1918. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 2957 There are but nine men in Co-ngress to-day who sat in the

Fifty-fourth Congress when Mr. HrLI. first entere-d national life-1\lr. CANNO:s' of Illinoig, Mr. .ToNEs of Virginia, Mr. CooPER of \Visconsin, l\1r·. GILLETT of Massachusetts, 1\Ii·. FAIR· CIIILD of New l"ork, 1\ir. CntsP of Georgia, Mr. Foss of Illinois, 1\lr. 1\loNDET~L of Wyoming, and l\lr. PARKER of New Jersey. Ow· beloved Speaker h:if-1 been in the Fifty-third Congress, uml returned in the Fifty-fifth Congress, from which time he had been assnciatetl wil b 1\lr·. HILL in many important matters, and has ()n more than one occasion indicated his admiration of om· deceased collen_gue.

The longer an industriQU51 mao remains in service. the more valuable he is to his constituency, the greater opportunity he 11us for the development--of his talents, an<l the richer is his State f11r his achievement~. ·

1\lr·. HILL was in Cong:reg.q when the · United States declared war against Spain in 18!18, mrd when the existence of a stnte of wat• thrust upon it by the Imperiut· German Government

· was foJ·rually tle<:lared in 1fl17. He has seen other problems, Je~s historic. intleell, but In tlwm~elves large, met and overcome by the country he served so faithfully.

He left to h•s family the twiele~s heritage of a life ·well spent. It should be to them a rich snur·<·e of consolation; and it :-<hnuld be tu e·very man an ineentive to adtlell effort.

When n man has "'rwkt>1l so ceasele.·::,;Iy as dill Mr. HrrL for the tl1ings he thought best, one wishes that an All-Knowing Provhleuce lu1<1 grautetl him more years in which to continue his constructive activity and to enjoy assoc-iution with those for \Vbolll ami with whom be labored. hut in hi~ being taken utf "still uchieving, still pur·~uing,'' his family and his friends are comforted with the as~umnce, that when he entered into his rewarU. his stewardship was accounted for- a hundredfold.

lHr. TILSON resumed the chair as Speaker pro tempore.

1\lr. FREEl\IAN. 1\lr. Speaker, It Is acknowleclge<l by all that in the <Ieath of the late ERENF~ZER J. HILL the State of Conuecticut has lost an ahle and faithful Representative. and this CnngregR and the Nation at large has been deprived of a strong and experienced legi<datnr et a time when such effective sen·i<'es as 1\lr. HILL was able to render were most sorely neecled. ·

I remember in 1804 when he was fir~t ele<'terl to repreRent the fow·th tlistrict of Connecticut. ancl sinee that time I have watchec'l his carf'er here in Congress with ever-increasing in­t -·est arid ap1weciation. It was my lll"ivilege first to meet him personally in the summer of 190:l \\'ben he paid a viRit to his son at the encampment of the Conne<'tieut Nntionnl Guarcl, anti at ttat time I \vas impres..~e-11 with hi~ thorough knowledge of the subjects he discusRell. his wealth of information, an1l his strong, sincere convictio,ns npon the financial nml economic questinnR of the dny. At th::tt time hiR p:n·ty was in control of the affuirs of the Governmt->nt. aiHl hP certainly devoted to his share of the task all his energy, industry. and talent. Because of the unfortunate division of our rmt·ty in 1912 :Mr. Hrr.r. failed of reelection, but I hnd a long talk with him at RI·idg:e­port in tht> winter of 1913-14, antl I was surprised at his in­timnte ncquaintanee with the affairs of Con~r·ess-his knowl­e<lge of the state of the national Treasury, antl of many other matters which inrlicate<l that with the exception of not being tlaily upon the floor-of the House. he was as 'active aml as in­terested as if still a l\lemhet· of Congr·ess.

When he was reelected by his clistriC't in 1914 it wus my fortune to hf' electetl as his collengue, antl fr·om that time until l1is <lenth I reliecl upun his counsel anti addce. I found him one of the most hard-working: 1\lemhers- of Congress, but never too busy to aid. encourage. _uml a1l\"ise a new Memher of Con­gress. Durin~ his last illness he remained constantly in touch with the situation lwre. with intelleC't unimpai1·ed. and when " Go<l"s finger touched him " he had well earned eternal rest and peat:e..

I.E..H""E TO PRINT. 1\fr. _1\lERRITT. Mr. Spe:1ker, I ask unanimons consent that

1\lemhf'rs desiring to print remarks on the life llild services of M1·. HILL may hnn• permission to <lo so.

The ~PEAKER pro tempore. The gentleman from Connec­ticut asks unanimous con:f'nt that Memhet·s desiring to print in the HEcoRD 1·em:lt'ks on the. life nnd serviceR of 1\tr·. HILL nw~· ha >e permission to (lo so. Is there ohjection? [After a p:mse.] The Chair henrs none. In complinnce with the resolu­tion ulrei.ldy adopted the Honse will stand adjournetl.

AD.JOlfRI 1\IENT. Accolrclingly (nt 1 o'clock nnd 58 minutes p. ru.) the House

:uljourued until tomorrow, 1\londny, :!\lurch 4, 1918, at 12 o'clock noon.

SENATE.

:AfoxDaY, March 4, 1918.

(Legislath~e day of Saturday, Marcl&- f, 1918.)

The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian. THOMAS J. ·wALSH, a Senator from the State of Montann., ap­

peared in his seat to-day.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA TELEPHONE SYSTEM.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Tbe Chair lays before the Senate a communication from the Po~tmaster General in re­sponse to a resolution (S. Res. 207) of February 25, 1918.

1\Ir. GORE. I ask that the communication be printed in the RECORD.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection? Mr. NORRIS What is the re-quest? The PHESIDENT pro tempore. That the coromupicatton

of the Postmaster General, in response to a resoluti.on passed February 25. re~ar<ling thE> telephone service of the District of Columbia be printed 1n the RECORD.

1\lr. NORRIS. Why not hnve it read? It seems to me that the answer· of the Postmaster Geneml ought to be read.

Mr. OWEN. I should like to hear it reac'l. 1\Ir. Sil\fl\tONS. I hope the communkation wtll not be read.

We took a reces~ on Saturday for the purpose of expediting the unfinished business. an<1 I am very anxi-ous to begin the co_n­sideration of Senate bill 3714.

l\1r. NORRIS. I do not wnnt to- delay the unfinished bust­ness. but it seems to me that the answer of the Postmaster General on the question we have submitt~ to him ough.t at leaRt to be read to the Senate, although if the Se-nator from North Carolina objects I will be content to have it printed in the RECORD.

Mr. SIJ\11\IONS. I have no earthly objection to its being printed in the REcoRD.

l\1r. GORE. I will state that I did not prefer. the request to have it read. because I apprehen(jed the objection suggested by the Senator from North Carolina.

Mr. NORRIS. Let it be printed in the RECORD, then. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The request is that the com­

munication of the Pogtmagter Gt-neral be printed in the RECORD. Is there objection? The Chair hears none, and it is so ordered.

The communication is as follows: POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT,

OFFICE OF THE POSTMASTER GENERAL, Washington, D. C., March 4, 1918.

Hon. THOMAS R. MARSHALL, Senate of tlte United States of America.

l\1&. PRESIDENT: I have received Senate resolution of date Feb­ruary 25, reading as follows: " "\Vhereas it is reported in the puhlic press that the Postmaster

General of the United State: offered to tnke over and oper­ate in behalf of the United Stntes the telephone system of the Che~apeake & Pr·t•)mac Telephone Co. within .the Dis­trict of Columbia: Therefore be it

" Resolved, That the Post:.master General be, and he is hereby, directed to transmit to the Senate the proposition made by him to the Che. apeake & Potomac Telephone Co .. and also to trans­mit to the ·Senate any information which he may possess· authorizing him to make sucl1, or any, proposition looking to the taking o·ver of the operation by the Government of said telephone system."

In compliancf' with this resolution I deem it proper to recite the circumstances referred ' to therein ami offictuUy reported by the Commissioners of t11e . District of Columbia sitting as a public utility commission, to wit:

"G'lmirman BnowNLOW. I asked the Postmaster General if he desired to be heard in this matter, since I know of the interest of the Post Office Department in the telephone situation. He ''a.s not able to be present, btit he sent as repreRenting him the chairmnn of the telephone and telegraph committee of the Post Office Department. · 1\lr. Chance is present and desires to make a statement. ·

"l\1r. CHANCE. l\1r. Commissioner. my statement is very short. I am here representing the Po5:tma~ter General. and be has directed me to say that, if be is b1ven authority, the Post Office Department can take over tl1e entire telephone service within the District of Columbia · antl opprate it without increased charges to the patrons and without reducing the salaries of the employees and pay for it out of the surplus 1·evenues of the Postal Service.

"That is .:ill. I have to say."

2958- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE. l\iARcH 4,

With respect to the information upon which the statement. made by l\1r. Chance was made, beginning with the statement of the undesirable telephone situation prevailing, and threat­ened, in the District of Columbia, it may be w,ell to briefly detail tile history of the subject matter, the measures proposed heretofore by Members of Congress looking to its treatment,

· and the relation of the Post Office Department to such measures, as·weJl as the proposals of the Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Co. itself.

In the Sixty-fourth Congress, early in 1917, bills were intro­duced .in the Senate by the Hon. THOMAS P. GoRE, of Oklahoma, and the Hon. ATLEE PoMERENE, of Ohio, and in the House of Representatives by the Hon. David J. Lewis, of Maryland, which provided for the taking over of the Washington telephone system by the Government, with a view to its substantial ex­tension and development to meet existing and future needs. These bills made provision for the development of an adequate telephone service for both public and private needs, as they should arise. The bill of Senator PoM.ERENE was referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia of the Senate, which committee requested the opinion of the Postmaster General as to its merits. The Postmaster General, in response to such request, gave the bill his approvaL

The like bill in the House of Representatives was referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia of the House, and the Postmaster General was asked in like manner by said com­mittee for his opinion on the merits of the bill, as were also the District Commissioners of the District of Columbia. Both the Postmaster General and the commissioners made reply, giving their approval to the measure. If any of those measures had been enacted into law, the present telephone system in Washington, which may be described at this time as deplorable, would have been avoided. _ · The House bill was made the subject of extended hearings before the Committee on the District of Columbia which con­tinued so near to the close of the session that no final action was taken on the bill.

Meanwhile, with the same objects in view, the Postmaster General caused to be made by telephone experts a careful study and investigation of the tefeph_one situation in Washington, with a view to definitely ascertaining the necessary operating expenses of conducting the system as a part of the Postal Seryice. These experts reported on the 1st day of May, J-917, that the final cost of a network-including value of the existing plant--:-embracing 80,000 telephone -stations, would be $10,862,310. The network of the present system in 1915, the latest previous data, included 54~671 telephones. The larger network proposed would have fully met the needs of the city for both its present and prospec-tive emergencies. ·

With respect to the costs of operating the telephone system these experts, after careful study, -reported that including capi­tal, depreciation, and all operating expenses-if conducted by the Post Office Department as a part of the Postal Service-the cost per telephone could _easily be reduced more than one-third. ':,L'he Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Co. estimates the ex­pense per telephone in 1918, without ma1..~ng allowance for capital charges or taxes, to b~ $38.10, which is grossly in excess of what the cost would be if the service were operated by the Post Office Department. . Such" was the proposal of Members of Congress and the Post Office Department to meet the require­ments of a public · and private character for telephone service

. within the District of Columbia. · · In its statements made before the Public Utilities Commission the Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Co. reports having 71,276 telephones in December, 1917, and it proposes to _increase this number to 75,000 during the year 1918, a number which may prove inadequate. The study made for the Post Office Depart­ment, by the expert engineers referred to above, contemplated a network of 80,000 telephones. Their study was based on the data of the year 1915, it being the latest available, and repre­sented as stated 54,671 telephone stations, with a capital of $6,241,134. Thus the addition of an investment of $4,621,176 would have added 25,329 stations to the network, raising it to 80,000 in number, and at the same time rendering it susceptible to prompt and economical extension and development. The proposal of the Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Co. for the year 1918 raises its capital to $10,694,001, but raises the number of telephones to only' 75,500. -~he quality .. of service rendered in the city of Washington

was extremely low before the war, the lowest per telephone reported for any city in the United States in 1914, while the average rate charged for completed calls was the highest for all the cities reporting, with one exception, as is shown by the following table :

A.t:erage calls per telephone and average t·ate per 100 calls in diffet·ent cities.

New York, Manhattan2 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.. Brooklyn 2 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ; •••••••••••••••••

~!~!gi:. !!!!~}:::~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~~~~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~~-~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~ ~ Philadelphia a ...... : •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

6f:e~:fi ~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

~t~~~~.3~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Rochester a •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.

~=~~~: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~ ::::::::: Louisville a ••••••••••••••••••• _ ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

Annual calls per phone.l

- 962 75

823 888

1,099 993

1,445 1,998 2,000 2,238 2,155 3,366 2,940 2,090 2, 710 4,027

Averag~ telephom rate per 100 local

caiis.1

$4.45 4.21 4.21 3.88 3.13 3.53 2.20 1.52 1.48 1.15 1.03 1.05 1.04

.!)4

.77

.69

1 Not counting toll calls. 2 Bell System. 1 Independent.

While Washington is given a service of only 800 to 1,100 calls per telephone, the average calls per telephone in the United States was 2,055, according to the census of 1912, and some of the cities show a phone utilization of .more than ·3,000 calls per annum. For this half-normal service I am informed that the average paid per 100 calls in Washington was $3 to $4, when the average for the United States was 89 cents per hundred for the independents, with a general average of less than $1 per hundred in some of the large cities.

Obviously, the test of any service institution is the amount and quality of service rendered the public, stated in terms of the number of employees and the amount of capital employed to obtain such service.

The committee of the Post Office Department on telephones and telegraphs which made an elaborate investigation of this subject, the report of which I had the honor to transmit to the Senate on the 31st day of January, 1914, and which was pub­lished as Senate Document -No. 399, second session Sixty-third Congress, found that the assumption by the Post Office Depart­ment of the function of electrical communication would permit of substantial savings and economies through the coordination of these two now diversely organized and operated services of communication. They differ only in this: That the railroad or personal carrier bears one communication and the wires carry the other.

The following bureaus or services are now maintained, each independently, by the Post Office Department aRd the telephone system:

THE POST OFFICE.

Postmaster General. Four assistants. Law department. Auditor. Treasurer's office. Purchasing bureau.

THE TELEPHONE SYSTEM.

Pre ident of the company. Vice presidentS and directors. Law departme_nt. Auditor. Treasurer's office. Purchasing bureau.

The " commercial account" under. private management in­cludes such items as " advertising, canvassing, promotion, rev­enue accounting; revenue collecting, collection expense, salaries of general officers, and their clerks." These are susceptible of 'complete elimination by postal methods. Indeed, it is not too much· to say that their entire revenue-collecting and accounting system can be practically displaced under postal methods and the work reduced substantially to one of maintenance and devel-opment. · ·

Much-indeed, nearly all-the abo\e duplicating official tele­phone personnel represent established functions in the Post Office Department, dischargeable by it with slight, if any, addi­tional expense. There is, besides, the very considerable item or earnings on inYestment. Public uti1ity commissions proceed on the theory that priYate enterprises are entitled to claim, if they can earn, a return of 8 per cent per annum, which is not unrea­sonable to private enterprise. Government capital, on the other · hand, should cost only about one-half this amount. Taking the savings from unification of mail and telephone communication systems, along with the immense saving in capital charges, I have the fullest confidence in the statement made to the District Utilities Commission as to the results of postal management or the District telephone system if · authority be given to unite it wi tll the Postal Service.

Iu fact, the accomplishments suggested present a very great understatement of "hat postal policy and postal management

1918. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. SENATE. 2959 can nccomplish in operating the telephone system in the District of Columbia.

The ~u~estion that the Post Office Department enter the field I

of electrical communication is in no sense new or recent. As Po!=ltmuster General I have made the recommepdation in my nnnuul reports fivp succel E':ive times. The recommendation was -n1ade by my immediate predecessor. ·and by many o<tther Po tmas- . ten~ GeneraL In the infancy of telephont> communication a like :recommemlation wa~; mflde by Postmaster General John Wana­maker. Amon~ other· thing::;; he stated:

"A year from next hl:trch the telephone patent expires, nnd unle~s CongreRs acts promptlY to authorize its adoption for com­munication among the people it requires no stretch of the imagi­·nation t-o believe that in the next two ye<lrs one immen e syn­!Ucate will unite and control all the hundreds of telephone 'Phmt, of the country ~1s the telegraph is now controlled, or the two -will be unitecl. :mel then for the ne."{t 20 years the most .m:;tute :1ttorneys will he le~itima:tely earning large salaries in indignantly oppi). ing the so-called attacks of future Postmasters Genernl uvon defem;eless vested rights."

How prophetic this stntement wns! At this time how fa­miliar we are with it! How often did we bear it when there was pent ling before the Congress the propo, itions for the estab­iL hm~nt of the prrrcel post ancl the postal sal'ings!

ThE> function of communication so clearly appertains to the G-overnment that it is provided for in -the Constitution of the , United States.

Commnnicntirm is a means primal to the gratification of all human requirements. It shoulcl therefore be made necessible to all per ons, -whatever thclr fortunes may be. as consiclerntions of puhlic eemwmy will allow. This means that runple fnMlities should be provi<lerl hy the Government which is charge:<l by the 1Constitution with this great function. It me:ms, ·too. that the s.errice .should be provi<le<.l at reasonable '('Ost; in fact, at ·as low co. t ns efficient sen ice permitR. so that the ' largest number .J1ossible may use H. The J>ostal System has so realiz;ecl th.ese gre:.tt object.c;;. so formulated its rHtes, that the poorest self­£U~tnining humrm bejng -can afford to use :my service 'it ]"ler­forrus. The only postn.l limitation on his communicating from end to .end of the Republic is the cost of a 2-eent stamp. .On tile other .hand, the U!';P of these great facilities of communi­cnting by elecb·icity is woefully restricted amnng the masses of the people by the nPce:sities of the interest of · private persons ~~ o own and mana~e th~. Among the masses <>f the people, even here in W.ashington, the Ca;pital of the t~ichest country of the world, the majority are sho\TU to be del}ied this went con­-venience. Tl1e following tah1e on the testimony Jf the ,presi­tl(:'nt of the Che..<mpcn ke & Potomac Telepl1one Co., testifxing -as to the distrihution •of the telephone Reryice among the residences of the city before the Committee on the District of Columbia of tl1e Hou~ .of H.eprel entativ-es, speaks conclmdvely as to the efi'ect of high rates and private control upon this great • gency -of comruuuication:

ne hnndrefl families. paying 1l "house rent­Up to $20. hnve 10 phones-10 pet· cent~ Up to ... 3:'i. haYe 23 phone~-23 per cent. AlJo>e $3:>. hn ve 82 phones-82 per cent. It s no· critichm1 nf private endeavor to quote the above facts.

They rep-resent failures-grave f::rilures-in modern communi­cation: lJut they are failures jtHlged by rpostal standards, not lly the ~taml11rds of private .enterprise. Tl1e wealth' -of the United Stntes is ·nmple to ju!{t1fy a complete te]('phone service !in iu Capital. Private endeavor floes not have the .kind of mo­tive nece .. nry for the accompli~hment of tllis or other postal objects. Great organizations of nntlona1 scope it bas built up jn thut part of the field of communication which the Goverll­ment hn. Sf) long ncglected-ntglect~d. I 'Say, 'but not sur•·en­-derec.l either it~ ri~ht or duty to perform. i'W'llile :the postul Tntes in the United Stutes are the lo,Yest mnong postal ~ystems. the follo,,ing tHhle, taken from the <report of the telephone nncl tcJe~rnph committee of the Post Office Department, Rhows how po~i:al telephone rHtE>" in -other countries ·compare wiitll the pri­v.ate rates in the United States:

Statement of the averag-e rates for nine countries on the Con­tinent of Europe:

Toll tclep1tone ·t·ates.

Distance.

1(¥.) 300 400 500 700 miles. miles. miles. miles. · miles.

--------------1---------------Continentnl rate ... _ ......•....• _ ..•. __ •.. -:<>. 20 to. 87 ~0. 39 10. 46 ~ ~ellrate ..•..••.•.• ·-···--············-·· .60 1.80 2AO 3.00 4 . .20

Of the long-distance telephone rates 1t has been stated by one who bas made a m<>st searching study of the question that "it costs 'the American as much to 8hip his communication over the wires. mile for mile. as it eosts 1lim to ship a ton af freight on t11e railway. The telephone rate equals 6 mills a mile, the avera~e railway rate about 7 mills."

It slwold be added that the aggregate postal revenues in the 16 great .postal .systems conducting these, as well as other func­tions 'Of orgnnized communication, show a surplus profit of .2Al per cent in tlleir annual receipts. A reason why the po~ta! system can achleve cheap rates and -provide efficient service is that it has no uneconomic. no wasteful intere.c;;ts to serve. Hence the great dL<;parity of the telephone rates ln th.e United States us -compared with those of Jlostal syRtems. non,ithstandin~ our postal rates are as low or l-Ower. Hence; too, the humiliating knowledge that instead of ranking fir. t in the frequency of our use of tl1e telephone communi.cation we rank low, and not high, in the use of these serv.ices.

The conclusion can not b€ escaped that private rate making it> responsible for the out-of-date and inadequate telephone serv­ice. and for its resulting breakdown from congestion of traffic, in Washington~ And the local company propo es relief only by destrqying, through higher rates, «:>wn more of the existing traffic of the city. The rates now restrict the use of the phone to about one-half the utilization obtaining throughout the country. Its proposed remedy is to eliminate, by higher rates, a large part of the service that is left. ·

PROPGSITH~NS RESTATED.

Finally, I wish to add that there is nmeh other information · gathered, studied, nnd compiled by the Post Office Department, reflecting on the propo ition that. if gin~n authority, the Post Office Department can a-chieve the results 8tate<l in the an­nouncement made before the Utilities Commission.

In concludin~ I ~ish to repeat, on the basis of the informntion hereinbefore produced, anti as the result of careful studies:

First. 'l'ha t, if ' given authority by the Congress, the Post Office DepUl·tment .cnn take o\·er the . telephone service of tbe District of Columbia and be ab1e to-

(a) Operate it "ithout increa, ed cb:uges to the patrons. (b) Without reducing the salaries of employees. (e) And pay for the system out of the .surplus revenues of th.~

Postal Service. _ To which propositions I am ab1e to nrlll another: Second. That within a reasonable time after receiving such

authority the Post Office Department will permanently remove the present congestion of t{>lephone trnffie and bring -about a more general use of the lines to both the Go~1·nment and private patrons.

I have only to further add that .so much .as might be neces!'>.:wy of the surplus of the Post Office Department for the .fiscal yt>ar.s "J..916 and 1917 could nowhere an<.1 in no way be more appro­p'!'iately applied than ln giving the Gov€'rnruent, in its stress, and the pe<>:p_le of the Capital City permanent. adequate facili­ties for communication. and at reasonable mtes.

Permit me also to direct attention to the fact that there is no Government engaged in the present \var-there ls hardly a gov­ernment anywhere--witich intrusts its official secrets and cor­respondence to unofficial and p.rivate carriers.

ne pectfully, A. S. Bmn.ESoN,

Post.m.a.8ter General .. :PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS.

Mr. NELSON presented a JJetftlon of Lewis McK une Post, No. 27. Grand ~~rmy of the Republic. Department of Minnesota, rof Wm::;eea, 1.\Iinn., praying for an increase in the pensions of vete1·ans of the Civil 1Var, which was t-eferred to the Committee on Pensions.

~Ir. THOMPSON presente~ .a petition of W. T. :Sherman Po.c:t, No. 113, Grand Army of the Republic, Department of Kansas, .of Concordia, Kans., prayin-g for an lncrease of pensions to Teternus of the Civil War, whlc1l was referred to the Committee on Pensions. -

He also presented a petition of Local Branch. International Br(ltberhood of Locomotive EnJti_neers, .()f Parsons, Kans., pray­ing fo1· an increru;e in the salaries <>f postal employees, which was .refelTed to the Committee on PoRt OfficPs and Post Roads.

He ruso presented a petition of the Farmers' Union. ()f Gr<>ve. land, Kans., praying for the enactment of leldslntion fixing the price of tbe 1918 wneat crop at $2.50 per busllel, which was ordered to lie on the table.

l!Ir. JONES of Wru;hin-gton presented a memorial of Locnl Brnnch, Brotherhood of Railroad Trn:inmen. of Bellingham, Wash.~ rP.monstrating aga.in.st the enactment of legislation pro­viding for th_e placing of railroad employee under the pro-

2960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE.

visious of the Federal employees' compensation act, which was referred to the Committee on Interstate Commerce.

Mr. :McLEAN presented a petition of Local Branch No. 192, National Association of Letter Carriers, of New Britain, Conn., praying for an increase in the salaries of postal employees, which was referred to the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads.

He also presented petitions of sundry citizens of Bridgeport and New· Haven, in the State of Connecticut, praying for the submission of a Federal suffrage amendment to the legislatures of the several States,. which were ordered to lie on the table.

1\!r. TOWNSEND presented a petition of the Board of Com­merce of Detroit, Mich., praying for the creation of a commis­sion to report a plan for the adoption of a national budget sys­tem, which was referred to the Committee on Appropriations.

He also presented a peti_tion of the Ladies' ,Literary Club, of Shelby, Mich., and a petition of the Pastors' Association, of Jack­son, 1\Iich., praying for national prohibition as a war measure, w.hich were referred to the Coni.mittee on Military Affairs.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEE ON :MILITARY AFFAIRS.

1\Ir. FLETCHER, from the Committee on Military Affairs, to whic~ was referred the bill (S. 3426) to empower the .President to requisition timber and timber products for war purposes, re­

. ported it with amendments and submitted a report (No. 298) thereon.

He also, from the same committee, to which were referred the following bills, reported them each without amendment and submitted reports thereon:

S. 3980. A bill to prevent interference with the use of homing pigeons by the United States, to provide a penalty for such in­terference, and for other purposes (Rcpt. No. 296) ; and

S. 3982. A bill to suspend certain restrictions on the purchase and distribution of military stores and supplies, and for other purposes ( Rept. No. 297) •

STATUS OF ARMY NURSE CORPS.

Mr. FLETCHER. On January 16 the Senator from Florida [1\fr. TRAMMELL] submitted a resolution (S. Res. 185) directing the Committee on Military Affairs of the Senate to investigate and report as to the available number of trained nurses for service in the United States Army. The resolution was agreed to, and I am directed by the Committee on Military Affairs to makes a report (No. 299) pursuant to that resolution, which I ask to have printed in the RECORD. _

There being no objection, the report submitted this day by 1\fr. FLETCHER was ordered to lie on the table and to be printed in the RECORD, as follows :

[Senate Report No. 299, 65th Cong., 2d sess.] Mr, FLETCHER, from the Committee on Military A.ft'airs, submitted the

following report: ll'he Committee on Military A.ft'alrs, which was directed by the Senate

to investigate and report upon certain matters relative to the status of the A.rmy Nurse Corps, having had the matter under considern.tion, begs" leave to submit her~with n. memorandum from the Surgeon General of the Army giving detailed information on the subject, together with a communication of similar import from Dr. Franklin Martin, member of the advisory commission, Council of National Defense, wh.ich your committee presents as its report: :MEl\lORANDUM FOR THE SECRETARY OF WAR RELATING TO STATUS OF THE

ARMY NURSE CORPS, WAR DEPARTMENT,

OFFICE OF THE SURGEON GENEitAL, Washington, January 24, 1918.

There are at present in the United States about 200,000 nurses, of whom it is estimated betweep 80,000 and 90,000 are registered, the remainder bei.ng composed of graduate nurses and the so-called prac· tical nurses. Approximately 30,000 nurses will be needed for service in the Army hospitals during the present year. In 1909 the plan was evolved whereby the enrolled nurses of the American Red Cross were constituted the reserve of the A.rmy Nurse Corps for service in time of war or other emergency. It is estimated there are about 16l000 nurses enrolled with this organization at this time, 8,000 of wnom have enrolled since the ·declaration of war. Nurses are also a<lm.itted into the regular corps, and for the period of the war emergency. The applications of all graduate nurses who are professionally, morally, and physically qualified for service will be given consideration, whether registered or not.

There are at present 40,000 student nurses in aC<;!'editecl training schools for nurses in this country, and about 13,000 graduate annually The plan of organizing training schools in connection with Army hos: pitals is not believed to be practicable, and it is thought preferable to accept only nurses who have graduated from civil institutions.

, It 1 not ~ontemplated at this time to employ any but graduate nurses in the Army hospitals, but should conditions indicate there wlll be a shortage of graduate nurses, steps will be taken in ample time for

- the e tablishment of courses for nurses' aids in certain civil institutions in this country. These aids will be selected from among those women who have taken the course in home care of the sick and elementary hygiene under the American Red Cross, and also other women who are considered suitable. They will be given a course of practical instruc­tion in a civil institution with a view to assignment as nurses' aid in an Army ho pital if needed.

At the present time there are 534 members of the regular corps and 4.204 who ha'le entered the service us reserve nurses, Army Nurse Corps, through the American ned Cross. It is believed that the present sup­ply of nur es i snfficlent to meet the prospective needs of the· service.

w. c. GORO.iS, Strrgcon Ge-neral, United States Ar-my.

COUNCIL OF NATIONAL DEFENSE, ­Washington, January 24, 1MB.

From: Dr. Franklin Martin, member Qf advisory commission . . To: Hon. GEORGE E. CHAMBERLAIN, chairman Senate Committee on

Military A.ft'airs. Subject: Present and prospective supply of nurses for military service

1. We have the honor to submit to you the following report: • 2. T~e committee on nursing of th£: general medical board, Co:uncll

of Nahonal Defense, will be pleased to appear before your committee at any time and submit full information regarding the present and prospective status of the nursing supply for military service.

8. In the meantime, however, I submit the following facts: There are approximately 80,000 registered nurses in the United States, 40,000 student nurses in accredited schools, 13,000 nurses graduating annually

4. The following are figures received to-day from the Army Navy' and Red Cross Department of Nursing: ' ' Assigned to active duty in the A.rmy:

~~g: ::: l:cftr~:S:~e-~~~~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 4, ~g£ - Total---------------------------------------------- 4,738

Assl~ed to active duty in the Navy: ---rom the Navy Nurse Corps~-------------------------- 257

From the Red Cross----------------------------------- 570

Total-------------------------------------------------s21

Assigned to active duty under the Red Cross: United States Public Health Service____________________ 70 Over-seas service-------------------------------------- 04 Specialized services in United States_____________________ 3 Total number furnished by Red Cross to Army and Navy,

now on active dutY---------------------------------- 4,911 Total number awaiting orders-------------------------- 2, 500

Nine thousand nurse!3 have been enrolled by the Red Cross since the declaration . of war. The total enrollment of Red Cross nurses is ap­proximately 17,000, which includes, however, those enrolled for special service and a proportion who are not available for active service.

5. At the present date the A.rmy, Navy, and Red Cross are filling all demands. A mobilization camp for nurses has just been established which 'vill facilitate the :qtov~ment of nurses to their posts.

6. A defini~e publicity program has been planned and is in progress by the comnnttee on nursing for the purpose of rapidly increasing en­rollment for service and for strengthening the reserve. Since war was declared approximately 1,000 nurses have been enrolled for service each month.

7. This committee now has under serious consideration other radical measures to propose which, if found feasible, will, in its judgment in­sure an adequate supply of nurses for the anticipated future increments taking into consideration the increased demand when the A.rmy shali more largely engage in active con.flict.

FRANKLIN MA.R!I'IN, . Mem-ber the Advisory Oommission.

URGE~T DEFICIENCY APPitOPRIATIONS.

Mr. :MARTIN. With the consent of the Senator from North Carolina [Mr. SIMMONS], who has charge of the pending bill, I ask leave out of order to report back from the Committee on Ap­propriations with amendments the bill (H. R. 9867) making ap­propriations to supply urgent deficiencies in appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1918, and prior fiscal years, on ac­count of war expenses, and for other purposes, and I submit a report (No. 295) thereon. As the matters in the bill are very urgent, I shall endeavor to have- the Senate take it up to­morrow.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The bill will be placed on the calendar. ·

ISSUANCE OF WAR-RISK INSURANCE.

:Mr. WILLIAl\1S. I ask permission to make a favorable report from the Committee on Finance on Senate joint resolution 133, authorizing the granting of insurance under the act entitled "An act to authorize the establishment of a Bureau of 'Var-Risk In­surance in the Treasury Department," approved September 2, 1914, as amended by the act approved October 6, 1917, on appli­cation by a person other than the person to be insured, and I shall follow that, after the joint resolution has been read, with the request for unanimous consent for its immediate considera­tion.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from l\1issis­sippi asks unanimous consent for the immediate consideration of the joint resolution reported by him ft'Olll the Committee on Finance. Is there objection?

Mr. SMOOT. l\1r. President, I wish to have the joint resolu­tion read first. I am a member of the Finance Committee, lmt I know nothing about it.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Secretary will read the joint resolution.

The joint resolution ( S. J. Res. 133) was read, ns follows : Resolved, etc., That insurance under the act entitled "An act to au­

thorize the establishment of a Bureau of War-Risk Insurance in the Treasury Department," approved September 2, 1914, as amen<leti by the act approved October 6i 1917, shall be granted by the Bureau of War­Risk . Insurance on app ication made by the person to be insured or, subject to such regulations as the bureau mny prescribe, by any othet· per!>on.

1\lr. SMOOT. 1\lr. President, I should like the Senator from 1\Iississippi, reporting the joint resolution; to explain it, because I have not seen the joint resolution, nor have I heard it read, except as it was read from the <lesk just now.

