1. Mark A Graber. Terapi Cairan, Elektrolit dan Metabolik. 2. Barbara kozier, 2010. Buku Ajar  Fundamentak Keperawatan : Konsep, Proses, dan

Praktik.Jakarta : EGC.3. Hidayat, A. Aziz Alimul dan Masrifatul. 2011. Praktik Kebutuhan Dasar Manusia.

Surabaya.Health  Book.

4. Ginsberg, Lionel. 2007. Lecture Notes Neurologi Edisi Kedelapan. Jakarta:

Penerbit Erlangga.

5. Setyopranoto, Ismail. 2010. Manajemen Stroke Akut.

http://clinicalupdates2010.files. wordpress.com/2010/03/dr-ismail.pdf.

6. PERDOSSI. Pedoman penatalaksanaan stroke. Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis

Saraf Indonesia (PERDOSSI), 2007

7. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) Indonesia. Departemen Kesehatan

Republik Indonesia. 2007.

8. Bruno A, Kaelin DL, Yilmaz EY. The subacute stroke patient: hours 6 to 72

after stroke onset. In Cohen SN. Management of Ischemic Stroke. McGraw-

Hill. 2000. pp. 53-87.

9. De Freitas GR, Christoph DDH, Bogousslavsky J. Topographic classification

of ischemic stroke, in Fisher M. (ed). Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Vol.

93 (3rd series). Elsevier BV, 2009.

10. Hacke W, Kaste M, Bogousslavsky J, Brainin M, Chamorro A, Lees K et al..

Ischemic Stroke Prophylaxis and Treatment - European Stroke Initiative

Recommendations 2003.

11. Lamsudin R, 2007. Stroke profile in Yogyakarta: morbidity, mortality, and

risk factor of stroke. In: Lamsudin R, Wibowo S, Nuradyo D, Sutarni S. (eds).

Recent Management of Stroke.