Bahan Seminar Sains Spm 2014

SainsSPM1511/2_sharinhanum Page 1

BENGKEL TEKNIK MENJAWAB SOALAN SAINS SPM 2014

1. MENENTUKAN PEMBOLEHUBAH (DETERMINE VARIABLES)

- From statement of the question [ dari pernyataan atas soalan]

to study the RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AND .

..untuk mengkaji HUBUNGAN ANTARA ..DAN ..

to investigate the EFFECT OF ..ON .

untuk mengkaji KESAN ..KEATAS/TERHADAP ..

.to investigate

.untuk menyiasat

- From table [dari jadual]

Temperature [MV] Number of bacteria colony [RV]

35 6

70 3

Petri dish Temperature [MV] Number of bacteria colony [RV]

A 35 6

B 70 3

Temperature [MV] RV

- From diagram [berdasarkan rajah]

Find the difference in labels of the same thing [cari perbezaan pada label benda yang sama]

2. Writing hypothesis [menulis hipotesis]

DIAGRAM 4

(Tin dengan 200 g

tanah)

(Tin dengan 400 g

tanah)

Can with

800 g soil

(Tin dengan 800 g

tanah)

Can with 400 g

soil

(Tin dengan 400

g tanah) Can with 200 g

soil

(Tin dengan

200 g tanah)

Can A

(Tin A)

Can B

(Tin B)

Can C

(Tin C)


- A. relate MV and RV [hubungkan MV dengan RV]

Examples/contoh :

The higher the ..the higher the .

Semakin tinggi ..semakin tinggi ..

** HIGHER/LOWER/BIGGER/SMALLER/THICKER/THINNER/DEEPER/

Or/atau

If ..increase/decrease, ..increase/decrease

Jika .meningkat/menurun, .meningkat/menurun

- Choose one MV and relate with RV [Pilih satu MV dan hubungkan dengan satu RV]

Eg : Presence of salt increase the boiling point of distilled water [kehadiran gaeam meningkatkan takat didih air

suling meningkat]

Magnesium is the most reactive metal when react with acid [Magnesium merupakan logam yang paling

reaktif apabila bertindak balas dengan asid]

3. Infrence/inferens

Giving reason to the observation/member sebab kepada pemerhatian

Tips , ,,,,,,observstion.because RV..

pemerhatian sebab/kerana ..RV.

Ammeter needle deflect because molten lead(II) bromide can conduct electricity

Jarum ammeter terpesong kerana leburan plumbum(II) bromide boleh mengkonduksikan arus elektrik

4. Operational definition/ Operasi secara definisi

- Explain what have been done to get the observation/result [ menerangkan apa yang telah dibuat untuk

mendapatkan keputusan]

- Tips : is a process/substance which .

Eg: Ionic compound is a molten substance which deflect the ammeter needle

5. Relationship

- Same as you answer in hypothesis BUT must correct relation dan start with word AS

Eg:

As the time increase the volume of gas released increase

6. Graph / bar graph

- Graph line graph. Dont use ruler unless really straight line. Draw free hand / Best fit line

- Bar graph use for topic variation.

Continuous variation Discontinuous variation


SECTION A

1 The Form 4 Ibnu Sina carried out an experiment to study the variation of thumb prints.

There are four groups of thumb prints ; arch, loop, whorl and composite.

Figure 1 shows the thumb prints of 25 pupils from the class.

Kelas 4 Ibnu Sina menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji variasi cap ibu jari.

Terdapat empat kumpulan cap ibu jari iaitu lengkung, gelung, sepusar dan komposit.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan cap ibu jari 25 orang murid dalam kelas tersebut.

Diagram 1

Rajah 1

a)

Based on Figure 1, determine the number of pupils in each group. Complete Table 1.

Berdasarkan Rajah 1, tentukan bilangan murid bagi setiap kumpulan. Lengkapkan jadual 1

Group of thumb

print

Kumpulan cap

ibu jari

Arch

Loop

Composite

Whorl

Number of pupils

Jumlah pelajar

Table 1/ Jadual 1


b)

Based on the result in Table 1, draw a bar chart to show the number of pupils against the groups of thumb prints.

Berdasarkan keputusan dalam Jadual 1, lukiskan carta bar yang menunjukkan bilangan murid

melawan kumpulan cap ibu jari.

c) Write a conclusion on the type of variation based on the bar chart in (b).

Tuliskan kesimpulan tentang jenis variasi berdasarkan carta bar di (b).

.......................................................................................................................................

2 Table 1 shows the height of 40 students in Form 5 Rajin.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan ketinggian bagi 40 orang pelajar dalam Tingkatan 5 Rajin.

156 149 153 160 152 151 153 150 163 165

166 155 159 159 157 155 159 163 152 160

157 158 157 165 154 162 162 159 158 157

163 159 159 169 164 163 152 156 160 158

Table 1

Jadual 1

a)

CompleteTable 2 based on data given.

Lengkapkan Jadual 1berdasarkan data yang diberikan.

