Download - Notes and lectotypification of names based on Brazilian collections of Prince Maximilian of Wied

Notes and lectotypification of names based on Brazilian collectionsof Prince Maximilian of Wied

P. L. R. de Moraes1

Summary. In the course of reconstructing the Brazilian herbarium of Prince Maximilian of Wied, severalspecies were found in the literature which need either correction or clarification. Problems include priorityconsiderations, authority of species names, conflicting typifications and other errors. This paper reports 12currently accepted species collected by Prince Maximilian in Brazil, commenting on their taxonomic statusand nomenclature. Included are type specimens of Andromeda ambigua Schrad. (lecto and isolectotypes; =Agarista revoluta (Spreng.) Hook. f. ex Nied.), Andromeda crassifolia Nees (lecto and isolectotypes; = Agaristarevoluta), Aphelandra marginata Nees & Mart. (lecto and isolectotypes), Aphelandra maximiliana (Nees) Benth.(lecto and isolectotypes), Ceiba ventricosa (Nees & Mart.) Ravenna (lectotype), Cinnamodendron axillare (Nees)Endl. ex Walp. (lecto and isolectotypes), Croton gnaphaloides Schrad. (lecto and isolectotype), C. klaenzei Müll. Arg.(holotype), Geissomeria nitida (Nees & Mart.) Nees & Mart. (lecto and isolectotypes), Nectandra squarrosa Nees var.pyrifolia Nees (lecto and isolectotypes; = Ocotea squarrosa (Nees) Mez), Ocotea squarrosa (lecto and isolectotypes),Pavonia semiserrata (Schrad.) Steud. (lecto and isolectotypes), Stenandrium serpens Nees (lecto and isolectotypes),Zollernia falcata Wied-Neuw. & Nees (lecto and isolectotypes; = Z. glabra (Spreng.) Yakovlev) and Z. splendens Wied-Neuw. & Nees (lectotype; = Z. glabra). Additionally, a new name, Aphelandra verrugensis P. L. R. Moraes, is proposed toreplace Synandra amoena Schrad., which is the oldest name of the taxon currently known as Aphelandra ignea Nees.

Key Words. Acanthaceae, Bombacaceae, Canellaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Leguminosae, Malvaceae.

IntroductionIn 1815 Maximilian Alexander Philipp, Prinz zu Wied-Neuwied (since 1824: zu Wied; Roth 2001: 139;Hannibal et al. 2009: 5; hereafter referred to as Wied),undertook an expedition to Brazil to study its naturalhistory and indigenous population. Upon returning toGermany in 1817, he took with him extensive anddetailed field notes, and rich ethnological, zoologicaland botanical collections. His analysis of the journeywas published in a comprehensive two-volume travelaccount, Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817.His expedition was the first undertaken through thecoastal regions of the states of Rio de Janeiro, EspíritoSanto and Bahia, providing a wealth of botanicalmaterial collected by the Prince and by Friedrich

Sellow and Georg Wilhelm Freyreiss, who were Wied’scompanions for parts of his itinerary.

According to Urban (1906), Wied’s originalcollection comprised 650 numbers and was ‘donated’to the botanist Karl Friedrich Philipp von Martius. Infact, Martius bought 650 Wied species in 1828(accession no. 133 of Martius’ private herbariumcatalogue; Eichler 1869: 13), which are in HerbariumMartii in BR. Other parts of the collection can befound in Herbarium Kunth in B,1 in HerbariumSchrader in GENT, GOET, LE and W, HerbariumNees von Esenbeck in GZU, and other duplicatesand/or fragments are dispersed in several herbaria,including F, FI, FR, G, K, LD, M, MEL, MO, NY, P, Sand US.

1 According to Hiepko (1987), Kunth’s herbarium in Berlin (B) was a collection of c. 70,000 specimens, comprising about 54,500 species.Information on extant specimens of Kunth’s herbarium that survived the destruction of the herbarium building in 1943, and about howmany Wied specimens were originally represented in Kunth’s collection are not available. At least three species that were clearly quotedin the literature as having Wied specimens ex Herb. Kunth in Berlin, viz. Bertolonia ovata DC. (B† — F neg. 16910), Spennera brachybotryaDC. (B†), and Spennera latifolia DC. (B† — F neg. 16823), were destroyed. To date 41 species collected by Wied are known to have hadspecimens housed at Berlin. Of them, 18 are unlocated or presumably destroyed, and the other 23 have 27 specimens extant. For theLauraceae, for instance, a family that was partially saved in 1943, there are at least 47 specimens from Herb. Kunth, but the two speciescollected by Wied that are still found there came from Herb. Martii. Last but not least, a specimen collected by Wied of Lasiandramaximiliana DC., ex Herb. Kunth, is kept in Munich (M — F neg. 6355), which indicates that duplicates of specimens from Kunth’sherbarium could be found elsewhere.

Accepted for publication December 2011.1 Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Sistemática Molecular - LAMOL - Sala 11, Avenida

Transnordestina s/n, Bairro Novo Horizonte, CEP 44036-900, Bahia, Brazil. e-mail: [email protected]

KEW BULLETIN VOL. 66: 493–503 (2011)

© The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 2012

According to Martius (1837), an almost completecollection of Brazilian plants, with about 600 numbers,was donated by Wied to his old professor HofrathSchrader of Göttingen. The materials received byMartius were in part used and described by Martiusand Nees von Esenbeck, and most were made availableto the botanists participating in the Flora Brasiliensis.There is also an indication, from the intense corre-spondence between Nees von Esenbeck and Wieduntil 1828 (Bosch Brasilien-Bibliothek, Stuttgart,Mappe 1054, apud Stoverock 2001), that Wied puthis herbarium of Brazilian plants up for sale in 1824,but at that time Nees did not have the money to buy itfor the Botanical Garden in Bonn (letters of 8 January1824, 10 April 1824, 17 January 1825, 5 November1826). According to Kuhn (1991: 11), Wied collectedabout 5,000 specimens of 1,000 Brazilian species ofplants (the same number of species indicated by Wied1817: 1520). From a thorough search in the literatureand from specimens found in different herbaria(Moraes 2009; Moraes et al. unpubl. data), about1,074 species (c. 1,729 specimens) are known to havebeen collected by Wied in Brazil. A detailed accountand contextualisation of Wied’s achievements inbotany were provided by Moraes (2009), together withidentifications of specimens held in Wied’s privateherbarium.

