Post on 08-Mar-2023
Ehsan KabirStudent ID #1311104
Introduction
Films are very subjective and not only considered as a medium
whereby messages can be conveyed, but also as a pure form of
art. There are several forms of film-making starting from
documentaries to feature films to abstract films and much more.
Over the years, the form of film has changed, which as a result
gave rise to new genres of film. Technological progress in
particular has been a catalyst for the development of new forms
and formats of film. The process of film making in the past was
restricted and limited profession, however without the monetary
and technological constraints filmmakers faced earlier,
nowadays everyone can become a film-maker. At the same time,
films have also become more popular and influential with the
advent of mass media, reaching out to broad classes of a
population.
These two factors both lead to the emergence of a new kind
of film, which are amateur films. The availability of
relatively cheap film-making equipment (starting from mobile
phone cameras to digital cameras and DSLRS etc.) and the easily
accessible ways to gain and enhance ones film-making skills
(i.e. through ‘real’ or virtual workshops (YouTube etc.) have
both contributed to the enormous popularity of the genre of
amateur film-making. Amateur film-makers can also be
considered as the next generation of potential professional,
and influential, film-makers and future leaders in the film
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industry that help to redefine the format of film. One example
here is Jamal Edwards from the United Kingdom who started as an
amateur-filmmaker in a young age and turned multimillionaire by
making his hobby & passion into a professional business model,
producing state of the art music videos for YouTube (Smale,
2013). Another example can be found in a recent conference held
at University College Cork that considered the significance of
home movie and amateur film material not only in the context of
the history of film but also the use made of home movies by
notable avant-garde and experimental filmmakers such as Kenneth
Anger, Stan Brakhage, Maya Deren and Peter Forgács (Kilborn,
2014). Despite all this, amateur cinema has to be one of the
most neglected aspects of film studies (Shand, 2008, p37).
The scenario of films in Bangladesh is not as advanced as
the other countries such as US and India. However there has
been a change which is quite visible when it comes to visuals
of mainstream films and thanks to social media sites amateur
film making is on the rise. Thus it is very important to
analyze and evaluate the characteristics of amateur filmmaker’s
film production as revealed in the content and form of their
films. This area of research has been left relatively untouched
so far, making an analysis of amateur film-makers’ attitudes,
perceptions, identities and values the more important.
Research Aim
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The objective of this research study is to understand the
characteristics of amateur filmmaker’s film production as
revealed in the content and form of their films.
Research Methodology
Both quantitative and qualitative approach will be applied to
have better understanding of the subject in this research
study. The participants consists 2 female and 3 male amateur
film makers from different background of education and
profession. The wide range of amateur film makers from
different backgrounds provides a diverse understating of the
research subject. The quantitative research approach consisted
of a structured questionnaire which was designed to provide an
analysis of survey participant’s preferences of film style,
genre and etc (Questionare). The qualitative research on the
other hand consisted of an interview with the participants
which provide a more personal understanding of films by these
individuals. The qualitative research also includes a
questionnaire which gives us a clear understanding of the
motive, influences, preference of the film maker. Also an
analytical analysis is conducted on the films submitted by the
participants to have more detailed understanding about the
research subject.
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Film analysis
Film 1:“Decide”
By Fidia Kamal
Decide is a silent film made by Fidia Kamal, an undergraduate
student of Media & Communication during her first semester of
studies without any previous background in film making. The
film is about a girl who is in a state of trance and indecisive
about taking a crucial decision of her life. Amateur film-maker
Fidia mentioned in the interview that her style of film-making
has been inspired by Film Noir. This is strongly reflected in
‘Decide’, a two minutes silent film composed completely in
black and white. According to Spicer (2010, pix), most movies
in the Film Noir genre are shot in black and white with
chiaroscuro lighting, jarring music, and enervating subthemes.
Fidia’s Film Noir follows a structured narrative based on
three parts: At first we see the introduction of the subject
(exposition), leading to the second part (climax), where the
subject faces the conflict, resulting in the third part
(resolution). The narrative structure of (mainstream) movies
usually follows a certain, same pattern of exposition and
introduction of conflict, climax and conflict confrontation
followed by the resolution of conflict and end (Turner, 1993,
p74). The film consists of no music, the only sound effect
being the ambience noise, and no dialogues, which is intended
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to give a rather realistic feeling. The aspect ratio of the
short movie is 4:3 due to the usage of a mobile phone camera
for shooting, a typical tool used for amateur film-making. The
editing of the movie follows a linear pattern, the pace of the
film is not too fast and it follows a sequence of continuity.
