Post on 08-Mar-2019
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN LAPORAN TUGAS AKHIR
PERENCANAAN STRUKTUR KOMPOSIT PADA
GEDUNG PERKANTORAN 5 LANTAI
DI SEMARANG
Diajukan untuk memenuhi persyaratan dalam menyelesaikan Pendidikan Tingkat Sarjana Strata I ( S1 ) pada Jurusan Teknik Sipil
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro Semarang
Disusun oleh :
Arif Kurniawan NIM : L2A 001 025
Didit Ari S. NIM : L2A 001 039
Semarang, Agustus 2006
Mengesahkan,
Dosen Pembimbing I
Ir. Udiyanto NIP. 130 444 354
Menyetujui,
Dosen Pembimbing II
Ir. R. Arwanto NIP. 132 046 699
Mengetahui,
Ketua Jurusan Teknik Sipil
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
Ir. Bambang Pudjianto, MS NIP. 131 459 442
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KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur kehadirat ALLAH SWT atas segala nikmat, rahmat, hidayah
dan inayah-Nya sehingga kami dapat menyelesaikan Laporan Tugas Akhir dengan
judul “Perencanaan Struktur Komposit Pada Gedung Perkantoran 5 Lantai di
Semarang “.
Tugas Akhir ini merupakan salah satu persyaratan yang harus ditempuh
dalam menyelesaikan Pendidikan Tingkat Sarjana ( Strata 1 ) Jurusan Teknik Sipil
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro Semarang.
Dalam kesempatan ini kami ingin menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih
yang sebesar-besarnya kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam
penyelesaian Tugas Akhir ini, terutama kepada:
1. Ir. Bambang Pudjianto, MT, selaku Ketua Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas
Teknik Universitas Diponegoro.
2. Ir. Arif Hidayat, CES., MT. selaku Ketua Bidang Pendidikan Jurusan
Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro
3. Ir. Udiyanto, selaku Dosen Pembimbing I yang telah membimbing dan
mengarahkan dalam penyusunan Laporan Tugas Akhir ini.
4. Ir. R. Arwanto, selaku Dosen Pembimbing II yang membimbing dan
mengarahkan dalam penyusunan Laporan Tugas Akhir ini..
5. Ir. Wahyudi Kushardoko, MT selaku Dosen Wali.
6. Ir. Hari Budieny, MT., selaku Dosen Wali.
7. Ibu dan Bapakku tercinta dan segenap keluarga, serta teman-teman yang
telah banyak memberikan dorongan, motivasi dan doa.
8. Seluruh Staf Pengajaran Jurusan Sipil Universitas Diponegoro Semarang.
9. kawan-kawan angkatan 2001 dan semua pihak yang telah memberikan
bantuan kepada penyusun baik secara moril maupun materiil dalam
penyusunan laporan Tugas Akhir ini.
Kami menyadari sepenuhnya bahwa Laporan Tugas Akhir ini masih jauh
dari kesempurnaan, oleh karena itu kami mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang
bersifat membangun dari para pembaca sekalian.
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Akhirnya kami berharap, semoga Laporan Tugas Akhir ini dapat
bermanfaat bagi kami khususnya dan para pembaca pada umumnya.
