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Pengenalan Investasi TI/SI

Fajar Pradana S.ST., M.Eng

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Contoh investasi di bidangTI

Mengapa berinvestasi di bidang TI?

Ada hubungan antaraTI dengan performansi perusahaan

PerkembanganTI yang banyak mempengaruhi perusahaan

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Information Economics

Linking Business Performance andInformation Technology

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As IT adoption became more widespread, the emphasis began to shift from using IT solely to

reduce costs to also using it to improve the quality of firms’ operations and products.

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PC-Client/Server 

S/360Mainframe

 Asia/Pacific (Dev. Economies)

Accelerating Business

Information Economics

Total IT Spending as a Percent of RevenueSource: Gartner Group

10.0% North America

Web-Internet

Western Europe

5.0

Unit Spending

0

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

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I f i E i

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Information Economics

Some Negative Impacts of IT Investments

IT overhead costs are consistently larger than anticipated

(Source: AT. Kearney, 1987).

IT is not linked to overall productivity increases (Source: OECD,

1988).

Only 31% of companies report that the introduction of IT has

 been very successful (Source: Amdahl, 1988).

70% of users declared that their systems were not running their 

company’s investment (Source: Romtech, 1989).

Only 24% of firms claim an above average return on capital

from their IT (Source: Hochstrasser & Griffiths, 1990).

20% of IT spend is wasted and 30-40% of IS projects realize no

net benefit whatsoever, however measured (Source: Willcocks,

1991),And many more “discouraging” statements found in text books,

 journals, magazines, etc.

What does it mean?

IT really didn’t have or give significant economic values, OR 

IT values had never been explored optimally.

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Contoh Kasus: E- commerce

Pemesanan via internet yang diantar langsung ke rumahmaksimal kurun waktu 24 jam.

Pemesanan bertambah   Produktifitas meningkat

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Contoh Kasus: E- Learning

Pembelajaran via internet di UB.

Investasi server, pemeliharaan, dsb

Perkirakan darimana pendapatan UB untuk e-learning?

Apakah menguntungkan?

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SCM

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Further Question

IT really didn’t have or give significant economicvalues

OR

IT values had never been explored optimally

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 TIPE INVESTASI TI/SI

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Peranan TI

Bersifat unik dan spesifik  Tergantung strategi

Bandingkan apa yang terjadi jika web bhineka dot com dan

toko elektronik hartono rusak? Konsumen mana yang

akan lebih panik ketika web tersebut rusak?

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5 Jenis Investasi

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Kategori 1: Kelangsungan Bisnis

KeberadaanTI mutlak  Misal perbankan, beri contoh lainnya

Analisa menimbang investasi menjadi jarang

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Kategori 2: Meningkatkan efisiensi

Diharapkan dengan investasi TI terjadi reduksi biaya ataupengoptimalan alokasi sumber daya perusahaan

Misal: penerapan intranet, website, etc

Metode untuk analisa: cost benefit (dikomparasi antara

besarnya investasi dengan manfaat efisiensi yangdidapatkan)

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Kategori 3: Meningkatkan efektifitas kerja

Do the right thing Misal DSS, datawarehouse untuk keperluan business

intelligence, e-commerce, cari contoh lainnya.

Tipe investasi yang kritikal bagian dari proses tertentu

Analisa aktifitas bisnis mana yg core, mana yang bukan,dimanaTI akan menopang maksimal

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Kategori 4:lompatan keunggulan kompetitif 

Meninggalkan pesaing dengan menggunakan teknologiyang pesaing belum miliki

Misal: call center, SCM, etc

Investasi bersifat strategis, perspektif jangka panjang

Analisa terkait dengan analisa strategis dengan pimpinansenior

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Kategori 5: Investasi TI yang tidak dapat

dihindarkan

teknologi informasi sebagai salah satu perangkatinfrastruktur yang tidak dapat dihindari

corporate website, office productivity (word processor,

spreadsheet, dsb)

Biasanya untuk investasi, pimpinan melakukanbenchmarking ke tempat lain.

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 TEPATKAH INVESTASI TI KITA?

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Manfaat TI

Tangible Berpengaruh langsung pada profitabilitas perusahaan

Intangible

Manfaat positif yang diperoleh perusahaan namun tidak 

berkorelasi langsung dengan profitabilitas perusahaanKEDUANYA ADA YANG DAPAT DIUKUR DAN ADA YANG

TIDAK DAPAT DIUKUR

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 Teknik-teknik evaluasi investasi TI

ROI CBA

MULTI OBJECTIVE, MULTI CRITERIA METHOD

BOUNDARY VALUES

ROM

INFORMATION ECONOMICS

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Discussion : Productivity Gains from IS/IT

Farrell (2003) explored the link between productivity, atboth industry and organizational level, and the

expenditure on IT.

Indeed in the US, just six sectors accounted for 76% of

the country’s net productivity gain. From this sheconcluded that ‘IT is of great, but not primary, importance

to the fate of industries and individual companies’.

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