Linear editing is a basic technique used by most amateur-
filmmakers which means that the filmmaker records each edit
sequentially, one after another, from the beginning to the end
(Chandler, 2004, p18).
The effect cross-dissolve is used for transitions and as
such it adheres to an approach used in mainstream films – the
shooting technique however is influenced by film noir, strongly
differs from mainstream movies. All throughout the film it
looks as if the audience is witnessing the incident unfolding.
The motive of the film, as found out in the interview with the
amateur film-maker, is based on “facing the difficulties,
fight, think and taking the right decision in the end”. This is
why in the end we see the girl at the end smiling and leaving
the scene. This specific approach of film-making is directly
related to what film means as an entity to the amateur film
maker, as expressed in the interview: “Film for me is a way to
escape from all the tensions and frustrations of life”. As such
we can see the short movie as a way of expressing frustrations
and tensions in life and providing a way out.
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Film 2: ‘AIUB Shoe Fever’
By Mirza Nabhin
AIUB Shoe fever is an abstract film by Mirza Nabhin an
undergraduate student of Journalism. The film is almost like a
montage as it is composed of several scenes of different kind
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of shoes. The editing technique of montage used in the film can
be associated with ‘montage by attraction’ which “uses the fact
that the human mind is capable of associating ideas or images
in such a way that the senses overlap, subconsciously
associating one with another to produce a unified effect”
(Santas, 2002, p60). The visuals of the film are quite pleasing
especially with usage of soothing sound track. The film follows
no specific narrative structure which can be compared to
mainstream films. However some of the aspect of the film maybe
comparable with narratives of product based television
commercials. The shooting of the film is done with DSLR camera;
an effective must have equipment for every armature and
professional film maker of modern times. DSLRs are being
frequently used by both amateur and also more professional
film-makers as they offer the best value for money (Mollise,
2009, p274). “These cameras are much like their film-using
ancestors in that they feature interchangeable lenses and
through-the-lens viewing and composing” (Mollise, 2009, p273).
The colour tone of DSLRs is quite detailed even with use of no
extra lights except day light. Most of the shots are taken from
a point of view angle, which is done probably intentionally to
give a personal approach to the film. The editing of the film
is done well as the cuts of the scenes are well synchronized
with each other. Several transitional effects are used such as
cross dissolve; push slide and feather dissolve which is one
aspect which is similar to commercial music videos. According
to Mirza as mentioned in the interview “No particular style I
have followed but I would try to show something symbolic or out
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of the box”. The film tries to depict the trend of shoes in a
certain location. The aspect of media usage also plays an
important role to understand the motivation behind the making
of this film. According to the amateur film-maker, he is an
avid user of social media sites, in particular Facebook and
YouTube. He also states that “I am not a big fan of watching TV
as a broadcast media”. Thus we can assume that his film-making
indeed was inspired by social media videos which are always
short in duration and usually do not follow mainstream films as
shown on TV, but have their own particular, independent and
abstract style that is based on the subjectivity of the film-
maker. Facebook videos in particular are nowadays a means of
expressing one’s own subjectivity and often feature random,
entertaining content without much of deeper meaning to it.
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Film 3: ‘Friends’
By Raisa Rujhan
“Friends” made by Raisa Rujhan a young associate of a Media
Agency, is a personal candid film composed of pictures and
visuals. The film is a personal documentation of the experience
that Raisa shares with her friend. The film does not follow any
specific mainstream narrative; it is a collage of moments she
cherishes with her friends. An HTC phone camera was used to
compose the video, a typical device used by most amateur film
maker as we live in the generation of selfies. “There is no
real logic to the selfie. Rather, it is driven by a combination
of social factors. There is an element of self-promotion, to be
sure. What used to be the domain of the famous is now popular
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amongst ordinary people” (Nicholson, 2012). Raisa used windows
movie maker, amateur editing software, to compose this film.