Semarang, Agustus 2006
Penyusun
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viii
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
KATA PENGANTAR
DAFTAR ISI
DAFTAR TABEL
DAFTAR GAMBAR
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1. Tinjauan Umum ............................................................................. I-1
1.2. Lokasi Proyek ................................................................................ I-1
1.3. Latar Belakang Proyek. ................................................................... I-1
1.4. Maksud Dan Tujuan ....................................................................... I-2
1.5. Pembatasan Masalah ...................................................................... I-2
1.6. Sistematika Penyusunan Laporan Tugas Akhir ............................ I-2
BAB II STUDI LITERATUR
2.1. Tinjauan Umum .............................................................................. II-4
2.2. Konsep Pemilihan Jenis Struktur ................................................... II-4
2.2.1. Elemen – Elemen Struktur Utama ................................................. II-7
2.2.2. Material / Bahan Struktur ............................................................... II-7
2.3. Konsep Desain / Perencanaaan Struktur ........................................ II-9
2.3.1. Desain Terhadap Beban Lateral (Gempa) ....................................... II-9
2.3.2. Denah Dan Konfigurasi Bangunan ................................................ II-11
2.3.3. Pemilihan Material ......................................................................... II-11
2.3.4. Konsep Pembebanan ...................................................................... II-12
2.3.5. Faktor Reduksi Kekuatan ............................................................... II-19
2.4. Perencanaan Struktur Atas ( Upper Structure ) ............................. II-20
2.4.1. Perencanaan Pelat ........................................................................... II-20
2.4.2. Penulangan Balok ........................................................................... II-23
2.4.3. Perencanaan Kolom........................ ................................................ II-36
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viii
2.4.4. Perencanaan Tangga ....................................................................... II-41
2.4.5. Perencanaan Lift.............................................................................. II-42
2.5. Perencanaan Struktur Bawah ( Sub Structure ) .............................. II-42
2.5.1. Penentuan Parameter Tanah ........................................................... II-43
2.5.2. Analisis Daya Dukung Tanah. ........................................................ II-43
2.5.3. Pondasi Tiang Pancang....................................................... ............ II-44
2.5.4. Dasar Perhitungan Dan Pedoman Perencanaan .............................. II-52
BAB III METODOLOGI
3.1. Tinjauan Umum ............................................................................. III-53
3.1.1. Data Primer .................................................................................... III-53
3.1.2. Data Sekunder ................................................................................ III-54
3.2. Analisis Dan Perhitungan ............................................................... III-56
3.3. Penyajian Laporan Dan Format Penggambaran ............................. III-56
BAB IV PERHITUNGAN STRUKTUR
4.1. Perhitungan Pelat ........................................................................... IV-57
4.1.1. Tinjauan Umum ............................................................................. IV-57
4.1.2. Penentuan Tebal Pelat ..................................................................... IV-57
4.1.3. Beban Yang bekerja Pada Pelat Lantai .......................................... IV-59
4.1.4. Perhitungan Penulangan Pelat ......................................................... IV-60
4.1.5. Perhitungan Tulangan ..................................................................... IV-64
4.2. Perhitungan Balok Anak ................................................................ IV-68
4.2.1. Tinjauan Umum .............................................................................. IV-68
4.2.2. Distribusi Beban Pelat Lantai ......................................................... IV-68
4.2.3. Perencanaan balok Anak ................................................................ IV-70
4.3. Perhitungan Tangga ........................................................................ IV-92
4.3.1. Tinjauan Umum ............................................................................. IV-92
4.3.2. Perencanaan Dimensi ...................................................................... IV-92
4.3.3. Perhitungan Struktur Tangga .......................................................... IV-95
4.4. Perhitungan Lift .............................................................................. IV-108
4.4.1. Tinjauan Umum .............................................................................. IV-108
