6,0 lebaileR

isnarapsnarT nakajibeK)4X( kilbuP

827,0 6,0 lebaileR

nagnaueK nasawagneP)Y( hareaD

629,0 6,0 lebaileR

haloid ataD :rebmuS

gnisam awhab iuhatekid tapad satilibailer naijugnep lisaH - gnisam

aD .06,0 > ahplA hcabnorC ikilimem renoiseuk malad lebairav tap

ini naitilenep malad nakanugid gnay renoiseuk awhab naklupmisid

.lebailer nakataynid kitistats araces

.2 kisalK ismusA naijugneP

ismusa iju nakukalid uluhad hibelret sisetopih iju nakukalid mulebeS

d iridret ini naitilenep malad kisalk ismusa ijU .kisalk ,satilamroN iju ira

satiraenilokitluM satisitsadekoreteH nad .

.a satilamroN ijU

.atad isubirtsid nalamronek ijugnem kutnu nakukalid satilamron ijU

halada atad helo ikilimid surah gnay ismusa ,kirtemarap kitsitats malaD

araces isubirtsidret tubesret atad awhab .lamron satilamron naijugneP

kitsitats sisilana nagned nakukalid atad .


66

vorogomloK nakanuggnem nagned nakukalid kitsitats sisilanA -

adap vonrimS ahpla naijugnep irad isnakifingis ialin akiJ .% 5 rasebes

vorogomloK - atad itrareb 50,0 irad raseb hibel vonrimS isubirtsidret

.lamron

5 lebaT . satilamroN ijU lisaH ledoM lebairaV isnakifingiS

amatreP ATDP 641,0 DKP 233,0

audeK ATDPZ 641,0 TKAZ 922,0 TKA_ATDPsbA 401,0 DKP 233,0

agiteK ATDPZ 641,0 MPZ 823,0 MP_ATDPsbA 334,0 DKP 233,0

tapmeeK ATDPZ 641,0 TZ KP 061,0 T_ATDPsbA KP 190,0 DKP 233,0

haloid ataD :rebmuS

satilamron iju lisah nakapurem sata id ataD ,audek ,amatrep ledom

tapmeek nad agitek vorogomloK nagned - nakkujnunem gnay fonrimS

s isnakifingis tahilem nagned ,lamron atad raseb hibel lebairav aume

.50,0 irad

.b nilokitluM ijU ea satir

luM ijU satiraenilokit naujutreb kutnu ijugnem iserger ledom hakapa

metid ratna isalerok aynada naku sabeb lebairav ,ilazohG( )nednepedni(

6002 .) nilokitlum sabeb nakatakid ledom utauS in akij satirae ial


76

T ecnarelo > uata 01,0 nagned amas ( FIV ialin noitalfnI ecnairaV

rotcaF 01 < ) .

6 lebaT satiraenilokitluM ijU lisaH . ledoM lebairaV ecnareloT FIV

audeK ATDPZ 688,0 821,1 TKAZ 547,0 343,1 TKA_ATDPsbA 908,0 632,1

agiteK ATDPZ 637,0 953,1 MPZ 38,0 4 002,1 MP_ATDPsbA 608,0 042,1

tapmeeK ATDPZ 778,0 141,1 PKTZ 367,0 013,1 PKT_ATDPsbA 918,0 222,1

haloiD ataD :rebmuS

iju lisah nakapurem sata id ataD satiraenilokitlum . tubesret lisaH

ledom awhab nakkujnunem tapmeek nad agitek ,audek agnem kadit gnudn

satiraenilokitlum ialin irad tahilid tapad , ecnarelot > nednepedni lebairav

( FIV ialin uata 01,0 rotcaF noitalfnI ecnairaV < nednepedni lebairav )

.01

.c satisitsadeksoreteH ijU

ledom malad hakapa ijugnem naujutreb satisitsadeksoreteh ijU

idajret iserger ek natamagnep utas laudiser irad snairav naamaskaditek

ek natamagnep utas laudiser irad snairav akiJ .nial gnay natamagnep

akij nad satisitsadeksomoh tubesid akam ,patet aynnial natamagnep

.)501 :6002 ,ilazohG( satisitsadeksoreteh tubesid adebreb

nu araC malad satisitsadeksoreteh aynkadit uata ada isketednem kut

nagned utiay resjelG ijU nakanuggnem nagned halada ini naitielenep

naka gnay )uggnaggnep( laudiser ialin naktulosbagnem arac


86

haubes naklisahgnem ialin nakisergerem nad l ialin iagabes tubesret

irav satisitsadeksoreteh aynada isketednem kutnU .nedneped leba

isnakifingis takgnit alibapa ,aynisnakifingis takgnit tahilem nagned

ledom naklupmisid tapad akam %5 naayacrepek takgnit sataid adareb

,ilazohG( satisitsadeksoreteh aynada gnudnagnem kadit iserger .)6002

idajret kadit uata satisadseksomoh gnay halada kiab gnay iserger ledoM

.)6002 ,ilazohG( satisadseksoreteh

lebaT 7. satisitsadeksoreteH ijU lisaH ledoM lebairaV isnakifingiS

audeK ATDPZ 693,0 TKAZ 168,0 TKA_ATDPsbA 013,0

agiteK ATDPZ 183,0 MPZ 073,0 MP_ATDPsbA 983,0

tapmeeK ATDPZ 923,0 PKTZ 358,0 PKT_ATDPsbA 503,0

haloiD ataD :rebmuS

satisitsadeksoreteh iju lisah nakapurem sata id ataD tubesret lisaH .

araces nakifingis gnay nednepedni lebairav kadit awhab nakkujnunem

mem kitsitats uragnep 1seRsbA nedneped lebairav ih ledom adap

,amatrep tapmeek ledom adap 3seRsbA ,audek ledom adap 2seRsbA .

ek takgnit sataid aynisnakifingis irad tahilret ini laH .%5 naayacrep

aggniheS upmisid tapad awhab nakl satisitsadeksoreteh idajret kadit

ledom adap iserger .


96

.3 sisetopiH naijugneP

nalupmisek helorepid kisalk ismusa naijugnep nakukalid haleteS

sisilana naijugnep nakukalem kutnu nakanugid tapad hadus ledom awhab

gnay sisetopih padahret sisilana nakukalem ayntujnales akaM .iserger

itilenep malad nakujaid aud malad nakukalid sisetopih naijugneP .ini na

adnagreb iserger nad anahredes iserger nakukalem nagned utiay pahat

kutnu kaltum hisiles ialin iju ledom nagned . lebairav huragnep ijugnem

.isaredom

.a amatreP sisetopiH naijugneP

tnu halada ini naijugnep naujuT nauhategnep hakapa tahilem ku

nagnauek nasawagnep padahret huragnepreb naraggna gnatnet nawed

iserger nakanuggnem nagned nakukalid ini naijugneP .haread

.anahredes

)1 R isanimreteD neisifeoK 2

8 lebaT amatreP ledoM isanimreteD neisifeoK ijU lisaH . ammuS ledoM yr

ledoM R erauqS R erauqS R detsujdA etamitsE eht fo rorrE .dtS 1 836. a 704. 393. 77914.

haloiD ataD :rebmuS

ialin helorepid sisilana lisah nakrasadreB R detsujdA 2 rasebes

nasawagnep utiay nedneped lebairav awhab aynitra ,393,0

id upmam haread nagnauek nednepedni lebairav helo naksalej

nakgnades ,%3,93 rasebes naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep


07

%001( %7,06 aynasis - id nial gnay rotkaf helo naksalejid )%3,93

.ini ledom raul

)2 sisetopih nakutneneM

H 10 β : 1 huragnepreb kadit naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep ,0=

.haread nagnauek nasawagnep padahret

H 1a : β1≠ ,0 huragnepreb naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep

.haread nagnauek nasawagnep padahret


isnakifingis takgniT α ,%5 nasabebek tajared n =fd - 34 = )1+k( -

14 =)1+1( t helorepid , lebat rasebes 910,2 .





neP t : naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhateg gnutih = ,5 3 70 t , = lebat 910,2

)6 nasutupek libmagneM

lebaT 9 amatreP sisetopiH ijU lisaH .

ledoM

dezidradnatsnUstneiciffeoC

dezidradnatSstneiciffeoC

t .giS B rorrE .dtS ateB 1 )tnatsnoC( 324.1 425. 617.2 010.

neP naweD nauhategnaraggnA gnatneT 976. 821. 836. 703.5 000.

haloiD ataD :rebmuS

:halada naijugnep lisah irad helorepid gnay iserger naamasreP

DKP = 976,0 + 324,1 ATDP


17

halada sataid tubesret iserger ledom adap neisifeok adap adnaT

ynduskaM .fitisop lebairav irad huragnep sitiroet araces halada a

natakgninep nagned haraes naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep

haread nagnauek nasawagnep nawed nauhategnep alibapa ,idaJ .

.takgninem aguj haread nagnauek nasawagnep akam naraggna gnatnet

utnu iserger neisifeoK gnatnet nawed nauhategnep lebairav k

adap nakifingis ini neisifeoK .)fitisop adnat( 976,0 halada naraggna α

ialin anerak %5 t gnutih > t lebat ,5( rasebes utiay 3 70 910,2> ialin uata )

akaM .50,0<000,0 isnakifingis satilibaborp nakataynid tapad awhab

p tapadret huragne nakifingis gnatnet nawed nauhategnep aratna

haread nagnauek nasawagnep padahret naraggna sisetopih aggniheS .

.amiretid tapad amatrep

.b audeK sisetopiH naijugneP

hakapa tahilem kutnu halada ini naijugnep naujuT satilibatnuka

reb huragnep nubuh padahret aratna nag gnatnet nawed nauhategnep

naraggna nagned ini naijugneP .haread nagnauek nasawagnep

nakanuggnem nagned nakukalid kutnu kaltuM hisileS ialiN ijU

huragnep ijugnem isaredom .


