Post on 20-Jan-2023
Lao People’s Democratic Republic
National Implementation Plan Under
Stockholm Convention
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
Pollution Control Department
Vientiane Capital City, March 2016
List of Steering Committee Members Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
Ministry of Industry and Commerce
Ministry of Energy and Mines
Ministry of Public Health
Ministry of Defense
Ministry of Public Works and Transport
Ministry of Planning and Investment
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Ministry of Finance
Ministry of Information, Culture and Tourism
Ministry of National Science and Technology
List of Project Team Members
Mme Bounkham Vorachith
Vice Minister of Ministry of National Resources and Environment
Mme. Monemany Nhoybouakong
Vice Minister of Ministry of National Resources and Environment
Mr Khamphanh Nanthavong, Director General, Pollution Control Department
National Focal Point to the Stockholm Convention
Mr. Khonekeo Kingkhambang
Pollution Control Department
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
Project Manager
Ms. Daovinh Souphonphakdy
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
Supporting Staff
Ms. Latdaphone Banchongphanith PhD
National Consultant
National Working Group for the NIP Project
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
Ministry of Industry and Commerce
Ministry of Defense
Ministry of Finance
Ministry of Public Security
Ministry of Energy and Mine
Electricity Du Lao (EDL)
Foreword
With nine more new chemicals having added to the POPs list, and recognizing the risk and
growing threats of POPs chemicals to the human health and the environment, as well as the
social need for a more effective management strategy for handling POPs and the contaminated
sites, the Government of Lao PDR, represented by the Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment, with the financial and technical support from the Global Environmental Facility
(GEF) and the United Nations Industry Development Organization (UNIDO) had conducted the
inventory of POPs chemicals and eventually issued the Updated National Implementation Plan
(NIP) in January 2016.
After the first NIP endorsement in 2009, priority activities have been carried out aiming to
reduce and phase out the use of the listed twelve POPs chemicals. However, the implementation
of the NIP faced several challenges including capacity limitation, the lack of regulatory
framework and funding resources. Being aware of the need to continue the effective
implementation of environmentally sound POPs chemical management, the updated NIP aims to
present recent results of the POPs inventory and based on which, propose viable POPs
management strategy and relevant action plans as well as priority projects.
The issuance of the updated NIP affirms the commitment of the Government of Lao PDR in
effectively implement the Stockholm Convention for protect the Lao people’s health and the
national environment resources. In addition, the Government is fully aware of the limited
capacity of its national chemical management agencies and institutions, the updated NIP will
serve as guidelines to the relevant national agencies and institutions for future more effective
POPs management include cooperation with relevant international organizations and institution.
On this occasion, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation to relevant ministries,
institutions, and individuals for their fruitful cooperation during the conduct of POPs chemicals
inventory of this meaningful updated NIP formulation . Also on behalf of the Government of the
Lao PDR, I would like to extend our sincere gratitude to all development partner, institutional
organization and civil societies, notably the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the United
Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and others for their kind and effective
support the Lao PDR in addressing the POPs issues.
Sommad PHOLSENA
Minister
Abbreviations and Acronyms
ADS Agriculture Development Strategy
AEC ASEAN Economic Community
AIP Agriculture Investment Plan
AMP Agricultural Mater Plan
AOD Aerosol Optical Depth
ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations
BAT Best Available Techniques
BDE Bromodiphenyl ether
BEP Best Environmental Practices
CBD Convention on Biological Diversity
CDM Clean Development Mechanism
COP Conference of the Parties
DDT 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl)ethane
DDV.P Dimethyl phosphate
DOA Department of Agriculture of MAF
DOC Department of Customs
EDL Electricity du Laos
EEE Electric and electronic equipment
EMMU Environment Management and Monitoring Units
EoL End-of-life
ESM Environmentally Sound Management
E-Waste Electronic waste
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GEF Global Environment Facility
GOL Government of Lao PDR
HBB Hexabromobiphenyl
HBCD Hexabromocyclododecane
HCB Hexachlorobenzene
HCH Hexachlorocyclohexane
HDAFO District Agriculture and Forestry Office
IOMC
Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals
IPM Integrated Pest Management
IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature
IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management
L/l Liter
Lao PDR Lao People's Democratic Republic
LCD Liquid-Crystal Display
LDCs Least Developed Countries
LNMCS Lao National Mekong Committee Secretariat
LPRP Lao People’s Revolutionary Party
MAF Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
MEM Ministry of Energy and Mining
MoD Ministry of Defense
MoF Ministry of Finance
MoFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs
MoH Ministry of Public Health
MoIC Ministry of Industry and Commerce
MoICT Ministry of Information, Culture and Tourism
MoJ Ministry of Justice
MoNRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
MoPS Ministry of Public Security
MoST Ministry of Science and Technology
MPI Ministry of Planning and Investment
MPWT Ministry of Public Works and Transport
NES National Environment Strategy
NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations
NGPES National Growth and Poverty Eradication Strategy
NHCS National Hazardous Chemicals and Substances Strategy
NIP National Implementation Plan
NPAs National Protected Areas
NSEDP National Socio-Economic Development Plan
NUOL Nnational University of Laos
PAFO Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Office
PBDEs Polybrominated diphenyl ethers
PCBs Polychlorinated biphenyls
PCDD Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
PCDF Polychlorinated dibenzofurans
PCN polychlorinatednaphtalenes
PeCBs Pentachlorobenzene
PFOS Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
PFOSF Perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride
PMO Prime Minister's Office
POPs Persistent Organic Pollutants
PTS Persistent Toxic Substances
REDD Deforestation and Forest Degradation
SC Stockholm Convention
SCP Sustainable Consumption and Production
STEA Science, Technology, and Environment Agency
T Tonnes
TEQ Toxic equivalent
THB Thai Baht
TVs Televisions
TVs Televisions
UNEP United Nation Environment Programme
UNIDO United Nation Industrial Development Organization
UPOPs Unintentionally produced POPs
USD US dollars
UXO Lao Lao National Unexploded Ordnance Programme
WEEE Electric and Electronic Equipment Waste
WHO World Health Organization
WREA Water Resources and Environmental Administration
WREI Water Resources and Environment Institute
i
Executive Summary
Acknowledging the global apprehension related to the impacts of Persistent Organic Pollutants-
POPs to human health and the environment, the Government Lao of PDR is committed to join
the international community to reduce and prevent the impacts of these toxic chemicals on
human health and the environment.
This dedication is clearly demonstrated by the Government’s ratification to the Stockholm
Convention on June 28 2006 and endorsement of the NIP in April 2010. In response to declining
environmental conditions, the Government of Lao PDR country has made important strides in
instituting changes in partnership with local communities and international organizations.
Lao PDR’s primary POPs management policy is to address general environmental problems, in
combination with national efforts to achieve sustainable development and safeguard public
health. The reduction and eventual elimination of POPs, and the special exemption of POPs use,
will be met through the implementation of the Stockholm Convention-SC.
Based on the national policy related to POPs and from the time of the signature of the Stockholm
Convention on 5 March 2002, the Government of Lao PDR delegated the Science Technology
and Environment Agency (STEA), then the Water Resources and Environment Administration
(WREA), the new established Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MoNRE) to
serve as the national focal point for coordinating, monitoring and assessing the implementation
of the Stockholm Convention (SC) and since 2010.
The approval of the first National Implementation Plan-NIP in 2009 plays a very important role as a
national policy of POPs management and planning guidance for all relevant stakeholders to
implement actions contained in the document. This national plan shows also an initial direction
for all concerned ministries and institutions on POPs management, to implement and update their
activities for achieving the long term goal to reduce, and where possible, to eliminate POPs
release and presence in the country.
The NIP is designed to identify priority activities related to effective POPs management, and to
seek technical and financial support to the Government and the people of Lao PDR in managing,
reducing, and where possible phasing out and eliminating the release of POPs throughout the
country. These priority activities are coherent with the National Socio-Economic Development
Strategy (2025) and Five Years Plans (2016-2020), the Millennium Goals, the National Growth
and Poverty Eradication Strategy (NGPES), the National Environment Strategy up to the year
2020 (NES), and the Environmental Protection Law. Consequently the NIP will no doubt
contribute to the creation of a cleaner and safer natural environment for all Lao People.
ii
By 2013 twenty-three POP chemicals were listed in the Stockholm Convention whilst before
2009 there were only twelve POPs chemicals in the list. It became necessary to include the new
listed POPs in project activities and generate an updated NIP. The initial Seminar for NIP update
took place in October 2013 in Vientiane Capital. The Ministry of the Natural Resources and
Environment (MoNRE) was the focal point of the NIP update project. This project was aimed to
update the inventory initially endorsed in 2009 by adding the scope for the nine new listed POPs
and endosulfan.
The process for developing the current NIP followed the guidelines of the “Guidance for
Developing a National Implementation Plan for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic
Pollutants” (UNEP, 2012). To support the drafting of the NIP, the following studies and
inventories were carried out, consolidating important information on the POP situation in Laos:
a) National inventory of sources and estimates of unintentional POPs emissions;
b) National inventory of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs);
c) National inventory of stockpiles and waste of POPs used as pesticides and for other uses;
d) National inventory of industrial POPs (PBDEs and PFOS, its salts and derivates); and
e) National inventory of POPs contaminated sites.
By consolidating the results from the inventories and collected information, this National
Implementation Plan provides an overview of the POPs situation in Lao PDR, and based on the
information gathered in each inventory, action plans and priorities relating to each group of
POPs chemicals are proposed and discussed.
The NIP consists of three chapters. Chapter 1 presents an overall introduction to the persistent
organic pollutants and the Stockholm Convention and Lao PDR’s commitment to update the
NIP. Gender issues in implementing NIP is also included to shed a light on challenges to
effectively engaged in protecting them and their families from harm of POPs and gender issues
to be reflected at both site and policy level interventions for sound chemical management.
Chapter 2 provides general information of geography and population, political profile, economic
and environmental status of Laos. The most important part of this chapter consists of the results
of the POPs inventory which are divided into various sections such as 1) current POPs situation
and POPs management status in the country based on the results of the inventory of POPs
pesticides, DDT, PCBs, PFOS and PFOFS, PBDES and unintentional POPs; 2) information on
stockpiles, contaminated sites and relevant regulation, guidance, and remediation measures.
Based upon the results of POPs inventory, general information on future POPs management
mechanisms including: i) information on future production, use and release of POPs; ii) existing
programmes for monitoring of releases and environmental and human health impact; iii) current
level of information, awareness, education among target groups and existing communication
system; overview of the technical infrastructure for POPs assessment, measurement, analysis,
alternatives and prevention measures, management, research and development; Identification of
impacted populations or environments, estimated scale and magnitude of threats to public health
and environmental quality, and social implications for workers and local communities; chemical
iii
management systems. In the end of this chapter, a brief summary of the first NIP implementation
status is included.
Chapter 3 provides an overview on the GOL’s policy to formulate strategy for implementing the
NIP. Within the implementation strategy, detailed action plans or strategies to achieve
convention obligations and any additional objectives set by the country. In light of strategy for
the implementation of SC, three strategies are identified, they are: i) Identifying, assessment and
mitigation of the stockpiles, articles in use and waste consisting of, containing and contaminated
with POPs”; ii) improvement of POPs information exchange; and iii) promote the conduct of
POPs and persistent toxic substances research. There are total 62 action plans are proposed to be
implemented for sound POPs chemicals management. In order to provide guidelines for
implementing the NIP, necessary resources, timetable and method for monitoring and evaluation
of NIP implementation as well as reporting systems are defined.
Table of Contents
Page
Number
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 THE STOCKHOLM CONVENTION 1
1.2 PURPOSE OF THE NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 3
1.3 THE RATIONALE OF THE NIP REVIEW AND UPDATE 4
1.4. METHODOLOGY IN FORMULATING THE NATIONAL
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 4
1.5. SUMMARY OF ISSUES ON POPs 5
11..66.. SSTTRRUUCCTTUURREE OOFF TTHHEE NNAATTIIOONNAALL IIMMPPLLEEMMEENNTTAATTIIOONN PPLLAANN 7
CHAPTER 2. COUNTRY BASELINE AND ASSESSMENT OF POPs ISSUES 8
2.1. COUNTRY BASELINE 8
2.1.1. GEOGRAPHIC AND POPULATION PROFILES 8
2.1.2. ECONOMIC PROFILE 9
2.1.2a. Economic Growth Rate 9
2.1.2b Economic Sectors 9
2.1.3. ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE 11
2.2. EXISTING LEGISLATIONS AND REGULATIONS ADDRESSING POPs 12
2.3. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES GOVERNMENTAL INSTITUTIONS
INVOLVED IN POPs MANAGEMENT 13
22..44.. PPOOPPss FFOORREEIIGGNN AASSSSIISSTTEEDD PPRROOJJEECCTTSS IINN TTHHEE LLAAOO PPDDRR 14
22..55.. AASSSSEESSSSMMEENNTT OOFF TTHHEE PPOOPPSS IISSSSUUEE IINN LLAAOO PPDDRR 17
2.5.1 PRESENT STATUS (2015) OF THE NINE INITIAL PESTICIDES 17
2.5.2 PRESENT STATUS (2015) OF PCBS 18
2.5.3. PRESENT STATUS (2015) OF DIOXINS AND FURANS 19
2.5.4 INITIAL ASSESSMENT OF THE FIVE NEW POPS PESTICIDES (2015) 24
2.5.5. INITIAL ASSESSMENT OF PBDEs (2015) 24
2.5.6 INITIAL ASSESSMENT OF PFCs (PFOS and PFOA) (2015)
26
2.5.7 SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT STAUS OF POPS CHEMICALS IN LAO
PDR 27
2.5.8. EXISTING PROGRAMS FOR MONITORING OF POP RELEASES AND
ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN HEALTH IMPACT
29
2.5.9. CURRENT LEVEL OF INFORMATION, AWARENESS, AND
EDUCATION AMONG TARGET GROUPS 30
CHAPTER 3. GOALS AND ACTION PLANS 31
3.1 REVIEW OF ACTION PLANS OF NIP 2010 31
3.2 THE UPDATED NIP OF 2016 42
3.2.1 STRATEGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NIP 2016 42
3.2.2. GOALS, ACTION PLANS AND ACTIVITIES IN THE UPDATED NIP 43
3.2.2.1. POPS PESTICIDES 44
3.2.2.2. PCBs 50
3.2.2.3. LISTED BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS (POP-PBDES, HBB
AND HBCD)
56
3.2.2.4. PFOS, PFOSF AND RELATED SUBSTANCES
62
3.2.2.5. UNINTENTIONALLY PRODUCED POPS 65
3.2.2.6. CROSSCUTTING ISSUES AND MANAGEMENT OF NIP
IMPLEMENTATION
68
3.3 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NIP 2016 75
3.3.1 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
76
3.3.2 TIMETABLE FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF NIP, SECOND FIVE YEARS
(2016-2020) 76
3.3.3.MONITORING, EVALUATION AND REPORTING
70
APPENDICES Appendix
APPENDIX 1. STRATEGY AND ACTION PLANS FOR THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STOCKHOLM CONVENTION LINKED
TO THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE GENERAL CHEMICAL WASTE
MANAGEMENT
1
1. Strategy: Identifying, assessment and mitigation of the stockpiles, articles
in use and waste consisting of, containing and contaminated with POPs
1
2 Strategy: Improvement of POPs information exchange
1
3 Strategy: Promote the conduct of POPs and Persistent Toxic Substances
(PTS) research
2
APPENDIX 2. PRIORITY PROJECTS FOR CAPACITY BUILDING AND FOR
REDUCTION AND ELIMINATION OF POPS
3
A. Priority projects for POPs pesticides reduction and elimination
3
B. Priority projects for PCBs Management
3
C. Priority projects for PBDEs and HBCD containing material management 3
D. Priority projects for elimination of use and management of materials
containing PFOS, PFOSF and related substances
3
E. Priority projects for the management of unintentionally produced POPs
4
F. Priority projects for the management of POPs contaminated sites
4
G. Priority projects for Management of NIP implementation
4
APPENDIX 3: PROJECT PROFILES FOR POSSIBLE TECHNICAL AND
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
5
A. Project Profiles for Reduction and Elimination of POPs Pesticides
5
B. Project Profiles for the Management of PCBs
14
C. Project profiles for the Management of Unintentionally Produced POPs
25
D. Project Profile for the Coordination of the SC AND NIP Implementation
52
List of Tables
Table 1.1a. Annexes to chemicals covered by the Stockholm Convention
Table 2.1.1 Geographic, administrative and population profiles of Lao PDR
Table 2.1.2a. Contribution of industry to GDP (in percentage) from 2009-2014
Table 2.1.3a Present status of the environment and environmental management in Lao PDR
Table 2.3 Government institutions involved in POPs management
TTaabbllee 22..44..11.. LLiisstt ooff ffoorreeiiggnn aassssiisstteedd PPOOPPss pprroojjeeccttss iinn LLaaoo PPDDRR
Table 2.5.2. Total number of in use electric transformers in Lao PDR
Table 2.5.3a. Summary of updated 2005 dioxins/furans inventory
Table 2.5.3b Inventory of Dioxins and Furans by source category
Table 2.5.3c. National inventory of Dioxins and Furans in 2015
Table 2.5.5a. 2013 Inventory of c-octaBDEs in household stockpiles, imported electronic equipment
and electronic wastes
Table 2.5.5b. Inventory of c-pentaBDEs in old vehicles in use, imported and disposed vehicles in 2013
Table 2.5.6a Inventory of PFOS in Synthetic Materials
Table 2.5.6b. Inventory of Potential PFOS Stockpiles
Table 2.5.8 Summary of the present status (2015) of the POPs chemicals in Lao PDR
Table 3.1a. Review of action plans for the initial POPs pesticides (Aldrin, Chlordane, Dieldrin, DDT,
Endrin, Heptachlor, Hexachlorobenzene, Toxaphene and Mirex)in the NIP 2010
Table 3.1b. Review of action plans for PCBs
Table 3.1c. Review of action plans for Dioxins and Furans
Table 3.1d. Review of action plans for management of NIP implementation
Table 3.2.2.1 Action plans addressing POPs Pesticides
Table 3.2.2.2 Action plans addressing PCBs
Table 3.2.2.3 Action plans addressing POP-PBDEs, HBB and HBCD
Table 3.2.2.4. Action plans addressing PFOS
Table 3.2.2.5. Action Plans for Unintentionally Produced POPs (UPOPs)
Table 3.2.2.6. Action plans for crosscutting issues in management of the NIP
Table 3.3.1. Approximate budget for implementation of action plans in the NIP 2010
Table 3.3.2. Tentative schedule of the implementation of NIP 2015
List of Figures
Figure 2.1.1 Map of Lao PDR
Figure 2.1.2a Economic growth rate of PDR from 2008-2014
Figure 1.1.2b. Permanent coffee and rubber plantation areas (hectares) by province in 2010/11
Figure 2.5.3a. The distribution of the contribution of source categories to the total emissions of
dioxins and furan in the 2015 national inventory.
Figure 2.5.3b. Comparison of dioxin/furan inventories in 2005 and 2015
FINAL –UPDATED (2016) NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
FOR STOCKHOLM CONVENTION ON POPS
1
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. THE STOCKHOLM CONVENTION
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic substances that possess various degree of
stability to photolysis, biological and chemical degradation. These substances are semi-volatile and
can be transported from their sources through air flow to all parts of the globe. The adverse health
effects of POPs to humans and to the environment have been demonstrated in many scientific
studies.
The Stockholm Convention (also referred to as the Convention) was adopted on 22 May
2001 and entered into force globally on 17 May 2004. Its main objective is to protect human
health and the environment from POPs.
The Convention focuses initially on the following twelve chemicals that are grouped into
three categories, namely:
• Pesticides – aldrin, chlordane, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dieldrin,
endrin, heptachlor, mirex, toxaphene, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB)
• Industrial chemicals - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), HCB, and mirex
• Unintended by-products – dioxins and furans, PCBs, and HCB
The Convention requires its Parties to take measures to reduce or eliminate releases from
intentional and unintentional production and use of these chemicals. These measures include
the development and implementation of action plans to be able to fulfill the Party’s
obligations to the Convention. In summary, Parties to the Convention are obligated to:
• Immediately ban production and use of all POPs pesticides except DDT
• Restrict the use of DDT for vector control and aim to phase it out over time
• Ban production and use of PCBs and hexachlorobenzene
• Phase out existing PCBs over the next 25 years
• Dispose stockpiles of unwanted POPs
• Reduce, with the ultimate aim of eliminating, unintentional POPs by-products
(dioxins, furans, PCBs, hexachlorobenzene)
• Identify and manage contaminated sites.
In 2009, 2011 and 2013, new chemicals are covered by the Stockholm Convention. The
Convention requires parties to comply with the Convention obligations specified in Table 1.1a
FINAL –UPDATED (2016) NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
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Table 1.1a. Annexes to chemicals covered by the Stockholm Convention
Parties to the Convention are obligated to adopt additional measures to include the
2001 2009 2011 2013
Annex A
For
Elimination
Annex B
For
Restriction
Annex C
Unintention
al
Production
For
Reduction
Annex A
For
Elimination
Annex B
For
Restriction
Annex C
Unintentional
Production For
Reduction
Annex A
For
Elimination
Annex A
For
Elimination
Aldrin DDT
Poly
chlorinated
dibenzo-p-
dioxins and
dibenzo
furans
Alpha
hexachloro-
cyclohexane
(α HCH)
Beta hexachloro
cyclohexane
(β HCH)
Perfluoro
octane
sulfonic
acid, its
salts
(PFOA)
and
perfluoro
octanesulfo
nyl fluoride
(PFOS)
Penta
chlorobenzene
(PeCB)
Endosulfan
Hexa
bromo
cyclo
dodecane
(HBD)
Chlordane
Hexachloro
Benzene
(HCB)
Chlordecone
Dieldrin
Polychlorina
ted
Biphenyls
(PCBs)
Hexabromo
Biphenyl
Endrin
Hexabromo
diphenyl ether
and haptabromo
diphenyl ether
(commercial
octa PBDE)
Heptachlor Lindane
Hexachloro
benzene
Pentachloro
Benzene
Toxaphene
Perfluorooctane
sulfonic acid,
its salts (PFOA)
and
Perfluorooctane
sulfonyl
fluoride
(PFOS)
Polychlorinat
ed Biphenyls
(PCBs)
Tetrabromo
diphenyl ether
and pentabromo
diphenyl ether
(commercial
penta PBDE)
FINAL –UPDATED (2016) NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
FOR STOCKHOLM CONVENTION ON POPS
3
development and implementation of action plans to:
Immediately ban production and use of all the new POPs pesticides in 2009 Annex A,
2011 Annex A and HBD in 2013 Annex A.
Immediately ban production and use of PFOS and PFOA, Hexabromobiphenyl,
Hexabromodiphenyl ether and haptabromodiphenyl ether (commercial octa PBDE) and
Tetrabromodiphenyl ether and pentabromodiphenyl ether (commercial
pentabromodiphenyl ether) in 2009 Annex A.
Restrict the use PFOS and PFOA in 2009 Annex B
Reduce, with the ultimate aim of eliminating, unintentional POPs pentachlorobenzene in
2009 Annex C
Identify and manage contaminated sites
Parties are also obliged to share information, promote information dissemination and
awareness, and undertake research, monitoring and surveillance of future POPs.
The Convention recognizes that many Parties will need technical and financial assistance to
meet their obligations. Parties will establish appropriate arrangements to provide technical
assistance and promote the transfer of technology to developing country Parties and Parties with
economy in transition to assist them in fulfilling their obligations.
1.2. PURPOSE OF THE NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
Lao PDR signed the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutant (POPs) on 5th
March 2002 and ratified on 28th
June 2006. Bound by this Convention, Lao PDR affirmed its full
commitment to cooperate with the international community for the reduction and elimination of
POPs as regulated by the provisions of the Convention based on the capacity of the country.
The National Implementation Plan (NIP) is intended to develop appropriate approaches to
build the national capacity on POPs reduction and elimination. The NIP defines the national policy
on POPs management. It provides guidance and direction for all concerned ministries and
institutions to implement and update their activities for achieving the long term goal to reduce, and
where possible, to eliminate POPs release and presence in the country. This NIP is supporting the
governmental policy framework, including Lao PDR's millennium development goals in the
following areas:
1) Improvement of public health
2) Prevention of toxic chemical releases into the environment
3) Reduction of poverty through reducing cost of health services.
The NIP identifies priority activities related to effective POPs management, and the technical
and financial support to the Government and the people of Lao PDR in managing, reducing, and
where possible phasing out and eliminating the release of POPs throughout the country. These
priority activities are coherent with the National Socio-Economic Development Strategy (2020) and
Five Years Plans, the Millennium Goals, the National Growth and Poverty Eradication Strategy
FINAL –UPDATED (2016) NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
FOR STOCKHOLM CONVENTION ON POPS
4
(NGPES), the National Environment Strategy up to the year 2020 (NES), and the National
Hazardous Chemicals and Substances Strategy (NHCS). Consequently the NIP will contribute to the
creation of a cleaner and safer natural environment for all Lao People.
One of the key objectives of the NIP is to effectively utilize funding resources from the GEF,
donor governments, and the Government of Lao PDR in implementing strategies in managing
chemicals including POPs, that will reconcile the social, economic, health, and environmental
objectives of the country in the national and local levels. Action plans in ensuring sound
management of chemicals would include the development and implementation of the government
policies on environmental management and poverty reduction including the gender policy. Thus, to
undertake all the necessary processes to elaborate this NIP, Lao PDR used funds from the GEF and
was supported by UNIDO through an international cooperation project.
1.3 THE RATIONALE OF THE NIP REVIEW AND UPDATE
The first NIP published in 2010 included action plans to address the county’s commitment to
the Stockholm Convention on the 12 initially listed POPs. To comply with Article 7 of the
Convention, it is necessary to update the NIP to include activities that will address the elimination or
reduction of the new POPs listed in the Convention.
To update the NIP, a review of the progress of the government in achieving its set
commitments in the 2010 NIP is necessary. Action plans to continue the activities that were not
implemented in the first NIP and action plans to address the elimination and/or reduction of the new
11 chemicals listed in the Convention are included in the updated NIP.
1.4 . METHODOLOGY IN FORMULATING THE NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION
PLAN
The process for developing the updated NIP followed the guidelines of the “Guidance for
Developing a National Implementation Plan for the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic
Pollutants” (UNEP, 2012) and included the following stages:
Stage 1: Establishment of the mechanisms for process coordination and organization;
Stage 2: Development of POP inventories and analysis of national infrastructure and
capacity;
Stage 3: Establishment of priorities and objectives;
Stage 4: Formulation of the National Implementation Plan and the specific POP Action
Plans;
Stage 5: Endorsement of the NIP by stakeholders.
The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment acted as the project’s executing agency,
coordinating the development of the NIP, using the expertise of its technical staff and hiring
consultants. The drafting of the updated NIP was developed in consultation with the National
Steering Committee composed of the following key government agencies:
FINAL –UPDATED (2016) NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
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5
- Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry;
- Ministry of Public Health;
- Ministry of Planning and Investment;
- Ministry of Industry and Commerce;
- Ministry of Defense;
- Ministry of Public Security;
- Ministry of Public Work and Transportation;
- Ministry of Finance,
- Ministry of Education and Sports;
- Ministry of Information, Culture and Tourism
- Ministry of Justice;
The actual development of the NIP was carried out by the following government agencies:
- Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment;
- Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry;
- Ministry of Public Health;
- Ministry of Industry and Commerce;
- Ministry of Defense;
- Ministry of Public Security;
- Ministry of Science and Technology;
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs;
- Electricity du Laos;
- Ministry of Planning and Investment;
- Ministry of Justice.
To support the drafting of the NIP, the national inventories on banned pesticides,
unintentional POPs emissions, PCBs, PBDEs, PFOS and on POPs contaminated sites were carried
out. Action plans for the management of POP pesticides, PCBs, contaminated sites, PFOS and
PBDEs, and progressive reduction of unintentional releases of POPs were discussed and proposed in
the updated NIP. Plans and measures to strengthen the legislative framework for the management of
POPs, the dissemination of information, awareness and education of the public on POPs, and the
national analytical capacity for monitoring POPs were included in the updated NIP. As the data
gathered from the POPs inventories were short on information on the socio-economic aspects
relevant to POPs, the socio-economic study is excluded from the scope of the NIP update project.
1.5. SUMMARY OF ISSUES ON POPs
Based on the results of identification and assessment of POPs related issues, the main areas
of concern which need improvement to effectively manage POPs in Lao PDR are the following:
• Institutional and regulatory framework
• Public health and environment
• Socio-economic aspects
• Data and information framework
• Human resources development; and
• Public awareness
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Specific issues from the assessment of the different POPs chemicals are identified:
POPs Pesticides:
1. There is no comprehensive data base on the current importation, distribution and use of
pesticides including POPs pesticides. One of the major problems in pesticide control is
that the local retail shops are selling pesticides imported from neighboring countries
without registering with the local authority. It can be expected that an unaccounted
amount of illegally imported pesticides may have been widely distributed in the local
markets.
2. The illegal sale of banned pesticides including POPs pesticides exists.
3. The analytical capability to carry out testing and analysis of pesticides including POPs
pesticides does not exist.
4. There is lack of awareness about the health hazard of banned pesticides including POPs
pesticides among the shop owners, local farmers and the general public.
5. The existing national inventory of banned pesticides including POPs pesticide is not
complete.
PCBs:
1. No specific law/regulation for management of equipment contaminated with PCBs and
PCB wastes exists. The strict management and control on the use, disposal and health
risk prevention from PCBs are not yet systematically and comprehensively
implemented.
2. Improper management of PCB contaminated dielectric oil and equipment pose big
threats to public health and environment.
3. Recycling and export of transformers contaminated with PCBs are still practiced by
private venders.
4. Records of transformers and capacitors are not systematically and effectively
maintained.
5. The monitoring capacity to evaluate the presence of PCBs in dielectric oil, electric
transformers and capacitors and in contaminated sites is limited.
Dioxins and Furans:
1. Laws and regulations on monitoring and management of dioxins/furans have not been
enacted.
2. The inventory framework for inventory of dioxins and furans is incomplete due to
unavailable or insufficient data on various sources of the dioxins/furans emissions.
3. The public awareness on the harmful effects of dioxins/furans to the environment and
human health is very low.
4. Scientific investigation including monitoring and laboratory tests are needed to
examine emissions and suspected contaminated sites.
PBDEs:
1. Laws and regulations on the management of PBDEs and articles containing PBDEs
have not been enacted.
2. The initial inventory of PBDEs from available information on imported goods is
limited.
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3. The improper disposal of wastes articles containing PBDEs by recycling and by open
burning in households cause widespread contamination of the environment with
PBDEs.
4. Public awareness on the harmful effects of PBDEs to the environment and human
health is very low.
5. The national environmental agencies and institutes have very limited capacity for
identification and monitoring of PBDEs in the sources, stockpiles and contaminated
sites.
PFOS:
1. There are no existing laws and regulations on the restriction or management of PFOS
and its related salts
2. Public awareness on the harmful effects of PFOS to environment and human health is
very low.
3. Suspected PFOS containing products such as old firefighting foam concentration agent
is misused by individuals.
4. Improper disposal of containers of PFOS based chemicals by mixing with common
municipal waste and by incineration in households, accelerates widespread cumulative
contaminated sites and emissions among residential areas.
5. Very limited capacity of national agencies to identify the PFOS sources, stockpiles and
contaminated sites. Scientific investigation possibly including laboratory tests are
needed to examine the suspected contaminated sites
6. Exclusion of PFOS from imported articles in the initial inventory of PFOS due to
incomplete information on imported products from the DOC.
11..66.. SSTTRRUUCCTTUURREE OOFF TTHHEE NNAATTIIOONNAALL IIMMPPLLEEMMEENNTTAATTIIOONN PPLLAANN
The NIP consists of three chapters:
Chapter 1 presents an overall introduction to the persistent organic pollutants, the
Stockholm Convention and Lao PDR’s commitment to the Convention.
Chapter 2 provides an overview of the country’s geography, population, political,
economic and environmental profiles. This chapter includes the present status of POPs in the
country based on available information from surveys of POPs use, stockpiles, contaminated sites,
and public awareness; and the relevant regulations and measures to manage POPs.
Chapter 3 provides a review of the implementation of the first NIP and presents the goals,
strategy and action plans of the updated NIP and project proposals to generate financial resources
to support the updated NIP. The details on the strategy of the implementation of the action plans
including the timetable, necessary resources, methods of monitoring, evaluation and reporting
are included in the action plans.
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CHAPTER 2. COUNTRY BASELINE AND ASSESSMENT OF POPs
ISSUES
2.1. COUNTRY BASELINE
2.1.1. GEOGRAPHIC AND POPULATION PROFILES
The Lao’s People Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), also known as Laos, is a land locked
country located at the center of the Indochinese peninsula. Laos is bounded by the People’s Republic
of China (505km) in the North, the Union of Myanmar (236 km) in the North West, the Kingdom of
Thailand (1835 km) in the West, the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam (2,069km) in the East, and the
Kingdom of Cambodia (435km) in the South. Table 2.1.1a shows the geographic, administrative and
population profiles of the country.
Table 2.1.1 Geographic, administrative and population profiles of Lao PDR
Figure 2.1.1 Map of Lao PDR
The Lao PDR was established on 2
December 1975 as a communist one state
party, the Lao People’s Revolutionary Party
(LPRP).
The country is divided into three
geographical zones: the Northern, the
Central, and the Southern regions and
administratively composed of 17
provinces consisting of 142 districts.
Laos has a land area of 236,800 km2 with
80% of the total area as mountainous with
a large volume of renewable water
resources. The Mekong River flows
through 1,865 km of Lao PDR territory
and forms the major portion of the border
with Thailand.
The total population is 6.5 million (MPI
2015) with a population density of 29 per
km2
Laos has 49 ethnic groups: Lao Loum
(lowland) and Lao Theung (highland)
(90%), Lao Sung (Hmong) (9%),
Vietnamese and Chinese and other races
(1%). The predominant religions are
Buddhism (65%), Animism and others
(33.7%) and Christianity (1.3%).
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2.1.2. ECONOMIC PROFILE
Lao PDR belongs to the group of Least Developed Countries (LDCs). The country has set its
economic goal to exit LDCs by the year 2020. Lao PDR has a labor force of 3,409,503 with
unemployment rate of 1.4% (World Bank, 2014). The major business centers are Vientiane Capital
(Population 797,130) Luang Prabang (Population 463,485), Savannakhet (Population 937,907) and
Champasack (Population 670,122).
2.1.2a. Economic Growth Rate
The economic growth of Lao PDR has been stable since the last two decades. In 2014, the
per capita GDP of Lao PDR was 1,725 USD/person with an average of 7.56% growth rate. Figure
2.1.2a presents an overview of the economic growth from 2008-2014 compared to the regional
growth.
Source: Bank of Lao PDR (Annual Economic Report 2014).