Wied collaborated with Hofrath Heinrich AdolfSchrader in Göttingen, Karl Theodor Mencke(Menke) in Pyrmont, Hofkammerrath WilhelmKlenze (Klaenze) in Laubach, and Christian GottfriedDaniel Nees von Esenbeck in Bonn, for the curation ofhis herbarium (Martius 1837: 34). Although Wied didnot number most of his gatherings, it is common tofind many of them with numbers given by Menke,Klenze, Nees and Schrader, which are not necessarilyrelated to Wied’s own enumeration (see Moraes 2008,2009). Regarding the dates found on labels ofspecimens at Herbarium Martii, it is worth pointingout that many of them have the printed format“Hort Monac …. 182….”, which, for example, hasbeen handwritten by Martius as “Princ. M. Neov.1827”. As Wied stayed in Brazil from 1815 to 1817,the year “1827” cannot be the year of thecollection by Wied, but is more likely to be eitherthe date Martius received the specimen or that itwas communicated to him by Wied (Moraes 2009).Whenever possible, the dates of Wied collectionsmust be searched directly from his original labels,which are, as a rule, the most accurate source ofinformation.

The objective of the present work is to correct andclarify discrepancies found in the literature, whichwere detected during the preparation of a catalogueof species collected by Wied in Brazil (Moraes et al.unpubl. data). Lectotype designations are also givenwhenever pertinent.

Material and methodsHerbarium material was consulted in B, BR, G, G-DC,GOET, GZU, M and MO; digital images of specimenskept at F, FR, HAL, JE, K, L, LD, LE, MEL, NY,OKLA, P, S, U, US and W were also verified.Photographs from the collection of negatives in Fare referred to as “F neg.”, followed by the negativenumber. Herbarium acronyms follow Thiers (2009).The private herbarium2 of Prince Maximilian (here-after called “Herbarium Wied”) is currently housedat the Palace of Neuwied, Germany. The numbersindicated in square brackets after “Herbarium Wied”are those written by Wied, usually in ink on the labelsof each specimen, later when he was in Germany, andhence do not represent a collector number. Thewords indicated in square brackets after handwrittenabbreviations on labels refer to the most probablewhole word spelling.

Results

Acanthaceae

Aphelandra marginata Nees & Mart. inWied (1823: 52).Type: Brazil, Bahia, “Barra da Vareda” [Inhobim],3 Feb.1817, M. A. P., Prinz zu Wied LXXVIII (lectotype BR6942380!, selected by Wasshausen (1975: 113), as‘holotype’, cf. Art. 9.8; second-step lectotype BR6942380 left-hand branch!, selected here; isolectotypesBR 6942380 right-hand branch!, GZU 000250624!, exherb. Nees).

3 Wied (1821: 157 – 166) stayed in Barra da Vareda from 31 Jan.1817 to 5 Feb. 1817. According to Bokermann (1957: 236) andPaynter & Traylor (1991a: 292), Barra da Vareda is the currentInhobim (15°16′14″S, 40°57′16″W).

2 The private herbarium of Prince Maximilian of Wied wasrediscovered in May 1998, in the library of the Palace ofNeuwied, by Dr Hans-Jürgen Krüger (Fürstlich WiedischesArchiv) and the photo historian Wolfgang Horbert, when theywere preparing the first exhibition of the collection of oldphotos owned by the family Wied. This herbarium wasconsidered missing for 20 years until Dr Krüger located apreviously inaccessible cabinet, whose contents proved to be22 parcels of dried plants collected by Wied over 26 years.Approximately 7,000 plants were gathered between 1808 and1834 in Germany and from the journeys of the Prince toBrazil andthe U.S.A. One parcel of 125 specimens contained botanicalcollections gathered in Brazil (1815 – 1817), another is related tohis travel to North America (1832 – 1834), and 20 to theWesterwald (Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany). The parcel ofBrazilian species includes 98 species in 36 families ofAngiosperms (and two still indeterminate), and three fami-lies of Cryptogams (Moraes 2009). Some of these specimensare probable duplicates of those currently housed in severalpublic herbaria, but there are many that are so far only knownfrom the gatherings that Wied kept in his private collection(see Moraes 2009).

494 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 66(4)


NOTES. The specimen at BR has two branches collectedby Wied mounted together on the same sheet, each onepossessing a label with the same information andhandwriting by Wied, demonstrating they are twogatherings rather than only one. The branch on the leftbears flowers, while the other is sterile, therefore theformer is chosen as lectotype. The labels state: (Left-hand branch) “B.d.V. [Barra da Vareda] Justicia ? 1 – 2 F.[uß] hoch nahe an der Erde im Walde. Blume feurigscharlachroth”,4 handwritten by Wied, and “N. v. E.[Nees von Esenbeck] LXXVIII” written anonymously;(Right-hand branch) “B.d.V. [Barra da Vareda] Justicia ?1 – 2 F.[uß] hoch nahe an der Erde im Walde. Blumefeurig scharlachroth. Erbitte zurück. LXXVIII”,5 hand-written by Wied.