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viii
4.4.2. Kapasitas Lift .................................................................................. IV-108
4.4.3. Perencanaan Konstruksi .................................................................. IV-108
4.4.4. Perencanaan Pelat Lantai ................................................................ IV-110
4.4.5. Perencanaan Balok anak ................................................................ IV-113
4.4.6. Perencanaan Balok Penggantung Lift ............................................ IV-116
4.5. Perhitungan Gempa ......................................................................... IV-121
4.5.1. Tinjauan Umum .............................................................................. IV-121
4.5.2. Faktor Keutamaan Struktur ............................................................. IV-122
4.5.3. Faktor Jenis Struktur ....................................................................... IV-122
4.5.4. Faktor Respon Gempa .................................................................... IV-122
4.5.5. Faktor Wilayah Gempa .................................................................. IV-123
4.5.6. Penentuan Jenis Tanah ................................................................... IV-123
4.5.7. Perhitungan Berat Total Bangunan ............................................... IV-124
4.5.8. Periode Getar Bangunan ............................................................... IV-127
4.5.9. Koefisien Respon Gempa .............................................................. IV-127
4.5.10. Gaya Horisontal Akibat Gempa .................................................... IV-128
4.5.11. Distribusi Gaya Geser Horisontal Akibat Gempa Pada Gedung .. IV-128
4.5.12. Pemeriksaan Periode Getar Struktur ............................................. IV-130
4.5.13. Distribusi Akhir Gaya Gempa ....................................................... IV-133
4.6. Perhitungan Portal ........................................................................... IV-134
4.6.1. Tinjauan Umum .............................................................................. IV-134
4.6.2. Estimasi Beban Grafitasi ................................................................. IV-134
4.6.3. Portal Beban Mati ........................................................................... IV-135
4.6.4. Portal Beban Hidup ......................................................................... IV-135
4.6.5. Portal Akibat Goyangan ................................................................. IV-138
4.6.6. Langkah Perhitungan Dengan Cross ............................................... IV-141
4.7. Perhitungan Struktur Balok Induk .................................................. IV-150
4.7.1. Tinjauan Umum .............................................................................. IV-150
4.8. Perhitungan Struktur Kolom ........................................................... IV-162
4.8.1 Perhitungan Profil ........................................................................... IV-162
4.8.2 Perhitungan Kapasitas Penampang ................................................. IV-163
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viii
4.8.3 Kontrol Beban Dan Momen Yang Bekerja Pada Penampang Kolom
......................................................................................................... IV-176
4.9. Sambungan ...................................................................................... IV-181
4.9.1 Perencanaan Sambungan Antar Balok anak .................................. IV-181
4.9.2 Perencanaan Sambungan Balok Dengan Kolom ............................. IV-184
4.9.3 Analisa Joint ................................................................................... IV-190
4.9.4 Sambungan Kolom Ke Base Plat .................................................... IV-195
4.10. Perhitungan struktur Pondasi .......................................................... IV-199
4.10.1 Tinjauan Umum .............................................................................. IV-199
4.10.2. Kontrol Daya Dukung ..................................................................... IV-199
4.10.3. Perhitungan Daya Dukung Tiang Tunggal ..................................... IV-199
4.10.4. Penentuan Jumlah Tiang ................................................................ IV-201
4.10.5. Menghitung Efisiensi Kelompok Tiang .......................................... IV-202
4.10.6. Perhitungan Beban Maxsimum Untuk Kelompok Tiang Yang Menerima
Beban Eksentris ............................................................................... IV-203
4.10.7.Kontrol terhadap Tegangan Geser Pons ........................................... IV-204
4.10.8. Penulangan Pile Cup ....................................................................... IV-206
4.10.9. Kontrol Daya Dukung Horisontal Akibat Tekanan Tanah ............. IV-208
4.10.10.Kontrol Penurunan Tiang ............................................................... IV-210
4.10.11. Penulangan Tiang Pancang ........................................................... IV-210