Height of students

Ketinggian pelajar (cm) 146-150 151-155 156-160 161-165 166-170

Number of students

Bilangan pelajar

Table 2

Jadual 2

b)

Construct a histogram for the number of student against the height of students. Lukiskan satu histogram bagi bilangan ketinggian pelajar-pelajar.

Number

of pupils

Jumlah

pelajar 10

8

6

4

2

Group of thumb print

Kumpulan cap ibu jari Whorl

Composite

Loop Arch


c) Write a conclusion on the type of variation based on the bar chart in (b).

Tuliskan kesimpulan tentang jenis variasi berdasarkan carta bar di (b).

.......................................................................................................................................

3. Diagram 4 shows an arrangement of the apparatus to study the electrical conductivity of substance P, Q

and R in solid and liquid state.

Rajah 4 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji kekonduksian elektrik bagi bahan P, Q dan R dalam

keadaan pepejal dan cecair.

Diagram 4

Rajah 4

The observation is obtained in Table 2.

Pemerhatian dicatatkan dalam Jadual2.

Substance

Bahan

Bulb condition

Keadaan mentol

Solid

Pepejal

Molten

Cecair

P Lights up

Menyala

Lights up

Menyala

Q Not lights up

Tidak menyala

Not lights up

Tidak menyala

R Not lights up

Tidak menyala

Lights up

Menyala

Table 2/ Jadual 2

a) State one inference for this experiment.

Nyatakan satu inferens bagi eksperimen ini.

.........................................................................................................................................

Height of students/cm

Ketinggian pelajar/ cm

Number of

students

Jumlah

pelajar

Carbon electrode

Elektrod karbon

Bulb

Mentol

Substance

Bahan


b) State the variables that are

Nyatakan pembolehubah-pembolehubah yang

(i) Controlled:............................................................................................................

dimalarkan

(ii) manipulated:..........................................................................................................

dimanipulasikan

(iii) responding: ...........................................................................................................

bergerak balas

c) Write one suitable hypothesis for this experiment.

Tuliskan satu hipotesis yang sesuai untuk eksperimen ini.

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

d) Based on this experiment, state the operational definition for electrical conductivity.

Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi kekonduksian elektrik.

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

4 Diagram 3 shows an experiment to study the reaction of magnesium with dilute hydrochloric acid.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji tindak balas logam magnesium dengan asid

hidroklorik cair.

Diagram 3

Rajah 3

The volume of gas collected is recorded every minute for six minutes.

Table 3 shows the results of the experiment.

Isipadu gas yang dikumpul direkod setiap minit dalam amsa enam minit.

Jadual 3 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen.

Time (minutes)

Masa (minit)

1

2

3

4

5

6

Volume of gas collected (cm3)

Isipadu gas (cm3)

20

30

37

41

43

43

Table 3

Jadual 3

a) State the variables that are

Dilute hydrochloric acid

Asid hidroklorik cair

5g of metal magnesium

5g logam magnesium

Gas

Water

Air


Nyatakan pembolehubah-pembolehubah yang

(i) fixed:....................................................................................................................

dimalarkan

(ii) manipulated:.........................................................................................................

dimanipulasikan

(iii) responding: ..................................................................................................... .....

bergerak balas

b)

Based on Table 3, draw a graph of the volume of gas against time.

Berdasarkan Jadual 3, lukiskan graf isipadu gas melawan masa.

c) What is the relationship between the volume of gas given off and the reaction time in the first two

minutes?

Apakah hubungan antara isipadu gas yang terhasil dengan masa tindak balas bagi dua minit

pertama?

.......................................................................................................................................................

Time / minute

Masa / minit

Volume of

gas /cm3

Isipadu

gas /

cm3

1 2 3 4 5 6

15

20

25

30

35

40


d) Predict the volume of gas collected at the seven minute.

Ramalkan isipadu gas yang terhasil pada minit yang ketujuh.

.........................................................................................................................................

5 Diagram 4 shows an experiment to study the realtionship between mass of an object and the inertia. All

obejcts are swing and the time taken for the objects to stop oscillations is recorded.

Rajah 4 menunjukkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji hubungan antara jisim objek dengan inersia. Semua

objek dihayun dan masa diambil untuk objek berhenti berayun dicatatkan.

Diagram 4

Rajah 4

Table 2 shows the result of the experiment.

Jadual 2 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen tersebut.

Mass of object / g

Jisim objek / g

Time taken to stop oscillation/ minutes

Masa diambil untuk berhenti berayun/ minit

200

5.0

400

10.0

600

15.0

Table 2

Jadual 2

a) i) State the observation based on the result of the experiment.

Nyatakan pemerhatian berdasarkan hasil eksperimen tersebut.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

ii) Write down one inference based on the results of this experiment.

Tuliskan satu inferens berdasarkan keputusan eksperimen ini.

.........................................................................................................................................

Wooden block A

Bongkah kayu A

Wooden block B

Bongkah kayu B Wooden block C

Bongkah kayu C


.........................................................................................................................................

b) State the variable in this experiment

Nyatakan pembolehubah dalam eksperimen ini

i) Manipulated variable:

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi

.................................................................................................................................

ii) Responding variable:


.................................................................................................................................

iii) Constant variable:


.................................................................................................................................

c) What is the relationship between the mass of an object and the inertia?

