48241294-sistem-endokrine-110302115416-phpapp02

8/14/2019 48241294-sistem-endokrine-110302115416-phpapp02

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i akhir sesi pembelajaran pelatihi akhir sesi pembelajaran pelatihapatapat1.Menghuraikan lokasi kelenjar-kelenjar sistem

endokrina.

2.Menyenaraikan kelenjar-kelenjar sistem endokrina.

3.Menyatakan fungsi kelenjar

a.Pitutari

b.Tiroidc.Paratiroid

d.Adrenal

e.Pineal

f.Timus


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Sistem endokrina dikelaskan kepada dua:

1. Kelenjar endokrina

- sel-sel, tisu-tisu danorgan-organ yang

merembeskan hormon ke dalam cecair badan

secara langsung tanpa duktus.

2. Kelenjar eksokrina

- bhg organ yg merembeskan penghasilan ke

dlm dan permukaan badan melalui duktus.


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ama kelenjarama kelenjar Lokasiokasi

kelenjarkelenjarpituitariituitari erlekat pada hipotalamus erlekat pada hipotalamus ( )ella turcica pelana turki( )ella turcica pelana turki kelenjar tiroidkelenjar tiroid ,i bawah larink depan trakea ,i bawah larink depan trakea

kelenjarkelenjarparatiroidaratiroid i permukaan posterior tiroidi permukaan posterior tiroid

kelenjar adrenalkelenjar adrenal i atas pada setiap ginjali atas pada setiap ginjal


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a m a k el e n j ar L ok as

1 kelenjar pineal Di antara hemisfera serebral

2 ovariDi permukaan posterior ligamen

,lebar melekat pada mesovarium

2 testis Di dalam kaviti skrotum

-Sel sel isletslangerhans

Bertaburan di pankreas


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a m a k el e n j ar L ok as

lasenta Di uterus semasa ibu hamil

TimusDi mediastinum

&!astrik mukosaintestinal

Di dalam kaviti abdomen


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lasifikasi #ormonlasifikasi #ormon

n d o k r n a n d o k r n a o r mo n % a n g d k e lu a rk an k eo r m o n %a ng d k e lu a r k a n k e lm p er e d ar an d ar a h d a n h a n % a be r nt e r a k sl m p ere da r a n d a r a h d a n h a n% a b e r n t e r ak s

.en ga n s e l s e l sa sa r a n .e n ga n s el s el s a s a r a n a r a k r n aa r a k r n a & or m on % an g b er t n d ak k e at a so r mo n %a n g be r t n da k ke at as

.el s e l %a ng t er d e k a t .e l s el % a n g t er d e ka t u t o k r n a u t o k r n a & or m on % an g d k e lu a rk a n d a no r mo n %a n g d k el u ar k an d an

et er us n %a b e r t nd a k ke a ta s s e l s e l % an ge t er us n % a b e r t nd ak k e a t a s se l s e l %a n g .e n g e l u a r k a n % a .e n g e l u a r k a n % a


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he $ndocrine !landshe $ndocrine !lands


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&he $ndocrine !lands their #ormones &he $ndocrine !lands their #ormonesasic principles in hormone actionsasic principles in hormone actions

his helps maintainhis helps maintain #()$(ST'S*S()$(ST'S*S


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&he $ndocrine !lands their #ormones &he $ndocrine !lands their #ormones

h%roid !land- roduces , main hormonesroduces , main hormones- ( )riiodoth%ronine T,( )riiodoth%ronine T,- ( )h%ro-ine T4( )h%ro-ine T4egulate bod% metabolism and areegulate bod% metabolism and aremportant in bone growth and maturatmportant in bone growth and maturatf the brainf the brain- ongenital lack of th%roid hormonesongenital lack of th%roid hormones.retinism.retinism-.alcitoninalcitonincts b% reducing calcium levelscts b% reducing calcium levels


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&he $ndocrine !lands their #ormonesarath%roid !land

- arath%roid #ormonearath%roid #ormoneaises Blood .alciumaises Blood .alcium

( ntagoni/e ntagoni/e .alcitoninalcitonin ) ,his hormone acts on bone kidne% ,his hormone acts on bone kidne%nd the gutnd the gut


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&he $ndocrine !lands their #ormonesh%mus !land