Aphelandra maximiliana (Nees) Benth. (Bentham 1876:1103). Type: Brazil, Espírito Santo, “in sylvis Arassatibaeprope Barra do Jucu” [Fazenda Araçatiba],6 M. A. P.,Prinz zu Wied s.n. (lectotype BR 6943035!, selected here;isolectotypes GOET 000752!, GZU 000250152!).Lagochilium maximilianum Nees (1847a: 85) (as

‘maximilianeum’).

NOTES. Originally, Lagochilium maximilianum seemed tobe based on two collections, one made by Wied andone by Sellow, as indicated by Nees (1847a: 86). Later,Nees (1847b: 293) cited three different collections ofSellow (179, 180, 233 [F! neg. 8710], all at B†).However, judging from the photo of F neg. 8710, thenumber “233” marked on top left of the label is not acollector number (see Moraes 2008). The threesyntypes of Sellow at K (K 000534445!, annotated byNees; K 000534446!, sterile; K 000534447!, annotatedby Nees) are unnumbered. The Wied collection hasbeen chosen as the lectotype because the species wasnamed after him and the specimen has an indicationof the locality, which is not the case for Sellow’scollections. Wied specimens at BR and GZU wereannotated by Nees. The former was chosen as thelectotype because it bears an original label by Wied.Specimens at BR and GOET have almost identicallabels, which are problematic regarding the dateindicated. Both show “1816/ März im Walde vonArassatiba bey Barra de Jucú. Blume hochscharlachroth, die Blumenspica [=Ähre] 4 eckigt. 3 –4 Fuß hoch”,7 but Wied visited Fazenda Araçatiba

(Wied 1820a: 188) in December 1815. Therefore it ispossible that Wied had forgotten to correct the date.

Aphelandra verrugensis P. L. R. Moraes nom. nov.Type: Brazil, Bahia, “Str. v. C. F. S.” [Strasse vonCapitam Filisberto Gomes da Silva]8 [near Rio Ver-ruga],9 27 Jan. 1817 (Wied 1821: 152 – 153, 343), M. A.P., Prinz zu Wied s.n. (Schrader 35, Nees 35)10 (lectotypeGOET 000058!, selected here; isolectotypes BR6942458!, GZU 000267091!, ex herb. Nees).Synandra amoena Schrad., Gött. Gel. Anz. 1821 (2): 715

– 716 (Schrader 1821).Aphelandra ignea Nees (1821a: 299 – 300), nom. illegit.Stenandrium igneum Nees (1847a: 78), nom. illegit.Hemitome ignea Nees ex Nees (1847a: 78), nom. nud.Lagochilium igneum (Nees) Nees (1847b: 292), nom. illegit.

ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED. BRAZIL. Espírito Santo:“in sylvis ad Arassatibae prope Barra de Jucu, Martio”[Araçatiba], Dec. 1815 (Wied 1820a: 188), M. A. P., Prinzzu Wied s.n. (GZU 000250155!, ex herb. Nees).NOTES. Synandra amoena Schrad. was published bySchrader on 5 May 1821 (date indicated on page 705of the Göttingische Gelehrte Anzeigen; Schrader 1821),while Aphelandra ignea Nees was published on 21 May1821 (date indicated on page 289 of Flora; Nees1821a). On 7 June 1821 (date indicated on page 321of Flora; Nees 1821b), Nees acknowledged the publi-cation by Schrader and established the synonymybetween S. amoena and A. ignea. Thus, S. amoena isthe older name and a new name must be coined as the

5 “Erbitte zurück”: “Please return”.6 According to Bokermann (1957: 218), it was an old farm in themargins of the River Jucu, which seems to be the modern city ofAraçatiba (Paynter & Traylor 1991a: 26).7 “March in the forest at Araçatiba near Barra de Jucu. Flowerhighly scarlet, the spike 4-angular. 3 – 4 ft high”.

10 Numbers found on labels of specimens, which refer to therespective numbers given by Schrader (1821) and by Nees(1821a, b) for the species described.

4 “B.d.V. [Barra da Vareda] Justicia ? 1 – 2 ft high near theground in forest. Flower fiery scarlet”.

9 Short river with mouth on Rio Pardo (Paynter & Traylor 1991b:671). Both Wied (1821: 152 – 153, 343) and Bokermann (1957:235) referred to it as “Rio Berruga”.

8 or “via Felisbertia”, “Waldstrasse”, and “Minas-Strasse”, asindicated by Wied (1821) and from labels. It is the road openedby “Tenente-Coronel Filisberto Gomes da Silva”, a relative ofMarechal Felisberto Caldeira, who had ordered and paid for thisenterprise two years before Wied’s travels, and which linked theharbour of Ilhéus to the border with Minas Gerais, to the east ofthe village of Rio Pardo (Spix & Martius 1828). According toWied (1821: 99 – 100), the opening of this road through theforests was very expensive and was intended to connect theinland territories (sertão) of the Provinces of Minas Gerais andBahia to the sea ports, in order to trade inland products fornecessary commodities. Some cattle traders indeed came fromthe “sertão” to Ilhéus with their herds of cattle, but they did notfind purchasers, nor means to embark the animals for Salvador,and this obliged them to sell their cattle at a loss. The failure ofthis enterprise dissuaded cattle traders from making furtherattempts and the road was soon abandoned and closed by theforest. Wied (1821: 123 – 160) left “S. Pedro d’Alcantara”(Itabuna) on 6 Jan. 1817 for “Barra da Vareda” (Inhobim),where he arrived on 30 Jan. 1817, along the road of CaptainFilisberto.

