HUMANISTICA LOV ANIENSIA

JOURNAL OF NEO-LA TIN STUDffiS

Vol. XLVII - 1998

OFFPRINT

LEUVEN UNIVERS[TY PRESS

HUMANISTICA LOVANIENSIA Journal of Neo-Latin Studies

Editorial Board

Editors:

Prof. em. Dr. Jozef JJsewijn (K. U. Leuven-Belgium): Prof. Dr. Gi lbert Tournoy (K. U. Leuven); Prof. Dr. Constant Mad1eeussen (K. U. Brusscl); Prof. Dr. Dirk Sacre (UFSIA Ant.werpen- K.U. Leuven).

Associate Editors:

t Prof. em. Dr. Leonard Forster (Cambridge); Prof. Dr. Charles Fantazzi (Windsor-Ontario); Prof. Dr. Marc Laureys (Bonn); Prof. Dr. Massimo Miglio (Viterbo); Prof. Dr. Fred Nichols (New York); Prof. Dr. Jan Oberg (Stockholm); Prof. Dr. R.W. Truman (Oxford); Prof. Dr. G. Hugo Tucker (Reading): Prof. Dr. Tere nce 0. Tunberg (Lexington, KY); Prof. Dr. D. Wuttke (Bamberg).

Editorial Assistants:

Dr. Jan Papy; Mrs J. Usewijn-Jacobs: Dr. Godelieve Tournoy-Thoen.

* Volume l through 16 were edited by the late Mgr. Henry de Vocht from 1928

to 1961 as a series of monographs on the history of humanism at Louvain, especially in the Collegium Trilingue. These volumes are obtainable in a reprint edition.

Beginning with volume 17 (1968) HUMANJSTICA LOVANIENSIA appears annually as a Journal of Neo-Lcllin Studies.

Orders for separate volumes and standing orders should be sent to the publisher: Leuven University Press, Blijde-Jnkomst.straat 5, B-3000 Leuven (Belgium).

L ibrarians who wish for an exchange wi th Humanis tica Lovaniens ia should apply to the Librarian of the University Li brary of Leuven (K.U.L.): Dr. R. Dekeyser. U nivers iteitsbibl iotheek, Ladeuzep le in 22, B-3000 Leuven (Belgium).

Manuscripts for publication should be submitted (2 ex.) to a member of the editorial Board. They should fo llow the prescriptions of the MHRA Style Book, published by W.S. Maney, Hud on Road, Leeds LS9 7DL. England (5 th edn, 1996) . After the final acceptance of the cont ribution a disk (preferably Word on Apple Macintosh) will be most welcome.

Contributors will receive twenty offprints of their articles free of charge.

Address of the Editors: Seminarium Philologiae Humanisticae, Kailiol ieke Universiteit Leuven, Erasmushuis, Bl ijde-l nkomststraat 21, B-3000 Leuven (Belg ium). Fax: 016/32 50 25. E-rnail: Jozef.IJsewijn@arts.kuleuven.ac.be; Gilbert.Tournoy@arts.kuleuven.ac.be; Dirk.Sacre@arts.kuleuven.ac.be

Enrique GONZALEZ GoNZALEZ

MARTTNUS DORPIUS AND HADRIANUS BARLANDUS EDITORS OF AESOP (1509- 1513)*

In 1970, Paul Thoen published an important essay! on one of the aspects of Latin Aesop diffusion as a textbook during the Renaissance: the collection of Fabulae edited at the beginning of the sixteenth century by Martinus Dorpius,- that is- van Dorp (1485-1525), a humanist teaching in Leuvcn.2 Thoen studied the wealth of the Dorpius' compila­tion, reprinted in a variety of ways at least two hundred times, as well as its sources and significance.

In the bibliographical series studied and classified by Thoen, he pointed out the existence of two important gaps: first, the unknown edi­rio princeps of the Latin rendering in prose of Aesop wrillen by William Hermansz of Gouda- Gu lielmus Goudanus- (ca. 1466- J 5 1 0), a book which inspired new editions by Dorpius, and by Hadrianus Barlandus (1486-1538).3 The last one was a younger humanist also teaching at Leuven, and a close friend of Dorpius.

~ D~ri1_1g the second part of 1994, 1 enjoyed a fellowship granted by the Katholieke U~Jvcrsllcll Leuven through lhc Scminarium Philologiae Humanisticae, to swdy the ~nnted work of L~uven humanists of the first quarter of XVlth century. My deepest grat­Itude goes to P•:olessors Joseph IJsewijn and Gilbert Tournoy. Dr. Chris Coppens, Cura­tor _of m~muscnpts :md old books of Leuven University gave me useful and friendly advice. _Ms. Ell~ Cockx-fndestege, from the Royal Library of Brussels, suggested the elaboration of thiS paper to me. Sarah Taylor and Lieve Jooken helped me to review the English text.

1 'Aesopus Dorpii. Essai sur I'Esopc latin des temps modernes' 1/umanistica Lomniensia, 19 (1970). 241-289. '

2 See the fundamental Mudies and texts by H. de Vocht, Monumema Humanistica Lo1·anie11Sia. Texts and Swdies abow Loumin Humanists in tire First 1/a/f of tire XV/tlr Cellllo)•: Eras~1!11s --:- Vives - Dmpius - Clenardus - Coe.\ - Moringus (Louvain, 1934). J. IJ seWIJn edlled ·Maninus Dorpius Dialogus (ca. 1508?)', in Clwristeriwn H. de Voclrt _ 18~8-1978, Pr~f. by J. IJsewijn and J. Roegiers, Supplementa Humanistica Lova~~ens•~· 2 (Louvrun, 1979). pp. 7~-1~ 1 ; and Orationes /11. Cum Apologia et Litteris Adne.~1s, B1bhotheca _Teubnenana (Le1p2Jg. 1986). IJsewijn also wrote Dorpius' biogra­phy, Ill C~mtemporanes of Erasmus. A Biograplrical Register of the Renaissance and the Rcf~mlati0/1, 3 vofs; (Toro~no_- Buffalo - London, 1985}, L, 398-404.