1918. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE. . 2961 . Mr. 'VILLIAl\IS. l\Ir. President, in reply to the question ()f the Senator from Utah, I will say that we have found some difficulty in the execution of the insurance clause of the sol­diers and .sai1ors' allowance and allotment and insurance Qil1, growing out of the fact that we provided in the bill that the soldier alone should make the application. Many of these sol­<liers have gone to France; and when their agents here, or somebody on behalf of them, wants to make the application the law stands in the way. This joint resolution does not change the beneficiaries under the law; it does not widen or re trict them, or the choice of them, in any way ; but it merely permi.ts the father or the mother or any other person here to make the application for the soldier, under the provi­sions of the law as now written, for the in urance as now provided. It was accompanied by a letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, who wanted as quick action as possible. As a consequence, the committee, not being able to be called together, was polled and all of the members of the committee that could be seen immediately signed it. It happened that the Senator from Utah was not in the Chamber, I suppose, at the time; but it was signed by the Senator from M:assachusett::; [Mr. LoDGE], the Senator from North Carolina [Mr. SIMMONS]t the Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. GERRY], and myself.

Mr. SMOOT. Mr. Pre ident, I have ha<l a chance to read the joint resolution, and I hope it will pa~s at this time.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection to the present consideration of the joint resolution?

There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, proceeded to consider the joint resolution.

The .joint resolution was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed.

BILLS AND JOINT TIESOLUTION INTRODUCED.

Bills and a joint resolution were introduced, read the first time, and, by unanimous consent, the second time, and referred as follows :·

By Mr. FLETCHER: . A bill (S. 4012) to protect persons in the military or naval

forces of the United States during the present war from loss of rights under claims initiated upon the public funds, and for other purposes (wlth accompanying papers) ; to the Committee on Public Lands.

A bill ( S. 4013) to amend certain sections of the act entitled "An act for making further and more effectual pro­vision for the national defense, and for other purposes," ap­provc<l June 3, 1916, !lnd for other purposes; to the Committee on Military Affairs.

A joint resolution (S. J. Res. 136) providing for the regis­n·ation for military service of the subjects or citizens residing in the United States of a foreign country with whose Govern­ment the United States bas concluded or hereafter concludes a convention or agreement consenting to such aliens being drafted into the military forces of the United States under the terms of the act approved l\fay 18, 1917, entitled "An act to authorize the Pre ident to increase temporarily the Military Establishment of the United States," and all amendments thereto; to the Committee on l\lilitary Affairs.

AM.E~DMENT TO URGENT DEFICIENCY BILL.

l\lr. LODGE submitted an amendment proposing to appro­priate $15,000 for the installation of an electrically operated fog­signal whistle on t11e east breakwater, Nantucket Harbor, l\!ass., intended to be proposed by him to the urgent deficiency appro­priation bill (H. R. 9867), which was ordere<l to lie on the table and be printed.

CLAIMS OF OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN. 1\lr. FLETCHER submitted an amendment intenued to be

proposed by him to the bill ( S. 3527) to amend an act entitled "An act to provide for the settlement of the claims of officers and enlisted men of the .Army for loss of private property de­stroyed in the military service of the United States," ap­proved l\la.rch 3, 1885, which was ordered to lie on the table _and be printed.

C.ll.LING OF THE ROLL,

:ur. SIMMONS. I sugge t the absence of a quorum. I think it important before we take up the amendments to Senate bill 3914 to secure a fuller attendance than we now have.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Secretary will call the roll.

The Secretary ealled the roll, and the following Senators an­swered to their names :

LVI-188

Ashurst Beckham Brahdegee Colt Culberson Curtis Dlllingham Fernald Fletcher Gallinger Gerry Gore Gronna Hale Harding Hardwick Henderson

Hollis Johnson, S.Dak. ·Jones, N. Mex. Jones, Wah. Kendrick King Kirby Lodge .McCumber .McKellar McNary Martin Nelson New Norris Nugent · Overman

Owe!l Page Pittmllll Poindexter Pomerene Ransdell Reed Saulsbury Shafroth ShPppard Sherman Shields Simmons Smith. Ga. Smith, Md. Smith, Micll. Smith, S.C.

. Smoot StPrling Stone SuthPrland Swanson Thomas Thompson Tillman Underwood Vardaman Walsh Warren Watson Williams Wolcott

l\fr. GRONNA. I desire to announce that the Senator f·rom Wisconsin [lUr. LA FoLLETTE] is absent, due to illness in his family.

Mr. ASHURST. I wish to announce that my colleague, the senior Senator from Arizona [l\Ir. SMITH], is absent by reason of illness.

Mr. BECKHAM. I de ire to announce that my colleague, the senior Senator from Kentucky [Mr. JAAIEs], is detained on account of illness. I ask that this announcement may stand for the day. ·

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Sixty-six Senators haye an­swered to their names. There is a quorum present.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA TELEPHONE SERVICE.

l\lr. KING. Will the Senator from North Carolina yield to me for a moment?

l\fr. Sil\lliONS. I yield. l\lr. KING. On the 25th day of February I offered a resolu­

tion, which reads as follows : Senate resolution 207.

Whereas It is reported in the public press that the Postmaster General of the United States ofl'ered to take over and operate, in behalf or the United States, the telephone system of the Chesapeake· & ·Potomac Telephone Co. within the District of Columbia: Therefore be it Resolved, That the Postmaster General bet and he is hereby, directed

to transmit to the Senate the proposition maoe by hlm to the Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Co., and also to transmit to the Senate an.v infor­mation which he may possess authorizing hlm to make such, or any, proposition looking to the taking over of and the operation by the Gov. ernment of said telephone system.

I am just advised, Mr. Pre ldent, that in response to this reso­lution; which was adopted, the Postmaster General tran mitted this day to the Senate-

l\lr. NORRIS. Mr. President, we are unable on this side to bear the Senator. I should like to hear what he has to say. I ask that we may have order.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The. Senate will be in order. 1\lr. SIMMONS. The Senator from Utah was not in the Cham­

ber at the time I think when the Senator from Oklahoma [Mr. GoRE] asked that the communication of the Postmaster General be ordered printed in the RECORD.

Mr. KING. I rose for the purpose of submitting an objection to what was done by the Senate.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair will inform the Senator from Utah that the communication came to the Presi· dent pro tempore and by the Chair was laid before the Senate, and on request of the Senator from Oklahoma and by unanimous consent it was ordered printed in the REcoRD. That is the situation.

Mr. KING. Later during the day I may offer a motion to set a ide the order for the printing of the report. I have just come into the Chamber and have had no opportunity to examine the communication from the Postmaster General, except very hastily, but, I believe it goes beyond the terms of the resolution. The resolution merely requested the Postma ter General to state under wllat law he had made a proposition, if any, for the Government to take over and operate the telephone r-ystem owned by the Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Co. In re­sponse to such resolution there is submitted an m·gument of 10 pages of type·written matter in favor of the Government taking over the telephone system. We did not ask him for an argu- · ment in favor of governmental ownership or operation of the telephone system; we asked him by what authority of law he submitte<l a proposition, if one was made, to the telephone com­pany.

l\fr. STO:~"E. ·no I understand the Senator favors taking over the telephone system?

Mr. KING. I have hardly looked at the report, but I gather from it that the Postmaster General is in favor of the Goyern­ment taking over the telephone sy~tem.

Mr. STONE. The Postmaster General, I tmderstand, is in favor of it. · I 'vas asking the Senator if he is in f:wor of it?

2962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. !lARcH 4,

~Ir. KING. I mn >ery much opposed to 'it. I will state to the Senator from 1\fissouri I think that the Government of the United States has burdens enough now, and ought not to b~ culled upon to assume additional ones, unless absolutely neces~ sary. In my opinion, it ought not to pur<;hase and take over" the telephone sy~ tPm of the District of Columbia or undertake its operation. However, tl1€ question of governmental owner­ship or operatum and control is one which can be considered in a pi'oper way and at 'tbe proper time. But the point I am making is that wben au executive officer is asked for the au­thority for a certain pr.opos1tion, it is not a proper response to submit an argument i~ favor of the proposition.

Mr. STONE and 1\Ir • .JONES of Washington addressed the Ohair.

Mr. KING. I yield to the Senator from Missouri. l\1r. STONE. I have· nothing to say at the present moment as

to whether the reply of the Postmaster General to the resolu­tion 1s proper or not, nor hav.e I anything at this moment to say as to whether the Government should take upon itself the burden indicated b the Senator .f17om Utah, if the taking over of the system <>f telephones is a 'burden, but I do undertake to say that the .system as operated in the District of Columbia is so absolutely inefficient that it would seem · to me that even the Gov-ernment's business would req_uire that some better service be rendered. Whether or not that service can be better ~.·en­dered in this way I do not know, but I do undertake to assert that the service .could n.ot be worse than it is.

.1\fr. KING. 1\lr. Presklent. thRt i not the ·question which is inYoln~<l in thi ~ matter. A simple resolution wo..s adopted ask­ing tbe Postma ter General to state whether he ha<l submitted a propo ·ition to take over and operate a certain telephone SyA­tem, and if o, what law e:xisted authorizing it; and I submit that it is not proper under that re olution fo.r an argument to be sent to thi s hody in favor of Government ownership or opera­tion of the telephone sys tem. It is that of which I am com­plaining. We did not ask in the resolution for the opinion of the distinzuished n.nd able -offic-ial or for an argument in favor of t!'O>ern.mental control or operation of the telephone system.

1\l.r • .JONES of Washington and Mr. NORRIS addres ed the Chair.

Tbe PRESIDENT pro tempo~·e. Does the S.enator :f.r_om Utah yield, ·and. if so, to whom?

.l\Ir. KING. I yield to the .Senator from Washington. who first addres ed the chair, and then I will yield to the Senator from Nebraska.

1\ir. JONES of "\Va hington. I was merely curi-ous to know whether the Postmaster General has in fact given the Senate the information asked for in the resolution.

1\Ir. KING. In a certain way he does furnish it. In effect he ass there is no statute authorizing governmental control, but he fu:rni:she an argument in support of the G.o>ernment taking over the control and operation of the telephone system in the District. I now yield to the ~enator from Nebraska,

Mr. NORRIS. I should like to sugge..st to the Senator from Utah tbat it seems to me his suggestion is that the answer of the Postmaster General is not responsive to the request of the Sen.nte. If that be true !"pre. u.me it would be perfectly proper for the Senator or the Senate to call on the Po tmaster General for another reply, but it mm:t 'be apparent to the Senator that the Senate can not decide that question until it has before it the response of the Postmaster General. Therefore I think it ought either to be read to the Senate <>r it ought to be printed in the RECORD, so that the Senate will be able to see whether the respon e of the department i responsive; and if it is not, it would be very proper, it seems to me, to pas an additional resolution calling attention to the fact that it i.s not responsive and a.sk him for a more definite -~.·eply.

Mr. KING. I am inclined to think. without reading the entire reply submitted by the Po tmaster General, that it is apparent he concedes a lack of authority for making a proposition for governmental control and also alleges that any proposal made was conditioned upon .congressional approval. The resolution coulcl haYe been answered categorically in half a doz.en words. :Uy point is that in the report submitted in reply to the resolu­tion I do not think that part of the report which contains an argument for F a era1 control was responsive or proper.

Mr. SMITH of Michigan. Mr. President--1\ir. KING. I yield to the Senator from Michigan. Mr. SMITH of Michigan. I should like to .a.sk the Senator from

Utah if in the reply of the Postmaster General there is any indication that in the intere!'lt of the conduct of the war priv-ate conversation hould be controlled in the District of Columbia '2

1\lr. KING. I have not had the opportunity to sufficiently acquaint myself with the report in order to determine.

~Ir. S:MITI;I of Michigan. And that certain hours of the day should be assigned for Government business exclusively?

1\lr. KING. I do not know whether such a suggestion as that was mac!€, but that does not reach the poiut to which ,I am call­ing the attention of the Senn.te. I am submitting to the Senate this proposition~ A resolution was adopted asking the depart­ment if it made a certain propositi.on; and if so, to state whether there was any legal authority for the same; and I am contending that it is not the proper or orderly way for the department to submit a reply which contains an argument in favor of some governmental policy.

Mr. HARDWICK. Mr. President---1\Ir. KING. I yieM to the Senator from Georgia. -Mr. HARDWICK. As the Senator knows, I am quite in

sympathy with his view.s on this matter, but it occurs to me that on an examination of the communication which the Post­master Genernl has sent it will be se€n that he is simply saying, "I did not make any proposition; I merely said I would do this thing if Congress gave me authority," and besides that he goes further to make an argument to the Senate that Congress ought to give him authority. That is about the situation.

Ur. KING. I ask the Senator from Georgia if he thinks that was warranted by the resolution which was adopted?

Mr. HARDWICK. It is difficult to say. Of course the Post­master General ought to have an.swered,_ directly the question of the Senate. I think po sibly he ha done so, if the Senator will examine what he says. He states that the po tma ter -of Wash­

·ington, Mr. Chance, went before the Utilities Commission and stated that if the Postmaster General w<>uld give him the op­portunity he w.ould be glad to take ovet· and operate this system.

Of course the question of propriety which the Senator raises is not of much interest, but there are many preceden.U; on both sides of the question in both Houses as to whether or not a Cabinet officer, having answered the specific inquiry of either one of these legislative bodies, should proceed fru·ther to advance ru.·gument in support of his views on the question about which he is asked. That is all there is in it.

1\Ir. KING. 'Vill the Senator yield to me, and allow me to ask him imother qu~tion?

1\ir. HARDWICK. Of course, I' yield, and in the Senator~s time. .

Mr. KING. Does the Seootor think that the departmeuts and branches of the Government shou1d be volunteering infor­mation or suggestions to Congr.ess with respect to legislation w'hen they .are not asked for their opinions with respect to the matter?

.Mr. HARDWICK. I quite agree with the Senatoi·. I want the Senator to understand exact1y what has happened. If the Senator wants my opinion, I will say that I do not think the Postmaster General delivers a message to Congress under the Constitution, and I do not think he has any right to make an argument, except as that argument is invited by the Senate or by the House. I do not think that the resolution of the Senate. which was introduced by the Senator from Utah, invited the Postmaster General to make an nrgument. It invited him sim­ply to state what the facts were in connection with this matter.

Mr. KING. I wish merely to say, in .conclu J.on, that I was not in the Chamber when the present occupant of the chair submitted this report, or I should have objected to the request of the Senator from Oklahoma that it be.printed in the RECOB.D. The -order having been made that it be printed in the RECOR-D, I shall not move to recon ider it; but r do want to register my protest against the course which has been pursued by the Post­master General in this matter.

:Mr. REED. Mr. President, I want to make an inquiry. l\Ir. KING. I yield to the Senator for that purpose. l\Ir. REED. I understand the complaint of the Senator from

Utah is that he asked the Postmaster General to an.swer a specific question, and that he has sent a rather long argument to the Senute?

Mr. KING. He .has sent 10 pages here. Mr. REED. Has the Senator from Utah been acqllllinted

with the Postmaster General very long? . Mr. KING. I have had the pleasure of knowing the Post­

master General for 18 years. 1\Ir. REED. Then, I think ·the Senator might be charged with

at least contributory negligence. [Laughter.] Mr. KING. I might plead guilty. Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. President, I want to go on recor<l in

connection with this question as saying that when either House , of Congress propounds an inquiry to the chief of a department, that chief is not confined to making a categorical reply. He not only can give reasons for what has been done by his depru.·t~

1918. CONGRESSION .AL RECORD-SEN 1\.TE. 2!}63

ment, if " invited " by the legislative branch in making an inquiry, but he can do it if it be relevant to the inquiry. So far as I ha>e been able to . ee--l ha>e not read the resolution itself but only a synopsis of it in t11e newspapers-the reply or the nrgument-call it that if you choose-is perfectly relevant to the inquiry. The inquiry is, What haYe you done? The reply is to state what was done, which was merely to say that if the Post Office Department were given authority, it would be glad to take over this function. Then, the inquiry was, " By what authority did you do it?" And the answer was, "By no authority of law"; but then the Postma ter General goes on to m:1ke an argument-if you choose to call it such-which is perfectly relevant to the inquiry about the reasons which, seem-· ingly to him, justified Mr. Chance in making the proposition.

There ~lso comes into play the other side of that; wbethel' it is proper and right for a Senator to criticize an officer of the executive department because that officer has exercised his right of judging for himself wheth r or not what he said in his reply, outside of a categorical "yes" or" no," was or was not relevant. If it be granted that he bas a right to go further than a mere " yes " or " no " and to put in such other thing in his reply as nre relevant, then it eems to me that he mu t be the judge of the relevancy.

l\lr. POINDEXTER. l\1r. President--The PHESIDE.NT pro tempore. Does the Senator from l\Iis­

i sippi yiel<l to the Senator from 'Vashington? 1\.Ir. WILLIAl\IS. I do. 1\:Ir. POINDEXTER. I desire to a k the Senator from l\1is­

si. ippi what this question bas to uo with the general policy as to the tnldng over of the telephone company by the Govern­ment? What does the question of whether or not this is printed in the REcoRD have upon that, and what bearing has it on the winning of the war?

l\lr. WILLIAl\IS. It ba no bearing upon the winnin~ of the war· but I have sat here for about two weeks now and have beard some thousands of ·words per day-per Senator in sowe case -thnt hnfl no bearing at all upon the winning of the war. But it has this bearing, to answer the other part of the Senator's question, that if it were a wrong thing to ask to be authorized ·bv Congre!'\s to do, that is one thing; if it were a right and pi·oper nnd useful thing to be asked to be authorized to do, then the Po tmn8ter General had a right to say that in his opin­ion it was proper, and that .if it \vere achieved as a p-urpose it would be useful.

l\lr. STONE. 1\fr. President--The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from 1\Iis­

si. sippi yield to the Senator from 1\li ouri? l\Ir. \VILLIAl\1S. Yes. 1\fr. STONE. I understood the Senator from Washington [1\Ir.

PoL~DEXTEI~] to ask \vhat the taking .DYer of the telephone sys­tem of the District of Columbia had to do with the winning of tile war.

l\Ir. POINDEXTER. 1\1ay I correct the Senator from Mis­souri?

l\lr. STONE. Certainly. l\Ir. POINDEXTER The Senator has mi stated my ques­

tion. 1\1y question wa. , 'Vhat bearing would the discussion here in the Senate--the taking up of the morning hour-on the sub­ject of whether or not this communication should be printed in the RECORD, have upon the winning of the war? If the Sena­tor from Mis issippi [1\Ir. WILLIAMS] will allow m,e. I will say that it took me on one occasion four hours to get the War De­partment on the telephone. I think if it can be arranged in ·orne way so that one could get the War Department on the

telephone inside of half an hour, that that would have some bearing upon the winning of the war.

l\lr. STONE. If my friend from 1\lis:sis ippi will permit me, I wish to say--

l\lr. WILLIA.l\IS. Let me conclude, and then I will yield. l\lr_ STONE. No; I wish to make the statement in the time

of the Senator from Mississippi. l\I1·. WILLIA..\1S. Very well. 1\Ir. STONE. I \Vish to say that it does seem to me that tl1e

effective use of the telephone in 'Vashington has something to do with the public ser"\ice of · the Government, which public service hns a vast ueal to do with the winning or the losing of the wnr. I do not know what the department's troubles may be in getting telephonic connection, but my e.xperiencP is something like that w11ich has just been detailed by the Senator from 'Va hington fl\Ir. PoiNDEXTER]. If it tak('S n half hom· for him, as it has often taken lor me, to get connection with the clep~rt­ments or the bureaus of the departments, to communicate with them about the public business, then I am prepared to say that it is a matter of great importance to the public senice of the Guv-;;rnment.

1\:Ir. WILLIAl\1S. 1\fr. Presictent. I agree pf>J'fN•tlv "·ith the Senator from 1\fissouri, of course, but the inqniry of the Sr•nntot• from Washington 'vas not dii·ected to that phast• of the mnttPr. If I had been asked the question, "What t ·king over the t('!e­pllones had to do with the n·inning of thP war:· my un:::;\ver would have been that it might have a great ueal to do with it or it might not; I think probably it would ha >P; but I was a ked what all this so-called argl11llent of the Po~tma~ter. Gen­eral and what the argument now going on, .in which I am par­ticipating, had to do witll the winning of the war, and my an­swer was frankly nothing at all.

1\lr. KING. Mr. President, just a wor<l. 'l'he Senator from l\Ii souri and the Senator from 1\lis issi11pi are good lawyers, but certainly they have forgotten the rules of evidence or have mi applied them when justifying the reply of the Postmaster General to the simple interrogation which \YUS propounded to him. ·

Mr. WILLIA.l\1S. l\.Ir. Pre iuent--1\Ir. KING. I will not ~.-iehl for the present; I wil1 do so in

a moment. 'Ve are not discu sing whether or not it is advis­able to take over t11e telephone system. 'Vf' are not <li cus:;ing whether or not the telephone sy~tem has been inefficient. We may come to a discussion of tlmt question, and the great knowl­edge of the Senator from l\Iissouri about telephone systems will dollbtle s be of great advantage to us when we shall discuss that que tion; but I submit again that when a proposition is sub­mitte<l to an executive officer asking a question--

l\Ir. STONE. The Senator must not misrepresent me. l\Ir. KING. Let me complete my statement. I do not yield

until I conclude, and then I shall yield to the Senator. When a que tion is submitted asking for a reply as to whether ot· not there is any legal authority for a proposition \Yhich it is re­ported the Postmaster General submitted, in my opinion it is not rele'\'ant for him to submit an elaborate argument in favor of the go>ernmental control of a telephone system. It would have been jllst as irreleyant if a question bad been submitted to the Secretary of the Treasury, if there had been some publica­tion to the effect that he had proposect to take over for the Government all of the railroads of the United States, asking him by what authority he made the proposition, and he had replied with an exhaustive argument in favor of governmental owner­ship and control of railroads. That would not be relevant; it would not be proper ; and I submit the propriety of it could be chnllenged by any Senator.

Now I yield to the Senator from :;\1is.souri, if he desires to pro­ponml a question.

l\fr. STONE. No; I do not; Ml'. WILLIA.l\IS. I had asked the Senator to yield to me

first. l\11'. KING. I beg the Senator's pardon ; I yield to him. 1\Ir. WILLIAMS. 1\lr. President, in the first place, t11e Post­

master General made no proposition to take over the telephones. All that was said was that, if the authority were granted by the Congress, the Post Office Department would gladly take them over. So much for that.

Now, the Senator from Utah is himself a great lawyer, and, being a lawyer, he ought to know that a Cabinet officer having an inquiry <lirected to him is not in the attitude of a witness on the stan<] in a court of justice and that the technical mles of legal evidence do not apply to him ; but, even if the technical rules of legal evidence did appear, when a witneRs in court is asked a question the court will not let counsel confine the wit­ness to a categorical reply; the witness has a right to explain the reasons why he makes the reply or to explain the reply or to modify it from a "yes" or" no."

1\lr. NORRIS. Mr. President, the Senator from Utah [l\1r. KI G] introduced a resolution, which the Senate passetl, and so it became a Senate resolution, maki·ng an inquiry of the Post­master General. The Postmaster General has responded to that resolution, and the response is lard before the Senate by the Presiding Officer. It bas never been read and it has not yet been printe<l in the RECORD, so that Members of the Senate may have nn opportunity to read it. I have not read it, and I presume no l\lember of the Senate has read it. The Senator from Utah bimself, who has the copy in his possession at the present time, has only glanced through it, and he says in effect that it is not responsive to the resolution of the Senate. Now, it seems to me thP . p1·oper course to pursue, si nee we ha >e not been allowed to hear it read .. is to wait until to-morrow. so that Senators may hnve an opportunity to rend the response, and then if the Senntor from Utah still thinks the an!'\wer of the Post­master Genel'al uoes not respond to his resolution, it would be perfectly proper, nnd I would be gln<l to see it done, to have a resolution intt·oduced and passed that \Yonhl cn\1 for n more definite re ponse; but we certainly ought not to be asked now

2964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE. l\IARCH 4,

to say that the answer of the Postmaster General is not respon- Mr. GALLINGER. Certainly. sive when we haye neither read it nor had an opportunity to 1\Ir. LODGE. I have never found any difficulty in being read it. landed' at the War Department by the telephone company irr.

The Senator from Utah referred to other Senators as great ' Washington; but after you get into the War Department, un­Iawyers. That reference can also be made to the Senator him- der the management of Government employees, they pass you self. and I hould like to suggest to him that if he made a motion about from one place to another, and it may take hours or it in a court and in response to his motion some document or re- may take five minutes. port had been introduced on the other side by order. of the Mr. GALLINGER. I confess I have not had that trouble; court and be det ermined that the production of the paper or the but, if that be so, lt is not the fault of the telephone company. document was not an answer and' a compliance with the order Mr. President, we have had 40,000 people loaded into this of the com·t, he could not expect the court to pass on his re- District in the last six months, and of course there is some dis­quest, reject the report, and ask for an additional report until arrangement of everything connected with the Government serv­the court had. an opportunity to examine the report that had ice. 'Vhile I do not speak for the telephone company, because been made. I do not Irnow anything at all of the officials, I think this is a:

1\fr. KING. 1\Ir. President, "ill the Senator yield to me? matter that might well rest until we have an investigation, if Mr. NORRIS. I yield. one is required, to ascertam whether the service here is good or Mr. KING. The Senator from Utah is not making any re- bad or indifferent: I know that in every country on the face

quest that calls for a determination by the Senate as to whether of' the earth where they have tried government ownership of or not the re oiution adopted was complied with or wa~ not telephones ~hey have had a service that was utterly execrable, complied With. and some of us know that from personar experience in Ger-

Mr. NORRIS. I understood from what the Senator said many and in England and in France; and it does not compare that he did not regard the reply as a proper answer. It may with the service we have had· in the, United States. be that when we have an opportunity to read it we may- all Mr. GORE. Mr. President, the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. agree with the Senator. Certainly I am not finding fault with NoRRIS] seems to overTook the fact that in the Senate the less him for wanting a direct reply to the resolution:. I would be we know about a subject the more we are disposed to discuss gla-d, so far- as my vote goes,- to assist in bringing about such a it. The Postmaster General~ served· foi"" a number of yen.rs in reply, if the answer of the Postmaster General is not responsive; the House. He is familiar with the rules and practices whi-ch but before I take any action officially to do that r want an QP- prevail in the Senate. Be knows that there is no ruie in the portunity either to read or to have read that response. Senate which requires a speech· to be· germane to the subject

When it is read 1 do not believe that we ought to take it upon If not the rule, that certainly is the practice; and if he had ourselves to say that the- Postmaster General might have an- confined hfmself rigorously to the subject be woufd have sinned swered thiS' request with fewer words; that he migb.t have done not only- a:gainst the rule but against all' the precedents and it in one sentence, whereas lie has· used 100 sentences. We practices which obtain in this body. I may say that if his an­must permir him to use some discretion in his answer ; in other swer is not direct-and· I have not had an opportunity to ex­words, we ought not to begin now in the Senate a censorship amine it-of course steps \\'ill fie taken to obtain a direct proposition; r confess . if we ever diu begin it the Postmaster answer. For the present we ought to proceed on the maxim General would be tb~ right official' to begin with, because it that that is certain· which can be made certain.

·would give him some-of his own medicine. My purl)ose, however, in. rising was to say that my orlginal Mr. KING. Mr. President, will the Senator yield for just intention was to ask that the report be read into the RECOitD, iri

a moment? order that Senators might hear- it thiS' morning. This discus-Mr; NORRIS. But instead of doing something tllat might be sion has hardly risen to the dignity of an ex parte proceeding,

in_the natur:e of a censorship of his depaTtment, we ought to give because Senators have not heard it. I asked that the report the Postmaster General the. widest latitude to respond. r now be printed, rather than that it be read, because I feared that yield to the Senator from Utah. · objection might be made to the reading. I knew how anxious,

Mr. KING. Mr. President, r think the Senator misunderstood not to sa.y how impatient, Senators ~·ere to- proceed with the the statement which I made. I said in substance, as· I recall, regular order~ I say this in explanation of why I did not ask that, taking the entire rel)ort, I believed that it was an answer, to have it read, so that if a discussion was to be had Senators that it was a confession that tliere' was no law authorizing him could proceed with the document clearly in their minds. I will to . take control or operate the telephone system, and that any merely add to. tha..t that the objections indicated by the Senator nroposar made- calls fo~ legislation. ~ry critrcrsm is· that the from Nortll: Carotina and the Senator- from Utah justify the distinguished Postmaster ·General submitted an argument, for fear which I entertained as to having the- document read. which we dM. not ask, in favor: of legislation I)Y. Congress.

Mr: NORRIS~ Mr. Fl"esident, it may be that when I have- WAR FINANCE co&PO~TION. examfued' the reply of the Postmaster General I will entirely- The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, resumed the con· agree with the Senator; but I understood the Senator to say, sideration of the bill (S. 3714) to provide' further for the when he- first took the- floor.- on this subject being brought up, national seeurity and defense, and, for the purpose of assisting that be ex:nected·mter on· to make a motion of some kind a:ffeet- in the· prosecution of· the' war, tO' provide credits for industries ing it. and- enterprises in tile United States necessll.I'y or contl'ibutory

1\Ir GALLINGER. Mr .. President, I dislike to take a moment to the prosecution of the war, and for other ·purposesr of" the· valna:ble tfine ofl the- Senate in. continuing this discus- The PRESIDENT' prO' tempore. The Secretary will state· slon but· if. the· Postmaster General did make his usuai argu- · the· pending amendment~ ment in· b.ehn'lt of· GoverJlmen ownership" of telephunes ·it doeEr ; The~ SE.eRETAR-Y. 'l'Jte pendrng ame-ndment is tn section 7, on not surprise me, although- I. think he liad no right to do it in page 13, where it iS' pro[>Gsed to stri}re out and insert-­answering a direct- question that- eman-ated from the Senate. ~!r-. SIMMONS. Mr. Presiaent, m order that we may save: The.Postmaster General loads down every report that he makes time I have consented that the bill be laid nside until to-morrow·. with arguments in favor of' Government ownership- of telegraphs I have conferred with the committee about it, and I am satisfied· and tele-phones;~ but Congress has not paid} any attention to that owing t-<>" certain. conditions we shall facilitate final action them, and 1 do- not believe· that Congress will pay any attention upon the bill by letting it go over until to-morrow. to what· he has said in response to the Senate resolution in this I therefore· ask that the unfinished business· may be tern-instance. porariiy laid asfde.

Just' one further word, :Mr. President and 1 mn doner The PRESIDENT pro tempo1·e~ Without objection, it is so• In view. of what has: been said, I can not for the life of me- ordered.

understand how a minority SenatoT, in my personr carr get con- AGRICULTURAL APPROPRIATIONS.-

nectiorr with the War.· Department very promptly over the tela'- , Mr: GORE. r ask· unanimous consent that the Senate pro-. phone. I Have fiad no troubfe, not the least in· the world, and- ceed to the consideration of House bill 9054., being the Agricul·

I:. have had my secretary call tim War Department a doz-en times· tural appropriation bilL in the last 10 days. I have~ always gotten tb~ connection-, and: There being no objection, the Senate, aS' in Committee of the l'lave made appointments to see- officials of t11e War Department~ Whole, resumed the consideration of the bill (H.- R. 9054) Fot.- SE>nators to say- that it takes two hours- to get telephone making armropriations for the De:gartment of Agriculture for connection. with the War Department surprises me beyond the fiscal year ending .Tune 30, 1919. · measure. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Secretary will state the Mr~ .LODGE. 1\Ir. President-- pending amendment Mr. GALLINGER. I yield to the Senator from 1\fa.ssachu- The Secretnry proceeded to state the pending amendment.

setts. · · · Mr: GORE.- 1\!r. President, it has: heen suggested with con-1\Ir. LODGN. May I ask the .Senator a question just there? siderable force that Senators did not apprehend 'that this meas- ·

1918. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 2965 ure woul.:l. be taken up at this· time. I t11erefore suggE>st the abf::enee <tf a quorum in order to afford Senators an opportunity to be ad~ i8ed.

Tl1e PHESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator frem Oklnhomn su.g~ests th~ absence of a quorum. The Secretary will can the roll.

The Secretnry called the roll, and the following Senators an-swererl to their names : · -AslmrRt Johnson, S."Dak. Overman Beel<ham Jones, N.Mex. Page Borah JonPs, Wash. Poindl'xter CulbPrson Kirby Ran81lell Curti~ Lorlge ~ auiF:bury Dilllngba.m· McCumber 8hafroth Fernald McKellar Sheppard Fletcher McLt>an ShPrman Gallinger McNary 8hie!IL" Gore Martin 8ilnmons Gronna Nelson ~mlth. Ga. Hale New Smoot Harding Norris Stone Hardwick Nugent Sutherland

~wanson Thomas Thomp on Trammell Underwood Yardaman Wa.tlRworth Walsh Warren ""at!':OD WC('kS Williams Wolcott

l\Ir. SHEPPARD. I de. ire to announce t11:1t the Senator from CaUfomia [1\lr. PHEL..'\N] is necessarily uetaine<l.

1\Ir. HOLLIS. I wi~h to announce that the Senator from Arkansas [1\11·. RomNsoN] and the 8,enator from South Carolina [1\lr. SMrTH] are detaine<l on official business.

1\Ir. McNAllY. I desire to announce the absence ot -my col­len~ue [1\lr_ CHAMBERLAIN] on account of illn-ess.

1r. NOHTIIS. I wish to announce the absence Gf the sPnior Senator from Iowa [1Ur. CUMMINS] an<l the junior Senator from Iowa [l\lr. KENYON], 'vho are in Iown in atten~ance upon the funeral of the wife of the senior Senator.

1\Ir. ASHUHST. I announ<'e the arn:en<'e of my colleague [Mr. S1.riTH of Arizona] on account of sickness.

:Mr. SUTHERLAND. I desire to allllounce the absence of the Renior Senator from 'Vest Virginia [Mr. GoFF] {}n account of iHne. s.

The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. FLETCHER in the chair). F1fty-fivt:> Senators ha'e answered to their names. Thert> is a quorum present. The Secretary will ·state the penuin:; amendment.