Apakah hubungan antara jisim objek and inersia?

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

d) State the operational definition of inertia.

Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi inersia.

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

SECTION C (ESSAY/ESEI)

10. Study the following statement,

( Kaji pernyataan berikut,)

Your are given ,

( Anda diberi, )

Latex, ethanoic acid, ammonium solution, measuring cylinder, glass rod

(Lateks, asid etanoik, larutan ammonia, silinder penyukat, rod kaca)

(a) Suggest a hypothesis to investigate the above statement.

(Nyatakan satu hipotesis untuk menyiasat pernyataan di atas)

[1 mark]

(b) Describe an experiment to test your hypothesis based on the following criteria:

(Huraikan satu eksperimen untuk menguji hipotesis anda berdasarkan kepada

perkara-perkara berikut;)

Acid and Alkali have different effects when react on latex.

( Asid dan alkali memberi kesan berbeza apabila bertindakbalas ke atas lateks )


(i) Aim of the experiment.

( Tujuan eksperimen )

[1 mark]

(ii) Identification of variables

( Mengenalpasti semua pemboleh ubah)

[2 marks]

(iii ) List of apparatus and materials

( Senarai radas dan bahan )

[1 mark]

( iv) Procedure

(Kaedah / prosedur)

[4 marks]

(v) Tabulation of data

( Penjadualan data)

[1 mark]

10 Study the following statement ;

Kaji pernyataan berikut;

(a) Suggest one hypothesis to investigate the above statement.

Cadangkan satu hipotesis untuk menyiasat pernyataan di atas. [1 mark]

(b) Using the magnesium powder, aluminium powder, zinc powder, dilute hydrocloric acid, plastic basin, test tube and other

apparatus, describe an experiment to test your hypothesis in (a) based on the following criteria :

Dengan menggunakan serbuk magnesium , serbuk aluminium , serbuk zink , asid hidroklorik cair , besen plastik,

tabung uji dan radas-radas lain, huraikan satu eksperimen untuk menguji hipotesis di (a) berpandukan kriteria berikut:

(i) Aim of the experiment

Tujuan eksperimen [1 mark]

(ii) Identification of variables

Mengenalpasti pembolehubah [2 marks]

(iii) List of apparatus and materials

Senarai radas [1 mark]

(iv) Procedure

Prosedur [4 marks]

(v) Tabulation of data

Penjadualan data [1 mark]

Different metals show different reactivity when react with dilute acid.

Logam-logam menunjukkan kereaktifan yang berlainan apabila bertindak balas dengan asid cair


SOALAN KEMAHIRAN BERFIKIR ARAS TINGGI BERADA PADA SOALAN INI !!!!

11/12. (a) State two types of plastics and two of their differences.

(Nyatakan dua jenis plastik dan dua perbezaannya)

[4 marks]

(b) Plastics are very widely used because they are economical and easily available , but the usage results

negative effects on the environment. Explain how to solve the problem due to pollution resulting from the

plastic disposal.Your explanation should based on the following aspect:

(Penggunaan plastik sangat meluas kerana ia murah dan mudah didapati, tetapi penggunaannya

mendatangkan kesan yang buruk kepada alam sekitar. Terangkan bagaimanakah cara menangani masalah

pencemaran akibat pembuangan plastik. Penerangan anda hendaklah mengandungi perkara-perkara

berikut:)

Identify the problem. (Mengenal pasti masalah)

Clarification of the problem (Penerangan kepada masalah tersebut)

Explain three alternatives to solve the problem (Senarai tiga alternatif bagi mengatasi msalah tersebut)

Choose the best alternative and state the reason for your choice (Pilih alternatif terbaik dan nyatakan sebab pilihan anda) [6 marks]

11/12 (a) Explain two uses of the following microoganisms ;

Terangkan dua kegunaan setiap mikroorganisma berikut;

(i) bacteria

bakteria

(ii) fungi kulat

[4 marks]

(b) After flood, the residents of Kampung Gajah Putih is affected by a disease which have the following symptoms :

Continuously vomiting

Diarrhoea

Fever (Selepas banjir, penduduk penduduk di Kampung Gajah Putih telah dijangkiti oleh sejenis penyakit yang mempunyai

gejala-gejala seperti berikut :

Muntah-muntah yang berterusan.

Cirit-birit berterusan.

Demam)

Based on the symptoms above, explain the way of how to make a decision to control the disease from spreading out.

Your explanation should include the following :

Berdasarkan kepada gejala-gejala di atas, terangkan bagaimana cara untuk membuat keputusan bagi mengawal

penyakit di atas dari terus merebak.Penerangan anda mestilah berdasarkan kepada perkara-perkara berikut;

Identify the problem Mengenalpasti masalah

Explain three methods to control the disease Terangkan tiga kaedah untuk mengawal penyakit tersebut.

Arrange the methods according the priority Menyusun kaedah-kaedah mengikut keutamaan.

Make a decision

Membuat keputusan.

[6 marks]

Bahan Seminar Sains Spm 2014

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