On Goudanus comp•lat1on, see below note 17. E. Daxhe1et, Adrien Barltmdus,

MARTIN US DORPIUS AND H ADRIA NUS BARLANDUS 29

The second main gap recorded by Thoen, was the fi1·st edition of Dar­pius' Fabulae, supposedly printed in november 1512. At the publication of Thoen 's essay, there was not yet any trace of surviving copies. My discove1y, in the Royal Library of Brussels, of an imperfect copy of this edirio princeps, which in fact appeared in 1509, led me to write the

present note. Here, 1 try to reconstruct the lost parts of the 1509 edition, and, based

on the evidence supported by it, also propose another perspective in order to eva luate the role played by Dorpius in th,c diffusion of that set of Aesop 's fab les, as well as to correct, or to make more accurate, some aspects of his chronology. 1 also intend to emphasize the relevant contri­bution of his younger coUeague Barlandus to the subsequent success of Aesop, something insufficiently considered before. Therefore, I will not discuss here the textual implications of Dorpius' and Barlandus' work in relation to Aesop. Finally, thanks to the new edition , it becomes possible to add several modif ications to Thoen's already excellent work.

I

The same year of the publication of Thoen 's essay, 1970, the anti­quarian bookseller Goldschmidt announced the sale of an impetfect copy of Aesop fables, printed by D. Ma11ens in Antwerp, the I st of December of 1509. The monumental catalogue of Nijhoff-Kronenberg incorpo­rated the notice i11to its last supplement, J 971 , taking it f rom Gold­schm idt.4 T his note was apparently overlooked by K. Heireman, who did not include it in his catalogue of the Tenroonstelling Dirk Martens 1473-1973.5 Later on, no attention seems to have been directed to that refer­ence. Luckily. the Royal Library of Brussels bought the book in 1970.6

humanistc beige. Humani~tica Lovaniensia, 6 (Louvain, 1938) still remains the basic text for Barlandus' life and works. See also the entry in Comcmporaries of Erasmus. G. T?urnoy and my~cff are preparing "Hadrianus Barlandus at work in the priming-office of D1rk Martens (WIIh twelve previously unnoticed letters)'.

~ Th~ entry 4502,. only mentions: 'Aesopus Fabu1ae Jatinae et aliorum, Antuerpiae, T: ~anmus_ Alostens1s, I Dec. 1509'. M. Nijhoff- M. E. Kronenberg. Neder fa ndschc b1bhograph1e \'WI 1500-1540, 8 vo1s. (The Hag e. 1923- 197 1) volume 8 (Derde Dee! Vijfde slllk}, 1971. ' '

~ Aals t, Stcdelijk Museum-Oud Hospitaal, 1973. I thank Prof. G. Tournoy for the gift of a copy of th1s catalogue, which is no longer available.

6 Shelfmark 1.12.1509; 9.5 x 9.3 em. The thin volume of 27 unnumbered leaves has been recently bound in carton, and has no traces of any source, nor manuscript notes.

30 ENRIQUE GONZALEZ GONzALEZ

After working with this imperfect copy, I identified that piece as the lost editio princeps of Dorpius' compilation, which in fact appeared in 1509, and not in 1512, as had been assumed since the publication of De Vocht's studies on the humanist.

The on ly known copy of D01-pius' <Fahu/ae>, Antwerp, 1 December 1509, is ru1 8° (95 x 93 mm. ) beginning in b1

, and ending in cf' ; there­fore, the entire volume probably had 32 leaves, the first 8 leaves, desig­nated a, being los t, as well as the last page of d, poss ibly blank. The colophon appears in cP, and the date ' prima die decembris. Anno. M. ccccc. nono ' , leaves no room for any doubt. Even if the small volume is not complete, it seems possible to establish the missing part with the combined help of two procedtu·es. First, by collating this copy (edition A) with the following Aesop editions printed by Mattens, that is , a new collection of fables compiled by H. Barlandus in april, 1512 (B), and the reprint of Dorpius-Barlandus · Fabulae, appearing in October-Novem­ber, 1513 (C). Second, by analyzing the four errata printed at the end of the book. This unexp ected list will allow us to infer the contents of the lost pages of the 1509 volume (ed. A) since the errata make reference to mistakes printed, precisely, in the unknown part of the only copy. As these four passages cou ld be identified, reprinted and duly corrected, in the 1513 edition (C), they gave clues U1at define the unknown portion of the copy, as I try to demonstrate in the second part of this article.

The extreme rareness of extant copies of the three mentioned editions, and the different criteria used by bibliographers for describing the con­tents of B and C, suggest the inlportance of starting with a new descrip­tion, from the oldest text onward.

A The only known copy of <Fabulae>, Antwerp, D. Martens, 1 december, 1509, 8°, starts in the second fascicule : signature b. It includes:

i) 'exsoluit pen as ', i. e., the continuation of De leone senectute con­fecto. It is followed by 33 more fables (b1-d 1) :

ii) Ex secundo Noctium atticarum Ge/ii Apologus Esopi Pluygis me­moratu non inutilis (d 1-d3v);

iii) Fabella ex Lamia Politiani desumpta (d3v-d4v) ; iv) Apologus ex secunda libra Petri Criniti de honesto disciplina

desumptus (d4v-d5); v) An excerpt Ex· Epicteto (d5-d6v);

MARTINUS DORP[US AND HADRlA NUS BARLA NDUS

vi) Four Errata (d7):

JnfronJe /ibelli, lege Endecasyllabon In carmine, eruditulumque, si secus habeas In epistola prima quonam absterrear, si aliter habeas In quinto folio, plus sudauerim

3 1

vii) And the colophon: prima die decembris. Anno. M. ccccc. nono (d7).