495BRAZILIAN SPECIES NAMES BASED ON PRINCE WIED’S COLLECTIONS


specific epithet is already occupied by Aphelandraamoena W. Bull (1888: 7). Wasshausen (1975: 53)indicated the authority of the species name asAphelandra ignea (Schrad.) Nees ex Steud. (Steudel1840: 111), hence erroneously quoting the informa-tion given by Steudel (as “Aphelandra ignea. Nees.Brasil”) and overlooking the fact that Nees (1821a)had published the species already, repeating the samemistake made by Nees himself (1847a: 78) in citing“Synandra ignea Schrader, Maxim. Princ. Videns. It. 2:343.1821” in the synonymy of Stenandrium igneum. The onlyspecies quoted by Wied (1821: 343) is Synandra amoenaSchrad. (correctly quoted by Steudel 1840: 111). Thename Synandra ignea Schrad. was thus never published bySchrader, nor can it be taken to be a typographicalcorrection. Specimen GOET 000058 has been chosen aslectotype because it is the best preserved. It has anoriginal label handwritten by Wied stating “Januar 1817.Str.[aße] d.[es] C.[apitam] F.[ilisberto] S.[ilva]. Blume hochfeurig orangeroth. Auf der Erde niedrig”,11 whereasspecimen BR 6942458, also with an original label byWied, states “Schrader u.[nd] Nees v.[on] Esenbeck n≗

35. Januar 1817. Blume hochfeurig orangene Farben.Niedrig auf dem Boden. s. Götting.[ische] gel.[ehrte]Anzeigen”.12 The specific epithet of the new name refersto the Verruga river, the type locality.

Geissomeria nitida (Nees & Mart.) Nees & Mart. inNees (1847a: 80). Type: Brazil, Bahia, loco haudindicato, March 1817, M. A. P., Prinz zu Wied s.n.(lectotype BR 6944520! annotated by Nees, selectedhere; isolectotypes GOET 000739!, GZU 000266400fragment, Nees no. CXXII!).Aphelandra nitida Nees & Mart. in Wied (1823: 51).

ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. BRAZIL. Bahia: “VilaViçosa” [Nova Viçosa], June 1816, M. A. P., Prinz zu Wieds.n. (BR 6945183! annotated by Wasshausen as Geissome-ria nitida Nees”, GOET! annotated by Wasshausen asGeissomeria macrophylla Nees).NOTES. As Nees (1847a) did not cite the specimencollected by Martius but cited that of Wied, this can beinterpreted as a hint for further lectotypification (Rec.9A.5). The specimens at BR and GOET both haveoriginal labels by Wied stating “März 1817. ImUrwalde. 4 – 5 F.[uß] hoch. Blume zinnoberroth”.13

Thus the indication of “ad viam Felisbertiam, menseIanuario 1817” by Nees (1847a: 80) and on the labelhandwritten by Nees at GZU is wrong. Another

specimen at BR, collected by Wied, was annotated byWasshausen in July 1976 as a syntype. However, it hasan original label by Wied: “Juny 1816. V.[illa] Viçosa imdunkeln Walde 6 – 8 Fuß hoher Strauch mit schönemBlatt u.[nd] scharlachrother Blumenspica”.14 “VillaViçosa” was not cited by Nees & Martius nor is it tobe found on the specimen annotated by them; henceit cannot be considered as syntype.

Stenandrium serpens Nees (1847a: 77). Type: Brazil,Bahia, Porto Seguro, Aug. 1816, M. A. P., Prinz zu Wieds.n. (Klenze no. 110) (lectotype BR 6952143!, selectedhere; isolectotypes GOET 000060!, GZU 000250383!ex herb. Nees, annotated by Nees).Eranthemum macrostachyum Mart. ex Nees (1847b:

285), nom. nud.

NOTES. Nees (1847b: 285) indicated “(Max. Princ.Wied ! in h. Nees et Mart. )” for specimens currentlyin GZU and BR. GOET 000060 has an original label byWied written “Justicia ? Blüme violet. Wächst im Waldebei Porto Seguro. Klenze 110”,15 whereas the originallabel on specimen BR 6952143 states “Justitia Blümeviolet. Wächst im Walde. Porto Segur”.

Bombacaceae

Ceiba ventricosa (Nees & Mart.) Ravenna (1998: 47).Type: Brazil, Bahia, “Cabeça do Boi” [near Jequié],March 1817, M. A. P., Prinz zu Wied s.n. (lectotypeGOET!, selected here).Bombax ventricosa Arruda (1810: 49), nom. nud.Chorisia ventricosa Nees & Mart. (Nees & Martius

1823: 102).Further synonyms in Gibbs & Semir (2003).

NOTES. Gibbs & Semir (2003) neotypified Ceibaventricosa because they could not trace any originalmaterial in BR. The specimen located at GOET,however, agrees perfectly with the protologue ofChorisia ventricosa and also fits the illustration in plate9 by Nees & Martius (1823), which shows a detachedflower. The herbarium specimen possesses an originallabel written by Wied which states “Pao Barrigudo /Stamm bauchig mit dicken stumpfen Stacheln. Blätterklein (scheinbar eiförmig zugespitzt). Blume weiß, lagim Monath März in Menge soeben abgefallen auf derErde”.16 This again agrees with Nees & Martius

12 “Schrader and Nees von Esenbeck nr. 35. January 1817. Flowerhighly fiery orange. On ground level. See Göttingische GelehrteAnzeigen”.13 “March 1817. In primary forest. 4 – 5 ft high. Flower vermillion”.

11 “January 1817. Road of Capitain Filisberto Silva. Flower highlyfiery orange. On ground level”.

14 “June 1816. Villa Viçosa in dark forest 6 – 8 ft high shrub withbeautiful leaf and spike scarlet”.15 “Justicia ? Flower purple. Grows in the forest at Porto Seguro.Klenze 110”.16 “Pao Barrigudo / Trunk bulbous with thick blunt prickles.Leaves small (apparent ovate acuminate). Flower white, justfallen off in quantity on the ground in the month of March”.