The film starts with the intro of the four main characters and
continues to show their journey through out their friendship.
This corresponds to Raisa’s perspective on and perception of
films as reflected in her interview: “I like making short films
when it comes to occasions like birthdays, farewells or
marriage that consist of personal videos with friends and
family. I have produced a total of 5 short films and I plan on
making more because it is like a sneak peak at my past”. Here
we can also see that for many amateur-filmmakers, film has
become a personal, individual expression of art. As Raisa
further said during the interview, “To me filmmaking is an area
of field that is unbounded, just like the sky you can never
limit the storylines it can produce”. Raisa also uploaded her
film on social media platforms such as Facebook – this is
another characteristic of amateur film-makers as found out in
this research with many film-makers producing content
specifically to be uploaded on social media platforms in order
to be ‘liked’ and ‘shared’ among friends. (film making and
facebook). As such, Raisa described her film as “celebrating
togetherness with friends and cherishing memories with your
best friends”. Nowadays, social media platforms are the most
important and influential platforms for amateur film-makers to
‘get their work out’ and share it among friends. This is also
being confirmed during the interview as Raisa mentioned that
she has been inspired to produce her video by short video clips
on Facebook.
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Film 4: Abortion: a human right or a public violation
By Waseq
‘Abortion a human right or a public violation’ a film made by
Waseq a student of communication and couple of his film
enthusiast friends. The film starts with a quote by Tagore
which builds a mood on the audience about the message of the
story which is about to unfold. The film is about a couple and
it depicts their perspective of abortion. It also displays
perspective of different individuals of the society about the
topic abortion. The film does follow aesthetics of main stream
drama when it comes to its narrative structure. For instance
the shot division of the first sequence it starts with the boy
and then it moves to the girl, and then followed by scenes of
the boy being confused which builds up a certain kind of
intensity among the audience. Finally then we see the scene
were the boy gets a piece of paper and realizes the girl is
pregnant. This kind of build up of intensity is quite visible
in all kind of mainstream films specially drama. However Waseq
also broke the convention as he included interview clips of
different people which dilute the genre of the film. Waseq
combines both aspect of drama and documentation to convey his
all important message. This sort of diluted films is known as
docu-fiction a style which is quite popular in mainstream
documentaries. Only a DSLR was used to produce this film, no
external lights were used during production. The editing of the11
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film also follows aesthetics of mainstream drama, the pace of
the film is based on the soundtrack, which increases and
decreases according to the intensity of the sequence. However
Waseq leaves the ending of the film to the audience as the film
ends with a blurred shot of the pregnancy tester, leaving the
audience with a decision only they can take to end the story
with their own perspective. The film content and motif is based
on Waseq’s understanding of film, which according to him “is
the only way to experience life, other than actually
experiencing it”. As such we can see how amateur-filmmakers
also make movies in order to reproduce ‘real stories’ and make
sense of the world through their own eyes. Waseq further stated
during the interview that his approach to the film was to
reproduce reality as close as possible and to intensely engage
the audience. This approach is in contrast with some of the
other approaches explored above that focus more on
entertainment and personal satisfaction rather than producing
‘deep’ content and meaning. This particular approach to film is
based on Waseq’s attitude towards film which he understands as
“extracts of life”. The way that abortion is portrayed in the
short film as a controversial, sensitive issue in Bangladeshi
society also shows how, according to Turner (1993, pp44-45),
the construction of reality through language and meanings we
attach to language and to make sense of the world depends on
the specific cultural context of a community.
