Post on 29-Mar-2023
RESEARCH PAPER
TRADITION NYADRAN IN DORO VILLAGE, PEKALONGAN REGENCY
COMPOSSED BY:
KAROMAH WIDIANINGSIH (13020112120003)
UNIVERSITY OF DIPONEGORO
FACULTY OF HUMANITIES
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
2013/2014
iii
Acknowledgment
First of all let us thank to God who has given us a chance so we can complete our
assignment in the major of Theory of Culture successfully. We also owe a great debt of thanks
to the people and also institutions that have helped us with data for this paper. And many of the
references we have got and a lot of material s that collected with full of wonderful details.
We also thank to Mr.Nurdien as our lecturer who has given us chances to explore deeper
about the Theory of Culture explaination within context about the culture that existed in society
,so that we can also learn more and discover new knowledge how the culture can exist in society
, how the society applied their culture in their life .
Although we wrote this paper in order to fulfill our responsibility for our assignment in
the major of Theory of Culture , we did not write this solely for our scoring only. But also for
any reader with an interest in culture and the development in society especially about the religion
cultural tradition in sociesty that really interesting to discuss, how we can know the history of
Nyadran Tradition that has relation with the culture .
Semarang, December 20st 2013
ii
Contents
Acknowledgements iii
Abstract iv
Chapter One 1
INTRODUCTION 1
Chapter Two 2
The Basis Theory and Methods of Data Collection 2
Chapter Three 3
DISCUSSION 3
Bibliography 9
Appendix 10
iv
TRADITION NYADRAN IN DORO VILLAGE, PEKALONGAN
REGENCY
Karomah Widianingsih
English Department Faculty Humanities of Diponegoro University
Abstract
Nyadran merupakan sebuah tradisi keagamaan dengan mengadakan selamatan satu desa
yang dilakukan setiap tahun sekali sebagai penyambutan datangnya bulan ramadhan sekaligus
berziarah ke makam untuk mendoakan arwah sanak saudara yang telah meninggal. Nyadran atau
sadranan berarti rangkaiann kegiatan keagamaan yang sudah menjadi tradisi yang
diselenggarakan masyarakat muslim pada bulan Syakban (Ruwah). Nyadran dalam islam
memiliki tujuan dan makna sendiri dalam memperdalam kedekatan manusia dengan Tuhannya
selain itu nyadran ini bertujuan untuk mendoakan arwah sanak saudara yang telah meninggal dan
semua anggota keluarga yang masih hidup. Tradisi yang turun temurun dilakukan masyakat
muslim desa Doro Tradisi yang dipercayai sebagai sarana pendekatan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha
Esa atas segala nikmat yang diperoleh serta sebagai sarana untuk mendapatkan keselamatan serta
kesehatan untuk menyambut datangnya bulan radamadhan. Konsep yang mendasari tradisi
nyadran adalah adanya asimilasi antara kebudayaan islam dan budaya masyarakat jawa
berkaitan erat dengan latar belakang sejarah perkembangan ajaran agama islam yang masuk ke
kabupaten Pekalongan dan menyebar ke desa Doro, Kabupaten Pekalongan pada zaman kewalian
(wali songo). Unsur- unsur nyadran terdiri dari tokoh masyarat, Semua warga muslim ,tempat
pelaksanaan nyadran, dan ambeng. Semua unsur yang ada dalam tradisi nyadran sangat
berpengaruh terhadap jalannya acara upacara selamatan nyadran.
Key words: Tradition nyadran, the elements and the equipments in nyadran, implementation of
event series in tradition nyadran.
1
TRADITION NYADRAN IN DORO VILLAGE
Chapter One
INTRODUCTION
As we know that culture is the habit association of many activities which are always
conducted by the people and it has the important values in society life. Where is the society there
should be the culture , because society life always cannot be released with the culture .
Koentjaraningrat said that culture is whole system of ideas, actions and products of human
endeavor in order to serve human society that belongs to human beings by learning. Culture also
very influence in the social life especially in the scope of society’s daily life . It means that
culture can be exist in the society and applied by the society in their daily life . Culture can
influence in all fields of society’s life such as religion, economic, education, social and the
pattern of society life. From existing of cultural influence in all society fields culture can make
the acculturation and assimilation so that create the tradition in society .
If we think about culture , automatically we also think about the correlation between the
relation between culture and the tradition in society . That society it self is any group of people
who are drawn together for a certain purpose where there is the culture there should be existed
the tradition . One of the tradition that exist in society is Nyadran. Nyadran is the annual
tradition that has been hold by society to great the coming of the Ramadhan month for all
muslim people especially in Doro Village , Pekalongan Regency.