The verso of d7 , is blank; d8, possibly blank, is missing.

B The edition of Barlandus, Pluscule Esopi Ph1ygis et Auiani Fabulae non il/ae quidem a Gu/ielmo Goudano versae sed aliae ab Hadriano Barlando mutatae et auctae quibusdam veluti appendicibus ex To. Anto­nio Campana & Raphaele Vo/aterrano dessumptis, Antwerp, April 20, 15 12, contains the following elements in its 18 leaves :7

i) Seven distichs, Marti nus Dorpius in fabellas a Barlando expolitas (A 1v);

1i) The letter, undated, from Leuven, Literatissimo viro. M. loanni Borsato. Hadrianus Barlandus (A 2-A3);

iii) The letter, dated November l 4, 1511 , foannes B01·sa/us Hadria no Bar/ando suo (A3-W);

iv) The letter, from Leuven, April12, Doctissimo viro M. Petro Scoto apud Gandauos Gymnasiarche Hadria nus Bar/andus (B 1);

v) The letter, from Leuven, undated, Ornatissimo perindeque illu­strissimo adulescenti Leonardo Seuenbergiensi (B 1v-B2);

vi) Esopi .fabulae Hadriano Barlando interprete: 24 fables (B2-C4);

vii) Hunc apologum (. .. ) ex Baptista Mantuano vertimus (. . .) (C4r-v) ; viii) The letter, f rom Leuven, Hadrianus Barlanclus Nicolao Putto

(Civ); ix) Auiani fabulae Hadriano Barlando inte1prete, 9 fables (D1-D4);

x) Fabella de canto et /upis ex Joanne Antonio Campana desumpla, and a second by the same (D 4r-v);

xi) Apologus de membris & ventre ex Raplzae/is Volaterrani Anthro­pologia desumptus (D4 v);

xii) And the colophon : Theodoricus Marti nus Alosten. Hantvue1pie imprimebat An. D. M. CCCCC. XII (D4v) .

7 l worked with a microfilm from 1he copy of Giel.len UB. Signatures: A, C-04, B6. The Hamburg copy was desLroyed during World War II. Thoen·s description, in pp. 247-248.

32 ENRIQUE GONZALEZ GONZALEZ

C The edition of Fabule, printed at Leuven by D. Martens in 1513, was the main model fo r the fo llowing two hundred reprints traced by Thoen between that date and the nineteenth century.8 As we will see, it comprehends a sort of synthesis of the two previous editions, but it also .includes new mmerials. It contains, in 52 unnumbered leaves:

i) After the modest title of Fabulae, the poem Petri Aegidii Antuer-piani Endecasyllabon ad lectores (t.p.);

ii) Admonitio ad lee/ores (A 1v); iii) Opusculi sequentis interpretum nomina( .. .) (A1v);

iv) The letter dated Leuven, November 20, Martinus D01pius !oanni Leupe, Jacobo Pape & loanni Niniuitae, eruditissimis in Flandria ludimagistris (A2-A3) ;

v) The undated Jetter of Gulielmus canonicus diui Aurelii Augustini Florentio suo illustri Baroni l selsteyno (A2v-A3);

vi) 45 Aesop fables, begin ning with De Gallo gallinaceo (A3-C7v); the fifth fable, De leone et quibusdam aliis, appears in leaf A 4r-v;

the twelfth fable, De leone senecture confecto, is prin ted in leaf C v;

vii) T he biography Quaedam lectu non iniucunda de Esopo, a Bar­lando aedita (C7v-C8 ; the verso is blank);

viii) The undated letter, from Leuven, Ornatissimo viro M. Petro Scoto apud Gandavos preceptori suo Hadrianus Barlandus (D 1r-v);

ix) Seven d istichs, Martinus Dorpius in fa be !las a Barlando e~\poli­tas (0 2);

x) Esopi fahulae Hadriano Bar/ando inte1prete : 22 fables (D2v­£ 5v);

R The copy kept at The Hague (KB) has the co.lophon 'vndecimo Kalendas oclo.' ('September, 2 1 '): (N- K, 2243: Heireman. A286. M 92), but oll1er copies, like the one fro,m Bru~sel ~. KB/ BR, l nc. A. 1911 show: 'vndecimo Kolenda.\' Novembres ('October. 22 ): (Ntjhoff-Kronenberg. 27; Hei.reman, A 338, M 94). l collated xeroxcopics of the exemplar from The Hagu~ ~ith the Brussels copy, and I concluded that most probably b•otl1 belong to tl~e same edttton. Bolh have the idenlical irregular signature: Afll-1. G", Hs, '., the same capitals, .btan~ spaces, and word divisions; their orthography and abbrevia­llons also seem to. he tdenucal. Apparently, tbe only differences are found in the last page (f4): lhe copy havmg the colophon 'vndecimo Kalendas OC/0. ',also has the letter l oamws Mw.lleriu~ Gandauensis Barlando suo dated: 'no. cafe . Oc/0·. On the other hand, the cop1es wHh colophon 'l'!zdecimo Kalendas Novembres' have the mentioned letter dated ' vndecimo Kalendas No'. It seems t1Jat, when the printing was in progress, a chronologi­c.al n~istake was deJected, and it had been con·ected for the rest of the copies. My descrip­llon IS based on the Brussels copy; for a more detailed one, see Thoen, pp. 249-250.

