GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN PRAKTIK IBU BALITA DALAM MENCEGAH PRAKTIK IBU BALITA DALAM MENCEGAH

PNEUMONIA PNEUMONIA (Penelitian di Posyandu Wilayah Kerja (Penelitian di Posyandu Wilayah Kerja

Puskesmas Cimahi Tengah Tahun 2012)Puskesmas Cimahi Tengah Tahun 2012)

Hesti Oktavina S

4111091036

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Latar Belakang

Infeksi Saluran Nafas Akut (ISPA)

Penyebab Utama Morbiditas dan

Mortalitas pada anak

Bawah

Atas

Pneumonia

Masalah kesehatan masyarakat utama

>2 juta anak balita meninggal

Penyumbang terbesar kematian

Pembunuh anak no.1

(the number one killer of children)

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Latar Belakang3 Kecamatan

Cimahi

Insidensi pneumonia

tertinggi

Kecamatan Cimahi Tengah

Puskesmas Cimahi Tengah

Jumlah penderita terbanyak usia 1-4

tahun

Rentan terserang penyakit

Periode penting tumbuh kembang

Peran keluarga terutama ibu

Menanggulangi masalah peny.pneumonia

Orang pertama tanda/gejala anak

Masa keemasan

(golden age)

Sasaran utama

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Identifikasi Masalah

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Kegunaan Penelitian

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Kerangka Pemikiran

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METODE PENELITIANMETODE PENELITIAN

Rancangan Penelitian

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Subyek Penelitian

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Ukuran Sampel

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Optometric Examination

1. Correct any distance refractive error.

(Working distance, correct height, intermediate zone, lens design)

2. Correct any near refractive error.

(Low plus lenses +0.75, etc.)

3. Test for binocular anomalies.

4. Evaluate for dry eyes.

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Ergonomic Aspects

1. Lighting 2. Characteristics of the computer display

(The smallest possible pixel size is preferable, Contrast, Faster screen refresh rate)

3. Work station design about 65 cm distance 10-20 degrees or 10-20 cm below eye level

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Improving Visual Comfort at a Computer Workstation

Lighting Screen Reflections Flicker Problems Display Characteristics Workstation Furniture and

Arrangement

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Improving Visual Comfort at a Computer Workstation

Lighting Eliminate bright light Avoid white reflective surfaces Use indirect lighting systems

Screen Reflections Use an antireflection screen cover the sources of the reflections Use dark characters on a light background

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Improving Visual Comfort at a Computer Workstation

Flicker Problems Display Characteristics

Monochrome monitors Maximized resolution

Workstation Furniture and Arrangement

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Visual Ergonomics In The Workplace

The Terminal Eye Position Glare Computer Glasses Vision Therapy Computer Vision Testing Eye Self-Care

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Visual Ergonomics In The Workplace

The Terminal Eye Position

Paper 30-40 cm 40 degrees Monitor 20-25 cm below eye of sight

Glare offices are much too bright for terminal work.

Computer Glasses

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Visual Ergonomics In The Workplace

Vision Therapy Computer Vision Testing

(VDT-related visual stress) on-line questionnaire vision tests

Eye Self-Care

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Eye Self-Care ("3 B's“)

Blink- normally 12-15 times a minute

Breathe-relax the eye muscles

Breaks-Micro-Break

-Mini-Break

-Maxi-Break

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Keyboard Hand Positioning

INCORRECT CORRECT

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Proper Posture

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How can you prevent CVS?

Take frequent breaks: 20-20-20:– Every 20 minutes, focus on an object 20 feet

away for 20 seconds Try to blink more frequently Adjust lighting: Use ambient light to reduce

glare Adjust computer screen to 20-24 inches

away from you about 20 degrees below eye level

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Magnified view of a printed letter

Magnified view of a letter on a computer screen                      

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SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS

1. 1. Position the Monitor 20 to 26 Inches away the Position the Monitor 20 to 26 Inches away the EyesEyes

2. 2. Take Breaks between 20 to 60 Minutes for about Take Breaks between 20 to 60 Minutes for about 2-4 Minutes2-4 Minutes

3. 3. Arrange light source to Minimize glare & Arrange light source to Minimize glare & Reflections on the ScreenReflections on the Screen

4. 4. Blink frequently to Moisture the EyesBlink frequently to Moisture the Eyes5. 5. Use Anti-Glare Computer Screen or Anti-Glare Use Anti-Glare Computer Screen or Anti-Glare

Spectacles.Spectacles.

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TIP - 1TIP - 1

Wear glassesWear glasses, , with UV with UV protection while working protection while working at the computer, even if at the computer, even if one normally doesn’t one normally doesn’t need corrective vision.need corrective vision.

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TIP - 2

Remind yourself to Remind yourself to blinkblink more often while more often while working at the working at the computer screen to computer screen to prevent dryness of the prevent dryness of the eyes.eyes.

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TIP - 3

Take 15 or 20 second Take 15 or 20 second rest rest breaksbreaks every 15 every 15 minutes. Use this time minutes. Use this time to just look around to just look around the room.the room.

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TIP - 4

Adjust the Adjust the positionposition of of your computer screen. It your computer screen. It should be below eye should be below eye level, so you’re looking level, so you’re looking down at it. A viewing down at it. A viewing distance of 20” to 26” distance of 20” to 26” inches is ideal.inches is ideal.

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TIP -5

Black characters on a Black characters on a white backgroundwhite background are are usually the best. Avoid usually the best. Avoid dark backgrounds. The dark backgrounds. The size of the text should be size of the text should be three times the size of three times the size of the smallest text you can the smallest text you can read.read.

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TIP - 6

Use Use Grey Tinted LensesGrey Tinted Lenses, , which is a Neutral which is a Neutral Absorber and can filter Absorber and can filter unwanted effects of unwanted effects of certain colorscertain colors..

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TIP - 7

Keep your computer Keep your computer screen screen free of dust.free of dust.

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ERGONOMICSERGONOMICS

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Wear glasses with Anti-Wear glasses with Anti-Reflection Coating while Reflection Coating while working in front of the working in front of the computer.computer.

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The monitor should be The monitor should be positioned at your eye positioned at your eye level or slightly below level or slightly below your eye level.your eye level.

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This is the ideal This is the ideal position of your position of your monitor & is the correct monitor & is the correct posture of a computer posture of a computer user.user.

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Make sure your wrists Make sure your wrists are not bent while are not bent while using the keyboard & using the keyboard & the mousethe mouse..

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Avoid bright overhead Avoid bright overhead lighting that directly lighting that directly falls on your facefalls on your face..

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Uncomfortable chair & Uncomfortable chair & Position can cause neck Position can cause neck strainstrain..

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Adjust the height of the Adjust the height of the chair so that your feet chair so that your feet are firmly on the are firmly on the ground.ground.

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Improper posture & Improper posture & un- comfortable chair un- comfortable chair can cause back strain can cause back strain & back pain& back pain..

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ADVANTAGES OF ANTI-GLARE COATING ADVANTAGES OF ANTI-GLARE COATING (ARC)(ARC)

Eliminate reflections almost entirely.Eliminate reflections almost entirely. Reduce eye fatigue in office environment and Reduce eye fatigue in office environment and

under artificial light.under artificial light. Cuts the glare from PC Monitor.Cuts the glare from PC Monitor.