Bab1-Pengantar Konservasi Energi
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Transcript of Bab1-Pengantar Konservasi Energi
Bab 1
Pengantar
Konservasi Energi
© Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department - Faculty of Engineering – University of Indonesia
11
OutlineOutline
� Pengertian Umum
� Sejarah Harga Energi
� Kebijakan Konservasi Energi di Indonesia
� Dasar-dasar Manajemen Energi
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
� Dasar-dasar Manajemen Energi
� Memulai Kegiatan Konservasi Energi
© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
22
Energi :
• Kemampuan untuk melakukan usaha / melakukan berbagai proses
kegiatan.
• Bentuk energi umumnya berupa bahan bakar, listrik, energi mekanis dan
panas.
PengertianPengertian UmumUmum
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
33
The human
bodyAir-conditioning
systemsAirplanes
Pengertian UmumPengertian Umum
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
44
Power plantsCar radiators Refrigeration systems
Manajemen energi :Kegiatan pengelolaan energi secara terencana, terarah, dan
berkesinambungan yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi
penggunaan energi.
PengertianPengertian Umum (lanjutan)Umum (lanjutan)
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
55
Konservasi energi :
Kegiatan pemanfaatan energi secara efisien dan rasional tanpa
mengurangi penggunaan energi yang memang benar-benar
diperlukan serta tidak mengurangi kenyamanan.
PengertianPengertian Umum (lanjutan)Umum (lanjutan)
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
66
Audit energi :
Kegiatan pemeriksaan / pengkajian penggunaan energi untuk
mengetahui tingkat pemakaian energi serta menganalisis peluang
penghematan energi yang layak untuk diimplementasikan secara
teknis dan ekonomi.
Harga Minyak Mentah Internasional( harga nominal )
Sejarah Harga EnergiSejarah Harga Energi
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
77
Peristiwa Besar Dunia dan Pengaruhnya pada Harga Minyak Mentah (1970-2004)
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
88
Harga Batubara InternasionalHarga Batubara Internasional
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
Kompas, Senin 3 Maret 2008
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
99
Langkah-langkah Kebijakan EnergiLangkah-langkah Kebijakan Energi
BBIncentives/ Incentives/
DisincentivesDisincentives
CC
RegulationRegulationDD
PricePrice
POLICYPOLICY
INSTRUMENTINSTRUMENT
GREEN ENERGY Policy
Energy Conservation
AA
InformationInformation
BBIncentives/ Incentives/
DisincentivesDisincentives
CC
RegulationRegulationDD
PricePrice
POLICYPOLICY
INSTRUMENTINSTRUMENT
GREEN ENERGY Policy
Energy ConservationEnergy Conservation
AA
InformationInformation
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
1010
DisincentivesDisincentives
�Campaign�Consultation�Training�Education�Awards�DSM- Household- Public Street Lighting
�Cooperation/Partnership:- Stakeholder- -CDM
�� Tax ReductionTax Reduction
�� Import Tax Import Tax
ExemptionsExemptions
�� Low Interest Low Interest
Investment Fund Investment Fund
�Energy Manager
�Energy Management
�Energy Audit
�Energy Consumption
Monitoring
�Energy Intensity Target
�Energy Efficient Design
�Standardization
� Implementation
Standard
�Transportation (CALTI)
�Energy Equipment
Labeling
��Economical Energy Economical Energy
PricingPricing
��Automatically Automatically
Electricity TariffElectricity Tariff
PROGRAMPROGRAM
DisincentivesDisincentives
�Campaign�Consultation�Training�Education�Awards�DSM- Household- Public Street Lighting
�Cooperation/Partnership:- Stakeholder- -CDM
�� Tax ReductionTax Reduction
�� Import Tax Import Tax
ExemptionsExemptions
�� Low Interest Low Interest
Investment Fund Investment Fund
�Energy Manager
�Energy Management
�Energy Audit
�Energy Consumption
Monitoring
�Energy Intensity Target
�Energy Efficient Design
�Standardization
� Implementation
Standard
�Transportation (CALTI)
�Energy Equipment
Labeling
��Economical Energy Economical Energy
PricingPricing
��Automatically Automatically
Electricity TariffElectricity Tariff
PROGRAMPROGRAM
Transportation
36%Industry
39%
Final Energy Consumption by
Sector (2002)
165 Million BOE 176 Million BOE
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
1111
hHousehold/Commer
cial
25%
113 Million BOE
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
1212
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
1313
Transformasi Attitude (Sikap)
Awareness
Society
Ignorance
Society Proficiency
Society Mastery
Society
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
Meningkatnya Kesadaran akan
Pentingnya Konservasi Energi
© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
1414
Manajemen Energi
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
1515
Konsep Konservasi Energi
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
1616
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
1717
Mengapa Menerapkan Manajemen Energi?