(1823). According to Bokermann (1957: 238) andPaynter & Traylor (1991a: 94), the meadow “Cabeçade Boi” is a floodplain about 20 km from the left sideof the middle course of the Rio de Contas, in thegeneral vicinity of Jequié. Gibbs & Semir (2003) alsopointed out that according to R. M. Harley (in litt.)“Prince Maximilian von Wied probably travelledupstream from near Jequié, on the Rio de Contasand headed north, spending the night at the localityCabeça de Boi (which no longer exists) and thenanother night near where he probably collectedChorisia ventricosa, before reaching Santa Inês on theRio Jiquirica (= Tiquirica)”. Wied (1821: 246) himself,however, stated “An einer kleinen vom Walde ringsumeingeschlossenen Wiese, welche den Nahmen Cabeçado Boi (Ochsenkopf) trägt, brachte ich eine Nachtohne Hütten hin; … (p. 247) Eine dieser Höhenbesonders war äusserst angreifend; denn man brauchteine ganze Stunde um ihren Gipfel zu erreichen. Ichfand hier starke Stämme des bauchigen Bombax oderBarrigudo-Baums, deren grosse weissliche Blüthen mitfünf schmalen länglichen Blättern in Menge auf derErde umher gestreut lagen;… /Die nächsten Tagereisenführten mich durch hüglichtes Land, zum Theil mitweniger hohen Wäldern bedeckt, in welchen wir nurtrübes und schlechtes Trinkwasser fanden”.17 Thus,according to Wied, the species was collected near“Cabeça de Boi” the day after arriving there.

Canellaceae

Cinnamodendron axillare (Nees) Endl. ex Walp.(Walpers 1842: 398). Type: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, CaboFrio, Sept. 1815,M. A. P., Prinz zu Wied s.n. (lectotype BR5199198! annotated by Nees and with the printed label“Eichler in Martii Flora Brasil. fasc.”, selected here;isolectotypes BR 5197965!, BR 5197637!, BR 5198597!,GOET 000532!, MEL 2130140! ex herb. Sonder).Canella axillaris Nees (1821a: 298).Canella axillaris Nees in Wied (1821: 336)Canella axillaris Nees & Mart. in Wied (1824: 18).

NOTES. Canella axillaris was first published by Nees(1821a) on 21 May 1821. Its publication in Wied(1821) appeared later, as indicated by the correspon-dence of Prince Maximilian to Heinrich Rudolf Schinz:i) 20 March 1821: “More than the half has been printed,

vol. II probably will not be delivered before June”; ii)Prince Maximilian to Heinrich Ludwig Brönner (theeditor): 25 April 1821: when Prince Maximilian stillsends back proof-sheets: without quotation marks; iii)Johann Friedrich Blumenbach asks Prince Maximilianon 15 June 1821: “Vol. II will be completed soon?” (pers.comm. of the contents of letters by Susanne Koppel,antiquarian in Hamburg who is treating the letters andother papers of Prince Maximilian in the Robert BoschStiftung GmbH in Stuttgart, toHans-Jürgen Krüger, pers.comm.). Wied (1820a: 83) referred to the species as“Herva moeira do Sertam” (erva-moura-do-sertão),which is also stated on the original label handwrit-ten by Wied from one of the sheets at BR, “Ast vonMyrthus. Der Baum mit sehr aromatischer Rinde wirdHerva moira do certão genannt. Das Holz befindetsich in meiner Holzsammlung. C.[abo] Frio. Sept.1815”.18

Ericaceae

Agarista revoluta (Spreng.) Hook. f. ex Nied. (Niedenzu1890: 236). Type: Brazil, without locality, fl. & fr., F.Sellow s.n. (lectotype B 100191422! ex HerbarBaschant, selected by Judd (1995: 313); isolectotypesBM 000993648!, BR 5055265!, E 00326870!, F 541047!ex G, photo. F neg. 59505 !, fl., G! ex B† ex HerbiersBossier et Barbey-Bossier, fl. & fr., G! ex B† ex herb.Moricand fl. & fr., G! photo. F neg. 26644!, fl., G! withlabel on top left indicating “Cabo Frio – Prova do Riodo Janeiro” fl., G! with label on bottom rightindicating “Brasil. Sello”, fl., HAL 106209! fr., K000494425! ex B† fl., K 000494427! ex B† fl., L602330!, ex B† fl., LE two unmounted branches withseparate history: one ex Herb. Chamisso and the otherex B†, M!, P! 00604188 ex B† fl. & fr., W).Andromeda revoluta Spreng. (Sprengel 1821: 131).Agarista sprengelii G. Don (1834: 837), nom. illegit.Leucothoe revoluta (Spreng.) DC. (De Candolle 1839: 604).Leucothoe revoluta (Spreng.) DC. var. sellowii Meisn.

(Meisner 1863: 160), nom. illegit.Andromeda ambigua Schrad. (Schrader 1821: 710).

Type: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, between Cabo Frioand Campos, Sept. 1815, M. A. P., Prinz zu Wied s.n.(lectotype BR 8675323! Nees 35.35, selected here;isolectotypes BR 8674999!, GOET 000802!, GOET000803! Nees 35.35, GOET 000804!, Herb. Wied102!, Herb. Wied 114!, NY 00390873! fragment).

Andromeda crassifolia Nees (1821a: 297). Type: Brazil,Rio de Janeiro, near Cabo Frio, Sept. 1815, M. A. P.,Prinz zu Wied s.n. (lectotype BR 8673978!, selected

17 “At a small meadow surrounded by the forest, which is knownas Cabeça de Boi (ox head), I spent one night out of doors; …(p. 247) One of these mountains was particularly hard to climb;one entire hour was necessary to reach around its summit. Ifound here the Bombax or Barrigudo trees, with thick trunks,whose large whitish flowers, with five narrow oblong petals,covered in quantity the ground around; … /On the following dayI crossed a rough land, partially covered by less high forests,where we found only muddy and bad water for drinking.”

