Post on 04-Apr-2018
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Hormon-hormon glucocorticoid bertanggung jawab untuk pengembangan stretch mark mempengaruhi
dermis dengan mencegah fibroblast dari pembentukan serat kolagen dan elastin, yang diperlukan untuk
menjaga kulit cepat tumbuh kencang. Hal ini menciptakan kurangnya materi pendukung, seperti kulit
ditarik dan menyebabkan merobek dermal dan epidermal.
Pada rongga tubuh dan peritoneum, kortisolmenghambatproliferasifibroblasdansintesissenyawainterstitialsepertikolagen.
Kelebihanglukokortikoidtermasuk kortisol dapat mengakibatkan penipisan
lapisankulitdanjaringan penghantaryang menopangpembuluh darahkapiler. Hal ini dapat
membuat tubuh menjadi lebih rentan dan mudahcedera.
Elastosis fokus linear, juga dikenal sebagai striae elastotic, adalah gangguan elastotic jarang ditandai
dengan teraba, putih / kuning / merah band linear dan plak klinis, dan peningkatan jaringan elastis tidak
teratur histologis. Gangguan ini pertama kali dijelaskan dalam tiga pria Kaukasia tua yang disajikan
dengan garis kuning, teraba, dan simetris pada kedua sisi bagian belakang (Burket, Zelickson, & Padilla,
1989). Ada sekitar 20 kasus elastosis fokus linear dijelaskan dalam literatur. Ini memiliki dominasi laki-
laki sedikit dan telah dilaporkan di Afrika-Amerika, Kaukasia, dan orang Asia berkisar dari 7 sampai 89
tahun usia.
Penyebab elastosis fokus linear tidak diketahui. Namun, telah dihipotesiskan bahwa gangguan ini
mungkin merupakan hasil dari proses degeneratif-regeneratif ekstrim mirip dengan "keloid serat elastis"
(Hashimoto, 1998). Lesi akut dapat muncul untuk tumbuh, berwarna merah muda, dan pada elastolysis
menunjukkan biopsi, sedangkan lesi kronis tetap stabil, memiliki eritema tidak ada, dan menunjukkan
elastogenesis pada biopsi (Choi et al., 2000). Selain itu, belum ada asosiasi yang dikenal antara gangguan
dan infeksi atau gangguan autoimun.
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proliferasihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proliferasihttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblashttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblashttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblashttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintesishttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintesishttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senyawa_organikhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senyawa_organikhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairan_tubuhhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairan_tubuhhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairan_tubuhhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolagenhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolagenhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolagenhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glukokortikoidhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glukokortikoidhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulithttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulithttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulithttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaringan_penghantar&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaringan_penghantar&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaringan_penghantar&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembuluh_darahhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembuluh_darahhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembuluh_darahhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cederahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cederahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cederahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cederahttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembuluh_darahhttp://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaringan_penghantar&action=edit&redlink=1http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulithttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glukokortikoidhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolagenhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairan_tubuhhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senyawa_organikhttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintesishttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibroblashttp://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proliferasi7/29/2019 Suport CM3
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PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANG
1. Uji supresi deksametason.
Mungkin diperlukan untuk membantu menegakkan diagnosis peyebabsindrom cushingtersebut,
apakahhipopisis atau adrenal.
2. Pengambilan sampele darah.
Untuk menentukan adanya varyasi diurnal yang normal pada kadar kortisol, plasma.
3. Pengumpulan urine 24 jam.
Untuk memerikasa kadar 17 hiroksikotikorsteroid serta 17ketostoroid yang merupakan
metabolik kortisol dan androgen dalam urine.
4. Stimulasi CRF.Untuk membedakan tumor hipofisis dengan tempattempat tropi.
5. Pemeriksaan radioimmunoassay
Mengendalikan penyebabsindrom cushing
6. Pemindai CT, USG atau MRI.
Untuk menentukan lokasi jaringan adrenal dan mendeteksi tumor pada kelenjar adrenal.
Kolagen: protein rantai panjang yang tersusun lagi atas asam amino alanin, arginin, lisin, glisin, prolin,
serta hiroksiproline daya regang yang tinggi
Elastin: protein jaringan penunjang kaya glisin dan alanin elastisitas tinggi
Alanin adlah asam amino
kehamilan Kategori
A: Umumnya diterima. Studi terkontrol pada wanita hamil tidak menunjukkan bukti risiko janin.