1 lebaT 0 ledoM isanimreteD neisifeoK ijU lisaH . audeK yrammuS ledoM

ledoM R erauqS R R detsujdA

erauqS eht fo rorrE .dtS

etamitsE 2 057. a 265. 825. 39963.

haloiD ataD :rebmuS


27



uek nednepedni lebairav helo naksalejid upmam haread nagna

gnatnet nawed nauhategnep rasebes ,satilibatnuka ,naraggna

%001( %2,74 aynasis nakgnades ,%8,25 - helo naksalejid )%8,25

.ini ledom raul id nial gnay rotkaf


H 20 β : 3 nagnubuh padahret huragnepreb kadit satilibatnuka ,0=

nasawagnep nagned naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep

.haread nagnauek

H 2a β : 3≠ nagnubuh padahret huragnepreb satilibatnuka ,0

nasawagnep nagned naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep

.haread nagnauek

)3 neM nakutne ecnacifingis fo level )α(

isnakifingis takgniT α nasabebek tajared ,%5 n =fd - 34 = )1+k( -

93 =)1+3( rasebes lebat t helorepid , 220,2 .




)5 M t ialin nakgnidnabme gnutih t nagned lebat nednepedni lebairav

TKA_ATDPsbA t : gnutih = t ;164,2 lebat = 220,2


37


11 lebaT naijugneP lisaH . audeK sisetopiH

ledoM



t .giS B rorrE .dtS teB a 2 )tnatsnoC( 510.4 980. 053.54 000.

nauhategnePZ gnatneT naweD

naraggnA 592. 160. 845. 468.4 000.

satilibatnukAZ 432. 660. 434. 735.3 100. TKA_ATDPsbA 002. 180. 092. 164.2 810.

haloiD ataD :rebmuS

ad helorepid gnay iserger naamasreP :halada naijugnep lisah ir

DKP = 510,4 592,0 + ATDP + 432,0 TKA 002,0 + ATDP[ - TKA ]

halada aynduskaM .fitisop halada sataid neisifeok adap adnaT

padahret haraes huragnepreb satilibatnuka sitiroet araces

na gnatnet nawed nauhategnep aratna nagnubuh natakgninep naragg

taukrepid alibapa ,idaJ .haread nagnauek nasawagnep nagned

gnatnet nawed nauhategnep nagnubuh akam satilibatnuka nagned

naka haread nagnauek nasawagnep nagned naraggna nikames

.takgninem

lebairav kutnu iserger neisifeoK TKA_ATDPsbA halada 002,0

nat( adap nakifingis ini neisifeoK .)fitisop ad α ialin anerak %5

t gnutih > t lebat rasebes utiay 164,2( 220,2> ialin uata ) satilibaborp

810,0 isnakifingis .50,0< akaM nakataynid tapad tapadret awhab

huragnep isaredom lebairav nakifingis padahret satilibatnuka

buh padahret naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep aratna nagnu


47

.haread nagnauek nasawagnep tapad audek sisetopih aggniheS

.amiretid

.c agiteK sisetopiH naijugneP

hakapa tahilem kutnu halada ini naijugnep naujuT isapisitrap

takaraysam a nagnubuh padahret huragnepreb nauhategnep aratn

haread nagnauek nasawagnep nagned naraggna gnatnet nawed .

nakanuggnem nagned nakukalid ini naijugneP hisileS ialiN ijU

isaredom huragnep ijugnem kutnu kaltuM .


21 lebaT agiteK ledoM isanimreteD neisifeoK ijU lisaH . yrammuS ledoM



etamitsE 3 718. a 766. 146. 76223.

haloiD ataD :rebmuS


nagnauek nasawagnep utiay nedneped lebairav awhab aynitra 325,0

read nauhategnep nednepedni lebairav helo naksalejid upmam ha

%9,53 aynasis nakgnades ,%1,46 rasebes naraggna gnatnet nawed

%001( - .ini ledom raul id nial gnay rotkaf helo naksalejid )%1,46


H 30 β : 5 padahret huragnepreb kadit takaraysam isapisitrap ,0=

aratna nagnubuh naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep nagned

.haread nagnauek nasawagnep


57

H 3a β : 5≠ padahret huragnepreb takaraysam isapisitrap ,0 nagnubuh

aratna naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep nagned nasawagnep

.haread nagnauek






H 0 tid kadit kalo alibapa t gnutih < t lebat


MP_ATDPsbA t : gnutih = t ; 394,2 lebat = 220,2


31 lebaT agiteK sisetopiH naijugneP lisaH .

ledoM


dezidradnatSciffeoC stnei



naraggnA 292. 850. 245. 620.5 000.

isapisitraPZtakaraysaM 382. 550. 525. 581.5 000.

MP_ATDPsbA 791. 970. 752. 394.2 710. haloiD ataD :rebmuS

sreP :halada naijugnep lisah irad helorepid gnay iserger naama

DKP ATDP[ 791,0 + MP382,0 + ATDP292,0 + 610,4 = - ]MP


padahret haraes huragnepreb takaraysam isapisitrap sitiroet araces


67

gnubuh natakgninep naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep aratna na

taukrepid alibapa ,idaJ .haread nagnauek nasawagnep nagned

nawed nauhategnep nagnubuh akam takaraysam isapisitrap nagned

naka haread nagnauek nasawagnep nagned naraggna gnatnet

nikames .takgninem

erger neisifeoK lebairav kutnu is MP_ATDPsbA ,0 halada 791

adap nakifingis ini neisifeoK .)fitisop adnat( α ialin anerak %5

t gnutih > t lebat ( rasebes utiay 394,2 > 220,2 satilibaborp ialin uata )

0,0 isnakifingis 71 .50,0< tapadret awhab nakataynid tapad akaM

akifingis huragnep isaredom lebairav n takaraysam isapisitrap

naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep aratna nagnubuh padahret

agitek sisetopih aggniheS .haread nagnauek nasawagnep padahret

.amiretid tapad

)d tapmeeK sisetopiH naijugneP

apa tahilem kutnu halada ini naijugnep naujuT hak isnarapsnart

kilbup nakajibek aratna nagnubuh padahret huragnepreb

nauhategnep nagned naraggna gnatnet nawed nagnauek nasawagnep

haread . ialiN ijU nakanuggnem nagned nakukalid ini naijugneP

.isaredom huragnep ijugnem kutnu kaltuM hisileS


77

)1 neisifeoK R isanimreteD 2

41 lebaT ledoM isanimreteD neisifeoK ijU lisaH . tapmeeK yrammuS ledoM



etamitsE 4 277. a 695. 565. 63553.

haloiD ataD :rebmuS

ialin helorepid sisilana lisah nakrasadreB detsujdA R2 rasebes


nednepedni lebairav helo naksalejid upmam haread nagnauek

nakgnades ,%5,65 rasebes naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep

%001( %5,34 aynasis - id nial gnay rotkaf helo naksalejid )%5,65

raul .ini ledom


H 40 β : 7 huragnepreb kadit kilbup nakajibek isnarapsnart ,0=

nagned naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep nagnubuh padahret

.haread nagnauek nasawagnep

H 4a : β7≠ ,0 padahret huragnepreb kilbup nakajibek isnarapsnart

gnep nagnubuh nagned naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhate

haread nagnauek nasawagnep





H 0 kalotid apa alib t gnutih > t lebat


87



PKT_ATDPsbA t : gnutih = t ; 387,2 lebat = 220,2


51 lebaT . ugneP lisaH ij na eK sisetopiH tapme

ledoM

adnatsnU dezidrstneiciffeoC




naraggnA 692. 950. 945. 250.5 000.

isnarapsnarTZ nakajibeK kilbuP 352. 360. 074. 730.4 000.

T_ATDPsbA KP 822. . 280 313. 387.2 800. haloiD ataD :rebmuS

:halada naijugnep lisah irad helorepid gnay iserger naamasreP

DKP = 489,3 692,0 + ATDP 352,0 + PKT 822,0 + [ ATDP - PKT ]


sitiroet araces kjibek isnarapsnart kilbup na haraes huragnepreb

nawed nauhategnep aratna nagnubuh natakgninep padahret

,idaJ .haread nagnauek nasawagnep nagned naraggna gnatnet

nagned taukrepid alibapa ,kilbup nakjibek isnarapsnat akam

nagned naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep nagnubuh

gnep naka haread nagnauek nasawa nikames .takgninem

,0 halada TKA_ATDPsbA lebairav kutnu iserger neisifeoK 822

adap nakifingis ini neisifeoK .)fitisop adnat( α ialin anerak %5

t gnutih > t lebat ,2( rasebes utiay 387 > 220,2 satilibaborp ialin uata )


97

0,0 isnakifingis 08 tapadret awhab nakataynid tapad akaM .50,0<

isaredom lebairav nakifingis huragnep nakajibek isnarapsnart

kilbup gnatnet nawed nauhategnep aratna nagnubuh padahret

aggniheS .haread nagnauek nasawagnep padahret naraggna

sisetopih tapmeek .amiretid tapad

.C aH isaterpretnI nad naitileneP lis

tapad ,sata id nakrapapid halet gnay atad naiaru lisah nakrasadreB

adap awhab naklupmisid naijugnep amatrep sisetopih huragnep ijugnem gnay

haread nagnauek nasawagnep padahret naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep

uggnem nagned nakan nep utiay g naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhate

preb nagnauek nasawagnep padahret nakifingis huragne haread naijugneP .

audek sisetopih nagnubuh padahret satilibatnuka huragnep ijugnem gnay

nagnauek nasawagnep nagned naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep aratna

haread satilibatnuka awhab naklupmisid isaredom lebairav iagabes tapad

ihuragnepmem nagnubuh naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep lebairav

nagned nasawagnep naijugneP .haread nagnauek agitek sisetopih gnay

uh padahret takaraysam isapisitrap huragnep ijugnem aratna nagnub

haread nagnauek nasawagnep nagned naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep

takaraysam isapisitrap awhab naklupmisid isaredom lebairav iagabes tapad

epmem ihuragn nagnubuh d nauhategnep lebairav naraggna gnatnet nawe

nagned .haread nagnauek nasawagnep tapmeek sisetopih adap naijugneP gnay

aratna nagnubuh padahret kilbup nakajibek isnarapsnart huragnep ijugnem


08


awhab naklupmisid kilbup nakajibek isnarapsnart isaredom lebairav iagabes

ad gnatnet nawed nauhategnep lebairav nagnubuh ihuragnepmem tap

.haread nagnauek nasawagnep nagned naraggna .

