74774253 Asg Hydroponics Siap
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HYDROPONIC
Introduction
The word, Hydroponic, comes from Latin and means working water. Simply put, it is the art
of growing plants without soil. While from Greek words, hydroponic stands for hydro, waterand
ponos, is a method of growing plants using mineral nutrientsolutions, in water, without soil. A
terrestrial plant which plant that grows on land rather in water may be grown with their roots in the
mineral nutrient solution only or in an inert medium, such as, perlite grael, mineral fibres or
coconut husk.
The plants with hydroponics also perfectly balanced, pH ad!usted nutrient solution is
"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_woolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrienthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_woolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant -
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deliered to the roots in a highly soluble form. This allows the plant to uptake its food with ery
little effort as different to soil where the roots must search out the nutrients and e#tract them. This is
true een when using rich, organic soil and top of the line nutrients. The energy e#pended by the
roots in this process is energy better spent on egetatie growth and fruit and flower production.
$n addition, Hydroponic is a simple, easy way to grow plants. With hydroponics this is an
easy task compare in soil whose is far more difficult because can gie plants ma#imum leel of the
e#act nutrient they needs. $t%s really simple, if gie a plant e#actly what it needs, when it needs it, in
the amount that it needs the plant will be as healthy as is genetically possible.
.
History
$n "&'&, (rofessor William )rederick Gericke of the *niersity of +alifornia at erkeley
began publicly promoting that solution culture be used for agricultural crop production. He first
termed it a-uaculture but later found that a-uaculture was already applied to culture of a-uatic
organisms. Gericke created a sensation by growing tomato ines twentyfie feet high in his back
yard in mineral nutrient solutions rather than soil. y analogy with the earliest Greek term for
agriculture, geoponics, the science of cultiating the earth, Gericke introduced the term hydroponics
in "&/0 1although he asserts that the term was suggested by 2r. W. A. Setchell, of the *niersity of
+alifornia3 for the culture of plants in water 1from the Greek hydros, 4water4, and ponos, 4labor43.
5eports of Gericke6s work and his claims that hydroponics would reolutioni7e plant
agriculture prompted a huge number of re-uests for further information. Gericke refused to reeal
his secrets claiming he had done the work at home on his own time. This refusal eentually resulted
in his leaing the *niersity of +alifornia. $n "&89, he wrote the book, +omplete Guide to Soilless
Gardening.
5esearchers discoered in the "&th century that plants absorb essential mineral nutrients as
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mineral ions in water. $n natural conditions, soil acts as a mineral nutrient tank but the soil itself is
not essential to plant growth. When the mineral nutrients in the soil dissole in water, plant roots are
able to absorb them. When the re-uired mineral nutrients are introduced into a plant6s water supply
artificially, soil is no longer re-uired for the plant to thrie. Almost any terrestrial plant will grow
with hydroponics. Hydroponics is also a standard techni-ue in biology research and teaching.
Hydroponic culture methods are being used successfully to produce plants out of season in
greenhouses and to produce plants in areas where either the soil or the climate is not suitable for the
crop grown. 2uring World War $$, for e#ample, seeral *.S. Army units successfully produced
egetables hydroponically at arious oerseas bases. $n the "&:9s hydroponic farming deeloped on
a commercial scale in the arid regions of the *nited States, particularly in Ari7ona. $n other arid
regions, such as the (ersian Gulf and the Arab oilproducing states, hydroponic farming of tomatoes
and cucumbers is under way; these countries are also researching an additional group of crops that
may be grown by this method as they hae limited arable land.
Requirements for hydroponics
Hydroponics systems cannot be applicable in poor growing conditions such as improper
temperature, inade-uate light, or pests6 problems. )ollowing are the re-uirements for hydroponics
plants to surie#ygen plants will re-uire good amount of o#ygen for respiration to carry out their work
of nutrients and water uptake. The best way to supply o#ygen is to bubble the air through
the water solution.
Temperature hydroponics grow well within limited temperature range. ?ither too high or
too low temperature results in reduced productions and abnormal deelopments of the
plants.
Light plants like egetables and fruits grown through hydroponics need at least @ to "9
hours of direct sunlight each day to produce well. Howeer as an alternatie to sunlight, can
apply bright light or highpressure sodium lamps to produce the same effects.
=ineral nutrients green plants must absorb certain minerals through their roots to surie.
The essential elements needed in large -uantities include potassium, calcium, nitrogen,
magnesium, phosphorus and sulfur.
Hydroponics may also be called 4controlled enironmental agriculture4 as it helps to control the
enironmental systems like water, light, +>', o#ygen, pH and nutrient.
Index of image of hydroponic
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Basic Hydroponic Systems and Ho !hey "or#
There are : basic types of hydroponic systems; Wick, Water +ulture$ ?bb and )low 1)lood
2rain3, 2rip 1recoery or nonrecoery3, B.).T% 1Butrient )ilm Techni-ue3 and Aeroponic.There
are hundreds of ariations on these basic types of systems, but all hydroponic methods are a
ariation or combination of these si#.