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Ice Kool TVC is an attempt to replicate modern TV commercial
productions by S.M Fahim-uz-zaman a student of B.A in MMC. The
consumerism trend is very much embedded in the modern society
of Bangladesh and there is a huge following of TV commercial
viewership. Which leads to amateurs videos as such, these kind
of videos can be found in abundance on the internet. This was
Fahim’s first film and he had no background of film making,
hence we see the shots division not being as perfect as
mainstream television commercial. However the narrative
structure is quite similar to that of mainstream tv commercial,
for instance the video starts with an establishment shot then
moves to a close up shot of a man sweating which is an attempt
to build up the mood of the situation among the audience. Also
another instance would be the scene when the karam board turns
into ice as the powder is applied a typical mainstream
commercial exaggerating approach to enhance the value of the
product. The video was shot with a DSLR, and usage of pan and
tilt is quite visible all throughout the video. The film
consisted of no music track, Fahim used natural ambience which
is rather unusual for mainstream TVCs that most often feature
background music. When it comes to media usage, Fahim is
another amateur-filmmaker that mostly uses and is inspired by
social media. We can see that social media with its
possibilities of share and like videos is also one of the main
motivations of amateur film-makers to exhibit their work and
attract followers. Fahim explicitly stated that he is using
social media to promote his video. As a graphic designer, Fahim
also consciously is using the medium of film to promote his
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animation work. During the interview, he stated that “My vision
and mission is to promote the use of CG animation and VFX
through my film”. As such we can also see how amateur film-
makers are using the power of film to promote themselves and/or
their work: This is also an aspect of the ongoing trend whereby
the medium of film is being ‘deprofessionalized’ and more and
more appropriated by non-professional film-makers as technology
and availability to gain skills that are necessary to produce
films become more easily accessible and widespread.
Further Findings & Conclusion
The quantitative part of the interviews has shown that all
amateur-filmmakers clearly prefer foreign film productions
(Hollywood the most, followed by Bollywood) before Bangladeshi
productions. Thus they are inspired by and try to copy foreign
film productions rather than local productions. When it comes
to technical aspects, amateur film-makers use basic shooting
equipment ranging from mobile phone cameras to DSLRs and
usually very basic editing software such as Windows Movie
Maker. All amateur film-makers that participated in the survey
also revealed that they usually do not go to cinemas to watch
movies but rather watch movies on TV or internet and use social
media for inspiring short clips which they aim to follow in
their productions. Social media has indeed been identified as
amateur film-makers’ main catalyst for and motivation behind
making movies. They are strongly influenced by short,15
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entertaining and viral videos on digital media platforms such
as Facebook and YouTube in particular and aim to imitate the
style of the videos found on those platforms. The possibility
to showcase their productions to a broad audience through
social media platforms also is the main motivation behind
producing short videos. As can be seen from this survey, the
film-making process is more and more influenced and driven by
the possibilities of the World Wide Web. This trend can be
assumed to increase even more in the future with ever faster
and more widespread internet access for everyone. As such,
amateur-filmmakers are at the forefront of the digital
revolution which distinguishes platforms such as social media
becoming more relevant and important than traditional media.
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Appendix
Questionnaire Film 1
Name: Fidia KamalSex: FemaleAge: 22Education: BSS Media And Communication
Film: Decide
What kind of media are you using the most (TV, radio, newspaper, social media, internet, etc.)?
Internet.
What other media are you using and how frequently?
TV; 2-3 hours a day.
Why are you using this specific kind of media (if applicable)?
Easier, faster and a cheaper way of communication.
When did you start making films? What motivated you to make a film?
Two years back. The joy of watching a film motivated me to make one.
How many films have you produced so far? What are your upcoming plans?
Four.
How do you define ‘film’ from your personal perspective?
A series of moving images that gives pleasure and satisfaction to the mass.
What do films mean to you?
Film for me is a way to escape from all the tensions and frustrations of life.
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Have certain media / media content you have seen influenced you in your way of film-making? Any concrete examples?
No.
Can you describe your style/approach that you have used in order to produce this film?
It is mostly inspired from the silent films of the late 1920s.
What is the main motif of your film?
My film basically is saying to face the difficulties, fight it, think and to take the right decision.
Which camera did you use to make this film?
DSLR/Phone
Which editing software did you use?
Final cut pro/ Premier Pro
Quantative Questionnaire
How much do you prefer Bollywood Films? (On a scale of 1 to 10)
8
How much do you prefer Hollywood Films? (On a scale of 1 to 10)
9
How much do you prefer Bangladeshi Films? (On a scale of 1 to 10)
5
How many movies do you watch in a week?
4-5
How many times to do you go the theatres to watch a movie in a month?
once
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How many film have you made?
4
How many years have you been making films for?
2
Questionnaire Film 2
Name: Mirza NabinSex: MaleAge: 23Education: AIUB – Bachelor in Journalism
Film: AIUB Shoes
What kind of media are you using the most (TV, radio, newspaper, social media, internet, etc.)?