Figure 2.1.2a Economic growth rate of PDR from 2008-2014
2.1.2b Economic Sectors
Agriculture
Based on the latest agricultural census carried out by the MAF in 2012, there were
approximately 783,000 households engaged in agricultural sector mostly in the rural areas. In 2012,
the output from agricultural sector contributed 26.90 percent to national economy, which slightly
increased by 3.27 percent compared to 2011 [Bank of the Lao PDR, 2012]. With approximately 69%
of households living in the rural areas, the economy of Lao PDR is still predominantly agricultural
[Department of Planning, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF), 2012]. The main agricultural
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Economic Growth Rate
Lao PDR ASEAN - 5 Developing Asia
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products are rice, maize, vegetables, coffee, peanuts, sugarcane, soybean, tobacco. The plantation of
rice and maize has been expanding considerably since 2005. Other cash crops such as coffee and
rubber also have increasing production in the recent years (Figure 2.1.2b).
0.1 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0
10
5.6
29.2
0.6
10.9
17.9
10.67.7
3.10.1
3.21.3 0.1
4.73.1 2.4
0.8 0.1 0.1 0.3
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1000 Ha
Coffee Rubber
Source: MAF, 2012
Figure 1.1.2b. Permanent coffee and rubber plantation areas (hectares) by province in
2010/11
Industry
The main industries of Lao PDR are mining (mainly gold, copper, and coal), light processing
industries, hydro and water, and construction. Industry has contributed an average of 30% to the
country’s GDP (Table2.1.2a)
Table 2.1.2a. Contribution of industry to GDP (in percentage) from 2009-2014
Industry 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
Mining 9 11 10 6 6
Light processing industries 10 10 10 10 10
Hydropower and water 4 4 4 5 5
Construction 5 6 7 7 7
Total Industry 28 31 31 28 28 Source: Annual Economic Report 2014
Services
The services sector, comprising of trade, public services and transportation services, has
maintained its contribution to the national economy at an average range of 35 to 37 percent since the
beginning of 2000s. In the fiscal year of 2013-2014, the services sector contributed 39 percent of the
GDP. Since 2007, trade had contributed approximately 19 percent, the public services sector
approximately 7 percent and the transportation sector at approximately 5 percent to the GDP (Bank
of Lao PDR (2014 Annual Report).
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Tourism
Lao PDR, which has closed its doors to the outside world for decades since its establishment
in 1975, is not known to many tourists. Being located in the heart of the South East Asia peninsula,
the Lao PDR has naturally become a passage way for tourists traveling to this region. The relatively
undisturbed natural environment and the less known culture and history make the country
increasingly attractive to tourists in the region. The increasing income from the tourism prompted
the government to adopt policies and programs to develop this industry.
2.1.3. ENVIRONMENTAL PROFILE
Table 2.1.3a presents an overview of the status and management of the different components
of the environment of Lao PDR.
Table 2.1.3a Present status of the environment and environmental management in Lao PDR Environment Component Present Status Forest Reduced forest cover from 70% in 1940’s to 40% in 2010 due to
deforestation (from expansion of agriculture, mining, logging,
hydropower and urbanization)
Biodiversity Rich in biodiversity (small population with a diverse ethnic groups, a
multiple ecosystems, a low rate of natural resources exploitation)
Some recorded animal, plant and fish species are classified as
endangered.
Protected areas and awareness programs on environment and wildlife
protection were established by the government to conserve local
biodiversity.
Air Quality Limited and irregular monitoring of ambient air quality
Concern on indoor air quality on use of firewood and charcoal for
cooking and heating in poor households
National Ambient Environment Quality Standards Regulation was
approved in 2010
Water Abundance of fresh water (annual fresh water supply of approximately
270 billion cubic meters)
Concerns on :
incompatible legal and institutional capacity in water resources
management against rapid economic development and
population growth and urbanization
improvement of clean water supply systems particularly in the
high populated urban areas
ground water contamination with waste, fertilizers and
chemicals
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Waste generation and disposal
Poor waste management system is an increasing threat to the quality of
surface and ground water and contamination of soil:
most common waste disposal methods are landfills and
dumpsites
limited recycling activities of plastics, glass, iron and electronic
and electric wastes; concern on pollution from recycling with
simple technologies
unrecyclable hazardous and toxic wastes disposed of with
municipal waste then finally piled up in landfill
available incineration facilities only in big cities such as
Vientiane Capital for incinerating medical wastes (2,705 tonnes
from 5 hospitals in 2013) Source : Environment Outlook published by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment with assistance from the United
Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in 2012 and other public reports.
.
2.2. EXISTING LEGISLATIONS AND REGULATIONS ADDRESSING POPs
The Environmental Protection Law promulgated in 1999 is the key legislation guiding the
main policy for environmental protection. This law identifies the basic principles of environmental
protection, components for environment protection, and different levels of environment management
and monitoring units (EMMU). Under this law, there are four levels of EMMU namely: the Central
EMMU (Ministry of Environment), Sectoral EMMU (in every other Ministries), Provincial EMMU
(a department of Natural Resources and Environment in each province) and district EMMU (an
Office of the Natural Resources and Environment in each district)
Several cross-sectional legislations, decrees and guidelines were issued by the government of
Lao PDR that provide legal basis for all sectors that implement environmental management for the
purposes of environmental protection and sustainability of natural resources. These legislations
(Appendix 1) address air protection, energy regulations, forest and land use, agriculture, mining,
water resources management, wildlife and fisheries conservation.
Lao PDR has not instituted any legislation or regulation that addresses POPs specifically.
Since POPs are chemicals, the management and monitoring of POPs follow the scheme of chemicals
management under the Environmental Protection Law of 1999.
All necessary chemical materials for product manufacturing and formulation in Lao PDR are
imported. The management of importation and use of chemicals in Lao PDR is decentralized among
the following key ministries which have the authority to implement legal measures to manage the
various aspects of chemicals and hazardous substances, such as manufacture, trade, storage,
transportation, use and disposal:
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) for pesticide related chemicals
Ministry of Health for DDT and a number of industry chemicals (mainly related to food
and beverage, and medicine production)
Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Industry and Commerce for firefighting
foams and chemical powders
Diverse classes of chemicals, such as industrial and consumer chemicals not within the
management of specific ministries are left without regulatory measures.
The absence of coordination among the various institutions is a major factor hindering the
implementation and enforcement of almost all the legal measures on the management of chemicals
and hazardous substances.
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2.3. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES GOVERNMENTAL INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED
IN POPs MANAGEMENT
The responsibility for the management of POPs is distributed to the Ministries and Institutions
listed in Table 2.3.
Table 2.3 Government institutions involved in POPs management Ministry/ Agency Responsibility for POPs Management Ministry of Natural resources and Environment (MoNRE) formerly the Water Resources and
Environment Administration (WREA)
Overall coordination monitoring and assessment of
the execution of the National Implementation Plan.
Facilitation of the development of project proposals
for fund raising for sound management of POPs and
communication with donor agencies assisting in NIP
implementation.
Acts as the central point for information exchange
and national chemical database management.
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) Importation, manufacture, and usage of pesticides
Administration of the “Regulation on Management
and Usage of Pesticides in Lao PDR” (Law No.
0886/MAF, dated 10 March 2000 and amended in
2010).
Ministry of Industry and Commerce (MIC) Estimation of the inventory of dioxins and furans in
industries
Implementation of BAT/BEP for reduction of dioxins
and furans in industrial developments.
Ministry of Energy and Mines Responsibility on PCBs management in
transformer
Ministry of Public Health Environment health issues related to POPs
Ministry of Defense Monitoring Dioxin/Furans from Agent Orange
contamination
Ministry of Planning and Investment • Oversees all international cooperation and
monitoring investment and international inflow
funding status
Ministry of Foreign Affairs • Oversees all international cooperation and related
protocols
Ministry of Finance Information on importation data on consumer,
industrial goods
Ministry of Information, Culture and Tourism Awareness building
Ministry of National Science and Technology
(MNST) Initial inventory of the polychlorinated dibenzo-ρ-
dioxins (dioxins) and the polychlorinated
dibenzofurans (furans) in May 2005 by the then
Environment Research Institute
National Chamber of Industry and Trade Encouraging the private sectors to apply the
BAT/BEP,
Pollution Control Department National POPs Focal Point and Coordinator will
provide all reports to the Secretariat of the
Stockholm Convention
Ministry of Public Security Environmental Inspection
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22..44.. PPOOPPss FFOORREEIIGGNN AASSSSIISSTTEEDD PPRROOJJEECCTTSS IINN TTHHEE LLAAOO PPDDRR
TTaabbllee 22..44..11.. LLiisstt ooff ffoorreeiiggnn aassssiisstteedd PPOOPPss pprroojjeeccttss iinn LLaaoo PPDDRR Funding Agency Name
of Project/
Implementing Agency
Date of Implementation
Objective(s) Project Activities Current Status
Planned
Activities until
the end of
Project
Assessment and
Mitigation of an Agent
Orange Dioxin and
Landmine/UXO Hot
Spot in Sekong
Province
(Green Cross
Switzerland), Zurich,
Switzerland
- To help protect the Lao
population from impacts
related to historical Agent
Orange use and from
landmines and UXO;
- To ensure use of the
environment is
sustainable, specifically
soil and water;
- Protect the health of the
population living in the
contaminated area of Dak
Laan Village, and to raise
awareness about impacts
of dioxins and
UXO/landmines; and
- To develop a plan to clean
up the dioxin hotspot at
Javan Airbase in Dak Laan
Village.
- Examine U.S government
historical wartime
herbicide spray records
and bombing/UXO record
(UXO Lao);
- Gather historical and
present day information
from Lao government and
military sources through
survey and interviews at
the national level;
- Gather historical and
present day information
from the resident
population in Dak Laan
village, both formal field
questionnaire surveys and
anecdotal information will
be collected in a
conversational
atmosphere with local
residents.
- Inspect selected sites of
potential dioxin
contaminate hotspots and
nearby villages to
determine whether or not
a potential requires
scientific investigation;
- Develop awareness
raising materials to help
protect human health in
Dak Laan and other
communities in the
vicinity of Javan Airbase;
- Develop a mitigation
program for future clean-
up of dioxin.
Completed
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Regional Capacity
Building Program for
Health Risk
Management of POPs
(WB-GEF)
- Prioritize among POPs
issues;
- Manage chemicals beyond
POPs, and
- Harness regional
cooperation for managing
POPs, as well as other
chemical contaminants
- Health risk assessment
and management of
environmental
contamination;
- POPs hot sports and
vulnerability GIS-data
needs and application of
GIS in risk assessment
and management;
- Methodology, approach,
and design of the web
based POPs Toolkit and
collaborative management
tools;
- Field sampling and
laboratory analysis at hot
spots;
- Methodology and
approach to economic
valuation of health risk;
- Case study on the human
health risk assessment
from Agent Orange dioxin
contamination at Da
Nang, Viet Nam; and
Completed
Capacity Strengthening
and Information
Exchange on PCBs
Management in
Selected Asia Countries
(GEF Trust Fund)
- To strengthen national
institutional capacity on
PCBs management;
- To facilitate the
information exchange and
experiences sharing on
PCBs elimination and
management at regional
level.
Specific objectives:
- To organize the national
expert meetings on status
evaluation and national
strategy of PCBs
management and
elimination.
- To develop the regional
strategy on PCBs
management and
elimination from desk
study on regional
information and case
study.
- To hold a regional
workshop on exchange
information and
experience sharing on
PCBs.
- To develop the national
PCBs management
policies by four
participating countries
through comprehensive
analysis on the status and
necessary supplementary
investigation based on
available NIPs:
Cambodia, Lao PDR,
Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
To organize a national
experts meeting, including
user, disposer of PCBs
equipment to assess
current management
situation on PCBs and
discuss national strategy
on PCBs elimination in
each of the four
participating countries.
- To collect and share
regional information
related to PCBs through
legal framework research,
identification of the
technology options and
organizing a regional
workshop, and develop a
Completed
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- To develop a regional
exchange platform on
PCBs at the website of
BCRC China.
regional strategy on PCBs
elimination and
management through desk
study and case study.
- To develop regional
information exchange
platform on PCBs through
the website of BCRC
China in English and
other four languages of
the participating countries,
so as to develop a
sustainable information
exchange mechanism on
PCBs.
UNIDO-GEF
National inventories of
POPs for upgrading of
the NIP
- Prepare, endorse and
submit the updated and
reviewed NIP, including
inventory, ,prioritization
and action plans to the
Stockholm Convention
Secretariat;
- Allow the country to
fulfill its obligation under
Article 7 of the SC and
reporting requirements of
the Convention;
- Participating stakeholders
to manage the additional
POPs with newly
developed technical skills,
expertise and awareness;
and
- gain stakeholders’
endorsement of the NIP
including strategies and
actions required by
Nigeria, in meeting her
obligations under the
convention
- Component 1 –
Coordination mechanism
and awareness raising;
- Component 2 –
Inventories of new POPs
and NIP review
- Component 3 – National
capacities assessment and
priority setting for
management of new
POPs
- Component 4 – NIP
formulation, endorsement
and submissions
Preparing to
submit to the
SC
Follow up
project
priorities
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22..55.. AASSSSEESSSSMMEENNTT OOFF TTHHEE PPOOPPSS IISSSSUUEE IINN LLAAOO PPDDRR
This section provides information on the present status and progress of compliance of the
country to its obligation to the SC.
2.5.1. PRESENT STATUS (2015) OF THE NINE INITIAL PESTICIDES
a. Regulatory Enforcement
Pesticides are regulated according to the Regulation on Management and Usage of
Pesticides in Lao PDR (Law No. 0886/MAF, dated 10 March 2000). The Regulation on
Management.
Amendment in 2010 Page 29 Usage of Pesticides clearly states which pesticides are
permitted to be imported and used, and it also clearly states which pesticides are
prohibited. The Pesticide Registration Unit under the DOA is mainly responsible for
reviewing and verifying all the registration applications, as well as editing and approving
labels of pesticide, and other related tasks. A pesticide registration certificate is valid for
two years. The actual pesticide distribution activities are managed by the Provincial
Agriculture and Forestry Office (PAFO). Any importers of pesticides and agricultural
products should obtain import licenses from the PAFO. The District Agriculture and
Forestry Office (DAFO) is in charge of implementing the regulations at the district level,
which means that all local retail shops selling pesticides should be operating under the
supervision of the DAFO.
b. Initial survey of banned pesticides
The initial survey of banned pesticides in retail shops and one farm was done in selected
ten provinces that are most likely to have boarders with neighboring countries. The
survey did not find any of the initial nine POP pesticides that are listed in the Stockholm
Convention but found the banned pesticides Paraquat Dichloride (herbicide), Methomyl
(insecticide) and Chlorobenzilate (rodenticide) that are listed in the Rotterdam
Convention.
c. Stockpile and Contaminated Sites
The inventory on DDT stockpile was not conducted. According to information from the
Ministry of Health, there was no importation in recent years; and for this reason, no
inventory of DDT was done.
Hatxayfong District Agriculture and Forestry Office (HDAFO) currently keeps the
obsolete pesticides liquid dichlorvosor 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (DDV.P)
packed in 20 containers with each container containing 20 liters of the liquid pesticides
and MIPC 50 WP (Hexamicin, Mipcin) in 16 bags of 1 kg of the pesticides in powder
form. These pesticides were provided by the government of Russia long time ago. The
HDAFO is looking for support and technical assistance from the MAF to properly
dispose those pesticides.
In this preliminary survey, no assessment of POPs pesticide contaminated sites has been
conducted due to limited human and financial resources, as well as due to lack of proper
training.
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d. Importation
Information from the Ministry of Health indicated that Lao PDR did not import DDT at
all in the recent years.
Information on the importation of the other eight POPs pesticides could not be obtained
from available data.
e. Use
Historical use of DDT: DDT had been used for malaria elimination since 1953. DDT
was used in spraying programs for malaria control conducted in 1957- 1960, in 1969-
1973, and in 1977. The use of DDT for malaria control had been officially forbidden
since 1990.
DDT and chlordane are still being illegally used.
2.5.2. PRESENT STATUS (2015) OF PCBS
a. Regulatory Enforcement
Lao PDR does not have a specific law/regulation for management of PCBs in
equipment and wastes.
b. Inventory of PCB
The preliminary survey of PCBs was limited to collecting data on the number of
electric transformers in use and out of use and their date of manufacture in each
regional Electricity du Laos (EDL) branch in seventeen provinces in the country. The
limitation to this survey includes the unavailability of information on the actual
quantity of dielectric oil in the transformers, such that an estimate of the quantity of
dielectric oil with PCBs or contaminated with PCBs could not be done. Table 2.5.2
shows the result of the preliminary survey of electric transformers.
Table 2.5.2. Total number of in use electric transformers in Lao PDR
c. Use
An estimated 256 potentially PCB-containing transformers are still in service.
Recycling and export of transformers potentially contaminated with PCBs are still
practiced by private venders.
Discarded dielectric oil from transformers are still used as secondary fuel by
households and small companies.
Region Total number of in-use
transformers found
Number of in use transformers
produced before 1990 Southern provinces 7254 143
Northern provinces 3175 54
Vientiane capital 2341 59
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d. Stockpile and Contaminated Sites
In Lao PDR, the possible biggest stockpile of PCB contaminated transformers is
located at the Transformer Maintenance Station of the Transformer Maintenance
Sector of EDL located in Phontong Commune of Vientiane Capital City. This station
is the only transformer maintenance station in the country where all defective
transformers are sent for repair and maintenance. Most of the defective transformers,
including those produced before 1990, are stocked at the Maintenance Station. PCB
oil or PCB contaminated dielectric fluid emptied from retro filling of transformers is
also stored in this station. From 2010 to 2014, there were 482 units of transformers
sent to the station for maintenance, and 206 units are waiting for disposal. Out of the
35 fixed and returned transformers, 8 units are produced between the years from 1975-
1989. As of 2014, the Maintenance Station keeps a stock of 6 barrels (45 gallons) of
dielectric oil emptied from both old and new transformers.
Once the oil stock exceeds the stocking capacity of the warehouse at the Station, some
of the stocked oil is refilled into transformers that are waiting for disposal. The
transformers with the old oil are sold to the recycling companies. With this practice,
both the disposed transformer and old oil are transferred to the recycling companies.
The disposed transformer and capacitors are usually sold to small recycling companies
managed by individuals at Donnoun commune of Vientiane Capital. At the company
premises, the contained oil is drained and sold to local residents and small factories as
secondary fuel. The transformers were deconstructed at the recycling facility before
they are exported to Vietnam for recovery of metals. The recycling premises are
potential major contaminated sites as the PCBs oils or PCBs contaminated dielectric
fluid can spill directly to the soil during draining.
The detailed record on disposed old oil and parts are not available. For this reason, the
inventories of regional PCBs stockpiles and contaminated sites were not carried out.
2.5.3. PRESENT STATUS (2015) OF DIOXINS AND FURANS
a. Regulatory Enforcement
Lao PDR has not enacted any laws and regulations on monitoring and management of
dioxins/furans.
b. Inventory
The first inventory of emissions of dioxins/furans was carried out in 2005 using the
UNEP Toolkit. Additional source categories extracted from existing statistics sources
or estimated indirectly with relevant statistics on activities in 2005 were added to
update the 2005 inventory. The updated 2005 inventory indicated a total release of
147.1 g TEQ/a (Table 2.5.3a) compared to 102.2 g TEQ/a as estimated in the initial
inventory conducted in 2005.
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Table 2.5.3a. Summary of updated 2005 dioxins/furans inventory
Since the last dioxins and furans inventory in 2005, the number of industrial factories has
increased from 24,742 to 38,126 in 2012 (MOIC)
The updated estimation of dioxins and furans emissions in 2015 was done using the UNEP-POPs
Toolkit published in 2013 [UNEP, 2013]. Using available data on activities from each source
category in 2012 to 2014, and the prescribed emission factors in the Toolkit, the annual releases
from each main source category to air, land, water, residues and product are estimated. Through
desk study, telephone interviews, and confirmation with related government agencies, the
updated inventory of the dioxins/furans corresponding to each sub-category with available data
are presented in Table 2.5.3b.
Table 2.5.3b Inventory of Dioxins and Furans by source category
Source Category Annual Releases (g TEQ/a)
Air Water Land Product Residue Total
Waste Incineration 34.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 34.66
Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metal
Production
10.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 10.95
Heat and Power Generation 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.89
Production of Mineral Products 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.83
Transportation 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.31
Open Burning Processes 40.6 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 42.89
Production of Chemicals and Consumer
Goods
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.50
Miscellaneous 27.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27.32
Disposal 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 24.5 24.74
Identification of Potential Hot-Spots - - - - - -
Total 118.7 0.2 2.3 0.5 25.4 147.1
Main Source
Category Sub Category
Estimated Annual Release
(g TEQ/a)
Air Water Land Product Residue
Fly
ash
Bottom ash
Waste Incineration Medical Hospital waste
incineration 51.5 2.49 0.3
Ferrous and Non
Ferrous Metal
Production
Iron and steel production 0.40 0.43
Copper production 152.2 0.20 119.8
Zinc production 0.23 0.002
Power generation and
heating Fossil fuel power plant 0.48 0.67
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Table 2.5.3c summarizes the dioxins/furans emission to the environmental media in the 2015
inventory. All source categories emitted most dioxins/furans to the air at a total of 339.8 g
TEQ/a. The next highest release of dioxins and furans is in residues at 152.0 g TEQ/a. The
release in land, product and water are much smaller compared to the release in air and residues.
The total accounted dioxins/furans emissions of all source categories is 495.8 g TEQ/a.
Table 2.5.3c. National inventory of Dioxins and Furans in 2015
Household heating and
cooking 2.67
Mineral industrial Cement kilns 0.12
Lime production 37.78
Brick production 0.05 0.01
Transport 4-stroke engines 0.004
2-stroke engines 0.74
Diesel engines 0.07
Uncontrolled
combustion process Biomass burning 11.14 1.67
Waste burning and
accidental fires 35.06 0.88
Production and use of
chemicals and
consumer goods
Leather plants 0.92
Miscellaneous Crematoria 4.7
Tobacco smoking 0.003 0.0003
. Disposal Landfills, waste dumps and
landfill mining 0.284 28.38
Source Category Annual Releases (g TEQ/a) of Dioxins and Furans
Air Water Land Product Residue Total
Waste Incineration 51.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.7 54.3
Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metal
Production 152.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 120.3 273.2
Heat and Power Generation 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 3.8
Production of Mineral Products 37.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38.0
Transportation 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8
Open Burning Processes 46.2 0.0 2.5 0.0 0.0 48.7
Production of Chemicals and
Consumer Goods 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.9
Miscellaneous 47.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 47.4
Disposal 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 28.4 28.7
Total 339.8 0.5 2.5 0.9 152.0 495.8
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Figure 2.5.3a displays the contribution of the source categories to the total emission in the 2015
inventory. The major emission sources are ferrous and non-ferrous metal production (55%),
waste incineration (11%) and open burning processes (10%). The miscellaneous sources (mainly
represented by crematoria), production of mineral products and disposal each contributed less
than 10% of the total emissions. Heat and power generation, transport and production of
chemical and consumer goods have relatively very small contributions to the total amount of
emissions.
Figure 2.5.3a. The distribution of the contribution of source categories to the total
emissions of dioxins and furan in the 2015 national inventory.
Figure 2.5.3b shows that the total emissions in the 2015 inventory (495.8 g TEQ/a) is
approximately three times higher than the total emissions in the 2005 inventory (147.1 g TEQ/a).
This increase is largely attributed to the significant increase in activities in ferrous and non-
ferrous metal production, production of mineral products and in power generation within the last
decade.
Waste Incineration 11%
Ferrous and Non-Ferrous
Metal Production
55%
Heat and Power Generation
1%
Production of Mineral Products
8% Transportation 0%
Open Burning Processes
10%
Production of Chemicals and
Consumer Goods 0%
Miscellaneous 9%
Disposal 6%
Other 15%
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Figure 2.5.3b. Comparison of dioxin/furan inventories in 2005 and 2015
c. Contaminated sites
Hotspots possibly exist in Central and Southern Lao P.D.R. from historical Agent
Orange applications. Approximately 2,000,000 liters of herbicides, with the vast
majority being Agent Orange, were applied over 163,000 acres of Laotian territory
during the American War (Lao PDR NIP 2010; Stellmann et al. 2003).The dioxins
contained in the herbicides were probably the largest amount which have been
releases in Lao PDR in history. Possible impacted areas are in Sekong, Saravane
and Savannakhet Provinces. The contamination in Dark Lan and Dark Pork districts
in Sekong province was confirmed with analysis showing 110pg-CALUX TEQ/g
and 88pg-CALUX TEQ/g, respectively in a biological monitoring study in 2007.
The 2013 inventory of dioxins and furans indicated that the major sources of
emissions are the metal industries, incinerators or disposal of solid residues.
Important sources of emissions are also from combustion of solid waste, and burning
for agricultural cultivation and for power generation. The core centers of industrial
activities could (Vientiane, Savannakhet, and Champasack) be potential areas of
contamination from industrial emissions.
Textile and leather industries partly used/use potentially contaminated dioxin
chemicals such as chloranil and pentachlorophenol. All textile factories and leather
tanneries have no waste management system and dispose their waste water and the
sludge around their installations. These areas could be considered as POPs
potentially contaminated sites.
d. BAT/BEP activities
There are no BAT/BEP activities that have been done to manage the unintentional
release of POPs.
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
Air Water Land Product Residue Sectoral total
118.7
0.2 2.3 0.5 25.4
147.1
339.8
0.5 2.5 0.9
152.0
495.8
TEQ
/a
Total accounted emissions in 2005 Total accounted emissions in 2015
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e. Environmental Monitoring
In 2007, WREA with the financial support from the Japanese Trust Fund through
the World Bank implemented the Project “Biological Monitoring of POPs in South
East ASIA Task2: Dioxin and PCBs Monitoring in Lao PDR by World Bank”. 19
Agent Orange hotspots were surveyed in Vientiane, Sekong, Attapeu and Saravane
provinces. Soil, sediment and fish samples were collected at 12 different sites
(N=21 samples collected). Hands-on training was provided to WERI/WREA and
Ministry of Defense (Department of Chemical) to field team members on
procedures for collection of AOD samples as well as industrial dioxin/furan
samples (WERI/WREA and the POPs Laos Team). The result of this study
confirmed the high concentrations of dioxins and furans in Dark Lan and Dark Pork
districts, Sekong province with 110pg-CALUX TEQ/g and 88 pg-CALUX TEQ/g,
respectively.
2.5.4 INITIAL ASSESSMENT OF THE FIVE NEW POPS PESTICIDES (2015)
There are five (5) new POPs pesticides namely alpha- and beta- hexachlorocyclohexane,
(HCH), gamma HCH (lindane), chlordecone, and endosulfan that are listed by the Stockholm
Convention. The alpha- and beta-HCH isomers are by-products of the manufacture of lindane.
a. Regulation on HCH, Endosulfan and Chlordecone The Regulation on Management and Usage of Pesticides in Lao PDR (Law No.
0886/MAF, dated 10 March 2000) and its amended version apply to the newly listed
POPs pesticides.
b. Stockpile of New POPs Pesticides
The initial inventory of the New POPs pesticides is still ongoing.
c. Importation of New POPs Pesticides
The record of importation of chemicals is still being organized, such that data on
importation of pesticides is not readily available.
d. Use of Endosulfan in the Lao
Endosulfan is still being used.
2.5.5. INITIAL ASSESSMENT OF PBDEs (2015)
The brominated flame retardants (BFRs) Hexabromobiphenyl (HBB) and certain
congeners/homologues of c-PentaBDE and c-OctaBDE two commercial polybrominated diphenyl
ether mixtures including tetraBDE, pentaBDE, hexaBDE and heptaBDE (POP-PBDEs) were
added to Annex A of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in 2009,
due to their toxic properties, persistence, and bioaccumulation. They are also transported through
air, water and migratory species, across international boundaries and deposited far from their
source of release and accumulate in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
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Lao PDR neither produced nor used PBDEs in industrial production. As of 2005, Lao PDR
had not yet established high tech industry that consumes or deals with these chemicals. PBDEs are
introduced in Lao PDR through the consumption and import of PBDE containing products such as vehicles
in transport sector, electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) and related wastes (WEEE).
a. Existing Regulations relevant to PBDEs The risk of PBDEs on the environment and human health is not well known in Lao
PDR, hence, there is no law or regulation for management, monitoring, use and
disposal of PBDEs or PBDEs containing consumer products and wastes.
b. Preliminary Inventory
1. Preliminary Inventory of POP-PBDES in Electrical and Electronics Equipment (EEE)
Applying the Tier I approach in the UNEP guidance, an estimate of c-octaBDEs in the
number of CRTs present in the country based on the penetration rate was obtained.
With the estimated population in 2014 at 6,803,699, the c-octaBDEs in old TV casings
are estimated to be between 7,550 kg to 22,000 kg from the total amount of polymer
fraction of 8675 tonnes.
Through desk studies and consultations with relevant government agencies including
the Department of Custom, Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment, Tier II approach was applied to estimate the PBDEs embedded in the
imported and household stockpiles. The availability of data limited the inventory on
TV, computer, and vehicles.
With Tier II approach, more detailed estimation of PBDEs in electric/electrical
equipment (EEE) and the waste of electric/electrical equipment (WEEE) were
established. Table 2.5.5a shows the inventory of c-octaBDEs based on Tier II
approach.
Table 2.5.5a. 2013 Inventory of c-octaBDEs in household stockpiles, imported electronic
equipment and electronic wastes Articles Polymer in Articles, kg c-octaBDEs in Articles, kg Household stock (old EEE held in households) 12660 3800
Imported EEE (TV, PC/Laptop and Computer monitor ) 61631 147
WEEE (old EEEs disposed as waste) 2223000 1934
Total accounted c- octaBDE 5881
2. Preliminary Inventory of POP-PBDEs from the transport sector
The inventory of c-pentaBDEs in the transport sector was focused only on vehicles
imported in 2013, old vehicles registered to households in 2013, and those that
entered into the waste cycle. The c-pentaBDEs in the inventory is shown in Table
2.5.5b.
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Table 2.5.5b. Inventory of c-pentaBDEs in old vehicles in use, imported and disposed vehicles
in 2013 Vehicles c-pentaBDEs, kg Old vehicles based on 2013 registration 2444
Old vehicles based on 2013 importation data 65
Old vehicles disposed as waste 932
Total c-pentaBDEs 3441
c. Contaminated sites
The potential contaminated sites of PBDEs could be widely spread among the
residential areas and landfills as Lao PDR has relatively low waste collection rate
and most of municipal and industrial wastes are treated by open burning method or
piled in landfills. Urban residential areas and industrial sites where electronic
equipment and vehicles are concentrated and where recycling and disposal facilities
are located are most likely to be contaminated with PBDEs. The lack of analytical
capability could not validate the contamination of PBDEs in these locations.
2.5.6 INITIAL ASSESSMENT OF PFCs (PFOS and PFOA) (2015)
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), its salts and perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride
(PFOSF) are fully fluorinated compounds and generally known under the name of perfluorooctane
sulfonate (PFOS). They are commonly used as salts or incorporated into larger polymers.
Perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride (PFOSF) is used as an intermediate to produce different PFOS
related substances. PFOS can be formed by degradation from a large group of derivative substances
known as PFOS related substances.
a. Regulatory enforcement
There is no existing law or regulation for restriction, management and monitoring
the use and disposal of PFOS or PFOS containing consumer products and wastes.
b. Initial Inventory of PFOS
In October 2013, the Lao PDR launched the first Training for the Trainer on Nine
New POPs inventory workshop. One year later, in collaboration with the Department
of Customs (DOC), Ministry of Finance (MOF), and other potential PFOS end users
such as the Department of Firefighting and Fire Prevention (DFFP), Ministry of
Public Security, petroleum chemicals import companies and civil aviation company,
the Lao National Mekong Commission Secretariat (LNMC) initiated the preliminary
inventory of PFOS.
The information obtained from the DOC was not sufficient to identify most imported
articles that are known to contain PFOS as listed in the UNEP guidelines for
inventory of PFOS; and such articles were not included in the inventory.
The scope of this preliminary inventory using the UNEP Guideline for inventory of
PFOS in imported articles was limited to synthetic textile, fibers, carpets and leather
products. Table 2.5.6a shows the inventory of PFOS from these articles. However,
the dates of manufacture of these synthetic materials were unknown, such that the
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materials which may have been produced after 2002 when PFOS was no longer used
in these materials would no longer contain PFOS and would make the estimate
inaccurate.
Table 2.5.6a Inventory of PFOS in Synthetic Materials Synthetic Material Amount of Material, kg Estimated amount of PFOS,kg Synthetic Textiles 1,244,292 kg 37329 Synthetic Fibers 10,925,715 327,771 Carpets 3,864,050 1,159 Leather products 4,507 2 Total PFOS 366,262
c. Stockpile and contaminated sites
The potential stockpiles of PFOs in firefighting foams and aviation hydraulic fluids
were estimated based on historical information on these materials (Table 2.5.6b)
Table 2.5.6b. Inventory of Potential PFOS Stockpiles Articles Potential stockpile
Fire-fighting Foams Information from the DFFP indicated that there
were approximately 50 buckles (I buckle = 19
liter, or 950 liters in total) of suspected PFOS
based firefighting foam provided by the
Government of Japan back in 1997 or 1998. The
concentrated firefighting foams were distributed
to the provincial Division of Firefighting and Fire
Prevention. Three buckles each were distributed
to the four big cities of Vientiane Capital City,
Luangprabang, Pakse and Savannakhet and two
buckles each to 13 provinces.
The firefighting system at the Lao State Owned
Petroleum Company, installed with support from
the then USSR back to the late 1970s contain 42
containers of possibly still unused suspected
PFOS based Ansul foam (798 liters)
Aviation Hydraulic Fluid A survey at Lao Airlines Company in Wattay
Airport showed that the company’s 13 aircrafts
had used 95.6 liters of hydraulic oil suspected to
contain 0.05-0.09 kg PFOS in 2015.
A majority of the potential PFOS stockpile of firefighting foams could be held at major
provincial fire stations. In the past two decades, there had been no report of major oil- induced
fires, those old PFOS containing foams are therefore assumed not used. Other major PFOS
contaminated sites may be in the maintenance site and the open landfill of Wattay airport.
However, the unavailability of analytical capacity could not verify the presence of PFOS in these
potential contaminated sites.
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2.5.7 SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT STAUS OF POPS CHEMICALS IN LAO PDR
The present status of the POPs chemicals listed in the Convention in Lao PDR is summarized
in Table 2.5.7
Table 2.5.8 Summary of the present status (2015) of the POPs chemicals in Lao PDR
POPs listed in the Stockholm
Convention and Management
Requirements for COP
Present Status in Lao PDR
Initial 8 POPs pesticides
(for Elimination) The eight POPs pesticides had been banned since 2010.
Initial inventory in 89 pesticide retailer shops and one farm in 10
border provinces did not indicate that these POPs pesticides are
legally sold in these places.
Illegal trade of pesticides exists and it is possible that these POPs
pesticides are sold illegally.
Illegal trade of Chlordane exists.
DDT
( for Restriction) The Ministry of Health stopped using DDT in 1990.
DDT was banned in 2010.
Illegal trade of DDT exists.
Stockpile of DDT and contaminated sites are not determined.
PCBs
(for Elimination) There is no regulation addressing the use and disposal of PCB oils,
PCB contaminated oil, and electric equipment with PCB
contaminated dielectric oil.
Current disposal of PCB oil and PCB contaminated oil from
discarded transformers by recycling is environmentally unsafe and
poses a serious threat to human health and the environment.