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The Wick system is by far the simplest type of hydroponic system. This is a passie system,
which means there are no moing parts. The nutrient solution is drawn into the growing medium
from the reseroir with a wick. )ree plans for a simple wick system are aailable. This system can
use a ariety of growing medium. (erlite, Eermiculite, (ro=i# and +oconut )ibre are among the
most popular. The biggest drawback of this system is that plants that are large or use large amounts
of water may use up the nutrient solution faster than the wicks can supply it.
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The water culture system is the simplest of all actie hydroponic systems. The platform that
holds the plants is usually made of Styrofoam and floats directly on the nutrient solution. An air
pump supplies air to the air stone that bubbles the nutrient solution and supplies o#ygen to the roots
of the plants.
Water culture is the system of choice for growing leaf lettuce, which are fast growing water
loing plants, making them an ideal choice for this type of hydroponic system. Eery few plants
other than lettuce will do well in this type of system.
This type of hydroponic system is great for the classroom and is popular with teachers. A
ery ine#pensie system can be made out of an old a-uarium or other water tight container. There
hae free plans and instructions for a simply water culture system.
The biggest drawback of this kind of system is that it doesn6t work well with large plants or
with longterm plants.
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The ?bb and )low system works by temporarily flooding the grow tray with nutrient
solution and then draining the solution back into the reseroir. This action is normally done with a
submerged pump that is connected to a timer.
When the timer turns the pump on nutrient solution is pumped into the grow tray. When the
timer shuts the pump off the nutrient solution flows back into the reseroir. The Timer is set to come
on seeral times a day, depending on the si7e and type of plants, temperature and humidity and the
type of growing medium used.
The ?bb )low is a ersatile system that can be used with a ariety of growing mediums.
The entire grow tray can be filled with Grow 5ocks, grael or granular 5ockwool. =any people
like to use indiidual pots filled with growing medium, this makes it easier to moe plants around
or een moe them in or out of the system. The main disadantage of this type of system is that
with some types of growing medium 1Grael, Growrocks, (erlite3, there is a ulnerability to power
outages as well as pump and timer failures. The roots can dry out -uickly when the watering cycles
are interrupted. This problem can be relieed somewhat by using growing media that retains more
water 15ockwool, Eermiculite, coconut fibre or a good soilless mi# like (romi# or )affard6s3.
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8. 25$( SDST?=S 5?+>E?5D B>B5?+>E?5D
2rip systems are probably the most widely used type of hydroponic system in the world.
>peration is simple, a timer controls a submersed pump. The timer turns the pump on and nutrient
solution is dripped onto the base of each plant by a small drip line. $n a 5ecoery 2rip System the
e#cess nutrient solution that runs off is collected back in the reseroir for reuse. The Bon5ecoery
System does not collect the run off.
A recoery system uses nutrient solution a bit more efficiently, as e#cess solution is reused,
this also allows for the use of a more ine#pensie timer because a recoery system doesn6t re-uire
precise control of the watering cycles. The nonrecoery system needs to hae a more precise timer
so that watering cycles can be ad!usted to insure that the plants get enough nutrient solution and the
runoff is kept to a minimum.
The nonrecoery system re-uires less maintenance due to the fact that the e#cess nutrient
solution isn6t recycled back into the tank, so the nutrient strength and pH of the tank will not ary.
This means that you can fill the tank with pH ad!usted nutrient solution and then forget it until you
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need to mi# more. A recoery system can hae large shifts in the pH and nutrient strength leels
that re-uire periodic checking and ad!usting.
F. B.).T. 1Butrient )ilm Techni-ue3
This is the kind of hydroponic system most people think of when they think about
hydroponics. B.).T. systems hae a constant flow of nutrient solution so no timer re-uired for the
submersible pump. The nutrient solution is pumped into the growing tray 1usually a tube3 and flows
oer the roots of the plants, and then drains back into the reseroir.
There is usually no growing medium used other than air, which saes the e#pense of
replacing the growing medium after eery crop. Bormally the plant is supported in a small plastic
basket with the roots hanging into the nutrient solution.
B.).T. systems are ery ulnerable to power outages and pump failures. The roots dry out
ery rapidly when the flow of nutrient solution is interrupted
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The aeroponic system is probably the most hightech type of hydroponic gardening. Like the
B.).T. system aboe the growing medium is primarily air. The roots hang in the air and are misted
with nutrient solution. The misting is usually done eery few minutes. ecause the roots are
e#posed to the air like the B.).T. system, the roots will dry out rapidly if the misting cycles are
interrupted.
A timer controls the nutrient pump much like other types of hydroponic systems, e#cept the
aeroponic system needs a short cycle timer that runs the pump for a few seconds eery couple of
minutes.