.1 nasawagneP padahret naraggnA gnatnet naweD nauhategneP huragneP

hareaD nagnaueK

auhategnep laisrap araces awhab ,helorepid sisilana lisah nakrasadreB n

nasawagnep padahret nakifingis huragnepreb naraggna gnatnet nawed

padahret atoggna naupmamek takgnit iggnit nikameS .haread nagnauek

lah - padahret nasawagnep akam ,naraggna nagned natiakreb gnay lah

.kiab nikames naka aynnakukalid gnay haread nagnauek

aH helo nakukalid gnay naitilenep gnukudnem ini naitilenep lis

02 ,nomireW ;2002 ,hanapoS tanayroC nad 6002 ,ailatpessoR ;50 .7002 a

upmam naka DRPD awhab )2002( onoduY naitilenep nakrasadreB

kah nakanuggnem - nad sagut nakanaskalem ,tapet araces aynkah

nabijawek araces aynnakududek naktapmenem atres fitkefe araces ayn

pukuc gnay nauhategnep iaynupmem atoggna paites akij lanoisroporp

kilbup nakajibek ,hatniremep naaraggneleynep kinket ispesnok lah malad

.ayniagabes nial nad ukalem malad nakhutubid gnay nauhategneP nak

gnatnet nauhategnep halada aynutas halas haread nagnauek nasawagnep

tapad nawed atoggna nakparahid utigeb nagned anerak ,naraggna

nakrasadreB .naraggna narocobek nad nasorobmep aynada isketednem


18

alupmisek helorepid ,)3002( hanapoS irad naitilenep lisah satilauk awhab n

naka aynikilimid gnay nauhategnep irad rukuid tapad gnay nawed atoggna

nasawagnep nakukalem taas adap aynsusuhk nawed ajrenik ihuragnepmem

.haread nagnauek

natabaj naknignignem gnay gnaro kopmolekes kaynab ini gnarakeS

awed atoggna iagabes ikilimem gnadnapid tubesret natabaj anerak ,n

nagnanesek iracnem kutnu arac iagabes nad takaraysam atam id satilauk

satilauk nakitahrepmem kadit nawed atoggna arap ,ipatet nakA .idabirp

anerak ,akerem irid adap ada aynsurah gnay namalagnep nad nakididnep

d .haread nagnauek nasawagnep malad gnitnep nanarep gnagemem nawe

A gnay nawed atoggn iadamem nad kiab gnay nauhategnep ikilimem

naktakgninem naka naraggna ianegnem malad nawed atoggna arac

( haread nagnauek nasawagnep nakukalem nikames ,)kiab tapad aggnihes

nakatpicnem haread imonoto naknalajnem malad haread nalisahrebek .

.2 huragneP satilibatnukA aratnA nagnubuH padahreT naweD nauhategneP

naraggnA gnatnet nagneD hareaD nagnaueK nasawagneP

awhab ,helorepid sisilana lisah nakrasadreB iagabes satilibatnuka

irav nauhategnep lebairav nagnubuh ihuragnepmem tapad isaredom leba

haread nagnauek nasawagnep nagned naraggna gnatnet nawed ini laH .

kiab nikames satilibatnuka anamid isidnok idajret akij ,nakisaterpretniid tapad

raggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep huragnep akam nasawagnep padahret na

uata hadner nikames satilibatnuka akij ,tauk nikames naka haread nagnauek


28

padahret naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep huragnep akam kiab gnaruk

hamel nikames naka haread nagnauek nasawagnep .

naitilenep gnukudnem ini naitilenep lisaH helo nakukalid gnay

)6002( ailatpessoR antayroC ( 7002 )0102( inayirdnI nad atimarP nad ) .

nakbawajgnuggnatrepmem tapad lebatnuka gnay nahatniremeP

halet gnay nakajibek naanaskalep atres ayad rebmus naalolegnep

nagneD .aynadapek takaraysam helo nakayacrepid isidnok aynada

araces fitukeske kahip helo nakaraggnelesid gnay kiab gnay satilibatnuka

haread nagnauek nasawagnep ,takaraysam adapek tapet nad ,tapec ,akubret

ajrenik ialinem uata isawagnem tuki aguj kilbup anerak takgninem naka

natrep iulaleM .hatniremep tapad takaraysam ,kilbup nabawajgnugg

nataigek nad margorp naanaskalep naiapacnep huaj aparebes ialinem

aynbawajgnuggnat nakanaskalem malad hatniremep .

.3 huragneP takaraysaM isapisitraP nauhategneP aratnA nagnubuH padahreT

gneP nagneD naraggnA gnatnet naweD hareaD nagnaueK nasawa

awhab ,helorepid sisilana lisah nakrasadreB takaraysam isapisitrap

lebairav nagnubuh ihuragnepmem tapad isaredom lebairav iagabes

nagnauek nasawagnep nagned naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep

haread ,nakisaterpretniid tapad ini laH . isapisitrap anamid isidnok idajret akij

gnatnet nawed nauhategnep huragnep akam kiab nikames takaraysam

akij ,tauk nikames naka haread nagnauek nasawagnep padahret naraggna

kiab gnaruk uata hadner nikames takaraysam isapisitrap huragnep akam


38


hamel nikames naka .

nakukalid gnay naitilenep helo gnukudid ini naitilenep irad lisaH

nauhategnep iskaretni awhab naklupmiynem gnay )3002( hanapoS

sapitrap nagned naraggna padahret nakifingis huragnepreb takaraysam i

.nawed nakukalid gnay DBPA nasawagnep

isasilamitpo iulalem nakukalid niales nasawagnep isgnuf nataugneP

kadit nupuam gnusgnal araces takaraysam irad isapisitrap ,DRPD narep

rp malad fitka narepreb aguj gnusgnal nasawagnep naktakgninep seso

nasawagnep malad takaraysam isapisitraP .haread nagnauek padahret

aynaratnaid ,arac aparebeb malad dujuwret tapad haread nagnauek

nad naras nakiapmaynem nad isaripsa apureb isamrofni nakirebmem

wajgnuggnatreb araces ayntapadnep .ba kadit takaraysam isapisitraP

nakukalid numan ,ajas nasawagnep nataigek taas adap nakukalid aynah

mumu nakajibek nad hara nanusuynep nataigek nakukalem nawed kajes

isapisitrap aynada nagneD .DBPA nagned nawed akam ,takaraysam

gnay nauhategnep naupmamek nanigniek pareynem ialum tapad aynikilimid

malad aynnakisasilaerem nad haread nanugnabmep akgnar malad takaraysam

aanacnerep nataigek taas adap aggniheS .DBPA n taas aggnih naanaskalep ,

raneb tapad takaraysam ,DBPA nasawagnep - ab nagned isapisitrapreb raneb ki

naka aguj aynitnan gnay naktakgninem ecnanrevog doog naanaskalep malad

.haread imonoto


48

.4 huragneP isnarapsnarT K nakajibe aratnA nagnubuH padahreT

nagnaueK nasawagneP nagneD naraggnA gnatnet naweD nauhategneP

hareaD

b ,helorepid sisilana lisah nakrasadreB awha nakajibek isnarapsnart

kilbup lebairav nagnubuh ihuragnepmem tapad isaredom lebairav iagabes

nagnauek nasawagnep nagned naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep

haread anamid isidnok idajret akij ,nakisaterpretniid tapad ini laH .

lbup nakajibek isnarapsnart ki nauhategnep huragnep akam kiab nikames

k nasawagnep padahret naraggna gnatnet nawed nikames naka haread nagnaue

kiab alibapa ipatet naka , kilbup nakajibek isnarapsnart uata hadner nikames

ahret naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep huragnep akam kiab gnaruk pad

hamel nikames naka haread nagnauek nasawagnep .

m ini naitilenep lisaH nad )6002( ailatpesoR naitilenep lisah gnukudne

tanayroC akubret araces iuhategnem kutnu kah ikilimem kilbuP .)7002( a

malad hatniremep nabawajgnuggnatrep ianegnem huruleynem nad

egnem kahip adapek takaraysam nakayacrepid halet gnay ayad rebmus alol

.ukalreb gnay narutarep adapek taat akerem huaj aparebes nad fitukeske

tapad akubret nad rujuj araces kilbup adapek isamrofni nairebmeP

o natakgninep malad nalisahrebek naktakgninem ead imonot atoK id har

.napapapkilaB


48

B BA VI

PUTUNEP

ini bab malad akam ,ini ispirks nasilunep irad rihka naigab iagabeS

nad nalupmiseK .naitilenep nasatabretek atres naras ,nalupmisek nakiapmasid

gnay naras nad nalupmisek nakapurem aynrasad adap ini nakiapmasid gnay naras

nakrasadreb taubid halet gnay sisetopih naijugnep nad atad sisilana lisah

nakukalid .

.A nalupmiseK

dreB a tapad akam ,nakukalid halet gnay naitilenep atad sisilana nakras

:tukireb iagabes naklupmisid

.1 H anahredes iserger naijugnep lisa awhab nakkujnunem tapadret huragnep

nakifingis nasawagnep padahret naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep

nagnauek )DBPA( haread B atok id napapkila atoggna awhab nakkujnunem inI .