According to an initial inventory of transformers:
i. 256 electric transformers manufactured before 1990 are still in
use all over the country
ii. 206 out of use transformers and 45 gallons of used dielectric oil
(unclassified according to PCB contamination) are waiting for
disposal at the Transformer Maintenance Station of EDL in
Phontong Commune of Vientiane Capital City.
iii. The unavailability of records of disposed dielectric oil in the
Transformer Maintenance Station and in recycling facilities
prevented the inventory of PCB oils or contaminated PCB oils in
potential contaminated sites
Financial resources and training are needed to implement a
program on the Environmentally Safe Disposal of PCBs.
Unintended production of Dioxins and
Furans
(for Reduction)
There is no regulation addressing the unintended emissions of
dioxins and furans.
Using the UNEP Toolkits for inventory of Dioxin and Furan
emissions;
i. An updated (revised) initial inventory of emissions in 2005
showed a total of 147.1 gTEQ/a.
ii. The inventory of emissions in 2013 showed a total of 495.8
gTEQ/a. Ferrous and non ferrous production, waste incineration
and open burning were the major sources of emissions.
The sites with the most contamination with dioxins and furans
were identified as Dark Lan and Dark Pork districts in Sekong
province, places that were sprayed with the herbicide Agent
Orange during the American War. Biological assay of soil
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samples from Dark Lan and Dark Pork showed 110 pg CALUX
TEQ/g and 88 pg CALUX TEQ/g respectively.
BAT/BEP activities for treatment of contaminated sites require
financial resources and training of personnel.
Newly listed POPs pesticides namely
alpha- and beta- hexachlorocyclohexane,
(HCH), gamma HCH (lindane),
chlordecone, and endosulfan (for
Elimination)
and POPs chemical
Hexabromocyclododecane
(HBD)
(for Elimination)
Newly listed POPs chemicals
Pentachlorobenzene (PeCB)
(for Reduction)
Authorities are still getting familiar with most of the newly listed
pesticides and chemicals
Initial inventories for the newly listed chemicals are not done.
Endosulfan is still being used; there is a possibility for applying
for exemption for this pesticide.
PBDEs for Elimination There is no regulation on the use, control and disposal of PBDEs.
The initial inventory of total c-octaBDEs and c-pentaBDEs using
the UNEP Guidelines for inventory of PBDEs showed the
following :
a) 7,550 kg-22,000 kg c-octaBDEs from CRTs based on penetration
rate; and 5,881 kg c-octaBDE based on imported and household
EEE stockpile and vehicles
b) 3,441 kg c-pentaBDEs from 2013 inventory of registered vehicles,
imported vehicles and disposed vehicles.
The identified potential contaminated sites are residential sites
that dispose waste by open burning, landfill and recycling
facilities in major cities.
Financial resources and training are needed to start a program on
the Environmentally Safe Disposal of PBDEs.
PFOS
( for Elimination) There is no existing law or regulation for restriction, management
and monitoring the use and disposal of PFOS or PFOS containing
consumer products and wastes
The preliminary inventory of PFOS using the UNEP Guidelines
for Inventory of PFOS and importation data was limited to
synthetic articles (textiles, fibers, carpet and leather). The total
PFOS estimated from these synthetic articles is 366261 kg PFOS.
However, the non availability of the dates of manufacture of
these materials could give an inaccurate inventory.
The preliminary inventory of stockpile of PFOS showed that
there are stockpiles of firefighting foams and aviation hydraulic
fluids.
a) About 950 liters of concentrated firefighting foam
donated by the government of Japan in 1997-98 were
distributed to the firefighting divisions of four major cities
and 13 provinces in the country. About 798 liters of Ansul
firefighting foam was installed in the Lao State Owned
Petroleum Company and believed to be unused up to the
present.
b) About 95.6 liters of hydraulic oil suspected to contain
0.05-0.09 kg PFOS had been used at the Lao Airlines
Company in Wattay airport in the 1970’s. The potential
contaminated sites are the fire departments of the cities
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and provinces and the maintenance site and the open
landfill of Wattay airport.
Financial resources and training are needed to start a program on
the Environmentally Safe Disposal of PFOS.
2.5.8. EXISTING PROGRAMS FOR MONITORING OF POP RELEASES AND
ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN HEALTH IMPACT
There is no monitoring program focused specifically on POPs in Laos. Despite this, POPs
have been monitored in key elements of the environment and living organisms including humans, as
well as in foodstuff, but in a non-continuous and sustained manner.
The main problems in the area of monitoring are: (i) lack of resources (financial and
qualified staff); (ii) POPs issue is new to even concerned government institutions, therefore,
awareness related to this matter is very limited; and (iii) the insufficient communication between the
institutions that execute various monitoring programs.
To achieve higher effectiveness in monitoring POPs in different matrices, the following
problem areas will have to be addressed:
Focus of POPs monitoring on potential sources
Coordination of POPs measurement in individual monitoring programs and their
measurement methodologies
Coordination of presentation of the measurement results
Insufficient data base about the occurrence of PCDD/PCDF in all monitoring
matrices
Insufficient data on POPs occurrence in the air
Limited capacity of relevant staff which remains a big challenge to the
management and monitoring framework.
2.5.9. CURRENT LEVEL OF INFORMATION, AWARENESS, AND EDUCATION AMONG
TARGET GROUPS
There is no system of inter-sectorial exchange of information or policies within the country
and efforts towards legalizing the exchange of information have yet to start. Lao PDR has not yet
built a national data base to incorporate national and international data bases on chemicals including
POPs. Different types of data concerning chemicals are kept within different departments and
access to some data is possible only with official written request.
It is possible that international organizations such as FAO and UNDP who supported the Lao
PDR to conduct previous chemical inventory including pesticides and POPs chemicals have
relatively a more comprehensive data base. The findings of many of the research efforts were
published in local reports, thesis, proceedings of local meetings and seminars, therefore they are of
limited access to analyzers, policy makers or international community.
Lao PDR has conducted several awareness raising workshops on UPOPs targeting all
stakeholders in various states. Also the government has organized conferences on pesticide hazards.
There is still a low level of awareness among the public on the hazards of POPs; the government is
committed to conduct more public awareness programs on the hazards of pesticides and other
POPs.
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CHAPTER 3. GOALS AND ACTION PLANS
This chapter contains the review of the implementation of goals and action plans in the NIP
2010 and the presentation of the goals and action plans in the updated NIP of 2015.It also presents
proposals to generate financial resources to implement the updated NIP.
3.1 REVIEW OF ACTION PLANS OF NIP 2010
In the NIP 2010, the detailed action plans related to the management and safe disposal of the
initial 12 POPs set under the Convention were identified. In addition, action plans for the effective
coordination of administrative, technical and communication activities deemed necessary for a
successful implementation of the NIP were also included. The detailed action plans in the first NIP
are divided into four main sections as follow:
• Section 1 on POPs pesticides,
• Section 2 on PCBs,
• Section 3 on unintentionally produced POPs, and
• Section 4 on the management of the NIP implementation.
In this review, the first two columns in Tables 3.1a, 3.1b, 3.1c and 3.1d show the goals, the objectives
and action plans for each identified section as presented in the NIP 2010. The third column in the tables
indicates the assessment of the implementation for the action plans. The review of the action plans are as
follows:
• Review of action plans addressing the initial POPs pesticides (Table 3.1a)
• Review of action plans addressing PCBs (Table 3.1b)
• Review of action plans addressing Dioxins and Furans (Table 3.1c)
• Review of action plans addressing the management of the NIP implementation
(Table 3.1d)
Table 3.1a. Review of action plans for the initial POPs pesticides (Aldrin, Chlordane, Dieldrin,
DDT, Endrin, Heptachlor, Hexachlorobenzene, Toxaphene and Mirex) in the NIP 2010
INITIAL PESTICIDES
Goal : Eliminate the import and use of POPs pesticides
Overall Objectives: Effectively implement law enforcement related to POPs pesticides
Objective 1: Amendment of existing legal instruments and strengthening effective pesticides
(including POPs) law enforcement. Action Plan Activities Assessment of the
Implementation
1-1 Amendment of existing legal
instruments and
strengthening effective pesticides
(including POPs) law
enforcement
1-1-1 Formulate legal team and review
existing regulations on agricultural pesticides
management
1-1- 2 Amend existing legislation and/or
develop new legal instruments for pesticides
(including POPs) management
1-1-3 Develop rules and regulations for
implementing the pesticides management
legislation
1-1-4Develop technical guidelines on
In 2010, the list of banned
pesticides was added as an
amendment to the
Regulations on Pesticides of
2000. All POPs pesticides in
the initial list in the
Convention including DDT
are banned.
The amendment also clarified
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32
pesticides (including POPs) monitoring and
inspection. the responsibilities for
implementation of the
registration, licensing of
retailers and distribution of
the pesticides in different
administration sectors.
Objective 2 Strengthen institutional capacity and raise public awareness on
obsolete pesticides including POPs pesticides.
. Action Plan Activities Assessment of the
Implementation
2-1 Strengthen capacity of
relevant institutions
in prevention of the import,
trafficking and
use of illegal pesticides.
2-1-1Formulate and build national TOT
capacity.
2-1-2 Develop training material on the
prevention of illegal import, trafficking and
use of illegal pesticides, including POPs and
other obsolete pesticides
2-1-3 Organize and conduct training
programs for officers, traders/sellers and
other relevant stakeholders.
2-1-4 Widely disseminate the contents of legal
instruments on pesticides management to the
officers, traders/sellers and stakeholders.
Several capacity trainings on
pesticides inventory were
conducted by the MFA though
assistance of several
international organizations
such as FAO and IUCN.
However, there is still no
concrete improvement on
illegal pesticide trade related
measures.
2.2 Strengthen capacity on
pesticides analysis
focusing on POPs..
2-2-1 Improve capacity of laboratory staff on
pesticides analysis, with focus on POPs
pesticides.
2-2-2 Upgrade laboratory facilities for
pesticides analysis, with focus on POPs
pesticides.
The MAF has basic lab facility
under the management of the
Department of Agriculture.
However, the staff capacity
and the lab facility are not
sufficient for implementing
complicated pesticide analysis
including POPs. 2.3 Raise public awareness on
pesticides issues
including POPs and other
obsolete
pesticides
2-3-1Formulate and undertake dissemination
campaigns on pesticides hazards and
elimination of obsolete pesticides and POPs.
2-3-2 Provide information to relevant target
groups on alternative pesticides instead of
POPs and obsolete pesticides
2-3-3 Encourage alternatives pest control
measures to reduce the use of pesticides.
2-3-4 Improve extension worker’s capacity
and expand their activities on pesticides
including obsolete pesticides and POPs
issues.
Some conferences were
organized nationwide on
pesticides hazards.
In 2011, the MAF has issued
a Decision of the Minister on
Good Agriculture Practices
(GAP) for Environmental
Management Standard No.
0538/MAF stipulating the
regulation on use of reliable
and licensed pesticides. In
recent year, there is a booming
on GAP and GAP products
meaning that 2-3-3 has been
introduced to some farmer
groups. However, the project
team is not aware of any
detailed trainings, information
on substituting the use of
POPs and obsolete pesticides
had been conducted.
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2-4 Raise awareness of policy
and decision makers on pesticides issues
including
obsolete pesticides and POPs
pesticides
2-4-1 Organize forums/workshops for policy
and decision makers.
2-4-2 Provide information on pesticides risk
and hazard related issues including obsolete
pesticides and POPs to policy and decision
makers.
Act9ivity 2-4-1 is not yet
implemented while 2-4-2 can
be expected after the NIP is
finalized and disseminated
among the relevant
government agencies.
Objective 3: Undertake ecologically sound management measures related to obsolete pesticides including
POPs pesticides.
Action Plan Activities Assessment of the
Implementation
3-1 Conduct comprehensive
inventory on
obsolete pesticides including
POPs
pesticides.
3-1-1Form obsolete (including POPs)
pesticide inventory team.
3-1-2 Organize inventory training of the team
and develop inventory forms, guidelines and
plan execution of the inventory.
3-1-3 Undertake comprehensive inventory
survey covering the whole country.
3-1-4 Design standard obsolete pesticides
and POPspesticides database format and
reporting.
3-1-5 Training of technical staff on data entry.
3-1-6 Set-up database management system
with facilities and data entry.
3-1-7Develop database document on obsolete
pesticides including POPs and publicizing
Partial inventory of obsolete
pesticides was done. No POPs
pesticide was found in the
inventory.
To conduct the survey of
obsolete pesticides, a survey
team was established. The
survey team was led by six
officers from the DOA and
other 31 officers from the
PAFO of each province. All
the officers from the team
have received training on
pesticide inspection organized
by the FAO. Ten target
provinces were selected for
their involvement in pesticide
imports, sales, and due to their
large amount of pesticide use.
3-1-3 to 3-1-7 activities not
yet implemented.
3 -2 Undertake monitoring
process on the
trafficking of illegal pesticides
including
POPs pesticides.
3-2-1 Develop plan for monitoring on import,
domestic trafficking and trade of illegal
pesticides.
3-2-2Undertake regular monitoring and
inspection focusing on the presence of illegal
pesticides.
3-2-3Undertake administrative measures (like
confiscation of illegal products and storage in
Government owned storage sites) for any
illegal action related to illegal pesticides
Illegal use of DDT and
chlordecone was reported .
Action Plan is not yet
implemented. There is no
guidance on implementing the
monitoring and inspection of
illegal pesticides trades.
Furthermore, there is no
concrete regulation and
enforcement of illegal product
confiscations in place.
3-3 Prepare collection campaign
for temporary
storage of the obsolete pesticides
including
POPs pesticides in regional
storage depots
prior to disposal.
3-3-1Undertake an environmental impact
assessment on the collection and storage of
obsolete pesticides including POPs pesticides.
3-3-2 Prepare technical guidelines on the
environmentally sound collection,
repackaging,transportation and temporarily
storage of obsolete pesticides including POPs.
3-3-3Establish or improve safe regional
Action Plan is not yet
implemented.
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temporary storage facilities and area(s) for
keeping obsolete pesticides including POPs.
Objective 4: Eliminate stockpile of obsolete pesticides, including POPs pesticides
Action Plan Activities Assessment of the
Implementation
4.1 Design and execute a national
wide Project
for the disposal of all obsolete
pesticides
(including POPs)
4-1-1 Identify and purchase the required UN
approved packaging materials.
4-1-2Organize training course for staff
involved in the project.
4-1-3Develop a plan for repackaging and
transport to regional temporarily storage
depots.
4-1-4 Repackage obsolete pesticides, clean all
stores and transport the repackaged
stockpiles (obsolete pesticides and wastes
contaminating pesticides including POPs) to
regional temporary storage depots.
4-1-5 Select contractor for the international
transport and disposal of all repackaged
stocks.
4-1-6 Export repackaged obsolete pesticides
stockpile for safe disposal outside the
country.
Action Plan is not yet
implemented.
Table 3.1b. Review of action plans for PCBs
PCBs Goal:: Reduce risks and minimize impacts caused by PCBs with sound economical and ecological
management.
Overall Objectives: Proper economical and ecological management of PCBs and its contaminated article.
Objective 1: Develop legal instruments and technical standards for managing equipment and articles
contained and contaminated with PCBs.
Action Plan Activities Assessment of the
Implementation
1-1 Develop legal instruments
and technical
guidelines for managing PCBs
releases
1-1-1 Form legal and technical working group
including all PCBs stakeholders.
1-1-2 Study existing legal instruments and
technical guidelines related to PCBs
management.
1-1-3 Develop legal instruments and technical
guidelines and standards as necessary for
PCBs management.
1-1-4Organize workshop for comments on the
draft legal instruments before official approval.
1-1-1 is currently undergoing
through a GEF/UNIDO
funded project, while activities
1-1-2 to 1-1-4 remain
unimplemented.
Objective 2: Develop ESM of in-use electrical equipment and accessories/articles containing and/or
contaminated with PCBs.
Action Plan Activities Assessment of the
Implementation
2-1 Conduct full inventory (in
use, waiting for use, and out of
use) in order to identify
equipment and articles
containing and/or
contaminated with PCBs.
2-1-1 Form team for inventory and study on
existing inventory reports;
2-1-2 Identify support tools and equipment for
inventory, and develop plans to conduct PCBs
inventory.
2-1-3 Conduct comprehensive inventory
Initial inventory of in-use
transformers was done by
survey questionnaires. The
inventory of PCB oil or
contaminated oil in the
transformers was not done
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(including testing, classifying, labeling,
registering, etc.) of electrical equipment and
articles containing or
contaminated with PCBs.
2-1-4 Design and develop national database on
electrical equipment and articles containing or
contaminated with PCBs
Action Plans for a
comprehensive inventory and
development of national data
base are not yet implemented
2-2 Take measure to manage
the in-use of
electrical equipment and
articles containing
or contaminated with PCBs in
an
environmentally sound
manner.
2-2-1 Identify sites of electrical equipment and
articles (including workshops, stations,
substations, and pole mounted) for
prioritization of management in an
environmentally sound manner.
2-2-2Apply management in environmentally
sound manner at selected sites.
2-2-3 Take action to stop the intention for
repairing transformers contaminated with PCBs
(with high concentration >10% next step with
concentration >0.05 %).
Action Plan for management
is not yet implemented.
2-3 Develop strategy to reduce
the in-use
electrical equipment and
articles containing
or contaminated with PCBs.
2-3-1Initial assessment (current and future) of
electrical equipment and articles containing or
contaminated with PCBs.
2-3-2 Develop strategy for the reduction of
electrical equipment and articles containing or
contaminated with PCBs.
2-3-3Develop and implement demonstration
(pilot)project in PCB reduction
Initial assessment was done on
the number of in-use
transformers and the number
of potentially PCB containing
transformers based on
manufacturing date. However,
actual contamination of the
transformers with PCB oil or
PCB contaminated oil was not
determined.
2-3-2, 2-3-2 activities are not
yet implemented.
Objective 3: Set up a management tool for transformers in use until the end of life considering the socio
economic aspects (keep in use or phase out)
Action Plan Activities Assessment of the
Implementation
3-1 Pilot risk assessment 3-1-1 Form a working group of different
stakeholders.
3-1-2 Prepare plan of pilot risk assessment
project(selection of a representative population
sample: 100 units).
3-1-3 Conduct site assessment.
3-1-4 Identify issues of risk assessment.
3-1-5Organize and conduct the conclusion
workshop with stakeholders (legal issues,
technical issues, financial issues)
Action Plan is not yet
implemented
3-2 Complete assessment 3-2-1 Form a working group with the
participation of different stakeholders
3-2-2 Develop plan of complete risk assessment
3-2-3 Conduct complete site assessment
3-2-4 Identify issues of complete risk assessment
3-2-5Organize and conduct the national
conclusion workshop with stakeholders (legal
issues,technical issues, financial issues)
Action Plan is not yet
implemented
3-3 Make measures to prevent
PCBs infiltration
3-1 Develop regular monitoring program to
identify electrical equipment required to offer
Action Plan is not yet
implemented
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and releases from electrical
equipment
preventive facility of PCBs infiltration and
release.
3-3-2 Repair or offer preventive facility of PCBs
infiltration and release in environmentally sound
manner
Objective 4: ESM of out-of-use of equipment, articles and wastes containing and/or contaminated with PCBs
(Handling, transportation, dismantling, pretreatment,storage, final disposal)
Action Plan Activities Assessment of the
Implementation
4-1Take measure to manage
the out-of-use
electrical equipment, articles
and wastes
containing or contaminated
with PCBs in an
environmentally sound
manner.
4-1-1 Training for ESM of out of use electrical
equipment, articles and wastes containing or
contaminated with PCBs (handling,
transportation, storage, dismantling,
pretreatment, shipment of used PCB to the out of
country disposal facilities).
4-1-2Form working group with participation of
the stakeholders
4-1-3 Identify storage sites and facilities for
keeping out-of-use electrical equipment, articles
and wastes containing or contaminated with
PCBs in an environmentally sound manner.
4-1-4Upgrade (or new establish if require)
storage sites and installed facilities for keeping
out-of use electrical equipment, articles and
wastes containing or contaminated with PCBs in
an environmentally sound manner.
4-1-5 Take action to centralize the out-of-use of
electrical equipment, articles and wastes
containing or contaminated with PCBs in an
environmentally sound manner.
Out of use transformers for
repair and maintenance from
all districts are sent to the
Maintenance Center of EDL.
The process of disposal of
transformers in this center is
not environmentally safe.
Activities for training on
proper handling and disposal
of PCB equipment are not yet
implemented.
4-2 Develop strategy for
destroying the out-of-use
electrical equipment, articles
and wastes containing or
contaminated with PCBs in
environmentally sound
manner.
4-2-1 Undertake assessment (current and future)
of out-of-use electrical equipment, articles and
wastes containing or contaminated with PCBs
for destruction including utilization of disposal
facilities in the country; and evaluation of
disposal facilities out of the country.
4-2-2 Conduct assessment with participation of
the stakeholders for the disposal of out of use
equipment, articles containing or contaminated
with PCB.
4-2-3 Develop strategy for the destruction of the
out-of- use electrical equipment, articles and
wastes containing or contaminated with PCBs
(Handling, transportation, storage,
dismantling, pre-treatment and final disposal).
4-2-4 Organize and conduct the national
workshop for comments and approval of the draft
strategy for the destruction of the out-of-use of
electrical equipment, articles and wastes
containing or contaminated with PCBs in an
environmentally sound manner.
Action Plan is not yet
implemented.
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Objective 5: Strengthen capacity and enhance public awareness on PCBs issue
Action Plan Activities Assessment of the
Implementation
5-1 Provide and strengthen
capacity for
managing PCBs dielectric and
its
contaminated articles.
5-1-1 Develop materials on PCBs issues and
publicize.
5-1-2 Organize training on PCBs sound
management
related issues for national and provincial
levels.
Action Plan is not yet
implemented.
5-2 Provide and strengthen
laboratory capacity
in analyzing PCBs.
5-2-1 Strengthen laboratory staff’s capacity for
PCBs analysis
5-2-2 Assess existing lab facilities and analytical
capacities
5-2-3 Select appropriate PCB analytical
techniques.
5-2-4 Provide PCB analytical equipment
5-2-5 Provide information to stakeholders
5-2-6 Upgrade laboratory facilities for analyzing
PCBs
The Natural Resources and
Environment Institute of
MoNRE has a laboratory that
used to conduct PCB analysis
during the first PCBs back to
2005. However, due to lack of
financial resources and
continuous activity plans, the
analysis practice was no
longer continued since then.
Table 3.1c. Review of action plans for Dioxins and Furans
DIOXINS AND FURANS Goal: Reduce and eliminate the release of unintentionally produced POPs
Overall Objective: Proper management of the release of unintentionally produced POPs
Objective 1: Revise or develop legislation related to the sound management of unintentionally produced POPs.
Action Plan Activities Assessment of the
Implementation
1-1 Undertake law and policy
assessment
related to the management of
unintentionally produced
POPs.
1-1-1 Review existing laws and legal instruments
related to the management of unintentionally
produced POPs
1-1-2 Assess the legal instruments related to the
management of Unintentionally Produced POPs
1-1-3 Prepare assessment report on current
situation; identify the gaps, and requirements
for development of law on the management of
unintentionally produced POPs
Action Plan is not yet
implemented.
1-2 Amend existing laws, or
develop new law
1-2-1 Form legal team on the management of
unintentionally produced POPs
1-2-2 Conduct a training course on legislation for
the management of unintentionally produced
POPs
1-2-3 Organize national workshop to discuss the
current situation of laws and policies related
to the management of unintentionally
produced POPs
1-2-4 Amend the existing laws, or develop new
one, and develop a policy on the management of
unintentionally produced POPs. Disseminate,
monitor, assess and report realization of this
new regulation or policy
Action Plan is not yet
implemented.
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1-3 Develop the national
guidelines for the
sound management of
unintentionally
produced POPs (BAT / BEP)
1-3-1 Form technical team for development of the
national guidelines for the sound management
of unintentionally produced POPs
1-3-2 Identify and prioritize relevant
unintentionally produced POPs release source
categories
1-3-3 Study the available relevant guidance
documents on BAT & BEP approved by COPs
1-3-4 Develop national guidelines on the sound
management of unintentionally produced
POPs
1-3-5 Introduce, disseminate, monitor, assess and
report the implementation of the developed
national guidelines to all stakeholders
(through meetings or workshops)
Action Plan is not yet
implemented.
Objective2: Strengthen capacity and raise public awareness on unintentionally produced POPs issues and
hazards.
Action Plan Activities Assessment of the
Implementation
2-1 Strengthen and develop
the capacity to
manage problems related to
unintentionally produced
POPs
2-1-1 Form technical team and core trainer on
unintentionally produced POPs.
2-1-2 Develop training material on
unintentionally
produced POPs.
2-1-3 Provide appropriate information on
unintentionally produced POPs for decision
makers.
2-1-4 Strengthen capacity of institutional officers
and authorities, including private sector
responsible for implementation of legal
documents and guidelines relevant to sound
management of unintentionally produced
POPs.
Action Plan is not yet
implemented.
2 -2Develop public awareness
raising
program on health and
environmental
impact affected by
unintentionally
produced POPs, and
alternative uses.
2-2-1 Develop awareness raising program on
unintentionally produced POPs.
2-2-2 Develop information material for public
awareness raising on unintentionally
produced POPs.
2-2-3 Organize awareness raising campaigns on
unintentionally produced POPs through
mass media and direct actions to poor
community and vulnerable people focusing
in particular on uncontrolled burning of
wastes, household cooking in using
improper fuel and 3R principles (Reduce,
Reuse, and Recycling).
Laos has conducted several
awareness raising workshops
on UPOPs targeting all
stakeholders in various states.
Objective 3: Improve waste management practices and prevent uncontrolled burning of wastes
Action Plan Activities Assessment of the
Implementation
3-1 Improve landfill
management
3-1-1 Form technical team for landfill
assessment.
3-1-2 Conduct selected municipality and
provincial landfill assessment.
3-1-3 Develop improved landfill management
program.
Action Plan is not yet
implemented
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3-1-4 Conduct training course on landfills
management for the municipality and
provincial authorities.
3-1-5 Design and implement municipal and
provincial landfills management pilot project.
3-2 Introduce and promote
sound management
of waste including 3R
principles and waste
separation practices
3-2-1 Establish technical team for sound waste
management.
3-2-2 Study available guidance documents on
sound waste management practices set under the
UNEP-Basel and the Stockholm Conventions.
3-2-3 Elaborate waste management guidelines
suitable for Lao PDR focusing on
implementation of 3-R principles.
3-2-4 Provide country-wide training on waste
management guidelines implementation
involving local authorities
3-2-5 Design and implement pilot project on
environmentally sound waste management
Action Plan is not yet
implemented
3-3 Introduce and promote
implementation of
BAT & BEP in existing waste
incineration
plants (municipal, hospital
and industrial
wastes)
3-3-1 Establish technical team associated with the
field of the waste incineration.
3-3-2 Study existing guidelines and information
related to BAT and BEP and other guidelines
to be adopted by the COP for environmentally
sound waste incineration (refer to activity 1-3)
3-3-3 Undertake assessment of applicability of
BAT and BEP (such as CP) in existing waste
incineration plants including socio-economic
assessment, cost- benefits and/or cost
effectiveness analysis
3-3-4 Design and implement pilot project on the
applicability of BAT and BEP (starting with CP)
guidance in selected existing waste incineration
plant
3-3-5 Update the national guidelines on BAT/BEP
if necessary
3-3-7 Organize training for responsible
institutional officers and authorities and for plant
operators on BAT/BEP, including CP
Action Plan is not yet
implemented
Objective 4: Maintaining of comprehensive inventories of unintentionally produced POPs.
Action Plan Activities Assessment of the
Implementation
4.1 Undertake comprehensive
inventory on the release of
unintentionally produced
POPs.
4-1-1 Form inventory team and review existing
inventory report
4-1-2 Identify support tools and equipment for
inventory
4-1-3 Conduct unintentionally produced POPs
release inventory at national level
4-1-4 Design national unintentionally produced
POPs database
4-1-5 Disseminate final result of unintentionally
produced POPs release inventory
4-1-6 Evaluate the situation of POPs reduction
and elimination
The 2005 initial inventory
was reviewed and revised
with the availability of new
information on the additional
sources of emission.
The 2013 comprehensive
inventory of emissions was
done using the revised UNEP
Toolkit (2013) The total
emission was estimated using
the suggested sources of
emissions and emission
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40
factors.
Objective 5: Implementation of guidelines on Best Available Techniques (BAT) and Best Environmental
Practice (BEP) to prioritized sources of unintentionally produced POPs
Action Plan Activities Assessment of the
Implementation
5-2 Promote the use of
BAT/BEP in SMEs and
establishment of BAT/BEP
Fund
5-2-1 Create the national technical working
group on BAT/BEP in close collaboration with
key stakeholders: WREA, MIT, the National CP
Center, the SME Office and National
University; update the list of SMEs and select
targeted SMEs to use BAT/BEP, starting with
CP
5-2-2 Design, test, conduct, assess and improve
BAT/BEP(initiating CP) training material
related to POPs
5-2-3 Undertake cost-benefit and cost-
effectiveness analysis on BAT/BEP, including CP
related to POPs and its links with climate change
requirements in order to promote the use of
BAT/BEP, starting with CP in SMEs
5-2-4 Establish BAT/BEP Fund in assisting SMEs
on the use of BAT/BEP, including CP
5-2-5 Monitor, assess, report and improve the
performance of the established BAT/BEP
Fund
5-2-6 Monitor, assess, report and improve
performance of SMEs on the use of BAT/BEP
(including CP). Appropriate replication of
BAT/BEP related to POPs, including CP
trainings to SMEs at the national level;
Continue to assist SMEs with the economic
incentive
Action Plan is not yet
implemented
Table 3.1d. Review of action plans for management of NIP implementation Goal: Support to Successful Implementation of the NIP
Overall Objective: Develop a National Program for the management of NIP
Objective 1: Strengthening the existing mechanism for efficient and effective management of NIP
implementation.
Action Plan Activities Assessment of the
Implementation
1-1Improve mandate of the
existing national coordinating
monitoring and assessing unit
for continuing the NIP
coordination and
implementation.
1-1-1 Coordinate policy development on sound
management of chemicals including POPs and
PTS (Persistent Toxic Substance).
1-1-2 Strengthen the administration
management in
POPs project implementation
1-1-3 Public and Dissemination update NIP to
the stakeholder at the national level;
1-1-4 Promote and provide training to relevant
stakeholder including private sectors;
1-1-5 Promote the awareness and dissemination
on POP including BAT/BEP;
Action Plan is not yet
implemented
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Assist and support stakeholders in development
of project proposal for funding
1-1-6 Communicate with stakeholders for NIP
implementation
1-1-7 Communicate with donor agencies for
assisting NIP implementation
1-1-6 Undertake NIP monitoring, evaluation,
reporting, and updating
1-2 Establish and design the
National Chemical Database
including POPs for
centralization and exchanging of
information
1-2-1 Identify the scope of the National
Chemical
Database and design for harmonious integration
of information and dissemination
related to chemical management
1-2-2 Integrate the results of all three sections of
POPs action plans implementation into a
single and will be used as reference document.
1-2-3 Integrate the existing information related
to chemical management into the National
Chemical Database
1-2-4 Organize regular national workshops for
presenting and integration of NIP project
achievements into the National Chemical
Database
1-2-5Strengthen capacity of relevant chemicals
management including POPs action plan
implementers how to access the
communication system and how to share POPs
information into the system
1-2-6 Develop plan and apply chemicals data
entry including POPs information exchange
strategies and implementation of action plans
regarding the Improvement and Updating of
The National Chemical Database
1-2-7Disseminate and exchange information on
chemicals management including POPs and
PTS with the stakeholders nationally and
internationally
1-2-7Disseminate and exchange information on
chemicals management including POPs and
PTS with the stakeholders nationally and
internationally
Action Plan is not yet
implemented
1-3 Develop Hazardous
Chemicals and Substances
Management Legislation
1-3-1 Form technical working group on the
formulation of the Chemicals and hazardous
substances Management Law of Decree; Assess
existing regulation related to chemicals
and hazardous substances management
1-3-2 Design, test, conduct trainings, and assess
appropriateness of training material related to
the methodology on the formulation of
“Hazardous Chemicals and Substances
Management Decree or Law”
1-3-3 Formulate “Hazardous Chemicals and
Substances Management Decree or Law”;
Conduct consultation workshops on the
“Hazardous Chemicals and Substances
Action Plan is not yet
implemented
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Management Decree or Law Draft”
1-3-4Finalize and submit the final draft of
“Hazardous Chemicals and Substances
Management Decree or Law” for approval
1-3-5Publish and disseminate the approved
legislation at the national level. Monitor and
assess the implementation of this approved
legislation
1-4 Promote the conduct of
chemical engineering course at
targeted academic
institutions
1-4-1Form technical team on the design of
chemical engineering curriculum to be fully
delivered at
the targeted academic institutions: National
University of Laos
1-4-2 Design, test, conduct, monitors, assess,
report and improve the chemical engineering
course
1-4-3 Train trainers on chemical engineering
course delivery
1-4-4 Monitor, assess and report the efficiency
of chemical engineering course being delivered
1-4-5 Appropriate replication of chemical
engineering course at other academic
institutions as appropriate
Action Plan is not yet
implemented
3.2 THE UPDATED NIP OF 2016
3.2.1 STRATEGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NIP 2016
The review of the implementation of the NIP 2010 showed very little achievement on the
listed action plans and activities. Based on the results of the assessment of the prevailing status of
issues related to POPs, the main areas of concern that need attention for the effective implementation
of Lao PDR’s commitment to the Convention are the following:
• Institutional and regulatory framework;
o Strengthening of the capacity of relevant institutions and their coordination for
more effective management of POPs in the national level
o Improvement of legal instruments for regulation, control and environmentally safe
disposal POPs
o Improvement of the laboratory capacity for analysis of POPs
• Data and Information Network
o Strengthening the communication network among relevant institutions for a more
comprehensive inventory of POPs
o Creation of a National Data Base for POPs
• Human Resources Development
o Increasing the awareness of policy decision makers on POPs and their
management concerns such as trafficking, illegal sales and unsafe disposal
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o Strengthening of training programs for administrative and technical personnel on
inventory, identification of contaminated sites, environmentally safe disposal,
BAT/BEP for POPs
• Public Awareness, Health and Environment
o Improvement of public awareness programs on the hazards of POPs chemicals
o Improvement of the participation of the public and other nongovernmental
organizations on environmentally safe disposal of hazardous wastes and on
BAT/BEP practices to lessen unintentional release of POPs
• Development of financial resources to implement identified action plans in the NIP
The improvement of the institutional and regulatory framework, data and information
network human resources development, public awareness, health and environment and development
of financial resources to implement identified action plans addressed to chemicals other than POPs
are the same requirements to implement a more effective management of chemicals and waste
disposal in the country. An important strategy to successfully implement the action plans for POPs
is to integrate the action plans for POPs to the broader national programs on chemicals and waste
management. Such integration will minimize policy fragmentation, reduce administrative burden,
promote information exchange between relevant agencies involved in chemical management and
streamline the spending of financial resources. Such integration will also improve the general legal
and operational framework in chemical management while addressing the commitment of the
country to the Stockholm Convention.
