1

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

A. KESIMPULAN

1. Komposisi tanah andisol, lempung Bayat dan abu sekam, suhu aktivasi dan

waktu kontak berpengaruh terhadap kapasitas jerapan ion logam Cr dalam

larutan model dengan kondisi optimum komposisi tanah andisol, lempung

Bayat dan abu sekam (80 / 10 / 10), suhu aktivasi 150 0C dan waktu kontak

30 menit.

2. Penjerap campuran tanah andisol, lempung Bayat dan abu sekam pada

kondisi optimum efektif untuk mengurangi kandungan ion logam Cr3+

dalam

larutan model dengan efisiensi sebesar 97, 56 %.

3. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan filter keramik efektif menurunkan

padatan terlarut (TDS) dan kandungan Cr3+

dalam air sumur dengan

persentase penurunan masing-masing sebesar 75,91 % dan 9,44 %.

Sedangkan pipa penjernih mampu menurunkan padatan terlarut (TDS) dari

260 ppm menjadi 249 ppm dan kandungan Cr3+

dari 0,064 ppm menjadi

0,052 ppm.

B. SARAN

1. Perlu dilakukan aktivasi kimia terhadap abu sekam yang digunakan sehingga

mampu menambah efektivitas penjerapan ion logam Cr.

2. Filter keramik dan pipa penjernih dapat dimodifikasi dan diaplikasikan untuk

menurunkan kandungan mikroorganisme dalam air sumur dengan

penambahan bahan lain seperti kaporit.

2

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12

LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1. Data Pengambilan Sampel Adsorben

Parameter Andisol Lempung Abu sekam

Warna Coklat Coklat Putih keabu-abuan

Kecerahan Gelap Cerah Gelap

Struktur Liat Remah Remah

Waktu Pengambilan 11 April 2015 10 April 2015 13 April 2015

Lokasi Cemoro Kandang

Gunung Lawu

Desa Gunung

Gajah Kec. Bayat

Kab. Klaten

Sukoharjo

Koordinat S 07o39’48.7”

E 111o11’13.1”

S 07o45’38.9”

E 110o40’02.9”

-

Ketinggian 1866 mdpl 143 mdpl -

pH NaF 10,27 7,96 8,77

13

Lampiran 2. Hasil Uji FTIR

Hasil Uji FTIR Alofan Alam

14

Hasil Uji FTIR Lempung Bayat

15

Hasil Uji FTIR Alofan Aktif

16

Hasil Uji FTIR Abu Sekam

17

Hasil Uji FTIR Campuran

18

Spektra FTIR Alofan Standar (Devnita, 2005)

19

Lampiran 3 : Hasil Uji XRD

Abu Sekam

Alofan Alam

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

0 20 40 60 80 100

Series1

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

0 20 40 60 80 100

Series1

20

Alofan Aktif

Lempung Bayat

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

0 20 40 60 80 100

Series1

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

0 20 40 60 80 100

Series1

21

Campuran

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

0 20 40 60 80 100

Series1

22

Lampiran 4. Hasil Uji Luas Permukaan/Surface Area Analyser (SAA)

Hasil Uji SAA Tanah Andisol Lawu

23

Hasil Uji SAA Abu Sekam

24

Hasil Uji SAA Lempung Bayat

25

Hasil Uji SAA Campuran

26

Lampiran 5. Penentuan Jenis Isoterm Jerapan

C C sisa C Q=X/m C/Q LOG Q LOG C

2 0.0716 1.9284 38.568 0.051856 1.5862 0.3010

4 0.2676 3.7324 74.648 0.053585 1.8730 0.6020

6 0.3676 5.6324 112.648 0.053263 2.0517 0.7781

8 0.4782 7.5218 150.436 0.053179 2.1773 0.9031

Isoterm Langmuir

Isoterm Freundlich

y = 0,000x + 0,052R² = 0,380

0,05160,0518

0,0520,05220,05240,05260,0528

0,0530,05320,05340,05360,0538

0 2 4 6 8 10

C/Q

C

Chart Title

Series1

Linear (Series1)

y = 0,981x + 1,287R² = 0,999

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1

Log

Q

Log C

Chart Title

Series1

Linear (Series1)