-Th%mosinh%mosin timulates the production of L%mphoc%tetimulates the production of L%mphoc%te-Th%mostatinh%mostatin nhibits the production of L%mphoc%tesnhibits the production of L%mphoc%tesTh%mush%mus mportant for the neonatalmportant for the neonatalroduction of antibodiesroduction of antibodies

h%mush%mus land being at the centerland being at the center , ,f endocrine neural and immune, ,f endocrine neural and immunes%stems%stems


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&he $ndocrine !lands their #ormones#eart

- ranular cells in the heart muscleranular cells in the heart muscleecreteecrete (trial Natriuretic 0actor (trial Natriuretic 0actor

. ..'N0N0 ,egulates blood pressure ,egulates blood pressure ,lood volume and e-cretion,lood volume and e-cretion ,f water sodium and,f water sodium andpotassiumotassium

. ..'N0N0 lso a neuropeptide in lso a neuropeptide inhe brainhe brain


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&he $ndocrine !lands their #ormonesastrointestinal #ormonesastrointestinal #ormones

- he mucosa of the !* tract secretesa o/en $ T* $ hormones most important.Secretin ecreted in the smallntestine Stimulates the secretionf pancreatic bicarbonate and has ther functions on digestion. !astrin ecreted in the walls oftomach timulate %drochloric acid secretiontimulate ancreatic en/%me secretion. .holec%stokinin ecreted in the small intestinetimulate gall ladder contraction Stimulate


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&he $ndocrine !lands their #ormonesancreas

ndocrine cells in the pancreassecrete major t%pes of hormones.*nsulinecreted in response toncrease in blood glucose

;evels So insulin L($+Slucose levels b% *N.+$'S*N!lucose T'"$ in cells where .t is stored as gl%cogen. !lucagonncreases blood glucoseevels b% timulating the conversion


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&he $ndocrine !lands their #ormonesdrenal !lands

&parts )edulla .orte-drenal .orte- categories of steroidhormones. )ineralocorticoids. !lucocorticoids

. Se- Steroidsdrenal )edulla. 'drenaline. Noradrenaline


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&he $ndocrine !lands their #ormonesdrenal .orte-

f there is a sodium,eprivation ldosterone is secreted andactso increase reabsorption of ( +)odium ions N' in thekidne%s ,alivar% glands and sweat.lands

,tress #ormone converts storedroteins to carboh%drate during.tress 'nti inflammator% and .mmunosuppressive functions

Androgen

Estrogen

nfluence se-ual differentiationd bodil% changes during puber


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&he $ndocrine !lands their #ormonesdrenal )edulla

ne eleased followingtress due to environmental;-tremes *ncreases heartate and blood glucose levels,o increases the amount of workhe musclesaline ,s 'drenaline act as a NT ( ) ;euro transmiter in the brain eripher% increase blood prnd constrict blood vessels ( , ,oradrenaline stress and heart disease


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&he $ndocrine !lands their #ormones;onads (varies

major classes of hormones$ST+(!$NS+(!$ST*NSrimar% $ST+(!$N $stradiolthers ,striol $strone%nthetic estrogens Birth control pi -strogens evelopment of se-ual haracteristics at pube - nfluence metabolic rat - nfluence se-ual and aternal behavior


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&he $ndocrine !lands their #ormones;onads (varies

+(!$ST*N rogesterone- timulates breast and uterine &nlargement at pubert% duringenstrual c%cle- (aintains pregnanc% inhibits menstr )%cle during pregnanc%

ther hormone released at the end ofregnanc% +ela-in .cts to prepare the birth canal

.r o g e n a n d r o g e s t e r o n e a c t n s % n e r g %


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&he $ndocrine !lands their #ormoneslacenta

- ormones secreted b% the fertili/ed egg( )sed in pregnanc% tests ( )uman .horionic !onadotropin #.!ct b% keeping progesterone high at theeginning of a pregnanc%

( )uman lacental Lactogen # Ltimulates the mammar% glands to begino secrete milk


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&he ituitar% !land its #ormone

- ttached to the #3 (T#'L')S- ecretion of the pituitar% hormons regulated % h%pothalamus- -3 (T#'L')*. *T*T'+3connection


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&he ituitar% !land its #ormone'N'T()3- parts--> nterior Lobe