Under this strategy, action plans for these concerns to address the management of POPs
could all be linked to the improvement of the general program of management of chemicals and
wastes. The specific action plans and activities in the NIP for identification of articles containing
POPs in use or in waste materials, for assessment and mitigation of the POPs stockpiles and
contaminated sites, for improvement of POPs information exchange and for promotion and conduct
of POPs researches can be linked to address similar issues in the management of other hazardous
chemicals in general. A list of the action plans in the updated NIP that can be integrated to the
programs on chemical management and waste disposal is attached in Appendix 1.
In addition to linking the NIP to the general program on chemical and waste management,
some action plans in the updated NIP can be linked to the LAO PDR’s Sustainable Development
Goals and Gender Development Goals. In particular, action plans and activities on awareness raising
on the hazards of POPs and other hazardous chemicals and on safe waste disposal, that include the
participation of women, will promote the use of less hazardous chemicals in agricultural production
and the practice of safe waste disposal in households and the community to sustain a more healthy
environment.
3.2.2. GOALS, ACTION PLANS AND ACTIVITIES IN THE UPDATED NIP
The NIP 2010 resulted in some improvements in the organizational structure and
operational framework for the implementation of the NIP (establishment of MOE, the National
POPs Steering Committee, the POPs Coordination Unit and the POPs Working Group), the 2010
amendments in the legal instrument for the control of pesticides (responsibilities defined for
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registration, licensing distribution of pesticides) and in generation of initial inventories of POPs.
However, there is a need to strengthen the capacity of the existing agencies to fulfill their
mandates and to institute better coordination and communication among agencies to improve the
implementation of the NIP.
To ensure the effective and sustained realization of the NIP, the Government of Lao PDR
should promote the development of human resources in chemical management, including POPs
management practices and the more active participation of the community in hazardous chemical
management. Action plans in the NIP 2010 to initiate new procedures and activities in chemical
management through trainings of managers and technical persons, including the development of
chemical engineering courses and to promote awareness on hazardous chemicals for all key
stakeholders including decision makers and the community were not implemented.
In the updated NIP, in addition to action plans to address the commitments on the newly
listed POPs chemicals, many untouched components of the first NIP such as training programs,
more comprehensive POPs inventory, implementation of environmentally safe waste disposal,
mitigation of uncontrolled POPs release as well as POPs technical research, and awareness
raising programs are reiterated.
The detailed action plans related to the management and safe disposal of the 12 original and
9 new POPs substances set under the SC are divided into six main sections as follows:
• Section 1 on POPs pesticides,
• Section 2 on PCBs,
• Section 3 on brominated POPs (PBDEs, HBB and HBCD)
• Section 4 on PFOS and related substances
• Section 5 on unintentionally produced POPs, and
• Section 6 on the management of the NIP implementation.
The objectives of each section are to focus on imperative national capacity building in the
area of POPs management, reduction, and elimination. The outline of each section comprises the
proposed goals, objectives, key problems, outputs, main activities, and detailed tasks to achieve
the national objectives. Justification for the implementation of the activities is also provided.
These objectives can be understood as the core functions of the proposed law development,
amendment, and implementation in compliance with the obligations of the Convention. Other
objectives provide general concept for project design and operation related to POPs
management, reduction, and elimination.
3.2.2.1. POPs pesticides
Goals: Eliminate the stockpiles, import and use of POPs pesticides, as well as to secure and
remediate POPs pesticides contaminated sites
Overall Objectives: Development of appropriate regulatory framework and awareness to
effectively implement law enforcement related to POPs pesticides
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Key problems:
• There is still illegal import and use of banned agricultural pesticides including POPs in
Lao PDR;
• The public at large is facing health risks caused by the use of agricultural pesticides
including POPs;
• There is lack of good mechanisms and appropriate measures for protecting public health
and the environment; and
• Short of comprehensive and basic data and information for managing agricultural
pesticides including POPs.
• Labeling of pesticides is often incomplete or in languages which cannot be understood
by farmers.
• There is a lack of information on POPs pesticides contaminated sites, as well as on the
major threats determined by it.
Table 3.2.2.1 Action plans addressing POPs Pesticides
Objective 1: Amendment of existing legal instruments and strengthening effective pesticides
(including POPs) law enforcement.
Action Plan 1-1 Undertake assessment of the existing laws and other technical standards for amendment and
promotion of effective law enforcement.
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Years)
Performance Indicators
1-1-1 Formulate legal team and review existing
regulations on agricultural pesticides
management.
1-1-2 Amend existing legislation and/or develop
new legal instruments for pesticides (including
POPs) management (including provisions on:
mandatory registration of all the pesticides placed
on the market, labeling, penalties for discouraging
the illegal traffic and counterfight, setting up an
empty container management system, avoiding
reoccurrence of obsolete pesticides stocks.
1-1-3 Develop rules and regulations for
implementing the pesticides management
legislation (include periodic mandatory reporting
for pesticides retailers on pesticides stocks).
1-1-4 Develop technical guidelines on pesticides
(including POPs) monitoring and inspection.
1-1-5 Develop the relevant legislation on
environment liability, site investigation and
evaluation of the soil pollution (including limit
MAF/MOJ,
MoNRE, MOH,
mass
organizations,
and private
sector
Appropriate regulatory
framework for effective
law enforcement.
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values setting), as well as relevant guidelines for
identification and assessment of POPs pesticides
contaminated sites and technical guidelines for
contaminated sites remediation.
Develop a strategy and action plan for the interventions during emergency situations (spillages, flooding
Objective 2 : Strengthen institutional capacity and raise public awareness on obsolete pesticides
including POPs pesticides.
Action Plan 2-1 Strengthen capacity of relevant institutions in prevention of the import, trafficking and use of
illegal pesticides.
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Years)
Performance Indicators
2-1-1 Formulate and build national TOT capacity.
2-1-2.Develop training material on the prevention
of illegal import, trafficking and use of illegal
pesticides, including POPs and other obsolete
pesticides.
2-1-3 Organize and disseminate information and
conduct training programs for Government officers
(including custom officers), retailers/traders/sellers
and other relevant stakeholders on legislative and
reporting requirements, pesticides management
(use, storage, transport, disposal, empty containers
management).
MAF/ MoNRE,
MoH, MoIC,
MoF
1.Trained personnel
2. Training materials for
prevention of trafficking
of illegal pesticides and
POPs pesticides
3.Trained target groups on
pesticide management
Action Plan 2-2 Strengthen capacity on pesticides analysis including POPs.
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Years)
Performance Indicators
2.2-1 Improve capacity of laboratory staff on
pesticides analysis, with focus on POPs pesticides,
including from the perspective of food safety.
2.2-2 Upgrade laboratory facilities for pesticides
analysis, with focus on POPs pesticides.
MAF/ MoNRE,
MoH, National
University of
Laos – NUOL
Upgraded laboratory
facilities and staff for
pesticides analysis with
focus on POPs
Action Plan 2-3 Raise public awareness, including farmers, on pesticides issues including POPs and other
obsolete pesticides.
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Years)
Performance Indicators
2.3-1. Formulate and undertake dissemination
campaigns on pesticides hazards and elimination of
obsolete pesticides and POPs.
MAF/ MIF,
MoNRE,
relevant civil
society, mass
1Available Training
materials on awareness of
hazards of pesticides
2.Available trained
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2.3-2.Provide information to relevant target groups
on alternative pesticides instead of POPs and
obsolete pesticides.
2.3-3.Encourage alternatives pest control measures
to reduce the use of pesticides.
2.3-4.Improve extension worker’s capacity and
expand their activities on pesticides including
obsolete pesticides and POPs issues.
2.3-5.Disseminate good agricultural practices and
providing training for farmers in respect to the safe
and sustainable use of available pesticides on the
market, personal protective equipment, empty
containers management.
organizations trainers to conduct
seminars
3.Record of seminars,
lectures organized and
conducted for different
target groups
4. A list of Alternative
pesticides or methods of
pest control identified and
disseminated to
stakeholders
5.a record of training of
farmer groups on good
agricultural practice
Action Plan 2.4 Raise the awareness of policy and decision makers on pesticides issues including obsolete
pesticides and POPs pesticides.
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Years)
Performance Indicators
2.4-1Organize forums/workshops for policy and
decision makers with the aim of integrating of
obsolete POPs pesticides management issues in the
broader context of hazardous waste management
and receiving the necessary financial resources to
deal with it; as well as to promote the ecological
agriculture at national level.
2.4-2. Provide information on pesticides risk and
hazard related issues including obsolete pesticides
and POPs to policy and decision makers.
MAF/MoNRE,
MoH, MIC,
mass
organizations
1.Record of seminars and
lectures on risks of
obsolete pesticides and on
, integrated hazardous
waste management for
POPs and obsolete
pesticides conducted for
policy and decision
makers
Objective 3: Undertake ecologically sound management measures related to obsolete pesticides
including POPs pesticides.
Action Plan 3-1 Conduct comprehensive inventory on obsolete pesticides and POPs pesticides, including POPs
pesticides contaminated sites.
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Years)
Performance Indicators
3-1-1Form obsolete (including POPs) pesticides
inventory team and POPs pesticides contaminates
sites inventory team.
3-1-2Organize inventory training of the team and
develop inventory forms, guidelines and plan
execution of the inventory.
3-1-3Undertake comprehensive inventory survey
MAF/ MoNRE,
MoH, MoIC,
National
Statistic Bureau,
local authorities
1. Trained inventory team
and developed inventory
forms.
2.A comprehensive
inventory of obsolete
pesticides and POPs
chemicals
3.Data base of obsolete
pesticides and POPs in
FAO Pesticides Stocks
format
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covering the whole country.
3-1-4Implement FAO’s Pesticides Stocks
Management System (PSMS) database format and
reporting, which includes a module for POPs
pesticides contaminated sites.
3-1-5Training, with the support of FAO’s officers,
of technical staff on data entry.
3-1-6Set-up database management system with
facilities and data entry.
3-1-7Develop database document on obsolete
pesticides including POPs/POPs pesticides
contaminates sites and publicizing.
4.Data base of
contaminated sites of
obsolete pesticides and
POPs
Action Plan 3.2 Undertake monitoring process on the trafficking of illegal pesticides including POPs pesticides
and counterfeited products.
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Years)
Performance Indicators
3.2-1 Develop plan for monitoring on import,
domestic trafficking and trade of
illegal/counterfeited pesticides.
3.2-2 Undertake regular monitoring and inspection
focusing on the presence of illegal/counterfeited
pesticides.
3.2-3 Undertake administrative measures (like
confiscation of illegal/ counterfeited products and
storage in Government owned storage sites, apply
penalties/fines) for any illegal action related to
illegal/ counterfeited pesticides.
MAF/ MoNRE,
MoH, MoIC,
local authorities
Record and reports on
regular monitoring and
inspection for import,
domestic trafficking and
trade of
illegal/counterfeited
pesticides
Record of administrative
measures done for trade
of illegal pesticides
Action Plan 3-3. Prepare collection campaign for temporary storage of the obsolete pesticides including POPs
pesticides in regional storage depots prior to disposal.
Activities Implementing
/Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Years)
Performance Indicators
3.3-1 Undertake an environmental impact
assessment on setting up of regional storage depots
and the collection and storage of obsolete
pesticides including POPs pesticides.
3.3-2 Disseminate the FAO technical guidelines on
the environmentally sound collection, repackaging,
transportation and temporarily storage of obsolete
pesticides including POPs to all relevant
stakeholders.
3.3-3Establish or improve safe regional temporary
storage facilities (including obtaining the
appropriate permit of their establishment based on
EIA) and area(s) for keeping obsolete pesticides
MAF /
MoNRE,
MoH, local
authorities
Document on
Environmental Impact
Assessment of identified
storage of obsolete
pesticides and POPs
pesticides
Documented Technical
Guidance on
environmentally sound
collection, repackaging
transportation and
temporarily storage of
obsolete pesticides
including POPs
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including POPs.
Objective 4.Eliminate stockpile of obsolete pesticides, including POPs pesticides
Action Plan 4.1. Design and execute a national wide Project for the disposal of all obsolete pesticides (including
POPs).
Activities Implementing
/Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Years)
Performance Indicators
4.1-1 Develop a plan for repackaging and transport
to regional temporarily storage depots of all
obsolete pesticides stocks identified during the
inventory phase.
4.1-2 Organize training course for staff involved in
the project on repackaging and transport.
4.1-3 Identify and purchase the required UN
approved packaging materials.
4.1-4 Repackage obsolete pesticides, clean all
stores and transport the repackaged stockpiles
(obsolete pesticides and wastes contaminated
pesticides including POPs) to regional temporary
storage depots.
4.1-5 Select contractor for the international
transport and disposal of all repackaged stocks.
4.1-6 Export repackaged obsolete pesticides
stockpile for safe disposal outside the country.
MAF,
MoNRE/
MoH, MPWT,
MoIC, MoF
Trained staff for repacking
of obsolete pesticides and
POPs
Stored or disposed
repackaged obsolete
pesticides and POPs
Objective 5: Identification of POPs pesticides contaminated/potentially contaminated sites and
initiation of remediation actions
Action Plan 5.1. Design and execute a national projects for remediation of obsolete pesticides (including POPs)
contaminated sites.
Activities Implementing
/Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Years)
Performance Indicators
5.1-1Identify all POPs pesticides contaminated sites
and prioritize it based on the risk assessment
evaluation.
5.1-2Develop a strategy and action plan for
cleaning up the sites with the highest risk.
5.1-3Secure the national/international funding for
starting the decontamination.
5.1-4Identify the clean-up measures and initiate
clean-up procedures.
MAF, MoNRE
/MoH,
MPWT,
MoIC, MoF
List of priority
contaminated sites for
clean-up
Documented strategy for
clean-up
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5.1-5Take measures to secure the contaminated
sites waiting clean-up
3.2.2.2 PCBs
Goals: Reduce risks and minimize impacts caused by PCBs in an environmental sound manner.
Overall Objectives: Environment sound management of PCBs containing equipment (transformers
and capacitors) and preliminary investigations on PCBs in open applications.
Key problems:
• No specific PCBs regulation in force in Lao PDR.
• There is no National PCBs Elimination Plan defining the tasks and liabilities for
institutions and companies in respect to PCBs containing wastes management and
disposal.
• Based on economic situation of Lao PDR, no replacement of old transformers took place.
• Old transformers continue to be used in Lao PDR and are potentially PCBs contaminated.
• Lao PDR is still importing transformers without PCBs controls.
• To date PCBs continue to be released to the environment as a result of lack of awareness
of PCBs hazards.
• No appropriate & specific maintenance for PCB contaminated transformers is
implemented.
• No PCBs disposal facilities are available with safe environmental standards implemented.
• Electrical workers face high risks caused by PCB associated work.
• There are no specific measures for health and environmental protection for people
affected by PCBs.
• There is no supply of safe protective equipment for workers.
• Workers are not aware of the risks of PCBs on health;
• There is a lack of knowledge and understanding on the risks, safe and sound management
of PCBs.
• There is a lack of data and information for proper management of PCBs.
• There is a lack of information on PCBs contaminated sites, as well as on the major threats
determined by it.
Table 3.2.2.2 Action plans addressing PCBs
Objective 1: Develop legal instruments and technical standards for managing equipment and articles
containing and contaminated with PCBs and PCBs contaminates sites. Action Plan 1.1 Develop legal instruments and technical guidelines for managing PCBs stockpiles and releases
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Years)
Performance Indicators
1.1-1 Form legal and technical working group
including all PCBs stakeholders.
MEM /
MoNRE, MoJ,
MoIC, relevant
Clear in-charge
government agency
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1.1-2 Study existing legal instruments and technical
guidelines related to PCBs management and
identify the gaps to be filled in.
1.1-3Develop legal instruments and technical
guidelines and standards as necessary for PCBs
management.
1.1-4Draft legal instruments are made publically
available for comments/proposals before official
approval.
1.1-5Develop the relevant legislation on
environment liability, site investigation and
evaluation of the soil pollution (including limit
values setting), as well as relevant guidelines for
identification and assessment of PCBs
contaminated sites and technical guidelines for
contaminated sites remediation.
1.1-6Develop a strategy and action plan for the
interventions during emergency situations
(spillages, flooding etc)
private
sector,concerne
d local
authorities
assignment, legal
instruments and technical
guidelines for management
of PCBs
Guidelines for actions
during emergency
situations like spillages of
PCBs and flooding
Objective 2: Conduct inventory of in-use and out-of-use electrical equipment and accessories /articles
containing and/or contaminated with PCBs, initiate preliminary inventory of PCBs in open
application and conduct preliminary inventory of PCBs contaminated sites. Action Plan 2.1 Conduct full inventory (in use, waiting for use, and out of use) in order to identify equipment
and articles containing and/or contaminated with PCBs
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Years)
Performance Indicators
2.1-1 Form team for inventory and study on existing
inventory reports.
2.1-2 Identify support tools and equipment for
inventory, and develop plans to conduct PCBs
inventory.
2.1-3 Conduct comprehensive inventory (including
testing, classifying, labeling, registering, etc.) of
electrical equipment and articles containing or
contaminated with PCBs.
2.1-4 Design and develop national database on
electrical equipment and articles containing or
contaminated with PCBs
MoNRE, MEM,
EDL, MoIC,
MPI, key
stakeholders
Comprehensive inventory
(including testing,
classifying, labeling,
registering, data input and
data management etc.) of
electrical equipment and
articles containing or
contaminated with PCBs.
National database on
electrical equipment and
articles containing or
contaminated with PCBs
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Action Plan 2.2 Conduct preliminary inventory on PCBs in hydraulic oil and open applications.
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Years)
Performance Indicators
2.2-1 Form team for inventory and identify support
tools, equipment for inventory, and develop plans to
conduct PCBs inventory on hydraulic oil and open
applications.
2.2-2 Conduct preliminary inventory of PCBs on
hydraulic oil and open applications.
2.2-3 Include the results of the inventory within the
national database developed for PCBs equipment.
MoNRE, MEM,
EDL, MoIC,
MPI, key
stakeholders
Preliminary inventory of
PCBs on hydraulic oil and
open applications.
Action Plan 2.3. Conduct preliminary inventory of PCBs contaminated sites.
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Years)
Performance Indicators
2.3-1 Form team for inventory and identify support
tools, equipment for inventory, and develop plans to
conduct PCBs contaminated sites inventory.
2.3-2 Conduct preliminary inventory of PCBs
contaminated sites and prioritize it based on the
risk assessment.
2.3-3 Include the results of the inventory within a
national database.
MoNRE, MEM,
EDL, MoIC,
MPI, key
stakeholders
Preliminary inventory of
PCBs contaminated sites
Objective 3: Develop ESM of in-use electrical equipment and accessories /articles containing and/or
contaminated with PCBs. Action Plan 3.1Take measure to manage the in-use of electrical equipment and articles containing or
contaminated with PCBs in an environmentally sound manner. Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Years)
Performance Indicators
3.1-1 Identify sites of electrical equipment and
articles (including workshops, stations, substations,
and pole mounted) for prioritization of management
in an environmentally sound manner.
3.1-2 Apply management in environmentally sound
manner at selected sites.
3.1-3 Take action to stop the intention for repairing
transformers contaminated with PCBs (with high
concentration >10% next step with concentration
>0.05 %).
MoNRE, MEM/
EDL, MPI
stakeholders
List of priority sites for
environmentally sound
management of PCBs
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Action Plan 3.2. Develop strategy to reduce the in-use electrical equipment and articles containing or
contaminated with PCBs. Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Years)
Performance Indicators
3.2-1 Initial assessment (current and future) of
electrical equipment and articles containing or
contaminated with PCBs.
3.2-2 Develop strategy for the reduction of in-use
electrical equipment and articles containing or
contaminated with PCBs (part of the National
PCBs Elimination Plan).
3.2-31 Develop and implement demonstration
(pilot) project in PCBs reduction
MoNRE, MEM/
EDL, MPI
stakeholders
Documented strategy for
reduction of in-use
electrical equipment with
PCBs
Objective 4: Set up a management tool for transformers in use until the end of life considering the
socio economic aspects (keep in use or phase out) Action Plan 4.1 Pilot risk assessment
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Years)
Performance Indicators
4.1-1 Form a working group of different
stakeholders.
4.1-2 Prepare plan of pilot risk assessment project
(selection of a representative population sample:
100 units).
4.1-3 Conduct site assessment.
4.1-4 Identify issues of risk assessment.
4.1-5 Organize and conduct the conclusion
workshop with stakeholders (legal issues, technical
issues, financial issues).
MEM /
MoNRE, EDL,
MoIC, MoF,
key
stakeholders
Identified issues for pilot
site risk assessment
Documented guidelines for
pilot site risk assessment
Workshops conducted for
stakeholders to discuss
relevant issues on risk
assessment
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Action Plan 4.2. Complete risk assessment
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Years)
Performance Indicators
4.2-1 Form a working group with the participation
of different stakeholders.
4.2-2 Develop plan of complete risk assessment.
4.2-3 Conduct complete site assessment.
4.2-4 Identify issues of complete risk assessment.
4.2-5 Organize and conduct the national conclusion
workshop with stakeholders (legal issues, technical
issues, financial issues).
MEM / EDL,
MoH,
MoNRE,,Key
stakeholders
Complete risk assessment
of priority sites
Workshops conducted for
stakeholders to discuss
relevant issues on
complete risk assessment
Action Plan 4.3.Make measures to prevent PCBs infiltration and releases from electrical equipment.
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Years)
Performance Indicators
4.3-1 Develop regular monitoring program to
identify electrical equipment required to offer
preventive facility of PCBs infiltration and release.
4.2-2 Repair or offer preventive facility of PCBs
infiltration and release in environmentally sound
manner.
MEM / EDL,
MoIC, key
stakeholders
Guideline for routine
monitoring of electrical
equipment for releases of
PCBs.
Procedure for
environmentally sound
repair of electrical
equipment to prevent PCB
releases.
Objective 5: ESM of out-of-use of equipment, articles and wastes containing and/or contaminated with PCBs
(Handling, transportation, dismantling, pretreatment, storage, final disposal) Action Plan 5.1 Take measure to manage the out-of-use electrical equipment, articles and wastes containing or
contaminated with PCBs in environmentally sound manner. Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Years)
Performance Indicators
5.1-1 Training for ESM of out of use electrical
equipment, articles and wastes containing or
contaminated with PCBs (handling, transportation,
storage, dismantling, pretreatment, shipment of
used PCB to the out of country disposal facilities).
5.1-2 Form working group with participation of the
stakeholders
5.1-3 Identify storage sites and facilities for keeping
out-of-use electrical equipment, articles and wastes
containing or contaminated with PCBs in an
environmentally sound manner.
MEM /
MONRE,EDL,
MIC, key
stakeholders
Guidelines for identifying
and classifying PCB
contaminated out of use
electrical equipment.
Training materials and
trained trainers for ESM of
out of use electrical
equipment.
Identified storage sites for
out of use equipment
contaminated with PCBs
and PCB waste
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5.1-4 Upgrade (or new establish if require), based
on an EIA and subject to permitting, storage sites
and installed facilities for keeping out-of-use
electrical equipment, articles and wastes containing
or contaminated with PCBs in an environmentally
sound manner.
5.1-5 Take action to centralize the out-of-use of
electrical equipment, articles and wastes containing
or contaminated with PCBs waiting for destruction
in an environmentally sound manner.
Action Plan 5.2. Develop 5 years plan for destroying the out-of-use electrical equipment, articles and wastes
containing or contaminated with PCBs in environmentally sound manner.
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Years)
Performance Indicators
5.2-1 Undertake assessment (current and future) of
out-of-use electrical equipment, articles and wastes
containing or contaminated with PCBs for
destruction including utilization of disposal
facilities in the country; and evaluation of disposal
facilities out of the country.
5.2-2Conduct assessment with participation of the
stakeholders for the disposal of out of use
equipment, articles containing or contaminated
with PCB.
5.2-3 Develop strategy for the destruction of the
out-of-use of electrical equipment (part of the
National PCBs Elimination Plan), articles and
wastes containing or contaminated with PCBs
(Handling, transportation, storage, dismantling,
pre-treatment and final disposal).
5.2-4 Organize and conduct the national workshop
for comments and approval of the draft strategy for
the destruction of the out-of-use of electrical
equipment, articles and wastes containing or
contaminated with PCBs in an environmentally
sound manner. Publication and dissemination of the
concerned strategy.
MEM/ EDL,
MIC, MoNRE,
key
stakeholders
Guidelines for assessment
and destruction of out of
use electrical equipment in
an ESM
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Objective 6: Strengthen capacity and enhance public awareness on PCBs issue Action Plan 6.1 Provide and strengthen capacity for managing PCBs dielectric and its contaminated articles.
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Years)
Performance Indicators
6.1-1 Develop materials on PCBs issues and
publicize.
6.1-2 Organize training on PCBs sound
management related issues for national and
provincial levels.
MoNRE,
MEM / EDL,
Provincial
Electricity ,
MoIC, MoF,
stakeholders
Short term
(within GEF
PCBs project
Training materials and
trained trainers for public
awareness on PCBs and
ESD of PCBs.
Seminars conducted on
PCBs in national and
provincial levels
Dissemination of inventory
report to the policy makers
and public.
6.2 Provide and strengthen laboratory capacity in analyzing PCBs.
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Years)
Performance Indicators
6.2-1 Strengthen laboratory staff’s capacity for
PCBs analysis.
6.2-2 Assess existing lab facilities and analytical
capacities.
6.2-3 Select appropriate PCB analytical techniques.
6.2-4 Provide PCB analytical equipment.
6.2-5 Provide information to stakeholders.
6.2-6 Upgrade laboratory facilities for analyzing
PCBs.
MEM /
MONRE, MIC,
stakeholders
Short term
(within GEF
PCBs project
PCB laboratory (ies)
equipped with analytical
equipment, methodology
and trained staff for
analysis of PCBs
Objective 7: Identification of PCBs contaminated/potentially contaminated sites and initiation of
remediation actions Action Plan 7.1 Design and execute a national project for assessment and securing/remediating of PCB
contaminated sites.
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Years)
Performance Indicators
7.1-1 Identify all PCBs contaminated/potentially
contaminated sites and prioritize it based on the
risk assessment evaluation.
7.1-2 Develop a strategy and action plan for
cleaning up the sites with the highest risk.
7.1-3 Secure the national/international funding for
MAF, MoNRE/
MoH, MPWT,
MoIC, MoF
List of contaminated sites
for priority remediation
actions
Guideline for securing
contaminated sites while
waiting for clean-up
Guidelines for cleaning up
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starting the securing and decontamination.
7.1-4 Identify the clean-up measures and initiate
clean-up procedures.
7.1-5 Take measures to secure the contaminated
sites waiting clean-up.
PCB contaminated sites.
3.2.2.3. LISTED BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS (POP-PBDES, HBB AND HBCD)
Goals: Eliminate the use and manage materials containing listed brominated flame
retardants (POP-PBDEs, HBB and HBCD)
Overall Objectives: Proper management of the materials containing POP-PBDEs, HBB and
HBCD, and protection of related recycling flows
Key Problems:
• Information on total amount of PBDE and HBCD containing material flows is very
weak;
• Currently there is no regulatory frame for the waste and resource management of
important waste categories (Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment-WEEE, end
of life vehicles, insulation and );
• There is no waste management scheme and technology in place for environmentally
sound management of brominated POP containing waste categories;
• An assessment of technologies for the management of brominated POPs containing
material in Lao does not exist;
• Information on alternatives to PBDEs, HBCD and their appropriate assessment is weak.
Table 3.2.2.3 Action plans addressing POP-PBDEs, HBB and HBCD
Objective 1: Development of regulatory frame for brominated POP containing materials.
Action Plan1.1 Set up a legislative framework for the management of WEEE and of life vehicles in the overall
frame of waste management regulation. The concerned private sectors (e.g. EEE and vehicle producers and
importers including extended producer responsibility, WEEE collectors and recycling shops) to report periodically
to the MONRE on the status of treated WEEE and end-of-use vehicles.
Activities Implementing
/Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost
Performance Indicators
1.1-1 Assessment of regulatory framework for WEEE
and end-of-life vehicle management and particular
regulations on brominated POPs in other countries.
1.1-2 Development of regulatory framework for
MoIC/
MoNRE,
MPWT, MPI,
MoF, private
sector
Medium term
2-5 years
30,000 $US
A regulatory framework for
management of EEE/WEEE
A regulatory framework for
management of end of life
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EEE/WEEE management possibly including
extended producer responsibility.
1.1-3 Development of regulatory framework for end
of life vehicle management possibly including
extended producer responsibility
vehicles
Objective 2. Improve inventories of brominated POPs containing material flows.
Action Plan 2.1 Development of a comprehensive national EEE/WEEE and vehicle inventory/database by MONRE
in collaboration with stakeholders (importers, distributors and providers) which can be used for PBDE but also on
other tasks such as developing a WEEE and end of life vehicle management scheme.
Activities Implementing
/Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost)
Performance Indicators
2.1-1 Development and conduct of a comprehensive
national EEE/WEEE inventory including PBDE and
other PTS and valuable resources.
MoIC/
MoNRE,
MPWT, MPI,
MoF, private
sector
Short term 1-2
years
50,000 $US
A comprehensive national
inventory of EEE/WEEE
including PBDEs and other
PTS substances.
A comprehensive national
inventory of the transport
sector and end of life vehicles
with PBDE and other PTS
substances.
2.1-2 Development of a material flow analysis and
substance flow analysis for EEE/WEEE and related
PBDE and other substances of interest.
2.1-3 Development and conduct of a comprehensive
national inventoryof the transport sector and end of
life vehicle inventory and related brominated POP
and other PTS inventory.
2.1-4 Development of a material flow analysis and
substance flow analysis for the transport sector.
Action Plan 2.2 Inventory of HBCD containing materials
Activities Implementing
/Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Years)
Performance Indicators
2.2-1 Assessment of the use of HBCD containing
foams in construction and inventory of including
polystyrene in construction.
2.2-2 Assessment if an exemption for HBCD in
insulation in construction is needed.
MoIC/
MoNRE,
MPWT, MPI,
MoF, private
sector
Short term 1-2
years
7,000 $US
Documented assessment of the
use of HBCD containing
foams in construction
Inventory of HBCD
containing foams in
construction and assessment
for possible exemption
Action Plan 2.3 Expand inventory scope to cover articles and life cycles (e.g. recycling process) that were not
included in the inventory.
Activities Implementing
/Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Years)
Performance Indicators
2.3-1 Assessment and inventory of PBDE and HBCD
in polyurethane or polystyrene in furniture and
mattresses.
2.3-2 Assessment of the presence of PBDE and
MoIC/
MoNRE,
MPWT, MPI,
MoF, private
sector
Medium term
2-5 years
15,000 $US
Documented assessment of the
use of PBDEs and HBCD
containing foams in furniture
and mattresses and textiles .
Inventory of PBDEs and
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HBCD in textiles and inventory in case.
2.3-3 Assessment of the presence of PBDE and
HBCD in products manufacturedfrom recycled
materials.
HBCD containing foams in
furniture, mattresses and
textiles .
Dissemination of inventory
report to the policy makers
and public.
Documented assessment of the
presence of PBDEs and
HBCD in products using
recycled materials.
Objective 3: Environmentally sound management of PBDEs and HBCD containing materials and wastes.
Action Plan 3.1 Assessment of end of life management and recycling activities of WEEE plastic and other
brominated POP containing plastic/polymers in the country, the technologies used and the pollutant levels present.
Activities Implementing
/Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost
Performance Indicators
3.1-1 Assessment of end of life management and
recycling activities of WEEE plastic in the country
and technologies used and the pollutant levels
present.
3.1-2 Assessment of end of life management and
recycling activities of WEEE plastic in the country
and technologies used and the pollutant levels
present.
3.1-3 Assessment of end of life management and
recycling activities of polymers from the transport
sector and the pollutant levels present.
3.1-4 Assessment of end of life management and
recycling activities of potentially PBDE/HBCD
containing materials from other sector and the
pollutant levels present.
3.1-5 Assessment of the risk by these treatments for
workers, the environment and for consumers of the
recycled products.
MoIC/
MoNRE,
MPWT, MPI,
MoF, private
sector
Short term 1-2
years
25,000 $US
Guidelines for assessment of
end of life management and
recycling activities of WEEE
in plastics
A report on the assessment of
the end of life management
and recycling and the risk of
these treatments to workers
and consumers of recycled
products
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Action Plan 3.2 Assessment of and implementation of BAT/BEP for recovery of resources and environmentally
sound management of PBDE containing waste categories considering the waste hierarchy and life cycle
assessment.*
Activities
Implementing
/Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost
Performance Indicators
3.2-1 Assessment of BAT/BEP for recycling and
recovery of material containing PBDEs and HBCD
(including separation).
3.2-2 Assessment of BAT/BEP for destruction and
disposal of PBDE and HBCD containing wastes.
3.2-3 Life Cycle Assessment of the different waste
hierarchy options and selection of the best choice
considering the national situation.
MoIC/
MoNRE,
MPWT, MPI,
MoF, private
sector
Short term 1-2
years
50,000 $US
Assessment of the different
waste disposal hierarchy
options for PBDEs and HBCD
and the most applicable
BAT/BEP for the national
situation
Action Plan 3.3. Incorporate EEE/WEEE and end of life vehicles and possibly other waste categories such as
demolition waste from construction (including PBDEs, HBCD and other pollutants but also resource) management
into national environment protection and waste/resource management plan. Activities Implementing
/Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost
Performance Indicators
3.3-1 Assessment of the need and options to include
PBDE and HBCD containing wastes into national
environment protection and waste/resource
management plan.
3.3-2 Inclusion of those affected waste categories
into the national environment protection and
waste/resource management plan where the
usefulness for a listing have been shown.
MoIC/
MoNRE,
MPWT, MPI,
MoF, private
sector
Short term 1-2
years
2,000 $US
A report on the assessment of
the need and optios to include
PBDE and HBCD into the
national environment protection
and waste/ resource
management plan
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Action Plan 3.4 Assessment of the possibilities and feasibility in setting up waste management and disposal facility
in the Lao PDR territory for managing of major waste types containing PBDEs (WEEE plastic, polymers from
transport, polymers from construction) or to manage the wastes through regional cooperation.
Activities Implementing
/Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Years)
Performance Indicators
3.4-1 Assessment of setting up recycling facilities
for different waste categories.
3.4-2 Assessment of the destruction and energy
recovery of PBDE containing wastes in existing
cement kilns.
3.4-3 Assessment of the use or construction of
incinerators or other thermal destruction.
3.4-4 Assessment of disposal of wastes in
engineered landfills and assessment of possible
future landfilling mining of these materials.
MoIC/
MoNRE,
MPWT, MPI,
MoF, private
sector
Medium term
2-5 years
100,000 $US
A report on the assessment of
different waste disposal
facilities for PBDE and HBCD
containing materials
Action Plan 3.5 Environmental Sound Management (ESM) of brominated POP containing wastes*
3.5-x All activities for ESD MoIC/
MoNRE,
MPWT, MPI,
MoF, private
sector
Long term 5-
10 years
Objective 4: Capacity building of various stakeholders to control and manage PBDE containing articles
and wastes. Action Plan 4.1 Strengthen the capacities of the environment authorities’ dealing with the EEE/WEEE and end of
life vehicle (including inventory) at the national level in respect to pollutants (PBDEs, HBCD, heavy metals, waste
oils, CFCs, HCFCs and others) and resources in these wastes.