The SECRETARY. The amendment of the committee is, on page 13, on line 19, nfter the worn "nuthorities," ta strike out ... .$250,000 " and to insert " $500,000 : Pro'Vided, Thn t hereafter the act approved l\Iay 29, 1884 (23 Stat. L., p. 31). be, nnd the same is h-2reby, amencted to permit cattle · which have reacted to the tuberculin test to be shipped, transported, or moved from one State, Territory. or the Di...c:trict of Columbia, to ::my ot11er State, Territory, or the District of Columbia fAlr immediate R1aughter m ncconlanee "ith rules and regula­tions prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture/' so that, if amended. the paragraph will read:

For investigating the cHsease of tubprcuJosis of animals, for its control and eradication. fo-r tlu! tube.rculin testing of animals, and for l'f·SParches concerning the cause of the disease. ttH modE's of spread,. and mf'thofls of treatmPnt and prevention. including demonstrations, the fot·mation of orl!'ani:imtiona, and snrb other mPans nR may be necessary, either indep<'n<lentl.v or fn cooperation with farmPrs, aRso­c1ations, State or county autborltlPs, SnOO ooo: Prnv.i<led, 'rbat here­after tbe act approv!'{l Ma:v 29, 1884 (23 Stai:. L .. p. 31). be, and the same ts hereby, am('nde<l to permit cattJe wh1cb have reacted to the t11bt-rculin tPst to be shippE'd. transported, or mm·pcl from onP ~tnte, Territorv, cr the Dif:trict of Columbia to any other State, Territory, or tbe hiRtrict of Columbia for lmmPdiate slaughter, in accordnnl'e with rulPs and regulations prescribPd by the Secretary of Agriculture.

Ur. GRONNA. Mr. President. I should like to have the attention of the chairman of the committee. Thi. is an amend­ment which was offered by the Senator from NPhraska [Mr. Nor.JUs]. I was.. however. in favor of incrensing this amount to .. 750,000. That amendment was proposed by the Senator from Wyoming [Mr. \VAR:REN]. I shall not, of course. now attempt to further increase the appropriation. but I wish only to· say that there never was a time when this country wa.~ in need of meat and of beef as much a.s it is to-day, nnd when we realize, as hns been stated by the Secretary of Agriculture, that it llas been e~timated we are lo ing $25.000,000 worth of meat by this tubercular disease it seems to me it \vould be well to appropri­ate at least $1,000,000.·

While I am on my feet I wish to ask the chairman of the committee if he bas any objection to striking out the amend­ment \Vhich the committee proposed. limiting the shipment of tubercular cattle to immediate slaughter?

Mr. ·GORE. I would not object to striking out the words "immediate slaughter." -· l\fr. GRO~"NA. I was going to suggest that the lntter part of the amendment I believe takes care of the whole situation­" in accordance witb rules and regulations transmitted by .the SeCl·ctnry of Agriculture." That gives the Secretary of Agti-·

culture entire conh·ol, and it seems to me we· can wen afford tu trust it to the discretion of the Se(•retary of Agriculture.

l\1r. GORE. · Upon further invel"tigati()n I am inclined to believe that the words " immediate slaugfiter " ought to oo stricken out.

1\Ir. SMOOT. Before that is done I should lik.e to have a little more information.

Mr. NORUIS. 1\Iay I make a suggestion in regard to the · pariinment!U'y situation? The Secretary read it all as one amendment. As a matter of fact. there are two amendments, and it was so con idere<l in the committee~ I thlnk the Chair stated that it was agreed to.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Chafr was about to an­nounce that the amendment wns agreed to when t11e Senator from North Dakota [Mr. GRONNA T ro~e.

1\Ir. GRONNA- I have no objection to the first amen(lment. I am perfectly willing that the first amendment shall be adopted.

l\lr. GORE. I think that would be better. The PRESIDING OFFICER. \Vithout ob-jection, t'fie amend­

ment will be divided, and the amendment proposing to increase llie appropriation from $250,000 to $500',000 will be agreed to without objection.

Mr. GRONNA. I move to strilH~ out--:Mr. WARREN. Will the Setlator wntt n moment until I

offer an amendment which may meet the poin~ and then t1W Senator can go on with his remarks'?

Mr. GRONNA.. 1 will be gl~td to hear the amendment. The PllESIDIKG OFFICER. It wm be ~tnted: The SECRET.Ar.Y. After the amendment juo;;t agreed to-that

is, after the numerals $500,000-insert the f-Ollowing proviso : Provided, hotoever, That if in carrying out the purpol'le of this

appropriation destruction of tnberculooo animals becomt?S necessary, therQ may be -paid from this appropriation not morf' . thnn one-third the rurt loss to the owner, and In n.o evt·nt $a-ll tbPre b~ paid more than '$20 for any grade or $50 for any pul'e-trred animal so destroyed, or a grPa ter sum than shall be paid b'y tbe cooperat!.ng .State or municipalrty. '

1\lr. WADSWORTH. May the lnst paragraph be read again? This is exceedingly ii:nportant legislation.

The Secretary again read Mr. WARREN's amenrlment. 1\Ir. SMOOT. I should like to ask the ·Senator from Wyoming,

fu·st, ,:.;·hat is the law now in rPiation to paying {ot cattle which may be affected by tuberculosis?

l\lr. WARREN. I do not know of any specific law regarding payments for stock killed on account 'of tuberculosis, but the GoYernment has provided payment for stock kille<l because Of other diseases.

.Mr. SMOOT. Has the Government in the past paid. for U? Mr. WAltREN. The qovernment has in cases of tbe foot­

and-mouth disea. e adopted similar 1egislation a.ntl paid a third to a half of the value of the cattle killed.

:Mr. SMOOT. Has the Government t>Ver paid in the past fo'r tubercular cattle that may be killed upon the o1·der of the. ffi>v· ernment?

Mr. WARREN. I think so. The States themselVes have usu­ally provided a part, as this amendment proposes, the Govern­ment paying the expenses and some proportion of the value ot the animals kil1e<l.

Mr. SMOOT. Then this is impoRing an· additional bnrden upon the Government of the Unite<l States.

Mr.· WARREN. The facts are as follows: We want to ap­propriate money to arrest and stamp out tuberculosis wherevel' it may be. This mainly is for the reaetiGuists, for those that have had the tuberculin test applied and have reacted. w·e provide in another amendment which the department has asked for, anu which the Senator from North Dakota may move to strike out, that these cattle caQ be shi'!)ped across StatE.> lines, which they can not do under the present law, provide<l they are con igued for immerlinte slaughter. For lnstan<."e, Utah or Wyo­ming may ship to the market nt Omaha. if it is for slaughter.

The destruction of tuberculrn-tis which would be taken care of by the Government is in isolated cases. For in~t'anee, in a dair'y where it is discovered that there may be only one or two ani­mals tllat are past the point wherE> they cnn be shipped for meat slaughter, tho~e one or two or more can be lmme<liately destroyed, and the Government will pay its· part of it, ene-third of the vnlue.

Mr. Sl\fOOT. In the past the Stat~ has always paid for cattle killed within the State?

1\lr. 'VAllRE...~. No; they have not always done so. 1\lr. SMOOT. I mean 1t was supposed they would. 1\Ir. W AnnEN. Some of the States have }3ruvided fully nnd

' some have not. 1\lr. GOHE. -This is not to be available in nny State wbe~·e

the local authorities may make any provision for tt. .

2966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE. .1\IAROH 4,

Mr. WADSWORTH. There is no such proyision in tl1e-amend­ment.

Mr. GORE. It sars it shall not exceed the amount paid by the local authorities.

Mr. WADS WORTH. That does not prevent their paying. Mr. GORE. If they pay nothing, then the Government pays

nothing. · Mr. WARREN. This is not a matter that I care to impress

unduly upon the Senate. If under this appropriation we lea\e it to the Government and we meet the losses of this kind, of course we can still perhaps take care of it in the western cou'ntry as they ha\e done in some parts of the East. The trouble with tuberculosis is mainly in the dairies. I think myself the amendment is one that will cost the Government a very trifling sum, but it does insure a sum on which they can immediately act in case tuberculosis is discoYerecl in a Yery advanced stage. . Mr. SMOOT. I do not believe we ought to pass legislation

now imposing on the Government of the United States an ex­pen e that they have never ret assumed. It seems to me it should be paid by the State itself. If this amendment is adopted, I think the result will be that wherever there is a tubercular animal, I care not in what State it may be, · the Government of the United States will have to pay at least $20 if a common cow or calf or steer, but if it is an improved animal the Govern­ment will have to pay not to -exceed $50.

l\1r. WARREN. It is much the -same as in the case of the foot-and-mouth disease, no more and no less.

Mr. GORE. I think the Senator from Wyoming is mistaken about that. I think the foot-and-mouth diseases proceeded on the "fifty-fifty" ratio.

1\lr. WARREN. It is the same system; but the Government was more liberal than in this proposal. .

Mr. GORE. This contemplates that the State or municipality will meet one-Wrd of the loss, the Federal Government one­third of the .loss, and the individual owner of the stock slaugh­tered will sustain one-third of the loss, and as an additional limitation in no case shall it exceed $20 for grade or $50 for a pure-bred animal. I · call the attention· of the Senator from Utah to the further fact that it does not relate to the amount of appropriation at all.

Mr. SMOOT. Of course, it does not relate to the amount of nppropriation, but it- \Yill ha\e to be paid by the Government of the United State , no matter what it amounts to.

Mr. GORE . .And none will be paid in States where no provi­sion is made to meet any part of the expenses.

Mr. WARREN. Under the regulation of the Agriculture Department it ne\er has been pa.id except where the States share

. the loss. , Mr. WADSWORTH. May I ask the Senator from Oklahoma

if he understands that the Federal Government to-day is au­thorized to kill tuberculous cattle without the consent of the owner?

Mr. GORE. I am not able to answer the question. Mr. WADSWORTH. I think not. Mr. GORE. I think not, myself. Mr. WADSWORTH. They may do it with the consent of the

owners or they may invoke the law of the State in which they are cooperating where the State law may authorize the State to kill the animal, not the Fe<leral Government.

Mr. GORE. I think the Federal statute relates to interstate shipments. .

Mr. WADS WORTH. The point I am endeavoring to bring out is that the Federal Government, not being clothed with the power to do as it pleases, i ret compelled by this suggestion to pay the money for what omebody else desires to ha\e done. . Mr. WARREN. .Except th~t the State pays its share, of course.

Mr. WADSWORTH. I am not entirely certain about the last clause of the proyiso.

Mr. WARREN. IE the amendment does not co\er that, I desire that it shall do so.

. . l\Ir. w_t\.DSWORTH. I would like the Secretary to read it again. This· is a \ery important question. ·

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment submitted by the Sei1ator from 'Vyoming will be again read.

Tbe Secretary read as follows: · Pro;vided, howerer, That if in carrying out the purpose of this appro­priation destruction of tuberculous animals becomes necessary . there may be paill from this appropriation not more tban one-tbircl tbP net loss to the owner and in no event shall there be paid more than $20 for any grade or $50 for any pure-bred animal so llestroyed, or a greater sum than shall be paid by the cooperating State or municipality.

Mr. 'V ADSWORTH. The amendment forbids the payment of a sum greater than that paid by the cooperating State. Now, the State of New .York pays for animals killed on the order of

the State department of agriculture. l\Iy recollection is that they can pay as high as $100 for a registered dairy cow.

l\Ir. WARREN. Under the State law. Mr. WADSWORTH. And under this amendment the Federal

Government may pay another $50. There is no question about it. Is not that the understanding of the Senator from Oklahoma?

l\fr. GORE. Mr. President, I feel sure that no practice of that sort would prevail under this provision. I take ·it that it would be administered a good deal like the taking and slaughter­ing under the foot-and-mouth disease appropriation.

l\Ir. WADS WORTH. As I recollect that appropriation there was a specific provision that there should be a definite amount paid.

Mr. GORE. No; I think not, but that was the practice \Yhich prevailed.

l\Ir. WADSWORTH. At least the Federal GoYernment hacl a right to kill the animal on its own motion .

l\fr. GORE. No; I do not think so. l\1r. WADSWORTH. This legislation does not give the Feu­

era! Government that right? l\Ir. GORE. I do not think t11at ga\e the Federal Govern­

ment the right to slaughter thP. animals. In fact I do not think that this could.

l\1r. WADSWORTH. Under what :~uthority dld they slaughter them?

l\fr. GORE. I think this is essential to the eradication of tuberculosis among animals. The reason it has persisted so long is. the fact that the Federal Government has not had power to make this arrangement. It is the opinion of experts that this would arrest the progress of the disease and I think at pre~ent we ought to be more generous nnll more insi tent that tbe disease be eradicated.

I send to the desk and ask to have read n telegram from the president of the Live Stock Exchange of Chlcago which illus­trates the importance of the subject by those more familiar with it. It is believed that legislation of this sort is necessary for the eradication of the disease itself.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from Oklahoma desires to have the telegram read? ·

Mr. GORE. Yes, sir. TJ1e PRESIDING OFFICER. The Secretary will read it. The Secretary read as follows :

UXIO~ S TOCK YARDS, ILL., F ebruary 16, 1918. Senator THO~As P. GORE,

Senate Offioe Building, Washingt on, D. 0.: Wire received. Records of Government meat in. pection show that

out of total of 40,000,000 hogs slaughtered under Federal inspection in the United States last year 10 per cent were found afl'ectetl with tuber­culosis. It comes from infecteu C!lttle, either through milk or dropping. Losses from tuberculosis more than all other disea s combined, approxi­mately $30,000,000 annually. Enormous waste of meat condemuell a inedible. Urge appropriation of $1,0001000 so Department of Agricul­ture can indemnify owners of cattle which react to tuberculosis te t in those States which will cooperate by appropriating additional fun1l s. Tuberculosis among cattle in the District of Columbia redu ced from 1 . 11er cent to less than 1 per cent by tuberculosis t es ting anu paymPnt of indemnity by Depa1·tment of Agriculture. Similar results can be bad in all States, and the general feeling among stockmen and legi Iators of these Middle West States is that the States will make liberal appl·opria­tions if Congress will take the initiative in providing indemnity. Tuber ­<:ulosis is our bigge t conservation problem. di couraging increa ed pro­duction of meat and milk. Tuberculin testing of cattle and partial in­demnity to owners of r eacting cattle slaughtered is only way by which rapid progress can be made in eradicating thi disease. Our committee will come to Wa shington if needed.

CHICAGO LIVE STOCK ExCHAXGE, By EVERETT C. BROWN, Pt·csidellt.

l\Ir. 'VADSWORTH. Mr. President, I am not out of ~ympathy with the object of this amendment and not in the lighte t de­gree with the object of this legislation generally. I have seen the ra\age of tuberculo is among dairy cattle in the State of New York. That State embarke<l seYeral year ago on the problem of eradicating it. It has e tablishert !1. thoi'ough s:r tern of compensation for the cattle that are killed on the order of the inspectors of the State department of agriculture.

l\Iy contention is with respect to the amendment offered by the Senator from Wyoming, that while it seeks to place a limit which the Feueral . Government shall pay from its Treasury for the destruction of grade cattle and registered cattle, it <loes not . attempt to place any limit upon that payment when combined with the payment made by the State. The clo ing sentence of the amendment of the Senator from 'Vyoming recites that the Federal Government shall not pay a sum greater than the sum paid by the cooperating State. ·

1\Ir. GORE. That point ought to be met, and I would 'be glad if the Senator would offer an amendment.

Mr. WARREN. The amendment ha been offered on the assumption that no States were paying in full; and I know of none except New York, and that New York i c1oing it I am yery glad. I congratulate the Senator upon his State ba\ing

1918. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE. 2967 . ta'ken it UlJ so thoroughly, but is he aware of any other State thnt has ·the :same law and pays in full? .

!\1r. WADSWOitTH. I am not posith•e, but I think .1\lassa­chusetts pays liberally and I think Pennsylvania pa~rs liberally.

Mr. GOUE. That point can be easily met if the Senator thinks there woulu be an overpayment by the Federal -Govern­ment.

Mr. GALLINGER. I will state to the Senator from 'Wyoming that I am quite •sure the State of New Hampshire does pay a portion. I think 40 per cent. of the va'lue of the stock.

l\ir. WARHEN. Without regard to the United States •Gov­ernment?

Mr. GALLINGER. Without regard to the United States Gov· ernment. I think that the point that the Senator from New York [Mr. WADSWORTH] has made is a very good one, and it ought to he :guardeu against so that the payments may not be duplicated.

::\[r. ·wARREN. I agree anrl ·'I have no objection whatever to that; but the telegrams and letters· which I han> had from great cattle State~. like Iowa and other similnr States • ..have sought :to bring about an amendment whereby the State would pay a "third, the owner stand for a third, UO!) the 'United 'Stutes pny a third. I should be glad to have the amendment so framPd that it may cover und protect the Stntes generally, if the Senator lmows \Vhnt States should be covered. ·

1\Ir. WADSWORTH. 1\1r. PreRident, it Ls rather difficult to introduce or to suggest an appropriate amendment.

Mr. :wARREN. .I ~uggest that the matter go into conference, where It can be properly shaped.

Ir. GORE. I ~ugg~st that the amendment be passed over for the pre~ent. If the Senator from New York del'lires thnt tht> amendment 'be framed on the theory ·thnt nne-third of the totnl "loss shall be devolved on the owner of the f.;tO<'k. of coul'l'e lt .woul<l be ·well enough to safeguard the pos~ibiJity of making excessive payments. It seems to me there should he a pr.oviso that in any case the payment ~hould he by the Federal Gov­rernment. ·e-xcept one-third of the actual lo~s. anrl that In no •caRe shouhl •the ag::rregllte pnyment made exceed the Joss.

1\Ir. WARREN. Let me ask the ·chairman of the committee a . question: Would lt not be better to let the matter be votPd on an(l go into the hill, if it ran be so order·eu. an(l then take ·the ·subject before it goes to c~nference and provide against whnt the Senator from New York has broul{ht to our attention?

1\lr. GORE. I suggeRt that the amendment be passed over, ana that th~ Senlltor from Ne-w York offer his amendment-when the bill comes Into the Senate.

··Mr. GALLINGER "1\lt·. Pr·e lrlent, 'I think the wiser com~ is to pass the mattet· over for the present and let those of us who want to lool{ Into it have an opportunity to do so.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The pres:E>nt orller, the Chair 11nderstands. is ·that the Senate is first conc:;irlering committee amendments. This is not a committee amendment, and ·the regular ·Order is t~ first dispose of ·committee amendments.

1\Ir. GORE. Then I ask that ·this amendment be passed over for the present.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without obJection, the amend­ment will be passed over. The Senate will proceed with the com;ideration of committee amendments. The next committee amendment will he stated.

The next ·amendment of the Committee on Am-iculture nod Fore~try was, on pn,!!e 13. line 19, after the word "nuthoritie!;," to strike out "$250,000" and to insert A• $500.000: Prodded, That hereafter •the act approved May 29, lB&l (23 ·stat. L., p. 31 ), be, anrl the same i~ ·hereby, amen(led to permit cattle which have reacted to the tuberculin test to be shipped. trans­ported, or moved from one ·State. Territory, or the District of

-Columbia to any · other State. Territory, or the District of Co­•lnmbia for immedinte slan~hter, in accordance with rule!.'l and regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture," so as to mnke the clause read :

For Investigating the disease of tuberculosis of animals, for its con­trol and erHdicntlon, for the tuberculin testing of animals, and for researches concerning the cnuse of the dlst>n!';e. Its modes of sprea.tl, and methorl of treatment. and prevention. ln<'luding demonstrationS. the ·formation of organization!'>. and ~;uch other me:10~ as may be DP<'es­r.aJ•y, either indepenc!ently or in <'ooperation with farmers, assoMatlons. State or countv autborftiP!>. $500.000: Provided, Tbnt hPI'Pafb'r the act npprovPd May 29. 1884 (23 Rtat. L .. p. 31). he. and tbe same is hereby, amendt>d to permit cattle which have ·reactl:'d to the tnber<'nlln test to hP sblppNJ, tJ·an~portPd, or movt>d from one Htate, Territory,

~~"~h~r ~~Fu~t,t~r r; .. o~~~~a~:fe ~~~u:~~~ ~:;~o;:i:~1ct~IJi~rr~:S ~d regulations prescribed by tbe Secr~tary of Agriculture.

1\!r. GRONNA. 1\Ir·. President. as I unde!·stnnd.. the chair­. man of the committee has no objection to striking out 'the words "for immediate slaughter."

Mr. GORE. I have no objection to that. I :r:nther think ft ought to be done.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the 'Senator from North Dakota make 'fl:at motion?

Mr. GRONNA. At the top of ·pap:e 14, line 1. in ·tlre <·ommtttee amendment, 1 move to strikl:' out ·the words "' for immediate slaughter."

Mr. SMOOT. ·Mr. 'Presfrlent, I want "to aslt ·the RPnator hav­ing the bill in charge if cattle which have renC'te<l to the tubercu­lin te!;t are sound cattle in ev~ry resnP<'t. nnrl whf'thPr o1· not they could be used as milch cows with safety .to the .Public health?

1\fr. ·OORE. Mr. President, 'I wouUl say that about SO per cent of the reactor~ are used as human .food.

1\Jr. NORRIS. But not for milk? Mr. GORE. Not for milk, I think. '1\lr. SMOOT. That was my que::;tion. They ure never 11sed

for milk purposes, ar·e they? 1\!r. GORE. I would not want to give ·a categorical answer

to that que.~tion. l\1r. SMOOT. But generally they are not .so used-? 'l-1r. GORE. No; l think not. l\1r. SMOOT. I have under~ood that such Ul'le would be un­

safe. 1\lr. Presi<;lent. if we strike out the worrl~ "i'or Immediate slaughter," then there. will be nothing in 'the biiJ tu .pren•nt such tuhercular cattle ·from being shipped into any .part of the United States.

Mr. GORE. The Sf'nator wm observe 'that ·the 1an::mage used is "in accordance with mles and regulations pteS<'ribe<l by .the ·Secretary of Agrkulture."

1\lr. SMOOT. But that .upplies only to shipments. Mr. GORE. Yes. sir. .

. 1\lr. SMOOT. And the Secretary of Agriculture may say tlJat such cattle should be shippetl In a car by themselves: he may say that they can only he shipped upon rertnin trnin~ running on certain days in the ·wePk. "ffild Ro forth : but there iR nothing to .Prevent such cattle being shipped into any State In .the Union where they may be sold to any person ant1 used .by any pet~on for milk purposes. ·

Mr. GORE. I would say as to the 'history o·f :thi~ amendment that it was prepared by ·the Depar·tmPnt nf i\..griC'UiturE> · and sent to the Senate Committee ·On Agriculture and Forestry. It ·has, I think, the approvn I of the stock-breeding aAAOCia.tions of the country. As the amendment was prepared afid sent to me it did not contain the words " ·for immedhrte ~laughter," but when the committee came to cons;, er it tlle.\· (lecided to inRert those ·words out of an abundance of caution and .in anticipation of such results as thP Senator .indiNttes. The DepaTtment of Agriculture. howeve::-. expres..<:~etl the opinion that the words ought not .to be im;erted, for this reason.: As I have said. 80 per cent of ·thefile <'attle are stfll :av.ailable .for 'human food. . It is sugge~ted-Hnrl it seems 'to .be a very forcible suggestion-that if .the words " for immediate slaugh­ter" are retained fn the amendment, then the situation will be turned over ·to the packers, Hnd .they can probably dictate and control the price, becauRe the ·cattle ean not be held b.y the feeders for any length of time but wm11d hnve to .be ·8old immediately. It would, therefore. subject the owners of cnttle to further control and combination on the part of .the packing houses.

Ur. SMOOT . .. 1\Ir. President. l . believe that the owner o"f a tubercular cow ought to keep that ·cow until it is .to be sold for slaughter. I do not think such cows shoulll he ~old indis. criminately to anybody anywhere in the United States.

Mr. GORE. This does not affect that ·sltuntion nt all. It does not affect .the availability of these cattle for slau~hter at all. The illustration used by the department as tl1ey look upon this subject is that. for instance in the State of Iowa, cattle. jm;t across the Missouri River from Omnha may be in this position : They could not be shipped 1 ·mlle to a packing house in Omaha but they must he Rhipped to Des ·Maines or to some other point in Iowa for slaughter.

Now, as to the availability of cattle for slaughter, this pro· vision makes no difference '"hatever. It simply provides 't1lat in that sort .of case the owner of cattle could ship .to Omaha and not be subjected to the loss which would . result from paying freight .for a longer shipment.

Mr. SMOOT. But, 1\lr. Presid.eut, l am not trying to ·inter­fere at all with .the shipment .of these cattle from one Stale to another. '

Mr~ GORE. But that is all tbiF: provision propoRes to do. . 1\!'r. Sl\IOOT. No; but I .do thinl~. if ~-;ucn cattle nre to be

shlpped from one State to 11nothe1·, they ou.!!ht to he shipped for immediate ·slaughter; and if not shipped for immeclinre slaughter, then a cow could be shipped from one State t o :an­other and from that .State to another and · sotd to · nu •innocent purcbaser,· he never knowing at an that she .hnd been ·diseased

2968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE. l\fARCH 4,

in nuy way, and she might be innocently used for the purpose this appropriation? There appears to be u very specific amount of producing milk for the family of such a person. named in the bill as it came from the Hou e. It i $620,420,

Mr. GORE. Mr. President, if there is any objection to that, I and it is proposed by the Senate committee to make the n,mount will say that a similar situation now prevails in Texas, which an even $750,000. is larger than either France or Germany. Such cattle are now l\Ir. GORE. I will say that there has not been a specific shit)ped from one point to another, and not for immediate recommendation upon this subject. slaughter. l\Ir. GALLINGER. Then I either want the amendment p!ls e\'1.

l\Ir. SMOOT. But Texas is the only State in the Union as over or I will make a point of order that it makes an increased to which that is true. appropriation which has not been recommended. On second

Mr. GOREJ. That is true as to any State in the Union, so far thought, however, the amendment having been reported by tho as the Federal Government is concerned. Take Iowa. Cows committee, perhaps a point of order will not lie. may be shipped from the neighborhood of Des, Moines to the Mr. GORE. I think that would save the point of order. If northeastern part of Iowa. This simply sa-ves the o\vners of the Senator desires, I have no objection to the amendment go­stock the loss resulting from long shipments. They do not have ing over; but I do not think it would be subject to a point or to ship them now from point to point in the State for "imme-. order. d iate slaughter." l\fr. GALLINGER. I think it had better go over. This is a

l\fr. SMOOT. Yes; but that is within the State, and this pretty large appropriation, and it is one of the appropriations provision widens the scope so that they may be shipped all over we are constantly increasing year by year. Whether this trou­the United States. _ ble, or whatever it may be called, is becoming more and more

Mr. NORRIS. l\Ir. President, may I interrupt the Senator? serious, I do not know. . The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Utah l\Ir. GORE. l\Ir. Pre ident, I will say that the work of the

yield to the Senator from Nebraska? Federal Government is entirely in conjunction with that of the Mr. SMOOT. Certainly. States and local authorities. 1\fr. NORRIS. 1\fr~ President, I have a good deal of sympathy 1\.Ir. GALLINGER. Certainly.

with the argument the Senator is making, and it seems to me l\Ir. GORE. They are required to put up dollar for dollar. there is something in it. At the same time I can see that it The record of the results obtained, I tnink, is remarkable. might be a hardship to require immediate slaughter. As the l\Ir. GALLINGER. So tlJat if we hould allow the appropria­chairman of the committee has said, it would force a man to tion to stand as it come from the House, there will be over sell immediately and would place him, perhaps, at the mercy $800,000 ~lVallable for the work of eradicating the cattle tick. of the packing interests, when it might be desirable for him to 1\fr. Sl\lOOT. The amount would be over a million dollars. hold the cattle for a few days, to feed them, or something of that 1\lr. GALLINGER. Yes; the amount will be over a million kind. dollars. I was thinking the amount appropriated by the Hous'

I should like to have the attention of the Senator from North was $420,000, but it is over $620,000, and if the State and local Dakota to the suggestion I am about to make, as be has made authorities contribute an equal amount, the total will be nearly the motion to strike out. Would not the result be accomplished, $1,300,000. and would it not meet all the requirements of the situation if, l\lr. GORE. Yes, sir. instead of of striking out the words "for immediate slaughter," Mr. S~liTH of Georgia. 1\lr. President, I should like to say we should strike out the word "immediate." Then it would to the Senator from New Hampshire that they are just grad­permit the shipment for slaughter and would obviate the objec- ually uriving the tick toward the ocean. A large section of tion the Senator from Utah [Mr. S:uooT] makes, that diseased territory has been freed .from the presence of the tick. By the cattle might be shipped in· interstate commerce and the milk pro- system employed of dipping in vats and washing cattle with the duced J:>y them then be used. character of chemicals neces ary, the tick is being gradually

l\Ir. GRONNA. l\fr. President-- eradicated, and as the process goes on the tick will be entirely Mr. NORRIS. 1\fr. President, if I may be permitted .to go on eradicated in time.

for just a moment. The adoption of the amendment I have l\Ir. GORE. The record of the progres of thi work has been suggested would permit the department to make regulation by most remarkable. wh ich the shipper of the stock would not be required to offer his Mr. GALLINGER. They may dri\-e the tick into the ocean, stock for immediate sale, but it would not permit the shipment I presume. of the stock if the milk of the animal was to be used. Would Mr. GORE. We all hope so. not that meet the entire situation? l\Ir. SMITH of Georgia. It should be driven into the ocean.

Mr. GRONNA. No, 1\Ir. President; that would not meet the Mr. GALLINGER. As was done in the case of a certain other entire situation; but I am perfectly willing for the pre ent to plague in the Scripture . withdraw my amendment, and I shall take it up again later on. 1\Tr. GORE. I am quite sure nobody would rejoice mote than

1\lr. NORRIS. If the Senator withdraws his amendment, I the Senator from New Hampshire if the work were ucces fully desire to make a motion to sh·ike out tht:! word" immediate." completed. It has been a most remarkable record. We have

1\Ir. SMOOT. 1\Ir. President, so far u.s the motion of the Sen- rescued 379,000 square miles from the domination of the tick. ator from Nebraska is concerned, its adoption will obviate the There still remi\.in, hoTI"ever, 349,000 square mile subject to its objection which I have, and I shall then be perfectly willing ravages. Seventy thousand square miles were . re cued last that the amendment be agreed to. year. The department says that it is really a matter of avail-

1\fr. NORRIS. I think that it would accomplish all the other able funds and that they can expand their organ~zation to the su,~rgestion seeks to accomplish. limit imply by the cooperation of the local authorities.

TJ1e PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator from North Da- 1\Ir. GALLINGER. If I may ask the Senatoi· a question, the kota [Mr. GRONNA] withdraws his amendment and the Senator department I apprehend recognized that the amount that is now from Nebraska offers an amendment to strike out the \YOrd in the bill as it came from the House was sufficient, and they "immediate." The Secretary ·will state the amendment to the did not ask to be given any larger amount? -amendment. Mr. GORE. Yes: Of course the department has to balance

The SECRETARY. On page 14, line 1, before the word " laugh- the e various -appropriations for various purpose~ . The com­ter," it is propo ed to amend ~e committee amen~ment by_ mittee, however, realized the importance of this work, and the striking out the word "immediate." fact that it was merely a matter of time and money, there being

1\Ir. GRONNA. I prefer, rather than to have that word no doubt that the tick can be entirely eradicated from the stricken out, that the amendment go over. United States, and we thought that under exi tiug circum­, 1\fl-. NORRIS. I haye no objection to that; that is perfectly s tances it was a matter of "\\isdom anil of conservation to in-satisfactory to me. erease this appropriation in order to facilitate thi \vork.

Mr. SMOOT. Let the amendment go over, then. It is a mutter serviceable to all ections of the country. The DRESIDENT pro tempore. Witl1out objection, the Breeders are shipped from the North into the South, and when

amendment will be pas ed over. The next amendment reported the territory is rid of these ticks feeders are hipped from the by the committee will be stated. rescued territory in the South to part of the North for feed-

The next amendment of the Committee on Agriculture and ing. It is of double service; and no argument again t it can Forestry wa , on page 14, line 4, after the words "cattle ticks," be made, except the one of general economy; but it seems to to strike out "$620,420" and insert "$750,000," so as to Teacl: me that it would be very short-sighted economy in this situation

· For nll necessary expenses for the eradication of southern cattle to withhold an appropriation of tl1i character, simply tolerat­. ticks, $750,000, of which sum ~ 50,000 may L>e used for live stock and ing the tick, ratller than getting rid of it, and realizing the bt>ne-

dairy demonstration work, in cooperation with the .States Relations fits th"t may come front its eradication, beca-use whereYer t er-Service, and of tl,i ;; amount no part shall be used in the purchase of .... animals . ritory is rescued there h; a gTeat stimulus to cattle breelllng.

l\fr. GALLINGER. 1\fr. President, I will ask the chairman of I nmy say that the State of 1\ii ·is. ippi i now entirely out from the committee if there is a recommendation for an increase of . under quarantine.

1918. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 2969 l\lr. GALLINGER. Will the Senator kindly state what ter­

ritoJ·y is still infected? 1\fr. GORE. I think that parts of Florida, Georgia, South

Carolina, Louisiana, and Texas are still infected. l\lr. GALLINGER. I am not going to be factious about this

at alJ, but the point is that the extent of the infected territory is le sening, while the appropriation grows larger year by year.

l\lr. GORE. That is true; it is merely a matter of speed; that is alL

l\lr. SMITH of South Carolina. l\lr. President, if the Senator 'Yill allow me in this connection, I want to call the attention of the Senator from New Hampshire to the fact that there is a good deal of skepticism in the efficacy of and opposition to the work of cattle dipping and employing vats for th.at purpose. Four years ago, however, officers came to my · farm, which was infected with the Texas fever tick, and began their operations, and in two years they had my entire place freed from the tick.