nawed iradaynem ihuragnepmem naka aynikilimid gnay nauhategnep awhab

uek nasawagnep nakukalem taas adap aynsusuhk nawed ajrenik haread nagna

.)DBPA( helo ikilimid gnay nauhategnep iadamem nad kiab nikameS atoggna

nawed padahret lah - natiakreb gnay lah akam ,naraggna nagned atoggna arac

nakukalem malad nawed nasawagnep haread nagnauek )DBPA( naka nikames

.kiab

.2 P naijugne audek ukalid nagned nak nakanuggnem adnagreb iserger ijU nagned

ialiN gnay kaltuM hisileS nakanugid kutnu v huragnep ijugnem lebaira

.isaredom lisaH naijugnep ini awhab nakkujnunem tapadret huragnep


58

nakifingis satilibatnuka padahret nagnubuh aratna nawed nauhategnep et gnatn

naraggna nagned haread nagnauek nasawagnep )DBPA( . isidnok idajret akiJ

gnatnet nawed nauhategnep huragnep akam kiab nikames satilibatnuka anamid

nagnauek nasawagnep padahret naraggna ipatet ,tauk nikames naka haread

satilibatnuka alibapa ner nikames huragnep akam kiab gnaruk uata had


.hamel nikames naka

.3 agitek naijugneP ijU nagned adnagreb iserger nakanuggnem nagned nakukalid

ragnep ijugnem kutnu nakanugid gnay kaltuM hisileS ialiN lebairav hu

isaredom ini naijugnep lisaH . nakkujnunem huragnep tapadret awhab

takaraysam isapisitrap nagnubuh padahret aratna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep

helo isaredomid gnay )DBPA( haread nagnauek nasawagnep nagned naraggna

takaraysam isapisitrap . ret akiJ takaraysam isapisitrap anamid isidnok idaj

padahret naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep huragnep akam kiab nikames

alibapa ipatet naka ,tauk nikames naka haread nagnauek nasawagnep

huragnep akam kiab gnaruk uata hadner nikames takaraysam isapisitrap

ategnep haread nagnauek nasawagnep padahret naraggna gnatnet nawed nauh

.hamel nikames naka

.4 tapmeek naijugneP nagned adnagreb iserger nakanuggnem nagned nakukalid

lebairav huragnep ijugnem kutnu nakanugid gnay kaltuM hisileS ialiN ijU

naijugnep lisaH .isaredom ni i awhab nakkujnunem huragnep tapadret

kilbup nakajibek isnarapsnart nakifingis nagnubuh padahret aratna



68

)DBPA( . nikames kilbup nakajibek isnarapsnarat anamid isidnok idajret akiJ

kam kiab padahret naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep huragnep a

alibapa ipatet naka ,tauk nikames naka haread nagnauek nasawagnep

huragnep akam kiab gnaruk uata hadner nikames kilbup nakajibek isnarapsnart

auek nasawagnep padahret naraggna gnatnet nawed nauhategnep haread nagn

.hamel nikames naka

.B naitileneP nasatabreteK

.1 34 kaynabes utiay licek fitaler gnay lepmas nakanuggnem ini naitileneP

nad nawed atoggna( lepmas papkilaB atoK hayaliw adap satabret na

naitilenep lisah aggnihes kgnil kutnu isasilarenegid tapad kadit hayaliw pu

.adebreb gnay

.2 ialiN erauqs R detsujdA pukuc kadit gnay ialin ikilimem ledom paites adap

muleb ini naitilenep id ada gnay nednepedni lebairav aggnihes ,raseb

.aynnedneped lebairav naksalejnem pukuc

.3 na nauhategnep huragnep isaredomem gnay lebairaV kuntu nawed atogg

malad satabes aynah ini naitilenep adap haread nagnauek isawagnem

pukgnil ralip gnukudnem gnay amatu ecnanrevog doog ,satilibatnuka utiay

isapisitrap nad isnarapsnart .


78

.C naraS

.1 pmas nakanuggnem asib nakparahid ayntujnales itilenep igaB malad le

nakanugid gnay lepmas aggnihes atok aparebeb uata isnivorp pukgnil

napukac kutnu nakanugid tapad naitilenep lisah nad kaynab hibel fitaler

.saul hibel gnay hayaliw

.2 aparebeb nakgnabmitrepmem asib nakparahid ayntujnales itilenep igaB

pedni lebairav .aynnedneped lebairav naksalejnem hibel asib gnay nedne

.3 adap nakgnabmitrepmem aguj ulrep nikgnum ayntujnales itilenep igaB

atoggna nakididnep gnakaleb ratal nad nalipmaretek ,kitilop nemtimok

ub ,nanipmimepek ayag ,nawed nial nad ,isasinagro ayad - nial gnay

nawed nauhategnep aratna nagnubuh ihuragnepmem tapad aynarikes

haread nagnauek nasawagnep nagned naraggna gnatnet .


88

AKATSUP RATFAD

.7002 .amsI ,atanayroC “ ilibatnukA nad takaraysaM isapisitraP ,sat isnarapsnarT nakajibeK nauhategneP nagnubuH gnitaredomeP iagabes kilbuP naweD agned naraggnA gnatnet )DBPA( hareaD nagnaueK nasawagneP n ”. corP e gnide . A lanoisaN muisopmiS X isnatnuk 1 laH . - .42

.8002 .nalruN ,esiraD hareaD nagnaueK isnatnukA TP :atrakaJ .amatreP isidE . skednI

6002 .mamI ,ilazohG . SSPS margorP nagned tairavitluM sisilanA isakilpA . nadaB :gnarameS .orogenopiD satisrevinU tibreneP

2 .iwD iratseB ,inayadnaH “ .900 naraggnA nanusuyneP isamrofeR huragneP gnarameS atoK DBPA satilauK padahreT .” isnatnukA akimaniD lanruJ . 13 :1 .oN ,1 .loV - .04

,9991 ,omopuS nad orotnairdnI nad isnatnukA kutnu sinsiB naitileneP igolodoteM .nemejanaM :atrakaygoY .amatreP isidE FPB .E

.4002 .otnayigoJ sinsiB naitileneP igolodoteM .amatreP isidE . .idnA :atrakaygoY

.anirK .3002 nad isapisitraP ,isarapsnarT pisnirP rukU talA nad rotakidnI .satilibatnukA oc.ecnanrevogdoog.www//:ptth i. d 2102 iluJ 11 laggnat seskaiD .

dammahuM ,nushaM tsiluS amriF , i .6002 .ahargunawruP .A sutebireH nad ,itawoy kilbuP rotkeS isnatnukA . .EFPB :atrakaygoY

.2002 .omsaidraM kilbuP rotkeS isnatnukA . .idnA :atrakaygoY .audeK isidE

.0102 .inayirdnA nad atimarP “ naweD nauhategneP nagnubuH isanimreteD naraggnA gnatneT hareaD nagnaueK adaP naweD nasawagneP nagneD )DBPA( ”. oisaN muisopmiS lan isnatnukA X III 1 laH . - .73

.8002 .ordniluM ,oyojiwoyneR abaL noN isasinagrO kilbuP rotkeS isnatnukA . atrakaJ .amatreP isidE .aideM anacaW artiM :

.8991 ,aisenodnI kilbupeR moN PRM napateteK gnatnet gnatnet 8991/RPM/VX ro monotO naaraggneleynep naigabmeP ,narutagneP :hareaD i nad nataafnameP rebmuS ,nalidaekreB gnay lanoisaN ayaD atres tasuP nagnaueK nagnabmireP nad hareaD akgnareK malaD arageN aisenodnI kilbupeR nautaseK .


98

.9991 ,_______________ 501 .oN aisenodnI kilbupeR hatniremeP narutareP 9991 nuhat naraggnA nabawajgnuggnatreP nad naalolegneP gnatneT .

.1002 , ______________ eT .1002 nuhaT 47 .oN nediserP nasutupeK ataT gnatn

araC hareaD nahatniremeP naaraggneleyneP .

.4002 ,_______________ gnadnU - nuhaT 33 romoN aisenodnI kilbupeR gnadnU nagnabmireP gnatnet 4002 nad tasup hatniremep aratna nagnaueK haread hatniremep .

.4002 ,_______________ gnadnU - ilbupeR gnadnU nuhaT 23 romoN aisenodnI k

4002 .hareaD hatniremeP gnatnet

.5002 ,_______________ gnadnU - nuhaT 65 romoN aisenodnI kilbupeR gnadnU 5002 hareaD nagnaueK isamrofnI metsiS gnatnet .

.5002 ,_______________ 85 .oN aisenodnI kilbupeR hatniremeP narutareP

uhaT naalolegneP gnatnet 5002 n .hareaD nagnauek

.6002 ,_______________ gnatneT 6002 nuhaT 62 romoN iretneM narutareP namodeP hareaD ajnaleB natapadneP naraggnA nanusuyneP .

.6002 .amiR ,ailatpessoR D nauhategneP huragneP naraggnA gnatneT nawe padahret wagneP nagned hareaD nagnaueK nasa rotaredoM lebairaV isapisitraP kilbuP nakajibeK isnarapsnarT nad takaraysaM . ispirkS . .atrakaygoY ,aisenodnI malsI satisrevinU

.3002 .hanapoS “ agneP nakajibeK isnarapsnarT nad takaraysaM isapisitraP hur Pu kilb gnubuH padahret nauhategneP aratna na naraggnA gnatnet naweD nagned D nagnaueK nasawagneP harea ”. lanoisaN muisopmiS IV isnatnukA 0611 laH . - 3711 .

omotU , iraH .1102 . “ nauhategneP nagnubuH isanimreteD gnatneT naweD nagneD naraggnA nagnaueK adaP naweD nasawagneP hareaD A( )DBP ” . ispirkS . orogenopiD satisrevinU .gnarameS ,

.7002 .rizaN damahoM nad ilazohG mamI ,nosmiS ,nomireW “ huragneP padahreT kilbuP nakajibeK isnarapsnarT nad takaraysaM isapisitraP nagneD naraggnA gnatneT naweD nauhategneP aratnA nagnubuH K nasawagneP )DBPA( hareaD nagnaue ” . isnatnukA lanoisaN muisopmiS X 1 laH . - .33


NARIPMAL


09

I naripmaL

renoiseuK

,takaraysaM isapisitraP ,satilibatnukA huragneP : ispirkS luduJ naweD nauhategneP aratnA nagnubuH padahreT kilbuP isnarapsnarT

hareaD nagnaueK nasawagneP nagneD naraggnA gnatneT )DBPA(

NAAYNATREP RATFAD

: NEDNOPSER SATITNEDI

ireB :iauses paggna araduaS gnay nabawaj adap )×( gnalis adnat nak

nimaleK sineJ : airP .a .b atinaW

aisU : 12 .a - nuhat 53 63 .b - nuhat 54

nuhat 64 > .c

rihkareT nakididneP :

� tajaredeS/ATLS � ID � 3D 2D � 4D

� 1S � 2S � 3S �- aynniaL ... ....................