MARTINUS DORPIUS AND HADRIANUS BARLANDUS

xi) Apologus ex Mantuano traductus (E5v-E6) ;

xii) J 3 Fahulae dedicated to M. Petro Scoto (E6-F2)

xii i) The letter , undated, Barlandus lectori (f2) ;

33

xiv) Two Fabulae Aniani. Guielmo (sic!) Herman no ( ... ) inre1prete mutate incipiunt foeliciter (f2r-v):

xv) The letter, undated, from Leuven, Generosissimo adulescenti Antonio Bergensi Hadrianus Barlandus (H 4

);

xvi) Nine Apologi ex Chiliadibus adagiomm Erasmi desumpti ad communem puerorum fructum (H4-H 7v);

xvii) Is qui emendandis iis fabu lis praefectus fu it sequenres apologos ex varias & his optimis authoribus co/legit ut a pueris quoque legerentur quibus nunquam est bene instrucla atque copiosa bi­bliotheca (H7v);

xviii) Ex secunda Noctium atticarum Gelii Apologus Esopi Phrygis memoratu non inurilis (H7v-J1);

xix) Fabella ex Lamia Politiani desumpta (I1-r) ; xx) Apologus ex secunda libro Petri Criniti de honesto disciplina

desumptus (12);

xxi) Fabella de coruo et lupis ex loanne Antonio Campana desumpta, and a second, wri tten by the same (T2v);

xxii ) Apologus de membris & ventre e.x Raphaelis Volaterrani Anthro­pologia desumpws (f2v-P);

xxiii) The letter dated: 'no. eaten. Octob.' (but in the copies with colophon ' undecimo Kalendas Nouembres' the same letter is dated : 'no. eaten. No.'): loannes Munrerius Gandavensis Bar­lando suo (13-14);

xxiv) The undated letter , from M iddelbtu"g, loannes Cluetingius Guilie/mo Goudano viro eruditissimo (14);

xxv) The undated letter, f inishing with a d istich : Barlandus lectori (I4) .

xxvi) The colophon ' undecimo cal end as ocrobris', or 'undecimo calen­das nouembris' in other copies (I4).

The verso of 14, is blank.

II

Before starting to analyze the contents of the previously described editions, a comparative table may help us to understand it. Once the pieces contained in each one of the previous th ree editions are described,

34 ENRIQUE GONZALEZ GONZALEZ

their coLlation will prepare the reconstruction of the missing parts of A, as well as a reconsideration of the role played by Dorpius and Barlandus in the following two editions of fables by Aesop and other authors .

A (1509) B ( 15 12) C( l513) ? i ? ii ? Ill

? IV

? v . .. i vi (repr. from A)

vii viii

i ix (repr.from B) ii-v vi* x (partly from B) Vll xi (from B, revised) viii

xii XiLi

ix xiv (altematil'e fables to

those pr. in B ix) XV

xvi xvii

II xviii (repr. from A) ... Ill xix (repr. from A) iv xx (repr. from A) v

vi

X xxi (repr. from B) xi xxii (repr. from B)

xx.i.i.i xx iv XXV

vii xi i xxvi

* This set of Aesop fables differs from that one printed in A i.

MARTINUS DORPIUS AND HADRIANUS BARLAN DUS 35

As we can see, editions A and B run paralleU in the sense that each of them includes a list of Aesop fables, followed by a set of apologues taken from other authors. Nevertheless, their contents differ entirely. None of the Aesopic pieces found i.n A - at least in the preserved part of its only copy - have been reprinted in B. At the same time, all the excerpts compiled from other authors are different in each edition. It suggests that, when Bar­landus started to prepare edition B, he took edition A as his model. Then he tried to write a sort of enlargement, or complement, to edition A. ln a third step, edilion C is an evident compilation of the largest part of both previ­ous editions, with the addition of new pieces.

The mentioned progression from A to C invites the question whether the missing components of the Brussels copy of edi tion A could have been reprinted in C. At this point, the four Errata added to A provide a fundamental evidence. The first two reveal that the title page of A included the Endecasyllabon by Petrus Aegidius, which is also found in C i, where both errors have been corrected. Even more important, the 'epistola prima' (alluded 10 in the third erratum) must be that which Dorpius addressed to the three Flemish ludimagistri (C iv), where we find d1e word absterrear (A2v, 2d line) instead of the unknown mistake of A. At the same time, since the third erratum speaks aboul the 'fi rst' letter, it ind icates that at least a second one had to ex ist, probably that of Goudanus to Iselsteynus . found in C v. Finally, the last erratum men­tions the word sudauerim, that we find in the fifth fabula printed in C vi: De leone et quibusdam ali is. At the arne time as the erratum men­tions that this passage appeared in the fifth leaf, it also suggests that lhe first fascicule was a complete booklet of 8 leaves, not a half. The first fascicule known, b, starts with the final pmt of the fable which occupies the twelfth place at C vi, and it continues in the same order until lhe fable number 45 of C. Both circumstances, i. e ., the fourth printing error of the fifth - unknown - leaf, and the internal sequence of the known parts of the copy of A, allow us to assert that thjs former edition included for the first time the whole collection of 45 Aesop fables turned into prose by Goudanus, as they were reprinted in C.

lf we accept the above prem isses, we can conclude that the lost parts of the Brussels copy were the same as those that appeared in C with the numbers i, iv. v, as well as d1e first twelve fables of vi 9, and conse-

9 AIIJ1ough we have no evidence. A could have included in 1he verso of its title page the Opusruli .fectuemis imerprewm nomina, wilh a shorter number of authors than those of C iii. To lhe contrary, the Admonirio ad /cctores. arguing about the reasons for the

36 ENRIQUE GONZALEZ GONZALEZ

qucntly, that A is the editio princeps of Dorpius' compilat ion of Aesop fables, until now considered lost.

