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ABSTRACT

THE EFFECT OF DEFORESTATION TO THE DIVERSITY

OF POLLINATORS AND COFFEE PRODUCTIVITY

IN SUB-DISTRICT OF SILO JEMBER EAST JAVA

by

Dini Siti Anggraeni

Student ID: 21307002

(Study Program of Biomanagement)

One of forests roles as a natural ecosystem is providing a habitat or living placefor pollinators, which play an important role in facilitating the pollination process.One of the agricultural export commodities that relies on pollination is coffee(Coffea canephora) because this type of coffee is self-sterilized in nature.Nevertheless, the decline in global coffee price has made farmers leave their fieldand set off deforestation. The occurrence of deforestation, in turn, urges theoccurrence of consequences, both ecologically and economically which requireinterdisciplinary approach to evaluate the after-effect possibilities to that landalteration. For that reason, this research seeks to find out the effect ofdeforestation to the diversity of pollinators and coffee productivity. This researchtook place in two separate locations in Sidomulyo Village, Sub-district of Silo,Jember Regency, East Java. The stages in doing this research include: 1)

comparing the coffee productivity in both locations through 3 parameters, whichare fruit mass, the frequency ofpeaberry formation, and the value of fruit set; 2)comparing the diversity of coffee flower-visiting insects in both locations ofresearch; 3) finding out the most potential bee species in becoming the pollinatorto Coffea canephora; and 4) calculating the economic value of forests role as ahabitat for the Coffea canephoras pollinator. The data of coffee productivity werethen tested in terms of their normality and homogeneity, and then statisticallyanalyzed using the independent samples t-test (P

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value of the preserved forest in Mt. Gumitir area as a pollinators habitat is asmuch as Rp. 1.785.000.000,00 (US $ 148,209.82). Based on the research, it can beconcluded that deforestation has a significant effect on the decreased diversity andthe overpopulation of pollinators in a habitat. Besides, the difference in decreaseddiversity and overpopulation in both research sites has a vast consequence on

coffee productivity, that of a location near to a forest is higher than the other onelocated far from a forest.

Keywords : deforestation, diversity, bees, pollinator, productivity, Coffeacanephora, economy valuation.

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ABSTRAK

PENGARUHDEFORESTASITERHADAPKEANEKARAGAMANPOLINATORDANPRODUKTIVITASKOPIDIKECAMATANSILO

JEMBERJAWATIMUR

OlehDiniSitiAnggraeni

NIM:21307002(Program Studi Biologi Manajemen)

Salah satu jasa hutan sebagai ekosistem alami adalah perannya sebagai habitatatau tempat hidup bagi polinator yang berperan penting dalam memberikan jasapolinasi. Salah satu komoditas ekspor dalam sektor perkebunan yang bergantungpada jasa polinasi adalah kopi (Coffea canephora), karena jenis kopi ini bersifatself-steril. Meskipun demikian, menurunnya harga perdagangan kopi dunia telahmengakibatkan para produsen meninggalkan perkebunan kopinya dan melakukandeforestasi. Terjadinya deforestasi mendorong timbulnya konsekuensi baik secaraekologis dan ekonomis, yang memerlukan pendekatan interdisiplin untukmengevaluasi kemungkinan dampak dari perubahan lahan tersebut. Oleh karenaitu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh deforestasiterhadap keanekaragaman polinator dan produktivitas kopi. Penelitian inidilaksanakan di dua lokasi Desa Sidomulyo Kecamatan Silo Kabupaten Jember,Jawa Timur. Tahapan-tahapan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini, mencakup : 1)membandingkan produktivitas kopi di kedua lokasi penelitian dari 3 parameter,yaitu dari berat buah kopi ( fruit mass), frekuensi terbentuknya peaberry, serta

jumlah buah yang terbentuk (fruit set); 2) membandingkan keanekaragamanserangga pengunjung bunga kopi di kedua lokasi penelitian; 3) mengetahui

spesies lebah yang paling berpotensi sebagai polinator bagi Coffea canephora;dan 4) menghitung nilai ekonomi dari jasa hutan sebagai habitat polinator bagiCoffea canephora. Data mengenai produktivitas kopi diuji normalitas danhomogenitasnya, kemudian dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan independentsamples t-test (P

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kedua lokasi penelitian dari ketiga parameter berbeda secara signifikan (P