: naisigneP kujnuteP

gnalis adnat nakireB )×( nay nabawaj fitanrela molok adap kutnu ,aidesret halet g

nabawaj gnay .adnA ispesrep turunem tapet gnilap

eK : nagnaret

)1 rokS( ujuteS kadiT tagnaS : STS

ST )2 rokS( ujuteS kadiT :

N )3 rokS( larteN :

S )4 rokS( ujuteS :

SS )5 rokS( ujuteS tagnaS :


19

NAUHATEGNEP NARAGGNA GNATNET NAWED

:KUJNUTEP anegnem i/araduaS/ubI/kapaB ispesrep atnimem ini naigaB lah i - lah gnay naraggna gnatnet i/araduaS/ubI/kapaB nauhategnep tiakret .haread hatniremep utiay fitukeske agabmel helo nususid naknalajnem kutnu nakduskamid naraggna gnatnet nauhategneP

.)DBPA( haread nagnauek isawagnem malad nawed isgnuf

.oN NAAYNATREP )1( STS

)2( ST

)3( N

)4( S

)5( SS

.1 ayaS gnatnet nauhategnep ikilimem

DBPA nanusuynep

.2 ayaS gnatnet nauhategnep ikilimem

DBPA naanaskalep helo nakukalid gnayfitukeske

.3 ayaS kutnu nauhategnep ikilimem

ad narocobek aynidajret isketednem mal DBPA naanaskalep

.4 ayaS kutnu nauhategnep ikilimem

nad nasorobmep aynidajret isketednem .DBPA naanaskalep malad nalagagek

SATILIBATNUKA : KUJNUTEP naataynreP - nauhategnep nagned natiakreb ini tukireb naataynrep

ales i/araduaS/ubI/kapaB gnatnet fitalsigel nawed atoggna uk fitukeske agabmel helo nakukalid gnay satilibatnuka utiay

haread hatniremep .

No. NAAYNATREP )1( STS

)2( ST

)3( N

)4( S

)5( SS

.1 mumU nakajibeK harA nad adartsneR malad rasad nakapurem DBPA )UKA(

DBPA nanusuynep

.2

naropalep nakapurem satilibatnukA ,nagnauek halasam nabawajgnuggnatrep

raneb gnay taafnam nad ,lisah - ranebtakaraysam nakasarid nakijasid nad

takaraysm adapek tapet nad tapec araces


29

.3

iuhategnem ulrep nawed atoggnArudesorp lanoisarepo radnats

gnay PIKAL nanusuynep satilibatnukanususid helo haread hatniremep

.4 kutnu nakanugid halet ajrenik rotakidnI

DBPA isaulavegnem

.5 nabawajgnuggnatrep nad naanaskaleP

eunitnok araces isawa id DBPA

.6 nakatreynem surah DBPA naijayneP

fni )aynmulebes( ulal asam asam isamro

.7 ,DBPA isaulavegnem malaD

nagned naraggna nakgnidnabrepmemaynisasilaer

TAKARAYSAM ISAPISITRAP

: KUJNUTEP esrep atnimem ini naigaB naataynreP i/araduaS/ubI/kapaB isp

gnatnet lid gnay takaraysam isapisitrap agabmel nakuka

nagnauek nakajibek nad hara nanusuynem malad fitukeske

.)DBPA( haread


)2( ST

)3( N

)4( S

)5( SS

.1 nakajibek nad hara nanusuynep malaD

naktabilem ulales DBPA mumu takaraysam

.2 lales DBPA anacner nad satiroirP u

kitirk nad nalusu nakgnabmitrepmem .takaraysam

.3 isapisitrapreb ini amales takaraysaM

naraggna isakovda malad fitka

.4 takaraysam isapisitrap ayas igaB

nusuynem akgnar malad rasad idajnemDBPA

.5

aratna isamrifnok nad isatlusnok malaD natiakreb haread hatniremep nad nawed

ulales ,DBPA nagnacnar nagned .takaraysam naktabilem


39

.6 naktabilid ulales ini amales takaraysaM

gnatnet kilbup isatlusnok malad DBPA naanaskalep

.7 ulales takaraysam naras nad kitirK

d nakusam nakidajid nakulalem mala.DBPA isiver

.8

adapek isasilaisos naanaskaleP nahaburep idajret akij ,takaraysam

nagned natiakreb gnay nakajibek .DBPA

.9 nagned nawed aratna ini amaleS

gnay isakinumok idajret takaraysamsigrenis

KILBUP ISNARAPSNART

P : KUJNUTE tiakret i/araduaS/ubI/kapaB ispesrep atnimem ini naigaB

fitukeske agabmel nakukalid gnay kilbup nakajibek isnarapsnart

isaulave nad naropalep aggnih ,naanaskalep ,nanusuynep tiakret

.naraggna


)2( ST

)3( N

)4( S

)5( SS

.1

S ulales haread hatniremep ini amalelah gnatnet isamrofni nakirebmem - lah

nakajibek nagned natiakreb gnay aynnususid halet gnay naraggna

.2 kutnu natilusek ada kadit ,ayas igaB gnatnet kilbup nemukod seskagnem

anerak ,naraggna kadit itarkorib ulalret s

.3 tapet ulales hatniremep ini amaleS

naropaL nakiapmaynem malad utkaw .nabawajgnuggnatreP

.4

ulales takaraysam nalusu ini amaleS naraggna nusuynep malad isadomokaid

hibel gnay isarapsnart iapacnem anug .kiab

.5 nemukod ini amaleS - od gnay nemuk


49

naraggna nakajibek nagned natiakreb tapad hatniremep helo nususid gnay

helorepid uata seskaid hadum nagned .takaraysam

.6 isnarapsnart nakajibek ayas igaB

nad isadomokagnem tapad naraggnataykar nalusu/araus naktakgninem

.7

aynadA isamrofni nairebmep metsis tapad ayas igab kilbup adapek

isnarapsnart nakajibek naktakgninemnaraggna

HAREAD NAGNAUEK NASAWAGNEP

: KUJNUTEP i/araduaS/ubI/kapaB nauhategnep nad ispesrep atnimem ini naigaB

nuf naknalajnem malad fitalsigel nawed ukales aynfitalsigel isg

utiay )DBPA( haread nagnauek padahret nasawagnep


)2( ST

)3( N

)4( S

)5( SS

.1 tabilret ayaS malad nakirebmem

taas nakusam nad hara nanusuynep DBPA mumu nakajibek

.2 nakukal ayas kitilop sisilanA malad

sorp DBPA nanusuynep se

.3 DBPA nahasegnep malad tabilret ayaS

.4 DBPA nahasegnep asarem ayaS halet

sasa ihunemem isarapsnart

.5 ayaS naksalejnem naupmamek ikilimem

halet gnay DBPA nakhasid .

.6 nakukalem fitka ayaS isaulave padahret

gnay nabawajgnuggnatreP naropaL nususid fitukeske helo .

.7 gnay isaulavE nakukal ayas pukacnem

nasala - gnorodnem gnay nasalaA isiver aynlubmit naraggn .

.8 ayaS natiakreb nagnaretek atnimem


59

nabawajgnuggnatreP naropaL nagnedsid gnay DBPA )JPL( nakiapma

atokilaW/itapuB

.9

nad tusugnem ulales naweD atoggnA nalaggnajek idajret akij itujnalkadninem

nabawajgnuggnatreP naropaL malad DBPA )JPL(

.01

,DBPA JPL malad nalaggnajek ada akiJ anerak nakbabesid aynah nakub

em malad natamreckaditek gnutihgnnaraggna aton

.11 malad tabilret ayaS uatnamemDBPA naanaskalep

.21

kutnu kah nakanuggnem fitka ayaS kadit akij itapuB/atokilaW JPL kalonem

nad ajrenik radnats nagned iauses.nakpatetid halet gnay ajrenik rotakidni

hisaK amireT


69

nednopseR nabawaJ ratfaD

X( naraggnA gnatneT naweD nauhategneP ianegneM nabawaJ .1 lebaT 1) oN 1.1X 2.1X 3.1X 4.1X ataR - atar

1 4 5 4 4 52,4 2 5 5 4 4 05,4 3 5 5 4 4 05,4 4 4 3 4 4 57,3 5 4 4 3 4 57,3 6 4 4 3 3 05,3 7 4 4 4 4 00,4 8 3 3 2 2 05,2 9 4 4 4 4 00,4 01 3 3 3 2 57,2 11 4 4 4 5 52,4 21 4 4 3 5 00,4 31 5 5 4 4 05,4 41 5 4 3 3 57,3 51 4 4 4 4 00,4 61 4 5 4 4 52,4 71 4 4 4 5 52,4 81 5 4 3 3 57,3 91 4 4 4 4 00,4 02 4 4 4 4 00,4 12 4 4 4 3 57,3 22 4 4 3 4 57,3 32 4 4 4 4 00,4 42 5 5 3 3 00,4 52 4 4 4 4 00,4 62 5 5 5 5 00,5 72 5 5 4 4 05,4 82 5 4 4 4 52,4 92 5 4 4 4 52,4 03 4 4 4 4 00,4 13 5 5 5 5 00,5 23 5 4 5 5 57,4 33 5 5 4 5 57,4 43 4 4 4 3 57,3 53 4 4 4 3 57,3 63 5 5 4 4 05,4 73 5 5 5 5 00,5 83 4 4 4 4 00,4 93 4 3 4 4 57,3 04 5 5 4 4 05,4 14 5 5 3 3 00,4 24 4 3 4 3 05,3 34 4 4 3 4 57,3


79

ianegneM nabawaJ .2 lebaT satilibatnukA X( 2) oN 1.2X 2.2X 3.2X 4.2X 5.2X 6.2X 7.2X ataR - atar

1 4 5 5 4 4 3 3 00,4 2 4 4 3 3 4 3 4 75,3 3 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 41,4 4 5 4 4 4 4 3 4 00,4 5 5 3 4 4 4 4 4 00,4 6 5 3 3 3 4 4 5 68,3 7 4 4 5 3 3 3 4 17,3 8 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 68,3 9 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 41,4 01 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 17,3 11 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 75,2 21 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 75,3 31 4 4 5 3 3 3 5 68,3 41 5 5 5 4 3 3 4 41,4 51 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 41,4 61 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 92,4 71 4 4 5 4 3 3 4 68,3 81 5 4 4 3 4 3 4 68,3 91 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 41,4 02 4 4 4 5 4 5 4 92,4 12 5 4 4 3 3 3 3 75,3 22 4 4 4 5 4 3 4 00,4 32 4 5 5 5 2 3 4 00,4 42 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 68,4 52 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 17,3 62 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 75,4 72 5 4 4 5 4 4 5 34,4 82 5 5 4 4 4 3 4 41,4 92 5 5 4 4 3 3 5 41,4 03 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 34,3 13 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 17,4 23 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 68,4 33 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 68,4 43 5 5 4 5 3 3 5 92,4 53 5 5 4 5 3 3 5 92,4 63 4 4 4 3 3 3 5 17,3 73 5 5 5 4 3 3 4 41,4 83 4 5 4 4 4 3 4 00,4 93 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 68,3 04 4 4 4 5 4 3 4 00,4 14 5 4 4 4 4 3 4 00,4 24 5 3 4 4 4 4 4 00,4 34 5 3 3 3 4 4 5 68,3