III

Even though impetfect, the Brussels copy of <Falmlae>, 1509. gives a new perspecti ve of different items concerning the role played firs t by Dorpius, and then by Barlandus as the promoters of a better Latin text of Aesop for textbook::..

First of all , the question of the actual date of Dorpius' prefatory letter can be reconsidered. Until now - and lacking the evidence of the 1509 edition -, it has been argued, based on indirect s igns, that Dorpius unknown edition of fables had been printed at the end of 1512, and therefore, that his preface to the three ' ludimagistri' had to be dated November 22, 15 12. 10 But, if we accept the previous arguments in order to infe r the missing parts of the Brussels volume, we have to accept that Dorpius' letter, dated ' 10 Kat. Decembres ', goes back to November 22. 1509, prec isely a week before print had been completed.

internal evidence can be added to support the date of 1509. In the let­ter, Dorpius suggests that this book is his first to be printed, although he is not the author. Only if he succeeds, he will dare to print his own works. Until then he has written, or he is about to fini sh a few dialogues. poems, prefaces on Plautus, and a complement to his Aulularia. 11 He

spelling of 'Anianus', in~tead of 'Auianus·. clea rly refer~ only to edition C, where Bar­lundu!> adopted the first form. See C xiv.

10 ·n1e only knO\\n version of Dorpius' leiter. dated with day and month but without the year. is that which wa~ printed in C iv. H. de Vocht argued that it must be dated November 22 of 15 12. According to de Yocht, there is a passage by Petrus Aegidius -_the author of the Emlecasyllobon printed on the title page of Dorpiu~· Fabulae ­wnllcn _Dece~lber 12, t511. which impl ies thai ' Dorp docs not seem w have had any connecuon wtth Mart~ns n~r with his sl!lff before December 151 1' ; therefore, Dorpius' lellcr mu~t be dated alter 1h1s date. On the otller hand. as the reprint of the Jeuer appeared m October 22. 1513 (my ed. C). de Vocht concludes that Dorpius· letter 'certainly belong~ to 15 12·. prechely 1ovember 22: Monumema. p. 362. De Yocht '~ argument has been gene~lly a~cepted, ~nd ~?metime'> forced explanat ions ad hoc in order to justify the chronolog1cal pnmal:y ol edt11on U with respect to that of Dorpius. Sec, for example, Daxhelct, Adrien Barlandu.1, pp. 33-37.

II I) ' . . nnn_g to pu?ll sh Acs~p's fables and a few excerpts from other authors 'Quod si gemo quop1am as~1ra~ue. leu•~ haec alea fdiciter ceciderit, pJuseulum ahquando audcbo. & qua_edam. meae 1ps1~s focturae, quae interim parturio. pariam: dialogos. carmina. pro­logos 11~ acuo_nes Plnutmas, complementum Aulul:uiae. atque id genus alia·. Ed. C, A2r .. v. Reprmted m de Yocht. Morwmema. pp. 361-364.

MARTINUS DORPIUS AND HADRIANUS BARLANDUS 37

thus mentions pieces undoubted ly datable before the end of 1509, as those related to Plautus, and probably l1is Dialogus in quo Venus et Cupido omnes adhibelll versutias, 12 but certainly not works written later, as for example his Orationes; the first of these, on the Assumption of Mary, was pronounced in August, 1510.13 Also, on November 10, 15 12, Nicolaus Buscoducensis was sending a Tractatus terminorum by Dor­pius to print. which appe<u-ed in Paris, December 6 of that same year.

14

This fact hardly agrees with Dorpius' testimony if we accept the tradi­tional date of November 22, 1512 . On the contrary, dated in 1509, the letter gives a first hand account of Dorpius' hesitant beginnings as an

author of printed works. The question still remains whether Dorpius' letter could have been

readapted for its reprint in the new edition of 15 13 (C iv), or if the original version was simply reproduced . If we observe its text. it seems more consistent with the contents of edition A than with the pieces included in C: 001·pius said, other than Aesop fabl es (i), ' adieci paucula ex Gelio, Politiano, Crinito, Epicteto, sed selecta '. Actually, we find those excerpts in sections ii -v of A. and printed together in the same order after the fables. In C , on the contrary. Gellius, Politianus and Crinitus form sections xviii-xx . together wi th Campanus and Volater­ranus (xx i-xxii), but the announced excerpt from Epictetus does not appear. as de Vocht has already noticed. 15 For all these reasons, it can b~ assumed that the D01-pius letter to the three ' ludimagistri ', as we know 1t through its reprint in C, reproduces, unchanged but corrected, the actual

text of 1509. A second item to review, is the chronological sequence of editions A

to C . As long as Dorpius' first edition remained unknown, it was accepted that it certainly had appeared by November. 15 12. For this rea­son, since Barlandus' Fulmlae (Ed. B) has the colophon Apri l 20, 15 12, scholars admitted B as the first Martens edition of Aesop, followed a

12 All of these pieces were printed together under the title mentioned by Martens, in 1514 (Nijhoff-Kronenberg 737. lleiremnn. M. 106). De Yocht _argues that _they_are the reprint of an earlier edition. now lost; Mormmenta, pp. 326-333. fhe Artlulana, wllh Dor­pius' prefaces and complement. was pla)ed in Lcuven. _September 9, 1508. p 308. JJsewijn believes that the Diafogus is even older. and that 11 mml have ~ecn pcrfonned 'Cim•rwn die 1111110 1508 vel etiam 1507 0111 1506'. Maybe. the new rermmus ame quem, should strengthen his argument. See 'Martinus Dorpius Diofogus'. pp. 75-79.