• Meningkatkan keuntungan
• Meningkatkan daya saing
• Meningkatkan kinerja sistem
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
1818
• Meningkatkan kinerja sistem
• Menyederhanakan peralatan dan operasi
• Meningkatkan kebersihan lingkungan
• Manajemen Energi adalah bagian dari Manajemen Perusahaan secara keseluruhan
Mengapa Pemakaian Energi Belum Efisien ?• Di masa lalu harga energi relatif murah (bersubsidi)
• Efisiensi energi bukan merupakan pertimbangan utama dalam desain peralatan, sehingga seringkali didapat peralatan yang oversized / belum efisien.
• Investasi selalu lebih dititikberatkan pada penambahan kapasitas produksi (meski belum efisien).
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
1919
kapasitas produksi (meski belum efisien).
• Biaya investasi awal peralatan yang efisien umumnya lebih mahal.
• Terbatasnya pengetahuan teknis mengenai konservasi energi.
• Budaya perusahaan belum mempertimbangkan optimasi sistem energi
• Tidak ada yang mau bertanggungjawab pada ketidak-efisienan walau sudah terukur/terbukti
Primary Energy Conversion Final Energy End-useUseful Energy
Energy Service
Konversi Energi
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
2020
Batubara Pembangkit Listrik Transmisi Lampu Energi Radiasi Penerangan
100% 30% 27% 25% 20% 15%
Power plant losses 70%
Transmission & distribution losses
9%.
Motor losses 10%
Drive train losses 10%
Motor losses 10%
Pump losses 10%
Throttle losses 10%
Kesetimbangan Energi
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
Pipe losses 10%
9.5 units of energy output
From the Drivepower Technology Atlas
Courtesy of E SOURCE, www.esource.com
© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
2121
GensetBBM
Udara
Flue gas
Listrik
Kesetimbangan energi pada Genset
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
EFF = 100 % - ( % fluegas loss + % cooling water loss
+ % radiation&convection loss)
SFC = lt BBM/kwh Listrik
Cooling
water
Rad &
conv
© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
2222
Radiasi matahari rata-rata
UBL TL
130
113
211
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
S
TB
TGBD
112
97
97
176
243
(W/m2)
© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
2323
Pengudaraan dan pencahayaan alamiahSecara umum rumah mempunyai kemampuan
untuk mendinginkan ruang secara alamiah
• Pemanfaatan ventilasi silang
• Desain plafon tinggi
• Penggunaan menara angin
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
• Penggunaan menara angin
• Ventilasi dan insulasi atap
• Penggunaan warna terang
• Pemilihan material
• Hindari effek rumah kaca
• Tanaman hijau
© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
2424
Bagaimana Berhemat ?Pendingin RuanganDaya (Watt)
750
Daya (Watt)
750
Kurangi Waktu Pemakaian
© Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department - Faculty of Engineering – University of Indonesia
2525
0 2 431
Waktu (h)
Energi = Daya * Waktu (kWh)
= Luas Kurva = 3000 Wh = 3 kWh
0 2 431
Waktu (h)
Energi = Daya * Waktu (kWh)
= Luas Kurva Berkurang, menjadi
= 2250 Wh = 2,25kWh
PeneranganLampu Pijar
Daya (Watt)
100
Daya (Watt)
100
Kurangi Daya Lampu dgn LHEKurangi Daya Lampu dgn LHE
© Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department - Faculty of Engineering – University of Indonesia
2626
0 2 431
Waktu (h)
Energi = Daya * Waktu (kWh)
= Luas Kurva = 400 Wh = 0,4 kWh
0 2 431Waktu (h)
Energi = Daya * Waktu (kWh)
= Luas Kurva Berkurang, menjadi
= 80 Wh = 0,08 kWh
20
Refrigerator
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
2727
Formulir pemakaian energi rumah tangga
Pemakaian Energi Rumah Tangga
Jenis Pemakaian Jenis Peralatan Daya listrik Jumlah alat Waktu Lama Energi Biaya
pemakaian Pakai (h) (kWh) (Rp)
Penerangan LHE
LHE
LHE
Lampu Pijar
Lampu TL
Lampu Sorot
Lainnya
Peralatan Dapur Kompor Listrik
Oven Listrik
Microwave Oven
Dispenser Air
Kulkas
Blender
Lainnya
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
Pengkondisian AC Ruangan-1
Udara AC Ruangan-2
AC Ruangan-3
AC Ruangan-4
AC Ruangan-5
Kipas Angin
Pembersih Udara
Lainnya
Peralatan Hiburan TV-1
TV-2
TV-3
Players-1
Komputer-1
Komputer-2
Lainnya
Peralatan Cuci dan Pompa Air-1
Kamar Mandi Pompa Air-2
Water heater
Air Dryer
Setrika Listrik
Mesin Cuci
Lainnya
Jumlah Pemakaian Energi Bulanan
© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
2828
Tahapan Awal
• Pembentukan komitmen dan kesadaran untuk melakukan konservasi energi di tingkat manajemen dan operator lapangan.