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)ertili7er for organic hydroponics
Difference &eteen hydroponic$ organic and 'regu(ar' ferti(i)ers
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oth hydroponic fertili7ers and those intended for use in soil contain the three ma!or
nutrients, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The ma!or difference in hydroponic fertili7ers is that
they contain the proper amounts of all the essential micronutrients which fertili7ers intended for
use with soil do not. The plants are e#pected to find these elements in the soil, assuming that the
trace elements are in fact present. (roblems can arise for the plants if any or all of the micro
nutrients are not present in the soil or are depleted by successie or e#cessie plantings. Hydroponic
fertili7ers are usually in a more refined form with fewer impurities making them both more stable
and soluble for better absorption. >rganic fertili7ers, in most cases, are ery different than either
hydroponic or soil fertili7ers both in composition and how they delier the nutrient to the plants.
>rganic fertili7ers rely on the synergistic action of bacteria and microbes to break down nutritional
substances for easier uptake by the plants.
Hydroponic and soil fertili7ers proide nutrients in a readytouse form. While once, they
were mutually e#clusie, in recent years a number of outstanding organic fertili7ers hae hit the
market in formulations refined enough for use in hydroponics
*d+antages of Hydroponics
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Today, space is increasingly at the premium. With hydroponics, plants can be grown
anywhere where no soil e#ists and light is aailable. )or e#ample, plants can be grown on a rooftop
or ne#t to the window sill. $n apan, egetables are grown in the supermarket itself and it supplies
crispy fresh egetables to the shoppers. $t saes money on transport and the benefit of haing fresh
produce offset the high cost of city land. Therefore, hydroponics farming can be iable irrespectie
of the alue of land.
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A soil system is difficult to keep in control due to the comple# chemical and biological
nature of the soil. (lants nutrients are fre-uently not aailable to plants due to poor soil structure or
unfaourable soil pH alue. (lants growing in soil are also fre-uent competitors for the essential in
the soil solution. >n the contrary, a hydroponics grower has the freedom to regulate the composition
of the nutrient solution and the fre-uency of the feeding of nutrient. This gies the hydroponics
grower a considerable degree of control oer the plant growth.
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Hydroponics has no need for tilling of soil, fumigation, watering, pulling of weeds or yelling
at the neighbour6s dog for running through your crops.
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A properly designed hydroponics system uses a lot less water and nutrients than soil culture.
This is because the nutrients can be recycled through the system. This adantage is significant as it
can lead to a reduction in the pollution of land and the stream with high leels of run off nutrients.
F. (?ST AB2 2$S?AS? (5>L?=S A5? 5?2*+?2
The chance of soilborne disease is largely reduced with hydroponics as it is a soilless
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culture system, thus the need to fumigate is much lessened. With soil culture, the animal waste, high
residues of pesticides, and soil microorganisms applied on to food crops and pose a health ha7ard to
consumers.
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$n hydroponics cultiation, seedlings can be easily raised in either foam or rock wool
propagation blocks. These blocks can be then transplanted directly into the hydroponics system
without a need to prick out the plants as in the case of soil media. Therefore, hydroponics shortens
the propagation time needed and also reduces the transplant shock in young seedlings.
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The use of heay machines in conentional agriculture farming compacts in the soil and
results in damage to the soil structure. This could lead to serious soil erosion problems. $t is
estimated that in the *nited States, three billion tonnes of topsoil are lost through soil erosion eery
year as a result of human actiities. This problem could be significantly curtailed if much of the
present farmlands are conerted to hydroponics farming.
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$n hydroponics culture, the plant nutrients and water are aailable in sufficient amounts all
year round, thus allowing higher density planting. $t is also possible to grow plants in multileels
with hydroponics. Together with the absence of pests and diseases which can affect the oerall
production, the increase in yields per acre under hydroponics cultiation is striking compared to soil
cultiation.
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Disad+antage of hydroponics
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The initial cost for construction of the hydroponics system is high, so, a hydroponics farmer
may be limited in growing crops that either gies a high return or rapid turnoer.
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Trained personnel knowledgeable in the principles of plant nutrition and operation of
commercial hydroponics are necessary to manage a hydroponics farm, as the failure rate is high in
the hands of amateurs.
Conc(usion
Hydroponics is a farming method that doesn6t use soil but water or the other porous
substances as a growth medium. $t has a nutrient control that content of essential component as
plant needs. esides easy to grow the plant, by using hydroponics techni-ue also more easier
compare by grow the plant with the soil method because it really simple and can gie the plant the
nutrient as they needed.
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)urthermore, hydroponic hae many benefits which is the plant can be grown by any places
where no soil e#ist, easy to control the plants growth, well maintained of water and nutrient, culture
e#tensie where the plant nutrients and water are aailable in sufficient amounts all year round, thus
allowing higher density planting, also can reduce the pest and disease and many more.
Bi&(iography
". )rom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
,http
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:. =erli H. ensen 1"&&03 MhydroponicsN
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