Mostly, i am a frequent user of social media like facebook and whatsapp.
What other media are you using and how frequently?
Sometimes sources like youtube and online newspapers help a lot.
Why are you using this specific kind of media (if applicable)?
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If i need to have some visual proof of some news then youtube and live buffering channels helps a lot. Not a big fan of watching Tv orradio as a broadcast media.
When did you start making films? What motivated you to make a film?
I started working on films since my 2nd semester i joined my university. I feel and know that through visual aid a lot of messages can make people understand about the story behind documentaries, films and short films That’s what motivated me the most.
How many films have you produced so far? What are your upcoming plans?
I started working in a music video which gave a beginners peak to myfew next scripts that i want to make in future. My plan is to make as many short films and documentaries as possible.
How do you define ‘film’ from your personal perspective?
My personal definition for film will be something of an entertainment and educative at the same time.
What do films mean to you?
I consider each film i worked and created is an extension of me and my thought.
Have certain media / media content you have seen influenced you in your way of film-making? Any concrete examples?
Through many internet site links my friends suggested me many short documentaries and films. Those encouraged me a lot. I myself more often browse through “Youtube” and “History Tv” to find more and more about documentaries films and critics regarding those films.
Can you describe your style/approach that you have used in order to produce this film?
No particular style i have followed but i would try to show something symbolic or out of the box.
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What is the main motif of your film?
For beginners like me i intend to correct mistakes while go on making films. Later I might find a particular style to present my films for everyone.
Which camera did you use to make this film?
Cannon 60d
Which editing software did you use?
Windows Movie Maker
Quantative questionnaire
How much do you prefer Bollywood Films? (On a scale of 1 to 10)
7
How much do you prefer Hollywood Films? (On a scale of 1 to 10)
10
How much do you prefer Bangladeshi Films? (On a scale of 1 to 10)
4
How many movies do you watch in a week?
6 more or less
How many times to do you go the theatres to watch a movie in a month?
15
How many film have you made?
1
How many years have you been making films for?
1
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Questionnaire Film 3
Name: Raisa RujhanSex: FemaleAge: 24Occupation: Brand Associate- Bitopi Advertising Ltd.
Film: ‘Friends’
What kind of media are you using the most (TV, radio, newspaper, social media, internet, etc.)?
It is a mix and match between everything. But mostly I watch TV and use Social Media e.g. Facebook.
What other media are you using and how frequently?
Newspaper and Radio
Why are you using this specific kind of media (if applicable)?
I do take a quick look at the newspaper every morning to keep me updated about the current affairs. Usually do not go into the details, rather go through the headlines. Only if the headline is intriguing enough I read the entire news. Besides reading the newspaper I do listen to the radio when I am travelling in a car to listen to music.
When did you start making films? What motivated you to make a film?
When I was around 12 years old, my aunt got me a video camera and with that I started taking personal videos. After like a year, I took my uncle’s help to compile all the videos and make it into one.It can be called my first amateur film and what motivated me was being able to relive the captured moments from my past regardless ofbeing good or bad.
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How many films have you produced so far? What are your upcoming plans?
I do not take film making as my profession; it is more like a hobby.I like making short films when it comes to occasions like birthdays,farewells or marriage that consist of personal videos with friends and family. I have produced a total of 5 short films and I plan on making more because it is like a sneak peak at my past. But I am more into making commercials than films since I have majored in advertising and also been working at an advertising agency.
How do you define ‘film’ from your personal perspective?
Film, a thin flexible strip of plastic coated with light-sensitive emulsion for exposure in a camera, used to produce photographs or motion pictures. It may sound very easy to imagine what the literal meaning of a film is but to me Film is a piece of art. To me filmmaking is an area of field that is unbounded, just like the sky you can never limit the storylines it can produce. However, I believe every film in itself gives us a message, sometimes it is opaque and at times we have to be quite thoughtful to pick it up.
What do films mean to you?
Freedom of expression, creator of emotions, delusional, impactful and etc.
Have certain media / media content you have seen influenced you in your way of film-making? Any concrete examples?
Short video clips posted on facebook
Can you describe your style/approach that you have used in order to produce this film?