• Ditugaskannya seorang “energi manajer” serta
Memulai Kegiatan Konservasi Energi
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
2929
• Ditugaskannya seorang “energi manajer” serta organisasinya yang bertanggungjawab kepada pimpinan perusahaan.
• Inventasisasi permasalahan dan penyelesaiannya.
• Dilaksanakannya audit energi
Pelaksanaan Audit Energi
� Penyusunan strategi audit energi
� Pengumpulan data teknis
� Diskusi dengan penanggung jawab energi.
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
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� Tinjauan lapangan.
� Pengumpulan data operasi & data pendukung
� Pengukuran langsung dan pengamatan.
� Verifikasi data.
� Penyusunan neraca massa dan energi.
� Evaluasi pola penggunaan energi.
Analisis Data Audit Energi
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
3131
� Evaluasi kinerja peralatan utama.
� Identifikasi peluang penghematan energi.
� Evaluasi ekonomi.
NERACA MASSA:
Berguna untuk mengetahui tingkat ketelitian
pembacaan flowmeter aliran masa yang masuk dan
keluar
Penyusunan Neraca Massa dan Energi
NERACA ENERGI:
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
3232
NERACA ENERGI:� Untuk mengetahui tingkat efisiensi pada setiap
peralatan utama.
� Untuk mengetahui distribusi penggunaan energi
di seluruh pabrik.
� Untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengkwantifikasi
panas yang hilang guna meningkatkan “Efficiency”.
Menurunkan Biaya Listrik di Industri
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
kV
A
Minimum billable demand – 1683 kVA
Contracted demand – 2250 kVA
Maximum Demand
Dengan menurunkan
� Beban Puncak (KVA)
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
May
'01
Jun'0
1
Jul'0
1A
ug'01
Sep'0
1O
ct'0
1N
ov'0
1D
ec'0
1Ja
n'02
Feb'0
2M
ar'0
2A
pr'02
Month
� Beban Puncak (KVA)
� Energi ( KWH)
© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
3333
Typical daily load curve of Java –Madura – Bali system [PLN, 2006]
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000E
lectr
icit
y c
on
su
mp
tio
n (
MW
)
Household
Commercial
Industry
TOTAL
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 2 4 6
Time
Ele
ctr
icit
y c
on
su
mp
tio
n (
MW
)
© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
3434
Manajemen Beban Listrik
o Geser beban keluar Waktu Beban Puncak (WBP)
o Pasang alat pengontrol beban (automatic load shedding)
o Pasang kapasitor bank untuk memperbaiki cos phi
Menurunkan KWh Listrik
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
3535
� Peralatan-peralatan utama
� Transformator
� Sistem distribusi listrik
� Motor dan beban beban lain
Menurunkan KWh Listrik
Target Penerapan Konservasi Energy di Industri
Manajemen Beban Listrik (lanjut)
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
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Sektor Bisnis
� Konsumsi sektor bisnis dan perkantoran menempati
urutan kedua dalam konsumsi energi listrik setelah
sektor industri. Sektor ini juga memberikan kontribusi
pada waktu beban puncak hingga sekitar pukul 20.00
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
� Bagaimanakah komposisi konsumsi energi listrik untuk
sektor perkantoran dan bisnis?
© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
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� Secara umum komposisi konsumsi listrik sector ini
adalah
� (i) pengkondisian udara (48–60)%,
� (ii) penerangan (16-20)%,
� (iii) utilitas lainnya seperti lift dan pompa (17-25)%,
Sektor Bisnis
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
� (iv) peralatan kantor dan telekomunikasi (14-20)%.
� Gedung kantor modern umumnya juga dilengkapi
dengan alat telekomunikasi, pengkondisian udara untuk
ruang server dan penyimpan data yang bekerja 24 jam
per hari. Besarnya kebutuhan energi listrik dasar dapat
mencapai kisaran 20% dari kebutuhan rata-rata harian.
© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
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Tips hemat untuk manajemen gedung
� Mendata, menganalisis dan mensosialisasikan pola konsumsi energi listrik
bulanan sepanjang tahun.
� Memotret jumlah konsumsi dan komposisi energi gedung, dengan
melakukan audit energi gedung secara berkala. Kegiatan ini juga akan
memberikan potensi penghematan energi yang signifikan, misalnya
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
mengoptimumkan jumlah unit transformator yang digunakan.
Pengoperasian transformator mendekati kapasitasnya, dapat meningkatkan
efisiensi dan mengurangi rugi laten (core) pada transformator.
� Melakukan kegiatan pemeliharaan bangunan secara berkala, khususnya
yang terkait dengan insulasi, peralatan mekanikal dan elektrikal yang
mengkonsumsi energi dalam jumlah besar.
© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
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� Memelihara kondisi lingkungan yang hijau sehingga dapat menurunkan
temperatur ambient dan efek radiasi matahari.
� Melakukan manajemen energi melalui pengaturan penggunaan fasilitas
bersama seperti pengendalian jam operasi mesin pengkondisian udara
(AC) serta pengaturan zona operasi, zona lantai untuk lift, pengendalian
Tips hemat untuk manajemen gedung
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
pencahayaan ruang bersama, dan penghematan penggunaan air.
� Modifikasi dan otomatisasi peralatan pengendali apabila memungkinkan,
serta penggantian peralatan dengan yang lebih hemat energi.
© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
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� Matikan monitor, printer, lampu, dan mesin fotocopy setiap kali
anda meninggalkan ruangan, khususnya saat beristirahat, waktu
makan siang, atau rapat di ruangan lainnya. Matikan komputer,
apabila meninggalkan kantor lebih dari 2 jam.
� Manfaatkan penerangan alami dengan membuka tirai jendela,
Tips hemat untuk manajemen gedung
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
Manfaatkan penerangan alami dengan membuka tirai jendela,
khususnya di pagi dan sore hari.
� Cetaklah dokumen kerja apabila benar-benar dibutuhkan.
� Pergunakan lampu hemat energi dan lampu meja sehingga tidak
membutuhkan penerangan ruangan yang berlebihan.
© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
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� Sesuaikan penggunaan pakaian kerja yang cocok dengan negeri tropis,
sehingga dapat nyaman bekerja pada kisaran temperatur ruangan 25-
26oC.
� Jika memungkinkan batasi bekerja di waktu lembur. Ingat jam 17.00
s.d. 22.00 adalah waktu beban puncak harian.
Tips hemat untuk pengguna gedung
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
� Pergunakan tangga untuk menaiki atau menuruni 2 lantai bangunan.
Lebih sehat dan hemat.
� Kurangi kegiatan rapat, dengan mengoptimumkan pemanfaatan
komunikasi elektronik.
� Hematlah dalam penggunaan air, karena air adalah sumber kehidupan.
© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
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Dalam berhemat energi semua dapat berkontribusi,
………
mulailah dari diri sendiri !
© © Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. Prof.Dr.Ir. Bambang Suryawan, MT. 2009 Edition2009 EditionMechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
mulailah dari diri sendiri !
© © Prof.Dr.IrProf.Dr.Ir. . BambangBambang SuryawanSuryawan, MT. , MT. Mechanical Engineering Department Mechanical Engineering Department -- Faculty of Engineering Faculty of Engineering –– University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia
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