Sistem Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup

Aspek Lingkungan dalam Pembangunan Kuliah 7

Atur dan Awasi (ADA)

Asumsi Manusia bersifat egois, atau mementingkan dirinya sendiri

Cara Menekan egoisme dan mendorong orang untuk berkelakuan lebih ramah lingkungan dengan ancaman sanksi dan tindakan hukum

Karakteristik

(1) penindakan à memerlukan penegakan hukum yang kuat (2) topdown dan instruktif à masyarakat tidak punya inisiatif (3) kaku dan birokratis à masyarakat menjadi tidak kreatif atau inovativ

Atur Diri Sendiri (ADS) n  Asumsi

Kelakukan manusia yang merusak lingkungan hidup didasarkan pada pertimbangan ekonomi. Agar manusia bersikap ramah lingkungan, perlu diberikan keuntungan ekonomi pula.

n  Cara Mengubah nilai untung relatif terhadap rugi bagi pelaku dengan memberikan insentif-disinsentif ekonomi, sehingga mendorong manusia menjadi bersikap ramah lingkungan hidup.

n  Instrumen (1) administrasi finansial : Memberikan pajak tinggi pada produksi yang dapat merusak lingkungan hidup, membukukan biaya lingkungan tersendiri (2) teknologi: ekoefisiensi & ekologi industri ekoefisiensi : menggunakan sumberdaya ekonomi seefisien mungkin à terbatas pada teknologi, ekonomi dan fisik LH ekologi industri : menempatkan industri dalam ekosistem antrobiogeofisik à lebih luas lagi karena ada aspek sosbud

What is ISO 14000?

The ISO 14000 family of environmental management standards, according to the present plan, comprises 23 individual standards, guidelines and technical reports related to environmental management in a company's environmental management system (EMS). Consequently, they cover all areas of environmental significance.

Companies will thus be able to use the standards in connection

with activities offering: n  Savings when improving environmental conditions; n  Increased sales by presenting an environmental responsible

behavior towards the customers; n  Marketing advantages by offering the customers the

cooperation with a subcontractor/contractor that demonstrate competence in environmental management - possibly substantiated by an environmental management certificate.

ISO 14000 Family of Standards GROUP STANDARDS Environmental Management Systems ISO 14001

ISO 14004 ISO/TR 14061

Environmental Auditing ISO 14010 ISO 14011 ISO 14012 ISO 14015 ISO 19011

Environmental labelling ISO 14020 ISO 14021 ISO 14024 ISO/TR 14025

Environmental Performance Evaluation ISO 14031 ISO/TR 14032

Life Cycle Assessment ISO 14040 ISO 14041 ISO 14042 ISO 14043 ISO/TR 14047 ISO/TR 14048 ISO/TR 14049

Environmental Management Vocabulary ISO 14050 Environmental Aspects in Product Standards ISO 14062

ISO Guide 64

Apa manfaat ISO 14000?

n  meningkatkan efisiensi n  memperbaiki hubungan dgn pelanggan n  memperkecil resiko lingkungan n  memperbaiki daya saing n  memperbaiki bonaviditas n  menggabungkan prinsip ekonomi dan ekologi n  mempermudah dan memperpendek birokrasi n  memperkuat posisi tawar menawar dengan pemerintah n  memperkuat kepercayaan masyarakat n  memperkecil kecelakaan kerja n  menurunkan kebutuhan sumberdaya /memperkecil biaya n  memperbaiki transparansi n  meningkatkan motivasi para pekerja n  menutup kelemahan /kekerungan yang terkait dengan kerja n  memperbaiki oganisasi dan dokumentasi

How to reach ISO 14000?

Environmental Management Systems ISO 14001

Scope: This International Standard specifies requirements for an environmental management system, to enable an organization to formulate a policy and objectives taking into account legislative requirements and information about significant environmental impacts. It applies to those environmental aspects which the organization can control and over which it can be expected to have an influence. It does not itself state specific environmental performance criteria.

This International Standard is applicable to any organization that

wishes to n  implement, maintain and improve an environmental management

system; n  assure itself of its conformance with its stated environmental

policy; n  demonstrate such conformance to others; n  seek certification/registration of its environmental management

system by an external organization; n  make a self-determination and self-declaration of conformance

with this International Standard.