B: Mungkin diterima. Entah studi hewan tidak menunjukkan risiko tetapi penelitian manusia studi tidak
tersedia atau hewan menunjukkan risiko kecil dan studi manusia dilakukan dan menunjukkan tidak ada
resiko.
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C: Gunakan dengan hati-hati jika manfaat lebih besar daripada risiko. Penelitian terhadap hewan
menunjukkan penelitian risiko dan manusia tidak tersedia atau tidak hewan atau studi manusia
dilakukan.
D: Gunakan dalam KEHIDUPAN-MENGANCAM darurat ketika tidak ada obat yang lebih aman tersedia.
Positif bukti risiko janin manusia.
X: Jangan gunakan pada kehamilan. Risiko lebih besar daripada manfaat potensial. Ada alternatif yang
lebih aman.
NA: Informasi tidak tersedia.
BIOCUTIS
Are you wondering what causes and how to prevent and treat stretch marks?
You can wisely choose how to prevent and treat them once you understand that the skin is
composed of the intercellular elements that serve as scaffolds for the different structural elements
of the skin. These elements are in charge of the skins mechanical properties: firmness, strength,
suppleness, and elasticity.
Stretch marks affect skin that is subjected to continuous and progressive stretching; increased
stress is placed on the connective tissue due to increased size of the various parts of the body.
It occurs on the abdomen and the breasts of pregnant women, on the shoulders of body builders, in
adolescents undergoing their growth spurt, and in individuals who are overweight.
It has also been suggested that they develop more easily in skin that has a high proportion of rigid
cross-linked collagen, as occurs in early adult life.
Prolonged use of oral or topical corticosteroids or Cushing syndrome (increased adrenal cortical
activity) leads to the development of stretch marks. Genetic factors could certainly play a role,
although this is not fully understood.
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The most commonly affected areas of the body include the abdominal area, thighs, upper arms,
breasts, hips, and lower back.
Causes of stretch marks (stria)
Dermal inflammation and dilated capillaries mark the initial presentation, which results in anerythematous appearance with characteristic pink, lavender, and purple hues. Later, striae appear
hypopigmented and fibrotic. Pathogenesis remains unclear, although estrogen and mast cell
degranulation with elastolysis may be contributing factors.
Skin distension apparently leads to excessive mast cell degranulation with subsequent immoderate
inflammation that damages collagen and elastin connective skin tissues.
It has been postulated that stretch marks may result from an exaggerated wound healing process,
and, clinically in pregnancy at least the severity of stetch marks appears to be related to a
younger maternal age, although the age of onset of stretch marks was not recorded bySalteret
al. (2006). Of further interest is a significantly higher occurrence of varicosities in those individualsalso presenting with stretch marks. It is plausible that these phenomena describe a generalized
deterioration of extracellular matriz structures that could result from a number of biological events.
Mast cell degranulation and elastolysis in the early stage of striae distensae.
1.- A mast cell is a free cell of the connective tissue. This means it is able to migrate through
surrounding extracellular matrix using its pseudopodes (or filopodes) which are several
micrometers long and motile. The mast cell cytoplasma contains several hundred vesicles
(granules). Mast cells are a normal component of body tissues that play a role in the process of
tissue repair by releasing inflammatory mediators such as histamine, proteoglycans, and cytokines.
Mast-cell activation also stimulates the arrival of other inflammatory cellsa critical step in local
inflammation.
They start their lives in the bone marrow, leaving it as monocytes released into the bloodstream.
But the monocyte is really just a transit stage: fairly rapidly a monocyte will find a place to exit the
vascular system, because theyre really a conective tissue cell. They enter intercellular spaces,
where they settle down and complete their final differentiation into the definitive mast cell
morphology. Mast cells are involved in allergy, acute and chronic inflammation processes, T-cell
activation and tissue defense of parasites. Their function is improper in many deseases of the skin
e.g., psoriasis, chronic eczema, sclerodermia, lichen simplex and planus.
2.- Elastolysis is characterized by degenerative changes in the elastic fibers resulting in loose,
pendulous skin. The skin is sagging, redundant, and stretchable, with reduced elastic recoil.
Alterations in the quantity or the morphology of elastin in which fragmentation or a loss of elastic
fibers is present. Abnormal cross-linking of elastin may also exist.