18 “Branch of Myrthus. The tree with very aromatic bark is calledHerva moira do certão. The timber is in my wood collection.Cabo Frio. September 1815”.



here; isolectotypes BR 8675651!, GOET 000805!,Herb.Wied 94!, Herb. Wied 108!).

For further synonymy, see Sleumer (1959) and Judd(1995).

NOTES. Meisner (1863: 160) quoted at least threedifferent collections of Sellow for Leucothoe revoluta, viz.“circa Cabo Frio et Rio de Janeiro”, “in Prov.Minarum”, and “circa Rio de Janeiro” for the varieties.This is corroborated by various extant specimensfound in herbaria which show different morphologicalpatterns and hence clear evidence of different collec-tions involved. From this, the lectotypification pro-posed by Judd (1995) is problematic because hischoice of the specimen at B is arguable. It is aherbarium specimen from the Herbarium Baschantthat was incorporated into B in April 1959 (see Hiepko1980), bearing conflicting information on the labelthat states “Ericac. / Leucothoe revoluta DC. / (bahiensisDC.) / Bahia / (Sellow)”, without any evidence itwould be a duplicate of the collection analysed bySprengel. Additionally, the sheet has three branchesmounted together which seem to show that theybelong to different collections. The fruiting branchon the left side most probably came from HAL,whereas the others on the right side (one sterile andone flowering) are of unknown provenance. Accordingto Uwe Braun (pers. comm.), collections of Sellow fromthe Herbarium Baschant had been in HAL. Baschantworked at HAL before 1945 under Prof. Troll and heapparently “stole” hundreds of collections, includingtypes. After his death his private herbarium, includingthe “stolen” material, was deposited at B. Thus dupli-cates at B marked as 'ex herb. Baschant' and thecorresponding HAL samples must be identical, i.e. fromthe same sheet. When considering Baschant’s specimenas the lectotype, one of the branches should be chosenfor the lectotype, and the list of isolectotypes given byJudd should be also revised. Judging by the specimens Ihave seen, at least three specimens at G and those at BM,F, K, L and LE are not the same as that at B. Here I do notpropose a second-step lectotype for the name because Ihave not analysed the specimens housed at HBG, Wandprobably WRSL (fide Niedenzu 1890: 232, 236 — “dasHerbar der schlesischen Gesellschaft in Breslau”).

The specimens collected by Wied (1820a: 104) werefirst described by Schrader (1821: 709 – 710), whorecognised two different taxa treated under nos 13and 14 in his article. Wied (1820a) had also consideredthem to be different species as he considered themorphological differences to be noticeably conservative(Schrader 1821: 710). Number 13 was identified asAndromeda revoluta, whereas, for no 14, Schraderdoubtfully proposed the name A. ambigua because hewas unsure if the differences found between bothwould prove to be constant. Later, Nees (1821b: 328)quoted Schrader’s species 13 and 14 as synonyms of his

A. crassifolia. None of Wied’s collections so far locatedhave been annotated, either by Schrader or by Nees.Thus the choice of a specimen for lectotype issomewhat arbitrary. They have been chosen based onthe best preserved specimen kept in an ‘official’herbarium, despite the fact that specimen no. 94 ofWied’s private collection is the best, with a greaternumber of intact flowers.

Euphorbiaceae

Croton gnaphaloides Schrad. (Schrader 1821: 708).Type: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Paraíba, Sept. to Oct.1815, M. A. P., Prinz zu Wied s.n. (lectotype GOET!,selected here; isolectotype BR 6592370!).Oxydectes gnaphaloides (Schrad.) Kuntze (1891b: 611)

(as “gnaphaliodes”).Croton fuscescens Spreng. (Sprengel 1826: 874), synon.

nov. Type: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, F. Sellow s.n.(lectotype BR 6999551!, selected by Caruzo &Cordeiro 2008: 578).

Julocroton fuscescens (Spreng.) Baill. (Baillon 1864:367), synon. nov.

Cieca fuscescens (Spreng.) Kuntze (1891b: 595), synon. nov.Julocroton microcalyx Müll. Arg. (Müller Argoviensis

1865: 142), synon. nov. Type: Brazil, São Paulo:“prope cataractam Ytu v. Salto d'Ytu” [Salto de Itu],L. Riedel 2180 (holotype B† photo. F neg. 5206!;lectotype BM, selected by Caruzo & Cordeiro(2008: 579); isolectotypes F 1012409! photo. Fneg. 60538!, GH 3146, K 000601131!, LE, NY00263504!, P 00633439!, P 00633440!, P 00633441!).

Croton microcalyx (Müll. Arg.) G. L. Webster (1992:272), synon. nov.

NOTES. Until now, the Wied specimen at GOET hadbeen neither annotated nor identified. It fits theprotologue perfectly, however, and the informationon the label handwritten by Wied excludes any doubtabout its identity: “Croton. Am Paraïba, Blume weißl.[ich]. 5 – 6 auch 10 F.[uß] hohes Stämmchen. Oct. u.[nd] Sept. 1815. Ist wohl der von Schrader an dem [sic]

Jucuré Buche beschriebene Croton? i. i.”19. Wied(1820a: 153) referred to the species as a tree of about5.5 to 6 m high, with slender trunks and large

19 “Croton. At the Paraíba, flower whitish. 5 – 6 as well 10 ft highstem. October and September 1815. Is it probably the Crotondescribed by Schrader to the Jacaré tree? i. i.”. “an dem [sic]Jucuré Buche beschribene Croton”: In German the genus of“Buche” is female, the genus of “Croton” is male. Wiederroneously has begun to write “an dem Croton” (= male), buthas perceived his error in the middle of the word “Croton” andhas changed to “Buche” (=female), but has forgotten to correct“dem” into “der”. Therefore “[sic]”. In German it must bewritten with the article “der” in the female Dative-declension(Hans-Jürger Krüger, pers. comm.).



pubescent and heart-shaped leaves, covering themargins of Rio Paraíba; through them, he was ableto approach the margin cautiously and observe thealligator (“jacaré”) with its head at the surface,warming up in the sun, and waiting for prey. Thespecimen at BR was annotated by Müller Argovien-sis as “J. fuscescens Baill.” and has a label handwrittenby Wied: “Tridesmys (…) Am Paraiba, Blüme weißl.[ich] __ 5 – 6 fuß hohes Stämmchen. Oct. u.[nd]Sept. 1815. i. i.”,20 in agreement with the namereferred to (“apparently a Croton”, “very nearlyrelated to the Tridesmys”) by Wied (1820a, b, c) inhis travelogue. It is likely that a duplicate is in LEwhere Schrader’s personal herbarium is kept.