89

ianegneM nabawaJ .3 lebaT X( takaraysaM isapisitraP 3)

oN 1.3X 2.3X 3.3X 4.3X 5.3X 6.3X 7.3X 8.3X 9.3X ataR -

atar 1 4 5 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 33,4 2 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 5 6,3 7 3 4 3 3 4 5 3 4 4 4 87,3 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 22,4 5 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 44,3 6 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 00,4 7 5 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 98,3 8 4 5 4 3 4 4 3 5 4 00,4 9 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 00,4 01 3 3 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 98,3 11 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 76,3 21 5 4 4 4 5 3 4 4 4 11,4 31 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 3 4 11,4 41 5 4 5 4 5 5 4 4 5 65,4 51 4 5 4 4 3 3 5 5 4 11,4 61 5 4 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 65,4 71 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 11,4 81 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 5 4 44,4 91 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 98,3 02 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 87,3 12 3 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 22,3 22 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 4 87,3 32 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 00,4 42 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 87,4 52 3 2 3 3 2 4 3 3 3 98,2 62 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 98,4 72 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 98,4 82 5 4 3 4 5 5 5 5 4 44,4 92 5 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 87,3 03 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 87,3 13 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 98,4 23 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 00,5 33 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 76,4 43 4 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 76,4 53 5 4 5 5 5 3 5 5 4 65,4 63 5 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 00,4 73 5 5 5 4 5 5 4 5 5 87,4 83 4 5 4 4 3 3 5 5 4 11,4 93 5 3 3 3 5 4 5 5 5 22,4 04 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 00,4 14 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 00,4 24 5 5 4 4 2 4 2 5 4 98,3 34 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 87,3


99

ianegneM nabawaJ .4 lebaT X( kilbuP isnarapsnarT 4) oN 1.4X 2.4X 3.4X 4.4X 5.4X 6.4X 7.4X ataR - atar

1 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 34,3 2 4 4 3 3 4 3 4 75,3 3 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 41,4 4 5 4 4 4 4 3 4 00,4 5 5 3 4 4 4 4 4 00,4 6 5 3 3 3 4 4 5 68,3 7 4 4 5 3 4 3 4 68,3 8 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 68,3 9 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 41,4 01 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 68,3 11 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 68,2 21 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 68,3 31 4 4 5 3 4 3 5 00,4 41 5 5 5 4 4 3 4 92,4 51 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 41,4 61 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 92,4 71 4 4 5 4 4 3 4 00,4 81 5 4 4 3 4 3 4 68,3 91 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 41,4 02 4 4 4 5 4 5 4 92,4 12 5 4 4 3 3 3 3 75,3 22 4 4 4 5 4 3 4 00,4 32 4 5 5 5 3 3 4 41,4 42 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 17,4 52 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 17,3 62 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 75,4 72 5 4 4 5 4 4 5 34,4 82 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 92,4 92 4 4 4 4 3 3 5 68,3 03 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 34,3 13 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 17,4 23 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 68,4 33 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 68,4 43 5 5 4 5 3 3 5 92,4 53 5 5 4 5 4 3 5 34,4 63 4 4 4 3 4 3 5 68,3 73 5 5 5 4 4 3 4 92,4 83 4 5 4 4 4 3 4 00,4 93 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 68,3 04 4 4 4 5 4 3 4 00,4 14 5 4 4 4 3 3 4 68,3 24 5 3 4 4 4 4 4 00,4 34 5 4 3 3 4 4 5 00,4


001

)Y( hareaD nagnaueK nasawagneP ianegneM nabawaJ .5 lebaT

oN 1.Y 2.Y 3.Y 4.Y 5.Y 6.Y 7.Y 8.Y 9.Y 01.Y 11.Y 21.Y ataR -atar

1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 29,3 2 3 5 4 2 4 4 4 3 4 5 4 4 38,3 3 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 5 4 5 5 24,4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 00,4 5 3 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 24,3 6 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 38,3 7 4 5 4 5 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 76,3 8 3 3 4 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 29,2 9 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 3 00,4 01 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 76,3 11 5 4 5 3 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 85,4 21 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 85,3 31 5 4 4 4 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 85,4 41 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 00,5 51 4 5 4 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 52,4 61 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 24,4 71 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 5 33,4 81 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 57,3 91 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 38,3 02 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 00,4 12 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 76,3 22 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 3 85,3 32 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 29,3 42 5 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 57,4 52 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 57,3 62 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 29,4 72 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 29,4 82 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 38,4 92 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 3 76,4 03 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 29,3 13 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 3 76,4 23 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 29,4 33 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 00,5 43 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 3 57,4 53 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 4 38,4 63 5 4 4 4 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 4 05,4 73 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 38,4 83 4 5 4 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 52,4 93 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 29,3 04 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 5 4 4 00,4 14 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 5 4 5 3 52,4 24 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 00,4 34 3 2 4 3 3 4 2 3 4 4 2 2 00,3


101

II naripmaL SSPS tuptuO lisaH

ytilibaileR

:elacS LLA SELBAIRAV

C yrammuS gnissecorP esa

N %

sesaC dilaV 34 0.001

dedulcxE a 0 0.

latoT 34 0.001

.erudecorp eht ni selbairav lla no desab noiteled esiwtsiL .a

scitsitatS ytilibaileR

ahplA s'hcabnorC

no desaB ahplA s'hcabnorC

smetI dezidradnatS smetI fo N

777. . 387 4

metI - scitsitatS latoT

fi naeM elacS

deteleD metI

fi ecnairaV elacS

deteleD metI

metI detcerroC -

noitalerroC latoT

elpitluM derauqS

noitalerroC

s'hcabnorC

metI fi ahplA

deteleD

1.1X 19.11 856.2 795. 425. 027.

2.1X 50.21 225.2 775. 125. 527.

.1X 3 44.21 835.2 585. 844. 227.

4.1X 73.21 291.2 885. 854. 827.


201

ytilibaileR


yrammuS gnissecorP esaC

N %


dedulcxE a 0 0.

latoT 34 0.001



s'hcabnorC

ahplA

desaB ahplA s'hcabnorC

smetI dezidradnatS no smetI fo N

227. 817. 7


fi naeM elacS

deteleD metI

fi ecnairaV elacS

deteleD metI

metI detcerroC -

noitalerroC latoT

elpitluM derauqS

italerroC no

s'hcabnorC

metI fi ahplA

deteleD

1.2X 47.32 917.6 434. 192. 196.

2.2X 89.32 661.6 614. 415. 596.

3.2X 00.42 425.6 614. 454. 396.

4.2X 61.42 781.5 366. 184. 026.

5.2X 94.42 153.6 193. 284. 007.

6.2X 07.42 945.6 304. 905. 696.

7.2X 50.42 309.6 313. 942. 617.


301

ytilibaileR



N %


dedulcxE a 0 0.

latoT 34 0.001



s'hcabnorC

ahplA

s'hcabnorC desaB ahplA

smetI dezidradnatS no smetI fo N

048. 648. 9


fi naeM elacS

deteleD metI

fi ecnairaV elacS

deteleD metI

metI detcerroC -

noitalerroC latoT

elpitluM derauqS

noitalerroC

s'hcabnorC

metI fi ahplA

deteleD

1.3X 18.23 551.41 195. 374. 028.

2.3X 50.33 558.31 535. 415. 628.

3.3X 21.33 918.41 084. 292. 138.

4.3X 12.33 961.41 215. 633. 828.

5.3X 89.23 412.41 464. 393. 438.

6.3X 21.33 435.41 074. 913. 238.

7.3X 61.33 873.31 475. 794. 228.

8.3X 19.23 515.31 286. 146. 018.

X 9.3 59.23 390.41 137. 716. 018.


401

ytilibaileR



N %


dedulcxE a 0 0.

latoT 34 0.001



'hcabnorC s

ahplA

no desaB ahplA s'hcabnorC

smetI dezidradnatS smetI fo N

827. 427. 7


fi naeM elacS

deteleD metI

fi ecnairaV elacS

deteleD metI

metI detcerroC -

noitalerroC latoT

elpitluM derauqS

noitalerroC

s'hcabnorC

metI fi ahplA

deteleD

1.4X 39.32 429.5 814. 542. 207.

2.4X 91.42 060.5 835. 854. 176.

3.4X 91.42 635.5 984. 004. 586.

4.4X 03.42 388.4 365. 124. 366.

5.4X 44.42 003.6 233. 492. 917.

6.4X 48.42 957.5 683. 583. 907.

7.4X 12.42 139.5 453. 332. 617.


501

ytilibaileR

elacS : LLA SELBAIRAV


N %


dedulcxE a 0 0.

latoT 34 0.001



s'hcabnorC

ahplA

desaB ahplA s'hcabnorC

smetI dezidradnatS no N smetI fo

629. 339. 21


fi naeM elacS

deteleD metI

fi ecnairaV elacS

deteleD metI

metI detcerroC -

noitalerroC latoT

elpitluM derauqS

noitalerroC

s'hcabnorC

metI fi ahplA

deteleD

1.Y 00.64 674.43 638. 038. 419.

2.Y 59.54 708.63 4. 46 355. 039.

3.Y 48.54 290.73 667. 307. 029.

4.Y 21.64 842.43 336. 616. 429.

5.Y 59.54 067.43 868. 428. 419.

6.Y 90.64 772.73 065. 634. 529.

7.Y 00.64 758.43 587. 607. 619.

8.Y 90.64 922.53 616. 274. 429.

9.Y 68.54 812.63 717. 927. 029.

01.Y 18.54 884.53 657. 108. 819.

11.Y 39.54 261.33 488. 728. 119.

21.Y 04.64 119.43 385. 414. 629.


601

raPN stseT

enO - vorogomloK elpmaS - tseT vonrimS

nauhatagneP

gnatneT naweD

naraggnA

nasawagneP

nagnaueK

hareaD

N 34 34

sretemaraP lamroN a naeM 0460.4 6281.4

tS noitaiveD .d 91605. 86835.

secnereffiD emertxE tsoM etulosbA 571. 441.

evitisoP 551. 441.

evitageN - 571. - 690.

vorogomloK - Z vonrimS 441.1 649.

2( .giS .pmysA - )deliat 641. 233.