In this paper, I choose Tradition Nyadran in Doro Village , Pekalongan Regency
because of some reasons. First, Tradition Nyadran in Doro Village has characteristic that has
religious situation still strong and unique to be researched. Second, although Tradition Nyadran
in Doro Village has the similarities with other Nyadran tradition in others villages in Central
Java region , but tradition Nyadran in Doro village nowadays has been different because of the
acculturation with the modern culture. It has caused the Tradition Nyadran in Doro village
become more modern impression within the practice of the religious traditional ceremony.
2
Chapter Two
Data The Basis Theory and Methods of Data Collection
2.1 The Basis Theory
The mindset of rural communities in Doro Village within their perspective of
increasing gratitude and close to God they tend to make religion as a reference in the
proximity of self-achievement by implementing a series of religious rituals that has
become a tradition for generations. speaking tradition cannot be separated from the
cultural context in interpretation against religion in the public system.Culture is a
configuration of learned behavior and result of behavior whose component elements are
shared and transmitted by the member of particular society (Ralph Linton,1945) .
While tradition can be viewed in terms of the meaning of the term translation
dictionary which is a belief, principle or way of acting which people in a particular
society or group have continued to follow for a long time, or all of these beliefs, etc.
(Cambridge Advance Learner’s Dictionary ,2008). According to the expert had said that
tradition is socially-inherited belief or beliefs involving Piety for what is thought to have
always existed (Roultledge, 1997 : 221) .
According Koenjtoroningrat religious systems that exist in society has four basic
components that must be present in a series of ritual tradition which places the ceremony,
the execution time of ceremony, ritual tools equipment and the people who act as the
executor of the ceremony. Further explained that in addition to the four major
components in traditional ceremonies are also a combination of various elements, such as
praying, prostrate, preparing offerings, sacrifice, eat together, dance, sing, procession,
fasting, asceticism, and meditation… (Koentjoroningrat, 1985 : 240).
3
2.2 Method of Data Collection and Analysis
Collecting data about the tradition nyadran done using the library to study and interview.
The author conducted interviews with actors nyadran tradition, with a structured interview
technique, which conducted interviews by asking questions to the respondent in accordance
with the needs of research, as well as providing the broadest freedom to issue informant views,
thoughts, and beliefs without regulated by researchers. Data were obtained from the literature
study and interviews, analyzed using qualitative methods that are descriptive analysis.
Chapter Three
Discussion
3. 1 Meaning and Purpose Tradition Nyadran
Nyadran tradition is a combination of tradition and nyadran said. Tradition great the
reflected –upon , systematized culture of society (Rouledge 1997: 221). While nyadran itself
comes from the word meaning sadranan or visiting a family grave to pray for the family
who had died and Sadranan this done by the end of the fasting month of Sha'ban.
The purpose of Nyadran is that deepened a sense of gratitude and as a means of
approach to the Almighty God for the blessings of life that has been given. Tradition nyadran
is held annually in order all Doro village society are given safety and health to welcome and
follow the fasting month of Ramadan. The concept underlying this tradition is an association
nyadran historical background as well as the assimilation between Javanese culture and
Islamic culture that had happened in rural communities Doro. Doro village community have
applied Nyadran tradition since Kewalian period , that period is closely related to the
development of the Islamic religion throughout the territory of the island of Java, including
Java middle and spread to remote areas in the remote villages in the territory of the district of
Pekalongan.
4
3.2 Elements in the Tradition Nyadran
The elements contained in Nyadran tradition in the village of Doro, Pekalongan regency
include the following.
3.2.1 Community Leaders
1. Pak Lebe is a very influential figure in the implementation of Nyadran tradition. Mr.
Lebe This is part of religious Village device. Mr. Lebe this is leading the ritual
tradition nyadran from start to finish. He who lead prayers for the spirits of those who
have died and to say a prayer for all those who are still alive to be given safety and
health in welcoming the month of Ramadhan.
2. The village head
The Village Head In a ceremony nyadran participated in filling welcome in a series
of events nyadran.
3. Religious elders
religious elders is someone who has mastered a lot of knowledge about the religion of
Islam and is considered more experienced his deep religious knowledge is already
high base. He is selected by communities to provide welcome contains a description
of the history and the meanings and content contained in nyadran.
3.2.2 All Doro village Muslims
Tradition Nyadran is held annually by all citizens Doro village communities
especially for Muslim men. This tradition practiced by all groups irrespective of caste and
status, all Doro village muslims has permitted to join that tradition. To benchmark of
age, there is no limit to the citizens of the communities to follow this tradition, both old,
young or small children may also contribute in the implementation.
5
3.2.3 Places held tradision nyadran
Ceremony of nyadran is held in the Singoaji cemetery, doro village , Pekalongan regency,
south of the hamlet of kasotangah or 2 km from the south of Doro village.
3.2.4 Equipments that are used to follow the tradition nyadran
Equipment used to follow the tradition nyadran consisted of; The mats and microphone
along with a small speakers that had been provided by the village. village communities and
citizens sat on the mat. On the other hand to attend nyadran tradition, village communities
are required to wear
Muslim clothes or koko complete with scabbard and a peci or cap for praying. And book of
Yasin and tahlil which are should be brought by communities. book of yasin and tahlil are
used for joint prayer led by Pak Lebe.