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Studies have shown that several factors, such as copper deficiency, lysyl oxidase, elastases, and
elastase inhibitors, contribute to abnormal elastin degradation. Lysyl oxidase, a copper-dependent
enzyme, is important in the synthesis and cross-linking of elastin and collagen. Therefore, low levels
of serum copper could lead to diminished elastin synthesis. However, only a few patients with cutis
laxa (elastolysis) have demonstrated low serum copper levels. Defective copper utilization may also
lead to decreased activity of elastase inhibitor alpha-1 antitrypsin, resulting in destruction of elastic
fibers.
Cultured dermal fibroblasts from patients with cutis laxa (elastolysis) have shown increased
elastolytic activity compared with healthy skin, and elastolysis has been suggested to result from
increased elastase activity.
Inflammatory cells or their mediators might damage elastic fibers. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
and macrophages release elastases, which could damage elastic fibers with subsequent
phagocytosis.
Excessive loss of cutaneous elastin in one patient with cutis laxa (elastolysis) appeared to be related
to the combined effects of low lysyl oxidase activity with high levels of cathepsin G, an elastolytic
protease. However, variations in the morphology of the elastic fibers among skin samples from
individuals with cutis laxa (elastolysis) suggest that the biochemical basis of the disorder may be
heterogeneous. Indeed, cutis laxa (elastolysis) could result from mutations that affect the synthesis,
the stabilization, or the degradation of elastic fibers.
3.- According to Sheu HM, Yu HS, Chang CH. Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical
College, Taiwan, R.O.C.Journal of Cutaneous Pathology01/01/1992; 18(6):410-6. ISSN: 0303-
6987: The lesions of nine patients with early striae distensae (SD = stretch marks) during puberty
were examined by light and electron microscopy. Specific changes were seen in very early stage SD,
and in clinically uninvolved skin 0.5 to 3 cm remote from the edge of the long axis of the stretch
mark lesions.
Sequential changes of elastolysis accompanied by mast cell degranulation appeared first,followed
by an influx of activated macrophages that enveloped fragmented elastic fibers. The relationships
among elastic fibers, mast cells, and macrophages seen suggest their critical roles in the process of
stretch marks formation, especially in the early stage.
Our results also indicate that the elastic fiber is the primary target of the pathological process, and
the abnormalities extend as far as 3 cm beyond the lesion into normal skin.
Stretch marks can vary in appearance however; many are much like scars as they take on a shiny,
depressed texture and redish color. Over time it is possible that this appearance can fade. The scar
can be reduced and the reddish lines can become lighter in color.
Pregnancy: the main occasion of stretch marks
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Pregnancy is a beautiful time with a number of ugly consequences. Many of those occur with the
skin due to hormonal changes as well as the physical changes the body undergoes when expecting.
The most commonly experienced consequence is stretch marks. Skin becomes thinner during
pregnancy because of high hormone levels that disrupt the skins equilibrium. By the third
trimester, about 90 % of women have experienced stretch marks. These marks could be disgusting,
but luckily there are options available for stretch mark removal.
Stretch Mark Removal by Surgery
A popular way to get rid of stretch marks is by surgery. Tummy tucks, or more medically known as
abdominoplasties remove skin in the area under the belly button. During pregnancy, this is where
the majority of stretch marks appear. Removal of this area eliminates stretch marks entirely.
No matter where you experience stretch marks the surgery can be done as long as there is an
excess of skin. Surgeries always come with the risk of scarring as well. However, these will be low
enough to cover up with clothing. And with proper care and treatment, they can be completely
faded within the first year after surgery.
Seek Natural Alternatives
Are you determined to do something about your stretch marks before they get worse?
Unfortunately, health insurance does not always cover aesthetic surgeries such as this one. The cost
depends on where you get the procedure done. An estimated price could range from 4000 to 7500
dollars. Therefore, it is in your best interest to evade stretch marks all together by preventing their
appearance by using particular natural products.
You dont have to pay for expensive treatments. Instead, why not try a more natural approach that
is helping thousands of people forget their stretch marks.
The best way to treat stretch marks is with natural products. Bio Body Cream eliminates stretch
marks by dissolving and renewing damaged tissues. This stretch mark scar removal cream is able to
digest scar tissue and moisturize your skin with its specially formulated biological ingredients.
Avoid expensive plastic surgeries and get rid of stretch marks the natural way with effective and
organic Biocutis skin treatment products.