The peculiar biology of this little insect is that he does not go over a space of 2 feet. 'Vhen the tick that propagates the little tick drops from the cattle, it th'en propagates millions of the species. They are yery small insects, called " seed ticks," and the cattle in moving over them pick them up by coming in contact with the little twigs or whateYer the little colonies of ticks may cling to. If they can be kept from propagating on a giwn piece of ground for one year, that piece of ground will be entirely immune, provided a tick infested cow or animal is not allowed to come on that land any more. Now, when you get rid of them it is permanent. The reason why w-e ha"\"'e sug­gested tllis larger amount wa.s that since "·e ha' e the force educated and know the territory, in place of spreading it out o"\"'er these years, in a short time we can eradicate the pest from the whole tick-infested region of this country, and there will not be any danger of reinfection. · l\ir. GALLINGER. Yes; but upon the theory of the Senator from South Carolina we ought to make tllis appropriation fivo or ten million, so as to try to clean up the job in one year;

Mr. SMITH of Georgia. If we had the force ready to do it, I would be in favor of making it five million to finish it.

1\Ir. GORE. By all means. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Chair must suggest that

Senators address the Chair, because otherwise the Chail· can not tell whom to recognize. ·

l\1r. FLETCHER. Mr. President, ·may I interrupt the Sen­ator a moment?

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from New Hampshire has the floor. The Senator f-rom North Dakota has requested a number of- times the privilege of- interrupting.

l\.Ir. GALLINGER. I yield to the Senator from North Dakota. l\Ir. GRONNA. Mr. President, the Senator from South Caro­

Hna und the Senator from Oklahoma have really explained ·.what I was going to explain to the Senator from New Hampshire. I want to say that the committee was con"\"'inCed that it was in the interest of economy to appropriate a larger amount, and I am quite sure that this money can be expended with splendid success. The ·Agricultural Department have done most wonder­ful work in the eradication of ticks, and as long as they ha\e the·force to do the work I believe we ought to be liberal in the appropriation for this purpose. -

l\lr. FLETCHER. l\Ir. President--1\.Ir. GALLINGER. I yield to the Senator from Florida. I

am seeking light on this important subject. l\Ir. FLETCHER. I do not know that I can be of any assist­

ance. but perhaps I can in this way-that I know that this plan is successfully operating in Florida. At first there ''"as a dis­position to resist interference by the Federal Government, and a great many of the cattle growers were disposed to say, "We do not like to have our business interfered with at all ; we propose to handle this thing ourselves.~ · But it has been so thoroughly demonstrated to the people of the State that the plan is abso­lutely successful-there is no t)leory about it; th~re is no guess about it at all; they clean up the tick wherever they dip the cattle-that now the people have become thoroughly sympa­tlletic with it and are ·cooperating with the Federal Govern­ment, and the tick is being absolutely eliminated from portions of the State wherever they are putting it in practice, and they are doing it rapidly.

For instance, they have demonstrated it at the country fairs, and now at the State fair at Jacksonville. They have a vat there, and they actually bring in the cattle and put them through this <lipping process. The people are shown the 1;esults, and, as I say, there is no longer objection to it on the part of the people, anu there is not any question at all about its effect. So th r. t it is just a question of spending enough money to carry on the work as l'npitlly ns the depnrtment can carry it on, be­cause ·n9 one ''"ill deny that i t is a splemlid work, and the effect

-.

of it is to increase very greatly not only the size of the cattle bnt the cattle industry itself.

I hope the Senator will not object to this amendment, because whereas a few years ago they might h_ave not been able to utilize as much of an appropriation as they can utilize. now, there is not any doubt but that their forces are thoroughly organized, the plant is thoroughly demonstrated to be a success, -and the people are cooperating. It is just a question of pushing it on to completion; that is all. . .

l\Ir. RANSDELL. Mr. President, will the Senator yield to me?

l\fr. GALLINGER. I yield to the Senator from Loui ian.a. l\fr. RANSDELL. j\lr. President, I should like to remind the

Senator of a little piece of history in connection with the fi1·st legislation on this subject. It became a law in June, 1906. l\1r. Wilson was then Secretary of Agricultm;e. He had studied this subject \ery carefnlly, and I remember an addre s he made before the Committee on Agriculture of the House. He said at that time that if Congress would give him enough money be would Yery speedily drive the cattle tick into the Gulf of Mex­ico; that .it would take a considerable amount of money; that the cattle tick was at that time costing the Government nation­ally between se"\"'enty-five and one hundred million dollars e"\"'ery year. It is a very expensive proposition to the Nation to allow the cattle tick to go ahead with its ravages.

That was nearly 12 years ago. As stated by the Senato~; from Oklahoma [Mr. GonE], the tick has been eradicated from a very large portion of the South; but it still exists in many portions, and it is quite a difficult problem. I raise a few cattle myself, and I know that on my plantation for ~he past three years we have been religiously dipping the cattle and doing om· utmost to eradicate the ticks; but, unfortunately, that is a largely wooded area. Only a small percentage of the land in my por­tion of Louisiana is cultivated, and it is thought that these ticks get on the deer and other wild animals. At any rate, we have not been able to entirely free East Carroll Parish, where I live, from the tick, in spite of the fact that we have done every­thing that was humanly possible for three years~ The people in the adjoining parish did not make the same attempts that we did. They did not have the dipping vats and they dld not try to eradicate the tick, and the cattle would move from one place to the other in this big, continuous forest; but at the last ses­sion of the legislature in Louisiana stringent laws were passed making it obligatory on every community to eradicate the ticks.

I will say that the dipping vats are constructed by the local communities. The Government does not contribute for that pm·pose. It is done locally, and the people are most enthusi­astic anu earnest in their endeavors and their determination to get rid of the tick. As one result in my community, let me say that some cotton plantations there which could not make any­thing at all in cotton have gone into cattle raising. There is one plantation near me where there are 3,500 head of cattle which ha"\"'e been brought in from the north and west. The gaod var.ieties of cattle have been bought, as I understand, largely in Missouri, and I have no doubt they have come in from Iowa and other parts of the West. Hundreds of fine bulls were brought into that community and the people are beginning to increase the grade ot their stock there "\"'ery much. Formerly if you would bring in these fine animals they would die with the Texas fever, and there was no inducement to bring them in; the loss was too great. Now we are protecting our animals and we are increasing the grade very, \ery rapidly, with the result that I think there is a strong hope of increasing the national supply of livestock from the Sout4 so much as to give us cheaper meat; and that certainly is something in which we are all very much interested.

I know that in my State every e.ffort is being made to eradicate these ticks. I know it is said. that in Mississippi the people have been successful," and Mississippi is practically free from the tick. The papers last fall stated that they were having a big celebra­tion in l\Ii sissippi of the complete eradication of the cattle tick from that State. I understand that the whole State was to come out from under the cattle-tick quarantine on the 1st of January, and they are raising many fine cattle there. It is certainly a matter of the greatest national importance, und I hope the Sena­tor will not insist on his motion to strike out this amendment.

Mr. GALLINGER. Mr. President, I have not made any mo­tion. I am not going to make any motion. I have been seeking light. and I have received some light and some darknes.:;; as a . result. The suggestion that we are going to have cheaper meat is so often made that it has failed to produce much impressioiJo on my mind. I think it is a delusion and a snare.

Mr. RANSDELL. I will say to the Senator that we will probably have more. Whether it will be any cheaper or not r can not say.

2970 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN1~TE. MARCH 4,

.1r. GALLINGER. It is the cheapness to which I am ad­dressing my elf. My Impression is that the more we get the higher· the price will be.

But however that may be. l\!r. President, I am not opposing this amendment. I was asking some qu~,.tions about tt. I am -eo deeply impTessetl with the feeling-nn<l perhaps I ought not to be, because I belong to the minority of this body, aml the responsibility of making the appropriations is upon the other side of tlw Chamber-! am so dE*ply irupres ed with the feeling that we are going recklessly along, uppropriating the money of the taxpayers of the country, that I had hoped there would be some effort at economy at some point in our proceedings.

I have just come from a committee that considered a bill that carne ovm· from the House. The committee ·added only $73,-000,000 to it in addition to what the House appropriated. I pre­sume it ls necessary, and I am not going to criticize the addi­thms that wer·e matle to that bill, although there was il time when it would hnve startled every one of us and would have startled the country, and there would bnve been a pro est against It that would have been heard around the world. But now it does not aiRturb us at all to add llalf a mlllion or a mil­lion dollar., or $10,000.000 for that matter, to any bill that we may have under consideration.

Mr. RANSDELL. Mr. President, wil1 the Senator permit a sug~estfon? .

Mr. GALLINGER. Certainly. Mr. RANRDELL. We added only $1,115.160 to tlm Rouse

ngricultur11l bill. .1\Ir. GALLI~GER. Wen; I ~now; but $1,000.000 used to

trouble us somewhat. It does not now, beCilu. e we are dealing in billions nowactays~ anct I have ob. erved this in connection :vitl1 the Agricultural appropriation bill: We put an item ln the bill to cure some evil connected with the live stocl{ of the country, .and the next yP.ar it is IncrenRed, and the next it is 1'urthe· increased, and it goes along until we lose all interest in · it and pay no 11ttention to lt. I just thought that It might be well for us to look at this a few minutes, and set> whether lt Is absolutely essential that this added appropriation sbould be lila de.

The Agricultural DE"-p11rtment ls very apt to suggest n sum largE> 'llough to meet emen~encies, and they recommended certainly

not more tban the sum that was in the bm as it came from the Bouse of Representatives. and without any sugg~tion from the department the committee think that they had berter add a hundred or a hundred anti twenty-five thousaRd dollars to it. lt is not much. anti there is an emergency existing, so it is said. nnd \\'e are supposed to vote for it without giving it any special consideration.

As far as I am concerned, I am not going to mnke nny fac­·tious o-pposition to this thing. I nm quite willing that it should be voted on at this very moment. I shall vote agaim:;t it, because I nm getting anxious about the Democratic majority in this matter of appropriations. I am afraid that they are going at n rate tbat will b£- very troublesome to them ln the near future. nnd .J want to save them from their own Indiscretions ns far ilS I can. That was the feeling I had when I occupied a good denl of time in ctehnte on a eertaln river and hal'bor bm not long ago; and whlle I have never advertised it to anybody, it was a great gratification to me that the minority did save thirty millions on that bill, and It diti not do any ·harm. If we ~an sa\·e a hundred thousand dolhirs in this bill, I think It will be worth trying for; but I am not going to take up the time of th~ Senate. I am quite ready to vote on the proposition.

Mr. ~Ol\IAS. 1\Ir. President, like the Senator from New Hampshire (Mr. GALLINGER], .I have tried on one or two oc­casions to Hmit the appropriations in the agricultural bill; but the only 'Success-if success it may be called-that has thus far atteutied my efforts has been tbe adoption of every appropriation that I have opposed. Consequently, I have come to the conclusion tl1at the only headway I can make, in view 1>f my past experiences. towarrl re<lucing them ls to advocate the bill, or to suggAst their enlar~t!llleut.

Now, the cow tick ls a very insidious and pernicious little tnse<.>t. It interferes with the growth and prosperity of live stock, and partieularly of cattle. and it should be e::rter_min~ted; but it would eem that we . are not making much benuway in tl1nt direction, or ·that of the various other insects ·so long sheltered under the regis of the agricultural appropriation bill. In(leed, thE" cow ti~k seems to thrive ill; proporti<;>n as our ap­propi'iations to extinguish it increase. lt not on}y holds the trenches all the time, but frequently come over the top; .and wheneYer that occurs we cheerfully increase the npproprtntion, and o. it goe with the others. The increase of cow ticks nn~ th<' incrense ol f nppropri:Hions to l'lcail them off arc much like

Increasing salaries · thnt employees may overcomE" the high cost of living. But the "H. C. of L.'' has better facilities for climbing than the salary enjoys. To keep pace with it is impossible. .

Therefore, this bill hould embrace something more than cow ticks. We should extend the appropriation to enable the department to investigate bedticks as well. Th~ ~re the origin and the lair of a number of very pernicious insects, whose. activities seriously decrease the efficiency of labor; and inasmuch as we can strike at the source of their creation, and possib1y cut them off in their youth, why not make an appr.o­priation not only for the investigation of bedticks as well as cow ticks, but also create a bureau to investigate the anatomy, the physiology, and the habits of the flea, the louse, nnd the nit? [Laughter.] I think it is very important, 1\!r. President, lf we me to develop our economic pro(luctlvity to the highest possible -point of efficiency during the wnr.

Mr. \VADSWORTH. These are war mP.a!4nre&'? Mr. ~01\Li\.S. This Is decidedly a war measure, and I think

I can demonstrate it. 1\lr. President, no mnn can be as efficient when his body ts infe,"'ted with the louse or "'lth the flea as when he ts free from those parasites. They W('rk while he sleeps [1aughter], :md the victim of thelr toil must necessarily scratch whenever the lndu try of the lJaraslt€' becomes t::erious and Irritating; and If accurate time -were kept of ~very such inter­ruption of the activities of the lnrliviflual •t would show that a man so unfortunately infested loses probably SO per cent .of his efficiency .

There is another standpoint from which this subject may be considered. I have said that the~e pe~tiferuus insects never stop their activities. They worl{ all the time anrl overtime; and, as a consequence, the activities of the lndlvtdn:~ l to get rid of them. or at least to miti~ate their dlsagreea1>1e ntten-1:ion, tend to Violate the £-Ight-hcmr law; \Vh€'n n man is bitten by these Jnsects, no mHtter whether he hns \Wlrketi eight hours or not, he mus~ stop to relieve hlmsf'lf of 'Their attt>ntlons; nnd that requires an expencliture of phy~i<'a1 ener~. -So I nm sure that we should . also utilize this blll to work both enrts of the line--the insects which attack crops. and those which attack those who · plant -anfl who reap them. By thnt means, Mr. President, we shall reach the point of complete efficiency. which some departments and bureaus ,,·ould do well 'to imitate. 1 therefore Rug-gPst an Increase of this nppronrlation, with a vlew to doing ever~'thi!lg possible to wfn the w>~.r ~ nnd eertaiuly lf we can add "to the, effieiency of thP farmer hy .relieving him .of these pests and conserving all his time we fJUJ;rht to do it.

Now. the flea ls perhaps the -worst of these pests, because he is superacti\~ anrt nis powers of locomotion are so infinitely out of -proportion to an the other rPpreRenrotives of the insect world that In all probahility If we enulcl provide funds for the study of the Uttle beast we might fliscover some wny of bam­stringing him, and thus. lf we can not t•ld ourselves of him we couhl reduce his llCtivities to the "nth" power. [l~aughter.]

The suggestion 1s well worthy of consideration. Perhaps the flea should deserve our special attent1on at this time if we can not cover them all, for they are tbe mo.~ irritating of all these · 1>ests. Moreover, they feed .other parasites. I think Dean Swift once said:

And little fleas have otbt'r fiens l ' pnn thplr IPgR TO bltn 'rom :

And lesser fleas have other fleas, And t>O ad infinitum.

Th~refore the annihilation of the little flen would nece8sarily annibilate those infinitely microscopie pnrasites which, the poet says, infest the lar~er inRect and is infested In turn by others. So why, Mr. President, sboulu we · make several bites at the cherry? ·

We have the assurance of the distin)tU1shed Senator from Louisiana that the appropriations of this bill have been in­creal'ed In the SenatE" by only ~1.115.150. Whnt are $1,115,000 ben\·een friends? I am surprised hy the committee's excep· tional · conduct. I am reapy ashumed of this meanly modest showing. It Ls completely out of proportion to the magnitude of our other incre.asE>s, to one of which the Senator from New Ttampshire has just rPf€'rre<1: nnd I hnYe no donht be fAPls. as to that increase of 73,000,000, that the committee mnltin2: tt could \Yell say · with Lord Clive that it is astonished nt its own mode'r~ition.

Indeed, 1\J.r. President, in the!':e times nny Sennte increase of less than $100,000.000 is too triflinp. to arrc t our attention; it amounts to notlling. I heard some time ngo that the chairman of one of the House committE"es wns visited hy n cmistituent who had n ·tremendous scheme for relievin~ the Government which' required nn initial expenrtitnre of $100,000:000. The

1918 . . CONGRESSIONAL REOO;RD-. SENATE. 2971-Representative said: "Go ~nd see my secretary; I am dealing · in billions; he will attend to your trifling affair, no d<:mbt. I am too busy with billions to consider it."

~eriously, Mr. President, we have reached and long ago passed the 1imit of appropriations d~sigraed to investigate a~d destroy certain insectiverous parasites which do very seriously interfere with the growth of plants and with the healthy increase of live stock, because we do not seem to get actual results . . Whenever an i tern of this sort, however small and insignificant, is designe<l to meet, study, anu, if possible, remove these little plagues, it becomes a greater -source of legislative concern and is far more deadly to the Treasury of the United States than the pest is to the thing to which it relates.

I think I can sa'y that, without exception, if a solitary pest has been destroyed by these means, if the amount needed . for continuing the sh1dy of its habits1 of chasing it from its lurking places, ·and killing it has eyer been reduced in succeeuing bills l ask the chairman to inform me what particular insect has been so unfortunate?

Mr. GORE. Mr. President, ' I woulu not undertake to enu­merate the insects, but I would instance as an illustration of Go\ernment service of this character the eradication of the foot­and-mouth disease. It took $10,000,000 to do it, but it was cheap at that price. It would not have done at all to permit that worst of all animal maladies to range unbridled through-out the country. .

1\fr. THOMAS. Let met ask the Senator if the foot-and­mouth disease is caused by an insect or parasite?

l\fr. GORE. It is a microbe; it is not an insect. · l\11;. THOMAS. A microbe is perhaps too small to come

under the provisions of . a bill like this, except it be disguised under the cover of a disease.

Mr. GORE. The Senator, -though, seems to ha\e greater faith in his ability to prevail over it than over the insect. The smaller the enerriy the more animated is his hostility.

Mr. THOMAS. · The fundamental difference between the microbe and the tick is that you can extinguish the micr:obe if he exhibits him.'3elf in the shape of the foot-and-mouth disease, but the tick, like the poor, is \Vith us forever; and so I may say of the cow tick, the. boll weevil, and the gypsy inotll, and the moth that has nothing to do with gypsies. These, Mr. President, are constantly occurring sources of appropriation from the Tre:;tsury. I am now advocating extensions of such appropriations. I may offer an amendment appropriating a certain sum of money­not a great deal-starting with only a few millions to the con­sideration of the matters to which I have called attention in the hope that by advocating the bill in that ~ hape I may be able to defeat some of its more objectionable features.

1\fr. PAGE. 1\Ir. President, I should like to ask a question of the chairman of the committee. I was not present, although a niember of the committee. I was ill at the time this appropria­tion was increased from $620,000 to· $750,000. Is it not · true that the Secretary of Agriculture made a very careful estimate of what he could profitably spend in the eradication of the cattle tick?

Mr. GORE. 1\Ir. President, of course we have to assume that the estimates of these itenis are made with more or less care, but I am pretty sure the attitude of the department is that the speed of exterminating the cattle tick is largely a matter of money and organization.

Mr. THOMAS. Particularly money. Mr. GORE. Every dollar expended by the Federal Govern­

ment is matched by a dollar expended by the State or local authorities. That is a perfect guaranty against extravagance. If the money can not be expended under those circumstances it will not be expended. It will lapse; it will return to the Treasury.

I wish to say, while I am on my feet, that the Senator from Colorado [1\fr. THOMas], who ordinarily has accurate informa­tion as to facts, in this instance is incorrectly advised when he assumes that the cattle tick is spreading. When this crusade was · commenced there were 728,000 square miles infested and infected with ticks-larger than Germany, France, Spain, Por­tugal, Italy, Switzerland, Holland, and Denmark combined. I am satisfied that there is not a Government ou this globe making any pretension to civilization that would tolera-te p. pest of this sort for one year if it were possible to exterminate it. It is merely a matter of time and money. It will be exterminated in time. "\V e will appropriate the money in time to carry out this work. The only question is, 'Vill we appropriate it in .larger amounts and speed the day of extermination or spread it over a longer series of years! Now, that is the qnly question.

I suggested a few moments ago that 379,000 square miles ha-ve already . been rid of the tick, and 349,000 square miles are. still subject to its ravages. SeYefity thousand square miles were

released from quarantine last year. I reiterate the . statement that the only question is as to whether wisdom would recom­mend that larger appropriations be made and the time of ei·adi­cation be shortened in order that. we may enjoy the larger bene­fits at an earlier date, or whether we shall procrastinate and project those benefits further into the future. · · ·

Mr. CURTIS. ~Iay I -ask the chairman of the committee whether there was an unexpended balance last year, or was the appropriation last year e:£pended? Has the - Senator that in-· formation at hand? .

l\Ir. GORE. I am advised there was no unexpended balance. ·There is no doubt that the amount would be expended. I will say this, not by way of criticism at all, I think that the opposi­tion of Senators to appropriations is in inverse proportion to their amount. Some bill has been increased $73,000,000, and, as suggested by a Senator across the aisle, I apprehend the Senate will concur in the $73,000,000 increase in less minutes than are taken upon this item of the bill. I doubt if any measure could occupy as much time of the Senate as this particular amend­ment. As suggested· by the Senator from Louisiana, we have increased the appropriation $1,100,000, witl1, I belieYe, only one exception. The amounts have been studiously limited to ques­tions of production and conservation of food, an urgent and important question in peace times, but a matter of supreme importance in times of war. The fate of this war may depenu even more than Senators realize upon an available food supply in the United States, and for this small amount we ought not to jeopardize the fullest po~ible service in that direction. I do not believe it is sound economy.

In the main I agree witli the Senator from New Hampshire [Mr. GALLINGER] and the Senator from Colorado [Mr. THOMAS] in their efforts to maintain reasonable appropriations and to obviate unreasonable appropriations, but I think this appropria­tion comes in the former category and is in no sense unreason­able.

1\Ir. PAGE. 1\fay I ask the Senator one question at that point? Is it not true that there .has been no estimate made

. showing that we need $130,000 more? :Many seem to go on the simple principle that if $620,000 was good, $750,000 might be better, and we might just as well have gone on and increased the appropriation to $1,000,000.

1\Ir. GORE. The Senator was away for a few minutes. I have already stated that there was no estimate for this amount. The Senate Committee on Agriculture ventured to take one step forward, without being commanded to do it by some executive department of the Government. The committee has not abdi­cated either its a·ppreciation of public questions or its de\otion to the common good.

The Senate Committee on Agriculture, in the absence of the Senator from Vermont, thought if we could, by increasing this approp1·iation $130,000, speed the extermination of the cattle tick, if we coulu encourage the cattle business in this country, if we could provide larger supplies of cattle and of beef, not only for the civilian population and our own armies but for the civilian population and armies of our allies, we had ren­dered a service; and the fact that $130,000 is essential to that purpose did not deter the Senate Committee on Agriculture from venturing to submit such a recommendation to the Senate. It is, of course, a matter for the Senate entirely to determine whether the Committee on Agriculture outran either the pro­priety or the safe limitations upon public expenditures.

1\Ir. PAGE. I simply suggest, l\fr. President, if I may be allowed, that it is quite common for the Committee on Agri­culture to take the estimate of the Secretary of Agriculture and, without any showing whateve1~ except the general claim, as it has been made by the Senator from Oklahoma this morn­ing, that there is a great evil, and without any especial reason being given, without the facts or figures having been submitted, increase it by $130,000.

l\fr. GORE. The Senator is aware, of course, that the Senate has already voteu an increase of $250,000 to eradicate hiber­culosis, an increase of 100 per cent upon the amount recom­mended by the Department of Agriculture. I think it a wise appropriation. It will be used to exterminate tuberculosis in every part of the United States where that disease prevails; and I think it would be a shortsighted, a niggardly sort of econ­omy that would withhold a quarter million dollars in an effort to save an annual loss of $25,000,000 in the value of meat products. The loss used to be estimated from th .) cattle tick at $70,000,000. I believe it has n_ow dropp~d to between $.4D,OOO,_OOO and $50,000,000. An increase of $130,000 to rein­sure. against a loss of $40,000,000 to $50,000,000 -of foodstuffs when the world faces a crisis in foodstuffs is the act" of bold· ness which the Committee on Agriculture has committed. .

2972 OO.r GRESSlONAL .RECOltD-SENATE.

l\Ir. P.AGE. Why nut, on the same l)rincipJe; may" I n_gk the ·Senator from •O.k'la.homa, increase this approp~:ia.tion .of ()20,000 '10 $1,000,000?

l\.Ir. OOUE. Ur. Presirlen.t, nothing that the Sennte co-ul() do and · nothing :that it wiiJ do would afford a higher or ·more unmistakable prooJ of statesmanship than to muke such nn .apJll'Opriation in('reasing this amount to $1..000,000. Nothing, I say, we.ulll betrny symptoms of intelligent patriotism l()n the JJart of the Senate to a greater extent, except .:n appropriation of $2,000,000 or · $3,000.000 or $4,000,000, or whatever amuunt 't would take to rid this grent country, professing to be en­li;;;lltened an<1 citilized.. {)f this pest which co. ts $50,000,000 a year an<1 places a limitation upon our food supplies. · Mr. President, there is no net which I !.\OUld rather be ;tbe author of than an appropriation securing at one time a suffi<'ient an(l .a per}Jetun.l funJ avallable until tbe tick is eradicated, e-o thnt the spectacle will not be exhibiteu every time the Agri­cultm:al appropriation bill comes up for consideration in the Senate that this very <lebute bas to be gone through with, and lla ve Senatorf: it here and pnre ch~ese and nibble at cberries when the <lestmy of tbe Nation may be to a measurable ex­tent affecte<l IYy this measure. I think it is extremely short­:sigl1 te<l.

I .<lo not mean to he ·0ritical wh~n I say that we ought like a gre11t Nntion a11d Ulre, I }?elieve, . .any other nation on earth would rlo, mnke an U}Jproprlation to carry this work out and rcomplete it. S • y H "\\ill tnke $5.060,000 to <lo it an<l we .extend the appropriations OYer 8 years \Ve have been 12 years now. \Ve will probably be 8 year~ more. It wo-uld hnve been· wiser to llrrve made the .npproprintion ln the beginning ..an<l to have deanetl up the entire country by this time. We would not then in war times find in our .country with 350,000 square miles ~Subject to a pest wbkh is eradicable and which places a limita­tion upun our food ~uppUes._

l\Ir. PAGE I thanl~: the SPnator. The Secretary of Agri­cnltw·e is a very goou man; lw has made his estimates as to what sums be can use properly anrl efficientlY. for the coming .se:rr. I <lo nvt know 'hut t"Pat ·we might Ly adoptin~ the 'tl1eory \.\'hich thP .. Sen a tot· fr:1m Oklahoma hns just expres ed i&rense ·eYery one of these llPJlrorwiations immen ely to our advantage. "So far as 1 am <·oneerued 1: propose to •ote against the amend­ment. because we have a man at the h2ad of the department who has gh·en the matter bis careful consideration, and who snys rtlwt ., 6~0.000 iR whclt .be can wu ely and ·properly expend. l\e ought to stop t:berP n.n1l not incren·se it by $130 000, without some fnct..<: or some figures or some <lata upon .which to vote a lu~er sum. ·

'l'he PHERTIHNG ·OFFICER (1\:lr. SHEPPARD in. tile chab·). The queRtion is on agreein~ t~ the amendment of the cOmmittee.

The amendment "'"as agreecl to. The next nmendm~nt 'lf the Committee on Agriculture was,

on page 1G, line 23. nfter the "·ords "g~neral expenses," to strike ·out "$2.743,008" ru1Cl insert '$3,122,G7&;'' so ns to make the <elan. e rea<l :

In nTl, for general expenses, ·$3,122;678. 'l'he amendment wrrs agreed to. The nt>xt nmen(1ment wn~. on page 17~ line(), after the wor<ls

"Animal Imlu. try:" to Rtri.ke out "$3.700,008 ' .and insert "$4 079.58 ," . o aF: to mnke the c'l'i.mse read:

Tota1 far ·nureau oi .Animal llldu. try. S4,0.70,G88.

The amenclnH'nt was a~rf'f'<l to. The riext nme1alm~nt was, on page 22, line 1.1., after the

'\\'onls u Uni te<1 Rta te~" to .sb·ike . out .. $85.ti10" -nnu insert "!\;107,510," f'O n..~ to r<>.n~l:

For ncclimntizaflon a d :HlRptntion invl'sthratlons ~f cotton, COJ.'D, and otber crop. introdUC'Pil from tropical regions. and for the improvement ()f cotton nnd othf'r fibPr plants by C'Uitural mf'thous. bnecling. :mil s~>"IPrtion, .nnd for dPtPnnining tbe- fPLlSibility of tncrl'aRing the produe­tlcn of hard fibers outside of the c>ontinentn..l United States. 107,510.

Tile nmendmeut \\'llS agree<l to. Tlle next nmeullment wa , on page 23, line 1..8, after the

wonl "production," to strike out "$241.505" .and in. ert ". 291,­riO;)"; and in line 21, after the wor<l "TLm,t,'' to trike <aut "'' $:lO,OOO" and insert "$100.000," so as to make the clause ~'f'acl:

For. the inn>Rtigatlon and lmprovemPnt of cereaL and methods of • cert>nl produdion nnd tht• "turly of Cl'rt>al di~<cn.se D.Dd for the inVPS;ti­,pltlon of thP c·ultl\'ntlon and brP.,ding ot O:u: for <'E'd pu1·po~es, m­.clnaing a stully of flax 11is a P 41D<l for the inv<>stigation anti improve­.nwnt d bToam corn and nwtho.cts ..of broom-corn production, $2.'Jl.50~: P1·ot:ided. "That !':40.f1l'O ~<han bp RPt nRi(le for thf' Rtml.v of t'Orn im­p1·ovcmPnt nncl JlJPtllO<lR of 'C'orn procluc·tion: Pt·ovUJed ·also, That $100,-000 sllall bf" RPt lll'itlr for tbP iDVi'$tig:Jtion and !'O.DtrO'l .Of ;i"bp .cli"SPUSt'S of wbPa-t. oatR, antl .hariPy known as black rn t and stripe rust. \\ thiC'b sum Rhn1l bP immP<lliltPJy .a\·rulnble: ProridNl a.lso, Tbat 2n.uoo sba11 lw RPt al"illP for thP ·inv• . tig~ttion of <·orn root nnd stalk dl. en. eR anti t.or tlw inu.ogurntion <Of .such cont1'ol mensur s 1lB inay b !oun1l u ccs­a:;arv.

TlJC' amen<lment was agreed to.

The nexf amendment· was, on -pa~e 27. line 19~ .after the words u general expenses," ·to strike out •• .$2.232,"(398 •• and iB.· sert "$2.304,G98," so as to make the clause read:

In all. for .gener.n..l expenses, "$2;304.,608. "The amendment \vas agree<l t--o. 'The next amendment was, ·on page 27, nfter line 1.9, to sh·ike

out: Purchase ana distribution of valuable sef'ds : For purcha-se, propaga­

tion, testing. -and congre sional distribution o-f valuable seeds, bulbs, trees., -shrubs, ;vlnes, cutting ; and plants: a 11 n.ece sary ()fiice fixtures .and supplies. fuel, tTunsportation, paper. twine, gum. ;postal cards, gas, electric current, rent outside of the District of Columbia, official travel­ing expellSes and all necef;snry mnterial and rep irs for putting up anil ; distributing the Rame; for repairs aml t e ,employmellt of local and special .agents, clerkst .assistantR . .and other ln!Jor required, in the city of Was.:Jington and rusewhere, ::!42.3:!0. And the :Secretat·t of Agt·lcul­ture is hereby directed to expend thP Fald sum, as ne.orly as pt·actlcable, ln the purchase, testing, and distribution of sucb valuable seeds, bulbs, sb:rubs. vines, cuttings, .and plants. the .best t.e can obtain at public or pr'lvate sale. and such as shall be Ruitable for tbe respective localities to which tbe same are to be apportioned, anil hi wbich same are to be distributed as hereinafter stated, and such I'Pds RO pnrcha ed sball Jn· elude a variety of vegeta.ble ano H.3wer s ds Ruitabl~ for planting and culture in tbe various "Sf'Ctlons of the United Stat.t>S: Provided, That the Secretary of Ag1iculture, after due ndv rtisement and on competi. tive bids, is authorized to awurd the crontract for the· 'SUpplying of .Printed packets and envelopPs and tee pn.ck£>1ing, AllBemblin.g, and mail· ing of the seeds, bulbs, sbTubs, vinl'S, cuttmgs. and plants. or any part thereof, for a period of not more tt-an five years ·nor less thnn -one year. i1' .by -such action he can best protect t ' e interests of the United States. An equal proportion of flvP-slxths of all seeds, bulbs, shrub!i, v_lnes. cuttings, ru1d plants s~all upon thPir re<]uests, utter due, notifica­tiOn by the Secretary of AgrJColturP tbart tl' e ullotm~>nt to their respec• tive districts is ready for distribution, be suppH<•d to Senators, Repre­sentatives, and .Delegates ln Con::ress for dis1ribution •.nmong their constitu<'nts, c,r mailed by the department upon t he ..receipt of. their .audre sed franks, in packnges of sucb w~ight as the Secretary of Agri­culture and the Postmaster General may joinUy dE-termine: Promaea, lw<veve-r, That upon eac·h envelope or ~rappe.r containing packages of seeds the contents thereof s : all be plalnly ~n<.llcnted. and the Secretary shall not distribute to any Senator, Rcpr Pntath~e, or Delegate s-eeds entirely unfit for the .climate ·and locfrllty te represPnts. but shall dis­tribute thP same so tl1at each Member .may have Ref'ds of equal value ~s n~r as m~y be, and the ·best adapteq to the ,locaJita be represents ·: Prot•tdeil, also, That the seeds allotted to Sl'nat()t'S 11nd .Rc>proesentatives for distribution in the dlsh·iets <'mbraeP(} witrin the twc>nty-ilfi:h and thirty-fourth parallPls of latitude s' all bP !l'endy tor delivery not lnte.r than the 10th day of January: Provicled, also, "'rhat any portion ot tlle allotments to Senators; Rept·esentatives. and · n~legates In Con­gress 'l.'emainmg unc-alled for ron the 1st day -of A prU shall fie· distributf\d by the Secretat·y of Agriculture, givlng p1•efer nee -to those persons ·whose names and addresses have been furnl. bed by Senators and Repre­scntatl"l'es in {.'ongress and wl>o have cot before -dur-ing the same season been supplied by the depattment: And pTf17'iaed, al.&o~ 'That tbe Secre­tary shall report, as provided in this .act~ the place. quantity, and price of Sf' ds ·pmchased, and the date of purc •·ase; but nothing tn this para­grap~ shall be construed to ·~revent tbe Secretary of A!!rleulture from endmg seeds to -those who Hpply :for the sam . Ani:l t.be amount herein

appropriated shall not _be dJverted or used for any ot"er purpose bnt for the ]lurcbnse, tt>stm_g, "Propagation . . and distrjbution of valuable secd!3, bulbs, mull>e-rry und other nue and valuable trees, shrubs, ·vines, cuttmgs, ·n:r;J.tl plants.

