Post on 25-Jan-2023
Net migration - the difference between the number of people coming to live in the UK and those emigrating - rose to 182,000 in the year to June, up from 167,000 in the previous 12 months.
Prime Minister David Cameron wants to get this figure below 100,000 before the next election in 2015.
Net migration into UK increases - Office for National Statistics http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-25135418#story_continues_3 28 November 2013 Last updated at 13:17 GMT
Net migration - the difference between the number of people coming to live in the UK and those emigrating - rose to 182,000 in the year to June, up from 167,000 in the previous 12 months. Prime Minister David Cameron wants to get this figure below 100,000 before the next election in 2015.
IMMIGRATION AND HOST COUNTRIES
Presented by: Huda Ahmed Yussuf (GS 35418) Rafiqa Murdipi (GS 35924) Zahra Hosseinian Shirvan (GS 35552)
OUTLINE
Definition of migration- immigration and emigration Causes of immigration General effects of migration Effects of immigration Empirical evidence Conclusion References
International Migration
inflow • Immigration
outflow • Emigration
Movement of people from one country to
another for the purpose of better life.
Migrant stock in top receiving countries
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
US
Russia
Germany
Saudi Arabia
Emirates
UK
France
Canada
Australia
Spain
Migrant stock in 2013
Migrant stock in 2013
Causes of Migration
The income per
capita gap
between origin
and destination
Possibility of career
development
Instant wealth
More job
opportunities
Higher pay
Migration policies
Non economic
factors
Lack of employment or entrepreneurial opportunities
Fewer opportunities for career advancement
Market failures
General Effects of Migration Changes in labor market outcome Income convergence between people of poor
and rich countries Increase of efficiency due to transmission of skills Increase trade between sending and receiving
countries Increase investment in Human capital Poverty reduction
Effects of Immigration
Effect on GDP growth
Effect in labour market outcomes
Effect on fiscal burden Effect on trade
GDP Growth
Authors name Data Findings Ortega and Peri (2009) Agiomirgianakis and Zervyianni (2001)
OECD countries: 1980 – 2005 Simulation exercise
Immigration may increase or decrease GDP growth depending in the economic condition of the host country
Dolado et al 1994
23 OECD countries: 1960 - 1985 GDP per capita decrease as immigration is a an increase in population. However the decrease is half of the decrease due to natural population increase
Morley (2005)
Australia, Canada and USA: 1930 -2002
There is dual causation between immigration and economic growth
Author Data Findings Rojas et al (2010) Spain: 1995-2006 Immigration can increase in
labor supply as most western countries have high percentage of ageing population
Friedberg (1995 & 2000) and Grossman (1970)
Israeli: 1972 - 1983 US: 1970
The effect on native unemployment is very small as the possibility of substituting native for immigrants is low
Johnson (1980) ; Authukurala and Devadason (2012)
US: Simulation exercise Malaysia: 2000-2008
Increase in immigration decrease wages of low skilled natives, but the magnitude is small; however, increase returns of high skilled and capital owners.
Labor market outcomes
Increase in supply of labor
Native unemployment
Decrease in wages
Fiscal burden Author's name Data Results
Borjas (1994) Theoretical review Unskilled immigrants are more likely to use many government services and to pay lower tax.
Storesletten (2000) Using annually data for 1.6 million high skilled Immigrants 40–44 year-old in US
Selective immigration may save the government from spending on raising the labor force and accumulating human capital and at the same time increase revenue from working population. However in long run the benefits are offset.
Increase in bilateral trade
Author’s name Data Results Girma and Yu (2002)
UK: 1981-1991 Immigration from non-Commonwealth countries have a significant effect on export.
Head and Ries (1998)
Canada: 1980-1992 Immigration has a significant positive relationship with Canadian bilateral trade. The increase in import is more than the increase in export.
Migration can be seen as form of globalization (especially
for labor shortages in the region)
Adoption of return migration scheme may lower the fiscal
burden of the host countries and help the low developed
Immigration has shown sign of income convergence
hence developed nations should consider it in their
international development policies
Conclusion
Athukorala, P., & Devadason, E. S. (2012). The impact of foreign labor on host country wages: The experience of
a southern host, malaysia. World Development, 40(8), 1497-1510. Agiomirgianakis, G. M., & Zervoyianni, A. (2001). Economic growth, international labour mobility, and
unanticipated non-monetary shocks. Journal of Policy Modeling, 23(1), 1-16. Dolado, J., Goria, A., & Ichino, A. (1994). Immigration, human capital and growth in the host country. Journal of
population economics, 7(2), 193-215. Friedberg, R. M. (2000). You can't take it with you? Immigrant assimilation and the portability of human
capital. Journal of Labor Economics, 18(2), 221-251. Friedberg, R. M., & Hunt, J. (1995). The impact of immigrants on host country wages, employment and
growth. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9(2), 23-44. Girma, S., & Yu, Z. (2002). The link between immigration and trade: Evidence from the United
Kingdom. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 138(1), 115-130. Head, K., & Ries, J. (1998). Immigration and trade creation: econometric evidence from Canada. Canadian
journal of economics, 47-62. Izquierdo, M., Jimeno, J. F., & Rojas, J. A. (2010). On the aggregate effects of immigration in Spain. SERIEs, 1(4),
409-432. Massey, D. S., Arango, J., Hugo, G., Kouaouci, A., Pellegrino, A., & Taylor, J. E. (1993). Theories of international
migration: a review and appraisal. Population and development review, 431-466. Storesletten, K. (2000). Sustaining fiscal policy through immigration. Journal of Political Economy, 108(2), 300-323. Ortega, F., & Peri, G. (2009). The causes and effects of international labor mobility: evidence from OECD
Countries 1980-2005.
Reference