13 See 1Jsew1jn. Orationes II', pp. X-XJJ . 14 See below, note 22. 1 ~ Cf. Introduction in Monumenta. p. 362

38 ENRIQUE GONZALEZ GONZALEZ

few months later by that of Dorpius. That statement forced very confusing explanations in order to place Dorpius as a sort of follower of his younger and less experienced friend, Barlandus.16 Now, the evidence provided by the 1509 edition leads us to reconsider the traditional chronology, and allows a clearer, and more consistent account of the facts.

Like many contemporary humanists, Dmpius held that the vulgata verse version of Aesop, so popular among grammar teachers, was not at all worthy of the Greek author. For that reason, when Dorpius read a set of Aesop fables u·anslated into humanist prose by W. Goudanus, 17 an old friend of Erasmus, he decided to reprint it. He thus wrote a prefatory epistle recommending the new version to three famous Flemish grammar teachers. For him, editing quality versions of the best authors was very fruit ful to the cause of good literature, as Aldus was doing in Venice. IS

If we believe Dmp ius, he did not change the highly praised Goudanus version of Aesop· s fables, as has been suggested by scholars. He I imited himself to promote, among Latin grammarians, an Aesop version allegedly more suitable for students, arguing why he considered Goudanus' prose better than the cuiTent verse version . At the end of the volume, D01·pius added, as a sort of supplement, a small selection of pieces of the same genre, taken from various renowned authors (A ii-v).

Three years later, Badandus, taking his first steps as a latinist, decided to enlarge the extant corpus of renewed Aesop versions, adapting 24 new fables into prose, a ll of them different from those selected by Goudanus, and reprinted by Dorpius in A. 19 As his model Goudanus had

16 See before, note I 0. 17 For lhe life and bibliography of W. Goudanus. sec Comemporaries of Erasmus,

vol. 2. As memioned before, not one copy of that book of fables seems to have survived. We only know of it lhrough Dorpius' rcedition, which most probably included the prefatory let­ler by Goudanus. Some additional light could be shed by comparing Dorpius' texl with t11c edition. memioncd by Thoen (p. 247). of Aesopi fabulae ex oratione ligata in so/wam l"erse, Devenler. J. of Breda, ca. 1515. Unfonunately, this book only has 10 leaves, and seems to be without any preface. See Nij hoff - Kronenberg 30. On Goudanus' sources - who did nol translate I he fables from lhc Greek texl bLII followed the anonymous verse version attribuled to Gualtems Anglicus, also known as 1hc Anonymus Ncvclcti -,sec Thoen, passim. He also gives a list of avai.lable versions of Aesop in Dorpius' time. . 18 He wr~tc: 'ausus_ sum [ ... J fabellas Aesopicas rursus emiucre. non carmine quidem Il l~. subrusllce conscnptas, _sed prosa orationc nimisquc lepide concinnatas, vtpolc a Gulltelmo Goudano, Janto v1ro, vt ab Erasmo rneo, lileratorum quasi phenice, serio sit laud:uus'. Fobulae (edition C), A2-A3. De Vocht reedited the leiter in Monumefllo. pp. 361-364, dm ing i t November 1512, a queslion discussed before, in note 10.

19_ Barla~dus clearly explained this in his tiJie page of B: he was editing 'Fabulae, non li lac qu1dem a Guhelmo Goudano versac, sed aliae ab lladriano Barlando mutatae el auctae'.

MARTINUS DORPIUS AND HADRIANUS BARLANDUS 39

done before, Barlandus translated the verse fables into prose. Along the same lines, he reelaborated nine Avian us fables from medieval 'sore/ida' prose.2o Finally, following Dorpius' edition of 1509, Barlandus compiled a few more exce1pts from other humanists. Since Dorpius recommended Barlandus' work through seven distichs (Bi, and Cix). it becomes evident that both friends worked in mutual agreement. Edition B, far from being a redundant copy, was considered by them as a sort of enlargement of edi tion A. It also marked the first contact of Barlandus

with the printing press. A year later, thanks to the evident success of A and B, edition C

( l 513) included the contents of d1e previous two editions, eliminat ing several pieces, and adding new material. It brought together a total of 80 Aesop fables (those 45 formerl y edited by Dorpius, from Goudanus (A i), 22 by Barlandus elected from the 24 of B vi, and 13 new fables (Cxii)). At the same time, it included those pieces previously taken from Gellius, Polizianus, Crinitus (A), Mantuanus, Campanus, and Volater­ranus (B), the poem by Aegidius (A) and the other by Dorpius (B). The pieces e liminated were a passage by Epictetus from A v, and the fables of Avianus, adapted to prose by Barlandus in B ix.21 Instead of these, the edi tor selected two fables from Goudanus' version of 'Anianus' (C xiv). Other new elements added to C were: a small Aesop biography by Bar­landus, nine excerpts from Erasmus' Adagiorum chiliades, and a total of