And, -on pag 30. line 1.0, 11fter the worflR "Plant Industry," to strike out ' .$2.915;038" and insert "$2,744,718," o as to ma"ke the clause rea<l : ·

Total for Bureau of Plant .Industry~ $2,744,7.18.

Mt·. Sl\IOOT. I ask that the amenulllCnt may go over. 1\lr. GORE. I ,have no objection. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without obJection~ the am nd·

ment will go .O\er for the present. • · The next arne.n<lment was. under the .subhead " Forest Serv·

ice," on page 45, after line 17, to ~'trike Q.Ut : That, during the existing ·state of wttr. the Secretacy -of :Agricultoro

Is authorized to make salt's, without ndvertiRPmPnt, at a 'fair valuation, to be determined l>y him, of na tiona) fot·est timber whi.eb is to be u ed so ·far as suit:D.blc for the con 't.J:nc·tion .of ae1·oplanes.

And in lieu to insert: "That hereafter during the exl.stf.ng stnte of 'IVIll", tbe 'Se~etary or

Agriculture is authorized undt>r Tegulations to be prescribed by him, to permit the War Df'partmPnt, or any ofbPr dc>pnrtment. board, or com· mis ion, of the Government. to take from t e national forests such timller as may be needed in the prosecution of the war, and the S :ere~ tary of Agriculture is further autbot·izctl to Rell, or otbcrwl~5e dL<:po o .of, any _ timlx>I m·ct' · ;.arily c1,1t ln <:any in~ out .the proyjslons of thiS paragraph and an:v materials mauufactui·ro therefrom which ar not Jieeessary for wa1 purposes.

l\Ir. W ADS''-'OllTH. l\lr. Pr~iclent. the chairman of the committee is absent for a few momeU:ts awl :lu lliR ab encc lie a ked me to.. suggest an alteration iu the mnen<lrueut now befOL·e the Senate to conform :to the sugge ·tion lllade by a memorandum from the Forestry Bureau~ I th-erefm· move, nn pa~e 46, lines 3 aml 4, thar the words "tile Heeretnry of .Agriculture is fur· ther " be tricken out .and to in~_:rt:

ecretaries of the departments, the board!!, or the commh!slon!! whi-ch lllAY obtain such timbe.t· ar.e "~Seve.t·aLl.y.

Mr. SMOOT. I ask thnt ·the amen<lment nay be reau :at the uesk. •

The PRESIDI TG OFFICER. The am uument to the am uu­rnent :will be 1' a<l.

The Secretary rea<l the arnen<lment to the amendment

1918. CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-SENATE· . . 2973 Tile PRESIDING OFFICER (1\fr. THOMPSON in the chair).

The Senator· from Utah [l\Ir. SM.oOT], then, has the floor. Does the Senator from· Otah yield to the S~uatop · from North Dakota.?

l\1'1·. SMOOT: I do.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, the amend­ment \villJ be passedl over.

Mr. GRONNA.. :M:r. President, I merely want to say a: word.

'Phe· reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of the Committee on Agi.riculture and Forestry was, under the subhead " Bureau of Soils," on page 54, line 9, after " $217,600," to insert:

P1·ouided• That the product obtained from such experimentation may be- sold at a price to be determined by the Secretary of Agriculture, and the amount obtained n·om the sale thereof shall be covered into the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts.

So as to· make the clause read :

I a urn& that the-reason: for suggesting thi~ amendinent is- that the sale of this timber will come- under various- departments. The committee thought, of course, il would come under the Department of Agriculture, but I can readily see: that the S~ retary of the Interior may have something to say about the sale o:fl some of this timber. I can see-no other·reason for tile change.

l\Ir. SMOOT .. That is· not wb.at tlie amendment provides for,· For the investigation and demonstration within the United States to determine the best metllod of obtaining potash on a commercial scale.

I will say to the> Senator fcom North. Dakota. $1'27,600: Provided, That the product obtained from such experimenta-~fr. GRONNA. It speaks o:f different depru,tments: tion may be sold at a price to be determined by the Secretary of Agri-1.Ir. SMOOT. It authorizes· an of' the departments· or any 0r- culture, and the amount obtained from, tl::e sale thereof shall be covered

into th.c TreastU'y as miscellaneous receipts. the- departments.

Mr. GRONN:A.. It simply :mtliorizes them to cooperate. The amendment was agreed to. 1\fr. SM00'.V. No; it authorizes them to sell the timber. The next amendment was, under the subhead "Bureau of Mr. GRONN'A. Yes; on e-xamination r see that is correct. Entomology," on page 56, line 4, after the wol'd "nuts," to 1\Ir. SMOOT. It authorizes· any board that we ereat.e to sell stl1ike out "$83,380" and: insert" $93,380" ;. so as to read:·

this timber, and it authorizes any commission to sell the timtier. For investigations of insects areecting decidu-ous fruits, orchards_. 1\fi.·. GRONNA. The Senator from Utah, of course~ under- v.ineyards, and nuts, $93•380·

stands that this timber· is simply for the purpose- of· comrtrucring The· amendmep.t was agreed to. ships or n"'roplanes; tliat it is absolutely for notliing else· but The nert amendment was, ou page 57', line 12~ after the words for use in this war. This does not authorize anyone to sell any "general expenses," to strike out "$5'51';309·" nnd insert timber except wi1at may be used in the· eonstructfun' of ships "$5.67 306-"; so as to make the clause read·:: and aeroplanes. · rn; an, for general expenses, $567,300\

Mi·. S"\J0@T. 1\Ir. President, the Senator from, Utah umfer~ . The amendment was· ag:reed· to stands that, because it is specifically- so stated· in' the· amend · The next amendment was, on page 58; liile, 11, after the· wot·ds ment. What I desired time for was merely to see w.hat the:: "B.ureau of Entomology," to strike out , .. $976',680," and insert amendment did"' provide, because- a Senator can h3.1'dly asceu- '' $986,680 " ; so. as to' make the cbl.us~ t-ead: tam that by- the reading from· the· aesk, and wiThout readi:ng i-t TOtal for Bu~eau ot Wntomology, $9'86;680. in connection with the amendment itself. . · The amendment was agreed· to.

Mr. WADSWORTH. Mr. President, I can enlighten the The next amendment was, under tlie- suBhead· "Burea.n of Senator from Utall on that point. Biological Survey," on page 60, line- 25; a:fter the words· "wiid

Mr. SMOO'F. Aft-er compaui:ng the Senator's amendment; animals,"· to strik.e: out:· with the amendinent of the> eommittee I see that. his amend Provided further; That of· this- sum' $10\000~ o1~, as much. thereof a.a-ment is a wise-one ami I think it! ought t'O b adopted. m:a~ be necessar.~ shall be usro fur. the purpose of inv~stlgating the

Tile- PR'ESIDING' 0FFICER. The quest10n is on the amend- ' extent ll!lldi etl'e<!.t of the killlng ana harassing- by· dogs o~· slieep and. ment proposed. by' tlie1 Senator froJlli N'~w York· to the cohnnit-tee- g~~~nrg~~fti~d~~~ animals. and ot· the best methods f-o~· re.duc1ng, andi.

amendhlent. so· as to make the clause read: The a:tnendi:nent t-o· the amendmen.t was a~reed to. F-or in-vestigating- the: t.ood habits of Northl American oirds and' The· amendment- as amended· Wa& agreed to. mammals in relation to ~dculture, horticulture~ anU' furestcy, includ-Tlie readfug of' tile 1».11" was· resumed: . '1llie ne:xil amendment. ing experiments and demonstratmns in: destro~ wo1ves, coyotes,_

of the Com.m.ittee on: Agriculture· and F'orestry- was, en page· 46~ prairie dogs. and other animals injurious to agriculture and animal

a.~er line 1i. to s~ke out; husbandry, and for investigations and experiments in connection with ,...," • w.·1. rellring ot. fuc•bea:ring- ani~ lnclu:dlng- mink: an~ marten; $39~,820 : Whenever, during the fisral year ending June 30, 1919, the Secrebu.-y' Provided,. That of thiS.. sum. $15,000 shaU be. used tor tlre destruc:.tlon!

ot 'Agrlcrrlttlre' shall find · that the e:qnmses. ot' tra"V:el can be redUced of gl'OU1lclJ squirrels: Olll the- nation:al. forests, and:: other' public. lands :, And! thereby. he may., iw lieu of aotual traveling, expenses,. unde'll su.c.h. r.egw. . pravw.ea alBo, That of this: sum not less tlmni $1:25;000 ahall.. be used! lations a~r he may prescribe, a:uthorize. the· payment: of not to, exceed: 2 on. the natlonaJ: forests. and! ~ puilUc: domain lrr destroying: wolv~. cent&. per mile• for a. mooorcycle o~ 6 cents per miie fur• an1 automobile; coyotes1 and! oth:er animals in~urlous• to. agricnl~ animal. husha:ndry., used :Cor necessar}l! travel· on officia..l business in th.e Fomst· Servi'ce: a:nd wild game: .A:nd' provided' further.; Tha:t o1 th.lsr sum. not. more tha:n­Pravid.fld., That, there· shall . bo no · payment of mileage tor the u~ro o.r $l25,0QO sliall1 be; used on tile publl.c lands natiorral forests, and else-­travel of motorcycla or·a:utomoblle furnislied, or owned' by o~ maintained where. in the• Wesrern. and Northwe:sternJ States. foD the protection a£ by tbe Gov:ei"nment of' the U'nited States. stock and other domestic animals through the suppression:. ot rabies by.

Mr. SMOOT: · Mr. President, ] should· like, to· ask the S'enator the destruction of wolves, coyotes, and. other preda::tory wild. animals. having the bill- in' charge if the- provision proposed to be stricken l\:Ix: WADS\VORTH. Mr. President, I s-imply desire at this out has not generally been in Agricultural appropriation bills time to congratulate the Senate, if. it !a about to_ adopt this and also in other appropriation bills? · amendment, on its wisdom in r:e:fJ:aining from_ the, attempt. ta::

Mr. RANSDELL. I understand that the department is , teach people• D.ow to kill dogs: anxious tOJ ha.ve· that provision, and. that it has usually. been T.he PRESIDING OFFICER'. Without ohiection, the- amen1I-in· the bill, but-in tliis case it is proposed: to strike it out. I was: 1• ment is· ag~:eed. to~ , not present in oommittee,_ I wLU sary to tile. Senator from. Titali, ' . The reading of the bill was• resumed·. Tlie· next amenclirrent wlleru tlmt' action was· tn.ken,.- and the Senatmr :in. charge o:fi· the ·of the Committee on-Agrfculture· a:nd' Fo:restry. was. on page- 611, bill has momentarily: left· the Chamber. line 13, after the words " insectivorous birds,."' to insert " and

Mr. SM,()O!JL I remember · when the wordlng contained 1h any act of' Congress to. give effect to the· treaty with Great this proviso of' this bill. wa.sj first placed. in. an n:ppropriation. Britain relating to migra:tory birds " ·;: so as· to make· the clause bill; and;. if I; rememi>er riglitl~, it has been ,generally in reguia.r· read : appropriation oills. It reads:. For ali necessary expenses- for errterc1ng- the provisions of the act ·

Provided, Tha.il tliere shali be no p:ayment of mileag~ for· tlie use or approved Marefi 4, 1913 (37' Stats. L. •• PP· 847' and 848), relating to travel of motorcycle or a1ltomoblle furnished' or owne<f. by or main- the: protection of migrnoor~ game and insectivorous birds, and any act: t~• d b t:he rr~. "'~~ t. f' th UJ>ri .. d s....... of Congress to. give effect. to tlie treaty. with. G:r:eat Britain relating-tuDe Y· uv.-V:<a.=uen e e .u.u.e ........,es. to- migratory birds, and for co,operntion wlth local authorities in.. thEY ' The reason for inserting those words in previous, appropria- pr-oteetion of migrat-ory bird·s, and for necessary investigations con­

tion bills Mr. Pr-esident, was because there had. been claims for tmeted tlher-ewitb; $50,000. mileage and there had been payments· for mileage, in whicli. the: 1\fr. SMOOT~ l\f:rr.. President, I will ask tbe Senator.· having--persons clajming the mileage had· used motorcycles and auto- tlhe bill in, ehn:rge to make an explanation of: that amendment. mobiles whieh had been furnished by the Government of the MI· .. GALLINGE& First. I should very much. like to· have tlie: United States. Th& ciaim fpr sncli mileage was. unfair to the pa:rag:raph read· and tlien_ read irr conjunction; with the proposed Government and should never _have been n1lowed. I have, amenclinent. therefore, wondered why the committee proposed to strike this The PRESIDING OFWICER. The· Secretary wiU read as reo-provision out of the bill. -. quested.

1\.Ii·. R.KNSDELL. n can not give an: explanation of th::rt, and The secretary: again read. the clause as proposed to be!J l w:n suggest to the Senator from Utah if he desires such ex:- amended. , planation, that the amendment. be passed over unti1 the chair- Mr. VARD..Uf:A:N. Mr .. President,. I will ask that this seetion· man of the committPe returns, be passed: over until the Senator· from· Oklahoma [Mr. GoRE].

1\It·. SMOOT! I should like to fia>e some explanation of that retu11ns to the Chamber. ·He will be here· in a moment. matter. and ~o · I ask that ' the amendment go over until tha l\fr. Sl\IOOT. Mr. President, the treaty. with Great Britain chairman of the committee returns. relating to· migratory birds- has not yet been ~atifled, and it

2974 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE. ]fARQII 4,

• e«:>ms to m rather sh·ange that we shoulrl put into an appro­priation hill an item referring to a treaty that is yet to be rati­fied b,v G1·eat Britain and the United States. The only question in my min<.l is "·hether or not it is rea1ly consistent legislation.

Air. YAHT>Al\IAN. Mr. President, if the Senator will pardon me. tlwngh I mn not a member of this committee, I am very sure there wns some o-ood rea on for putting the amendment into the bill. In order that the chairman of the committee rna. be rwrmitted to e~--plain it, I ask that the section may be pas~e<l oYer until he returns, which will be in a few moments.

'l'he PHESIDING OFF'ICER. Without objection, the amend­ment will he temporarily passed over.

The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry was. under the subhead "Bureau of Public · Hoads," on page 76, line 2, after tht- word "expenses," to strike out "$25,000" and insert "$60.DOO, t>f which SUlll $35,900 hall be made immediately avail­able.'' so as to make the clause read:

For invf-s tlgatlng farm domestic water supply and drainage disposal, the construction of farm buildings, and other rural· engineering prob­lems involving mechanical principll' , including the erection of such structures out:::ide of the District of Columbia as may be necessary for ('Xperimental purp'lst:>s only, the employment of labor in the city of \Vashington and el t:>whPrt:>, suppllt:>s, and all other n~cessary expenses, $GO.OOO. of which sum $35.000 shall be made immediately available.

ThP amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, on page 76, line 7, after the words

"genet·al expenses," to strike out " 489,520" and insert "$525,420." so as to make the clause read:

In ·au, for general expenses, $525,420.

The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, on page 76, line 8, after the words

"Public Roads," to strike out " 593,540" and insert "$629,-440;' so as to make the clause read: ·

.rotal for Burrau of Public Roads, $629,440. The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, under the subhead " Bureau of

Market ." on pAge 79, after line 7, to strike out-For enabling thE> Secretary of Agriculture to invt:>stlgate and certify

to shippr>rs the condition as to soundness of fruit, vegetables, and other · perishable farm products when received at such important cPntral mar­

kPts as the f:;ecretary of Agriculture may fmm time to time designate and under such rulPS and regulations as he may prescribe, including payment of such fees as will cover the cost of the service ren!lered : Pro'Vided, That certificates issued by the authorizl'd agl'nts of the de­partmPnt sllall be rec<'ived in all courts as prima facie evidence of the truth of the statements therein contained, '113,000.

And in~ ert-For enabling the Secretary of Agriculture to investigate and certify

t o shippers and other lnterestec;J parties the quality and condition of fruits, vegetables. and other penshable farm products when recmved at such Important central markets as the Secretary of Agriculture may from time to time dt>slgnate, under such rules anrl regulations as he may prescribe, including payment i>f such fees as will be reasonable> for the service rf'ndered: Provided, That certificates issut:>d by the author·

. izP<l agents of thE> department shall be received in all courts 9f the United States as prima facie evidence of the truth of the statements. therein contained, $113,000.

The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, on page 81, afte • line 15, to in. ert : To enable the Secretary of Agriculture to install an experimental

flour mill. baking and other apparatus, in order to inyestlgate the mill­ing and baking qualities of whe!lt and oth!r grains, mclutling the pay­ment of rent in the city of Washington, oO,OOO.

Mr .. JO.r-.;Es of Washington. 1\Ir. Presiuent, I ·do not care particularly to discuss this amendment, but I have a matter which I wish to put in the RECORD, and I will take this op­portunity to -do it.

At the last session of Congress a bill looking to the control of food products was prepared and sent to Congress by the administration. In that bill provision was made giving the President full control over the matter of the use of food products in the manufacture of malt, vinous, and uistilled liquor::;. When the matter came up in Congress, Congre s was prepared to relieve the President from that responsibility an.d prohibit by po ~itive act the use of food products in the manu­facture of liquot·s of this kind. One body of Congress adopted a positive provision to that effect. That proYision was sub­stantially reporteu by the Senate committee, and the Senate was prepared to pass it, when the President practically t·e­quested us to leave that authority in him anu place upon him that reS}JOU ibility. That was done; and although Congress

the responsibility is his, and that while Congres was per­fectly willing to assume this re ponsibility and discharge thi duty, it left it with the President at his own request.

A few days ago, 1\lr. President, one of the most remarkable petitions ever prepared was pre ented to the President of the United States, asking in very -respectful terms that he exer­cise the power that Congress has given him and, as a war measure, prohibit the further use of grain and other food products in the manufacture of malt and vinous liquors. That petition was signed by many of the mo t prominent women of this country of every class and occupation. It was signeu by the representatives of all of the temperance organizations lu the United States. It represented over 6,000,000 of the pa­triotic women. of this country, of the most representative chat·­acter, not only in their own persons but in those whom they represented as the officials of organizations of various kinds. This was distinctly a " winning of the war " appea I by the patriotic women of this country, who arc doing everything in their power to bring this war to a successful termination. The women of America are doing their part now, as they have al­ways done in the hi tory of the Nation, and they pre ented th petition to the Pre ident as a war proposition. They believed that it would have much to do with the winning of the wat·. and as patriots they presented it to him and not as partisan of any particular idea.

l\fr. President, I have the letter transmitting this petition to the Pre iuent. I have· also the petition signeu by about a thousand of the most representative women in this country. Not all of the representative women of the country who would have signed it have signed it, imply becau e they did not have the opportunity; but these women do represent the patri­otic, loyal sentiment of the great majority of the women of the Republic.

I think this is the first time in the history of the temperance movement that all of the leading organizations of women have united in behHlf of a particular proposition. They have all united in behalf of this propo ition and tlJey are all represented in the petition that was presented to the President.

This petition is signed by and represents the women whose husbandf;, sons, and brothers are in training camps. -on ships, and at the battle front. 'fhey f~vor the conservation of our food prod­ucts for the boys at the front, and are denying them elves and will deny themselves to the limit. They favor the u , e of food products for bread rather than for beer, and make this appeal to the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy as stanch

_patriots whose highe t aim and purpose now is " to "\\i.n tho war."

This petition was prompted by that great organiz::ttion the Woman's Cl1ristian Temperance Union, and, in my judg­ment, wil1 take rank among the historic petitions of the world. I have, as I have said, the letter tendering this petition to tho President; I have the petition with the namrf which was pre­sented to him March 1, and al o a summary of the petition and the character and .standing of the igners. I ask that they be printed in full in the RECORD, including the names.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered.

The matter referred to is as follows: Mr. PRESIDENT: We deeply appreciate tbe privilege of presenting to

you a memorial representing 6,000,000 women partiots of the United States.

We belleve this rs the llt·st petition in the history of our country in which all leadJng organizations of women-civic, fratet·nal, social, patriotic, and religious-as well as hundreds of notable women in tho educational and official life of the Republic, have unitl'd. It comes to you, Mr. President, as the voice of the women of America. It comes to you, our Commander in Chief of the At·my and Navy, at the time of an appalling crhis which peculiarly conc<>rns the mothers of the Nntion.

Educatcd by the Go~crnment to believe that food will win the war, these women, whose magnificent war service and sacrifice are ever·y­wllere attestt>d, plead for the maximum conservation of food mater·ials

· for the duration of tbe war. They earnestly and respeetfully ask that all food materials now u ed ln the production of malt Uqnors be diverted to food supplies desperately needed by our .Army ana the armies of the allies.

On behalf of the 6,000,000 petitioners, Mr. President, we thank you for the stt:>ps in this dir<>ctlon already taken, and we beg sour ear·Iy and favorable consideration of the prayer of the memorial we have the honor to place in your bands.

ANNA A. GonooN, President National lVoman:s Christian Temperance Union.

did prohibit the manufacture of. distille<.l spirits. Congre. s, as To Hon. woooRow WILsox, the Presiuent reque ted, left the authority in him anu the . Presiclt-n ~ of the United tatcs:

·power in him to permit or prohibit the u. e of food products Believ}ng that t?e women of the United States are loyally doing thcu· in the manufacture of malt and vinous liquors. utmost m. our natwn~l ~1·i~is to carry out all Government plans fot· the

h · t d t' t th. , h t th t. · conservatiOn of food, and · T ere IS u remen ous sen 1men I OU6 ou e conn I Y lll Realizin"' that tben.· is A till an alarming waste of foodstull's in the favor of W•tr prohibition indepenclent of the merits of the I proclnction" of malt nnd vinous liquors; q uestion in times of pence and much pt·essure has been brouo·ht WP, in behalf of mothers, wives. dnnghters~ siRtf'rs, and swf'!'!-hf'at·ts

' ' . . . "" of pnlisted mea, appeal co yon our C'ommanaer in Chlf'f of the Army upon Conl!re s; but the country l begmrung to under!';tan<.l and and Na\·y to prohibit tb<' further wa>:t·<' of th<' <' fordstulfs in tb pro-t.•ealize that this power is in the hands of th Pre ~itknt, that duction of malt ~tn<l vinous liquor~ •luring the pcl'iod of tilP wat·.

1918. OONGRESSION AL RECORD-SEN ATE. 2975 NATIO . AL PRESIDJ;JNTS WOM~'S ORGA~ZATIONS-OFFlCTAL SIG:!\'"ERS.

Mrs. Josiah E.vans Cowles, president general Federatto.n of Women's Clubs, Los Angeles, CaL---.---------------- 2, 600, 000

· Snra b E. Guernsey (Mrs. George Tba cher) , president general Na-tional Society Da.ugbters Amedcan Revolution, Inde-pendence ' Kans ------------------------------------

H. K. Scho'ff (Mrs. Frederick), p-resident National Congress of Motbers and Parent-Teacher Association, Philadel-phia. Pa -----------------------------------

Emnia Bailey Speer (Mrs. Robert E.), president Young Women's Christian Associations of America, Ne-w York City -------------------------------------

Myra Kingman Miller, president National Federation of College Women, New York City, N. Y-------------­

Mrs. Alice V. Mor.rUL president Woman's B~rd of Foreign Missions of Christian Church, Dayton, Ohio __________ _

Mrs. Wilbur P. Tbirkield, prPsident Woman's Home Mis­sionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Cbureh, New

Mr~~·~e~~sk~-lliei-hie-"Ben-n-ett~-presicie.Dt-woill:n.n-;s-Board-or Home ?!fissions, Presbyterian Churcb, Englewood, N. J __ _

Mrs. William WattPrs, acting president tbe Woman's Fo_r­eh~n Missionary ~ociety of the Presbyterian Churcb, Pbil­adclphia, Pa-------~--------------------~----­

Marietta B. Wilkins, president Women's National Mtssion­ary Association of the Universalist Church. Salem. Mass_

Mary A. Davis, honorary pre !dent National Fre·e Baptist Wo!MD'S Missionary Soeiety. Pittsburgb, Pa ________ _

Clotilda L. McDowell (Mrs. Wm. F.), president the Wo­man's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Epis­copal Church, Washington, D. C-----------------­

Helen Barrett Montgomery (Mrs. W. A.), president Wo­man's American Baptist Foreign Missionary So~ety,

"Rochester, N. Y------------------------------------­Maude M. Cbadsey, prPsident Woman's Home and Foreign

?!fissionary Society of the ACivent Christian Church, Bos-ton, Mass ---------------------------,------

Mies· Lucy Lowell, president of the Alliance Unitarian and Other Liberal Christian Women, Boston, Mass--------­

Bina M. West, • upreme commander Woman's Be~efit As-sociation of the Maccabees, Port Huron, Mich ________ _

1\frs. Walston Hill Brown, preside-nt National <Thild.. Welfare League, New York City, N. Y-------·-------------­

Mary B. •ralbert. president National Association of Colored Women, Buffalo, N. Y---------------------------­

Mrs. Chnrles R. E. Koch, nnt:Lonal president Dames of the Loyal Legion, Evanston, Ill _________________ _

Anna A. Gordon, president National Woman's Christian Temperance Uni001, Evanston, IlL _______________ _

Emmeline B. Wells, prpsident National Woman's Relief So-ciety . . Salt Lakt> City~.._utah ______________________ _

Marv Eleanor TaTbox. (Mrs. Wallace R.). preside.nt Ladies of the Grand Army of the RPpublic, Fryeburg, Me_ _____ _

(Mrs.) Lois M. Knaulf, ·national president Woman's Relief Corps, Chagrin Falls, N. Y ------------------------­

Alice Cary Risley. president National Association Army Nurses Civil War, Jefferson City, Mo ________________ _

Mrs. Cynthia Westover Alden. president general tbe In.terna-tional Sunshine Society, New YOl'k City, N. y _______ _

Louisa King (Mrs. Francis), pr~ent Woman's Farm and Garden Association, Alma, Mich _________________ _

Mary Clark Barnes (Mrs. Lemuel Call), president Neigb-bors' League o~ America, New York City, N. y ______ _

Martha H. Tingey., presidPnt Young Ladies' National Mu-tual Improvement Association, Salt Lake City, Utah __ _

Mary M. North, president American Woman's Press Associa-tio-n, Herndon, Va _______________________________ _

WIFE {)F FORMER PRESIDllNT OF THE \:TN"ITED STATES.

101,178

150,000

362, 191

70,000

5,000

260,000

175, 000

90,000

G, 200

9,000

220,804

752,000

1,700

21,700

194, 000

400

100,000

360

450,.000

50,000

38,000

160,000

11'3

50~ 000

16,000

100

35,080

150

Frances F. Cleveland Pre:;tun {Mrs. T. G. N.), Princeton. N. J. WIFE Oil' FORMER SECIIETARY OF STATE.

l'IIrs. William J. Bryan, Lincoln, Nebr. WIVES OF UNITED STATES SENATORS AND REPRESENTATIVES.

Mrs. William .F. Kirby, wife of United States Senator, little Rock, Ark. .

Marie Bankhead Owen (Mrs. Thomas M.), daughter of United States Senator; State chairman League for Service; first vice chairman Woman's Council of DPfense, Birmingbam, Ala.

Mrs. Charles A. Sulzer, wife of United States Delegate, Juneau, Alaska. .

Mrs. Carl Hayden, wife of United States Representative, Phoenix, Ariz.

Mrs. C. H. Randall, wife of United States Representative, Los Angeles, Cal.

Mrs. William Kent, wife of former United States Representative, Kentfield, Cal. .

Margaret Keating (Mrs. Edward), wife of United States Represen­tative, Pueblo, Colo.

Margaret Timberlake (Mrs. Charles B.), wife of United States Repre­sentative, Sterling, Colo.

Mary T. Henderson (Mrs. J. B. H.), wife of late United States Senator, Washington. D. C.

Mrs. Duncan U. -Fletcher, wi!e of United States Senator, J"ackson­ville, Fla.

Mrs. Park Trammell, wife of United States St>nator, Lakeland, Fla. Mrs. Frank Clark, wife of United States Representative, Gainesville,

Fla. Mrs. Hoke Smitb, wife of United States Senator, Atlanta. Ga. Mrs. Thomas W. Hardwick, wife of United States Senator, Sanders-~~~ . .

Mrs. W. ,H. Felton, wife of former United States Representative, Cartersville, Ga..

Mrs. S. J. Tribble, wifE: of late United States Representative, Athens, Ga. Ocl::sad~:~(}a..R. Harris, wife of late Untted States Representative,

. Mr . Charles Crisp, wife of United States Representative, Ameri­cus, Ga.

Mrs. S. A. Roddenbery, wife of late United States Representative, Thomasville. Ga_ · Irene M. Brady (Mrs. James H.), wife of late United States Senator, Boise, Idabo.

Mrs. Addison T. Smith, wife of United States Representative, Twtn Falls, Idaho.

Mida E McCracken (Mrs. R. M.), wife of former United States Representative, Boise, Idaho. ·

Mrs. Medill McCormick, wi.fe of United States ltepresentative, Chi­cago, Ill.

Mrs. M. D. Fo.ster, wife cf United States Representative, Olney, Ill. M1·s. Ricbmonfl Pearson Hobson, wife of former United States Repre­

sentativ~ Evanston, ill. Mrs. Charles Curtis, wife of United States Senator, Kansas City,

Kans. . Mrs. Dudley Doolittle, wife of United States Representative, Strong

City, Kans. · Mrs . .John W. Langley, wife of United States Representative, Pike-

ville, Ky. . Mrs. Bert M. Fernald, wife of United States Senator, Poland, Me. Mrs. Martin IIolcomb, wife of former United States Representativs.,

Grand Rapids, Mieh. · Annie S. Beakes (Mrs. S. ·w.), wife of United States Representative,

Ann Arbor, 1\Ucb. Mrs. Louis C. Crampton, Wife of United States Representative, La­

peer, Mich. Ona Winants Borland (Mrs. William P.), wife of United States Rep­

resentative. Kansas City. Mo. Ellie L. Norris (Mrs. George W.), wife of United States Senator, .Mc­

Cook, Nebr. Mrs. Dan V. Stephens, wife of United States Representative, Fre­

mont, Nebr. Emma L. Lobeck (Mrs. C. 0.), wife of United States Representative,

Omaha, Nebr. Natalie S. Jones (Mrs. Andrieus), wife of United States Senator,

·East Las Vegas, N. Mex. Anna M. Hawley (Mrs. W. C.), wife of United States Representative,

Salem, Oreg. Ellzabeth H. Cooper (Mrs. J"ohn G.), wife of United States Rept·e­

sentative, Yonngstown, Ohio. Elizabeth P. Griest (Mrs. W. W.), wife of United States Representa­

tive. Lancaster, Pa. Vida Ruth Kelly (Mrs. M. Clyde), wife of United States Representa­

tive. Braddock. Pa. Mrs. B. R. Tillman, wife of United States Senator, Trenton, S. C. Mrs. E. W. Martin, wife of ·former United States Representative,

Deadwood, S. Dak. Mrs. Newell S.anders, wife of former United States Senato-r, Lookout

Mountain, Tenn. 1da L. Padgett (Mrs. L. P.), wife of United States Representative,

Columbia, Tenn. Jeannette S. D. Sbields (Mrs. John K.), ·wife of United States Sena­

tor, Knoxville. Ttmn. Mrs. Mary E. Byrns, mother of United states Representative, Nash­

ville, Tenn. Mrs. Charles B. Wilson, sister of United States Representative,

Nashville, Tenn. Mrs. Carter Glass, wife of United States Representative, Lynchburg,

Va. Anna Portner Flood (lfrs. Henry D.}, wife of United States Repre­

sentative. Appomattox, "Va. Mrs. E. W. Saunders, wife of United States Representative, Rocky

Mount, Va. Augusta M. Dale (Mrs. Porter H.), wife of United States Repre­

sentative, Island Point. Vt. Elizabeth Gale Poind.exter (Mrs. Miles C.), wife of United States Sen­

ator, Spokane, ·wash. Lavalette C. Hadley (Mrs. Lindley H.), wife .of United States Rep­

resentative, BeJll:il.q-ham, Wash. Elizabeth Gray Bowers (~Irs. George M.), wife of Unite-d States Rep­

reseBtativ~ Martinsburg, W. Va. Mrs. Stuart F. Reed, wife of United States Representative, Clarks­

burg, W.Va. Emma B. Woodyard (Mrs. Harry C.), wife of United States Repre­

sentative, Spencer, W. Va . .Mrs. Edward El. Brown{!, wife of United States Representative, Wau­

paca, Wis. Mrs. John B. Kendrick, wife of United States_ Senator, Sberidan,

Wyo. UNITED STATES REPBE:SE:'fr-ATIVE.

. Jr~~TTE R~-xr::\', 1\ftssoula, Mont. WITES OF GOVEll!WRS A~'D FOR~1EB GOVERNORS.

Anna Hall Strong (Mrs. J. F. A.), wife of governor, Juneau, Alaska. Mrs. Alfred P. Swineford, wife of former governor, Ketchikan, Alaska. Abigai:l M. W. Miller (l\!rs. Charles ll.), wife of former governor;

chairman Woman's Committee Council of National Detens~ Wilmington, Del.