Croton klaenzei Müll. Arg. (Müller Argoviensis 1873:202). Type: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, “inter Fazenda deBaretto et Barra do Furado” [Fazenda Barreto andBarra do Rio Furado],21 Sept. 1815, M. A. P., Prinz zuWied s.n. (Klaenze nr. 32) (holotype BR 8760227!).

NOTES. Müller Argoviensis (1873: 203) named thespecies in honour of “Klaenze, hortulanus et comesPrincipis Neuwied in itinere Brasiliensi (v. in Hb.Martii)”. The gardener that accompanied Wied,however, was Christian Simonis, as correctly indicatedby Nees (1847a: 144) in his new genus Simonisia.

Lauraceae

Ocotea squarrosa (Nees) Mez (1889: 255). Type: Brazil,Rio de Janeiro, “in arenosis ad Cabo Frio”, Sept. 1815,M.A. P., Prinz zu Wied s.n. (lectotype GZU fl., designated byRohwer (1986: 81), as ‘holotype’; lectotype BR8806574! annotated by Martius and by Nees, selectedhere; isolectotypes BR 8805706!, GZU 000254288!,Herb. Wied 115!). Other syntypes: GZU fr., Herb. Wied59! fr. (= Ocotea montana (Meisn.) Mez 1889: 319).Nectandra squarrosa Nees (1836: 326).Ocotea squarrosa Mart. ex Nees (Nees 1836: 326), nom.

nud.Nectandra squarrosa Nees var. pyrifolia Nees (1836: 326).

Type: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, “in arenosis ad CaboFrio”, Sept. 1815, M. A. P., Prinz zu Wied s.n.(lectotype BR 8806215! annotated by Nees as“Nectandra pyrifolia N. ab E. / / Laurus pyrifoliaWilld.”, selected here; isolectotypes BR 8807236!,GZU 000254289!, Herb. Wied no 111!).

Nectandra pyrifolia Nees ex Meisn. (Meisner 1864: 166),nom. nud.

NOTES. Nees (1836) described Nectandra squarrosasupposedly based on a complete collection by Wied.Rohwer (1986) correctly noticed the species was basedon two different taxa: the flowering material pertainingto N. squarrosa, and the fruiting part to Ocotea montana.Specimen no. 59 of Herbarium Wied agrees perfectlywith this interpretation; Wied indicated on the label theexistence of only two specimens, no. 59 itself and themissing duplicate from Herbarium Nees at GZU (citedby Rohwer 1986, but not located by this author). Thetypification quoted by Rohwer (1986), however, is inerror in stating ‘holotype’ and not choosing thelectotype from the collections of Herbarium Martii(currently at BR), as indicated by Nees in the proto-logue. The lectotype for Nectandra squarrosa var. pyrifolia(BR 8806215) also bears two handwritten labels in anunknown hand stating “Niederer Baum im Sande. CapFrio”,22 and “Strauch mit weißen Blumen in niedrigenSträuchern im Sand”.23

Leguminosae (Papilionoideae, Swartzieae)

Zollernia glabra (Spreng.) Yakovlev (1976: 1306). Type:Brazil, without locality, F. Sellow s.n. (neotype LE,selected by Yakovlev 1976: 1306); Krameria glabraSpreng. (Sprengel 1821: 157).Zollernia falcata Wied-Neuw. & Nees (1827a: 11, tab.

D), later in Wied & Nees (1827b: praef. p. xvi, tab.D). Type: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, “in ripa Paraibaefluminis” [on banks of Rio Paraíba], Sept. to Oct.1815, M. A. P., Prinz zu Wied s.n. (holotype B†, exherb. Nees photo. F! neg. 1881; lectotype MEL2062015!, selected here; isolectotypes G!, Herb.Wied 48!, Herb. Wied 140!, LE 00002445!).

Zollernia splendens Wied-Neuw. & Nees (1827a: 10, tab.C); Wied & Nees (1827b: praef. p. xv, tab. C) (synon.fide Mansano et al. 2004). Type: Brazil, Rio deJaneiro, “in Brasiliae sylvis”, Sept. 1815, M. A. P.,Prinz zu Wied s.n. (holotype B†, ex herb. Nees photo.F neg. 1882!; lectotype MEL 289020!, selected here).

Zollernia discolor Vogel (1837: 166). Type: Brazil, Rio deJaneiro, between Rio de Janeiro and Campos, F.Sellow s.n. (holotype B†; isotype LE).

Zollernia mocitayba Allemão ex Emygdio (Mello Filho1959: 4). Type: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, “in montibusprope Paineiras”, 1879, Saldanha & Franklin s.n.(holotype R 68433!).20 “Tridesmys (…) At the Paraíba, flower whitish __ 5 – 6 ft high

stem. October and September 1815. i. i.”.

22 “Short tree in the sand. Cabo Frio”.23 “Bush with whitish flower in short shrubs in the sand(restinga)”.