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost
Performance Indicators
4.1-1 Compilation of available information
materials and best practice cases.
4.1-2 Training of the environment authorities’
dealing with the EEE/WEEE and end of life
vehicle (including inventory) at the national level
in respect to pollutants.
4.1-3 Conducting necessary capacity building for
central and regional relevant staff to investigate
the stockpiles and potentially contaminated sites.
4.1-4 Training of the custom authorities to
enhance the traceability of the PBDEs containing
articles within education on WEEE and scrap
vehicle imports considering also Basel Convention
guidelines..
MoIC/
MoNRE,
MPWT, MPI,
MoF, private
sector
Medium term
2 to 5 years
100,000 $US
A compilation of the best
practices in dealing with
EEE/WEE
Training materials and trained
trainors for capacity building of
environment authorities at the
national level on management
of EEE/WEEE and end of life
vehicles.
Training materials and trained
trainors for capacity building
of central and regional relevant
staff on pollutants,
investigation of stockpiles and
contaminated sites
Training materials and trained
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trainors for capacity building of
custom authorities on imports
containing PBDEs
Action Plan 4.2. Development of analytical capacity for investigating and assessing PBDEs contamination and
content, when there is such need.
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost
Performance Indicators
4.2-1 Assessment of the need for development of
monitoring capacity for PBDE and HBCD or the
use of (regional)cooperations.
4.2-2 Possible development of the monitoring
capacity.
MoIC/ MoNRE,
MPWT, MPI,
MoF, private
sector
Medium term
2-5 years
300,000 $US
A report on the assessment of
the need for development of
capacity to monitor PBDE and
HBCD
Action Plan 4.3 Monitoring and assessment of contaminated sites, in particular e-waste treatment sites using open
burning
4.3-x All activities MoIC/ MoNRE,
MPWT, MPI,
MoF, private
sector
Medium term
2-5 years
Estimate of
cost will be
done after
more
information
are obtained
A report on the assessment of
contaminated sites in particular
e-waste treatment using open
burning
3.2.2.4: PFOS, PFOSF AND RELATED SUBSTANCES
Goals: Eliminate the use and manage materials containing PFOS, PFOSF and related substances
Overall Objectives: Phase out of PFOS uses and management of stockpiles and contaminated sites
Key problems
• Information on total amount of PFOS use and PFOS and related substances containing
materials is very weak;
• Currently there is no regulatory frame for the use, release and management of PFOS
and related substances;
• Information and assessment of contaminated sites including ground and related drinking
water contamination from former fire-fighting foam use and other uses does not exist;
• Information on the use of alternatives to PFOS in the different application and their
appropriate assessment is weak.
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Table 3.2.2.4. Action plans addressing PFOS
Objective 1: Development of policy and regulatory frame for PFOS and related substances.
Action Plan 1.1 Develop a regulatory frame to stop the use of PFOS and related substances and listing of
exemptions.
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost
Performance Indicators
1.1-1 Ban the use of PFOS and related substances
with possible exemptions and define the respective
time frame.
1.1-2 Incorporate PFOS control and elimination
into national environment protection plan.
1.1-3 Assessment of PFOS use in plating industry,
aviation hydraulic fluids and other exempted uses
and the need for listing of exemptions.
1.1-4 Assess legislation for low POPs content in
articles and drinking water levels and other
relevant limits in other countries and decide on
possible inclusion in national regulation.
MoIC/ MoNRE,
MPWT, MPI,
MoF, private
sector
Short term 1
year
15,000 $US
A report on the assessment of
PFOS use in plating industry
aviation fluids and other
exempted uses.
A report on the assessment of
incorporating PFOS in the
national environmental
protection plan
A report on legislation or
standards for articles containing
low levels of PFOS in other
countries
Objective 2: Improve inventories of PFOS containing articles and products.
Action Plan 2.1 Improvement of PFOS and related substances inventory
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost
Performance Indicators
2.1-1 Detailed inventory of PFOS currently present
in fire-fighting foams and aviation hydraulic fluid
and stock.
2.1-2 Detailed inventory of PFOS in synthetic
carpets (produced before 2002 & recently
produced).
2.1-3 Inventory of other uses if their relevance in
the region has been demonstrated (considering also
other inventory findings in the region).
MoNRE/
MoIC, MoF
Short term (1-
2 years)
10,000 $US
Detailed inventory of PFOS in
fire fighting foams, carpets and
other uses
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Objective 3: Environmentally sound management (ESM) of PFOS containing products and wastes
Action Plan 3.1 Apply BAT/BEP and ensure ESM in the end of life in case of using PFOS in an exempted uses.
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost)
Performance Indicators
3.1-1 Assessment of BAT/BEP for managing of
PFOS in case of using PFOS in an exempted use
3.1-2 Awareness of stakeholders on the importance
to control PFOS releases and wastes
3.1-3 Implementation of BAT/BEP in the exempted
uses (in case of exemption needed)
MoIC/
MoNRE,
MoST,
MPWT,
private sector
Short term; 1-2
years
Estimated Cost
undetermined
yet, more
information is
needed.
Guidelines for ESM of PFOS
and BAT/BEP for PFOS with
exempted use
Action Plan 3.2 Assessment of the possibilities and feasibility in to destroy or dispose PFOS containing wastes and
disposal.
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost)
Performance Indicators
3.2-1 Assessment of the destruction of PFOS
containing wastes in existing cement kilns.
3.2-2 Assessment of the use of incinerators or other
thermal destruction technologies.
3.2-3 Critical assessment and possible restriction of
landfilling of PFOS containing wastes (considering
the high persistence and water solubility of the
compounds).
MoIC/ MoNRE,
MoST, MPWT,
private sector
A report on environmentally
sound methods of destruction
of PFOS
Action Plan 3.3 Disposal of PFOS containing wastes in an environmentally sound manner
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost)
Performance Indicators
All Activities MoIC/ MoNRE,
MoST, MPWT,
private sector
Medium term
2-5 years/
Estimated Cost
undetermined
yet, more
information is
needed.
Articles containing PFOS
disposed in an environmentally
sound manner
A report on the disposal of
articles containing PFOS
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Objective 4.Capacity building and awareness on PFOS and related substances. Action Plan 4.1 Development of information and awareness raising materials on PFOS and related substances.
Activities Implementing
/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost)
Performance Indicators
4.1-1 Compilation and development of information
and awareness materials for individual stakeholder
groups (policy makers and public authorities;
potential users and the consumers)
4.1-2 Dissemination of information to the
stakeholder groups
MoIC,
MoNRE/
MoF, MoST
Short term 1-2
years
20,000 $US
Training materials for
awareness on PFOS for
different stakeholder groups
A report on seminars conducted
for stakeholder groups
Action Plan 4.2 Assessment of alternatives to PFOS and promotion of the most sustainable alternatives.
Activities Implementing
/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost)
Performance Indicators
4.2-1 Information on alternatives to PFOS and
related substances in the current and former
applications are compiled (see POPRC documents)
and assessed.
4.2-2 Promotions of sustainable alternatives by
incentives.
MoIC,
MoNRE/ MoF,
MoST
Short term 1-2
years
20,000 $US
List of alternatives for uses of
PFOS in different articles
List of possible incentives for
use of alternatives for PFOS
Action Plan 4.3 Assessment of the need and options of establishing analytical capacity and possibly development of
capacity or establish cooperation for assessment.
Activities Implementing
/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost)
Performance Indicators
4.3-1 Assessment of the need and option to establish
PFOS and related substance analysis.
4.3-2 Assessment of alternative options to generate
data on PFOS and related substances in the country,
including research cooperation and regional
projects.
MoIC,
MoNRE/ MoF,
MoST
Short term 1-2
years10,000
$US
500,000 $US
for
establishment
of analytical
capability
Analytical capability for
analysis of PFOS in different
articles established including
analytical equipment, methods
of analysis and trained
personnel
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Objective 5: Assessment of PFOS contaminated sites and securing and possibly remediation of sites.
Action Plan 5.1 Assessment of PFOS contaminated sites
Activities Implementing
/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost)
Performance Indicators
5.1-1 Improvement of inventory of potentially PFOS
contaminated sites.
5.1-2 Compilation of information on PFOS
contaminated sites in other countries (assessment
strategies, control, remediation)
MoNRE/
MoIC, MoF,
Private sector
Medium term
2-5 years/
100,000 $US *
*Indicative
only, may
change
depending on
the number of
sites
Inventory of PFOS
contaminated sites
A report on the assessment and
remediation of PFOS
contaminated sites in other
countries
Action Plan 5.2 Control of PFOS contaminated sites.
Activities Implementing
/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost)
Performance Indicators
5.2-1 Stop PFOS exposure of population via drinking
water.
5.2-2 Stop exposure of population from contaminated
food (fish or food animals or plants) from impacted
areas.
MoNRE/
MoIC, MoF,
Private sector
Medium term
2-5 years/
Millions of
$US **
** Indicative
only, may
change after
site inventory
and
assessment
A report on controls to protect
the population from exposure to
PFOS
Action Plan 5.3 Remediation of PFOS contaminated sites.
Activities Implementing
/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost)
Performance Indicators
5.3-1 Compilation of information of remediation of
PFOS contaminated sites.
5.3-1 Assessment of the need of remediation of PFOS
contaminated sites.
5.3-1 Remediation of PFOS contaminated sites based
on ranking of exposure risk.
MoNRE/
MoIC, MoF,
Private sector
Long term 5-
10 years/
Millions of
$US **
** Indicative
only, may
change after
site inventory
and
assessment
A report on remediation of
PFOS contaminated sites
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3.2.2.5. ACTION PLANS ADDRESSING UNINTENTIONALLY PRODUCED POPS
Goals: Reduce and eliminate the release of unintentionally produced POPs
Overall Objectives: Proper management of the release of unintentionally produced POPs, through BAT/BEP
implementation
Key problems
• Lack of awareness building to all key stakeholders: ministries and governmental
institutions, private sector, mass organizations, civil societies, academic institutions and
community of unintentionally produced POPs, including generation and hazards;
• Insufficient regulations related to management of unintentionally produced POPs;
• Lack of technical expertise and technical guidelines for management of unintentionally
produced POPs;
• Uncontrolled burning (waste at municipality and rural landfills, household, public areas,
forests, etc);
• Lack of control measures for reducing the release of unintentionally produced POPs
from all sources;
• Lack of technical facilities to reduce the release of unintentionally produced POPs;
• No waste separation policy and limited in practice (by interest groups like scavengers);
• No data records regarding the incidence of unintentionally produced POPs, namely
dioxin from Agent Orange, poor database management system and information
exchange mechanism among the government institutions and stakeholders; and
• Lack of laboratory and equipment facilities for appropriate monitoring and analyzing
unintentionally produced POPs.
Table 3.2.2.5. Action Plans for Unintentionally Produced POPs (UPOPs)
Objective 1: Revise or develop legislation related to the sound management of unintentionally
produced POPs. Action Plan 1.1 Undertake law and policy assessment related to the management of unintentionally produced
POPs Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost)
Performance Indicators
1.1-1 Review existing laws and legal instruments
related to industrial releases in the country and
unintentionally produced POPs.
1.1-2 Assess the legal instruments related to the
management of Unintentionally Produced POPs.
1.1-3 Prepare assessment report on current
situation; identify the gaps, and requirements for
development of law on the management of
MoNRE/ MoD,
MoJ , local
authorities,
Short term 1-2
years 10,000
$US
A report on the review
of existing legal
instruments pertaining to
UPOPs including gaps to
develop a law on the
management of UPOPs.
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unintentionally produced POPs.
Action Plan 1.2 Amend existing laws, or develop new law(s) where necessary related to the reductionof
unintentionally produced POPs.
Restriction of open burning
(update) Regulation for landfills
Regulations of operation of incinerators
BAT/BEP regulation for emitting industries
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost)
Performance Indicators
1.2-1 Form legal team on the management of
unintentionally produced POPs Assessment of other
country approaches for regulations and
enforcement on open burning, landfills, incinerators
and other emitting industries.
1.2-2 Conduct a training course on legislation for
the management of unintentionally produced POPs
Amend the existing laws, or develop new
regulations on open burning, landfills, incinerators
and BAT/BEP for other relevant industries.
1.2-3 Organize national workshop to discuss the
current situation of laws and policies related to the
management of unintentionally produced POPs
1.2-4 Disseminate, monitor, assess and report
realization of the updatedregulations or policies.
MoNRE/
MEM, MoJ
,local
authorities,
private sectors
Short term 1-2
years/
20,000 $US
A report on the review of
existing legal instruments
pertaining to UPOPs in
other countries, including
regulations and
enforcement on open
burning , landfills,
incinerators and other
emissions
A new legal instrument for
management of UPOPs in
the country
Training materials and
trained personnel on the
new legal instrument for
management of UPOPs.
A report on seminars
conducted on the new legal
instrument for
management of UPOPs for
different stakeholder
groups.
A report on the
dissemination of the new
legal instrument to
different stakeholders
including the general
public
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Action Plan 1.3 Integrate the reduction of unintentionally produced POPs in general BAT/ BEP (including CP)
of related industries (SC Annex 2 and 3 facilities)
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost)
Performance Indicators
1.3-1 Form technical team for development of the
national guidelines for BAT/BEP and integrated
pollution prevention for related industries and
incinerators considering unintentional POPs and
other relevant releases.
1.3-2 Prioritize relevant unintentionally produced
POPs release source categories and industries.
1.3-3 Study the available relevant guidance
documents on BAT & BEP approved by COPs and
the BAT Reference documents from the EU and
other relevant documents.
1.3-4 Develop national guidelines on BAT/BEP for
relevant industries, including POPs and other
relevant pollutants (integrated approach).
1.3-5 Introduce, disseminate, monitor, assess and
report the implementation of the developed national
BAT/BEP guidelines to all stakeholders (through
meetings or workshops).
MoNRE/
MEM, MIC,
MoH , key
stakeholders
Medium term
2-5 years/
250,000 $US
A report on the review of
existing guidelines on
BAT/BEP for UPOPs
release in other countries.
A report on the BAT/BEP
for priority sources of
UPOPs emissions in the
country
National Guidelines for
BAT/BEP and integrated
pollution prevention for
UPOPs and other releases
Objective2: Strengthen capacity and raise awareness of the public and policy makers on pollution
releases including unintentionally produced POPs. Action Plan 2.1 Strengthen and develop the capacity to reduce releases related to unintentionally POPs
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost)
Performance Indicators
2.1-1 Develop capacity to reduce unintentionally
produced POPs.
2.1-2 Develop training material on awareness of
unintentionally produced POPs.
2.1-3 Provide appropriate information on
unintentionally produced POPs for decision makers.
2.1-4 Strengthen capacity of institutional officers
and authorities, including private sector responsible
for implementation of legal documents and
guidelines relevant to sound management of
unintentionally produced POPs.
Mo
MoD,MoIT,/M
EM, MoH, key
stakeholders
NRE
36 Months
Training materials and
trained trainers on
awareness on UPOPs, on
reduction of UPOPs and
on the new legal
instrument to reduce
UPOPs for training of
decision makers.
A report on the activities to
strengthen the capacity of
institutional officers and
concerned personnel in the
private sector to implement
the new legal instrument
for management of UPOPs
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and other releases.
Action Plan 2.2 Develop public awareness raising program on health and environmental impact affected by
unintentionally produced POPs for the different stakeholders. Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost)
Performance Indicators
2.2-1 Develop awareness raising program on
releases from open burning and from industrial
emissions including unintentional POPs.
2.2-2 Develop information material for:
- public awareness raising on unintentionally
produced POPs//PTS (with emphasis on open
waste burning and cooking);
- information and awareness materials for
related industries and operators of
incinerators.
2.2-3 Organize awareness raising campaigns on
unintentionally produced POPs through mass
media and direct actions to the public and
vulnerable community on open burning of wastes
and household cooking in using improper fuel and
the use of improved stoves.
MoNRE/
MoIC,MEM,
MoH, key
stakeholders
36
Months
Information materials and
trained trainers on the
awareness on UPOPs,
release of UPOPs from
open burning and from
industrial emissions and
the new legal instrument to
reduce UPOPs for training
of households and
operators of incinerators,
dumpsites and landfills ,
power plants, and other
personnel involved in
releasing UPOPs.
A report on awareness
raising campaigns on
UPOPs through media and
direct actions to the
communities.
Objective 3: Improve waste management practices and prevent uncontrolled burning of wastes Action Plan 3.1 Improve landfill management
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost)
Performance Indicators
3.1-1 Develop technical guidances for landfills
considering already available technical guidances
and related capacity building.
3.1-2 Develop improved landfill management
program including trainings.
3.1-3 Develop improved landfill management
program.
3.1-4 Design and implement municipal and
provincial landfills management pilot project.
MoNRE,
selected local
authorities/
MoD,
MPWT,MoH,
MoIC, key
stakeholders
Short and
medium term
1-5 years
(General waste
management
budget)
Technical manuals for
improvement of landfill
management to prevent the
release of UPOPs.
A report on the
implementation of
improved municipal and
provincial landfill
management pilot project.
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Action Plan 3.2. Introduce and promote sound management of waste including the waste hierarchy and 3R
principles Activities Implementing
/ Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost)
Performance Indicators
3.2-1 Establish technical team for sound waste
management.
3.2-2 Study available guidance documents on sound
waste management practices from UNITAR-UNEO,
ISWA, the EU and materials from the Basel and the
Stockholm Conventions.
3.2-3 Develop a waste catalogue and waste
management guidelines suitable for Lao PDR
focusing on implementation of the waste hierarchy
and 3-R principles (considering the activities of
Japan).
3.2-4 Provide country-wide training on waste
management guidelines implementation involving
local authorities.
3.2-5 Design and implement pilot project on
environmentally sound waste management.
MoNRE,
selected local
authorities/
MPWT,
MoD, MoH,
Key
stakeholders
Short and long
term 1-10 years/
Waste
management
budget
A report on the study of
available guidance
documents on sound
management practices
from established agencies
that deal with waste
management
Environmentally sound
Waste Management
Guidelines that is suitable
for Lao PDR
Trained local authorities
on the environmentally
sound Waste Management
Guidelines
A report on the
Implementation of a pilot
project on the
environmentally sound
waste management
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Action Plan 3.3 Introduce and promote implementation of BAT & BEP in existing waste incineration plants
(municipal, hospital and industrial wastes) Activities Implementing
/ Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost)
Performance Indicators
3.3-1 Establish technical team associated with the
field of thermal waste treatment.
3.3-2 Compilation of information material on
BAT/BEP on incineration and other thermal waste
treatment and associated.
Undertake assessment of applicability of BAT and
BEP 3.3-3 in existing waste incineration plants
including socio-economic assessment, cost- benefits
and/or cost-effectiveness analysis.
3.3-4 Design and implement pilot project on the
applicability of BAT and BEP (starting with CP)
guidance in selected existing waste incineration
plant
3.3-5 Update the national guidelines on BAT/BEP if
necessary
3.3-6 Organize training for responsible institutional
officers and authorities and for plant operators on
BAT/BEP, including CP
MoNRE/
MPWT, MoD,
MIC, MoH,
CP Center
18 Months,
Medium term 2-
5 years/
Waste
management
budget
A compilation of the
BAT/BEP on incineration
and other thermal waste
treatment
A report on the assessment
of the applicable
BAT/BEP on the existing
waste incineration plant
including cost
effectiveness and social
impacts
A report on the
implementation of a pilot
project on the application
of BAT/BEP on a selected
existing waste incineration
facility.
A report on the trainings
for institutional officers
and authorities of plant
operators on BAT/BEP
Action Plan 3.4 Evaluate the possibility of hazardous waste co-incineration in cement plant under BAT& BEP
conditions mercury, GHG, ODS) Activities Implementing
/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost)
Performance Indicators
3.4-1 Establish technical team consisting of plant
owners and relevant state authorities.
3.4-2 Evaluate the possibilities of alternative fuel
use (used tires, PCBs contaminated oils etc.) in the
newly constructed cement plant.
3.4-3 Perform cost-benefit analysis of hazardous
waste co-incineration.
3.4-4 Identify necessary additional measures for
environmentally sound hazardous waste co-
incineration.
MoIT,
selected
cement plant/
MoNRE,
MoIT,PoH,
MPWT, key
stakeholders
Short term 1-2
years/
100,000 $US
A report on the evaluation
of the use of alternative
fuels such as used tires,
PCB contaminated oil , etc
in a newly constructed
cement plant including
cost benefit analysis
A report on identification
of additional measures for
environmentally sound
hazardous waste co-
incineration
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Objective 4: Integrate the unintentional POPs inventory in a general emission inventory and assess
the options of development of a Pollution Release Transfer Register Action Plan 4.1 Assessmenent and potential integration of emission inventories in one database (unintentional
POPs, mercury, GHG, ODS) Activities Implementing
/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost)
Performance Indicators
4.1-1 Assessment of the options of a common
emission inventories in one database (unintentional
POPs, mercury, GHG, ODS)including the option of
developing a Pollution Release Transfer Register
(PRTR)
4.1-2 Identify support tools and equipment for an
integrated inventory database.
4.1-3 Assess other countries experience.
4.1-4 Design a national integrated database on
industrial and other releases including
unintentionally produced POPs
4.1-5 Update unintentionally produced POPs
release inventory at national level for next reporting
period and submit results and disseminate final
result of unintentionally produced POPs release
inventory
4.1-6 Evaluate the situation of POPs reduction and
elimination within general control and reduction of
industrial and other emissions
MoNRE/
MoD, MPI
(National
Statistic
Bureau),
MoH, Local
authorities,
Key
stakeholders
Medium term 2-
5 years
100,000 $US
Here other
activities such
as e.g. mercury
inventory and
update GHG
inventory
should cover
much of the
activity and
funding
A report on the assessment
of the option to have a
common emission
inventory for UPOPs,
mercury, GHG, ODS in
one data base
A report on the design of a
national integrated
database on industrial and
other releases including
UPOPs
An updated inventory of
UPOPs at a national level
Objective 5: Implementation of guidelines on Best Available Techniques (BAT) and Best
Environmental Practice (BEP) to prioritized sources of unintentionally produced POPs Action Plan 5.1 Promote the use of general BAT/BEP in industries (including POPs)and establishment of
BAT/BEP Fund
Activities Implementing/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost)
Performance Indicators
5.1-1 Create the national technical working group
on general BAT/BEP and integrated pollution
prevention and control (IPPC) in close
collaboration with key stakeholders: MoNRE,
NREI,MoIT, the National clean production (CP)
Center, the SME Office and National University;
update the list of industriesand select priority
industriesto use BAT/BEP, starting with CP.
5.1-2 Design, test, conduct, assess and improve
BAT/BEP(initiating CP) training material related
to UPOPs.
MIT, and
SMEs/
MONRE, Local
authorities,
Key
stakeholders
Medium term 2-
5 years*
Budget will be
calculated after
selecting
individual
industries and
BAT/BEP
projects
An updated list of
industries and select
priority industries to use
general BAT/BEP and
integrated pollution
prevention and control
Training materials on the
design, testing, and
implementation of
improved BAT/BEP
related to UPOPs
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5.1-3 Undertake cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness
analysis on BAT/BEP, including CP related to
POPs and its links with climate change
requirements in order to promote the use of
BAT/BEP, including CP in SMEs
5.1-4 Establish BAT/BEP Fund on window under
the Environment Protection Fund in assisting
SMEs on the use of BAT/BEP, including CP.
5.1-5 Monitor, assess, report and improve the
performance of the established BAT/BEP Fund.
5.1-6 Monitor, assess, report and improve
performance of industries on the use of BAT/BEP
(including CP). Appropriate replication of
BAT/BEP related to POPs, including CP trainings
to SMEs at the national level; Continue to assist
SMEs with the economic incentive.
Cost analysis and cost
effectiveness analysis on
BAT/BEP related to
UPOPs and its links to
climate change
A BAT/BEP fund
established to assist SMEs
on the use of BAT/BEP
and a system of monitoring
and assessment of the
performance of the Fund.
A report on the
performance of industries
in reducing UPOPs release
with the use of improved
BAT/BEP practices
3.2.2.6. CROSSCUTTING ISSUES AND MANAGEMENT OF NIP IMPLEMENTATION
Goals: Support to Successful Implementation of the NIP
Overall Objectives: Develop a National Program for the management of NIP Implementation
Key problems:
• The existing Project National Steering Committee and Coordination Unit for the NIP
development process do not have clear mandate to coordinate the realization of the NIP;
• Weak coordination system and limited administrative and management capacity among
stakeholders in particular for NIP’s projects implementation;
• Insufficient capacity in POPs project for raising funds and POPs project proposal
development;
• Lack of policy making evidence related to POPs reduction and elimination;
• Limited capacity in the NIP monitoring, evaluation and reporting system;
• Lack of database management system on chemical issues including POPs and PTS for
information dissemination and distribution;
• Limited communication system related to chemical information exchange including
POPs and PTS at the national, regional, and international level;
• Lack of specific regulation on chemical management including POPs and PTS; and
• No chemical engineering courses being fully conducted at any academic institution in
the country.
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Table 3.2.2.6. Action plans for crosscutting issues in management of the NIP
Objective 1: Strengthening the existing mechanism for efficient and effective management of NIP
implementation. Action Plan 1.1 Improve mandate of the existing national coordinating unit for continuing the NIP
coordination and implementation. Activities Implementin
g/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost)
Performance Indicators
1.1-1 Coordinate policy development on sound
management of chemicals including POPs and
PTS (Persistent Toxic Substance).
1.1-2 Strengthen the administration management
in POPs project implementation.
1.1-3 Assist and support stakeholders in
development of project proposal for funding.
1.1-4 Communicate with stakeholders for NIP
implementation.
1.1-5 Communicate with donor agencies for
assisting NIP implementation.
1.1-6 Undertake NIP monitoring, evaluation,
reporting, and updating.
MoNRE/
MEM, MoH,
MAF, MoIT,
MoD and key
stakeholders
36 Months
A coordination policy for
sound management of
chemicals including POPs
and PTS
Trained personnel in
administration
management, in providing
assistance to stakeholders
in development of project
proposals, in
communication with
stakeholders and donors.
Trained personnel in NIP
monitoring, evaluation,
reporting and updating the
NIP
Action Plan 1.2 Establish and design the National Databases for chemicals, releases (PRTR), wastes and
contaminated sites, including POPs for centralization and exchanging of information
Activities Implementing
/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost)
Performance Indicators
1.2-1 Identify the scope of a National Chemical
Database and design for harmonious integration
of information and dissemination related to
chemical management
1.2-2 Centralize release inventories (GHG,
POPs, mercury, ODS and other) in one database
(pollution release transfer register).
1.2-3 Strengthen capacity of relevant chemicals
management including POPs action plan
implementers how to access the communication
system and how to share POPs information into
the system
1.2-4 Develop plan and apply chemicals data
MoNRE/
MEM, MoH,
MAF,
Stakeholder
36 Months
Defined scope and design
of a National Chemical
Database.
Centralized data on
inventories of release of
chemicals including POPs.
Trained personnel from
relevant institutions
involved in chemical
management in using the
National Chemical Data
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entry including POPs information exchange
strategies and implementation of action plans
regarding the Improvement and Updating of The
National Chemical Database
1.2-5 Disseminate and exchange information on
chemicals management including POPs and PTS
with the stakeholders nationally and
internationally
1.2-6 Development of contaminated site database
(POPs, heavy metals, PAHs, oil).
Base.
Action Plan 1.3 Develop Chemicals and Substances Management Legislation
(Refer to Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals )
Activities Implementing
/
Partner
Agency
Time frame
(No. of Yrs)/
Estimated
Cost)
Performance Indicators
1.3-1 Form technical working group on the
formulation of the Chemicals and hazardous
substances Management Law of Decree; Assess
existing regulation related to chemicals and
hazardous substances management.
1.3-2 Design, test, conduct trainings, and assess
appropriateness of training material related to the
methodology on the formulation of “Hazardous
Chemicals and Substances Management Decree or
Law”.
1.3-3 Formulate “Hazardous Chemicals and
Substances Management Decree or Law”; Conduct
consultation workshops on the“Hazardous
Chemicals and Substances Management Decree or
Law Draft”.
1.3-4 Finalize and submit the final draft of
“Hazardous Chemicals and Substances
Management Decree or Law” for approval .
1.3-5 Publish and disseminate the approved
legislation at the national level. Monitor and assess
the implementation of this approved legislation.
MoNRE/ MoJ,
MoH, MAF,
MoIT, MoD,
and other key
stakeholders
36 months
A report of the TWG on
existing regulations on
chemicals and hazardous
substances management.
A report of the TWG on
the formulation (design,
methodology, appropriate
personnel and training
needs) of the Hazardous
Chemicals and Substances
Management Decree
Law).
Trained personnel to
formulate the Law.
Draft of formulated
Hazardous Chemicals and
Substances Management
Law.
A report on public
consultation on the draft of
the proposed Law.
Finalized version of the
proposed Law for
submission for legislation
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Action Plan 1.4 Promote the conduct of chemical engineering course at targeted academic institutions
Activities Implementing/
Partner Agency
Time frame (No. of Yrs)/
Estimated Cost)
Performance Indicators
1.4-1 Form technical team
on the design of chemical
engineering curriculum to
be fully delivered at the
targeted academic
institutions: National
University of Laos.
1.4-2 Design, test,
conduct, monitors, assess,
report and improve the
chemical engineering
course.
1.4-3 Train trainers on
chemical engineering
course delivery.
1.4-4 Monitor, assess and
report the efficiency of
chemical engineering
course being delivered.
1.4-5 Appropriate
replication of chemical
engineering course at
other academic institutions
as appropriate.
NUOL/ MoNRE,
Engineering Faculty, other
key stakeholders
36 Months
A report of the TWG on
the design of chemical
engineering curriculum at
selected academic
institutions to improve
chemical management
Trained trainers to deliver
the chemical engineering
courses
A report on the efficiency
of the chemical
engineering courses in
achieving their objectives
3.3 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NIP 2016
Lao PDR is among the least developed countries. Effective management of POPs in a
sound environmental manner can be done only with the continuous support and strong
commitment of the international donor community to Lao PDR. For POPs reduction and
elimination efforts under the obligations of the Stockholm Convention, Lao PDR needs financial
support from external sources to augment the in-kind and cash contribution from the Government
of Lao PDR. This financial requirement will support the costs for administration, materials,
equipment, operation, and project management.
The GEF and bilateral donor governments are requested to provide inputs for the effective
implementation of the NIP including experts, consultants, administrative support, office travel,
contractual services, general operating expenses, supplies and materials, office and field
equipment, specialized POPs laboratory equipment, training equipment, study tours, international
conferences and meetings, and in-service and onsite trainings.
In order to improve the capability of Lao PDR to implement its program for the Stockholm
Convention, the government proposed priority projects for capacity building and for reduction
and elimination of POPs (Appendix 2)
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3.3.1 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
For the implementation of untouched activities in the NIP 2010, the total budget needed is
estimated at US Dollars 13,585,000 (Table 3.3.1a) excluding the budget for disposal of obsolete
pesticides and PCBs. In accordance with Article 13 of the Convention, alternate sources of
funding will be considered. Project proposals for the priority action plans in the NIP 2010 have
been prepared. (Appendix 2: Project Profiles for possible technical and financial assistance).
Table 3.3.1. Approximate budget for implementation of action plans in the NIP 2010
Items Approximate Cost, US Dollars
Management of POPs pesticides 2,305,000
Management of PCBs 2,230,000
Management of Unintentionally Produced
POPs
6,600,000
Coordination of activities for NIP
implementation
2,450,000
Total Budget 13,585,000
For the implementation of some action plans listed for PBDEs and PFOS in the NIP
2016, an initial estimate of additional 679,000 US Dollars and 690,000 US Dollars would be
required respectively. The project profiles for the management of these two newly listed POPs
will still have to be prepared. (Note: the figures were culled from the action plan tables)
The Donor input will ideally be provided through the Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment, the National Focal Point. Both bilateral and multilateral assistance can be
incorporated in the implementation of the NIP. The donor inputs for the effective implementation
of the NIP should consider and envisage: experts, consultants, administrative support, official
travel, service contract, general operating expenses, trainings, supplies and materials, equipment
and other miscellaneous items for effective implementation of the NIP.
The Government of Lao PDR through the Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ministry of Industry and Trade, Ministry
of Energy and Mines, and other relevant Ministries will provide the following inputs for the
effective implementation of the NIP:
1. Direct consultations through the technical departments and national consultants
2. Additional technical staff at all levels as may be required
3. Contribution up to 5 percent (ceiling point) of total required budget in cash and/or
in-kind such as office accommodation, stores, infrastructure, salary and wages of
the staff/scientists and other miscellaneous items
FINAL –UPDATED (2016) NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
FOR STOCKHOLM CONVENTION ON POPS
79
3.3.2 TIMETABLE FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF NIP, SECOND FIVE YEARS (2016-2020)
Table 3.3.2 shows a tentative schedule developed for the implementation of the updated
NIP. This schedule is subject to change later when more concrete work plan are discussed among
the steering committee.
Table 3.3.2. Tentative schedule of the implementation of NIP 2015
STAGE
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
I. Priority Projects Proposal For
Funding
Develop new NIP project profiles and
submit to GEF and other donor
institutions
II. NIP Project Development Phase
1. Set-up the project implementation
framework
2. NIP staff selection
3. Site selection for execution of the
project
II. NIP Project Implementation
Phase
1. Site preparation and budget for
project operation
2. Collect relevant data and establish
the National Chemical Database
3. Undertake training program
4. Review and develop national laws,
regulations related to chemical
management including POPs
5. Develop provisional national POPs
management and elimination
strategy
6. Upgrade existing laboratories for
enable POPs analysis
7. Organize POPs awareness raising
campaigns
FINAL –UPDATED (2016) NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
FOR STOCKHOLM CONVENTION ON POPS
80
8. Conduct full POPs inventory
1. Support sound disposal of POPs
2. Support and conduct study and
research on POPs related issues
1. Working with stakeholders on
sound management of POPs and support
program
2. Evaluate, report and update the
NIP
3.3.3 MONITORING, EVALUATION AND REPORTING
The Lao PDR POPs Coordination Unit, through the POPs National Focal Point and
Coordinator will provide all reports to the Secretariat of the Stockholm Convention. These
reports will include the following:
1. Annual Report at the completion of the first year of the NIP and every year thereafter
(or at least biannual)
Each yearly report will contain a narrative assessment that highlights overall
progress in relation to the POPs operational elimination plan. Any specific
achievements and problems will be described in detail, and any situations requiring
special attention from the Secretariat of the Stockholm Convention will also be noted
in the report.
2. Final report after completion of the NIP.
The final report will include an Effective Assessment Report and the Elimination of
POPs Reports. These reports will include the evaluation of the effectiveness of the
implementation of the NIP and an assessment of the social-environmental-economic
benefits of the POPs elimination actions. The reports will also include an assessment
of the effectiveness of the technical assistance and other resources provided by GEF,
by other donors and by the government to sustain a real change in mentality and
behavior of people in all classes with regards to management of hazardous chemicals.
A schedule of release data for implementation of POPs elimination action plan reports
would be made available to all stakeholders, and relevant results would be disseminated to all
interested parties including local community representatives.
