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Pertemuan 10The Manipulative part of the object data

model (Lanjutan bagian 1)

Matakuliah : M0174/OBJECT ORIENTED DATABASE

Tahun : 2005

Versi : 1/0

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Learning Outcomes

Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa

akan mampu :

• Mahasiswa dapat Menjelaskan penerapan penggunaan dan konsep data model dari generasi teknologi database (C2)

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Outline Materi

• Pick and mix operations

• Object processing operators

• Boolean operators

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Pick and mix operations

• Restrict – Restrict is a unary operator (it operates on

just one object). This operator is sometime call “select”, but here we used the name restrict so as to avoid confusion with select operation in OQL.

– This operator is used to define a set object which contain object for which some condition is true.

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Pick and mix operations

• Example

Restrict product where color = ‘Black’

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Pick and mix operations

• Union– Is a binary operator (it takes two objects as

operands).– Union of two set object is a set object which

contains all off the objects contained in one or both of the two operand set objects.

• Example

Retail_Customer Union [Customer] Trade_Customer

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Pick and mix operations

• Intersect– Intersect like union operators upon two set

objects. – The intersection of two set objects contains

object which occur in both of them.

• Example

Retail_Customer Intersect [Customer] Trade_Customer

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Pick and mix operations

• Difference (minus)– This operator like intersect and union,

operators upon two set objects.– Difference define a set object which contains

objects which occur in the first of the operand set objects, but not in the second.

• Example Retail_Customer Minus [Customer]

Trade_Customer

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Object processing operators

• Apply– Is used to process the objects in a set by

applying to each of them a specific operation.

• Fold– This operator like Apply, applies an operation

to each object in a set, but also applies a second operation to resulting object so as to combine them into a single object

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Object processing operators

• Join– A join operation matches object within

difference set object, and then applies a specified function to each matching pair.

• Tuple_Join– The tuple_join of two set objects R and S

using the matching function P.

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Object processing operators

• Outer_Join– The outer_Join combines objects taken from two

operand set object and uses three functions. The first processes pair of matching objects, the second processes unmatched objects from the first operand, and the third processes unmatched object from the second operand.

• Least_Fixed_Point– This operator retrieves information by repeatedly

applying a specified function until no further information can be granted.

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Boolean operators

• Exists– This operator returns true if there exists within

a set object an object for which a specified Boolean condition evaluates to true, otherwise it returns false.

• Forall– This operator returns true if a specified

Boolean expression returns true for all objects contain in the operand set object, otherwise the expression returns false.

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Boolean operators

• Member– The member operator returns true if a

specified object is contained with a set-objects, otherwise it returns false.

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SUMMARY

• The pick and mix operator upon set objects are RESTRICT, UNION, INTERSECT, DIFFERENCE, CHOOSE, GROUP, AND ELIMINATE_DUPLICATES

• Object processing operators include APPLY, FOLD, JOIN, and LEAST_FIXED POINT

• Boolean operators include EXIST, FORALL, and MEMBER