.lamroN si noitubirtsid tseT .a

raPN stseT

enO - vorogomloK elpmaS -S tseT vonrim

nauhategnePZ

gnatneT naweD

naraggnA

satilibatnukAZ TKA_ATDPsbA

nasawagneP

nagnaueK

hareaD

N 34 34 34 34

lamroN

sretemaraP a

naeM 0000000. 0000000. 7938. 6281.4

noitaiveD .dtS 00000000.1 00000000.1 22187. 86835.

emertxE tsoM

secnereffiD

bA etulos 571. 951. 581. 441.

evitisoP 551. 951. 581. 441.

evitageN - 571. - 331. - 061. - 690.

vorogomloK - Z vonrimS 441.1 040.1 512.1 649.

2( .giS .pmysA - )deliat 641. 922. 401. 233.



701

raPN stseT

enO - vorogomloK elpmaS - tseT vonrimS

nauhategnePZ

gnatneT naweD

naraggnA

isapisitraPZ

takaraysaM MP_ATDPsbA

nasawagneP

nagnaueK

hareaD

N 34 34 34 34

lamroN

sretemaraP a

naeM 0000000. 0000000. 1248. 6281.4

noitaiveD .dtS 00000000.1 00000000.1 40007. 86835.

emertxE tsoM

ffiD secnere

etulosbA 571. 541. 331. 441.

evitisoP 551. 541. 331. 441.

evitageN - 571. - 011. - 331. - 690.

vorogomloK - Z vonrimS 441.1 059. 278. 649.

2( .giS .pmysA - )deliat 641. 823. 334. 233.


raPN stseT

enO - K elpmaS vorogomlo - tseT vonrimS

nauhategnePZ

gnatneT naweD

naraggnA

isnarapsnarTZ

nakajibeK kilbuP

_ATDPsbA

PKT

nasawagneP

nagnaueK

hareaD

N 34 34 34 34

lamroN

sretemaraP a

naeM 0000000. 0000000. 8968. 6281.4

noitaiveD .dtS 00000000.1 00000000.1 82047. 86835.

M emertxE tso

secnereffiD

etulosbA 571. 171. 981. 441.

evitisoP 551. 431. 981. 441.

evitageN - 571. - 171. - 231. - 690.

vorogomloK - Z vonrimS 441.1 321.1 242.1 649.

2( .giS .pmysA - )deliat 641. 061. 190. 233.



801

deksoreteH satisitsa

stneiciffeoC a

ledoM



t .giS B rorrE .dtS ateB

2 )tnatsnoC( 522. 850. 019.3 000.

naweD nauhategnePZnaraggnA gnatneT

- 430. 040. - 151. - 858. 693.

satilibatnukAZ - 700. 730. - 920. - 671. 168.

TKA_ATDPsbA 750. 550. 671. 030.1 013.

1seRsbA :elbairaV tnednepeD .a

stneiciffeoC a

ledoM




3 )tnatsnoC( 802. 940. 912.4 000.

naweD nauhategnePZaraggnA gnatneT n - 130. 530. - 061. - 688. 183.

takaraysaM isapisitraPZ 920. 230. 451. 809. 073.

MP_ATDPsbA 140. 740. 051. 078. 983.


stneiciffeoC a

ledoM




4 )tnatsnoC( 722. 250. 373.4 000.

naweD nauhategnePZnaraggnA gnatneT - 430. 430. - 361. - 889. 923.

kilbuP isnarapsnarTZ 700. 630. 330. 781. 358.

PKT_ATDPsbA 940. 840. 871. 930.1 503.



901

noissergeR

etnE selbairaV devomeR/der b

ledoM deretnE selbairaV devomeR selbairaV dohteM

1 naraggnA gnatneT naweD nauhategneP a . retnE

.deretne selbairav detseuqer llA .a

hareaD nagnaueK nasawagneP :elbairaV tnednepeD .b

yrammuS ledoM

ledoM R erauqS R erauqS R detsujdA .dtS etamitsE eht fo rorrE

1 836. a 704. 393. 77914.

naraggnA gnatneT naweD nauhategneP ,)tnatsnoC( :srotciderP .a

AVONA b

ledoM serauqS fo muS fd erauqS naeM F .giS

1 noissergeR 369.4 1 369.4 461.82 000. a

laudiseR 522.7 14 671.

latoT 781.21 24

.a naraggnA gnatneT naweD nauhategneP ,)tnatsnoC( :srotciderP


stneiciffeoC a

ledoM

dezidradnatsnU

stneiciffeoC

dezidradnatS

stneiciffeoC


1 )tnatsnoC( 324.1 425. 617.2 010.

naweD nauhategneP

naraggnA gnatneT 976. 821. 836. 703.5 000.

hareaD nagnaueK nasawagneP :elbairaV tnednepeD .a


011

noissergeR

devomeR/deretnE selbairaV b


2 TKA_ATDPsbA naweD nauhategnePZ ,

gnatneT satilibatnukAZ ,naraggnA a . retnE



yrammuS ledoM

ledoM R erauqS R erauqS R detsujdA etamitsE eht fo rorrE .dtS

2 057. a 265. 825. 39963.

.a ,)tnatsnoC( :srotciderP TKA_ATDPsbA ,naraggnA gnatneT naweD nauhategnePZ ,

satilibatnukAZ

AVONA b


2 noissergeR 058.6 3 382.2 686.61 000. a

laudiseR 733.5 93 731.

latoT 781.21 24

,)tnatsnoC( :srotciderP .a TKA_ATDPsbA ategnePZ , satilibatnukAZ ,naraggnA gnatneT naweD nauh


stneiciffeoC a

ledoM

dezidradnatsnU

stneiciffeoC

dezidradnatS

stneiciffeoC

t .giS

ytiraenilloC

scitsitatS

B rorrE .dtS ateB ecnareloT FIV

2 )tnatsnoC( 4 510. 980. 053.54 000.

naweD nauhategnePZ

naraggnA gnatneT 592. 160. 845. 468.4 000. 688. 821.1

satilibatnukAZ 432. 660. 434. 735.3 100. 547. 343.1

TKA_ATDPsbA 002. 180. 092. 164.2 810. 908. 632.1



111

noissergeR



3 MP_ATDPsbA ,takaraysaM isapisitraPZ ,

naraggnA gnatneT naweD nauhategnePZ a . retnE


agnaueK nasawagneP :elbairaV tnednepeD .b hareaD n

yrammuS ledoM

ledoM R erauqS R erauqS R detsujdA etamitsE eht fo rorrE .dtS

3 718. a 766. 146. 76223.

MP_ATDPsbA ,)tnatsnoC( :srotciderP .a gnatneT naweD nauhategnePZ ,takaraysaM isapisitraPZ ,

naraggnA

AVONA b

ledoM serauqS fo muS fd qS naeM erau F .giS

3 noissergeR 721.8 3 907.2 810.62 000. a

laudiseR 160.4 93 401.

latoT 781.21 24

MP_ATDPsbA ,)tnatsnoC( :srotciderP .a gnatneT naweD nauhategnePZ ,takaraysaM isapisitraPZ ,

naraggnA


stneiciffeoC a

ledoM



t .giS

ytiraenilloCscitsitatS


3 )tnatsnoC( 610.4 380. 754.84 000. naweD nauhategnePZ

naraggnA gnatneT 292. 850. 245. 620.5 000. 637. 53.1 9

takaraysaM isapisitraPZ 382. 550. 525. 581.5 000. 438. 002.1

MP_ATDPsbA 791. 970. 752. 394.2 710. 608. 042.1



211

noissergeR



4 PKT_ATDPsbA gnatneT naweD nauhategnePZ ,

isnarapsnarTZ ,naraggnA nakajibeK kilbuP a . retnE



yrammuS ledoM

ledoM R erauqS R erauqS R detsujdA tsE eht fo rorrE .dtS etami

4 277. a 695. 565. 63553.

PKT_ATDPsbA ,)tnatsnoC( :srotciderP .a isnarapsnarTZ ,naraggnA gnatneT naweD nauhategnePZ ,

nakajibeK kilbuP

AVONA b


4 noissergeR 262.7 3 124.2 961.91 000. a

laudiseR 529.4 93 . 621

latoT 781.21 24

PKT_ATDPsbA ,)tnatsnoC( :srotciderP .a isnarapsnarTZ ,naraggnA gnatneT naweD nauhategnePZ ,

nakajibeK kilbuP


stneiciffeoC a

ledoM


dezidradnatSeoC stneiciff

t .giS

ytiraenilloCscitsitatS


4 )tnatsnoC( 489.3 980. 625.44 000. naweD nauhategnePZ

naraggnA gnatneT 692. 950. 945. 250.5 000. 778. 141.1

Zt isnarapsnar nakajibeK kilbuP 352. 360. 074. 730.4 000. 367. 013.1

PKT_ATDPsbA 822. 280. 313. 387.2 800. 918. 222.1



Diproduksi oleh: Junaidi (http://junaidichaniago.wordpress.com). 2010 Page 1

Tabel r untuk df = 1 - 50

df = (N-2)