1
APPENDICES:
APPENDIX 1. STRATEGY AND ACTION PLANS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
STOCKHOLM CONVENTION LINKED TO THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE GENERAL
CHEMICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
1. Strategy: Identifying, assessment and mitigation of the stockpiles, articles in use and waste
consisting of, containing and contaminated with POPs
Considering the GEF 6 strategies and GEF 2020 POPs, the management of the
stockpiles, articles in use and waste consisting of, containing and contaminated with POPs in a
sound technical manner to ensure safe environment and public health, should be linked to the
management of other hazardous chemicals (mercury, ODS and others Persistent Toxic
Substances (PTS):
Actions:
1- Train technical staff of relevant institutions regularly and to combine with the “on the
job training” on how to identify stockpiles, articles in use and waste consisting of,
containing and contaminated with POPs, and safety measures;
2- Develop strategies, guidelines and safety measures related to the effective
management, safety, healthcare and sound environmental management of stockpiles,
articles in use and waste consisting of, containing and contaminated with POPs and
other hazardous chemicals;
3- Develop identification process for stockpiles, articles in use and wastes consisting of,
containing and contaminated with POPs and other hazardous chemicals;
4- Conduct an identification and assessment of stockpiles, articles in use and wastes
consisting of, containing and contaminated with POPs and other hazardous chemicals;
5- Organize a series of workshops on reviewing strategy development and policy
information for identifying stockpiles, articles in use and waste consisting of,
containing and contaminated with POPs and other hazardous chemicals;
6- Conduct the collection, repackaging, temporary storage and transportation of articles in
use and waste consisting of, containing and contaminated with POPs and other
hazardous chemicals to a safe storage area for disposal;
7- Undertake disposal of the collected stockpiles, articles in use and waste consisting of,
containing and contaminated with POPs and other hazardous chemicals within or
outside Lao PDR, where facilities are appropriate; and
8- Look for possible technical and financial assistance to dispose stockpiles, articles in
use and wastes consisting of, containing and contaminated with POPs, PTS and other
hazardous chemicals in a safe and sound environmental manner.
2 Strategy: Improvement of POPs information exchange
The improvement of the POPs information and information exchange within the national
data system on chemicals will assist Lao PDR in developing an accurate POPs data and
information system, enabling effective information exchange and sharing with concerned
institutions in the region and around the world. The improvement in the data collection and
2
storage of POPs data will result in the improvement of the infrastructure and operation for
collection of data on other chemicals.
Actions:
1. Establish a process for information storage and access of data on POPs related issues in
Lao PDR. This information storage should be within general database of chemicals and
wastes. This information would be available to government institutions and other key
stakeholders to exchange information with all member parties of the convention;
2. Establish a National Chemical (including POPs), Waste and Resource Information
Centre under MONRE (contact agency for the Stockholm Convention) to accommodate
all database systems (chemicals, releases/PRTR, wastes/resources). The information
storage should allow the international (including SC) reporting procedure;
3. Improve the government officers’ knowledge on data collection techniques,
dissemination, use, and analysis of information,
4. Encourage and facilitate the contribution of private sector and other stakeholders in this
information exchange systems;
5. Develop a forum and lines of communication to extend the data collection and use; and
6. Promote public awareness on POPs and other hazardous chemical exposure and
reduction and elimination issues to stakeholders and interest groups, and provide
accurate POPs information through mass media.
3 Strategy: Promote the conduct of POPs and Persistent Toxic Substances (PTS) research
For least developing countries like Lao PDR, capacity to assess POPs and other Persistent
Toxic Substances (PTS) hazards on human health and the environment is limited because of the
lack of basic scientific information and data related with POPs/PTS releases, POPs
concentrations in the environment and in food products. Therefore, the improvement of POPs
management and having scientific evidence to assess the effective implementation of the SC
urgently require the promotion and execution of a POPs research strategy.
Actions:
1. Promote and develop research in the areas of POPs and PTS; Strengthen capacity of
relevant national staff to conduct POPs research;
2. Improve capacity of existing laboratories for enabling POPs analysis as needed;
3. Conduct technical research on POPs residues or/and magnitude of POPs substances in
imported and exported consumer products and the environment and on human health
affected by exposure to POPs; and
4. Initiate the development of alternatives management options in Lao PDR or other
sources of the release of unintentionally produced POPs based on BAT/BEP guidelines
in compliance with national conditions.
3
APPENDIX 2. PRIORITY PROJECTS FOR CAPACITY BUILDING AND FOR
REDUCTION AND ELIMINATION OF POPS
A. Priority projects for POPs pesticides reduction and elimination Project A1: Undertake assessment of existing laws and other technical standards for amendment, and
promotion of effective law enforcement;
Project A2: Strengthening capacity of relevant institutions to prevent the import, trafficking and use of
illegal pesticides;
Project A3: Strengthening capacity in analysis of pesticides focusing on POPs;
Project A4: Raising public awareness on pesticides issues, including POPs pesticides and other obsolete
pesticides;
Project A5: Raising awareness of policy and decision-makers on pesticides issues, including obsolete
pesticides and POPs pesticides;
Project A6: Comprehensive inventory on obsolete pesticides including POPs pesticides;
Project A7: Monitoring process on the trafficking of illegal pesticides, including POPs pesticides;
Project A8: Collecting campaign for temporary storage of obsolete pesticides, including POPs pesticides,
in regional storage depots prior to disposal;
Project A9: Environmentally Sound Management of Obsolete Pesticides including POPs Pesticides
through safe disposal; and
B. Priority projects for PCBs Management Project B1: Develop legal instruments or technical guidelines for managing PCBs;
Project B2: Comprehensive inventory of equipment and accessories containing and contaminated with
PCBs;
Project B3: Environmentally Sound Management for “In Use” Equipment;
Project B4: Assessment of socio-economic aspects for phasing out of electrical equipment and accessories
which contain or are contaminated with PCBs;
Project B5: ESM compliance of the maintenance and repair of electrical equipment;
Project B6: Strengthening laboratory capacity for PCBs analysis;
Project B7: Environmentally Sound Management of “out of use” equipment;
Project B8: Capacity Building and Public Awareness on PCBs issue;
Project B9: Establishment of PCBs database management
C. Priority projects for PBDEs and HBCD containing material management Project C1: Develop legal instruments or technical guidelines for managing PBDEs and HBCD
containing material;
Project C2: Comprehensive inventory of PBDEs and HBCD containing material including relating hot
spots and contaminated sites;
Project C3: Legislation related to sound management of PBDEs and HBCD containing waste (including
import and dispose of old electric/electronic equipment, E-waste and old/out-of-use vehicles);
Project C4: Public awareness raising on PBDEs and HBCD
D. Priority projects for elimination of use and management of materials containing
PFOS, PFOSF and related substances Project D1: Develop legislation for managing materials containing PFOS, PFOSF and related substances
4
Project D2: Comprehensive inventory of PFOS and PFOSF containing material including hotspots and
contaminated sites;
Project D3: Sound management of import and use of PFOS containing materials such as firefighting
forms and hydraulic oils;
Project D4: Legislation and sound management of old hydraulic oil waste ( disposal and treatment); and
Project D5: Public awareness raising on PFOS and PFOSF; and
E. Priority projects for the management of unintentionally produced POPs Project E1: Legislation related to sound management of unintentionally produced POPs;
Project E2: Research on Health Risk Management of Unintentionally POPs Specifically on the
Dioxin/Furan from Agent Orange and Industrial sectors and waste incinerators plants;
Project E3: Institutional strengthening and capacity building for Environmentally Sound Management of
unintentionally produced POPs;
Project E4: Public awareness raising on unintentionally produced POPs;
Project E5: Promotion of sound waste management practices;
Project E6: Promotion of controlled landfills and prevention of uncontrolled burning of waste;
Project E7: Introduction and promotion of BAT & BEP in existing waste incineration plants;
Project E8: Application of BAT & BEP for unintentionally produced POPs operational release sources;
Project E9: Promotion the use of BAT/BEP, including CP in the SMEs;
Project E10: Improvement in medical waste management practices;
Project E11: Inventory of unintentionally produced POPs releases; and
Project E12: Inventory of dioxin and furan hot spots, raising public awareness to protect public from
exposure and prioritization of contaminated sites;
F. Priority projects for the management of POPs contaminated sites Project F1: Formulation of regulatory framework for managing POPs contaminated sites;
Project F2: Establish data base of all existing and potential POPs contaminated sites at nationwide;
Project F3: Capacity assessment for POPs contaminated sites assessment and clean-up program;
Project F4: Conducting remediation studies of POPs chemical contaminated sites; and
Project F5: Carry out clean-up activity of POPs contaminates sites in pilot scale;
Project F6: Public awareness raising on the danger of POPs contaminated sites and possible method to
guide public to avoid health impact from the sites.
G. Management of NIP implementation Project G1: Strengthening Capacity of POPs National Coordinating Unit for continuing the NIP
Coordination and Implementation;
Project G2: Establish and design a Centralized National Chemicals Database including POPs for Effective
Exchange of Information;
Project G3: Chemical Management Law
Project G4: Capacity Building of targeted academic institution on the delivery of chemical engineering
course
5
APPENDIX 3: PROJECT PROFILES FOR POSSIBLE TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL
ASSISTANCE
A. Project Profiles for Reduction and Elimination of POPs Pesticides
1. Project Profile A1: Assessment of Existing Laws
1- Project Title Assessment of existing laws and other technical standards for amendment,
and promotion of effective law enforcement
2- Implementing Agency MAF
3- Co-operational
Agency
MONRE, MoH, MoJ, and other key stakeholders
4- Duration 24 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City
6- Background In Lao PDR, chemical pesticides are managed under Government Regulation
No. 886/MAF dated March 10, 2000 on Management on Pesticide Usage in
Lao PDR. This regulation focuses on pesticides management, especially
importation and exportation. However, this Regulation does not provide the
solid basis required for proper and environmentally-sound pesticide
management.
7- Project Rational Assess and recommend improvements to existing laws regulations. The current
requirements for sound pesticide management have no strong formal status,
because they are based on Government Regulation No. 886/MAF only. The
MAF is responsible for deciding whether or not development requires a
pesticides management law.
8- Project Justification A sound legal basis is a must for sound pesticide management.
9- Project Goal Eliminate the import and use of illegal pesticides including POPs.
10- Objectives Create sound legal basis for pesticide management in Lao PDR through the
amendment of existing legal instruments, or develop new laws to strengthen
pesticide management (including POPs law enforcement)
11- Beneficiaries MAF and other key stakeholders at the national level
12- Activities Formulate a team of legal and environmental specialists to review
existing legislation, and to improve legal instruments related to
pesticides issues;
Update existing legislation or develop new legal instruments for
pesticide management, including POPs;
Develop rules and regulations for implementing the pesticides
management legislation;
Develop technical guidelines on pesticides monitoring and inspection,
including POPs.
13- Estimated Cost US$ 250,000
14- Potential Donors Government of the Lao PDR 5% of total budget (Maximum Level)
Donors: GEF, WB, FAO, UNEP, ADB
6
15- Project Extent Vientiane Capital City and provincial-municipality areas.
2. Project Profile A2: Institutional Capacity Building
1- Project Title Strengthening capacity of relevant institutions in prevention of the import,
trafficking and use of illegal pesticides.
2- Implementing
Agency
MAF
3-Co-operational MONRE, MoH, MIC, MoF
Agency
4- Duration 24 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City
6- Background The current capacity of relevant stakeholders responsible for the prevention of
importation, trafficking and use of illegal pesticides is very limited. It is
impossible to ensure adequate law enforcement under the current structure. Lao
PDR has little recourse for the promotion of law enforcement programs, and
government officials have limited capability in monitoring and inspecting illegal
pesticide trade. Generally, Lao PDR has limited human resources and
inadequate institutional capacity to prevent the import, trafficking and use of
illegal pesticides. Therefore, in order to promote effective enforcement
legislation, Lao PDR needs to strengthen capacity of government officials and
competent authorities’ to enforce the pesticide legislation.
7- Project Rational Implementation of the NIP on a wider scale will be possible following
improvement of capacity and functioning of the relevant stakeholders in law
enforcement.
8- Project Justification Adequate law enforcement is necessary before removal of unwanted obsolete
pesticides stocks can occur in Lao PDR.
9- Project Goal Eliminate the import and use of obsolete pesticides, including POPs.
10- Objectives Create and strengthen capacity of the relevant institutions dealing with obsolete
pesticides, including POP pesticide issues in Lao PDR.
11- Beneficiaries Relevant institutions and Laotian society.
12- Activities Formulate and build national TOT capacity.
Develop training material on the prevention of import, trafficking and
use of illegal pesticides, including POPs and other obsolete pesticides
Organize and conduct training programs for officers, traders and sellers
and other relevant stakeholders.
Widely disseminate the contents of legal instruments on pesticides
management to the officers, traders, sellers and other stakeholders.
13- Estimated Cost US$ 150,000
14- Potential Donors Government of the Lao PDR: 5% of total budget (Maximum Level)
Donors: GEF, WB, FAO, UNEP, ADB
15- Project Extent Countrywide
7
3. Project Profile A3: Strengthening Lab Capacity
1- Project Title Strengthening capacity in analysis of pesticides focusing on POPs.
2- Implementing
Agency
MAF
3-Co-operational
Agency
MONRE, MoH, MIC
4- Duration 18 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City
6- Background Lao PDR has government laboratories and technical infrastructure for analyzing
some parameters, but no capacity for analyzing POPs pesticides.
7- Project Rational Strengthening and upgrading the capacity of laboratories is needed to
allow for the assessment and control of chemicals, to ensure public health and
help preserve the environment.
8- Project Justification In order to be assessing pesticide levels in foods and other products, Lao PDR
needs to be equipped with competent laboratory facilities. Lao PDR has focused
on strengthening capacity for laboratory analyses through upgrading equipment
and other facilities, human resource development, and promoting responsibility
and accuracy in chemical analysis and management. Further improvements
require assistance from the government and donor organizations, because of
limited capacity in both laboratory facilities and technical analytical
capabilities.
9- Project Goal Establishment of a laboratory capable of conducting international-quality
chemical analyses, including POPs pesticides.
10- Objectives Improve capacity of laboratories for pesticide analyses, focusing on
POPs.
Strengthen institutional capacity on identification of obsolete pesticides,
including POPs pesticides.
11- Beneficiaries Laboratory to be selected (to be identified), local Laotian company
12- Activities Improve capacity of laboratory staff in pesticides analysis, with focus
on POPs.
Upgrade laboratory facilities for pesticides analysis, with focus on
POPs pesticides.
13- Estimated Cost US$ 500,000
14- Potential Donors Government of the Lao PDR: 5% of total budget (Maximum Level)
Donors: GEF, WB, FAO, UNEP, ADB
15- Project Extent Vientiane Capital City
8
4. Project Profile A4: Public Awareness Raising
1- Project Title Raising public awareness on pesticides issues, including POPs pesticides
and other obsolete pesticides.
2- Implementing Agency MAF
3- Co-operational
Agency
MONRE and Relevant Civil Society Organizations
4- Duration 24 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City (and other key Provinces )
6- Background General knowledge about pesticides applications, obsolete pesticides
including POPs pesticides, their hazards and acute and chronic effects is
lacking within the public, as information dissemination has not been broad.
7- Project Rational Disseminate knowledge to farmers concerning proper pesticide use, obsolete
pesticides, and alternatives to pesticides. Training on the key issues related to
POPs pesticides will be provided to the governmental institution and civil
society organizations.
8- Project Justification If the general public remains unaware of basic issues related to pesticides use
and alternatives to pesticides, the current situation of improper pesticide
handling and use will continue. Lao PDR presently does not have any
comprehensive POPs pesticides awareness raising programs, nor regulations
requiring farmers to abide by proper procedures of handling, repackaging,
transport and destruction of pesticides.
9- Project Goal Improve knowledge and awareness of the dangers of POPs pesticides to
decision-makers and the general public.
10- Objectives The general public has a complete understanding of all issues related
to pesticide use and handling.
Upgrade the level of understanding of the general public for all issues
related to pesticide use.
11- Beneficiaries Farmers or users, general public, Lao society as a whole.
12- Activities Formulate and undertake dissemination campaigns on pesticide
hazards, and elimination of obsolete pesticides including POPs
pesticides.
Provide information to relevant target groups on alternative pesticides.
Encourage alternative pest control measures to reduce the use of
pesticides in general.
Improve extension workers’ capacity and expand their extension
activities on pesticides issues, including obsolete pesticides and POPs
13- Estimated Cost US$ 150,000
14- Potential Donors Government of the Lao PDR: 5% of total budget (Maximum Level)
Donors: GEF, WB, FAO, UNEP, ADB
15- Project Extent Country wide.
9
5. Project Profile A5: Awareness Raising for Decision Makers
1- Project Title Raising awareness of policy and decision-makers on pesticides issues,
including obsolete pesticides and POPs pesticides
2- Implementing Agency MAF
3- Co-operational
Agency
MONRE, MoH, MoE
4- Duration 12 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City
6- Background High level policy and decision makers have received limited information
about the impact of improper pesticide use on human health and the
environment. Also, most decision-makers are not aware of the Government’s
obligation to comply with the Stockholm Convention. Most decision-makers
have less awareness of the dangers of POPs pesticides than technical staff in
their ministries.
7- Project Rational This project will provide basic information in order to raise awareness for
policy- and decision-makers on pesticide issues, including POPs pesticides.
Comprehensive awareness amongst decision makers will help improve the
country’s ability to manage POPs pesticides.
8- Project Justification The leaders of the country can only be effective decision-makers when they
have sufficient knowledge about the relevant issues. The understanding and
awareness of decision makers is very important in order to control the import,
transport, use and release/disposal POPs pesticides.
9- Project Goal Improve awareness of key decision-makers in the Government regarding the
issue of POPs pesticides, as well as the required steps to ensure compliance
with the Stockholm Convention
10- Objectives All relevant policy makers and decision makers have complete
understanding of pesticide issues, the Stockholm Convention, and the
need for controlling use and disposal of POPs.
Policy makers and decision makers’ knowledge is improved on
pesticides issues including obsolete pesticides and POPs pesticides
11- Beneficiaries Relevant policy makers and decision makers in a number of Government
Ministries, at different levels.
12- Activities Organize forums or workshops for policy- and decision-makers.
Provide information on pesticides risks and hazards to policy- and
decision-makers through various media (PowerPoint, video,
brochures, etc.).
Develop awareness campaigns that can be applied to the Provincial
and District levels, as well as the National level.
13- Estimated Cost US$ 55,000
14- Potential Donors Government of the Lao PDR: 5% of total budget (Maximum Level)
Donors: GEF, WB, FAO, UNEP, ADB
15- Project Extent Provinces and cities countrywide
10
6. Project Profile A6: Obsolete Pesticides Inventory
1- Project Title Comprehensive inventory on obsolete pesticides including POPs
pesticides.
2- Implementing Agency MAF
3- Co-operational
Agency
MONRE, MoH, MIC, Local Authorities
4- Duration 24 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City (Other provinces and cities as necessary)
6- Background There is a lack of sufficient data concerning obsolete pesticides including
POPs pesticides, resulting in the Government not being able to take adequate
measures to protect human health and the environment.
7- Project Rational Execute obsolete pesticides inventory according to international standards.
The POPs pesticides inventory is an essential method to enhance public health
and environmental quality countrywide, to encourage and recognize
stakeholder’s efforts to reduce obsolete pesticides including POPs pesticides
from stockpiles and other sources, a tool to track environmental progress, and
to develop a basis for further decision-making and cooperation between MAF,
relevant organizations, farmers and other stakeholders.
8- Project Justification With sufficient data, the relevant competent authorities will be able to
properly plan and implement adequate actions to reduce the direct impact of
obsolete pesticides on human health and the environment.
9- Project Goal Identify all potential sources and stockpiles of obsolete pesticides including
POPs pesticides.
10- Objectives Collect relevant information through an obsolete pesticides inventory
according to UN standards.
11- Beneficiaries MAF, MONRE, MIC, MoH and Consumers
12- Activities Form inventory team for obsolete pesticides including POPs.
Organize inventory training for the team and develop inventory forms,
guidelines and plan execution of the inventory.
Undertake comprehensive inventory survey covering the whole
country.
Design obsolete pesticides and POPs pesticides database format and
reporting.
Training technical staff on database entry.
Set-up database management system with facilities and data entry.
Develop database document on obsolete pesticides including POPs
pesticides and publicizing.
13- Estimated Cost US$ 350,000
14- Potential Donors Government of Lao PDR 5% of total budget (Maximum Level)
Donors: GEF, WB, FAO, UNEP, ADB
15- Project Extent Countrywide.
11
7. Project Profile A7: Pesticide Monitoring
1-Project Title Monitoring process on the trafficking of illegal pesticides, including POPs
pesticides.
2- Implementing Agency MAF
3- Co-operational
Agency
MONRE, MoH, MIC, MoF, Local Authorities
4- Duration 24 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City
6- Background Currently no legal measures can be taken against illegal pesticide use, as the
monitoring of illegal pesticides (including POPs pesticides) is not undertaken.
Existing chemical management, legal instruments and enforcement are
limited; and. Lao PDR also lacks human resources and monitoring facilities,
which results in ineffective law enforcement.
7- Project Rational Legally sound monitoring will take place with regards to import, trafficking
and trade of illegal pesticides. Administrative measures against illegal
activities will be facilitated and executed.
8- Project Justification In order to implement legally sound management measures, the current illegal
practices and their size and impacts should be known to the decision-makers
and local authorities. Information will enable them to take firm action.
9- Project Goal Eliminate the import and trafficking of obsolete pesticides including POPs
pesticides.
10- Objectives Illegal practices related to pesticide imports, trafficking and use will
be banned.
Ecologically-sound measures related to pesticides management can
then be fully implemented.
11- Beneficiaries Society at large
12- Activities Develop planning for monitoring of importation, trafficking and trade
of illegal pesticides including POPs pesticides.
Undertake regular monitoring and inspection, focusing on the likely
sources and entry points of illegal pesticides, including POPs
pesticides.
Facilitate and support administrative measures, including confiscation
of illegal products and storage in Government-owned storage sites, for
any illegal action related to import/trafficking of pesticides banned by
law.
13- Estimated Cost US$ 350,000
14- Potential Donors Government of the Lao PDR : 5% of total budget (Maximum Level)
Donors: GEF, WB, FAO, UNEP, ADB
15- Project Extent Countrywide
12
8. Project Profile A8: Temporary storage of obsolete pesticides
1-Project Title Collection campaign for temporary storage of obsolete pesticides,
including POPs pesticides, in regional storage depots prior to disposal.
2- Implementing Agency MAF
3- Co-operational
Agency
MONRE, MoH, Local Authorities
4- Duration 18 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City
6- Background The operational collection and storage of obsolete pesticides, including POPs
pesticides, has not been put into practice. Obsolete pesticides are not currently
disposed using sound environmental procedures. The provisions of regulation
No 0886/MAF dated March 10, 2000 “does not include provisions for
obsolete pesticide disposal.
Lao PDR has not yet conducted detailed planning with regards to the
obligations under the Stockholm Convention concerning preparation of
collection campaigns for temporary storage of obsolete pesticides (including
POPs pesticides) in regional storage depots prior to disposal Planning is
required for conducting environmental impact assessments, as well as for the
repackaging, collection and transport of obsolete pesticides from individual
storage sites to temporary regional depots.
7- Project Rational Under the preparatory collection campaign for temporary storage of obsolete
pesticides including POPs pesticides in regional storage depots prior to
disposal, Lao PDR should consider and develop a detailed plan and
recommendations with respect to:
Assessment of the environmental impact of proposed projects, subject
to decision by a competent government authority and likeliness to
cause significant adverse impact through the obsolete pesticides
collection campaign,
Provide/receive information, study relevant information and
consultation between parties with respect to such subjects; and
Costs for intensive field activities need to be properly planned and
managed.
8- Project Justification Prior to collection and repackaging, a detailed intervention plan should be
drawn up in order to carry out field activities in an efficient way.
9- Project Goal Properly prepare for collection, storage and future disposal of obsolete
pesticides, including POPs pesticides.
10- Objectives Ecologically sound management measures of obsolete pesticides
including POPs pesticides can be determined and carried out by the
relevant institutions.
A detailed work plan to repackage, collect and transport identified
obsolete pesticides stocks is drawn up and supported by the relevant
institutions.
11- Beneficiaries General public, especially those in rural agricultural areas
12- Activities Undertake an environmental impact assessment on the collection and
storage of obsolete pesticides including POPs pesticides.
Prepare technical guidelines on the environmentally sound collection,
repackaging, transportation and temporarily storage of obsolete
13
pesticides, including POPs pesticides.
Establish or improve safe regional temporary storage facilities and
area(s) for handling obsolete pesticides including POPs pesticides
13- Estimated Cost US$ 500,000
14- Potential Donors Government of the Lao PDR : 5% of total budget (Maximum Level)
Donors: GEF, WB, FAO, UNEP, ADB
15- Project Extent Countrywide.
9. Project Profile A9: National wide disposal of obsolete pesticides
1-Project Title Environmentally Sound Management of Obsolete Pesticides including
Pops Pesticides through safe disposal
2- Implementing Agency MAF, MoE
3- Co-operational
Agency
MONRE, MoH, MoIC, MoPT
4- Duration 36 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City
6- Background Based on the pilot project achievements on the disposal of a limited amount of
obsolete pesticides, Lao PDR seeks to promote the adoption of sound
environmental cleaning and disposal technology to apply to the whole
country. Identified obsolete pesticide storage areas will be cleaned up and
repackaged obsolete pesticides will be eliminated.
7- Project Rational All identified stores and locations containing obsolete pesticides including
POPs pesticides in inappropriate disposal site will be cleaned up. The
activities of the Lao pesticides management team are to promote and
implement policies and practices for the disposal of all obsolete pesticides,
including POPs pesticides. In the disposal process, the competent authority is
empowered to consider and develop recommendations regarding clearing,
repackaging, transporting and destruction.
8- Project Justification Obsolete pesticides including POPs pesticide storage sites and inappropriate
disposal sites are considered to be ‘hot spots’ with regards to potential
environmental pollution and threat to human health. As such, these sites must
be cleaned up and collected hazardous wastes should be adequately handled.
This project is conducted at the national, provincial and local levels and
involves governments, companies and NGOs. At the same time, there is also a
very strong interest in promoting sound environmental technology and
technological capacity throughout the country.
9- Project Goal Dispose of existing POPs pesticides, and eliminate the import and use of
obsolete pesticides.
10- Objectives Eliminate stockpiles of obsolete pesticides, including POPs pesticides.
Implement full commitments and obligations of Lao PDR under the
Stockholm Convention in reduction and elimination of all obsolete
pesticides including POPs pesticide stockpiles.
Assist government officials countrywide responsible for obsolete
pesticide disposal to identify appropriate and environmentally-sound
technology.
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11- Beneficiaries The population of Lao PDR and the rest of the world community.
12- Activities Provide training to staff involved in the project.
Identify and procure the required international standard packaging
materials.
Develop a plan for repackaging and transport to regional temporary
storage depots.
Repackage obsolete pesticides, clean up all stores and transport the
repackaged stockpiles and wastes consisting of contaminated
materials or obsolete pesticides, including POPs pesticides, to
regional temporarily storage depots.
Select international contractor for the international transport and
disposal of all repackaged pesticide stockpiles.
Export repackaged obsolete pesticides stockpile for elimination
outside the country in a dedicated hazardous waste disposal facility.
13- Estimated Cost (Depending on the outcome of the inventory)
14- Potential Donors Government of Lao PDR: 5% of total budget (Maximum Level)
Donors: GEF, WB, FAO, UNEP, ADB
15- Project Extent Countrywide
B. Project Profiles for the Management of PCBs
1. Project Profile B1: Development of Legal Instruments
1-Project Title Develop legal instruments or technical guidelines for managing PCBs
2- Implementing Agency
MEM
3- Co-operational Agency MONRE, MIC, Stakeholders
4- Duration 24 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City
6- Background The Lao PDR recognizes that establishing legislation is critical component of
an overall PCB management strategy. Lao PDR has not yet developed any
regulations specifically targeted at managing PCBs. Presently, PCBs are
managed according to provisions outlined in the hazardous waste section of
the Environment Protection Law. Compliance with the Stockholm, Basel and
Rotterdam conventions will require the enactment of new laws and technical
guidelines in many areas of operation, including the management of PCBs.
7- Project Rational Potentially exposed populations in Laos include workers in factories and
workshops, warehouses, and electrical power plants, who may be exposed
because of a lack of training and protective safety equipment. The health of
individuals handling waste oil (potentially contaminated with PCBs) is also at
risk. In general public awareness about the potential environmental and
health hazards associated with PCB’s needs to be raised. A safer and
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healthier work environment should result.
8- Project Justification To date, compliance monitoring with respect to proper handling of PCBs has
not been undertaken because existing legislation does not specifically cover
PCBs or equipment contaminated with PCBs. There are no specific acts or
legal instruments for the management of PCBs as it is a new environmental
issue in Lao PDR. However, there are general provisions for the management
of hazardous wastes as stated in Environment Protection Law. Better defined
laws and regulations will assist authorities to develop more effective
management plans.
9- Project Goal Improve the environmental management of electrical equipment and
accessories containing or contaminated by PCBs. Management strategies
should include the entire life-cycle of process and products and comply with
objectives as per the Stockholm Convention.
10- Objectives Develop specific regulations for the effective management of PCBs.
Regulate electrical equipment (new and used/decommissioned) and
accessories that either contain or are contaminated with PCBs.
11- Beneficiaries Electrical equipment users and stakeholders.
12- Activities Form a legal and technical working group comprising all PCBs
stakeholders.
Study existing legal instruments related to PCBs management for
further development of legal instruments or guidelines.
Develop PCBs management legal instruments, guidelines or technical
standards as necessary.
Organize a workshop for consultation and receipt of comments on
draft legal instruments in advance of submission to the government
for approval.
13- Estimated Cost US$ 250,000
14- Donors Government of the Lao PDR: 5% of total budget (Maximum Level)
Donors: GEF, EU, ADB, WB, Canada POPs Fund, GTI, and JICA
15- Project Extent Vientiane Capital City and other Provinces-Cities
2. Project profile B2: PCBs Comprehensive Inventory
1-Project Title Comprehensive inventory of equipment and accessories
containing and contaminated with PCBs.
2- Implementing Agency MONRE & MoEM, EDL
3- Co-operational
Agency
Provincial and municipality Electricity Unit, Lao Electricity Company (EDL),
Private companies
4- Duration 24 months
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5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City
6- Background Based on a preliminary inventory, equipment and accessories that are
potentially contaminated by PCB’s have been identified. The preliminary
inventory report consisted of a broad review of all potential problem areas but
has not prioritized them yet because of time constraints, lack of trained
personnel and other resources including analytical facilities. A
comprehensive inventory will focus on public information dissemination, and
improve the quality of information on the nature and quantity of PCBs in Lao
PDR.
7- Project Rational Completing a PCB inventory is important to reduce health risks and improve
environmental quality in Laos, particularly given the large numbers of
transformers and other electrical equipment in use throughout the country. A
PCBs inventory will encourage and acknowledge stakeholder efforts to
improve overall management of transformers and other potentially
contaminated equipment, and develop a basis for further decision-making and
future cooperation between MEM, relevant institutions, civil organizations,
and workers.
8- Project Justification Ensure compliance with obligations as per the Stockholm convention. A
comprehensive inventory will improve the management of PCBs by providing
accurate information on the extent and nature of the PCB contamination
problem.
9- Project Goal Improve management of electrical equipment and accessories that contain or
are contaminated with PCBs, to ensure compliance with the Stockholm
Convention.
10- Objectives Establish the extent of PCB contamination of electrical equipment and
accessories in Laos.
Clearly identify the owners of transformers or contaminated electrical
equipment and accessories.
Develop a database of information related to electrical equipment and
accessories that may be contaminated with PCBs.
Establish environmentally sound management practices for
contaminated equipment/oils.
11- Beneficiaries Electrical equipment users and stakeholders.
12- Activities Pilot Project:
Form inventory team and review existing inventory report.
Develop methodology and identify gaps in preliminary inventory.
Develop a plan for a detailed inventory.
Conduct comprehensive inventory (including testing, classifying,
labeling registering, etc.) of in-use electrical equipment and articles
containing or contaminated with PCBs at selected pilot project areas.
Complete pilot inventory report.
Organize workshop for stakeholders to present findings of the pilot
inventory
Comprehensive Inventory Project:
The same process as for the pilot inventory project will apply for the
comprehensive inventory project phase. Comprehensive inventory
will cover all provinces and municipalities. Main activities will
include designing inventory forms, site inspections and sampling,
laboratory analysis.
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13- Estimated Cost US$ 250,000
14- Donors Government of the Lao PDR: 5% of total budget (Maximum Level)
Donors: GEF, EU, ADB, WB, Canada POPs Fund, GTI, and JICA
15- Project Extent All provinces and municipalities
2. Project Profile B3: Management of PCB Equipment (in use)
1-Project Title
Environmentally Sound Management for “In Use” Equipment
2- Implementing Agency MEM
3- Co-operational
Agency
MONRE, Provincial and Municipal Electricity Unit, EDL, and private
companies
4- Duration 18 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City
6- Background After conducting the national preliminary inventory, PCBs were predicted to
be found in more than 50% of the transformers in use throughout the country.
These transformers were imported at different periods, are different ages and
continue to be used. In general, Lao PDR uses old transformers and the
dielectric fluid from old transformers is sometimes used for retro-filling new
transformers. The preliminary inventory also found evidence of leaking
transformers that are not being managed properly to minimize potential PCB
contamination. Most importantly, economic pressure results in the use of old
transformers through repairing and recycling. Furthermore, there are neither
specific institutions, policies or regulations dealing with ESM management of
in-use electrical equipment and other devices containing or contaminated with
PCBs.
7- Project Rational Governmental officers and workers of relevant enterprises will be trained in
ESM management. Transformers, workshops, warehouses, and power plants
and all in-use equipment (including dielectric based equipment) will be
managed according to ESM principles.
8- Project Justification Ensure implementation of environmentally sound management practices to
minimize environmental and health risks associated with PCB’s including;
using retention tanks to contain dielectric leaking, decommissioning of
transformers with high corrosion, ensure dielectric fluids are analyzed for
PCBs before repairs are made to old equipment. The project will provide
practical ESM concepts and technology to improve compliance with
obligations under the Stockholm Convention related to the management of
PCBs.
9- Project Goal Improve environmental management of electrical equipment and accessories
containing or contaminated with PCBs to ensure compliance to obligations as
per the Stockholm Convention.
10- Objectives Extend lifetime of existing transformers with ESM compliance.
11- Beneficiaries Electrical equipment users and stakeholders.
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12- Activities Identify contaminated sites (including workshops, stations,
substations, and pole mounts) for prioritizing ESM.
Undertake ESM at selected sites.
Develop protocols to avoid repair of transformers contaminated with
PCBs.
Complete inventory of electrical equipment containing or
contaminated with PCBs.
Develop strategy to reduce the number of electrical equipment
containing or contaminated with PCBs.
Develop and implement PCBs reduction demonstration (pilot) project.
