HUBUNGAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DENGAN

KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA USIA (6-60) BULAN DI

KELURAHAN SUMBERSARI

SKRIPSI

Oleh :

MEGA DWI ANGGRAENI

NIM. 201510420311115

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN

FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2019

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HUBUNGAN PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF DENGAN

KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA USIA (6-60) BULAN DI

KELURAHAN SUMBERSARI

SKRIPSI

Untuk Memenuhi Sebagai Persyaratan Mencapai Gelar Sarjan Keperawatan (S.Kep)

Pada Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Oleh : MEGA DWI ANGGRAENI

NIM. 201510420311115

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KEPERAWATAN

FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2019

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KATA PENGANTAR

Dengan mengucapkan puji syukur Alhamdulilah, akhirnya saya dapat

menyeleseikan proposal skripsi dengan judul “Hubungan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif

dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Usia 6-60 Bulan di Kelurahan sumbersari”.

Proposal skripsi ini dibuat sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar sarjana

keperawatan (S.kep) pada program studi Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Dengan ini perkenankanlah saya mengucapkan

terima kasih yang sebesar – besarnya dengan hati yang tulus kepada :

1. Bapak Faqih Ruhyanudin M.Kep, Sp. KMB selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu

Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang dan selaku Dosen

Pembimbing I, terimakasih telah memberikan arahan dan masukan yang

sangat berguna serta memberikan motivasi selama penyusunan skripsi ini.

2. Ibu Nur Lailatul Masruroh S.Kep,Ns, MNS selaku Ketua Program Studi

Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah

Malang.

3. Edi Purwanto, S.Kep., Ns., Mng selaku pembimbing II. Terimakasih atas

semua ilmu, masukan dan motivasi yang telah diberikan.

4. Bapak Zahid Fikri, S.Kep.,Ns.,M.Kep selaku Dosen Wali Program Studi

Ilmu Keperawatan – PSIK C 2015.

5. Seluruh Dosen, staff Lab dan staff TU Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan

yang telah memberikan ilmunya.

6. Kedua orang tua saya, terimakasih karena tiada henti untuk selalu

mendoakan dan menyemangati mulai dari awal perkuliahan hingga proses

penyelesaian skripsi.

Serta semua pihak yang telah membntu dalam penyelesaian skripsi ini. Mohon

maaf atas segalah kesalahan dan ketidaksopanan yang mungkin tela saya perbuat.

Semoga Allah SWT senantiasa memudahkan setiap langkah-langkah kita menuju

kebaikan dan selalu menganugerahkan kasih sayang-Nya untuk kita semua

Malang, 26 September 2019

Penulis

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DAFTAR ISI

SAMPUL DALAM .............................................................................................. i LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ............................................................................... ii LEMBAR PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN PENELITIAN ................................ iii KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................... iv ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... v ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... vi DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................... vii DAFTAR TABEL............................................................................................... x DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... xi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................... xii DAFTAR SINGKATAN ................................................................................. xiii BAB I PENDAHULUAN ..............................................................................1 1.1 Latar Belakang............................................................................................... 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ......................................................................................... 6 1.3 Tujuan ............................................................................................................ 6 1.3.1 Tujuan Umum .................................................................................... 6 1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus ................................................................................... 6 1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................................ 7 1.4.1 Manfaat Bagi Peneliti ........................................................................ 7 1.4.2 Manfaat Bagi Masyarakat .................................................................. 7 1.4.3 Manfaat Bagi Pelayanan Kesehatan ................................................ 7 1.5 Keaslian Penelitian ....................................................................................... 7 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ..................................................................... 11 2.1 Konsep Gizi Pada Balita ...........................................................................11 2.1.1 Definisi Gizi .....................................................................................11 2.1.2 Status Gizi .........................................................................................13 2.1.3 Klasifikasi Status Gizi .....................................................................14 2.1.4 Penilaian Status Gizi ........................................................................16 2.2 Konsep Stunting ...........................................................................................18 2.2.1 Definisi Stunting ..............................................................................18 2.2.2 Etiologi Stunting ................................................................................19 2.2.3 Faktor-faktor Stunting ......................................................................19 2.3 Penilaian Stunting dengan Antropometri .................................................30 2.3.1 Indikator Antropometri ..................................................................30 2.3.2 Interpretasi Hasil Antropometri ....................................................33 2.4 Gejala Stunting..............................................................................................34 2.4.1 Upaya Pencegahan Stunting .............................................................34 2.5 Indikator Stunting ........................................................................................36 2.6 Pengertian ASI ............................................................................................38 2.6.1 Kandungan ASI ...............................................................................39 2.6.2 Jenis-jenis ASI ..................................................................................43 2.6.3 Manfaat dan Keunggulan ASI........................................................45 2.7 Hubungan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif dengan Kejadian Stunting ..........47