- ars distalis--> ntermediate Lobe- ars intermedia--> osterior Lobe- ars nervosa

( )eural cellsirect e-tensionf theh%pothalamus


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Attaches the

hypothalamus to thepituitary. Also calledthe Infundibulum

Neuroh%poph%sis

- euroscretor% .ells - ( )araventricular nucleus N - ( )upraoptic nucleus S(N- ormones secreted-(53T(.*N-'S( +$SS*N

PVN SON

AXONS


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Attaches the


Neuroh%poph%sis

PVN SON

AXONS

&53T(.*N 'S( +$SS*N- re reall% #3 (T#'L')*.hormones- 53T(.*N main functions

--> romotes uterine contractio --> timulates milk ejection fr ammar% glands during lactation


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- 'S( +$S*N --> ntidiuretic hormone --> aises blood pressure --> romotes water reabsorption % kidne%s --> entrall% ma% promote memor% - inding proteins for both &-%tocin vasopressin

> N e u r o p h % s n s


Attaches the


Neuroh%poph%sis

PVN SON

AXONS


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Attaches the


denoh%poph%sis

AXONS

( )$N(#3 ( #3S*S 'NT$+*(+echanism for release of hormones

rue endocrine gland becauseelease hormone in the bloodstrea( )%poph%sal portal s%stem


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Median eminence

. Neurosecretor% cells of the %pothalamus release their hormon t the median eminence. #ormones circulate in bloodstream. .arried to the adenoh%poph%sis. Stimulates secretion of other ormones from the adenoph%sis. These hormones are then released n the bloodstream to reach .heir target cells


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Attaches the


'denoh%poph%sis

AXONS

denoh%poph%sis 7 hormones. ( )!rowth #ormone !# ( )lso called somatotropin =ropic stimulating effect=# promotes growth in almost ll bod% cells

lot of attention for degenerativ..isease -'l/heimer-arkinson- - .nti 'ging etc


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Attaches the


'denoh%poph%sis

AXONS

denoh%poph%sis 7 hormones. 'drenocorticotropic #ormone'.T#

ole Stimulates s%nthesis and elease of glucocortico hormones - -%pothalamic pituitar% adrenal-is


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Attaches the


'denoh%poph%sis

AXONS

denoh%poph%sis 7 hormones. Th%roid Stimulating #ormone TS#

ole Stimulates the s%nthesis an ( )elease of th%ro-ine T4 ( )nd triiodoch%ronine T, .rom the th%roid


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Attaches the


'denoh%poph%sis

AXONS

denoh%poph%sis 7 hormones =last hormones . onadotropic hormones. (0ollicle stimulating hormone 0

,ole *n both se-es promotes theevelopment of reproductive( )ells gametes andromotes secretion ofonadal hormonesales stimulates sperm productioemales stimulates growth of rimar% follicle of ovar


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Attaches the


Adenohypophysis

AXONS

denoh%poph%sis 7 hormones =last hormones . onadotropic hormones. ( )Luteini/ing hormone L#ole

emale Stimulates ovulation and -ormation of progesterone ecreting cellsales Stimulates cells that secret ( . . )ndrogens e g testosterone


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&e ituitar% !land its #ormone

Attaches the


denoh%poph%sis

AXONS

denoh%poph%sis 7 hormones =last hormones . onadotropic hormones. ( )rolactin +Lole *nitiates milk s%nthesis in ammar% glands

ther functions related to &rowth parental behaviornteraction with serotonin also( )mportant in depression


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Attaches the


denoh%poph%sis

AXONS

on traditional hormone from theadenoh%poph%sis--> -eta endorphin

erivative from ().(). %nthesi/ed in the parsistalis and pars intermedi

, &roken down into '.T# )S#-eta endorphins b% en/%mes


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-eta $ndorphin ole to pla% in --> 'nalgesia--> earning and )emor%--> s%chiatric diseases--> , ,eeding Thermoregulation--> lood pressure--> ..lso called the drug of the jogger


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Attaches the


AXONS

Synthesie the hormone calledMelanocyte stimulating hormones!hich acts in amphibian to change

s"in color


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$+*)' "'S*#$+*)' "'S*#

48241294-sistem-endokrine-110302115416-phpapp02

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