Mrs. Julius C. Gunter, wife of governor., Denver, Colo. .Mrs. Sidney J. Catts, wife of governor, Tallahassee, Fla. Mrs. N. E. Harris, wife of former governor, Macon, Ga. 1\Irs. W. Y. Atkinson, wife of former governor, Newman, Ga. Mary Dillingham Frear (Mrs. W. F.), wife of former governor, Hono­

lulu Hawaii. 1\.Irs. James P. Goodrich. wife of governor, Indianapolis, Ind. Anna r~arrabee Cl\1rs. Willlam), wife of former governor, Des Moines,

Iowa. Mrs. Arthur Capper, wife of governor, Topeka, Kans. Mrs. E. W. Hoch, wife of former governor, !\larion, Kans. Mrs. W. R. Stubbs, wife of former g.avernor, La.wrence, Kans. Mrs. A. E. Noel, wife of former governor, Lexington, Ky. Emma V. Milliken (Mrs. Carl E.), wife of go'lernor, Augusta, Me. Mrs. Edith B. Curtis (Mrs. Oakley C.), wife of former governor.

Rockland, Me. Mrs. William T. Haines, wife of former governor, Waterville, 1\Ie. Mrs. John F. Bill, wifz of former governor: chairman woman's

committee on llber~y loan for Maine, Augusta, Me. , Mary C. Sleeper (Mrs. Albert). wife of governor, Lansing, Mich. Mrs. Luren D. Dickinson, wife of lieutenant governor, Charlotte,

Mich. ·Lillian OSborn (Mrs. Charles S.), wife of former governor, Marie,

Mlch. Allee Tye Noel (Mrs. E. F.), wife of former governor, Lexington,

Miss. Marion B. Longino · (Mrs. A. H. L.), wife of former governor, Jack-

son, 1\fiss. · Linda Bilbo (Mrs. Tbeo. G.), wife of governor, Jackson, Miss.

.

2976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· SENATE. JfARcH 4, -

Jeannette V. Gardner (Mrs. Frederick), wife of governor, Jefferson City, Mo.

~Irs. Chester H. Aldrich, wife of former governor, Lincoln, Nebr. :llargretta S. Dietrich (Mrs. C. H.), wife of formm· governor, Hast-

Ings. Nebr. ~Irs. J. H . Mickey, wife of former governor, University Place, Nebr. 1\!rs. D. EI. Goodell, wife of former governor, Antrim, N. H. Mrs. Jol'n ::UcLane1 wife of former governor, :Milford, N. H. Mrs. Henry B. Qwmby, wife of former governor, Lakeport, N. H. Olive Whitman (Mrs. Charles S.), wife of governor, Albany, N. Y. Mrs. Lynn J. Frazier; wife of governor, Bismarck, N. Dak. Mrs. L . B. Hanna, wife of former governor, Fargo, N.Dak. 1\lrs. AndrC'W L. Harris, wife of former govern(lr, Eaton, Ohio. Allie D. Willis (Mrs. Frank B.), wife of former governor, Delaware,

Ohio. · Flora B. Brumbaugh (Mrs. Martin G.), wife of governor, Harris-

burg, Pa. Mrs. Richard I. Manning, wife of governor, Columbia, S. C. Mrs. Peter Norbeck, wife of governor, Pierre, S. Dak. Mrs. Frank E. llyrne, wife of former governorz...Faulkton, S. Dak. Mrs. T . C. Rye, wife of governor, Na~hville, Tenn. Mrs .. John Farris Nolan, daughter of governor, Nashville, Tenn. Mrs. W. H. Mann, wife of former governor, Petersburg, Va. Isabel S. Graham, sister of governor, Craftsburg, Vt. Mrs. Eva B. Steunenberg, wife of former goverbor of Idaho, College

Place, Wash. Alma Lister (Mrs. Ernest), wife of governor, Olympia, Wash. 1\frs. A. B. Fleming, wife of former governor, Fairmont, W. Va. Mrs. W. H. Upham, wife of former governor, Mar hfield, Wis.

STATE SENATORS AKD REPRESE~TATIVES.

Mrs. Paulin() M. O'Neill, former member State legislature, Phoenix, Ariz.

Mrs. France!'! Willaru Munds, State senator, PrPscott_ Ariz. Helen Ring Robinson, former State senator, Denver, \..:Olo.

WIVES OB' STATE OFFICIALS,

Octavia A. White (Mrs. Frank S.), wife of former State senator, Blrmingham, Ala.

l\lrs. H. W. Hill, wife of Associate Justice Supreme Court, At­lanta, Ga.

Mrs. T. E. Patterson, wife of State Frison commissioner, Atlanta, Ga. Mrs. Agnes Hall Boyd Judd, wife o Chief Justice IIawaiian Islands,

Hawaii. Mrs. S. M. Brewster, wife of attorney general, Topeka, Kans. Jennie Botkin (Mrs. Thomas), wife of secretary of ·state, Topeka.

Kans. Mary C. Tunis (Mrs. J. T.), wife of former State senator, Lexington,

K~ . Mrs. R M. Salmon, wife of State senator, Madisonville, Ky. Mrs. Frank C. Greene, wife of member of State,Jeglslature, Carrollton,

Ky. . ~Irs. S. D. Pearce, wife of State senator, Ruston, La. Lena Allen Price (Mrs. Fred W.), wife of State representative,

Ru>:ton, La. Mrs. W. R. Pattengall, wife of former attorney general, Augusta, Me. Edith Hayes Wheeler (1\lrs. Alton C.), wife of member of legislature,

South Paris, l\le. · 1\ll.rs. J. Morgan Stevens, wife of judge of supreme court, JackRon, Miss. Mrs. Lee F. Ru sell, wife of lieutenant governor, Oxford, ?!lis . Alfreda G. Collins (Mrs. Ross A.), wife of attorney general, Jackson,

Mis. Edith Hyde Colby (Mrs. Everett), wife of former State senator, West

Orange, N. .T. ·:Mrs. William A. Carson, wife of State senator, Rushville, N. Y. Mrs. Sarah 1\1. Witter, wife of assemblyman, Berk hire, N. Y. F'lttiP 1\I. FPnner (1\lrs. CaRper), wife of assemblyman, Reddens, N.Y. Mrs. J. C. Allen, wife of State as emblyman, Clinton Corner , N. Y. lllartha l\lcGifrert Whitney (Mrs. George H.), wife of State senator,

Mechanicsville, N. Y. L ena M. Sweet (Mrs. Thaddeus C.), wife of speaker of New York

A sembly, Phoenix, N.Y. Mrs. Andrew A. Bruce, wife of judge of supreme court, Bismarck,

N.Dak. Mrs. Richard H. Grace, wife of judge of supreme court, Bismarck,

N.Dak. Mrs. J. N. Hagan. wife of judge of supreme court, Bismarck, N. Dak. Mrs. D. H. McArthur, wife of former 'tate senator, Fargo, N. Dak. Mrs. Walter Ferguson, wife of State representative, Cherokee, Okla. Mrs. J. 0. McColli ter, wife of former repre entative, Mangum, Okla. l\'lrs. W. W. Murray, wife of late judge of Federal court of lanu

claims, Huntingdon, Tenn. Mrs. J. Taylor Ellyson, wife of former lieutenant governor, Richmond,

Va. Mrs. A. T. Lincoln, wife of former State ·senator, Marion, Va. !Irs. G. \Valter Mapp, wife of State senator, Accomac, Va. Mr~. B. F. lluchanan, wife of lieutenant governor, :Marion, Va. Mrs. Martin Williams, wife ·of former member of legislature, P earls­

bur~. Va. Mrs . John F. Mains, wife of judge of supreme court, Olympia, Wash. Mrs. Louie Pemberton (Mrs. W. H.), wife of superior judge, llelling-

ham, Wash. Mrs. J. T. Ronald, wife of superior judge, Seattle, Wash. Mrs. C. W. Lynch, wife of judge of supreme court, Charleston, W. Va. M1·s. John S . Darst, wiftl of State auditor, Charleston, W. Va. Harriet P. Williams (Mrs. L. Judson), wife of judge of supreme court,

Charleston, W. Va. Helen J. Ritz (Mr. Harold A.), wife of judge of supreme court,

Charleston, W. Va. Grace H.. )!ontgomery, wife of commission r of labor, gran tl chief

of We t Virginia Pythian Sisters, Charleston, W. Va. EDUCATORS.

Julia C. Lathrop, Chief Child Labor Bureau, ·washington D. c. (Mrs.) Ella Flagg Young, former president ~utional Education

Ac:sociati':ln; recently superintcnc'lent of schools; member of. woman's liberty loan committPe, Chicago. Ill.

Mn.•·y C. C. Dradford, State superintendent of public instruction ot Coloratlo; pre ident NatJonal Education .Association, Denver, Colo.

Marion Churchill, dean of women, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colo.

Ellen l:tpPnc r Mut~sl.'y, honorary dean and founder of Washington College of Lnw : tirst dean of law school; president Woman's Dar Assodation f Dl trlct of f'olumLJi:1, " 1al' bington, D. C.

Al~rs. S. D. Weakley, president Girls' Training School, Birmingha.m,

Mrs. T. G. Bush, treasurer Boys' Industrial School, Birmingham, Ala. Grace E. Berry, dean of women, Pomona College, Claremont, Cal. Iren•! S .. Myers. de.an of women, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CaT. S. Antomette Bigelow, dean of women, University of Colorado Boul-

der, Colo. ' cofo~e McKeen Shuler, dean of women, University of Denver, Denver,

Jessie E. Arbuckle, superintenucnt of Blakeslee '!'raining School, New Haven, Conn.

Lucy Hale Tapley, president Spelman Seminary, Atlanta, Ga. Mrs. John K Ottley, chairman State Library Commission, Atlanta, Ga. (Miss) Martha Berry, founder Berry School, Mount Berry Ga Mrs. S. B. C. Morgan, pr sident and founder of the State Associ..'l.tion

for the Education of Georgia Mountaineer , Savannah, Ga. (Miss) Ethel E. Redfield, State superintendent of public instruction

Boise, Idaho. · ' Mary Ross Potter, dean of women, Northwestern University, Evans­

ton, Ill. S. P. Breckenridge, dean of women, Chicago University; law:ver

Chicago, Ill. • Grace A. Stayt, dean of women, Knox Collt'ge, Galesburg, lll. Laura T. Brayton, educator, Chicago, Ill. Katharine S. Alvord, dean of women, De Pauw University, Green­

C::tRt!e, Ind. Eliza A. Blaker, president '.rhe Teachers' College of Indianapolis

Indianapoll'3, Ind. ' Martha Doau, dean of women, Earlham College, Richmond, Ind. Ruby E. C. Mason, dean of women, Indiana Uni~erslty, Bloomington

Ind. ' Anna M. Klingenhagen, dean of women, professor of history, State

University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. Io~~~rie Louise .De Nise, dean of women, Grinnell College, Grinnell,

Emily Cunningham, adviser of women, Iowa State College, Ames, ~~ .

Mrs. Eustace H. Brown, ad vi -er of women, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kans.

Cora Wilson Stewart, president Kentucky . Illiteracy Commission; superintendent midnight schools, Frankfort, Ky.

Mrs. Evan S. Rees, educator, Louisville, Ky. May Stone, c.lirector Hindman Settlement School, Hindman, Ky. Flort'nce Offutt Stout (Mrs: R. L.), physical director of Women, Uni-

ver ity of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky. Ruth Huntington, director Hindman Settlement School, Hindman, Ky. Katherine Pettit, fo under Settlement School, Pine Mountain, Ky. Mary E. Sweeny, dean agriculture, Kentucky Uuiversity, Lexington,

Ky. Sarah Frances Whiting, professor emeritus phy ics and astronomy,

Wellesley College, Well esley, Mass. Ellen F. Pandleton, president Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.

Ma~:.ry E . Woolley, presid~t M_ount Holyoke College, South Hadley,

Caroline S. Davies, dean of Jackon College, Tufts College, Somerville, Mass.

Myra B. Jordon, dean of women, Univer tty of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Annie E. Shell:md, chairman Pah·iotic Education, St. Paul, Minn. Maria L. Sandford, professor emeritus department of English, Uni­

versity of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. Amy P. Morse, profes or home economics, University of 1\linnesota,

Minneapolis, Minn. Elizabeth H. Foss, teacher plant industry, Minneapolis, Minn. Mary L. Benton, dean of women, Carleton College, Minneapolis. Minn . Eva Johnston, adviser of women, University of Missouri, Columbia,

Mo. Katherine Devereaux Blake, educator and writer, New York City. Annie F. Petty, librarian State Normal School, Greeusboro, N. C. Laura II. Colt, teacher State Normal School, Greensboro, N. C. Mary 1\I. Petty, teacher of State Normal School, Greensboro, N. C. Elizabeth Kelly, director of schools for illiterates, Raleigh, N. C. Mary Shannon Smith, department of history, Meredith College,

Raleig-h, N. C. Lillian Baker Grigg , librarian, Public Llbrary, Durham, N. C. Ella L. Fulton, dean of women, University of North Dakota, Grand

Forks, N. Dak. · · Minnie J. Nielson, county superintendent of schools, Valley City,

N.Dak. Mrs. M. C. Bucllong, secretary and director North Dakota Library

Commission, Bismart?k, N . Dak. Laura B . . Sanderson, secretary and registrar, Wesley College, Uni·

versity of North Dakota, Grand Forks, N. Dak. Grace P. Tra(·y (Mrs. Charles Alden), member of faculty of Kimball

'[l'nion Academy, Meriden, N. H. Mrs. Kathryn McLean, associate dean, Ohlo Wesleyan University,

Delaware, Ohio. Vivian B. Small, president Lake Erie College, Painesville, Ohio. Caroline M. Breyfogle, dean of women, Ohio State University; chaii·­

man of woman's committee, council of national defense of FrankU.n County, Columbus, O"bio.

Elizabeth Hamilton, dean of women, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio. Helen M. Smith, dean of women, Western Reserve, Cleveland, Ohio. Florence M. Fitch, dean of women, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OWo. Miss Loueen Pattee, dean of women, University of Cincinnati, Cin-

cinnati, Ohio. Elizabeth I•'. Fox, dean of women, University of Oregon, Eugene, Ore"'. M. Carey Thomas, pre ident Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr. Pa. Anna Garlin Spencer, professor sociology and ethic , Meadville Theo-

logical School, Meadville, Pa. Lida Shaw King, dean of women's college, nrown University, Provi­

dence, R. I. Frances Lucas, principal Lincoln School for Girls, Providence, n. I. Ella G. Agnew, assistant director demonstration work for girls, Hlacks-

bmB~sJ!·nacon Goodrich, principal Normal School, Johnson, Vt. Alberta L. Beeman, vice principal high school, vice president State

teachers' association. St. AllJans, Vt. Josephine Corliss Preston, upcrintendcnt public instruction, State of

Washington, Olympia, Wash. Ethel Everett, county superintentlent of schools, Bt'llingham, Wash. Rhoda M. 'Vbl te, <lean of wom~n. 'Va hington State College, Pullman,

W asl1.

1918. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 2977 Mabel GrahA.m, rounty superlntenflE'nt of schools, Mount Vernon, Wash. Mrs. John E. Scott, honorary president Woman's American Baptist Mrs. R. A. Small. E'X county superintendent of schoolsl Everett, Wash. Foreign Mission Society, Pasadena, Cal. Su. an Maxwell Moore, dean of \\omen, University or West Virginia, Miss Mina D. Edmonds, State deputy for California, Ladies of the

Morgantown, W. Va. Maccabees, Pomona, Cal . Martha Brock, Nlurator, Morgantown. W. Va. Bertha Lovejoy Cable (Mrs. Herbert A.), president California Federa-Anna P. Cooper, dean of women, Beloit College, Beloit, Wis. tion of Women's Clubs; chairman California woman's committee, Coun· Carrie E. hlor~an, Auperintendent of schools, Appleton, Wis. cil of National Defense, Los Angeles, Cal. Edith K. 0. Clark, State superintendent public instruction, Cheyenne, Mrs. R. H. Young, honorary vice president Woman's llome Missionary

Wyo. Society, Methodist Episcopal Church, Long Beach, Cal. Agnes R. Wright. State librarian, Cheyenne, Wyo. Mrs. Stella B. Irvine, president South California Woman's Christian Martha Post, assistant State librarian, Cheyenne, Wyo. Temperance Union, Riverside, Cal.

AUTHORS, EDITORS, ARTISTS, PE:'<WOl1EN. Mrs. Sara J. Dorr, president North California Woman's Christian Tern· 1\1 M · L f perance Union, San Jose, Cal.

(Mrs.) Rosa eyers umma, Alabama representative eague 0 Mrs. W. H. Bagby, president Southern California Christian Woman's American Pen Women, Robertdale, Ala. Board of Missions, Los Angeles, Cal. .

Ella Polk Ilubbert, Birmingham Ledger, Birmingham, Ala. Mary J. Hartley, president Northern California Christian Woman's Martha B. Keller, journalist, Skagway; Alaska. Board of Missions, Berkeley, Cal. (Mrs.) Bernie Babcock, Arkansas representative League of American Grace C. Simons (Mrs. Seward A.), sccretar1 California women's Pen Women, Little Rock, Ark. . Julin Ellen Rogers, author, Long Beach, Cal. committee, Council of National Defense, Los Ange es. Cal. (Miss) May E. Countryman, Connecticut representative League of Nina M. Weiss, president Colorado Federation Women's Clubs, Del

American Pen Women, East Hadden, Conn. . Norte, Cal. · Annie A. Preston (Mrs. Charles F), author, Willington, Conn. Mrs. Adrianna Hungerford, president Colorado Woman's Christian IMrs.) C. V. S. Wilson, Florida representative League of American TemperancE' Union, Denver, Colo.

Pf'n Women. Sarasota, Fla. Mrs. Mary L. Parks, president Colorado Christian Woman's Board of (.:lliss ) Eugenia E s till,. Georgia representative League of American Missions, Denver, Colo. -

rcn Women, Atlanta, Ga. . Carrie 0. Kistler (Mrs. W. H.), State chairman 1.oman's committee, 1\Irs. Grace Tower Warren, Hawaiian representative League Ameri- Council of National Defense, Denver, Colo.

can Pen Women, Honolulu, Hawaii. .Julia E. Kiliam. president Woman's Relief Corps, Department of Colo· Julia !<' . Deane, rna naging editor the Union Signal, Evanston, Ill. radco. al:!ltldutWz-yRoeilllDes·, g~tDateenvcehra, icrmolaon. woman's commi'tteP, Council of Na· Gail Calmt>rton , Indiana representative League of American Pen .~ .:; -

'Women, Fort Wayne, Ind. tiona! Defense, Greenwich, Conn. GPne Stratton Porter, author, Geneva. Ind. Ella L. Smiley, president Connecticut Federation of Woman's Clubs, Emilie B. S ta pp, Iowa rPpresentative League of American Pen Women, Hartford, Conn.

D s Moines, Iowa. Ellzabet:t. M. Spicer, department president, Woman's Relief Corps, Margart>t Hill McCarter, author, Topeka, Kans. New London, Conn-. -May Belleville Brown, author, allna, Kans. Mrs. Ca roline B. Buell, president Connecticut Woman's Christian Tern-Alice Heg-an Ric<>, autl_or, Louisville, Ky. perance Union, East Hampton, Conn. Eleanor Talbor Kinkead Short, author, historian, Lexington, Ky. Elizabeth Barney Buel (Mrs. John L.), State regPnt National Society Anna K Raison, Kent ucky representative League of American Pen Daughters American Revolution, Litchfield, Conn.

Women, Newport, Ky. Mary Canby Hoffecker (1\lrs. George R.), president Delaware Colonial Emma Abbott Gage, editor; Maryland Representative League of Dam~>s of .America, Marshallton, Del.

Arot>rican P<>n Women, Annapolis, Md. Ray Hedrick Powell (Mrs. W. A.), president Delaware Federation of Margaret Slatterly, author, Boston, Mass. Women's Clubs, Bridgeville, Del. Katherine Lee Bates, writer; teacher, Wellesley, Mass. Mn::. Lena S. 1\:Iess~ck, president Delaware Woman's Christian Temper-Cora Frances Stoddard, editor, Boston, Mass. ance Union, Bridgeville, Del. -Louise :Manning Hodgins. author, Wellesley, Mass. Sophia C. Hall (Mrs. George C.), State regent Daughters American Lilian Whiting. author, Boston, Mass. Revolution, Wilmington, Del. . Alice HPring Christopher, Massachusetts representative League of Mrs. John A. Logan, president District of Columbia Dames of Loyal

American P en Women, Bos ton, Mass. Legion, Washington, D. C. 1\'lrs. H. C. Hotaling. Minnesota representative League of American Anna May Wood (Mrs. Court F.), president District of Columbia Gen·

r en Women. Mapleton, Minn. era! F ederation of Women's Clubs, Washington, D. C. (Mrs.) R. T. Hobbs. journa list, Brookhaven, Miss. - Mrs . . Emma Sanford Shelton, president District of Columbia Woman's (Mrs .) Ella T. Brooke, journalist, Meridian, Miss. Christian Temperance Union, Washington, D. c. Mrs. LilY. Arnold Frost, editor, Vandalia, Mo. Catherine E. Brumbaugh (Mrs. G. M.), District of Columbia regent Grace Soren -on, editor; Nebraska representative League of American National Society Daughters of the American Revolution. Washington,

Pen Women, Omaha. Nebr. D. C. Annetta J. St. Gaudens, sculptor, Windsor, N. H. Mrs. Edgar Lewis, president Florida Federation of Women's Clubs, 'Marie F. Ryerson . New Jersey representative League of American Fort Pierce, Fla. -

Fen Women, East Orange, N. J. Mrs. \V. S. Jennings, chairman conservation committee, Florida Fed-Carolyn wens, author, Rahway, N. J. eratlon Women's Clubs; State chairman woman's liberty loan committee, Florence Morse Kingsley (Mrs. Charles), author, Staten Islanfl, N. Y. Jacksonville, Fla. _ Adella B. Beard, artist; author; formerly secretary Girl Pioneers Miss Minnie E. Neal, president Florida Woman's Christian Temper·

of -America, Flushing. N. Y. ance Union, Jacksonville, Fla. • Mary Mears, sculptor, New York City1 N. Y. Mrs. Frank Stranahan, president Florida Equal Suffrage Association, (Mrs.) Louise Seymour lloughton, cdttor,. New York City, N. Y. Lauderdale, Fla. Marietta Holley (Samantha Allen) • author. PiNrepont Manor, N. Y. Mrs. Willlam Hocker, State chairman woman's committee, Council of Martha Foote Crow, author, New York City, N. Y. · ..... t' 1 D f (Mrs.) Cora Leonaru, editor, Bartlesville. Okla. ..,a IOna e ense, Ocala, Fla. (Mrs.) Allee Blackburn, author; ed itor, Elk City, Okla. Mabel M. DeRyder, president Department of Florida, Woman's Relief Jessie Willcox Smith, artist, Philadelphia, Pa. Corps, Zeph~rhills, Fla. (Mrs.) Emma Shaw Colcleaugh, editorial writer, Providence, R. I. u Virginia t. C. Safford, president Florida Federation of Music Clubs, Sarah J. Eddy. artist, Bristol Ferry R. I. J.Uiaml, Fla . (Mrs.) Mary Ligon Miller, South Carolina League of American Pen Ruth Stewart Leaken, chairman libertlloan committee, Savannah Ga

Women, Trenton, 8. c. 1\Irs. William Lawson Peel, National · eague for Women's Service' At: (Miss) Kate Lilly Blue, writer; vice chairman Marion Red Cross, lanta, Ga. '

Marion, S. C. Mrs. Hugh M. Willet, past president Georgia Federation of Women's (Miss) Sarah Ruth Frazier. Tenn~>ssee representative League of Clubs, Atlanta, Ga.

AmE'rican P~> o Women; pt·esident GPnPral A. P. Stewart Chapter, United Mrs. Lindsey S. Arington, president Georgia Equal Suffrage Party Daughters of the Confederacy, Chattanooga, Tenn. AuguRta, Ga. '

Theodora Peck, author, Burlington, Vt. Emily C. McDougald, chairman Georgia War Work Council of Young Lura E. Brown Smith . 11uthor; journalist; Wa shington representative Women's Christian Association, Atlanta, Ga.

Laa~e of American Pf' 'l WomPn, Seattle, Wash. 1\Irs. W. B. Higginbotbem, president Woman's Missionary Society Zona Gale, author. Pot·tage, Wis. North Georgia Conference, Methodist Church South, West Point. Ga_ ' l\fary A. P. Stansbury, author, Appleton. Wis. Mrs. Lella A. Dillard. president Georgia Woman's Christian Temper-Vivia A. B. HendPrsori (Mrs. Harry B.). Wyoming representative ance Union, Oxford, Ga.

League of American Pen Women, Cheyec Ie, Wyo. 1\Irs. W. J. Neel, president Woman's Baptist Union of Georgia, Carters-STATE OFFICERS' ORGANIZ_\TIQ:\S AND COMMITTEES. ville, Ga.

Mrs. A. McD. Wilson, honorary president Young Woman's Christian [The signatures that follow represent the individual and not the Association. Atlanta, Ga.

organization.] Mrs. P. W. Godfrey, former State regent Daughters American Revo· (Mrs.) J. Morgan Smith, president Colonial Dames of Alabama, Bir- lution, Covington, Ga.

mingham, Ala. . (Mrs.) Mary Latimer McLendon, president Georgia Woman's Suffrage Ellen Peters Bryce, former president Colonial Dames, Tu . .scaloosat Ala. As, ociation, Atlanta, Ga. Maude Mciver Houndtree (Mrs. J. A. IL). president Alabama Division, Mrs. James Jackson, former president and life director of Georgia

United Danghters of the Confederacy, Birmingham, Ala. ·- . Federation of Women's Clubs, Atlanta. Ga. (Mrs.) Annie K. Weisel, State president Woman's Christian Tern- (Mrs.) Nanna Crozier Wood, president Georgia Christian Woman's

perance Union, Birmingham, Ala. Board of Missions, Winder, Ga. . · (Mrs.) Cornelia Templeton Hatcher, president Alaska Woman's Mrs. Herbert Mitchell Franklin, president Georgia Division, United

Christian Temperance Union, Juneau, Alaska. Daughters of the Confederacy, Tennille, Ga. (Mrs.) H~>nry A. Morgan, president Arizona Federation Women's Mrs. A. W. Van Hoose, State chairman woman's committee, Council

Clubs, Willcox, Ariz. of National Defense; chairman Civil Service Reform, Geot·gia F edera-(Mrs.) George Day, president Arizona Christian Woman's Board of tion of Women's Clubs, Rome, Ga.

Missions, Phoenix, Ariz. · ::\Irs. Albert P. Wood, president Georgia Woman's Relief Corps, .At-(Mrs.) Imogen La Chance, State president Woman'~; Christian Tern- lanta, Ga.

perance Union, Phoenix, Ariz. . Mrs. John K. Mciver. president Georgia Woman's Auxiliary to noaru Kate E. Dowdle Davis (Mrs. S. P.), State regent National Society of Missions, Methodist Episcopal Church, Savannah, Ga.

Daughters of the Americ..'ln Revolution, Little Rock, Arlc Jennie A. Spain (Mrs. A. H.), vice chairman woman's committee, (Mrs.) Minnie U. Fuller, State president Woman's Christian Temper- Council of National Defense, Atlanta, Ga.

ance Union, Magazine, Ark. I Mrs. Archibald Davis, president Geot·gia Synodical Auxiliary: pr.esl-Mrs. Mary McHenry Keith, president California Equal Suffrage Asso- {lent Atlanta Young Woman's Christian Association; treasurer Ellen

elation, Berkeley, Cal. Wilson Memorial, Atlanta, Ga.

LVI--'180

J • r• · · . · ' · CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-'SENATE.

,,

2978 Emily R. Brown (!\irs. n. F.), president Georgia branch, the King's

Daughters and Sons, Augusta, Ga~ Mr . J~fferson Davis, chairman public health, Georgia Federation of

Women's Clubs. Toccoa, Ga. Mrs. Lula Wisdom, worthy grand matron, Order . En.stern Star <>f

Georgia, Shipley, Ga. 1\la.ry Atherton Richards, president Woman's Board of llissions for

the Pt:tcific Islands. Eionolulu, Hawaii. Mr . Mary S . Whitney, president Hawaii Woman's Christian Temper­

ance Union. Honolulu, Hawaii. Mary BJ. Alexander (Mrs. A. C.), chairman woman's committee, Terri­

torial Food Commission ; cbalrman Food Administration Committee, woman's committee, Council of National Defcn e, Honolulu, Hawaii.

Kate W. Forbes (Mrs. W. J.), president Honolulu College Ciub Branch .Association Collegiate .Alumnae, Honolulu, Hawaii.

Mrs. J. K. Dickie, State president Congress of Mothers and Parent-Teachers' As ociation, Boise. Idaho. .

.Alice Jean SwePley (1\Irs. M. J.), president Idaho Federation Women's Clubs, Boise, Idaho.

Mrs. Charles W. Pursell, State regent National Society Daughters Ame-rican Revolution, Boise, Idaho.

Mrs. Mabel L McCrea. president North Idaho Woman's Christian Tem­perance Union, Sandpoint, Idaho.

l'Irs . .Annetta R. Chipp, president South Idaho Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Boise, Idaho.

Gertrude L. Hays (Mrs. S. H.), State chairman woman's committee, Council of National Defense, Boise, Idaho.

Anna S. Kirby, State commander Ladies of the Maccabees. Decatur, Ill. Jessie I. Spofford, president Illinois Federation of Women's Clubs,

Rockford, Ill. · . .Anne M. Bahnsen (Mrs. Frank W.) , . State regent National Society

Dau~hters .Anwrican Revoltltion, Rock Island, Til. "ina M. Williamson, pre ident Woman's Presbyterian Board ot Mis­

sions of tbe Northwest, Chicago, lll. Mrs. Virginia C. McClure, former national president Ladies of the

Grand Army of the Republic, Peoria, Ill. Mrs. IIelen L. Hood, president illinois Woman's Christian Temperance

Union. Chicazo, Ill. Catherine Waugh McCulloch, lawyer; president Suffrage Amendment

Alliance; first woman in United States appointed master in chancery, Chica~o. Ill. ·

Louise de Koven nowen, president Juvenile Protective .Association of Chicago; chairman woman's committee, Council of National Defense, Chicago, Ill.

Mrs. E. l\I. Henderson, president Indiana Woman's Board of Foreign Mis ions. Lebanon, Ind.

Mrs. H<>nry A. Beck, State regent Daughters American Revolution. Indiannpolis, Iud.

Anna Dunn Noland, president Indiana Equal Suffrage .Association, Logansport, Ind.

Marie Stuart Edwards (Mrs. Richard E.), president Woman's Fran­chise League of Indiana, Peru, Ind.

1\Irs. Felix T. McWhirter, president Legislative Council of Indiana Women Indianapolis, Ind.

hlr:::. 'Culla Vayhin~er, preshlent Indiana ·woman's Christian Temper­ance Union, Upland, Ind.

Mrs. Francis E. Whitley; president Iowa Federation of Women's Clubs; State chait·man woman's committee, Council of National De­fense, ,Webster Cit~, Iowa.

.Anna B. Lawther, president Iowa Equal Suffrage .Association, Du­buqu<', Iowa.

Lum E. Borger, depa1·tment president Iowa Woman's Relief Corps, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. · ' .

l\Irs. Dixie Cornell Gebhardt, State regent National Society Daughters Amerkan Revolution, Knoxville, Iowa.

Mrs. Ida B Wise Smith, presid~nt Iowa Woman's Christian Temper­ance Union, Cedar Rapids. Iowa.

Mrs. H. 0. Garvey, president Kansas Federation of Women's, Clubs, Topeka, Kans.

Jane l\1. Brooks, president Kansas Equal Suffrage .Association, Wichita, lrans.

.:\it". J. F. Boeye, president Topeka Branch, Woman's Foreign Mis­sionary Society, Topeka. Kans.

Virginia McAfee Nelli (Mrs. De Witte C.), president Native Daugh­ters of Kansas, Topeka, Kans.

!\lr. . D. ~·. Mulvane, State chairman woman's committee, Council of National Defense, Topeka, Kans.

Mrs. S. L. Wilson vice president Kansas Christian Women's Board 10f Missions, Topeka Kans. · •

Mrs. Robert W. Ramsey, president West Central District Woman's American Bapti.~t ForPign Missionary Society, Atchison. Kans.

Linna Bressette, member Board State Welfare Committee, Topeka, Kans. .

~Irs. Lillian 1\I. 1\Iitehner, p.resident Kansas Woman's Christian Tern~

pe1~~;.e J~~i~~r&l~~i~h~;;n~an Kansas State Board of Review of Motion Pictm·es, Kansas City, Kans.

Mrs. H . J. Hills, vice president Kentucky Federation of Women's

Chtt~~i~a~~cXfcie~Jin, chairman EleTenth District Equal Rights Asso~ elation. Middleboro, Ky.

Madeline McDowell Breckenridge (Mrs. Desha) , lecturer ; former presid~nt Kentucky Equal Rights .Association, Lexington, Ky.

'ellie A. Cammaclt (Mrs. J. W.), war-relief chairman American Red Cross; first vice chairman woman's committee, Council of National De­fense, Ow~nton, Ky.

Mrs. John Gay, president Kentucky Christian Woman's Board of Mis­sions, Versailles, Ky.

Mrs. Frances E. Beauchamp, State president Woman's Christian Tem­perance Union. Lexington. Ky.

1\frs. Frank P. Lowry, chairman art department, Federation of Women'd Clubs, Paris, Ky.

Cora Wilson Stewart, president Kentucky Dliteracy Commission_; sup~>rintendent midnight schools. Frankfort, Ky.

Mrs . .Anna Stebbins, president Kentucky Woman's Relief Corps, Cov­ington, Ky.

Elise B. Smith (1\Irs. Thomas Jefferson), former recording secretary National American Woman Suffrage Association. Louisville, Ky.

1\IrR. Luther C. Willi , State chairman legislative department, Federa­tion Women's Clubs, ShPlbyville, Ky.

~rrs. Adelaide .A. Whiteside, campaign chairman Kentucky State Suln:age .Association, Louisville, Ky.

l\iARCII 4,

Miss Belle H Bennett, president Woman's Missionary Council, Metho­dist Church, Richmon<l, Ky.