27

Lampiran 6. Hasil Analisis Wilcoxon

NPar Tests

Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test

Ranks

N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

terjerap - awal Negative Ranks 90a 45.50 4095.00

Positive Ranks 0b .00 .00

Ties 0c

Total 90

a. terjerap < awal

b. terjerap > awal

c. terjerap = awal

Test Statisticsb

terjerap - awal

Z -8.239a

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .000

a. Based on positive ranks.

b. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test

28

Lampiran 7. Hasil Analisis Atomic Absorbtion Spectroscopy (AAS)

a. Konsentrasi Awal Larutan Model (ion logam Cr3+

)

Berdasarkan hasil AAS konsentrasi awal larutan model : 9,49 ppm

Volume larutan model yang digunakan : 15 ml

Massa penjerap yang digunakan : 0,05 gram

Kapasitas Jerapan total (Q) : 2,85 mg/g

b. Konsentrasi Larutan Model setelah perlakuan penjerapan

No. Komposisi Suhu Aktivasi

(0C)

Konsentrasi Cr3+

(ppm)

Alofan/Lempung/Abu sekam

30 menit

60 menit

90 menit

1 100/0/0 100 0.48 0.66 0.55

150 1.07 0.42 0.96

200 1.76 1.15 2.52

2 80/10/10 100 1.69 0.42 0.98

150 0.23 2.05 1.16

200 3.62 3.39 2.93

3 60/20/20 100 0.75 2.41 2.23

150 0.40 2.91 2.45

200 3.99 4.26 3.75

4 40/40/20 100 3.06 2.65 3.29

150 3.18 3.76 4.35

200 5.75 5.63 5.10

5 20/40/40 100 5.28 6.41 5.48

150 7.21 7.24 6.00

200 7.73 7.48 7.53

6 20/20/60 100 5.45 5.47 3.79

150 5.66 6.45 4.22

200 7.01 7.19 4.76

7 10/80/10 100 4.99 7.02 7.87

150 6.50 7.61 7.85

200 7.97 8.26 9.35

8 10/10/80 100 4.62 5.10 5.80

150 6.49 7.16 4.93

200 7.30 7.20 6.72

9 0/0/100 100 5.99 5.37 3.62

150 6.97 7.92 5.37

200 7.54 8.31 5.44

29

10 0/100/0 100 3.02 3.91 4.22

150 3.11 3.77 4.49

200 4.02 4.93 6.72

c. Penghitungan Kapasitas Jerapan

Kapasitas jerapan dihitung menggunakan rumus :

Q = 𝑉 (𝐶𝑜−𝐶𝑎)

𝑚

Keterangan :

Q = Kapasitas jerapan (mg/g)

V = Volume larutan (m)

Co = Konsentrasi awal (mg/l)

Ca = Konsentrasi akhir (mg/l)

m = Massa penjerap (g)

Kapasitas jerapan masing-masing sampel sebagai berikut :

No. Komposisi Alofan / Lempung / Suhu Kapasitas Jerapan Rata-Rata (mg/g)

Abu sekam (% Berat) (° C) 30 menit 60 menit 90 menit

1 100/0/0 100 2.70 2.65 2.68

150 2.53 2.72 2.56

200 2.32 2.50 2.09

2 80/10/10 100 2.34 2.72 2.56

150 2.78 2.23 2.50

200 1.76 1.83 1.97

3 60/20/20 100 2.62 2.12 2.18

150 2.73 1.98 2.11

200 1.65 1.57 1.72

4 40/40/20 100 1.93 2.05 1.86

150 1.90 1.72 1.54

200 1.12 1.16 1.32

5 20/40/40 100 1.27 0.93 1.21

150 0.69 0.68 1.05

200 0.53 0.60 0.59

6 20/20/60 100 1.21 1.21 1.71

150 1.15 0.91 1.58

200 0.75 0.69 1.42

30

7 10/80/10 100 1.35 0.74 0.49

150 0.90 0.57 0.49

200 0.46 0.37 0.04

8 10/10/80 100 1.46 1.32 1.11

150 0.90 0.70 1.37

200 0.66 0.69 0.83

9 0/0/100 100 1.05 1.24 1.76

150 0.76 0.47 1.24

200 0.59 0.36 1.22

10 0/100/0 100 1.94 1.68 1.58

150 1.92 1.72 1.50

200 1.64 1.37 0.83

31

Lampiran 8. Gambar Filter Kramik