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BAB III KERANGKA KONSEP DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN .......... 52 3.1 Kerangka Konsep ......................................................................................52 3.2 Penjelasan Kerangka Konsep ...................................................................54 3.3 Hipotesis Penelitian ....................................................................................55 BAB IV METODE PENELITIAN ............................................................... 56 4.1 Desain Penelitian .......................................................................................56 4.2 Kerangka Penelitian ...................................................................................57 4.3 Populasi, Teknik Sampling dan Sampel Penelitian ................................59 4.3.1 Populasi Penelitian ...........................................................................59 4.3.2 Teknik Sampling ..............................................................................59 4.3.3 Sampel Penelitian .............................................................................59 4.4 Variabel Penelitian ......................................................................................60 4.4.1 Variabel Bebas (Independen) .........................................................60 4.4.2 Variabel Terikat (Dependen) .........................................................60 4.5 Definisi Operasional .................................................................................61 4.6 Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian .................................................................62 4.7 Instrumen Penelitian .................................................................................63 4.7.1 Kuesioner Karakteristik .................................................................63 4.7.2 Kuesioner ASI Eksklusif ...............................................................63 4.7.3 Pengukuran Stunting .........................................................................64 4.7.4 Microtoise ...........................................................................................65 4.8 Uji Validitas dan Uji Reliabilitas ..............................................................65 4.8.1 Uji Validitas .....................................................................................65 4.8.2 Uji Reliabilitas .................................................................................65 4.9 Pengumpulan Data .....................................................................................66 4.9.1 Tahap Persiapan ..............................................................................66 4.9.2 Tahap Pelaksanaan .........................................................................67 4.9.3 Tahap Pengolahan Data ................................................................67 4.10 Analisa Data ...............................................................................................69 4.10.1 Analisa Univariate ............................................................................69 4.10.2 Analisa Bivariate ..............................................................................70 4.11 Etika Penelitian .........................................................................................71 BAB V HASIL PENELITIAN DAN ANALISIS DATA ............................ 74 5.1 Karakteristik Responden ...........................................................................74 5.1.1 Data Umum .....................................................................................74 5.1.2 Data Khusus ....................................................................................75 5.2 Variabel Penelitian ......................................................................................76 5.2.1 ASI Eksklusif dan Stunting .............................................................76 5.2.2 Tabulasi Silang ASI Eksklusif dan Stunting .................................76 5.3 Analisis Penelitian .......................................................................................77 BAB VI PEMBAHASAN ............................................................................... 78 6.1 Identifikasi ASI Eksklusif ..........................................................................78 6.2 Identifikasi Stunting .....................................................................................81 6.3 Analisis Hubungan ASI Eksklusif dengan Stunting ................................82

6.4 Keterbatasan Penelitian .............................................................................85 6.2 Implikasi Keperawatan ..............................................................................85

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BAB VII KESIMPULAN DAN PENUTUP .................................................. 87

7.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................................................87 7.2 Saran .............................................................................................................87

7.2 .1 Bagi Masyarakat ............................................................................87 7.2 .2 Bagi Petugas Kesehatan atau Kader Wilayah ...........................88 7.2 .3 Bagi Peneliti Selanjutnya ..............................................................88

Daftar Pustaka ......................................................................................................................89 Daftar Lampiran ....................................................................................................................93

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Kategori dan Ambang Batas Status Gizi Anak Berdasarkan Indeks PB/U atau TB/U ..........................................................................................................37

Tabel 2.2 Tinggi Badan dan Berat Badan Rata-rata Anak Umur 0-6 Tahun .............38 Tabel 4.3 Definisi Operasional .........................................................................................62 Tabel 5.1 Distribusi Frekuensi Umur, Pendidikan dan Pekerjaan Ibu .........................74 Tabel 5.2 Distribusi frekuensi berdasarkan pada Usia, BB Lahir dan Jenis Kelamin

Balita ....................................................................................................................75 Tabel 5.3 Distribusi Frekuensi Pemberian ASI Eksklusif dan Kejadian Stunting .......76 Tabel 5.4 Tabulasi Silang Hubungan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif dengan Kejadian

Stunting ..................................................................................................................76 Tabel 5.5 Analisa Data Hubungan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif dengan Kejadian

Stunting ..................................................................................................................77

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 3.1 Kerangka Konsep ..........................................................................................53 Gambar 4.1 Kerangka Penelitian .......................................................................................58

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1 Inform Consent .................................................................................................93 Lampiran 2 Kuesioner Penelitian ....................................................................................94 Lampiran 3 Surat Ketersediaan Menjadi Pembimbing I .............................................96 Lampiran 4 Surat Ketersediaan Menjadi Pembimbing II ............................................97 Lampiran 5 Lembar ACC Judul skripsi FIKES UMM .................................................98 Lampiran 6 Lembar Konsultasi Pembimbing I ............................................................99 Lampiran 7 Lembar Konsultasi Pembimbing II ........................................................ 100 Lampiran 8 Hasil Deteksi Plagiasi Seminar Proposal Skripsi .................................. 103 Lampiran 9 Surat Keterangan Selesai Penelitian ........................................................ 105 Lampiran 10 Data Umum ............................................................................................... 106 Lampiran 11 Distribusi Frekuensi Kejadian Stunting dan ASI Eksklusif .................. 108 Lampiran 12 Hasil Uji Chi Square .................................................................................... 109 Lampiran 13 Hasil Kuesioner ........................................................................................... 110 Lampiran 14 Data Balita ................................................................................................... 114 Lampiran 15 Dokumentasi Penelitian ............................................................................. 116 Lampiran Daftar Riwayat Hidup .................................................................................... 117

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DAFTAR SINGKATAN

MDG’S : Millenium Development Goals

WHO : World Health Organization

WHO-NCHS : World Health Organization-Nationa Center for Health Statistics

TB/U : Tinggi Badan menurut Umur

PB/U : Panjang Badan menurut Umur

IMT : Indeks Massa Tubuh

SD : Standar Deviasi

KEK : Kekurangan Energi Kronis

LILA : Lingkar Lengan Atas

PSG : Pemantauan Status Gizi

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