20 A lol of confusion has arisen over Barlandus ' references to his version or A vi anus and that by Goudanus. lt seems that Goudanus, afler editing the 45 Aesop fab les - an unknown edition, obviously previous to Dm1Jius' reprint of 1509 (see before. note 17_) -. produced a new volume of fables, this time with several adaptations from the Avtanus medieval standard texl. The two excerpts from the Goudanus version of Anianus included by Barlandus in Cxiv, most probably belong to that lost edition, as well as Jhe lcuer ·tommes Cluetingius Guilielmo Goudano' (C xxiv), and maybe lhe set of Goudanu~_' poems !hat Barlandus himself had included in his edition of Erasmus' De ratione sw~/11. prinJed in Leuven. by Man ens, on September 24, IS 12 (Nijhoff- Kronenberg, 863, I:ICifC­man, M 82). When Jhat 'po.11rema Goudoni editio' fell into Barlandus' hands. he d1sco~­crcd that some of the pieces he had translated had also been adapted by Gouda nus. Obvi­ously, Barlandus did not wish to compete with I he famous humanist, but to enlarge. th_e sel of fables in quali.ly prose avai lable 10 the grammar students. He even became at ra1d of being charged wirh fraud if he decided to publish his own versions after Jhosc by Goudanus, and asked a friend to testify the truth of his story (B ii and iii). Truth or not, I3arlandus' version was harshly criticised by his collegues, as he recognized (Cviii), and he did not include his Avianus versions in C. iJ1corporating the two mentioned excerpts by Goudanus, and C lue tingius· leiter. See Daxhelet's different version in Adrien Barlon­dt~s. pp. 33-37.

21 Sec the previous note. II also explains the e limination from C of two of the 2A Aesop fab les fom1erty printed in U.

40 ENRIQUE GONZALEZ GONZALEZ

eight letters. Actually, two of these had appeared p reviously in A. This sort of combination of Aesop text with analogous literary pieces excerpted from very different authors would then lead to a very success­fu l series of reprints and adaptations whose history has been the object of Thoen's essay.

The third question to review involves the name of the compilator of edi tion C. If Barlandus followed Dorpius as an editor of Aesop, which of them prepared the third compilatio for Martens' press? If we pay attention to the contents, all the items making reference to Dorpius can be traced back to previous editions. On the contrary, the author of the pieces specific to edition C , makes evident Barlandus' hand. He wrote the biography of Aesop (vii), he introduced the two Fabulae Aniani (x iv), he excerpted the nine Apologi from Erasmus' new Adagio (xvi) ; and finally , Barlandus is the author of four of the six new letters of C, as well as being t.he addressee of a fifth one.

From those early years on, Dorpius seems to be more interested in writing than in printing. In the above mentioned letter to the three ludimagislri, he gives a list of his own works, reluctantly quoting that maybe, they will be printed in the future. It was not until 1512 that his first work was printed; the mentioned lmroductio f ... 1 ad Aris10relis libros inre fligendo, or Tractatus tenninomm, which appeared in Paris.22 Even more interesting, he declared that typographical care of the Aesop edition had been taken by his friend Njcolaus Broeckhoven. or Busco­ducensis.23 This same friend reappears tlu·ee years later as the curator o[

the Parisian edition of Termini. Dorpius, after teaching grammar for some time, spent at least njne years as a professor of logic and natural phi losophy, before devoting hjmself entirely to theology. The printing press seems to have been something ratl1er inc idental , merely instrumen­tal, in his life. On the contrary, Barlandus showed an enthusiastic jnter­est in the printing press, especially since 15 12, when D. Martens left Antwerp for Leuven. So great was his inre rest, that he took an active part in at least sixteen of the books printed by Martens during the following three years. This concern, both for humanities and for the printing press, remained for the rest of his life .

• 22 This ~eatise wt~~ discovered and incorporated into Dorpius· worh by J. IJsewijn, in

ht~ Praefatlo to Oratwnes f\1, p. IX. I thank him for 1-.indly offering me a reproduction of tillS most rare opuscule.

~ H.e.- Dorpiu~- declares in his epistle: 'curam lmius aeditiunculac in se omnem denuaull .

MARTINUS DORPIUS AND HA DRIAN US BARLANDUS 41

We can conclude that, if Dorpius had the grand idea of reprinting Goudanus' prose version of Aesop, supplemented with fables by differ­ent authors (ed. A), Barlandus went a step further by enlarging the corpus of humanist versions of Aesop, Avianus, and other authors of apologues for student usc (ed. B). Later on, he compile~ his friend's fo.r­mer work together with portions of B. and new matenals (ed. C). Sttll later, when Martens reprinted the biggest part of C in 1517, and then again in 1520, Barlandus introduced the editions with new prefatory epistles, and corrected his former versions, eliminating most of them.

24

D01-pius inaugurated a tradition which was supported and developed by

his friend Barlandus.

Universidad Nacional Aut6noma de Mexico

Mexico

24 See Daxhelet, Adrian 13arlandus, p. 36.

Volume XVll, Volumexvm. Volume XIX, Volume XX, Volume XXI, VolumeXXU, Volume XXlll, Volume XXIV, Volume XXV, Volume XXVI, Volume XXVII, Volume XXVTll, Volume XXIX, Volume XXX, Volume XXXI,

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Volume XXXII, 1983, 471 p. - 3200 f r. Volume XXXUI , 1984, 366 p.- 3200 fr. Volume XXXIV, 1985,513 p.- 3200 fr. Volume XXXV, 1986, 336 p.- 3200 fr. Volume XXXVI, 1987, 358 p.- 3200 fr. Volume XXXVll, 1988, 334 p.- 3200 fr. Volume XXXVlll, 1989, 378 p.- 3200 fr. Volume XXXIX. 1990, 427 p.- 3200 fr. Volume XL. 1991, 508 p. - 3200 fr. Volume XLl, 1992, 450 p.- 3200 fr. Volume XU!, 1993. 526 p. - 3200 fr. Volume XLUI, 1994, 506 p. - 3200 fr. Volume XLIV, 1995,463 p.- 3200 fr. Volume XLV, 1996,608 p.- 3200 fr. Volume XLVI, 1997,450 p.- 3200 fr.

