Anti HIV Labkes
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Pemeriksaan anti HIVPemeriksaan anti HIV
Instalasi Patologi Klinik
RS Kanker Dharmais
Dr. Agus S. Kosasih, SpPK, MARS
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Virus HIV
• Virus HIV (Human
Immunodeficienc
!irus" golongan
Retrovirus yangmenyerang limfosit
T helper (CD4)
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Cara penularan
• Melalui airan tu!uh• Cara transmisi :
- Hu!ungan "e#
$ %arum suntik &arko!a
$ Transfusi 'arah
$ I!u hamil pa'a anin
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Peralanan PenyakitPeralanan Penyakit
• Masa %en'ela
$ !ulan setelah tertular HIV
$ anti HIV negatif* ti'ak a'a geala
• Masa tanpa geala$ + , - tahun setelah tertular HIV
$ anti HIV positif* ti'ak a'a geala
• Masa 'engan geala
$ geala .ID"
$ / !ulan $ 0 tahun* !ila ti'ak 'io!ati
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Human Immunodeficienc #irusHuman Immunodeficienc #irus (HIV)(HIV)
• RetrovirusRetrovirus
• 0 ss$R&.0 ss$R&.
• reversereverse
transriptasetransriptase
• "truktur 1"truktur 1
envelopeenvelope
apsi'apsi'
oreore
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p2-p2-
R&.* reverse transrip$R&.* reverse transrip$
tase* en'onulease*tase* en'onulease*proteaseprotease
p04p04
gp42gp42gp203gp203
gp2/3gp2/3
.ntigen HIV.ntigen HIV
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Pengertian .ntigen .nti!o'i•
.ntigen 1 Virus HIV (!en'a .sing)
Pemeriksaan 1 !iakan virus* antigen p04*
materi genetik (PCR)• .nti!o'i 1
Reaksi terha'ap masuknya
!en'a asing (HIV) Pemeriksaan 1 anti HIV (56I".* Rapi')
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"erokonversi pa'a infeksi HIV"erokonversi pa'a infeksi HIV
anti$p04anti$p04
anti$gp42* gp203* gp2/3anti$gp42* gp203* gp2/3
p04p04 p04p04
infeksiinfeksi
mingguminggu tahuntahun
7 a ' a r
7 a ' a r
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8ahan Pemeriksaan8ahan Pemeriksaan
• "erum* Plasma * 9hole 8loo'
• "egera 'ipisahkan
• "ta!ilitas 1 0 , : oC* tahan 2 mg
$ 03 o C* tahan le!ih lama
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Peralatan
• Pelindung Petugas Lab
jas lab
sarung tangan
Face shield/goggles
Safety cabinet class II b (bila ada)
• Persiapan dan penyipanan bahan!entrifuge
"efrigenerator
Pipet dan disposible tip
#orte$ i$er
• %lat Peeri&saan
Pipet ter&abibrasi dan disposible tip
Pencatat 'a&tu ter&alibrasi
In&ubator asher dan reader *LIS%
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Reagensia .nti HIV
Reagensia yang 'ipakai 1
• Telah ter'aftar 'i Dep 7es RI
• Di ui sensitifitas 'an spesifisitasnya
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"5&"ITI;IT." "P5"I;I"IT."
Diagnosis HIV
• Reagensia Pemeriksaan Penyaring (Pertama)
"ensitifitas Tinggi ( < ==>)
• Reagensia Pemeriksaan "elanutnya (7e'ua 'an
ketiga) 1 "pesifisitas Tinggi (< =:>)
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P5&TI&? @@@
• Harus adaHarus ada Informed consent Informed consent tertulistertulis
•
Didahului dengan konselingDidahului dengan konselingpra-uji/tespra-uji/tes
• Pada saat menerima hasilPada saat menerima hasil
uji/tes harus disertai konselinguji/tes harus disertai konselingpasca-uji/tespasca-uji/tesCONFIDENTIALITY CONFIDENTIALITY !!! !!!
(KERAHASAA"(KERAHASAA"
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Pemantapan Mutu
• Reagensia + bahan disimpan sesuai petunjuk• Hindari Hemolisis, Ikterik dan lipemik
• Pemeriksaan dilakukan sesuai petujuk pabrik
– Jumlah Kontrol pos & neg
– Jumlah pencucian
– aktu inkubasi, pembacaan
• !alidasi Hasil pemeriksaan
• Hindari pemakaian ulang tip dan penampung• "ahan kontrol independent
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Pemakaian strategi penyaring
ujuan
pemeriksaan
Prevalensi
infeksi
Strategi
pemeriksaan
Keamanan
transfusi /
transplantas
i
Semua
prevalensi
I
Surveilans > 10 % I
10 % II
Diagnosis erdapat gejala
klinik infeksi
HI
> !0 % I
!0 % II
anpa gejala
klinik infeksi
HI
> 10 % II
10 % III
Dikutip dari WHO1
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"trategi Penyaringan (9HA)
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.ntigen p04
• Diagnosis 'ini pa'a neonatus ( B 2: !ulan)Diagnosis 'ini pa'a neonatus ( B 2: !ulan)
• Diagnosis 'ini pa'a pen'erita seronegatifDiagnosis 'ini pa'a pen'erita seronegatif
'engan riayat pemaparan terha'ap HIV'engan riayat pemaparan terha'ap HIV
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antigen p04 1 56I".
anti$p04anti$p04
anti$gp42* gp203* gp2/3anti$gp42* gp203* gp2/3
p04p04 p04p04
infeksiinfeksi
mingguminggu tahuntahun
7 a ' a r
7 a ' a r
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#erimaKasih