13- Estimated Cost US$ 250,000
14- Donors Government of the Lao PDR: 5% of total budget (Maximum Level)
Donors: GEF, UNIDO, EU, ADB, WB, Canada POPs Fund, GTI, and JICA
15- Project Extent Countrywide
4. Project profile B4: Socio-economic Assessment
1-Project Title Assessment of socio-economic aspects for phasing out of electrical
equipment and accessories that contain or are contaminated with PCBs
2- Implementing Agency MEM
3- Co-operational
Agency
MONRE, EDL
4- Duration 24 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City
6- Background Due to economic constraints within Lao PDR there is pressure to keep old
transformers in operation without proper maintenance at a high environmental
risk. This project seeks to collect and exchange data related to (potential)
PCB contamination, and develop and apply appropriate social mitigation
strategies. This assessment project will be implemented based on experience
gained during ESM, in particular findings from the PCBs inventory report.
7- Project Rational To systematically identify the main risk elements associated with PCBs in
Laos; and to prioritize potential problems related risk categories, describe
consequences of PCBs use; provide basic information for ESM about the life
cycle of PCBs.
8- Project Justification Socio-economic assessments are an important tool for decision makers. They
help to assess the social and economic costs and benefits of keeping
transformers in use or phasing them out. This assessment project could
improve the use of PCB equipment with and describe the socio economic
costs and benefits. This project will assess possible PCBs management
options by means of socio-economic cost/benefit analysis in order to ensure,
that implementation of the Stockholm Convention in Lao PDR will be socially
and economically feasible.
9- Project Goal Environmentally effective management of electrical equipment and
accessories that contain or are contaminated with PCBs as per the Stockholm
Convention.
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10- Objectives Establish basic methods for decision-making related to the phasing out or
continued use of PCB contaminated electrical based on a socio-economic
analysis.
11- Beneficiaries
Electrical equipment users and stakeholders.
12- Activities Phase 1: Pilot assessment phase
Form a working group of stakeholders.
Plan pilot risk assessment project by selection of a representative
population sample.
Undertake socio economic and cost-benefit assessments at different
sites.
Identify priority socio-economic risks.
Organize demonstration workshops to present risk assessment results
to stakeholders in order to improve assessment methodology (see
Phase 2).
Phase 2: Full assessment
Form a working group of stakeholders
Develop plan for complete risk assessment
Conduct complete site assessment
Identify issues of complete risk assessment
Organize demonstration workshop to present risk assessment result to
the stakeholders for comments.
13- Estimated Cost US$ 200,000
14- Donors Government of the Lao PDR : 5% of total budget (Maximum Level) Donors:
GEF, UNIDO, EU, ADB, WB, Canada POPs Fund, GTI, and JICA
15- Project Extent
All provinces and municipalities
5. Project profile B5: ESM Compliance for electrical equipment
1-Project Title
ESM compliance of the maintenance and repair of electrical equipment
2- Implementing Agency
MEM
3- Co-operational
Agency
MONRE, EDL
4- Duration 18 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City
6- Background In Lao PDR, PCBs have been detected in electrical equipment. The presence
of PCBs in transformers and oil residues is a threat to both the human health
and environment. In general, there is a lack of ESM and poor
maintenance/repair of electrical equipment. Key problems identified so far
are; contaminated dielectric oils that are used to refill old transformers without
proper management, resulting in heating, spilling and leaking; improper
disposal of equipment contaminated PCBs; and easily accessible PCBs
contaminated sites (workshops, warehouses, etc). A primary cause for this
situation is the lack of control mechanisms for PCBs in the workplace.
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7- Project Rational Maintenance and repair activities of electrical equipment containing or
contaminated with PCBs requires sound management.
8- Project Justification The project will conduct an assessment of maintenance and repair activities
for electrical equipment, suggest mechanisms for upgrading or repairing
facilities, recommend decontamination of specific PCB contaminated
materials and contaminated sites.
9- Project Goal Improve the environmental management of PCB contaminated equipment
and/or sites as per the Stockholm Convention.
10- Objectives Improvement of ESM for the repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
11- Beneficiaries Countrywide
12- Activities Undertake assessment of decommissioned electrical equipment and
other material that is potentially contaminated with PCB’s, and
prioritize what material should be targeted for destruction (either in-
country or at a regional facility).
Undertake assessment of health and environmental impact issues.
Upgrade existing electrical equipment and investigate
decontamination of existing equipment (if technically appropriate),
recommend additional equipment to avoid PCB cross contamination
and personal protective equipment (PPE).
Build institutional capacity, undertake training of maintenance and
repair technicians related to PCB ESM issues (health, environment
issues)
13- Estimated Cost US$ 300,000
14- Donors Government of the Lao PDR: 5% of total budget (Maximum Level) Donors:
GEF, UNIDO, EU, ADB, WB, Canada POPs Fund, GTI, and JICA
15- Project Extent Throughout Lao PDR
6. Project profile B6: Strengthening Laboratory Capacity
1-Project Title Strengthening laboratory capacity for PCBs analysis
2- Implementing Agency MONRE –EDL
3- Co-operational
Agency
MONRE, MEM
4- Duration 24 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City
6- Background In Lao PDR, no laboratory is currently able to analyze for PCBs. Human
resources and facilities for PCB analyses are not available in Lao PDR. No
laboratory in the country can determine PCBs concentrations or even
positively verify the presence of PCBs. PCBs analyses require specialized
analytical equipment and trained staff. During the preliminary inventory,
Screening Test Kits were used to provide an overall concentration of chlorine
in dielectric oil but could not identify the presence of individual PCB
congeners.
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7- Project Rational The capacity of laboratory staff selected for PCBs analyses needs to
be strengthened.
The capacity of laboratories (facilities, equipment and materials)
needs to be strengthened in order to conduct PCB analyses.
Information on PCBs concentration in electrical equipment needs to
be compiled, disseminated, and made available.
Laboratories are required to identify PCBs in electrical equipment and
at contaminated sites for ESM, and also to support a comprehensive
inventory.
8- Project Justification This project aims to improve the capacity of laboratories for PCB analyses,
including staff training. This is required in order to manage PCB
contamination issues in Lao PDR. In the absence of analytical capability, no
monitoring is possible.
9- Project Goal Enhance the health and safety of Lao residents by improving the management
of PCB contaminated equipment and sites. Ensure compliance with the
Stockholm Convention.
10- Objectives Segregate PCB equipment into contaminated and non-contaminated groups.
Ensure that maintenance and repair only occurs on non-contaminated
equipment to ensure compliance with the Stockholm Convention.
11- Beneficiaries EDL, electrical equipment holders, warehouses, and relevant governmental
Institutions
12- Activities Provide and strengthen laboratory staff capacity for PCBs analysis
Assessment of existing laboratories and analysis capacities
Provide PCB analysis equipment
Provide information to stakeholders
Upgrade laboratory facilities for analyzing PCBs
13- Estimated Cost US $250,000
14- Donors Government of the Lao PDR : 5% of total budget (Maximum Level) Donor:
GEF, UNIDO, EU, ADB, WB, Canada POPs Fund, GTI, and JICA)
15- Project Extent National Laboratory (at WREA)
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7. Project profile B7: ESM management for “out-of-use” equipment
1-Project Title Environmentally Sound Management of “out of use” equipment
2- Implementing Agency MEM
3- Co-operational
Agency
MONRE, MEM, EDL
4- Duration 24 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City
6- Background Lao lacks appropriate management of out-of-use of equipment and wastes
containing or contaminated with PCBs. Laos also lacks secure storage and
disposal facilities. Activities causing the release of PCBs into the
environment that have impacts on human health include the dismantling and
sale of used transformers to scrap metal collectors. Furthermore, there is no
secure storage for out-of-use equipment.
7- Project Rational There is inadequate information and data for stakeholders on out-of-
use electrical equipment and wastes contaminated with PCBs.
ESM of out-of-use of electrical equipment, articles and waste
containing and/or contaminated with PCBs need to be developed.
A strategy for the elimination of out-of-use of electrical equipment
and wastes contaminated with PCBs need to be developed and
implemented.
8- Project Justification The project will collect data and undertake consultations with relevant parties
on how to improve management of out-of-use of equipment and wastes
contaminated with PCBs. The project will examine the potential for
upgrading storage sites and operational facilities that are contaminated with
PCBs. The final outcome of this project will be a comprehensive strategy for
the elimination of out-of-use of electrical equipment and wastes contaminated
with PCBs.
9- Project Goal Manage in an environmentally sound manner all electrical equipment and
accessories that contain or are contaminated with PCBs throughout their
lifecycle as per the Stockholm Convention.
10- Objectives Develop strategy for the elimination of out-of-use of electrical equipment and
wastes contaminated with PCBs
11- Beneficiaries Electrical equipment users and stakeholders.
12- Activities Form technical working group (stakeholders).
Train electrical officers and stakeholders in environmentally sound
management practices for out-of-use equipment (handling,
transportation, storage, dismantling, pre-treatment, shipment of used
PCB to out of country disposal facilities).
Develop strategy for ESM destruction of out-of-use electrical
equipment and wastes contaminated with PCBs (handling,
transportation, storage, dismantling, pre-treatment and final disposal).
Identify storage sites and facilities for keeping out-of-use of electrical
equipment and wastes containing or contaminated with PCBs in an
environmentally sound manner.
Establish storage sites for keeping out-of-use of electrical equipment
and wastes containing and/or contaminated with PCBs in an
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environmentally sound manner.
Take action to centralize the out-of-use of electrical equipment and
wastes containing and/or contaminated with PCBs in an
environmentally sound manner.
Quantify out-of-use electrical equipment and wastes containing or
contaminated with PCBs that should be destroyed.
Conduct feasibility study for the destruction/disposal in the country or
out of the country.
Organize national conclusion workshop (strategy, assessment result,
financial mechanisms, evaluation cost…).
13- Estimated Cost US $350,000
14- Potential Donors Government of the Lao PDR: 5% of total budget (Maximum Level) Donors:
GEF, UNIDO, EU, ADB, WB, Canada POPs Fund, GTI, and JICA
15- Project Extent Electric utilities in Lao PDR
8. Project Profile B8: Capacity Building and Awareness Raising
1-Project Title Capacity Building and Public Awareness on PCBs issue
2- Implementing Agency MONRE
3- Co-operational
Agency
MEM, EDL
4- Duration 24 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City
6- Background Awareness of potential health and environmental concerns related to PCBs
contamination is relatively new in Lao PDR. The country lacks of laws or
guidelines for managing PCBs. Different stakeholders have different levels of
awareness. Amongst electric managers and officers, knowledge of PCBs and
principles for ESM are inadequate. The relevant electrical equipment users
(both government and private) also lack capability to adequately maintain and
manage in-use and out-of-use transformers (leak, spillage, etc.). Technical
staff and workers are directly in contact with electrical equipment/materials
containing dielectric fluid without personal protective equipment, and are not
aware of the risks resulting from exposure to PCBs.
7- Project Rational A manual on PCBs risk issues and personnel safety needs to be
developed.
The capacity of electrical staff working with electrical equipment/
material containing dielectric fluid will be strengthened.
Knowledge and information on PCBs hazards and risks needs to be
widely provided and disseminated.
8- Project Justification This project aims to comply with the Stockholm Convention with regards to
public health and the environment. The project will raise PCBs awareness and
promote awareness with policy makers in the government. Decisions are
ultimately a political responsibility, but must be based on the best socio-
economic choices. Stakeholders’ participation in the action plan is also
required.
24
9- Project Goal Improve environmental management of electrical equipment and accessories
containing or contaminated with PCBs until their end of life or the deadline
set under the Stockholm Convention.
10- Objectives Reduce the risk to health and environmental from PCB contamination for all
electrical stakeholders and the public.
11- Beneficiaries Electrical equipment users, stakeholders and the public.
12- Activities Identify the fields of information and awareness to be provided to
stakeholders.
Develop educational materials about the hazards of PCBs and how to
manage PCB’s and publicize.
Organize training on the sound management of PCBs at the national
and provincial levels.
Organize workshops on PCBs issues for all stakeholders.
13- Estimated Cost US$ 200,000
14- Potential Donors Government of the Lao PDR: 5% of total budget (Maximum Level)
Donors: GEF, UNIDO, EU, ADB, WB, Canada POPs Fund, GTI, and JICA
15- Project Extent Throughout Lao PDR
9. Project Profile B9: PCBs Database Management
1- Project Title Establishment of PCBs database management
2- Implementing Agency MONRE
3- Co-operational
Agency
MEM, EDL
4- Duration 24 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City
6- Background A PCBs database is a new concept and does not currently exist in Laos.
However, the PCBs database experience from UNEP/GEF or from other
countries may assist in verifying and crosschecking PCBs for ESM.
7- Project Rational Access to information about PCB contaminated equipment needs to
be improved.
In-use electrical equipment and materials that either contain or are
contaminated with PCBs need to be properly identified, classified,
labeled and registered.
Need to ensure that in-use electrical equipment and materials
containing or contaminated with PCBs are stored in an
environmentally sound manner.
Need to integrate the results of the PCB inventory and comprehensive
assessment with other hazardous chemical inventories (e.g. dioxins).
8- Project Justification As Lao PDR has limited capacity in hazardous chemical management,
establishing a database could offer significant benefits in terms of cost savings
and access to information. Laos has limited capability in database design, so
coordination and cooperation with existing reference PCBs databases should
be investigated. In order to comply with the Stockholm convention, Lao PDR
needs to improve awareness about and access to information about PCBs.
25
9- Project Goal Improve environmental management of electrical equipment and accessories
containing or contaminated with PCBs as per the Stockholm Convention.
10- Objectives To ensure the efficient tracking and management of all PCB contaminated
materials and equipment.
11- Beneficiaries MONRE, MEM, EDL, Research Institutions
12- Activities Design database framework.
Build and test database.
Input available data from inventory and assessment.
Network and integrate with other hazardous chemical programs.
Improve information sharing and distribution.
13- Estimated Cost US$ 180,000
14- Donors Government of the Lao PDR: 5% of total budget (Maximum Level) Donors:
GEF, UNIDO, EU, ADB, WB, Canada POPs Fund, GTI, and JICA
15- Project Extent Vientiane Capital City
C. Project profiles for the management of unintentionally produced POPs
1. Project Profile C1: Legislation Development for Unintentionally Produced POPs
1- Project Title Legislation related to sound management of unintentionally produced
POPs
2- Implementing Agency MONRE
3- Co-operational
Agency
MoJ, MIT, MEM, MoH, and other concerned stakeholders
4- Duration 36 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City
6- Background The Stockholm Convention aims to reduce unintentionally produced POPs
releases, as well where feasible, ultimately to eliminate unintentionally
produced POPs. Its major goal is to protect human health and the environment
against the adverse effects of POPs. Lao PDR signed the Stockholm
convention on 5 March 2002 and Ratified on June 28, 2006. A National
Implementation Plan under the Stockholm Convention (NIP) has been
developed with GEF/UNEP support, describing how Lao PDR will meet its
obligations under the Convention.
To date, Lao PDR has not enacted any specific regulations regarding the
management of unintentionally produced POPs.
7- Project Rationale Current legislation in Lao PDR is not sufficient for sound management of
unintentionally produced POPs, as required under the Stockholm Convention.
The project's rationale is:
Relevant legislation will be revised or developed.
Unintentionally produced POPs management guidelines are available.
Legislation related to, and guidelines for, the management of
unintentionally produced POPs are enforced.
More understanding and awareness about the relevant laws and other
legal instruments are disseminated and promoted.
The reduction of unintentionally-produced POPs releases will be more
effective.
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8- Project Justification Compliance with the Stockholm Convention’s obligation with regards
to unintentionally produced POPs releases.
Creation of the necessary legal framework, including procedures for
inventory, monitoring, assessment and enforcement.
9- Project Goal Initially to reduce, and eventually to eliminate, the release of unintentionally
produced POPs.
10- Objectives Create legal framework for sound management of unintentionally
produced POPs.
Undertake assessment of the existing legal framework.
Amend/develop relevant laws, regulations, and policies.
Develop necessary enforcement documents (guidelines)
Promote understanding and awareness raising on developed legal
instruments relevant to sound management of unintentionally
produced POPs.
11- Beneficiaries
Direct beneficiaries: state administration.
Indirect beneficiaries: population of Lao PDR; also, contribution to global
efforts to minimize releases of POPs.
12- Activities Undertake assessment of laws and policies related to management of
unintentionally produced POPs:
Review existing legal and policy instruments.
Assessment of legal and policy instruments.
Identify gaps, and requirements for development of laws and policies
on management of unintentionally produced POPs. Amend existing
laws related to the management of unintentionally produced POPs or
develop new laws/policies.
Form legal team.
Conduct a training course on legislation for management of
unintentionally-produced POPs.
Organize national workshop on current situation of laws and policies
related to the management of unintentionally produced POPs.
Develop guidelines for the sound management of unintentionally
produced POPs (BAT/BEP)
Study the available relevant guidance documents on BAT & BEP.
Identify and prioritize relevant source categories.
Develop national guidelines on the sound management of
unintentionally produced POPs.
Introduce and disseminate the developed guidelines to all stakeholders
through meetings or workshops.
13- Estimated Cost US$ 300,000
14- Donors Government of the Lao PDR: 5% of total budget (Maximum Level)
Donors: GEF, UNIDO, WB, FAO, UNEP, ADB
15- Project Extent Country wide
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Project Profile C2: Research on Health Risk Management of Unintentionally POPs
Specifically on the Dioxin/Furan from Agent Orange and Industrial sectors and waste
incinerators plants.
1- Project Title Research on Health Risk Management of Unintentionally POPs
2- Implementing Agency Ministry of Public Health and MONRE
3- Co-operational
Agency
NUOL, concerned research institutes, and key stakeholders at the central and
provincial levels
4- Duration 24 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City and other major cities
6- Background In the Lao P.D.R, Unintentionally Produced Dioxins/Furans releases generally
are not well understood. The presence of Unintentionally Produced
Dioxins/Furans is a new issue and concern to Lao PDR. The public and
private sectors generally have a very low level of awareness regarding
dioxins/furans. The survey of national industries concluded that few
industries in Lao PDR use air pollution control devices, recycling technology,
or other measures to protect the environment and public health. Hospital and
other hazardous waste incinerators and cremation practices in Lao PDR –
potentially one of major sources of dioxin and furan releases, are poorly
studied. People working in factories and incinerators have very limited
knowledge on health environment and safety. In addition to that, knowledge
of the potential harmful effects from Agent Orange dioxin applications is
almost non-existent at the District and village level.
Tons of domestic waste is generated annually and only parts of them are
properly collected and dumped at the landfill sites. The uncontrolled burning
of domestic and other waste is wide spread throughout the country. Most
people use burning as the most convenient disposal method and therefore most
of the waste that could be burnt ends up being burnt either at home or at the
dump sites. It is also poorly studied about its total PCDD and PCDF release
and impact on human health and environment.
7- Project Rationale PCDD/PCDF releases cannot be reduced without the requisite knowledge of
the stakeholders whose collective actions are necessary to bring about the
required changes in behavior and practice. Knowledge about the releases will
lead to the better appreciation of the need for action. This should include
willingness to commit needed resources - human, financial, institutional,
material - necessary for the efficient management of PCDD/PCDF releases.
8- Project Justification Compliance with the Stockholm Convention obligation with regards to
minimization of unintentionally produced POPs releases, and promotion of
BAT & BEP in existing sources, as well as with the obligation under the Basel
Convention with regards to implementation of sound waste management
practices. Availability of adequate data/information on unintentionally
produced POPs releases to support the national policy related to POPs.
Therefore, there is an imperative need to undertake research on health risk
assessment related to UPPOPs for further providing scientific
data/information and pertinent suggestions to policy makers on the appropriate
ways to address the POPs issues in the country.
28
9- Project Goal Reporting human health and environment risk from all key sources of PCDDs
and PCDFs for further effective policy implication in addressing the POPs
related problems.
10- Objectives Promote and develop methodology on the “human risk assessment
and management” appropriately to the real needs and situation (socio-
economic) of the country;
Build capacity of concerned Lao scientists and researchers in using
the above mentioned methodology for further appropriate replication
in the country and in hazardous chemicals and substances
management in general; and
To provide scientific and pertinent suggestions to concerned policy
makers for further appropriate decisions in proper POPs management
and phasing out.
11- Beneficiaries Direct beneficiaries: Concerned Lao staff, scientists and researchers,
relevant central and provincial authorities, affected people and
targeted vulnerable groups
Indirect beneficiaries: Lao people, private sector, mass organizations
and civil societies
12- Activities Conduct preliminary human health and environment risk assessment:
For the research team
Desk study, selection of the study targeted areas and persons,
preparation of the field work, test the field questionnaire form
Train the enumerators, test and improve the field questionnaire form
Conduct the field study. Assess what is the range of incremental
health risk due to inhalation of ambient air to residents who live in an
area influenced by a typical air emission. Define what is the range of
incremental health risk to human receptors due to other indirect
exposure pathways (e.g., soil ingestion, fugitive dust inhalation,
dermal contact) arising from air contaminant emissions and deposition
of contaminants from a typical emission source. Assess to what
extent could the above mentioned parameters to be mitigated by
implementing proposed mitigation and management measures.
Compile and analyze field data result
Report the study outputs. Conduct consultation workshop on the draft
of the Study Report. Finalize, publish and disseminate the Study
Report to key stakeholders through different means as appropriate;
and
Monitor and assess the implication of the Study Report.
13- Estimated Cost US$ 400,000
14- Donors Government of the Lao PDR: 5% of total budget (Maximum Level)
Donors: GEF, GTI, UNIDO, WB, FAO, UNEP
15- Project Extent Countrywide
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Project Profile C3: Institutional Capacity Building
1- Project Title Institutional strengthening and capacity building for Environmentally
Sound Management of unintentionally produced POPs
2- Implementing Agency MONRE
3- Co-operational
Agency
MAF, MEM, MoH, MPI, NGOs,
4- Duration 36 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City; provinces
6- Background Unintentionally produced POPs are a new concept for all management levels
in Lao PDR. The country has no experts on unintentionally produced POPs.
Presently, Laotian officials have only been trained to work in the field of
Dioxin/Furan inventory. Capacity of all governmental institutions involved in
unintentionally produced POPs management, as well as in implementation of
international conventions, is poor (due to lack of human resources; technical
guidelines, and monitoring laboratories). All levels of government, from
technical staff to experts at the highest levels, including decision makers, have
limited capacity and no technical skills related to POPs management. Lao
PDR also lacks analytical capacity and adequate laboratory facilities for
assessing and monitoring POPs.
7- Project Rationale Institutional capacity building for sound management of
unintentionally produced POPs will be strengthened at the national
and provincial/municipality levels.
Technical skills of relevant competent institutional officers will be
improved through training, meetings and dissemination workshops.
8- Project Justification Need for compliance with the Stockholm Convention with regards to
minimizing releases of unintentionally produced POPs.
Need to strengthen the capacity of the state administration to enforce
the legislation related to sound management of unintentionally
produced POPs.
9- Project Goal Improved capacity of national, provincial and local authorities for
management of unintentionally produced POPs.
10- Objectives Strengthen the institutions responsible for effective enforcement of
legislation related to sound management of unintentionally produced
POPs.
Strengthen the institutions and build capacity necessary for sound
management of unintentionally produced POPs.
11- Beneficiaries Direct beneficiaries: state administration.
Indirect beneficiaries: population of Lao PDR; contribution to global
efforts in reduction of unintentionally produced POPs.
30
12- Activities Develop and strengthen the capacity to manage problems related to
unintentionally-produced POPs:
Form technical team and core trainer on unintentionally produced
POPs.
Develop training material.
Provide appropriate information on unintentionally produced POPs to
decision-makers.
Strengthen institutional capacity of authorities responsible for
implementation of legal instruments and guidelines relevant to sound
management of unintentionally produced POPs.
Improve the technical skill of the technical team.
13- Estimated Costa US$ 450,000
14- Donors Government of the Lao PDR: 5% of total budget (Maximum Level)
Donors: GEF, UNIDO, WB, FAO, UNEP, ADB)
15- Project Extent In all provinces-cities of Lao PDR
3. Project Profile No C4: Public Awareness Raising
1- Project Title Public awareness raising on unintentionally produced POPs
2- Implementing
Agency
MONRE
3- Co-operational
Agency
MEM, MAF, MIC, MPI, MoH, MoE, NGOs, Private Sector.
4- Duration 24 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City; provinces
6- Background In Lao PDR, the raising of public awareness on unintentionally
produced POPs has not been implemented yet in the print media,
television, and radio. Information regarding unintentionally produced
POPs, their release and hazards, are not covered in the news. At the
same time, specialized education on the dangers of unintentionally
produced POPs is not available. Informal education programs
implemented by government institutions and civil organizations have
included raising awareness of chemicals, risks and safe use of
chemicals, including pesticides, chemicals fertilizers, and chemical
substances accumulated in food. However, public awareness is low
regarding unintentionally produced POPs and their impact on human
health and the environment. Lao PDR recognizes that governmental
institutions have little understanding about the potential hazards
unintentionally produced POPs, and their impacts on human health and
the environment.
31
7- Project Rationale Lack of public awareness regarding potential POPs releases, and the
hazards associated with practices such as uncontrolled open burning,
use of waste materials as fuel for household cooking, etc. were
recognized in the NIP as one of the priority environmental problems in
Lao PDR. At the same time, indoor pollution is recognized also by
WHO as one of the major health stressors in least-developed countries.
Raising awareness with regards to potential hazards connected with
these practices, as well as about possible alternatives, is essential to
mitigate these hazards and to protect the affected public, in particular
the most vulnerable population groups, such as women and children.
8- Project Justification Need for compliance with obligations under the Stockholm Convention
with regards to minimization of unintentionally produced POPs
releases.
Need for cessation of hazardous practices, such as uncontrolled burning
of biomass and waste, as well as reduction of indoor pollution caused
by using of improper fuels for household cooking.
9- Project Goal
Raise awareness amongst all levels of society, especially the rural poor,
related to the need to reduce and eliminate the release of unintentionally
produced POPs.
10- Objectives Create awareness of the general public about potential hazards
associated with uncontrolled burning and household cooking, as
well as about possible alternatives, and mitigate the resulting
adverse health effects.
Develop and implement awareness raising programs on
potential health impacts of unintentionally produced POPs, and
possible alternatives.
11- Beneficiaries Direct beneficiaries: General public, in particular the most vulnerable
population groups, such as women and children.
12- Activities Develop and implement awareness raising program on health impact of
unintentionally produced POPs, and possible alternatives:
Develop awareness raising program
Develop documents and information materials in Lao language
and according to Lao culture.
Organize awareness raising campaigns on reduction of
unintentionally produced POPs to be released through mass
media and through community-based consultations. This
includes working directly with poor communities, schools and
vulnerable people, focusing in particular on uncontrolled
burning of wastes, household cooking using improper fuel and
waste management based on the 3R principles.
13- Estimated Cost US$ 300,000
14- Donors Government of the Lao PDR: 5% of total budget (Maximum Level)
Donors: GEF, UNIDO, WB, EU, FAO, UNEP, ADB, GTI, JICA
15- Project Extent In all provinces-cities of Lao PDR
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4. Project Profile C5: Sound Waste Management
1- Project Title Promotion of sound waste management practices
2- Implementing Agency MONRE, Selected Provinces and Cities
3- Co-operational
Agency MAF, MEM, MOIC, MPWT, MoH, MPI, MoE
4- Duration 24 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City; provinces
6- Background This project provides an introduction and encourages sound waste
management practices in Lao PDR. It is intended as an introduction to
environmental problems, waste management policy issues, and solutions
associated with the Stockholm Convention requirements. The Stockholm
Convention regulates the elimination of the POPs production and use, as well
as ongoing minimization and, where feasible, ultimate elimination of
unintentionally produced POPs. Its major goal is to protect human health and
environment against adverse effects of POPs. Lao PDR signed the Stockholm
convention on 5 March 2002 and ratified on June 28, 2006. Lao PDR’s efforts
to manage waste and reduce waste generation have made progress, but many
problems of waste management practices still remain.
7- Project Rationale Waste management is a dilemma which requires government's consideration.
Pollution and waste management are serious emerging issues related to
unintentionally produced POPs. Sound waste management practices will be
undertaken in Lao PDR to meet its obligations under the Stockholm
Convention. Poor waste management practices, such as uncontrolled open
burning, are recognized as priority problems in Lao PDR. An effective
alternative to waste burning is the overall reduction of the amount of produced
waste through the implementation of sound waste management practices such
as recovery, reuse and recycling, as well as through waste separation
practices.
Improving of landfill management practices and prevention of uncontrolled
burning are undertaken in separate projects. This project focuses on the
reduction of the overall amount of produced waste through the
implementation of the 3R principles.
8- Project Justification Need for compliance with the Stockholm Convention obligation with
regards to minimization of unintentionally produced POPs release, as
well as with the Basel Convention with regards to overall waste
reduction and implementation of sound waste management practices.
It is essential that bad waste management practices, such as
uncontrolled burning of waste in backyards and on landfills, be
eliminated as soon as possible.
9- Project Goal Through sound waste management practices, reduce and eliminate the release
of unintentionally produced POPs.
10- Objectives Overall reduction of the produced waste through implementation of
sound waste management practices.
Develop guidelines on sound management of wastes (including 3R
principles and waste separation practices)
11- Beneficiaries General public
33
12- Activities Introduce and encourage sound management of wastes including 3R
principles and waste separation practices:
Establish technical team for sound waste management.
Study available guidance documents on sound waste management
practices.
Provide countrywide training on waste management guidelines
implementation involving local authorities and stakeholders.
Design and implement pilot project on environmentally sound
waste management.
Revise the guidelines if necessary
Undertake awareness raising on 3R principles for the general
public and at the grassroots level through integration into existing
governmental and NGO programmes.
13- Estimated Cost US$ 400,000
14- Donors Government of the Lao PDR: 5% of total budget (Maximum Level)
Donors: GEF, UNIDO, WB, EU, FAO, UNEP, ADB, GTI, JICA.
15- Project Extent In all provinces-cities of Lao PDR
5. Project Profile C6: Sound Management of Landfills
1- Project Title Promotion of controlled landfills and prevention of uncontrolled burning
of waste
2- Implementing Agency MONRE-DPC, Selected Provincial and Municipal Local Authorities
3- Co-operational
Agency
MAF, MEM, MoH, MPWT, Private Sectors
4- Duration 24 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City; provinces
6- Background Lao PDR has not developed any effective waste reduction policy and
programs, and does not have an integrated system of treatment facilities.
There remain critical waste management issues for which landfills are the only
feasible disposal option. This project will promote the effective control of
landfills and prevent the uncontrolled burning of waste. Lao PDR needs safe
landfills as an important part of waste management policy. Presently,
comprehensive facilities do not yet exist. Lao PDR intends to promote the role
of controlled landfills as a proportionally greater interim method. Prevention
of uncontrolled burning of waste by both the regulatory authorities and side
management needs to be considered. Implementation of this project activity
will reduce unintentionally produced POPs generation through the
improvement of landfill management.
34
7- Project Rationale Poor waste management practices, such as uncontrolled open burning, are
recognized as one of the priority problems in Lao PDR. Effective alternative
to waste burning is the overall reduction of the amount of produced waste by
implementation of sound waste management practices, such as recovery, reuse
and recycling (the 3R principle), as well as through waste separation practices.
To prevent uncontrolled burning of waste in the landfills, better management
practices have to be implemented, aiming at conversion of uncontrolled
landfills to controlled ones. This project focuses on improving landfill
management practices, in particular prevention of uncontrolled burning.
8- Project Justification Need for compliance with the Stockholm Convention obligation with
regards to minimization of unintentionally produced POPs release, as
well as with the Basel Convention with regards to the implementation
of sound waste management practices.
Need for cessation of bad waste management practices, such as
uncontrolled burning of waste in backyards and in landfills.
9- Project Goal Reduce and eliminate the release of unintentionally produced POPs through
better waste management practices, recycling, and controlling burning of
waste.
10- Objectives Prevention of bad waste management practices, in particular
uncontrolled burning of wastes.
Convert uncontrolled landfills to controlled ones.
11- Beneficiaries Direct beneficiaries: General public and provincial and municipal authorities.
12- Activities Improve landfill management (prevent uncontrolled burning)
Establish technical team for landfill assessment
Conduct municipality and provincial landfill assessment
Develop landfill management program
Conduct training course on landfill management with the municipality
and provincial authorities
Design and implement municipal and provincial landfill management
pilot project
13- Estimated Cost
US$ 350,000
14- Donors Government of the Lao PDR: 5% of total budget (Maximum Level)
Donors: GEF, UNIDO, WB, EU, FAO, UNEP, ADB, GTI, JICA.
15- Project Extent Selected provincial and municipal landfills
35
6. Project Profile C7: Introduce BAT and BEP for Waste Incinerators
1- Project Title Introduction and promotion of BAT & BEP in existing waste
incineration plants
2- Implementing
Agency
MONRE
3- Co-operational
Agency
MAF, MEM, MoH, MoPT, MoE, MoDF NGOs
4- Duration 24 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City; provinces
6- Background The Stockholm Convention regulates the reduction of unintentionally
produced POPs releases where feasible, with the ultimate goal of
elimination of unintentionally produced POPs. Its major goal is to
protect human health and the environment against the adverse effects of
POPs. In order to prevent or minimize POPs releases, the following
measures need to be promoted: proper waste handling, good
combustion, avoidance of formation conditions, capturing of POPs that
are formed and handling residues appropriately. BAT & BEP will
introduce and promote implementation of existing waste incineration
plants.
7- Project Rationale Presently, some waste incineration plants are in operation. These are
located in major hospitals, garment factories and municipal landfills.
Almost all of them utilize poor technology and follow poor
environmental management practices. In some garment factories, heat
is recovered to produce steam for ironing.
This project focuses on best possible improvement of waste
incineration and introduction of feasible environmental management
practices in the existing waste incineration plants by introduction of
suitable BAT & BEP.
8- Project Justification Compliance with the Stockholm Convention obligations with regards to
minimization of unintentionally produced POPs releases, and
promotion of BAT & BEP in existing sources, as well as with the
obligation under the Basel Convention with regards to implementation
of sound waste management practices.
9- Project Goal Reduce and eliminate the release of unintentionally produced POPs
through application of BAT and BEP.
10- Objectives Improvement of waste incineration in existing facilities.
Introduction and promotion of BAT & BEP in existing waste
incineration plants.
11- Beneficiaries Direct beneficiaries: Operators of the waste incineration plants;
neighboring residents
Indirect beneficiaries: General public (Contribution to global
efforts of unintentionally produced POPs release minimization).
12- Activities Introduction and promotion of BAT & BEP in existing waste
incineration plants (municipal and industrial waste) Establish technical
team in waste incineration Study information and existing guidelines
36
related to BAT and BEP and other guidelines to be adopted by the COP
for environmentally sound waste incineration Undertake assessment of
applicability of BAT and BEP in existing waste incineration plants
(including socio-economic assessment) Design and implement a pilot
project on the applicability of BAT and BEP guidelines in an existing
waste incineration plant Update/amend the national guidelines on best
available techniques (BAT) and best environmental practice (BEP) if
necessary Provide training to responsible governmental institutional
officers and authorities on best available techniques (BAT) and best
environmental practice (BEP).
13- Estimated Cost US$ 200,000
14- Donors Government of Lao PDR: 5% of total budget (Maximum Level)
Donors: GEF, UNIDO, WB, EU, FAO, UNEP, ADB, GTI, JICA.