21 According to Bokermann (1957: 214 – 215), Fazenda Barretowas an old farm about 10 km from Macaé, and the Barra do RioFurado was about 80 km from Barreto. In Wied (1820a: 102 –111) there is the indication that Wied spent six days travellingfrom Barreto (18 Sept. 1815) to Furado (23 Sept. 1815).



NOTES. According to Stafleu & Cowan (1981: 710), thegenus Zollernia was originally published in a specialpreprint in folio, with hand-coloured lithographs byWied & Nees (1827a). The text was published later thesame year (Wied & Nees 1827b), with uncolouredlithographs. Recent authors have overlooked this factand referred mistakenly to the publication in thejournal as the place of effective publication.

Malvaceae

Pavonia semiserrata (Schrad.) Steud. (Steudel 1841:279). Type: Brazil, Bahia, “Barra da Vareda” [Inho-bim], Feb. 1817, M. A.P., Prinz zu Wied s.n. (Schrader1821: 717, species no. 40; Nees 1821b: 329, species no.40) (lectotype GOET 000779!, selected here; isolecto-types BR 6587185!, BR 6586539!).Schouwia semiserrata Schrad. (Schrader 1821: 717);Lebretonia ? semiserrata (Schrad.) DC. (De Candolle

1824: 446);Malache semiserrata (Schrad.) Kuntze (1891a: 71);Goethea semperflorens Nees (1821a: 304);Pavonia semperflorens (Nees) Garcke (1881: 222);Pavonia semiserrata (Schrad.) Gürke (1892: 527), nom.

illegit.

NOTES. Nees (1821b: 326 – 327, 329) indicated thehomotypic synonymy between Schouwia semiserrata andGoethea semperflorens; Schrader and he respectivelydescribed those taxa from the same collection of Wied.Both Esteves (1998: 199) and Fryxell (1999: 251; 2000:202), however, considered Schouwia semiserrata andGoethea semperflorens as heterotypic synonyms. Esteves(1998) indicated the type of S. semiserrata as “Brasil,Bahia, Martius s.n. (holotypus S, segundo Fries 1908)”.In fact, Fries (1908: 48) cited the specimen of Martiusin “herb. Regnell.”, but did not indicate it as type.Fryxell (1999) claimed that Wied-Neuwied 114 (BR),collected in 1827, could not be the holotype of G.semperflorens, as noted by Esteves (1998), “since it wascollected after the species was described” (Fryxell 2000:202), indicating Wied-Neuwied 40 (GOET) as an isotype.In fact, specimen BR 6587185 is an unnumberedcollection and has the number “114” handwrittenanonymously on the right bottom of the label ofHerbarium Martii with the handwriting of Martius.Specimen GOET 000779 has an original label withthe first five lines written by Wied, indicating “B. d.V.”, i.e. Barra da Vareda, and “Schön kirschrothblühender Baum von 20 u[nd] mehr Fuß. ImWalde”.24 The same label was annotated anonymouslytwice by different people, as evident from the handwrit-ing and different ink, with “N≗ 40 Nees v Eséb” and “40.

Schrader”. The number “40” is not a collector number;it is the number given by Schrader in his publication ofspecies he described from the set of specimens receivedfrom Wied, corresponding to S. semiserrata, and also thecorresponding number used by Nees to indicate thesynonymy between the latter and his G. semperflorens.Another handwritten label by Wied shows “Götheasemperflorens Nees. Barra da Vareda. Schön kirschrothblühender Baum von 20 u[nd] mehr F[uß] Höhe imWalde. Schrader n≗ 40. s. Götting[ische] gel[ehrte]Anzeigen”25 and has the number “114” on the rightbottom of the label, written in an unknown hand. Thus,it is not in Nees’ handwriting as stated by Fryxell (1999).The duplicate also bears a printed label “Ex herbarioPrincipis Maximiliani de Wied” of the herbarium ofHermann Maximilian Carl Ludwig Friedrich zu Solms-Laubach, annotated by Gürke as “Pavonia semiserrata(Schrad.) Gürke”. Specimens at BR and GOET have thesame pattern of branches, seemingly diseased by fungi,with discoloration and black dots spread all over, whichis more good evidence that they belong to the samegathering. As none of them have been annotated bySchrader nor by Nees, the GOET specimen is chosen asthe lectotype because it is the best preserved and hasthe original labels by Wied.

Wied (1821: 166 – 167, 343) indicated that thespecies was collected in a forest of three leagues inextent (c. 14.4 km) near the farmhouse of CaptainFerreira Campos, at Barra da Vareda, informationwhich was also given by Nees & Martius (1823: 93).

AcknowledgementsI thank the curators of the herbaria at B, BR, F, FR, G,G-DC, GOET, GZU, HAL, JE, K, LD, LE, M, MEL, MO,NY, P, S and W for the support during my visit and/orfor sending images of the specimens requested. HisHighness Carl Fürst zu Wied is specially thanked forallowing the study of the private collection of PrinceMaximilian. Hermann J. Roth, Regine Rehaag andBodo M. Möseler are sincerely thanked for makingpossible my visit to Germany in order to identify andreconstruct the Herbarium Wied. Hans-Jürgen Krüger(Fürstlich Wiedisches Archiv) is gratefully thanked fortranscribing Wied’s handwriting and for all theinformation kindly offered. I am grateful to AlainChautems (G) for helping me with the requestedliterature and to Alexander Sennikov (H, LE) forchecking the specimens at LE. This work was partiallysupported by the CAPES/DAAD Agreement, and bythe FAPESB/CNPq PRODOC Program, for the schol-arship (Proc. Nr. 35.0263/2007.8).

24“Beautiful cherry-red blooming tree of 20 ft and more. In theforest”.

25“Göthea semperflorens Nees. Barra da Vareda. Beautiful cherry-redblooming tree of 20 ft high and more in the forest. Schrader nr.40. See Göttingische Gelehrte Anzeigen”.



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