Christine BratJley South, president Kentucky Equal Rights .Assocla~ tion. ll'rankfort. Ky.

Mr!>. H. L. Cockerhan, State president Methodist Missionary Society, Wilmore, Ky.

Mary ~cDowcll Lowndes (Mrs. Richard Lasker, jr.), president Ken­tucky Federation of Women's Clubs; vice chairman woman's. commit­tee, Couilcil of National Defense, Danvllle, Ky.

Minnie Parker Durham, corresponding secretary Federation of Women's Clubs, Kentucky.

Martina Grubbs lliker (Mrs. Laton), general fe<leration secretary, Kentucky \vomen's Clubs, Harrodsburg, Ky.

Mrs. HelPn Bender, Slate chairman woman's committee, Council of National Defense, Louisville Ky. ·

Caroline Apperson IA!eeh · (1\lrs. James .A.), State director Kentucky Federation of W omen's Clubs, Louisville, Ky.

Kate L. Burns (Mrs. IIenry D.), presi<lent Louisiana Colonial Dames, New Orleans, La. ·

Jean M. Gordon, preside,nt Louisiana Equal Suffrage .Association, New Orlean , La.

Mrs . .Alice C. McKinney, State president Woman's Christian Tcmper­anre Union. Ruston, Ln.

Mrs. Brown Funk, State president Christian Woman's Board of Mis­sions, Jennings, La.

'J.' innie A . 1J. Lbapm:m (Mrs. Wilford Gore), State regent Daughters of tllc American Revolution. Portland, Me.

Mr . H. B. Pulsifer, pr si<lent Maine Division, International Sunshine Society, Auburn, Me.

Mabel Conner, president Maine Woman's Suffrage .As ociatlon • .Au-gusta, Me. . .

Maud C. KPnuall (Mrs. N. W.), department president Woman's Relief C.orps, Bi!.ld{'ford, 1\Ie.

Sarah RidPont .Abbott (Mrs. Frederick P.), State chairman woman's committee. Council of ~ "atlonaJ Defense, Sa co, 1\Ie. -

Mrs. GraC'P A. Winl!. formPT prP!"irlPnt M:1inP FNle-rntlon of WomPn's Clubs; member State Board of Charities and Corrections, Auburn 1\Ie.

Mrs. .Althea G. Quimby, State president Woman's Christian Temper­ance nion, North Turner, Me.

l\I!ideleine M. Ellicott (Mrs .. C. E.), president Equal Suffrage League; president Playgt·ound .Associatwn, Melvale, ·Md.

Mrs. l\Iary R. Hae:Iup, State president Woman's Cht'istian Tempertlllcc Union, Baltimore, Md.

Mrs. Charles H. Daniels, president Woman's Board of Missions, Con­gregational Church, Boston, .Mass.

.Alice Stone Blackwell, president Massachusetts '\\"oman Suffra"'e .Association; editor, Dorchester, Mass. ..

Mrs. R. W. Robinson, president New England Christian Woman's Board of Missions, Worcestet·, Mass.

S. Anna Stark'\veather, department president Woman's Relief Corps, Pittsfield, Mass.

Mrs. J. Harry Poole, corresponding secretary Massachusetts Federa­tion of Women's Clubs, Brockton, Mass.

Mattie C. Crawford, president "ew England District Wom:m's Ameri-can Foreign Missionary Society, Watertown, Mass. •

Annie C. Ellison (Mrs. F. D.), State regent National Society, Daugh­ters of the Am<>rican Revolution, Belmont, Mass.

Alice B. Cook (Mrs. Frank Gaylord), vice president Woman's Board of Missions, Cambridge, l\lass.

Mrs. lrat!w.rine Lent Stevenson, State president Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Boston, Mass.

Mrs. William Henry Wait, State regent Daughters of the American Revolution, Ann .Arbor, Mich. .

Florence I. Bulson, president Michigan Federation o.f Women's Clubs, Jackson, Mich.

Caroline Bart!ett Crane, ·State chairman woman's committee, Council of National Defense, Kalamazoo, Mich.

Edith C. Munger, president Mlchi&"an .Aubudon Society, Hart, Mich. Mrs. Frederick '.r. Ramsey, presiaent Michigan Colonial Dames, De­

troit, Mkh. Maude Holmes, department president Woman's R elief Corps, Eaton

Rapids, l\Iich. · Nellie Sawyer Cla.rk (Mrs. 0. H.), president Michigan Suffrage As o­

ciation, Kalamazoo, llich. Mrs. Harriet C. Jennings, president Michigan Christian Woman's

Board of Missions, Ann .Arbor, Mich. 1\lrs. E. L. Calkins, State. president Women's Christian Temperance

Union. Ypsilanti, Mich. Mrs. Frank B. Morgan, president :Minnesota Dames of Loyal Legion,

Minneapolis. Minn . • · .Alcinua .Auten Pine, president llinnesota Medical Woman's .Associa­

tion, St. Paul, !\linn. Mrs . .Andreas Ettland, president Minnesota Suffrage Association, Min~

neapolis, Minn. · Alice Ames Winter, chairman woman's committee Minnesota Commis­

sion of Public Safety. Minneapolis, Minn. Miss Rozette Hendrix, State president Woman's Christian Temperance

Union, MinnPapolis, Minn. Mrs. W. U. Smith, president Minnesota Christian Woman's Board of

Missions, St. Paul Minn. Lavinia C. Gilfillan (Mrs. J. B.), official representative Minnesota

Council of National Defense, 1\IinnPa.polis, Minn. Agnes L. Peterson, superintendent bureau of women and children,

Minnesota Df'partment of Labor and Industries, St. Paul, Minn. · Irs. H. P. Hughes, president Mississippi Mothers' Congress and Parent-Teacher Association; chait·man cbilcl·w.Plfare dPpartment, woman's committee, Council of National Defense, Missi sippi.

Mrs. J. Turner Saunders, president Mississippi Federation of Women's Club~ . Swan Lnke, Ml .

Emily Hyer Price (:Mrs. ;r. H.), former State president Unitcu Daugh­ters of the Confederacy, Magnolia. Mis .

Marjorie C. IcGebee (Mrs. Edward), president 1\Il,.c;sissippl Suffrage Association; director gpneral Federation of Women's Club. ; State chairman 'Voman's Committee Council of National Defeo e, Como. Miss.

Mrs. S. E. Stanley, State president Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Starkville, Miss.

Mrs. C. H. Alexander, chairman legislative committee, Federation of Women's Organizations, Jack on, Miss.

Catherine I. Bush ·(l\Irs. ll. F.), St. Louis, Io. llell!n Guthrie Miller (Mrs. Walter McNab), president Missouri Equal

Suffrage Association, Columbia, 1\lo. Mrs. Ardella Dockery Still (Mrs. George), president Missouri Federa- ·

tion of Women's Clubs, Kirksville, Mo.

1918. CO_.._ TGRESSIOJ. T i\.L RECORD-SEN ATE. 2979 .Alire Mac Armstrong, department president ·woman's Relief Corps,

Kansas City, Mo. Mrs. Nei!P U. Bur~cr, State president Woman's Christian Temper­

ance nlon. Cla rk, l\Io. Mrs. Emily Newell Blair, vice president Missouri Equal Suffrage As·

sociation, Carthage, Mo. Katharyn Perham (Mrs. W. T. ), president Montana Federation of

Wompn's Clubs, (aendlve, 1\lont. Eleanor ~. Coit. ehairman Montana Good Government Central Com­

mlttE'e, niti Tim!Jer, Mont. Mrs. Tylar B. Thompson, Stat<' chairman woman's committee, Coun­

cil of National D~>f<>nse, Missoula, Mont. Emma M. Blackbul'D OUrs. C. A.), State regent Daughters American

Revolution, Butte, Mont. MrR. M. W . .Alder!:'on, State president Woman's Christian Temper­

DDC'e Union. llozernan. Mont. Harrif't P. W. Smlth (.llrs. Arthur C.), president Nebraska Colonial

DamE's, Omaha, Nebr. . . · Irs. J. N. Paul, president Nebraska Federation of Women's Clubs,

St. Paul, Nebr. . Cora E. Henry, g-eneral secretary Nebraska Christian Woman•s· Board

of i\lh-slons. Lincoln. Nebr. Sarah D. Rf'uling, president Nebraska Grand Chapter, P. E. 0. Sister­

hood Weymore, l'o.f'br. M1·s. S. I. Hanford. presldE'nt Nebraska Congregational Woman's .Mis·

EJionary ~odPty. Lincoln . .1'\ebr. Mrs. R. J. McKf'nzie. State presldE'nt Woman's Home Missionary So­

ciety, Mf'thodis t Episcopal Church, Carroll. Nebr. !\Irs. L. D. :::>prillger, president State Baptist Woman's Work, Lincoln,

Nebr. Mrs. Jam~s B. Cutter, president Nebraska Synodical Society, Florence,

N<'l,r. . Jt·nnie M. Rodgers, president Department Woman's Relief Corps, Gib-

bon . Nebr. . !\Irs. Iona l\'aylor, president Rebecca State Assembly, 9hadr·on, Nebr. Mrs. Mami~> ~I. Claflin, State president Woman's Christian Temper­

an<"<' Union. Univ<'rsity Place, N~>hr. l\Iayme Hf'<lrkk ClPaver, grand cbiE'f of honor, Degree of Honor;

nat!on}ll ti'NIHlll'f'l' Degree of Honor, Lincoln, !lipbr. Nora R. Ki1lrlf'r . . f'ltate president Royal NPig-hbors, Fremont, Nebr. Louise Spf'n r·pr Ellis (l\Irs. l'E'arso.n Bucknf'r}, president Nevada

Ff•deration of Womf'n's Clubs, Carson City, Nev. ~Irs. ChariE'l" ~ilvey Sprague, State regent Daughters American Revo­

lution, Gol<lfir>l<l. Nev. l\Irs. Nora R. Linville, State president Woman's Christian Temperance

Union. Sparks, Nev. . FrlllleE's P. DudiE'y (Mr . A. T.), president Anti-Suffrage Association,

Exeter, N. H . .1'\ancy V. Curtice, K. N., State president Graduate Nurses' Associa­

tion. Concord. N. H. . Mrs. N~>tttf' M. C. White, department president Woman's Relief Corps, Ravmond. N. II. -

.tPnnlf' ~lahPI n.>Merritt. former president New Hampshire ·Federation of Womt>n's Cluhs, Dover, N. H.

~rary I. Woorl. ~tate chairman woman's committee, Council of Na-tional DefPn~f'. Portsmouth, N. H. ·

~usan C. nnnt·roft (Mrs. C. P.) ,. woman's -committee, Council of' Na­tional DPff'n'-'f'; former president New Hampshire Federation of Women's Clubs. Con •·ortl, :N. H.

Ltlism Carpf'ntPr Streeter (Mrs. Frank S.}, member Board of St~te Charitif's. Conl'ord. N. H.

Mary N. Chase, secretary New Hampshire Peace Society, AndoveJ.t, N.H. ·

Nf'lli£> F. Woorlward, former president New Hampshire Federation of WomPn's Cluhs. Nashua, N. B.

Mrs. A. Lizztf' f:argent, dPpartment president Ladles of the Grand .Army of th<> RPpusllc, Coneord. N. H.

~rnrtha R. Kimball. president New Hampshire Equal Suffrage Asso-ciation, Portsmouth. -N. H. ·

l\Iary 1\f. Rtbley. chairman Forestry Department, Federation of Women's Clubs. Nt>wport, N. H.

.Mrs. Ellen R Ri chardson. State prestdent Woman's Christian Tem­perancE' Union. C'oncord N. H.

Lillian F. FierkPrt (~Irs. E. F.), president New Jersey Woman Suf­fra~P • s~of'iatlon DunellPn, N. J.

Emmn L. Vnn Winklf' (Mrs. Daniel), chatrm:m civics department, New JE'rSf'Y Ff'deratton of Women's Clubs. Jer E'Y City, N. J.

M<tP Thomp!';on Simister (Mrr;. James),, chairman industrial and social ,,,., ,lltions, New Jersey Federation of Women's Clubs, Upper Montclair, N.J. . ,

h.ll7.llhPth Nicklaus, State chairman Home Makf'rs' Association i chair­man SpPakers' Bureau, Woman's Committee Council of National Defense, LlE'WPilyn Park, N .. T.

Mrs.. Beatrice Stern, chairman legislative department, New Jersey Ff'(lf'ration of Women's Clubs Matawan. N. J.

Sarah S. Paddof'k (Mrs . .f. R.l, president New Jersey Council for Patriotic Sf\rvice. East Orange, N. J.

Mat·y E. Lihh~>y (Mrs. William), president New Jersey Colonial Dames of America. PrincE'ton, . N. J.

Mr~. Harold H Buttenhelm, Statf' ,.bnirman Df'partment Child Wel­farP, Woman's Committf'e Council of National Defense, Madison, N. J.

Mrs. rJPnry £1. Dawson, former president Federation of . Women's Clubs, Newark, N. J.

Mrs. Robert H. Dodd, former president Mothers' Congress, Mont­clair, N. J.

Caroline C. Crease, department president Woman's Relief Corps, Jersey City, N. J

Agnes A. SC'hermerlJorn (Mrs. J. R.), president New Jersey Federa­tion of WomE'n's Clubs, Ea :ot Orange, N. J.

Llllian .J. Sto-ckton (Mrs. C. W.). State chairman Woman's Commit­tee Council of National DPfense, RidgPwood, N. J.

T. B. Downs (Mrs. William), president Parent-Te.aclier Association, Orange, N. J · · .

Miss Esther H. Elfreth. State president Woman's Christian Temper­perancE> Union, East Vaughn, N. MPx.

Miss Hurri<>t HPndf'rson. State president Woman's Christillll Tem-perance Union, East Vaughn, N. Mex. ·

Mrs. S. M. ARhE'nfE:>ItPr, State regPnt Daughters· oi: American Revo­lution, Silver City, N. Mex.

Katherin<> G. ITIIclr<>th (Mrs . .AibPrt H.). for01er president New York Fedf'ration of Women's Clubs, Syracuse, N. Y.

Mrs. ~illiam ·F. Gurley, prel'lidcnt Woman's Amf'rican Baptist Foreign Missionary Society, Troy, N. Y.

Mrs. Ella A. Boote, vice president National Woman's Christian Tem­perance Union; State president Woman's Christian Temp. ranee Union, Brooklyn N. Y.

Anna C. Brown (Mrs. William Grant), State chairman Woman's Com­mittee Connell of National Defense, Nf'w York City, N. Y.

Miss Alice M. Davison, president Woman's Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church, New York City N. Y.

Mrs. Wesley M. Jones, president Woman's Missionary Union. Ru.leigh, N.C.

Laura Holmes Reilley (Mrs. Eugene), State chairman Woman's Com· mittee Council of National Defense. Charlette, N. C.

Bertha Orndorff (Mrs. A. C.), State presldpnt North Carolina De· partment National Federation of Music Clubs Charlotte. N. C.

.Mrs. W. B. Ramsey, president North Carolina Synodical Auxiliary, Hickory, N. C.

Mrs. John S. Cunningham, president North Carolina Equal Suffrage Association, Durham, N. C. .

Margaret C. D Burgoyn, president North Carolina Branch lnterna· tional Order of King's Daughters and Sons, Raleigh N. C.

Jackie Daniel Thrash, president North Carolina United Daughters of Confederacy, Tarboro, N. C

Mrs. Adelaide Goodno, State president Woman's Christian Temper· ance Union. Raleigh, N. C.

Mrs. Lucy H. Robinson, president Woman's Missionary Society, Metho· dist Western Confert>nce, Greensboro, N. C.

Mrs. H. G. Vick, president North Dakota Federation of Women's Club , Cavalier, N. Dak.

. Mrs. Grace Clendening, president Votes for Women League, Wimble­don . N. Dak.

Mrs. Elizabeth Preston Anderson, recording secretary National Wo­man's Christian Temperance Union; State president Woman's Chris· tian Temperance Union, Fargo, N. Dak.

Maria Pattee, department president Woman's Relief Corps, Devils Lake, ~. Dak.

Mrs. F. A. Cramer, president Ohio Christian Woman's Board of Mis-sions, Cleveland, OhiO. .

Eva Gould Harris (Mrs. Edward L.), State regent Daughters of Amer­ican Revolution, Cleveland, Ohio.

Mary T. Beaver (Mrs. F. P.), president Central District Woman's Amerkan Bapti!';t Foreign Missionary Society, Dayton, Ohio.

Mrs. George Zimmerman, State chairman Woman's Committee Coun· cil of National Defense, Fremont, Ohio.

Harl'if't Taylor Upton, president Ohio Woman Suffrage Association, Warren, Ohio.

1\Irs .. FlorPnce D. Richard, State president Woman's Christian Tf'm·­perance Union. Columbus. Ohio.

Mrs. Mary J. Watson, department president Woman's Relief Corps, Dayton. Ohio.

Mrs. Eubene B. Lawson, State chairman Woman's Committee Council of National Defen~E'. Nowata, Okla.

M•·s. Walter De Witt Elrod, State regent Daughters of American RE'VO· Iutton, Okmulgee, Okla.

Frances F. Thread~ill (Mrs. John), past presidE'nt Oklahoma FE'der-ation of Women's Cluns, Oklahoma City, Okla. ·

Mrs Abbie R. Hillf'rman, State president Woman's Christian Temper-ance Union, Sapulpa Okla. ·

Mrs. Charles n . Castnf'r, president Oregon FPderatfon of Women's Clubs; State chairman Woman's Committee Council of National De­fense, Hood River, Oreg.

Mrs. James A Bennett. president Oregon Christian Woman's Board of Missions, ~ilverton, OrE:>g.

Mrs. Jennie M. KE'mp, State president Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Portland, OrEg.

Lucy KE'nnedy Miller (Mrs. John .0.), president Pennsylvania Woman Suffrage Association, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Mrs. Ella M. George. StatE' president Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Beaver Faits, Pa. .

Mary R. Teltsworth, deputy grand commander Ladies of the Macca­bees, Philadelphia. Pa.

Mrs. Anthony Wayne Cook, State regent Daughters of Amf'l'iran Rev­olution. Cooksburg, Pa .

.Mrs. William Loeb, president Rhode Island Council of Jf'wish Women, Providence, R. I.

l\Irs. Sarah .M. Algeo, chairman Rhode Island Woman Suffrage Party; chairman State Americanization Committee, National Amerkan Woman Suffrage .Association, Providence, R. I .

Bertha .A Bissf'll (Mrs. HoracE:> G.), president Rhode Island Federa­tion of Women's Clubs, East Greenwich, R. I.

Elizabf'th H. Sturges (Mrs. Rush), StatE' chnirman Woman's Cum· mittee Council of National DPfE'nsf', Providf'nce, R. I.

Gertrude S. Husbrourlt (Mrs. Ira D.), former president Rhode Island Federation of Women's Clubs, Washington, R. I.

Lulu Fowler (Mrs. George H.), former presid<>nt Rhode Ir-land FPdE'X· ation of Women's Clubs; member Rhode Island l<'ood Conservation Com­mittee; president Young Woman's Christian Association. Pawtucket. R. I.

Hattie 1\1. Tburbex, df'partment president Rhode Island Woman's Re­lief Corps, Pawtucket. R . I.

Miss Elizabeth Upham Yates, former president Rhode Island Suffrage A ·sodation, Providence, R. I. . · Sophie L. Lu!<tig (Mrs. Alfred L.), former president Rhode Island

IIousewives' League, Providence, R. I . Mrs. Jennie L. W. Rooke. State president Woman's Christian Tem­

perance Union, East Providence, R. I. Annie Howes Barus (Mrs. Carl), State chairman Child Labor Com­

mittee, ProvidE'nce, R. I Alice W. Hunt, president Rhode Island Consume·rs' League, Provi­

dence, R. I. Mrs. F. L. MayE:>s. State chairman Woman's Committee Council of

National Defense, Greenville, S. C. R Cora Brunson, president South Carolina Christian Woman's

Board of Missions, Holly Hill, S. C Mrs. J. L. Coker, jr., president South Carolina Fedl"ratlon of Women's

Clubs. Hartsville, S. C. l\irs. Joseph Sprott, State president Woman's Christian Temperance

Union, Manning. S. C. Mrs. Zillah E . Wilson, State director South Dakota and member

Executive Board of General FE:>deration of Women's Clubs, Abl.'rdeen, S.Dak.

Mrs. A. N. Aldrich, presfr1f'nt South. Dakota Christian Wuman's Board of Missions, Aberdeen, S. Dak. . .

Helf'n S. Peabody, State chairman Woman's Committee Council of National Defense, Sioux Fulls, S. Dak.

co·N GRESSION AL RECORD-SEN ATE. l\_J:ARCH 4,

Mr·s. Anna R. Simmon , State president Woman's Christian Temper­nne Union. FnuJkton, S. D::tk.

Lizzie Dickey Laughlin, department president Woman's Relief Corps, Pierre, S. Dak. ·

Gertrude B. Gundf>r on, president South Dakota Federation of Wo­men's Clubs, Vc ·milion, S. Dalt.

Anne Dallas Dudley (Mr . Gilford), president Tennessee Equal Suf­frage Association, Nashvilc, Tenn.

Laura Lee Sharp Polk (Mrs. Thomas), State regent Daughters of American Revolution, Jackson, Tenn.

Mrs. N. L. Carney, president Tennessee Christian Woman's Board of Missions, Cia1·ksville, Tenn.

Mrs. Mary. Phillips Ban~ State president Woman's Christian Tem­perance Union, Nashville. Tenn.

l\linnie Fisher Cunningham, president Texas Equal Suffrage Associa­tion, Galveston; Tex.

1\Irs. W. W. Woodson, president Texas Women Bankers' Association, Waco, Tex.

Mrs. Elizabeth H. Potter,. third vice president Texas Equal Suffrage As ociation, Tyler, Tex. ·

l\lrs. l\1. Ele'lnor Brackenridge, honorary president Texas Equal Suffrage Association, Sun Antonio, Tex.

l\lrs. E. ·A. Watters, president Texas Congress of Mothers and Parent­Teacher As ociation, Fort Worth, Tex.

Estelle B. Sharp (Mrs. W. B.). State chairman National L-eague for Woman's Serv1ce, Douston, Tex. ·

Mrs. Rebecca J. Fisher, president Texas Daughters of the Republic, Austin, Tex.

Mr . Laura B. Ilart, past most worthy grand matron Order Eastern Star, San Antonio, Tex.

1\Irs. J'ames Lowry Smith, State regent Daughters American Revo­lution, Amurlllo, Tex. . Mrs. Edward B. Frysinger, president Texas Branch Int_ernational King's Daughters and Sons. Cleburne, Tex.

Mrs. Nannic Webb Curtis, State president Woman's Christian Tem­perance Union, Waco, Tex .

.1\Irs. Edward Bichsel, president Utah Federation of Women's Clubs, Ogden, Utah.

l\lts. W. W. Williams, State chairman Woman's Committee Council o! National Defense. Salt Lake City, Utah.

1\Irs. C. A. Walker, • tate president Woman's Chl'lstlan Temperance Union, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Nannle' v. Owen, department president Woman's Relief Corps, Ogden,

• Uti\~ en Norris Cummings, general federation State secretary Virginia Women's Clubs, Alexandria, Va.

Likt Meade ValPntine (1\Irs. B. B.), president Virginia "Suffrage As­sociation, Richmond, Va.

Irs. s. W. Jamison, former State regent Daughters American Revo­lution, Norfolk, Va.

Sara H. Hoge (Mrs. Howard M.), assistant recording secretary, Na­tional Woman's Christian Temperance Union; State president Woman's Chri ·tian Temperance Union, Lincoln, Vt.

Martha T. Buckham, president Vermont Woman's Board of Foreign Mis ions, Burlington, Vt.

Mrs. John A. Mead, president Vermont Colonial Dames of America, Rutland, Vt.

Isabel Reynolds Marsh, State regent Daughters American Revolu-tion, Brandon. Vt. .

Mrs. J. E. Weeks, State chairman woman's committee, Council of Na­tional Defense, 1\liddlebory, Vt.

Mary B. Coan, vice president Vermont Parent-Teacher ·Association, Rutland, Vt.

1\Irs. Henry A. Harman, president Vermont Branch National Congress of Mothers, Rutland, Vt

Mrs. Minnie L. Pearson, State president Woman's Christian Temper-ance Union, Orleans, Vt. .

1\Irs. Martha A. Stoddard, grand matron Vermont Chapter, Order Eastern Star Charlotte, Vt.

Nellie C. &owley, Department Vermont Woman's Relief Corps, Rut­ami, Vt.

Mary D. Hickman Price, president Washington Colonial Dames of America, Seattle, Wash.

Mrs. Solon Shedd, former State president Federation of Women's Clubs, Pullman, Wash.

1\lrs. Lottie P. Shotwell, president West Washington Woman's Mis­sionary Society, Christian Church, Seattle, Wash.

Mrs. N. L. McCready, president Washington State Federation of Women's Clubs, Olympia, Wash.

Ruth Karr McKee, former State president Fedemtion of Women's Clubs, Hoquiam, Wash.

l\lrs. Carrie M. Barr, State president East Washington Woman's Christian Temperance Union North Yakima, Wash.

Mrs. Han·iet B. Dunlap, State president West Washington Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Seattle, Wash.

Mary Isabel McRae, State commander Ladies' Maccabees, Olympia, Wash. •

Mrs. Kate Carlin, department president Woman's Relief Corps, Spokane,· Wash.

Mary M. De Bolt . (Mrs. George), State president Federation of Women's Clubs, Fairmont, W. Va.

Julia W. Ruhl, president West Virginia Equal Suffrage Association, Clarksburg, W. Va.

Lenna Lowe Yost (Mrs. Ellis A.), State president Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Morgantown, W. Va.

Mrs. Kittle E. Moore, State supervising deputy Ladies of the Macca-bees, West Virginia. ,

Mrs. D. 0. Kinsman, former State president Fed·eration Women's Clull , Appleton, Wis.

Mrs. J. C. Thorman, president Wisconsin Woman's Board of Missions, Green Bay, Wis.

Leliie B. Harvey (Mrs. L. D.), State president Federation Women's Clubs, Menominee, Wis.

Mrs. John Faville, president Wisconsin Woman's Home Missionary Union Congregational Church, Appleton, Wis.

Mrs. John Burne, State regent Daughters American Revolution, Milwaul<ee, Wis.

Mrs. W. A. Lawson, State president Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Milwaukee. Wis.

Mrs. R. A. Morton, president Wyoming Federation Women's Clubs, Cheyenne, Wyo.

Mrs. Edward Gillette, president Wyoming Colonial Dames of America, Sheridan, Wyo.

Mrs. Anna Allison, State pre Went Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Cheyenne, ·wyo.

Mis~ Winifred D. Stuart, deputy commissioner public lands for Wyommg, Cheyenne, Wyo.

Cornella n. Mills, secretary State Bonru of Charities and Reform Cheyenne, Wyo. '

Mrs. L. B. Bush, State factory inspector, Montgomery, Ala. Mrs. Thomas W. Palmer, wife of president Alabama School for

Girls, Montevallo, Ala. . Miss Ethel. Moore, vice president southern Pacific section, Associa­

tion of Collegtate Alumnm, Oakland, Cal. Mrs. Alice Stebbins Wells, president International Association

Policewomen, first policewoman, Lo Angeles Cal. Helen Wooster Peckham, Berkeley, Cal. Mrs. William H. Crocker. San Franci co, Cal. Mrs. Annie E. K. Bidwell, philanthropist, Chico, Cal. Mrs. Luther Burbank, Santa_ Rosa. Cal. Margaret G. Hyatt (Mrs. Edward), deputy superintendent public

instruction, Sacramento. Cal. Dr. Mary Elizabeth Bates, second vice president Medical Women's

National Association; president Humane Education Society; Denver, Colo. .

?.Irs. Daisy Harrison Snyder, wife of president Fort Lewis School of Agriculture, Ilesperus, Colo.

Clara B. Kelley (Mrs. J. H.), wife of president State Normal School Gunnison, Colo. '

Carrie Richards Lory (Mrs. Charles A.), wife of president State Agricultural College, Fort Collins, Colo.

Clara Ruth 1\fozzor, assistant attorney general, Denver, Colo. Mrs. Fannie Shattuck Howe, wife of dean Denver University

Denver, Colo. ' Co~~s. J. G. Crabbe, wife of president State Teachers' College, Greeley,

Mrs. R. C. Newton, Woodbridge, Conn. Mrs. A. N. Farnham, Westville, Conn. Katharine Houghton H~pburn, memller national executive com­

mittee Woman's Party, Hartford, Conn. Mary H. Saul bury, sister of late United States Senator, Wilming­

ton, Del. Elizabeth Everett du Pont (Mrs. Victor), Guyencourt, Del. Florence Bayard Hilles (Mrs. W. S.). member national executive

committee Woman's Party, Wilmington, Del. Josephine du Pont (Mrs. Victor du Pont, sr.), Wilmington, Del. Lucy Madeira Wing (1\Irs. David L.). vice pre ident southern At­

lantic section, Association of Collegiate Alumnre, Washington, D. C. Mrs. Cato Sells, wife of United St~tes Commissioner Indian Affairs,

Washington, D. C. Mrs. Philander P. Claxton, wife of United States Commissioner of

Education, Washington. D. C. · Mrs. Kirk Munroe, club woman, Miami, Fla. Eloise M. HuJiey, wife of president Stetson University, De Land, Fla. Flora B. Brown, traveling teacher, Orlando, Fla. Mrs. James L. Dickey, jr., president Catholic Altar Society, At-

lanta, Ga. Mrs. W. L. Pickard, wife of president Mercer University, Macon, Ga. Bernie Sheffield Covington (Mrs. W. A.), Moultrie, Ga. Mrs. Lillian Kemp Malone (Mrs. J. W.), wife of president Andrew

College, Cuthbert, Ga. Mrs. Sam P. Jones, wife of evangelist, Cartersville, Ga. Mrs. L. G. Hardman, Commerce, Ga. Mrs. Seaborn Wright, Rome, Ga. Mary Harris Armor, Macon, Ga. Mrs. H. R. Slack, Lagrange, Ga. Mrs. W. R. Stubbs, Savannah, Ga. Mrs. Marvin MeT. Parks, wife of president Georgia Normal and -

Industrial College, MHledgeville, Ga. Mrs. Jere M. Pound, wife of president State Normal School,

Athens, Ga. Mrs. C. R. Jenkins, wife of president Wesleyan College, Macon, Ga. Mrs. W. L. Hopper, Honolulu, Hawaii. Mrs. C. E. Rose, Boise, Idaho. Ethel W. Cunniitgham (Mrs. R. D.), president' Evanston Political

Equality League, Evanston. Ill. · . Jane Addams, founder and head of Hull House, Chicago, Ill. Frances Pride Parks, corresponding secretary National Woman's

Christian Temperance Union, Evanston, lll. Margaret C. Munns, treasurer National Woman's Christian Temper·

ance Union, Evanston, Ill. Margaret Robins (Mrs. Raymond), president National Trade

Woman's League, Chicago, Ill. -Grace Abbott, Hull House, Chicago, Ill. Celia Parker Woolley, lecturer, Chicago, ill. Kathar1ne Puncheon Pomeroy, treasurer National Association Col­

legiate Alumnm, Chicago, Ill. Elizabeth A. Sweets, general secretary ·Young Woman's Christian As·

sociatlon, Indianapolis, Ind. Adelaide G. l\Iason (Mrs. W. N.), wife of former president Baker

University, Topeka, Kans. Mrs. G. A. Supple, president Good Government Club, Topeka, Kans. Mrs. 0. L. Moore, president The Woman's Club, Topeka, Kans. Mrs. D. Lee Curry, Harrodsburg, Ky. Mrs. V. 0. Gilbert, wife of State superintendent of education, Frank·

fort, Ky. Mrs. A. J. G. Wells, Lexington, Ky. Mrs. W. A. Frost, wife of president Berea College, Wingo, Ky. Mrs. Sarah E. Morse, Pineville, Ky. Mrs. Henry L. Stone, Louisville, Ky. Mr·s . Charles A. Hardin, wife of Commonwealth attorney, IIarrods-

liurg, Ky. Julia Washburn, M. D., Lexington, Ky. Mrs. Edwin P. Morrow, Somerset, Ky. Mrs. H. V. McChesney, Frankfort, Ky. . Rebecca Gordon Averell, president- Philanthropy Club, Frankfort, Ky. Mrs. J. El. Grubbs, Winchester, Ky. Mrs. S. M. Hubbard, Hickman1_ Ky. Mrs. W. W. Tinsley, Barbourville, I(y. Mrs. James M. Benton, Winchester, Ky. Alice Lloyd, chairman Food Conservation Campaign, Maysville, Ky. Mrs. Frank L. McVey, wife of president State university, Lexing-

ton, Ky. Alice Lewis (Mrs. William), London, Ky. Mrs. J. H. Gilliam, wife of. Commonwealth attorney, Scottsv:·ne., Ky. Mrs. Mary B. R. Day, Frankfort, Ky.

1918. 00.1::rGRESSION.A.L RECORD-SENATE.