SUPPLEMENTA HUMAN1STLCA LOVANlENSIA

I . lohannis Harmonii Marsi De rebus italicis deque triumpho Lurlovici XII regis Franco-rum Tragoedia, ed. G. Toumoy, 1978. 320 fr.

2. Charisterium H. De Vocht 1878-1978, cd. J. !Jsewijn & J. Roegiers, 1979. 350 fr. 3. Judocu& J. C. A. Crabeels. Odae 1scanae. Schrtltet'lfeest te 01•erijse ( 1781), ed.

J. !Jsewijn, G. Vande Punc & R. Denayer, 198 1. 320 fr. 4. Erasmiana Lovaniensia. Cataloog \'(1/1 de Tentoonste/ling. Universiteitsbibliotheek

Leuven, november 1986, 1986. 1200 fr. 5. Jozef lJsewijn, Companion to Neo-Latin Studies. Part J: History and Diffusion of

Neo-Latin Literature, 1990. 1596 fr. 6. Petms Bloccius, Praecepta formandis puerontm moribus perwilia. lnleiding, Tekst

en Verlaling van A.M. Coebergh-Van den Braak, 1991. 750 fr. 7. Pegosus De1•occuus. Studia in Hotrorem C. Arri Nurl sive llarry C. Schnur.

Accessere se/ecla eiusdem opuscula inedita. Cura et opera Gilberti Tournoy et Theodorici Sacre, 1992. 990 fr.

8. Vives te Leul'en. Catalogus vtm de tentoonstellin,r: in de Centrale Bibliotheek, 28 juni-20 augustus 1993. Eds. G. Tournoy, J. Roegiers, C. Coppens. 1993. 1800 fr.

9. Phineas Aetcher, Locustae vel Pietas 1esuitica. Edited With Introduction, Translation and Commentary by Estelle Haan, 1996. 950 fr.

I 0. The Works of Engelbertus Schut Leydensis (ca. 1420-1503 ). Edited by A.M. Coebergh van den Braak in co-operat ion with Dr. E. Rummel , 1997. 950 fr.

II. Morus ad Craneveldium: Litterae Balduinianae noi'Oe. More to Cranevelt. New Baudouin Leiters. Edited by Hubertus Schulte Herbriiggen, 1997. 950 fr.

12. Ur grcmum sinapis. Essays on Neo-Lat in Lirerature in Honour of .fozef !Jsewijn. Edited by Gilbert Tournoy and Dirk Sacrc, 1997. 950 fr.

13. Lipsius en Leuven. Catalogus van de tentoonstelling in de Cemnlle Bibliotlteek te Lem•en. 18 seprember-17 oktober 1997. Eds. G. Tourney, J. Papy, J. De Landtsheer, 1997. 1800 fr.

14. J. Dsewijn, D. Sacre, Companion tO Neo-Latin Studies: II: Literary, Linguistit, Pltilologicaland Editorial Questions, 1998. 2950 fr.

CONSPECTUS RERUM

1. TexiUs et Studia . - Victor SCIIMIDT, A 1/umanisr 's Ltfe Summari:t•d - Leo-

nardo Bruni's Epitaph ................... . Nikolaus THURN, Anmerkung£'11 zum Verstiindni:s der I lymni Naturales von Michael Mom/Ius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Enrique GONZAlEZ GoNZALEZ, Martinus D01·pius and Hadri-anus Barlcmdus editors of Aesop (1509-1513) . . . . . . . 28

- John N. GRANT, Era.\mus' Modu Orandi Deum, Origen 's De Oratione, and Cambridge Trinity College MS 194 (8.8.10). . 42

- John R. C'. MARTY , Jamts Secundus: Poems from Trip to Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

- Istvan BEJCZY. Un poeme incomw de Pierer Gillis sw· les vi/les du Brabmu (1531133) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

- Joaquin J. SANCIIEZ GAZQUEZ. La Pro Alberto Pio, Principe Carpensi. Antapo1ogia in Era:.mum Roterodumum de Juan Gines de Sept1/vedo: testimonio de una singular asimi-lac·ion cultural)' retrato de tm Jmmanista . . . . . . . . . . 75 Meta DE VRIES. De luctuosa Prisiae Occiduac Oricntali que el totius pene Be1gii inundatione, Anno M.D.LXX. Calend. Novemb. by Nanning van Foreest. Edition of tlw Textwitlt lmroduction and Commentary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Antonio SERRA o CUETO, Ambrosii Mora/is de Cordubac Urbis Origine. Situ et Antiquitate (Complwt, 1574). . . . . 143 Elzbieta KoLBUS. Sebastiani Fabiani Sulmircensis Acerni Roxo1ania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

- Jan P APY, ltnJiam vcstram amo supra omnes terras! Lipsius' Auiwde towards Italy and lwlian 1/umanism of the Late Sixteenth C£•ntury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245

- Jose Sous or· LOS SANTOS. Dos carws desconoc:idas de Justo Lip~·io y otras seis que le araquen C'tt Ia corrcspondencia de Lotem.o Ramfre:: de Prado (1583-1658) . . . . . . . . . . . 278

- John K. HALE, Did Milton Rl'ally Ridicule Plato's Theory of Ideal Forms in De ldea Plalonica? . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

- Dirk SACRE, Some Une.\11lored Editions of Sidronius flos­schius's (and of Becanu~ 's) Poe fly (with a Forgouen Poem). 350

- Christian LAES, ForJ?ing Petrtmius: Fran~·ois Nodot and the Fake Pctroniun Fra~mems. . . . . . 358

2. Jnstrumentum bibliographicum Neo1atinum . 403 3. Nuntii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 4. lnsu-umentum 1cxicographicum . 457 5. fndices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 - Index codicum manuscriptorum . 459 - Index nominum . . . . . . . . . 460