15- Project Extent Selected one province or city
7. Project Profile C8: Introduce BAT and BEP for POPs Releases
1- Project Title Application of BAT & BEP for unintentionally produced POPs
operational release sources
2- Implementing
Agency
MONRE
3- Co-operational
Agency
MAF, MEM, MOIC, MoH, MPI, MoD
4- Duration 30 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City; provinces
6- Background The Stockholm Convention regulates the elimination of POPs
production and use, as well as ongoing minimization and, where
feasible, ultimate elimination of unintentionally produced POPs. A
preliminary POPs inventory in 2004-2005 identified significant
unintentionally produced POPs release sources, such as uncontrolled
waste burning, and small-scale fuel burning practices.
This project focuses on unintentionally produced POPs release sources
and considers ways on how to implement guidelines on BAT and BEP
in safe landfills. This project will assist Lao PDR in controlling
unintentionally produced POPs releases in a cost effective way for more
effective protection of public health and the environment.
7- Project Rationale The industrial sector in Lao PDR is characterized mostly by small-scale
industry, utilizing poor technologies and environmental management
practices. Most factories are small-scale, and utilize wood as fuel.
This project focuses on best possible improvement of the relevant
processes and feasible environmental management practices in the
existing installations by introduction of suitable BAT & BEP, in
particular by promoting the most appropriate fuels. Socio-economic
cost benefit analysis will be necessary to minimize the burden on the
general public.
37
8- Project Justification Compliance with the Stockholm Convention obligation with regards to
minimization of unintentionally produced POPs releases, and
promotion of BAT & BEP in existing sources.
9- Project Goal Reduce and eliminate the release of unintentionally produced POPs.
10- Objectives Improvement of techniques and practices in existing facilities
Introduction and promotion of BAT & BEP in existing
industrial plants
11- Beneficiaries Direct beneficiaries: Operators of the waste incineration plants;
neighboring residents.
Indirect beneficiaries: General public (Contribution to global
efforts of unintentionally produced POPs release minimization).
12- Activities Introduce and effectively implement guidelines on best available
techniques (BAT) and best environmental practices (BEP) to the release
sources of unintentionally produced POPs:
Establish technical team in unintentionally produced POPs
release management
Study information and existing guidelines related to BAT and
BEP and other guidelines to be adopted by the COP
Undertake assessment of applicability of BAT and BEP in
existing industries installations (including socio-economic
assessment)
Design a pilot project on the applicability of BAT and BEP
guidance in selected priority source categories
Implement the pilot project on the applicability of BAT and
BEP guidance in selected industrial facilities
Update/amend national guidelines on best available techniques
(BAT) and best environmental practice (BEP) if necessary
Provide training to responsible authorities and to plant
operators on best available techniques (BAT) and best
environmental practice (BEP)
13- Estimated Cost US$ 500,000
14- Donors Government of the Lao PDR: 5% of total budget (Maximum Level)
Donors: GEF, UNIDO, WB, EU, FAO, UNEP, ADB, GTI, JICA.
15- Project Extent Selected province or city
38
Project Profile C9: Promotion the use of BAT and BEP in the Small-Medium Enterprises
(SMEs) trough the economic incentives
1. Project Title Promotion the use of BAT/BEP in the SMEs and creation of
BAT/BEP Fund
2. Implementing
Agency
MONRE
3. Co-operational Agency MOIC, MoH, MAF, SMEs, LCoC
4. Duration 36 months
5. Project Location Vientiane Capital City (Project coverage - Country-wide)
6. Background The concept of BAT/BEP is new to Lao PDR to the Government and
Private Sectors. This concept will be promoted and implemented as
appropriate in the SMEs operation.
7. Project Rationale In 2005, study showed that the release of unintentional POPs (UPOPs)
was found in 3 main areas, namely steel manufacturing, textile, and
recycle battery Recycling. Regardless of strong willingness to apply
BAT/BEP, SMEs has never implemented any environmentally sound
techniques in their process. This is due to the lack of capacity, resources
and information as well as the absent POPs related regulations. Along
with economic incentives, SMEs required assistance from the Government
on the viable technologies on the minimization of POPs release,
BAT/BEP information and Fund
8. Project Justification The Revised Environmental Law promotes the application of
Environmental Sound Technology such as Clean Technology and Clean
Production in the SMEs. Therefore, it is essential to a. Strengthen
capacity to the concerned government agencies as well as public sectors
on the importance of BAT/BEP b. Draft rules and regulations on POPs,
especially on BAT/BEP. c Establish BAT/BEP Fund to assist SMEs carry
out BAT/BEP 9. Project Goal To promote the use of BAT/BEP in SMEs at national level in order to
ensure minimum release of POPs and impacts on health of the population,
which will contribute to the implementation of the National
Implementation Plan (NIP) as well as National Growth and Poverty
Action Strategy (NGPAS) 10. Objectives Strengthen SMEs’ capacity on BAT/BEP
Formulation and adoption of regulations related to the use of
BAT/BEP
Creation of the BAT/BEP Fund to support SMEs
11. Beneficiaries Direct Beneficiaries: SMEs, Local Communities, and Concerned
Government Agencies at Local and National Level
Indirect Beneficiaries: Contribution to global efforts of POPs
release minimization and sustainable development.
12. Activities Key stakeholders consultation, formulation and undertake their
capacity strengthening needs
Develop guidelines/training materials
Conduct trainings for various target groups ( management, levels,
39
training of trainers and Public/Private Sector)
Evaluation of training
Improve training materials
Promote awareness raising program on POPs and BAT/BEP
Review existing BAT/BEP regulations
Formulation of BAT/BEP regulations related to all 3 sectors
Consultation workshops on the first and final drafts of the
regulation.
Publication, dissemination and implementation of the regulations
Develop guidelines for BAT/BEP Fund establishment and Fund
operationalization
Monitoring and Assessment of the Fund
Monitoring and Assessment of project implementation progress
and reporting (quarterly)
Establish Steering Committee which will report to POP’s Steering
Committee
13. Estimated Cost US $ 1,000,000
8. Project Profile No C10: Sound Management of Medical Waste
1- Project Title Improvement in medical waste management practices
2- Implementing Agency MoH
3- Co-operational
Agency
MONRE, MoD, MoPWT
4- Duration 24 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City; provinces
6- Background Medical waste management in Lao PDR is a dilemma which requires initiative
at the national level. Pollution and medical waste management are serious
emerging matters which need to be solved urgently. Existing legislation and
administration is inadequate and WREA, as well as the Ministry of Health,
have made recommendations with respect to the transfer of responsibilities,
possible management structure, legislation and administrative measures.
7- Project Rationale According to the NIP project findings, some level of medical waste
management system is in place, implemented by the Ministry of Health.
Hazardous medical waste such as infectious material, syringes, needles and
surgical waste is segregated and incinerated at one major hospital facility, and
at one minor facility. There are no medical waste incinerators outside of
major city centres.
This project aims at improving the current medical waste management
practices, in particular to ensure efficient segregation of the hazardous portion
at source, as well as disposal of medical waste under existing conditions in the
best possible environmentally sound manner.
40
8- Project Justification Compliance with the Stockholm Convention obligation with regards to
minimization of unintentionally produced POPs releases, and promotion of
BAT & BEP in existing sources, as well as with the Basel Convention with
regards to implementation of sound waste management practices.
9- Project Goal Reduce and eliminate the release of unintentionally produced POPs associated
with medical waste incineration.
10- Objectives Improvement of medical waste management practices.
Review and improvement of medical waste management plan.
11- Beneficiaries Direct beneficiaries: Hospitals, general public
12- Activities Reviewing and improvement of current medical waste management practices:
Establish technical team in medical waste management
Study existing medical waste management guidelines and information
related to BAT and BEP
Undertake review and assessment of existing medical waste
management practices with regards to the above guidelines, including
socio-economic analysis
Update medical waste management practices as necessary
Design a pilot project on the applicability of the updated guidelines
for medical waste management
Implement the pilot project in selected hospitals
Revise the medical waste management plan if necessary
Provide training to relevant stakeholders to facilitate broad
implementation of the medical waste management plan
13- Estimated Cost US$ 300,000
14- Donors Government of the Lao PDR: 5% of total budget (Maximum Level)
Donors: GEF, UNIDO, WB, EU, FAO, UNEP, ADB, GTI, JICA.
15- Project Extent Selected provinces or cities
9. Project Profile C11: Inventory of Unintentionally Produced POPs
1- Project Title Inventorisation of unintentionally produced POPs releases
2- Implementing agency MONRE
3- Co-operational Agency MAF, MEM, MoH, MPI
4- Duration 24 months
5- Project Location Countrywide
6- Background The preliminary inventory of unintentionally produced POPs provided basic
data and information related to the release sources and amounts released. The
first inventory data and information is insufficient, as limited funding was
available to do a thorough inventory of all possible release sources. This
project will review the results from the first inventory, identify the potential
of unintentionally produced POPs release sources, and determine more
accurate release figures using comprehensive approaches and more inventory
facilities. Currently the lack of sufficient data concerning unintentionally
produced POPs results in the Government not being able to take adequate
measures to protect human health and the environment. If this project is
funded by donors, Lao PDR will be able to fulfill the gaps identified in the
41
first inventory, create a new inventory to protect human health and the
environment, and also to comply with the Stockholm Convention
requirements. Note that a separate project specifically oriented towards
dioxin/furan inventory, has been identified (Project #10 below); dioxins are
treated separately, given the unique nature of dioxin exposure in Lao PDR
from historical Agent Orange and other herbicide applications during the
American war in the 1960’s and 70’s.
7- Project Rationale Unintentionally produced POPs release inventories are necessary to
quantify the pressures on human beings and the environment, as well
as to develop abatement strategies and priorities policies and
measures for the main source categories (sectors) in a cost-effective
way. They are also essential to monitor the effectiveness of
implemented policies and measures in terms of reduced or avoided
emissions. The unintentionally produced POPs release inventory was
elaborated in 2004 within the NIP framework.
This preliminary inventory has to be revised with regards to the
original data and information submitted to the Stockholm
Convention secretariat, and to evaluate future unintentionally
produced POPs release trends.
8- Project Justification Need for compliance with the Stockholm Convention obligation with
regards to reporting about unintentionally produced POPs releases
and their future trends.
Current lack of adequate (and updated) data on unintentionally
produced POPs releases to support the national policy related to
POPs.
9- Project Goal Collect accurate inventory data to help reduce and eliminate the release of
unintentionally produced POPs.
10- Objectives Ensure adequate inventory data are available on unintentionally
produced POPs releases, to verify main sources and future trends.
Undertake revision of the preliminary unintentionally produced
POPs release inventory.
Update the unintentionally produced POPs release inventory and
verify accuracy of data collected.
11- Beneficiaries Direct beneficiaries: Governmental institutions and stakeholders
12- Activities Undertake comprehensive release inventory of unintentionally
produced POPs (Note that dioxins/furans are to be addressed
separately under a specific Project as described in #11 below).
Form inventory team
Review existing inventory reports
Identify support tools and equipment required for inventory
Conduct unintentionally produced POPs release inventory update
Design national unintentionally produced POPs database
Evaluation of unintentional POPs release reduction and elimination
13- Estimated Cost
US$ 400,000 (excluding costs for Dioxin/Furan inventory)
14- Donors Government of the Lao PDR: 5% of total budget (Maximum Level)
Donors: GEF, UNIDO, WB, EU, FAO, UNEP, ADB, GTI, JICA.
15- Project Extent Countrywide
42
11. Project Profile C12: Inventory of Dioxin and Furan Hot Spots, Raising Public
Awareness to Protect Exposed Communities, and Identification of Clean-up Priorities
for Contaminated Sites
1- Project Title Inventory of Dioxin and Furan Hot Spots, Raising Public Awareness to
Protect Public from Exposure and Prioritization of Contaminated Sites
2- Implementing Agency MONRE, MOD
3- Co-operational
Agency
Ministry of Defense (needed to assist with sample collection at current Lao
PDR military installations, and former US military installations)
4- Duration 30 months
5- Project Location
Countrywide, with a focus on southern provinces. Preliminary sites that
should be investigated include: Phongsaly, Luang Namtha, Oudomxay, Houa
Phanh, Xieng Khouang, Vientiane, Bolikhamxay, Khammouane,
Savannakhet, Salavan, Sekong and Attapeu
6- Background The preliminary inventory of dioxins and furans in Lao PDR identified a
number of areas where Agent Orange applications occurred along the former
Ho Chi Minh trail. Agent Orange was a 50/50 mixture of 2, 4, 5-
dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and 2, 4, 5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
(2, 4, 5-T) with TCDD being an initially unknown contaminant of the
manufacturing process for 2, 4, 5-T. The TCDD congener was the only dioxin
found in the contaminated 2, 4, 5-T production process, and is characteristic of
Agent Orange and any other defoliant where 2, 4, 5-T was a constituent.
Agent Orange and other herbicides were used extensively by US armed forces
in Laos and Viet Nam, in the 1960s; the operation, code-named Ranch Hand,
expanded in 1965 and 1966, and was terminated in 1971. Approximately
2,000,000 litres of herbicides, with the vast majority being Agent Orange,
were applied over 163,000 acres of Laotian territory during the American
War. Agents Blue, White and other unknown agents were also used during the
war (quantities unknown).
Of primary concern if former military installations (bases, camps, staging
areas) where Agent Orange and other herbicides were applied. Work
conducted in Viet Nam has identified these areas as potential hotspots,
requiring mitigation measures for protection of local communities, and public
awareness campaigns to reduce exposure of potentially affected populations.
A number of suspected hotspots exist in Lao PDR, based on the initial
inventory. These include: Phongsaly, Luang Namtha, Oudomxay, Houa
Phanh, Xieng Khouang, Vientiane, Bolikhamxay, Khammouane,
Savannakhet, Saravanh, Sekong and Attapeu
Further monitoring of environmental media (soils, sediments, and animal
tissues such as fish and waterfowl) in suspected hotspot areas, in addition to
collection of blood/breast milk samples and epidemiological data from local
residents, is required in future to fully address this issue in Lao PDR. Current
levels of awareness of the local population to dioxin contamination are low,
and there is evidence that dioxin hotspots may exist in several areas of Lao
PDR.
This project will review the results from the first dioxin/furan inventory
conducted in Lao PDR, identify the potential of unintentionally produced
43
dioxin and furan release sources, and determine exact locations of potential
dioxin hotspots. The lack of data concerning potential dioxin hotspots results
in the Government not being able to take adequate measures to protect human
health and the environment. If this project is funded by donors, Lao PDR will
be able to fulfill the gaps identified in the first inventory, develop a
comprehensive inventory which would go a long way to protect human health
and the environment, and also to comply with the Stockholm Convention
requirements.
7- Project Rationale More detailed dioxin/furan inventory data, particularly from suspected
hotspots, is required to protect the rural poor from potential exposure
to these toxic chemicals.
The preliminary dioxin/furan inventory needs to be revised with
regards to the original data and information submitted to the
Stockholm Convention secretariat, and to identify areas requiring
remediation and clean-up;
Timing is critical for completion of detailed interviews with Lao war
veterans regarding historical Agent Orange applications and locations
of potential dioxin hot spots in Lao PDR. In five years, much
information will be lost, as veterans are now in their 60’s or older.
8- Project Justification Several areas of Lao PDR may contain dioxin hotspots, which must
be identified to protect the local communities from further
contamination. Many of these suspected hotspots are in rural areas
where incidence of poverty is high, and awareness about potential
contamination from dioxins is non-existent;
Need for compliance with the Stockholm Convention obligation with
regards to reporting about dioxin and furan levels in the environment,
and their future trends.
Current lack of adequate (and updated) data on dioxin/furan releases
to support the national policy related to POPs.
9- Project Goal Collect accurate inventory data to help reduce and eliminate exposure of the
rural population to dioxins and furans.
10- Objectives Ensure adequate inventory data are available on dioxins and furans, to
verify main sources and future trends.
Undertake revision of the preliminary unintentionally dioxin and
furan inventory.
Update the dioxin and furan inventory, identify suspected hotspots
and verify accuracy of data collected.
Protect local communities, particularly rural poor, from potential
exposure to dioxins and other toxic chemicals from the American war
era.
11- Beneficiaries Direct beneficiaries: Local communities living in suspected hotspot areas;
Governmental institutions and other stakeholders
12- Activities Review existing data on dioxin/furan from the initial POPs inventory;
Work with Government stakeholders, including WREA and Ministry
of Defense, to identify potential dioxin hotspots;
Conduct field investigations and sampling for dioxins and furans at a
number of suspected hotspot locations, including: Dakcheung District
(Sekong Province), in addition to former US bases in Savannakhet,
Saysomboune District, and also in the provinces of Phongsaly, Luang
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Nam Tha, Oudomxay, Houa Phanh, Xieng Khouang, Khammouane
Bolikhamxay and Attapeu (areas not investigated in the initial
inventory). Sampling will include soils, sediments, fish tissues, and
potentially blood and breast milk from people residing in suspected
hotspot areas;
Conduct detailed interviews with local residents in Central and
Southern Lao PDR combined with additional site surveys of Agent
Orange impacted areas to provide a comprehensive overview of the
dioxin situation;
Elevated dioxin levels in spray plane crash sites (especially in
Savannakhet, Saravane and Sekong) may have impacted health of
villagers retrieving metal scrap and for Lao/US missing in action
(MIA) recovery teams working at these sites
Should high dioxin levels be detected, mitigation measures will be
needed to reduce potential exposure of the population to dioxins. This
could include community awareness raising campaigns, and
recommendations for physical remediation of sites;
Awareness raising programs will be conducted to help improve local
people’s understanding of potential human health effects in dioxin
hotspot areas of Lao PDR. Currently, most people are unaware of the
historical or current health threats from exposure to Agent Orange
dioxin hotspots
13- Estimated Cost
US$ 2,000,000 – much of this cost is associated with analytical fees which are
approximately $1,000/sample analyzed. It is difficult to estimate the number
of samples that will need to be analyzed for each identified contaminated site,
but based on experience in Viet Nam, between 50-100 would be a minimum
to delineate extent of contamination at each site. Sampling of food and people
may also be necessary. Budget needs to be established to implement a
monitoring program to verify effectiveness of the mitigation and remediation
efforts. Remediation/mitigation costs are also highly site dependant.
14- Donors Government of the Lao PDR: 5% of total budget (Maximum Level)
Donors: GEF, UNIDO, WB, EU, FAO, UNEP, ADB, GTI, JICA, CIDA.
15- Project Extent Countrywide, with particular emphasis on southern and north-eastern Lao
PDR
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D. Project Profile for the Coordination of the SC AND NIP Implementation
1. Project Profile D1: Strengthen capacity of the established POPs National Steering
Committee, Working Groups, and POPs Coordinating Unit to ensure effective coordination,
monitoring and assessment of the SC and NIP implementation at the national level through
regular discussion, study tours, forums, workshops, training courses, and increase awareness
related to the impacts of POPs issues on Lao society.
1- Project Title Strengthening Capacity of National POPs Coordination System
2- Implementing Agency MONRE
3- Co-operational
Agencies MAF, MITC, MEM, MoH, MPI, MoD, Mass Organizations, Private sectors
and key stakeholders
4- Duration 48 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City
6- Background The existing national POPs Steering Committee, POPs Coordinating unit, and
Technical Working Groups were established during the NIP development
process. These entities played very important roles in guiding, coordinating
relevant stakeholders in all aspects of project management, development and
submission of the NIP for Government approval. The existing staff has
improved their capacity in many aspects of project management, project
coordination, administration and organization as well as in the framework of
NIP development. The role and responsibilities of these bodies will be
improved after NIP development finishes. The Steering Committee has
provided rational guidance to the Technical Working Groups and the
Coordination Unit. The Technical Working Groups have been actively
involved in the POPs inventory process and reporting, and the formulation of
the NIP. The Coordinating Unit has good capacity to identify the minimum
requirements for financial records, controls and financial reporting and
auditing applicable to donor funded NIP projects. In order to follow-up the
progress of NIP project implementation and to coordinate for the NIP project
management aspects, including implementation, monitoring, evaluation, and
updating the NIP, the improvement of the mandate of these existing national
POPs entities is crucial.
7- Project Rationale The Steering Committee will be more effective in guiding the Coordinating
Unit and Technical Working Groups in successfully concretizing the NIP at
the national level.
The Technical Working Groups will enhance their duties, actively share their
information and data, and learn from others in the area of POPs inventory,
reporting, research and others.
The national coordination unit will improve capacity in the coordination,
monitoring and assessment of the SC and NIP implementation, and strengthen
capability in the management of the NIP project to respond to the
requirements of the Stockholm Convention. As a coordination unit of the NIP
project implementation and appraisal process, the national coordination Unit
requires an analysis of the managerial and administrative capacity of the
recipient ministerial NIP implementing organization.
Through the three year exercise of the Enabling Activities for Development of
46
a National Plan for Implementation of the Stockholm Convention on POPs
and through this proposed project proposal, the national POPs bodies’
capacity will be strengthened and the national plan and project coordination
capacity will be improved to some extent. Moreover, the awareness for
chemicals information and data management will be increased; and
coordination on POPs management will be strengthened at the national level.
While the necessary for prompt implementation of the NIP is widely
acknowledged and immediate actions are decisive to pave the way for sound
chemical management including POPs, it is also true that Lao PDR still needs
assistance in ensuring effective coordination, monitoring and assessing the
overall SC and NIP implementation; project formulation and implementation;
initiation of policy changes; monitoring the sectoral development; and
regularly reporting the SC Secretariat.
8- Project Justification The proposed project proposal is intended to strengthen the capacity and
capability, including removal of constraints and problems faced by the
institutions dealing with chemical management including POPs, to implement
the projects proposed by the relevant ministries, guided by the National POPs
Steering Committee, implemented by the Technical Working Groups, and
coordinated, monitored and assessed by the National POPs Coordinating Unit.
In order to promote the effective implementation of the SC and NIP, this
project will mainly emphasize that while the implementation of most of the
proposed projects can be specifically assigned to the executing institutions and
can be coordinated by the national coordinating unit. This project also needs
to ensure that the practices and management of all proposed projects
supporting relevant actions on chemical management including POPs are in
place, applicable, and effective responses to both existing issues in the country
and anticipated issues from the Stockholm Convention.
9- Project Goal To improve the quality of the NIP coordination and implementation, including
monitoring and evaluation of NIP projects execution.
10- Objectives Improving the mandate of the National Steering Committee,
Technical Working Groups, Coordination Unit in the NIP
coordination and implementation;
Improving and developing the administrative management systems,
guidelines, manuals and other project coordination and
implementation tools;
Strengthening the capacity and capabilities for NIP project
implementation covering data centralization, assessment, monitoring
and evaluation.
11- Beneficiaries Direct beneficiaries: National Steering Committee, Technical Working
Groups, Coordinating Unit and line ministries involved. Indirect
beneficiaries: Local community.
12- Activities To strengthen capacity of the National POPs Coordinating Unit and
the POPs Technical Working Groups
To plan and convene, in partnership with the relevant ministries on
the chemical management and reduction and elimination of POPs;
To assist the relevant ministries and stakeholders in establishing a
national network for sound chemical management and reduction and
elimination of POPs and sound chemical based information;
To increase cooperation between the chemical management
stakeholders and the institutions in Lao PDR and other countries in
47
the region and international donor communities through project
implementation and issues relevant to the NIP implementation and
management;
To undertake the coordination with stakeholders on chemicals
management, reduction and elimination of POPs including planning,
the preparation of background papers and development of a
framework for addressing the NIP project information needs,
assessment, monitoring, evaluation, and management, and
To develop and maintain good working relationship between the
WREA and the stakeholders and resource initiatives involving
capacity building, administrative management, project design, project
implementation, data gathering, chemicals analyzing, NIP evaluation,
reporting and updating of the NIP.
To conduct study tours to POPs National Steering Committee, to
organize technical Forum to the Technical Working Groups related to
POPs management as needed.
To increase awareness related to POPs management to the Steering
Committee, Working Groups and POPs Coordinating Unit.
13- Estimated Cost US$ 900,000
14- Donors Government of Lao PDR: 5% of total budget (Maximum Level) Donors: GEF,
UNIDO, FAO, UNEP, ADB)
15- Project Extent Provinces and Cities
2. Project Profile D2: Design and implement a National Chemicals Database and Information
System that includes POPs to ensure effective exchange of information at the national level and
Institute a national clearing-house center on chemicals toxicology and Best Available
Technology and Best Environment Practices Guidelines to industry profiles, waste generation
and characteristics, waste minimization options and financial evaluation of these option for
executives and potential clients on the benefits of properly managing environmental impacts.
1- Project Title Establishment of National Chemicals Database including POPs for
Effective Exchange of Information.
2- Implementing Agency MONRE
3- Co-operational
Agency MAF, MoIC, MoH, MPI
4- Duration 24 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City
6- Background The national coordinating unit has characterized and centralized the chemicals
information (National Hazardous Chemical Inventory) including POPs
(Inventory Report on POPs Pesticides, PCBs, and Unintentionally Produced
POPs) as a primary means of the chemicals information dissemination and
outreach objectives. The National Hazardous Chemical Inventory, inventory
reports on POPs pesticides, PCBs, and unintentionally produced POPs and
other chemicals information in Lao PDR was respectively published in 2006,
2007 and 2008. The national chemicals database is a new concept for
centralization and exchanging of information of POPs.
48
7- Project Rationale Numerous public and private actors are developing internet sites that contain
information with relevance to chemicals management, POPs reduction and
elimination. Rational establishment of the national chemicals database is to
build on those efforts to make information available in the technology and
format compatible with the needs of the widest public possible.
The national chemicals database is very useful and will provide on-line access
and hard document distribution to relevant chemicals for the Laotian public,
decision makers, environmental technicians, and chemical management
officers. The national chemicals database is also a tool for chemicals
management including POPs reduction and elimination, and will be designed
in a manner which is easy to monitor, evaluate, consolidate and update.
8- Project Justification In a country like Lao PDR, the national chemicals database is urgently needed
for proper management of chemicals including POPs; unfortunately most
chemical data and information are not centralized. The advent of geographical
information systems (GIS) and internet mapping services now makes it
possible to provide an easy-to-use overview of the chemicals management
context.
The national chemicals database will offer immense advantages over
conventional chemical mapping systems. Linked with a GIS and displayed on
an internet mapping and database service, the relevant ministries would
provide information on important chemicals, including POPs, as well as
providing highly efficient spatial information for the evaluation of chemicals
management and POPs reduction and elimination. The national chemicals
database would complement the existing chemical information system as an
important but separate, comprehensive, and chemically oriented database.
9- Project Goal Centralize and provide comprehensive chemical concentration and distribution
data and information (including POPs) to the stakeholders via an internet map
service to achieve the main national objectives in chemical management,
POPs reduction and elimination.
10- Objectives To integrate the data of chemicals inventory and other information
into a single spatially-oriented national chemicals database, and
distributed via the internet;
To provide an appropriate context for assessing chemicals use,
reduction, and elimination in terms of implementation of the provision
of the Stockholm Convention.
11- Beneficiaries
Direct beneficiaries: Lao government institutions; private sectors and
stakeholders, the general public and the international community via
the internet.
Indirect beneficiaries: Contribution to global efforts of POPs release
minimization and sustainable development.
12- Activities Review and evaluate the existing chemical database and spatial
information;
Assess various options for the national chemicals database design;
Design the national chemicals database; the expansion of the existing
chemicals data and information will be considered after assessing
expansion options and considering ongoing maintenance and
operational costs of existing systems;
Establish a GIS based internet map service with a chemicals
distribution information network to serve government sectors;
Conduct a pilot study for examination of selected chemicals
49
including POPs areas to determine the database structure and
mechanism for incorporating data from different sources;
Incorporate chemicals data and information including POPs from
other institutional sources; and
Link between national chemicals database with the GIS proposed for
managing chemicals including POPs.
13- Estimated Cost US$ 1,000,000
14- Donors Government of the Lao PDR: 5% of total budget (Maximum Level)
Donors: GEF, UNIDO, WB, FAO, UNEP, ADB.
15- Project Extent Vientiane Capital City, Provinces and Cities
3. Project Profile D3: Formulate, promulgate and implement Hazardous Chemicals and
Substances Management Law / Decree;
1- Project Title Hazardous Chemical and Substances Management Law /Decree
2- Implementing Agency MONRE
3- Co-operational
Agency
MIC, MEM, MoH, MAF, Relevant Governmental Institutions and Relevant
Civil Organizations
4- Duration 30 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City
6- Background To date, Lao PDR does not have any legislation regarding the managing of
hazardous chemicals and substances, including POPs. In general, some
existing legal provisions related to managing chemicals are prepared by some
governmental institutions, and the objectives of such provisions focus on the
management and the use of hazardous chemicals and substances related with
those individual governmental institutions.
Lao PDR believes that legal instruments are very important for the
management of hazardous chemicals and substances including POPs.
Therefore, it is necessary to assess and prepare a preliminary law or decree
responding to the needs of hazardous chemicals and substances management.
These legal provisions must cover the management of chemicals as illustrated
in various international conventions such as the Stockholm Convention, PIC
Convention, Montreal Protocol, etc.
7- Project Rationale Currently, existing legal instruments in Lao PDR are insufficient for the safe
and sound management of hazardous chemicals and substances including
POPs, as required under the Stockholm Convention. The project rationale is:
Relevant laws will be revised or prepared,
Managing of chemicals including POPs guideline will be developed
and available for implementation,
Laws and guidelines related to the management of hazardous
chemicals and substances including POPs will be enforced, and
Knowledge and awareness on the laws and relevant legal instruments
will be disseminated and participation promoted to government
agencies and the general public.
8- Project Justification There is a need to establish necessary legal framework for managing
hazardous chemicals and substances including POPs in a safe and sound
environmental manner.
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9- Project Goal Manage hazardous chemicals and substances including POPs in a safe and
sound environmental manner and facilitate the development of alternative
approaches through effective chemical law enforcement. Promote greater
public participation in chemical management and decision-making.
10- Objectives Provide a forum for governmental institutions and stakeholders for
development of Hazardous Chemicals and Substances Law/Decree
Support stakeholder’s initiatives for sharing law and policy
development related strategies, expertise and technical knowledge,
Support joint training and capacity building related hazardous
chemicals and Substances law/decree development including POPs,
and
Establish and examine alternative mechanisms for hazardous
chemicals and substances law/decree development and future
compliance.
11- Beneficiaries Direct beneficiaries: Lao government institutions;
Indirect beneficiaries: Lao people (Contribution to global efforts of
chemicals waste release minimization including POPs).
12- Activities Assessment of law and policy related to managing of chemicals including
POPs:
Form legal team
Review legal instruments and policy,
Assess legal instruments and policy, and
Identify gap and requirement for law and policy development with a
focus on the environment sound management of hazardous chemicals
and substances including POPs.
Develop hazardous chemicals and substances management law/decree
including POPs:
Design, test, improve the training material related to the methodology
of the law or decree formulation related to the management of
hazardous chemicals and substances,
Deliver training course on the methodology of concerned law/decree
drafting,
Formulate the law/decree on Hazardous Chemicals and Substances
Management,
Organize consultation workshops on the drafts of the above
mentioned law/decree for further appropriate finalization,
Finalize and submit the final draft of the law/decree for approval.
Dissemination and follow up the implementation of the approved law/decree
Publish and disseminate the promulgated law/decree trough different
means at the national level, and
Monitor, assess and report the effectiveness of the realization of the
law/decree.
13- Estimated Cost US$ 400,000
14- Donors Government of the Lao PDR: 5% of total budget (Maximum Level)
Donors: GEF, UNIDO, WB, FAO, UNEP, ADB.
15- Project Extent Countrywide
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1. Project Profile D4: Promote the conduct of chemical engineering course at the targeted
academic institution for further supply of qualified human resources to relevant ministries
and government institutions, private sector, and other key stakeholders involved in the
realization of the NIP and SC requirements.
1- Project Title Capacity building of targeted academic institutions on the delivery of
chemical engineering course
2- Implementing Agency NUOL
3- Co-operational
Agencies
MoE, MONRE, MoH, MIT, MEM, Private sectors and key stakeholders
4- Duration 40 months
5- Project Location Vientiane Capital City
6- Background There is a substantial lack of chemical engineers in the governmental bodies,
academic institutions and private sector at the national level. Those who have
the background were not directly involved in the chemical management and
were assigned to other duties, which are not that consistent with their
academic background. The country has to mostly rely on the external human
resources, which are quite expansive. During the formulation of the NIP and
the National Hazardous Chemical Strategy, relevant ministries and
governmental institutions, private sectors and other key stakeholders have
raised their concern related to the imperative need of having qualified staff to
effectively address the chemical management problems, specifically the POPs
issues. Suggested academic requirements are namely: chemical engineering,
followed by chemical science, environment engineering, and others. There
has been delivery of chemical science at the level of bachelor degree and
environment engineering at the master degree at the respective faculties of
Chemical and Engineering. However, there is no chemical engineering course
being fully provided at the bachelor and master degree in the country yet.
7- Project Rationale There is no doubt that chemical engineering is one of the first academic
requirements of qualified staff to effectively address the chemical
management issue, specifically in the area of POPs related concerns, namely
BAT/BEP related to UPPOPs. The lack of qualified staff in the area of
chemical engineering could impede the Government of Lao PDR to
successfully and in a sustained manner fulfill its commitments to the
Stockholm Convention. The continuous conduct of chemical engineering
course will steadily provide sufficient qualified human resources to the local
market. Concerned ministries and governmental institutions, and relevant
private sector would be in a better position to respectively suggest policy
makers on the must use of BAT/BEP related to POPs, including CP; and on
the appropriate selection and use of BAT/BEP in their plants. This will
contribute not only to the realization of the NIP but also of the Five Years
National Socio-Economic Development Plan, the National Growth and
Poverty Eradication Strategy, the National Environment Strategy up to the
year 2020, and others.
8- Project Justification There is a crucial need to deliver chemical engineering course at the targeted
Lao academic institutions and to further appropriately replicate in the entire
country. This will deeply contribute to the effective supply of qualified
human resources to concerned government and private sectors in effectively
addressing the chemical management issues, including POPs.
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9- Project Goal To provide sufficient and qualified chemical engineers to concerned ministries
and governmental institutions at the national level, relevant private sector and
other key stakeholders
10- Objectives Capacity building and strengthening of targeted academic institutions
on the delivery of chemical engineering courses in a sustained and
effective manner;
Build and strengthen capacity of concerned trainers ; and
Replicate this course delivery at the national level as appropriate
11- Beneficiaries Direct beneficiaries: relevant line ministries and governmental institutions,
private sectors, and academic institutions. Indirect beneficiaries: local
community
12- Activities To plan and convene, in partnership with the key relevant
stakeholders and competent universities in the region on the design of
the chemical engineering curriculum, and training program of the
trainers;
To test and improve the curriculum and the training program of the
trainers;
To conduct, monitor, assess, report and improve the conduct of the
chemical engineering course and training program of the trainers;
To strengthen capacity of trainers, such as getting their Ph.D,
participating relevant trainings at the regional and international levels;
To conduct study tours or training of the trainers in the region in order
to share experiences and learn from competent universities in the SEA
as needed;
To develop and maintain good working relationship between the
targeted academic institution, WREA, private sector and other key
stakeholders;
13- Estimated Cost US$ 1, 500,000
14- Donors Government of Lao PDR: 5% of total budget (Maximum Level) Donors: GEF,
UNIDO, , FAO, UNEP, ADB)
15- Project Extent Provinces and Cities