Tingkat signifikansi untuk uji satu arah

0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005 0.0005

Tingkat signifikansi untuk uji dua arah

0.1 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.001

1 0.9877 0.9969 0.9995 0.9999 1.0000

2 0.9000 0.9500 0.9800 0.9900 0.9990

3 0.8054 0.8783 0.9343 0.9587 0.9911

4 0.7293 0.8114 0.8822 0.9172 0.9741

5 0.6694 0.7545 0.8329 0.8745 0.9509

6 0.6215 0.7067 0.7887 0.8343 0.9249

7 0.5822 0.6664 0.7498 0.7977 0.8983

8 0.5494 0.6319 0.7155 0.7646 0.8721

9 0.5214 0.6021 0.6851 0.7348 0.8470

10 0.4973 0.5760 0.6581 0.7079 0.8233

11 0.4762 0.5529 0.6339 0.6835 0.8010

12 0.4575 0.5324 0.6120 0.6614 0.7800

13 0.4409 0.5140 0.5923 0.6411 0.7604

14 0.4259 0.4973 0.5742 0.6226 0.7419

15 0.4124 0.4821 0.5577 0.6055 0.7247

16 0.4000 0.4683 0.5425 0.5897 0.7084

17 0.3887 0.4555 0.5285 0.5751 0.6932

18 0.3783 0.4438 0.5155 0.5614 0.6788

19 0.3687 0.4329 0.5034 0.5487 0.6652

20 0.3598 0.4227 0.4921 0.5368 0.6524

21 0.3515 0.4132 0.4815 0.5256 0.6402

22 0.3438 0.4044 0.4716 0.5151 0.6287

23 0.3365 0.3961 0.4622 0.5052 0.6178

24 0.3297 0.3882 0.4534 0.4958 0.6074

25 0.3233 0.3809 0.4451 0.4869 0.5974

26 0.3172 0.3739 0.4372 0.4785 0.5880

27 0.3115 0.3673 0.4297 0.4705 0.5790

28 0.3061 0.3610 0.4226 0.4629 0.5703

29 0.3009 0.3550 0.4158 0.4556 0.5620

30 0.2960 0.3494 0.4093 0.4487 0.5541

31 0.2913 0.3440 0.4032 0.4421 0.5465

32 0.2869 0.3388 0.3972 0.4357 0.5392

33 0.2826 0.3338 0.3916 0.4296 0.5322

34 0.2785 0.3291 0.3862 0.4238 0.5254

35 0.2746 0.3246 0.3810 0.4182 0.5189

36 0.2709 0.3202 0.3760 0.4128 0.5126

37 0.2673 0.3160 0.3712 0.4076 0.5066

38 0.2638 0.3120 0.3665 0.4026 0.5007

39 0.2605 0.3081 0.3621 0.3978 0.4950

40 0.2573 0.3044 0.3578 0.3932 0.4896

41 0.2542 0.3008 0.3536 0.3887 0.4843

42 0.2512 0.2973 0.3496 0.3843 0.4791

43 0.2483 0.2940 0.3457 0.3801 0.4742

44 0.2455 0.2907 0.3420 0.3761 0.4694

45 0.2429 0.2876 0.3384 0.3721 0.4647

46 0.2403 0.2845 0.3348 0.3683 0.4601

47 0.2377 0.2816 0.3314 0.3646 0.4557

48 0.2353 0.2787 0.3281 0.3610 0.4514

49 0.2329 0.2759 0.3249 0.3575 0.4473

50 0.2306 0.2732 0.3218 0.3542 0.4432


Diproduksi oleh: Junaidi (http://junaidichaniago.wordpress.com), 2010 Page 1

Titik Persentase Distribusi t (df = 1 – 40)

Pr 0.25 0.10 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005 0.001

df 0.50 0.20 0.10 0.050 0.02 0.010 0.002

1 1.00000 3.07768 6.31375 12.70620 31.82052 63.65674 318.30884

2 0.81650 1.88562 2.91999 4.30265 6.96456 9.92484 22.32712

3 0.76489 1.63774 2.35336 3.18245 4.54070 5.84091 10.21453

4 0.74070 1.53321 2.13185 2.77645 3.74695 4.60409 7.17318

5 0.72669 1.47588 2.01505 2.57058 3.36493 4.03214 5.89343

6 0.71756 1.43976 1.94318 2.44691 3.14267 3.70743 5.20763

7 0.71114 1.41492 1.89458 2.36462 2.99795 3.49948 4.78529

8 0.70639 1.39682 1.85955 2.30600 2.89646 3.35539 4.50079

9 0.70272 1.38303 1.83311 2.26216 2.82144 3.24984 4.29681

10 0.69981 1.37218 1.81246 2.22814 2.76377 3.16927 4.14370

11 0.69745 1.36343 1.79588 2.20099 2.71808 3.10581 4.02470

12 0.69548 1.35622 1.78229 2.17881 2.68100 3.05454 3.92963

13 0.69383 1.35017 1.77093 2.16037 2.65031 3.01228 3.85198

14 0.69242 1.34503 1.76131 2.14479 2.62449 2.97684 3.78739

15 0.69120 1.34061 1.75305 2.13145 2.60248 2.94671 3.73283

16 0.69013 1.33676 1.74588 2.11991 2.58349 2.92078 3.68615

17 0.68920 1.33338 1.73961 2.10982 2.56693 2.89823 3.64577

18 0.68836 1.33039 1.73406 2.10092 2.55238 2.87844 3.61048

19 0.68762 1.32773 1.72913 2.09302 2.53948 2.86093 3.57940

20 0.68695 1.32534 1.72472 2.08596 2.52798 2.84534 3.55181

21 0.68635 1.32319 1.72074 2.07961 2.51765 2.83136 3.52715

22 0.68581 1.32124 1.71714 2.07387 2.50832 2.81876 3.50499

23 0.68531 1.31946 1.71387 2.06866 2.49987 2.80734 3.48496

24 0.68485 1.31784 1.71088 2.06390 2.49216 2.79694 3.46678

25 0.68443 1.31635 1.70814 2.05954 2.48511 2.78744 3.45019

26 0.68404 1.31497 1.70562 2.05553 2.47863 2.77871 3.43500

27 0.68368 1.31370 1.70329 2.05183 2.47266 2.77068 3.42103

28 0.68335 1.31253 1.70113 2.04841 2.46714 2.76326 3.40816

29 0.68304 1.31143 1.69913 2.04523 2.46202 2.75639 3.39624

30 0.68276 1.31042 1.69726 2.04227 2.45726 2.75000 3.38518

31 0.68249 1.30946 1.69552 2.03951 2.45282 2.74404 3.37490

32 0.68223 1.30857 1.69389 2.03693 2.44868 2.73848 3.36531

33 0.68200 1.30774 1.69236 2.03452 2.44479 2.73328 3.35634

34 0.68177 1.30695 1.69092 2.03224 2.44115 2.72839 3.34793

35 0.68156 1.30621 1.68957 2.03011 2.43772 2.72381 3.34005

36 0.68137 1.30551 1.68830 2.02809 2.43449 2.71948 3.33262

37 0.68118 1.30485 1.68709 2.02619 2.43145 2.71541 3.32563

38 0.68100 1.30423 1.68595 2.02439 2.42857 2.71156 3.31903

39 0.68083 1.30364 1.68488 2.02269 2.42584 2.70791 3.31279

40 0.68067 1.30308 1.68385 2.02108 2.42326 2.70446 3.30688

Catatan: Probabilita yang lebih kecil yang ditunjukkan pada judul tiap kolom adalah luas daerah

dalam satu ujung, sedangkan probabilitas yang lebih besar adalah luas daerah dalam

kedua ujung


Diproduksi oleh: Junaidi (http://junaidichaniago.wordpress.com), 2010 Page 2

Titik Persentase Distribusi t (df = 41 – 80)

Pr 0.25 0.10 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005 0.001

df 0.50 0.20 0.10 0.050 0.02 0.010 0.002

41 0.68052 1.30254 1.68288 2.01954 2.42080 2.70118 3.30127

42 0.68038 1.30204 1.68195 2.01808 2.41847 2.69807 3.29595

43 0.68024 1.30155 1.68107 2.01669 2.41625 2.69510 3.29089

44 0.68011 1.30109 1.68023 2.01537 2.41413 2.69228 3.28607

45 0.67998 1.30065 1.67943 2.01410 2.41212 2.68959 3.28148

46 0.67986 1.30023 1.67866 2.01290 2.41019 2.68701 3.27710

47 0.67975 1.29982 1.67793 2.01174 2.40835 2.68456 3.27291

48 0.67964 1.29944 1.67722 2.01063 2.40658 2.68220 3.26891

49 0.67953 1.29907 1.67655 2.00958 2.40489 2.67995 3.26508

50 0.67943 1.29871 1.67591 2.00856 2.40327 2.67779 3.26141

51 0.67933 1.29837 1.67528 2.00758 2.40172 2.67572 3.25789

52 0.67924 1.29805 1.67469 2.00665 2.40022 2.67373 3.25451

53 0.67915 1.29773 1.67412 2.00575 2.39879 2.67182 3.25127

54 0.67906 1.29743 1.67356 2.00488 2.39741 2.66998 3.24815

55 0.67898 1.29713 1.67303 2.00404 2.39608 2.66822 3.24515

56 0.67890 1.29685 1.67252 2.00324 2.39480 2.66651 3.24226

57 0.67882 1.29658 1.67203 2.00247 2.39357 2.66487 3.23948

58 0.67874 1.29632 1.67155 2.00172 2.39238 2.66329 3.23680

59 0.67867 1.29607 1.67109 2.00100 2.39123 2.66176 3.23421

60 0.67860 1.29582 1.67065 2.00030 2.39012 2.66028 3.23171

61 0.67853 1.29558 1.67022 1.99962 2.38905 2.65886 3.22930

62 0.67847 1.29536 1.66980 1.99897 2.38801 2.65748 3.22696

63 0.67840 1.29513 1.66940 1.99834 2.38701 2.65615 3.22471

64 0.67834 1.29492 1.66901 1.99773 2.38604 2.65485 3.22253

65 0.67828 1.29471 1.66864 1.99714 2.38510 2.65360 3.22041

66 0.67823 1.29451 1.66827 1.99656 2.38419 2.65239 3.21837

67 0.67817 1.29432 1.66792 1.99601 2.38330 2.65122 3.21639

68 0.67811 1.29413 1.66757 1.99547 2.38245 2.65008 3.21446

69 0.67806 1.29394 1.66724 1.99495 2.38161 2.64898 3.21260

70 0.67801 1.29376 1.66691 1.99444 2.38081 2.64790 3.21079

71 0.67796 1.29359 1.66660 1.99394 2.38002 2.64686 3.20903

72 0.67791 1.29342 1.66629 1.99346 2.37926 2.64585 3.20733

73 0.67787 1.29326 1.66600 1.99300 2.37852 2.64487 3.20567

74 0.67782 1.29310 1.66571 1.99254 2.37780 2.64391 3.20406

75 0.67778 1.29294 1.66543 1.99210 2.37710 2.64298 3.20249

76 0.67773 1.29279 1.66515 1.99167 2.37642 2.64208 3.20096

77 0.67769 1.29264 1.66488 1.99125 2.37576 2.64120 3.19948

78 0.67765 1.29250 1.66462 1.99085 2.37511 2.64034 3.19804

79 0.67761 1.29236 1.66437 1.99045 2.37448 2.63950 3.19663

80 0.67757 1.29222 1.66412 1.99006 2.37387 2.63869 3.19526

Catatan: Probabilita yang lebih kecil yang ditunjukkan pada judul tiap kolom adalah luas daerah

dalam satu ujung, sedangkan probabilitas yang lebih besar adalah luas daerah dalam

kedua ujung


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