4.10.12. Perhitungan Pondasi Tangga ......................................................... IV-218
BAB V PENUTUP
5.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................................... VII-222
5.2 Saran ............................................................................................... VII-223
LAMPIRAN - LAMPIRAN
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Respon Spektrum Gempa Rencana ....................................... II-16
Gambar 2.2 Dimensi Bidang Pelat ............................................................ II-21
Gambar 2.3 Lebar Efektif Flens beton Pada Konstruksi Komposit.......... II-23
Gambar 2.4 Penampang Konstruksi Komposit Tanpa Pelat Penutup ....... II-24
Gambar 2.5 Gaya-gaya Yang Bekerja Pada Joint ..................................... II-31
Gambar 2.6 Analogi Antara Lentur Dan Puntir ....................................... II-34
Gambar 2.7 Diagram Interaksi P-M ......................................................... II-38
Gambar 2.8 Diagram Iteraksi Pn-e ........................................................... II-39
Gambar 2.9 Model Struktur Tangga ......................................................... II-40
Gambar 2.10 Pendimensian Struktur Tangga ............................................ II-41
Gambar 2.11 Diagram Tekanan Tanah Pasif ............................................. II-41
Gambar 2.12 Pengangkatan Tiang Pancang Dengan 2 Titik .................... II-49
Gambar 2.13 Pengangkatan Tiang Pancang Dengan 1 Titik .................... II-50
Gambar 4.1 Denah Pelat Lantai ................................................................ IV-57
Gambar 4.2 Denah Penulangan Pelat Lantai............................................. IV-66
Gambar 4.3 Denah Balok Anak Pada Lantai 2 s/d 4................................. IV-70
Gambar 4.4 Pemodelan Pembebanan Balok Anak Pada Pelat Lantai ..... IV-70
Gambar 4.5 Penampang Komposit Balok Anak ...................................... IV-76
Gambar 4.6 Penampang Komposit Pada Momen Negatif ........................ IV-78
Gambar 4.7 Analogi Lentur Dan Puntir .................................................... IV-80
Gambar 4.8 Kondisi Balok Anak BA4 ..................................................... IV-81
Gambar 4.9 Model Tangga Tipe K ........................................................... IV-92
Gambar 4.10 Detail Tangga ....................................................................... IV-94
Gambar 4.11 Model Portal Struktur Tangga .............................................. IV-96
Gambar 4.12 Free Body portal Tangga ....................................................... IV-97
Gambar 4.13 Potongan Lift 1-3 ................................................................... IV-110
Gambar 4.14 Denah Pelat Lantai ruang Mesin Lift 1-3 ............................. IV-111
Gambar 4.15 Penulangan Balok Anak Pelat Lantai ruang Mesin ............. IV-116
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Gambar 4.16 Balok Penggantung Lift ........................................................ IV-116
Gambar 4.17 Penulangan Balok Penggantung Lift .................................... IV-120
Gambar 4.18 Portal Arah sumbu X / As F .................................................. IV-121
Gambar 4.19 Portal Arah Sumbu Y / As 3 ................................................ IV-122
Gambar 4.20 Spektrum Respon Gempa Zona 4......................................... IV-123
Gambar 4.21 Distribusi Gaya Gempa Pada Portal Arah Sumbu X............ IV-129
Gambar 4.22 Distribusi Gaya Gempa Pada Portal Arah Sumbu Y............ IV-130
Gambar 4.23 Penampang Komposit .......................................................... IV-142
Gambar 4.24 Penampang Komposit Pada Balok Induk ............................. IV-151
Gambar 4.25 Penampang Komposit Pada Momen Negatif ....................... IV-153
Gambar 4.26 Tegangan Dan Gaya-gaya Pada Kolom ............................... IV-163
Gambar 4.27 Tegangan Dan Gaya-gaya Pada Kolom ............................... IV-165
Gambar 4.28 Tegangan Dan Gaya-gaya Pada Kolom ............................... IV-167
Gambar 4.29 Diagram Interaksi Pn-Mnx .................................................. IV-169
Gambar 4.30 Tegangan Dan Gaya-gaya Pada Kolom ............................... IV-170
Gambar 4.31 Tegangan Dan Gaya-gaya Pada Kolom ............................... IV-172
Gambar 4.32 Tegangan Dan Gaya-gaya Pada Kolom ............................... IV-174
Gambar 4.33 Diagram Interaksi Pn-Mny ................................................... IV-176
Gambar 4.34 Diagram Interaksi Pn-ey....................................................... IV-179
Gambar 4.35 Diagram Interaksi Pn-ex....................................................... IV-180
Gambar 4.36 Sambungan Las BA2 dengan BA3....................................... IV-181
Gambar 4.37 Sambungan Balok IWF 350.350 Yang Saling Bertemu ...... IV-183
Gambar 4.38 Sambungan Balok ke kolom ( Sayap Balok ke Sayap) ........ IV-185
Gambar 4.39 Sambungan Balok Ke Kolom(Sayap Balok ke Badan) ........ IV-187
Gambar 4.40 Gaya-gaya Yang bekerja Pada Joint .................................... IV-190
Gambar 4.41 Rencana Joint ....................................................................... IV-190