There is no specific style or approach to produce this film. After getting a new phone I started capturing crazy and fun moments with my besties. Later decided to compile some of the videos into one andwith a short sweet message at the end and gave it to all three of myfriends as a present on Friendship Day.
What is the main motif of your film?
Celebrating togetherness with friends; cherishing memories with your best friends; a look back at the good-old days with my best
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friends and realizing how much fun we had when all of us were together.
Which camera did you use to make this film?
Mobile camera- HTC Smart
Which editing software did you use?
Windows Movie Maker
Quantative questionnaire
How much do you prefer Bollywood Films? (On a scale of 1 to 10)
7
How much do you prefer Hollywood Films? (On a scale of 1 to 10)
9
How much do you prefer Bangladeshi Films? (On a scale of 1 to 10)
5
How many movies do you watch in a week?
5-6
How many times to do you go the theatres to watch a movie in a month?
1
How many film have you made?
5
How many years have you been making films for?
1 year
Questionnaire Film 4
Name: Waseq RahmanSex: M
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Age: 24Education: Bachelor of Social Science
Film : Abortion a human right or a public violation
What kind of media are you using the most (TV, radio, newspaper, social media, internet, etc.)?
Internet
What other media are you using and how frequently?
Newspaper
Why are you using this specific kind of media (if applicable)?
Access to vast information
When did you start making films? What motivated you to make a film?
During varsity, for the love of it
How many films have you produced so far? What are your upcoming plans?
1 so far, plenty more planned
How do you define ‘film’ from your personal perspective?
only way to experience life, other than actually experiencing it
What do films mean to you?
Extracts of life.
Have certain media / media content you have seen influenced you in your way of film-making? Any concrete examples?
Not to my recollection
Can you describe your style/approach that you have used in order to produce this film?
As much close to the reality as possible
What is the main motif of your film?
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To intensely engage the audience with the idea while they are at it
Which camera did you use to make this film?
600D
Which editing software did you use?
Adobe Premiere Pro
Quantative Questionnaire
How much do you prefer Bollywood Films? (On a scale of 1 to 10)
3
How much do you prefer Hollywood Films? (On a scale of 1 to 10)
7
How much do you prefer Bangladeshi Films? (On a scale of 1 to 10)
4
How many movies do you watch in a week?
3
How many times to do you go the theatres to watch a movie in a month?
0
How many film have you made?
1
How many years have you been making films for?
0
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Questionnaire Film 5
Name: S.M Fahim-uz-zamanSex: MaleAge: 22Education: B.A in MMC
Film: Ice kool TVC’
What kind of media are you using the most (TV, radio, newspaper, social media, internet, etc.)?
Internet
What other media are you using and how frequently?
Social media, sometimes
Why are you using this specific kind of media (if applicable)?
To promote my video
When did you start making films? What motivated you to make a film?
Since I join the film club
How many films have you produced so far? What are your upcoming plans?
2 short film, 2 documentary and 4 tvc
How do you define ‘film’ from your personal perspective?
Slice of life
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What do films mean to you?
Reflection of life
Have certain media / media content you have seen influenced you in your way of film-making? Any concrete examples?
Some youtube channels like filmriot
Can you describe your style/approach that you have used in order to produce this film?
Use of CG animation
What is the main motif of your film?
My vision and mission is to promote the use of CG animation and VFX through my film.
Which camera did you use to make this film?
Cannon 60d
Which editing software did you use?
Adobe premiere
Quantative questionnaire
How much do you prefer Bollywood Films? (On a scale of 1 to 10)
6
How much do you prefer Hollywood Films? (On a scale of 1 to 10)
10
How much do you prefer Bangladeshi Films? (On a scale of 1 to 10)
5
How many movies do you watch in a week?
3 or more
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How many times to do you go the theatres to watch a movie in a month?
1
How many film have you made?
5
How many years have you been making films for?
1
References
Chandler, G. (2004). Cut by Cut: Editing Your Film Or Video. Studio City:
Michael Wiese Productions.
Kilborn, R. (2014). Stirling contribution to new collection of essays on amateur filmmaking [online]. Available from: http://www.cmcstir.org/stirling-contribution-to-new-collection-of-essays-on-amateur-filmmaking/ [Accessed 12 Jul 2014].
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