3.2.5 Ambeng
Ambeng Ambeng a complementary elements that should and must be brought by those
who carry out the tradition nyadran. village communities of doro bring ambeng as
complementary elements of nyadran. Ambeng consists of a variety of side dishes and meals
and rice. Side dish consisting of a chicken ingkung, sauteed or stir-fried soy beans, serundeng
(grated coconut and mixed with brown sugar until dry), kenol pan-fried noodles (yellow
noodles that are large), boiled eggs, chili, sauteed green beans, chili fried potatoes,ikan asin
gesek with flour, tempeh fried with flour and white rice.
All dishes are put on ancak (made of woven banana stems and lined with banana leaf). for
white rice is placed in a large ceting (a container made of woven bamboo).
Exceptions to residents of Doro village communities are less nyadran Able to bring all
equipments completely, they might bring Ambeng that are filled with Glutinous white and
6
serundeng given above it (which grated coconut cooked and mixed with brown sugar until
dry).
3.2.6 Implementation of Event Series in Tradition Nyadran
A series arrangement of events in the village of Doro nyadran possession, Pekalongan
include the following.
1. At 6:30 am Doro village society, especially Muslim men gathered at the cemetery
by bringing ambeng. That ambeng then placed in the middle of the stretch of mats
that had been prepared by the committee nyadran. the community sit around their
ambengs.
2. Nyadran ceremony consisted of three sessions:
Session I Opening
The opening event nyadran tradition begins with some remarks from influential
people in the rural communities Doro.
1. The first is the speech of the village head
it contains notices of tax information programs , the program of village clean,
election information, the annual village events .
2. The speech of Chairman of the Board Tomb
Speech of the chairman of the board contains the notification about the
income and expenditure of funds from the village to take care of the tomb.
How the funds are used for the care of the cemetery like to paint the walls of
the cemetery fence, renovating a warehouse for storing litter and other
purposes relating to the improvement of existing infrastructure in the grave.
3. The speech of the Elders of Religious
Speech contains a description of the history of nyadran, he also gived the
notification about the religious values from nyadran.
7
Session II Contents
this session is the contents of nyadran tradition that is the core of the the events by reading
book of Yasin and tahlil led by Pak Lebe and followed by all the people who follow nyadran.
Session III Closing
The last session was the culmination of a tradition nyadran ceremony closed with a prayer by
Mr. Lebe after the reading of Yasin and tahlil. Then the ambeng of nyadran are shared by
committee equally . One package of ambeng containing complete side dishes are placed in
acak along with rice is placed in a medium-sized ceting are given for three people. After that
people left the grave by bringing ambeng had been obtained from the nyadran.
8
Conclusion
Nyadran ceremony is a tradition conducted every year once to greet the coming month of
Ramadan . Nyadran in Islam has its own purpose and meaning in deepening human closeness
with God . In the other hand nyadran has the aim to pray for the spirits of deceased relatives and
family members are still alive . Hereditary traditions of Muslim communities do Doro village
tradition is believed to be a means of approach to God Almighty for all the blessings obtained as
well as a means to get to safety and health for the coming month of ramadhan . The underlying
concept is that there is cultural assimilation between Islam and Javanese culture which is closely
related to the historical background of the development of the religious teachings of Islam that
goes to Pekalongan district and spread to the village of Doro in the time of sainthood ( wali
songo ) . The elements of nyadran consist of figures of society , all Muslims society of Doro
village, the place where nyadran is held , and ambeng . All elements must be existed to conduct
the tradision nyadran .
9
Bibliography
Eko A. Meiharno, Bambang Widianto, Rizka Halida. (2011). Manusia dalam Kebudayaan edisi
II. Jakarta: Salemba Humanika.
Frans Husken , Jeremy Kemp. (1991). Cognation and Social nOrganization in Southeast Asia.
Netherland: KITIV Press Leiden.
Horton, P. B. (1998). Sosiologi Jilid II Edisi 6. Ciracas Jakarta: Erlangga.
Howery, C. B. (1989). Understanding Society Study. United State of America: Worth Publisher.
Koentjoroningrat. (1990). Sejarah Teori Antropologi II. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia/UI-Press.
Roger M , Samuel Gunawan. (1989). Antropologi Budaya. Padang: Erlangga.
Routledge, K. P. (1997). A Dictionary of the Social Sciences. Geat Britain: British Library
Cataloguing.
Sholikin, M. (2010). Ritual dan Tradisi Islam Jawa. Jogjakarta: Narasi.
Sunanto, M. (2012). Sejarah Peradaban Islam Indonesia. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.
Yatim, B. (2012). Sejarah Peradaban Islam. Jakarta: Rjawali Pers.