Gambar 4.42 Rencana Base Plat ................................................................ IV-195
Gambar 4.43 Base Plat .............................................................................. IV-198
Gambar 4.44 Tipe Poer ( Pile cup) ............................................................ IV-202
Gambar 4.45 Penulangan Pile cup ............................................................ IV-207
Gambar 4.46 Diagram Tekanan Tanah Pasif ............................................. IV-208
Gambar 4.47 Penurunan Pondasi ............................................................... IV-210
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Gambar 4.48 Pengangkatan Tiang Pancang Dengan 2 Titik ..................... IV-213
Gambar 4.49 Pengangkatan Tiang Pancang Dengan 1 Titik ..................... IV-213
Gambar 4.50 Penulangan Tiang Pancang .................................................. IV-217
Gambar 4.51 Pondasi Tangga .................................................................... IV-218
Gambar 4.48 Tekanan Vertikal Pada Pondasi Tangga ............................... IV-219
Gambar 4.49 Diagram Tegangan Kontak pada Pondasi Tangga ............... IV-220
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Beban Mati Pada Struktur ......................................................... I-12
Tabel 2.2 Beban Hidup Pada Lantai Bangunan ....................................... I-13
Tabel 2.3 Definisi Jenis Tanah .................................................................. II-15
Tabel 2.4 Faktor Keutamaan Struktur ....................................................... II-15
Tabel 2.5 Faktor Wilayah Gempa ............................................................. II-15
Tabel 2.6 Reduksi Kekuatan…. ................................................................ II-20
Tabel 4.1 Tipe Dan Ukuran Pelat .............................................................. IV-57
Tabel 4.2 Tipe Dan Ukuran Tebal Pelat.................................................... IV-58
Tabel 4.3 Fungsi Dan Besar beban Hidup ................................................ IV-59
Tabel 4.4 Momen Pelat Lantai 2,3,4 Tiap Tipe ........................................ IV-63
Tabel 4.5 Momen Pelat lantai 5 Tiap Tipe ................................................ IV-64
Tabel 4.6 Momen Pelat Atap………......… .............................................. IV-64
Tabel 4.7 Penulangan Pelat Lantai ............................................................ IV-67
Tabel 4.8 Koefisien Momen ...................................................................... IV-72
Tabel 4.9 Koefisien Gaya Geser…….… .................................................. IV-73
Tabel 4.10 Sifat-sifat Penampang Pada Momen Negatif .......................... IV-78
Tabel 4.11 Perhitungan penghubung Geser Balok Anak ......................... IV-86
Tabel 4.12 Pemilihan Profil Balok Anak ................................................. IV-87
Tabel 4.13 Analisa penampang Komposit Balok Anak ........................... IV-88
Tabel 4.14 Pemeriksaan Tegangan Balok Anak Pada Momen Positif...... IV-89
Tabel 4.15 Pemeriksaan Tegangan Balok Anak Pada Momen Negatif .... IV-90
Tabel 4.16 Pemeriksaan lendutan Balok .................................................. IV-91
Tabel 4.17 Distribusi Momen Dengan Cara Cross .................................... IV-97
Tabel 4.18 Perhitungan Kuat Geser Niralir Rata-rata....………….… ....... IV-124
Tabel 4.19 Distribusi Gaya Gempa Disepanjang Tinggi Bangunan Pada Portal
Arah sumbu X dan Sumbu Y ................................................... IV-129
Tabel 4.20 Simpangan Pada portal Akibat Gaya Horisontal ..................... IV-132
Tabel 4.21 Periode Getar Struktur Dengan Rumus Rayleigh .................... IV-132
Tabel 4.22 Gaya Terbesar dari Perhitungan Cross ..................................... IV-145
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Tabel 4.23 Sifst-sifat Penampang Pada Momen Negatif ........................... IV-154
Tabel 4.24 Pemilihan Profil Balok Induk .................................................. IV-160
Tabel 4.25 Perhitungan Tegangan Pada Momen Positif ............................ IV-160
Tabel 4.26 Perhitungan Tegangan Pada Momen Negatif .......................... IV-160
Tabel 4.27 Analisa Penampang Komposit ................................................. IV-161
Tabel 4.28 Perhitungan Lendutan Pada Balok Induk ................................ IV-161
Tabel 4.29 Perhitungan Jumlah Penghubung Geser .................................. IV-161
Tabel 4.30 Harga Pn-Mnx ......................................................................... IV-169
Tabel 4.31 Harga Pn – Mny ..................................................................... IV-175
Tabel 4.32 Harga Pn – ey……………….…… ......................................... IV-179
Tabel 4.33 Harga Pn – ex .…… ................................................................ IV-180
Tabel 4.34 Perhitungan Daya Dukung Tanah (Data Sondir)............... ..... IV-200
Tabel 4.35 Momen Vertikal....................................................... ............... IV-219
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