2-Pengenalan Investasi TI
Transcript of 2-Pengenalan Investasi TI
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Pengenalan Investasi TI/SI
Fajar Pradana S.ST., M.Eng
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Contoh investasi di bidangTI
Mengapa berinvestasi di bidang TI?
Ada hubungan antaraTI dengan performansi perusahaan
PerkembanganTI yang banyak mempengaruhi perusahaan
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Information Economics
Linking Business Performance andInformation Technology
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As IT adoption became more widespread, the emphasis began to shift from using IT solely to
reduce costs to also using it to improve the quality of firms’ operations and products.
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PC-Client/Server
S/360Mainframe
Asia/Pacific (Dev. Economies)
Accelerating Business
Information Economics
Total IT Spending as a Percent of RevenueSource: Gartner Group
10.0% North America
Web-Internet
Western Europe
5.0
Unit Spending
0
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
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I f i E i
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Information Economics
Some Negative Impacts of IT Investments
IT overhead costs are consistently larger than anticipated
(Source: AT. Kearney, 1987).
IT is not linked to overall productivity increases (Source: OECD,
1988).
Only 31% of companies report that the introduction of IT has
been very successful (Source: Amdahl, 1988).
70% of users declared that their systems were not running their
company’s investment (Source: Romtech, 1989).
Only 24% of firms claim an above average return on capital
from their IT (Source: Hochstrasser & Griffiths, 1990).
20% of IT spend is wasted and 30-40% of IS projects realize no
net benefit whatsoever, however measured (Source: Willcocks,
1991),And many more “discouraging” statements found in text books,
journals, magazines, etc.
What does it mean?
IT really didn’t have or give significant economic values, OR
IT values had never been explored optimally.
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Contoh Kasus: E- commerce
Pemesanan via internet yang diantar langsung ke rumahmaksimal kurun waktu 24 jam.
Pemesanan bertambah Produktifitas meningkat
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Contoh Kasus: E- Learning
Pembelajaran via internet di UB.
Investasi server, pemeliharaan, dsb
Perkirakan darimana pendapatan UB untuk e-learning?
Apakah menguntungkan?
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SCM
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Further Question
IT really didn’t have or give significant economicvalues
OR
IT values had never been explored optimally
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TIPE INVESTASI TI/SI
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Peranan TI
Bersifat unik dan spesifik Tergantung strategi
Bandingkan apa yang terjadi jika web bhineka dot com dan
toko elektronik hartono rusak? Konsumen mana yang
akan lebih panik ketika web tersebut rusak?
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5 Jenis Investasi
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Kategori 1: Kelangsungan Bisnis
KeberadaanTI mutlak Misal perbankan, beri contoh lainnya
Analisa menimbang investasi menjadi jarang
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Kategori 2: Meningkatkan efisiensi
Diharapkan dengan investasi TI terjadi reduksi biaya ataupengoptimalan alokasi sumber daya perusahaan
Misal: penerapan intranet, website, etc
Metode untuk analisa: cost benefit (dikomparasi antara
besarnya investasi dengan manfaat efisiensi yangdidapatkan)
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Kategori 3: Meningkatkan efektifitas kerja
Do the right thing Misal DSS, datawarehouse untuk keperluan business
intelligence, e-commerce, cari contoh lainnya.
Tipe investasi yang kritikal bagian dari proses tertentu
Analisa aktifitas bisnis mana yg core, mana yang bukan,dimanaTI akan menopang maksimal
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Kategori 4:lompatan keunggulan kompetitif
Meninggalkan pesaing dengan menggunakan teknologiyang pesaing belum miliki
Misal: call center, SCM, etc
Investasi bersifat strategis, perspektif jangka panjang
Analisa terkait dengan analisa strategis dengan pimpinansenior
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Kategori 5: Investasi TI yang tidak dapat
dihindarkan
teknologi informasi sebagai salah satu perangkatinfrastruktur yang tidak dapat dihindari
corporate website, office productivity (word processor,
spreadsheet, dsb)
Biasanya untuk investasi, pimpinan melakukanbenchmarking ke tempat lain.
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TEPATKAH INVESTASI TI KITA?
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Manfaat TI
Tangible Berpengaruh langsung pada profitabilitas perusahaan
Intangible
Manfaat positif yang diperoleh perusahaan namun tidak
berkorelasi langsung dengan profitabilitas perusahaanKEDUANYA ADA YANG DAPAT DIUKUR DAN ADA YANG
TIDAK DAPAT DIUKUR
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Teknik-teknik evaluasi investasi TI
ROI CBA
MULTI OBJECTIVE, MULTI CRITERIA METHOD
BOUNDARY VALUES
ROM
INFORMATION ECONOMICS
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Discussion : Productivity Gains from IS/IT
Farrell (2003) explored the link between productivity, atboth industry and organizational level, and the
expenditure on IT.
Indeed in the US, just six sectors accounted for 76% of
the country’s net productivity gain. From this sheconcluded that ‘IT is of great, but not primary, importance
to the fate of industries and individual companies’.
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