Kate 1\f. Gordon, New Orlrans, La. FanniP R. Oordon. NPw OrlE-ans, Ln. Mrs. J. E. Kenny, Roston, La. 1\Irs. A. F. ~to1·m. Morgan City, La. Mrs. A. M. Mayo. LakP Charles, La. llPien Fr:yl' WbitP (Mrs. W. H.), daughter of late United States

Senator, Lewiston, Me. Eunice H. FryE' (Mrs. George C.), club woman, Portland, Me . • Julia D. Dow (Mr .. Frederick Neal), Portland, Me. HarriettE' Gray (Mrs. Carl R.), Roland Park, Md. Mrs. Wilfred T. Grenfell, wife of medical missionary to Labrador,

lloston, Mass. Miss E11Pn 1\I. ~ton<>. missionary to Europ<>an Turkey, Chelsea, Mass. Laura A. C. Hug-hes, former national president ~panish-American

Wa-r Nurses: mE>diral in~t>rtor, drpartment of health, Boston, l\Iass. Mary .Almira Rmith, M. D .• C'hairman committee, Women's Army Hos­

pitals in Home Zone of Medical Women's Nationa1 Association, Boston, Mass. ·

Emma B. Culbcrtson, M. D., Boston, ~~ass. Adeline A. Davidson (llrs. F. F.), vice president Review Club, .Auburn-

dale. Mass. • Gertrude Hallarlay L~>onard. lerturer. Brookline, Mass. Mrs. Austin C. We1llngton, president Daughters of the American Tie>o­

lution, Camhrld~e, Mass. Mrs. Emory l!' . Cha1!:'ee, vice president Ilar>ard Woman's ClulJ, Bel­

mor!t, 1\Iass. Ida Marion Chase Baker (Mrs. George Minot)," president Fathers and

Mothers' Club, Concord. Mass. Maud Wood Park, lPcturer; con~essionnl chairman National An?eri-

can Woman Ruffmg£> ARsoPiation, Boston, Mass. Lucia Am<>s Mead. IPctur~>r, Brookline, Mass. Rev. Ada C. BowiE's, Glouc!'f'ter, Mass. Mary llutehPson Page, presidl:'nt Equal Suffrage Association, Boston,

MasR. Mt·s. Kf'nyon L. Butt<>rflnld, wife of president Mas achusetts Agri­

cultural Coll!'ge, Amherst, Mass. Eliza '1Pth L. Clark (Airs. 8. F.), vir!' pr£>sident Nortb Atlantic Sec­

tion Asf'odR tlon Coll~>~n tt> 1- lnrnna>. Williarn~>tnwn. Mass. · Mary Thompson 8tev£>ns. 1\1. D .• .Dt>trolt. ?l.(kh. Mrs. Truman H. Newb£>rry, president Needlework Guild of America,

Detroit • .Mirh. Mrs. Samuel D1C'kie, wlfP of pr!'sidcnt .Albion College, Albion, Mich. 1\Iarv C. LE>f't (Mrs. Thomas). presi!lent CPntral District Woman's

American Baptist }l'ore1gn Mission ~ociPty. Detroit. Mich. Mrs. H .. J. Van Zalingen, C'hild-wPifar~> work. Muskegon, Mich. Cora E. Ketcham (Mrs. John) wife of master State Grange, Hastings,

Mlch. Mrs. Huntley Russell, Grand Rapids, Mirb. MargarPt U. FerguRon (Mrs. C. M.), club wol}lan, Minneapolis, Minn. Emily H. 'oyPs. p1·esldent St. Paul Young Women's Christian Asso-

ciation, St. Paul, Miun. Grace Swift Strong (Mrs . .A. W.), ehnirman hl~neapolis Division,

Public Raf• ty Commission, M1nneapoliR, Minn. Mabel W . ~ron1! (Mrs. C. E.). Duluth, Minn. Mrs. Gt>orgP ll. PatridJ;e, Mlnnr-apolls, Minn. Edith G. JPvo (Mrs. C. H.). wife of surgeon. Rochester, Minn. Mrs. J. L. Washburn: club woman. Duluth. Minn. Mrs. N. H. W inC'h£>11, Minneapoll , Minn. 1\lrs. W. H. Rmltb, wife of president .Agricultural and Mechanical

Coll~>ge, Misslsffi'ppi. Mrs. W. n. Ft·azer, WifE' of prE>sidPnt B£>lhaven Coll£>ge, Jackson, Miss. Daisy l\IrLanrln RtPvPDR. member Naval Commission on Training

Activitil's, 0 a tti esburg. Miss. Stella C. Rtimson (Mrs. S. C.), club woman, Terre Haute, Ind. Mrs. Philip N. Moore, president National Council of Women, St.

Louis, Mo. Mary Fl. MPLean. l\1. D .. third viee president Medical Woman's Na­

tional Ai-socla tlon. Rt Louis, Mo. Mrs. W. H. Bisland. pr~>sidPnt Woman's Presbyterian Board of Foreign

Missions of th£> Southwest. St Louis. Mo. · Mr~. G. V. R. Mechin, prf'sident Woman's -Council of St. Louis, St.

Louis, Mo. Maria M. D£>an. ~- D., vicE' preside.nt North Rocky MountailJ. Sei:tion

As. O('iation !\f CollE>glat£> Alumnre, Alma, .Mont. Mrs. C. F. Zolll'r, Rounrlup. Mont. Mrs. Can·i£> K Al"mf'trong, Cnlb£>rtson, Mont. lllrs. J. A. Morrow, RyegatP, Mont. Mrs. Mary .T. Wilkinson, ntrim, N . H. Marguerite Whipple Stoddard, president Teachers' Guild, Manchester,

N.H. Grace P. Tracy (Mrs. Charles .Alden), wife cf princiiJal Kimball

Unlnn Ararlemy, Meriden, N. H. Fanny E. Minot, pa t nationaJ president Woman's Relief Corps, Con­

cord, N. B. 1\fah£>1 NPvins Adams (Mrs. Wf'sley), home economics committee;

woman's committee, Council of National DPfense, Dt>rry, N. H. l\Ir~. OllvP Rand Clark, president 1\lanchester Equal Sull'rage Associa-

tion, ManchestPr, N. H. Mrs. Mary Packard Cas~. club woman. Tilton, N. n. Mrs. Stephe.n B. Hanlson, club woman, NPwark. N. J. !Irs. l\lar·gar<' t DyE' Ellis. national IPI!.islattve repre entative, Woman's

Chri!'tian TempNance Union. Nt>wark. N. J. Emily P. Dl'nnls (Mrs. Laban). Orange N. J. Emily P. JE-nkinson (Mrs. RiC'hard C.), president Newark Yonng

Woman's Christian Association, Newark, N.J. Mrs. Julius !A-vy, Newark, N. J. Mrs. John Francis Yawg£>r, pr<>sid£>nt New Yorlt City Federation of

Women's Clubs. New York Ctty, N. Y. Miss Mabel Crat1r, pr«>sid~>nt New York City Young Women's Christian

.AsRoclatton, New Y·•rk City, N. Y. Fanny G. Villard (i\Irs. Henry), daughter William Lloyd Garrison,

New York City, N. Y. · Katharine Bement Davis, chairman Parole Commission, New York

City, N. Y. Mrs. James R. Allen, corrPsponding secretary Woman's Board Mis­

sions, Reform Church, East Bran<"h, N. Y. Eliza M. Mosh£>r, M. D .. honorary president Medical Women's Na­

tional AssoPiatlon. Brooklyn, t-1. 'Y. Isalwlla Cbat·l«>f' Davis. cofounder International Order King's Daugh­

ters and Sons NE'w York City N. Y Marlon Craig PottPr, M. D., chairman mPmbE'rship committee, Medi·

cal Women's National As ociation for War Service, Rochester, N. Y. Mrs: Richard l\1. Colgate, New York City, N. Y.

Belle Thomas, M. D .. Medical Women's Nati-onal .Association, New York City, N. Y.

Gertrud~ S. :Martin, executive secretary .Association Collegiate A.lumnro, Ithaca, N. Y.

E1izabetb Johnson Van Slyke, 111. D., superintendent Woman's Hos­pital. New York City, N. Y.

1\Iaud Bullington Booth, Volunt£>ers of .America, New York City, N.Y. .

Elizabeth Blsland Wetmore. Flushin~. N. Y. Rosanc Slaughter Morton. l\I .. D .. Phairman American Women's Hos­

pitals ot·ganized by war service committee of the Medical Women's NationR.I AssoPiation ; mE-mber of the gPneral meuical bo:trd of the Conncil of National Defense; New York City, N. Y.

Ma 1·y G. Hay, chairman New York City Woman Suffrage Party, New York City. N. Y.

Cnrr!c Chnpman Catt. Kcw York City. N. Y. Mrs. Stephen S. Wise, wife of llabbi Wise, chairman child adoption

committee of Free ~ynagogue Rorial SHvlce. New York City, N. Y. An?Zt>DE>ttl"' Parry, :M. D .. Nt>w York City. N. Y. Iartlm Wollstein. JU. D .. chairman laboratory work committee of

M dica l ~omen's National A!'sorintion, New Yo1·k City, N. Y. GMrgina F . Dewcy. New York City, N. Y. Rc. Ry R. Finley, NPw York Citv .. _ . Y. De Lan Kinney, DD. S .. New York City. N. Y. ::\Jr~ . E. W. Redell. Clinton Comers. X. Y. E1lith R Hatch. :M. D .. chairman S1tbf:titution in prh·ate practice

committf'e of l\Icd'cal Women's , •ationnl Assodatinn . llnlfalo, N. Y. Mrs. William L. Poteat, wife of presid«>nt Wake Forest College,

Wake Fore. t, N. C. l'.Irs . .F. P. Hobgoo!l, Wife of nrl'"it1£>nt Oxford College, Dxford, N. C. Mrs. C. P. nlaloclt, teacher. Raleigh. N. C. Rally S. Kirby, president Charity 01-ganization Society, Goldsboro,

N.C. !lfrR. R. l\1. Pollock. chnirman pr,.,r.s committee North ·Dnkota Fedei·a­

tion of WomPn·s Clubs. Fa1·go, N. Dak. Mlnni£> R. li1<'atherstone (Mrs. J. E.), pres!dent Tuesuay Club, VaTiey

Cit:v. N. Dak. . M1·s. W. J. Knceshaw, wii'<> of district jud.:::e. 'Pembina, N. Dak. Mrs. J. A. Coffey. wife of judge diAtrict court, Jam~>!'town, N. Dak. l\frR Charlcs Malrolm Coolt>.v . wifP of jud,ge. Grand l:<'orks. N. Dak. Elennora R Evnrhar!l. l\I. D., chairman eommittP<' c-are of soldiers'

dependents Mt>rliral WomPn·~ National Association, Dayton. Ohio. MrR. G. n. l-l£>,ter. temp<'rancP m'ssionary. Musko:!('(', Olcla. Mr~. Li ah D. LimlsPy, s crt>tary and treasurer Tulsa County Council

National Defpnse. Tul. a. Okla. 1\frs. Rootb Tarkington. wife of author. Indianapolis. Ind. Evalyn C. LovPjoy ( Jfs. Ow~>n R.), Kt>w York City, N. Y. M'. s Latrr:t Clay, Lexmgton, Ky. Mrs. Cbarles L. Houston. Coatsville, Pa. Carolin«> :UrDowcll (l\lrs. J. C.). chairman of temp£>rance huren.u

of Woman's nome Missionary Society of Methodist Episcopal Church, Pittsburgh, Pa.

Rosamond K. Bender, secretary tbe Needlework Guild of America, Philadelphia. Pa. ·

Mrs. ~muel SPmple. mf'mbPr of Inclnstrial hoard Pennsylvania De· partment of Labor n.nd ID(Jnstry. Titusville, Pa.

Carrie B. Smith (Mrs. Howard Wayn<'). preF<ident .Atlantic District Woman's American "Baptist Foreign l\Iiss!onary Society, Philadel­phia, Pa.

MrR. J. b. O'XeU. Wife .of commissioner of highways, McKees­port. Pa.

Ann::l Jarvis, found"Pr of 1\Ioth~>rs· Da:v. Pbihtdc>lphia. Pa. Margaret E. Hodge. form!'r .prrs'flPnt Womnn's Foreign Missionary

SoC'iPty Presb:vtf'rian Chur1·h. Ph'ladPlnhia. Pa. Eliza G. Chase IM1·s. Arnold B.). Providen<'e. R. I. l\Iaude Uuwe Elliott, daughter of Julia Waru Howe, .Acquidneck,

R.. I. I

HPIE'n C. Putnam, 1\l. D., former preRident American Acallcmy of M~>rlirine. Providenc£>, R. I.

Alire R. Ham (llrs. Llvin~ton). ProvidPn<'e. It. I. Mrs. H!'nry .Fletcher, wife of former mayor of Providence. Provi­

dence, R. I. Mrs. W. II. P. Faunce, wi.fe of president Brown Tinlve:rsity, Provl­

dencP, R. I. Ingt>borg Kinrlsteclt. suffrage lE>cturt>r. Providence. R. I. ~ · .Ada Winq l'tl£>ad, stat<' C'halrman food conservation t'OmmLttee

woman's division Councl1 of National D!'fPnse. Providen<'e. R. I. Rl!Pn A. ~tone. l\1. D .. citv 8('hool pbvRiC'ian. Provirlrnce. R. L Etllth Wt-ir Perry (Mrs. James De Wolf), wife of Episcopal bl.shop,

Providence. R. I. Mrs. Trisham Tupper Hyde, wife of mayor o1 Charleston, Charles­

ton. S. C I.u!'i£> Barrow Gonzn.l.- , Columhla, R C. Mrs. W. G. Bi!'kPlhnupt, Abcr(]e('n, R Dak

· Mrs. May P. King, St. Lnwr.:>nce, S. Dak. Elizalwth Kane. M. D .. first vice president .Medical Woman's National

A~llodntion. Mf'mphi!i, TPnn. . Eunlre Fite YO!'t (Mrs. Fielding H.), wife football coach, Umverslty

of 1\fichigRn. Nashvii1e, TPnn. Mrs. John 1\I. Hanna, C'hnirman F:outbwt>!';tcrn Field Committee Young

Woman's Cbrif'thn ssof'intion. Dallas. Tex. Mrs. John G. Willacy, 8an Antonio Tex. l\frs. Cone Johnson, Tyler. TP-x. Mrs. A. V. Lane, vice presirlPnt general National Society Daughters

American Revolution, Dallas. Tex KatP WaiiC'r Barrett. presiclent National Florence Crtttenton Mission,

Alt>xandria, Va. . 1\Jrs. HPnry Louis Smith, wife of president Washington and Lee Um-

versity, Lexinm-on, Va. Mrs. E. B. Wblte, Leesburg, Va . Gra<'<' W. Sherwood, M. D., St. Albans. Vt. Mrs. Guy Potter Benton, wife of presid£>nt University of Ver~wnt,

llu{{~~.~~an:P~ C. Axtell. vic«> chairman United ~tates Employees' Com­pensation Commission, Bellin;:!ham, Wash.

Maud M. Gill (l\Irs. Hiram C.), wife of mayor Seattle, Seattle, Wnsh.

~}!:~: . .Tae':'ig~rF.nc~tt~~\~j; '!rr~h. or former mayor Seattle, Ol;n! "Pla, Wash.

Genevieve S. Blethen, ~eatlle. Wash. . Laura" Whipple Carr (1\Irs. Alvah L.). vicP president Southern Paciilc

Association Colegiatc Alumnre, Seattle, Wa.sh.

·2982 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE. l\lARCH 4,

1\Irs. Corwin S. Shank, president Columbia River District Woman's American Baptist Foreign Missionary Society, Seattle, Wash.

Harriet B. .fom·s, M. D., Glendale, W. Va. Mrs. R. L. Hutchins9n, illrector general Federation Women's Clubs,

Huntington, W. Va. Rev. Olympia Brown, national president Federal Suffrage Association,

Racine, Wis. . Mrs. A. P. Nelson, wife of pre&ident Wisconsin University, Grants­

burg, Wis. Mrs. Edward Dwight Eaton, wife of president Beloit College, Beloit,

Wis. · Mrs. Donald D. MacLaurin, president Northwestern Distri<:t Woman's

Baptist Foreign Missionary Society, Madison, Wis. WASHI!'\GTON, D. C., March 1, 1!118.

Headed by the name of Mrs. Frances F. Cleveland Preston, a notable petition representing nearly 6,000,000 women was presented to the President to-day, urging that the production of malt liquors in the United States be stopped in the interest of the conservation of food­stuffs. The petition states that the grain being used in the brewing of beer and ale and other malt beverages in America is enough to make more than 4,000,000 loaves of bread daily. It also states that the women of America ask that this great saving be made by a proclama­tion of the President.

The petition contains the official signatures of 28 presidents of na­tional organizations, representing 5,917,976 women. Among these sig­natures are to be f<,und the names of Mrs. Josiah Evans Cowles. presi­dent General Federation of Women's Clubs; Mrs. George Thacher Guernsey, president general Daughters American Revolution; Mrs. H. K. Schoff, president National Congress of Mothers and Parent­Teacher Association; Mrs. Robert E. Speer, president of the Young Women's Christian Association of AmeriC~j Myra Kingman Miller, Pre ident National Federation of College women; Anna A. Gordon, president National Woman's Christian Temperance Union.

In addition to this official group there are individual signatures of almost a thousand noted women of America. Among the signers are many wives of United States Senators and Representatives, wives of governors and former governors, women members of State legislatures, and Miss JEA ' NETTE RANKIN, of Montana, the woman Memb~ of the National Congress.

Among the educators who have signed the J?etition are Mrs. C. C. Bradford, president National Education Association; Ella Flagg Young; Julia C. Lathrop; Mary E. Wooley, president Mount Holyoke College; Ella F. Pendleton, president Wellesley College; M. Carey Thomas,

Eresident Bryn Mawr College; and the dean of women of many of the argest colleges in America.

With the individual group of petitioners are presidents and chairmen of State organizations, such as Colonial Dames, Daughters American Revolution, Woman's Christian Temperance Union, Red Cross societies, Florence Crittenton missions, missionary societies of all denominations, equal-suffrage associations, Federation Women's Clubs, woman's com­mittees Council National Defense, Dames of Loyal Legion, Woman's Liberty Loan Committee, Woman's Relief Corps, National League for Women's Service, Federation Music Clubs, war work councils, Order Eastern Star, Mother's Congress and parent-teacher associations, Juvenile Protective Associatio~ State boards charities and correc­tions, Stmshine Society, Good uovernment Leagues, Royal Neighbors, Anti-Suffrage Assodation, Ladies' of the Grand Army of the Republic, Graduate Nurses' AssociationA Home Makers' Associations~-. Child Wel­fare Leagues, International urder King's Daughters and o::;ons, Ladies of the Maccabees, consumers' leagues, humane education societies, woman's p:1rty, Catholic altar societies, medical women's associations, associations collegiate alumnre, needlework guilds, woman's farm and ~arden associations, neighbors leagues; Rebekah assemblies, Pythian o::;isters, playground associations, Council Jewish Women, United Daugh-

. ters Confederacy, women's bank associations. There are the signatures of women State officials in suffrage States­

deputy commissioners public lands, members labor commissions, State · factory inspectors, deputy superintendents public instruction, chairmen

State public safety commissions, and assistant attorneys general. Standing out conspicuously are the signatures of women ~f national

reputation-Jane .A.odams, Hull House; Mrs. Raymond Robms; Laura Clay; Kate M. Gordon; Jean· Gordon; Mrs. Truman H. Newberry; Daisy McLaurin Stevens, mP.mber Naval Commission on Training Ac-

, tivities; Maud Ballington Booth ; Mrs. Frances C. Axtell, vice chair­man United States Employees' Compensation Commission; Alice Steb­bins Wells, president International Association of Policewomen ; Kath­erine Bement Davis; Anna Jarvis, founder Mother's Day; Kate Waller Barrett; Helen Ring Robinson; Mrs. John A. Logan.

Of wives of prominent men in America, Mrs. Philander P. Claxton, Mrs. William J. Bryan, Mrs. Wilfred T. Grenfell, Mrs. Stephen S . . Wise, Mrs. Booth Tarkington, Mrs. Owen Lovejoy, Mrs .. Luther Burbank, and wives o! United States Senators and Representatives, of governors, of members State supreme courts, attorneys general, State senators and representatives, State auditors, commissioners labor, secretaries state.

Among the petitioners a.re authors, editors, artists penwomen, doctors1 lawyers. From almost every State in the Union are the si~atures 01: journalists. Conspicuous are the names of the authors, Alice Hegan Rice Gene Stratton Porter, Marietta Holley ; of artists and illustrators, Mary Mears, Jessie Wilcox Smith, and Annetta St. Gaudens.

It' is a "win-the-war " appeal from women who are responding to a11 conservation requests of the United States Government ..

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on the amend-ment proposed by the. committee.

The amendment was agreed to. The reading of the bill was resumed. The next .amendment ·of the Committee on Agriculture and

Forestry was, on page 81, line 24, after the words " general ex­penses," to strike out" $961,705" and insert "$1,011,705," so as to make the clause read :

In all, for general expenses, $1,011,705.

The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, on page 82, line 24, after the words

"Bureau of Markets," to strike out "$1,973,255" and insert "$2,023,255," so as to make the clause read:

Total for Bureau of Markets, $2,023,255. The amendment was agreed to.

The next amendment was, on page 82, after line 24, to insert: In the performance of the duties required of the Bureau of Markets

in the administration or enforcement of provisions of acts (United States cotton-futures act, 39 Stat. L., 476; United States grain stand­ards act, 39 Stat. L., 482; United States warehouse act, :w Stat. L., 486; standard container act, 39 Stat. L., 673 ; and tile acts making annual appropriations for the Department of Agriculture) relating to the Department of Agriculture, the Secretary of Agriculture, or any representative authorized by him for the purpose, shall have power to administer oaths, examine witnesses, and call for the production of books and papers during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919.

The amendment was agreed to. · The next amendment was, on page 85, line 2G, after the words

"ordinary work," to strike out "$25,193,173" and insert "$25,500,333," so as to make the clause read:

Total, Department of Agriculture, for routine and ord.inary work, $25,500,333.

The amendment was agreed to. . . The next amendment was, under the subhepll "1\liscellaneous,"

on page 91, line 6, after the word "distribution," to strike out "$400,000,' and insert "$700,000," so as to make the clause rend:

To conduct surveys and inspections in Texas or in any other State to ·detect any infestation and to conduct such control measures includ­ing the establishment of cotton-free areas, in cooperation with the State of Texas or other States concerned, as may be necessary to stamp out such infesta tlon, to establish in cooperation with the States con­cerned a zone or zones free from cotton culture on ·or near the border of any State or States adjacent to Mexico, and to cooperate with the Mexican Government or local Mexican authorities, or otherwise by undertaking in Mexico such measures for the extermination of the pink bollworm of cotton as shall be determined to be practicable from surveys showing its distribution, $700,000 : Prov ided, That no part of the money herein appropriated shall be used to pay the cost or value of crops or other property injured or destroyed.

1\fr. GALLINGER. · Mr. President, I ask that the entire pro­vision relating to the comparatively new pest called the pink bollworm be read, commencing in line 23, page 89.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Secretary will read as requested.

The Secretary read as follows : Eradication of pink bollworm: To enable the Secretary of Agriculture

to meet the emergency caused by the existence of the pink bollworm of cotton in Mexico, and to p-revent the establishment of such insect in the United States by the employment of all means necessary, includ­ing rent outside of the Dist rict of Columbia and the employment of persons and means in the city of Washington and elsewhereJ as follow's :

To prevent the movement of cotton and cotton seed rrom Mexico intothe United States, including the regulation of the entry into the United States of railway cars and other vehicles, and freight, express, baggage1 or other materials from Mexico, and the inspection, cleaning, and disinfection thereof, $50,000 ; •

boif~o~~kk s~-:i£~o t~n3e~~r~~r~~a~~t~~aflif~~~¥!lY~ns0fi;h~di\~~ near the border of the United States, in cooper~tion with the Mexican Government or local Mexican authorities, $25,000 ;

To investigate in Mexico or elsewhere the pink bollworm as a basis for control measures, $25,000;

To conduct surveys and inspections in Texas or in any other State to detect any infestation and to conduct such eontrol measures, includ­ing the establishment of cotton-free areas, in cooperation with the State of Texas or other States concerned, as may be necessary to stamp out such infestation, to establish in cooperation with the States con­cerned a zone or zones free from cotton culture on or near the bot·der of any State or States adjacent to :Mexico, and to cooperate with the Mexican Government or- local Mexican authorities1 OL' otherwise, by undertaking in Mexico such measures for the extermmation of the pink bollworm of cotton as shall be determined to be practicable from sur­veys showing its distribution~ 400,000 : Provided, That no part of the money herein appropriated snail be used to pay the cost or value or crops or other propecty injured or destroyed.

Mr. GALLINGER. 1\Ir. President, I want to ask the Senator in charge of the bill what the appropriation was last year for the eradication of this pest called the pink bollworm?

Mr. GORE. Mr. President, I will say to the Senator that there was no appropriation under this item last year. It is a new pest that has been introduced, I believe, into Mexico and comes to the United States from Mexico.

Mr. GALLINGER. Is the Senator quite sure that there was no appropriation last year? There surely was at some time an appropriation. _ M1~ VA.RD.AM.AN. That was for the boll weevil. M.r. GORE. I fear the Senator bas confused this with the

Mexican boll weevil. Mr. GALLINGER. Not at all. I know all about that appro­

priation; but I am very sure that last year the question was up as to this new pest, called the pink bollworm.

Mr. GORE. There was an item in regard to it in the urgent deficiency bill, not in the Agriculture appropriation bill.

Mr. GALLINGER. Yes; that is it. Can the Senator state the amount?

Mr. GORE. Two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Mr. GALLINGER. We have made quite a jump in this mat­

ter. It is taking a wide range now. There are several para­graphs relating to it--one of $50,000, another of $25,000, another of $25,000, and another of $700,000. It seems to me that we are traveling at rather a rapid rate, a most extraordinary rate, con­cerning this ·new pest.·

1918. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 2983 1\Ir. GORE. Mr. Presirlent, I will say to the Senc'ltor that

t11e nppt·opi·iation is basc:>d on the theory that it is better ·to pre­Tent the pread of this pest than to wait until it has spread and then try to erauicntP. it. It ha~ lately come over from Mexico. ·n is the most deadly and destructive pe~t which has yet at­tackeci the cotton pJant; and in thi case we have raised the approprhltion to the amount estimated by the department. They estimated $800,000.

1\ir. G.L\..LLINGER. Can the Senator tell the Senate bow ex­ten!':iVP thi. pest is, so fat· as our own territory is concerned?

l\1r. GOH.E. I think not very extensive at this time. I have here a letter from the uepartment that I will ,ha>e read to the Senate, and also a suggested amendment to this provision.

l\1r. GALLINGER. I will say to the Senator that I thought. from the reauing of the text, that this was rather a preventive mea. ure.

Mr. GORE. It is; yes, sir. :Mr. GALLINGER. They are going to arrest it at the Mexican

border and keep it on Mexican territory. Mr. GOHE. That is o. Mr. GALLli'\GER. I wish we might do that, because I think

it is a good thing· to keep tho~e pests on Mexican soil rather than on the soil of the United States.

l\Ir. GOHE. Ye. ; and they have no troubles down there. 'Ve have enough of our own ah·eady.

1\lr. GALLINGER. Well, they have sorue~ I think, in Mexico at the pre.<;;ent time.

?llr. GORE. I believe Abe Martin said he would rather be wrong thnu be Pre~ident of Mexico.

lli. GALLINGER Does the Senator rlesire to have that Jet­ter read? I am interested in this mutter, but I will not ask for it. ·

1\Ir. GORE. Then I will not inflict it on the Sen'lte. ~lr. VAHOAl\lA...~. l\1r. President, if the Senator will permit

me, I will state that even us far away from the Mexican line as ~IL sis!"ippi the cotton planters are very much exercisetl over the appearance of this pest. Reeently 8 convention of the planters of the entire State was held at the capital, and it was statf'fl that the pe ·t renlly menaces the entire cotton industry of the South if it i~ not stopped.

Mr. GALLINGER. 1\Ir. Presi<lent, I was rather startled by recalling the fact that we had m~tde a ~mall appropriation for this purpose--! had fonr,ltten what appropriation bil1 it wns in, but my memory is refreshed h~· the sugge tion of the Senator from Oklahoma thnt it was ."2:10.00(}-anll. now $800,000 is askerl; and yet the hug is not yet on the territory of the United States to any considerable:> extent. ·

Mr. GORE. I think it ls in Texa~ to some extent. 1\fr. GALLINGl~R. To some extent? Mr. GORE. Yes, sir; in Texas. 1\fr. V ARDAl\1.-\N. It i~ in !';everal States. .1\Ir. GALLINGER. I pre~me we have gut to try to extenni­

nate this insect if we can. I am much lnte1·ested in the devel­opment of the cotton industry, which seems to he doing mighty WE'll in the~e days, when cotton is selling at $180 8 bale.

1\Ir. GORE. No: about $150 to $170. Including the seed, it would be m01·e, however.

1\lr. GALLINGER. Yes; about $180 a bale. But however that may be. Mr. President. we want to protect that great crop. It is vet-y essential to our own welfare and to the conduct of the wat·. I have sometimes thought it ought to he taxed; but that, I presume. we will nPver n<:complish. Rnd perhaps we ought not. I am not so sure on that point. But the rapid incrPase in these nppropriations nttracted my attention, an1l I wanted to ask this question. If this insect is aR deadly as is suggested to the cul­ture of cotton, of course this will be a wise appropriation, provided we can halt its progress into thP cotton States; but it '"as so ?:reat a jump from the appropriation of last year to this proposed nppropriation that I wanted some information about it.

The truth is, it seems to have become rather an inrlustry to bunt up some insect that is going to ilttnck an agricultural crop. • Somebody said to me that the sweet potatoes are in danger. I do uot know how that is. It has been suggested to rnP that we ouJ,rht to look aftpr some insect that threatens that crop: and I shall be very sorry if that crop is in danger or in danger of hPing destroyed.

I nm satisfied with this matter so far a~ the answer concern­ing it is concernerl. and shall mnke no ohje<>tion to it, beyond exprpssing the hope that we may not be met by a proposect appro­priation of $1,600.000 ne:xt ypar; antl I tru~t they will be nbl£' to stop the ravages of that pink inRect at the Rio Grande. That is where it ought to be. It ought to he relegnterl to Mexican oil, and kept there, rather than to come into Texas or any

other State of the Union.

Mr. GORE. l\1r. President. I entirely coincide with the Sena­tor. in the hope that we can stay this invafler nt the border. I now send to the desk an amendment suggested by the depart­ment to the amenument which has just been Tead.

The PRESIDING OFFICEll. The amendment to t11e amend· ment will be stated.

The SECREI'ABY. On page 90, at the end of line 11, it L pro­po. ed to insert--

The PRESIDING OFFICER. ThE' Chair will say to the Sena­tor from Oklahoma that that wi11 be an amen<lment to the bill ancl not an amendment to this amendment. ThE' question is on the adoption of the amendment to stril{e' out "$400.000 ., :md insert "$700,000." This has not any relevancy to that amend­ment.

l\Ir. GORE. Yes; it does not refer to the amendment, bnt to the bill.

Mr. WADSWORTH. Mr. President. before the committee amendment is adopted I want to asl' the chnirmnn of the com­mittee, or some Senator from one of the cotton ~tate~. to state, in a few words. if possible, the r(>sult~ thus fnr accomplished under the appropriations which ha,-e been mrule hy Congress for several years in the attE.'mpt to eradirate thE' boll . wl'evil. Whnt has been <.lone with an averag-e of $600.000 per yenr?

Mr. GORE. Ur. President, I will say that tl1e GO\·ernment has not been ahle to erauicate the weevil. hut on aeC'ount of the weevil the production of cotton was reducetl. I unller~and. as much as 75 per cent in some rx.rtions of thP great cotton belt of Tc>xas. In Louisiana and in Mi. sissippi thPre wns a correspond­ing reduction when tile pest first ma<le i~ appeara.nce in thnt region, but the department has succpe<Jed. by cooperative methods with farmers, in restoring the production of rotton to the old leYel by improved cultural methods and ways an<l means of circumventing the weevil nnd countern~.?tio~ its effects, but not in the way of oirect extermination of the wPe>il itself.

Mr. WADSWORTH. Is it the opinion of thP SE.'n:ltoJ• that it is necessary to continue to appropriate this sum indefinitely in order to circumve11t the wee,; I?

Mr. GORE. I think for the prespnt it is. hPcau~e the weevil has not extenrlE.'d itself over the entire cotton country, but is extending its invasion eastward all tile while, and it is neces­sary to in~titute these ways and mPnns whm·ever it uoes make its a<lvance; and until that is done I pre~ume the neces5;ity will continue. I imagine that the Senator from Texas [l\Ir. SHEP­P.\T:D] or the Senator from Mi sis ippi [l\lr. VARDAMAN] could give some statistics as to the actual losses from the appearance of the weevil in those two States. They have been enormous.

1\lr. WADSWORTH. Of cour~e I reali7.e th!lt the Jo. :-:ps have been very, very severe, but 1 think it can be contended that after this series of years we_ should have some report as to progress.

"1\lr. GORE. I think I might, however, e~-press the opinion tl1at this appropriation will not disappear.

l\.lr. WADSWORTH. I never lmew one that did, Mr. Presi­dent_

1\lr. GORE. That is too true; but I will say to the Senator that it is conne<>te<1 in a way with the general flemonRtration work and the improvement of agriculture generally: untl the ap­propriations were growing so large, and the benefits were so great and were so well recognized, that Senators from other sections insisted that corresponding appropriations be made to carry for,varu the same sort of work in their States, not­withstanding they were not cotton-growing States. That has been done. Demonstration agents all over the country have grown out of lhat; and I think the appropriRtions for other ec­tions outside of the cotton States amounted to omethi ng more than $400,000 a year or two ago, and I trunk thPy are above that now. So it has come to be a permanent part of our a:rricul­tural education, and to some extent in the cotton States this is really a misnomer.

1\lr. WADSWORTH. That is just what I was driving at. Is not this a misnomer?

1\ir. GORE. Yes; it is. It was born of this nece~Rity, hut its name has never been changed; anrl the service has been extended, I think, to the entire country. There are 2.860 counties in the United States. I think that 2,100 counties now have agents co-r­responding te those who were evolved ·in the Southern Rtates to meet this situation; and they are being rapidly extended to all the counties.

Mr. WADSWORTH. Mr. Presjdent. I do not deRire to be overinquisitive. I have had a fleeting idea that this boll:weevil appropriation was. in fact, not alone an appropriation for <;tamp­ing out the boll weevil; that it was an appt·or>rintion to extend the farm-agent systeru thmughout the countie~. Now, I am in entire sympathy with the extension of tllat system; mid I

2984 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE. l\lARcH 4,

remember also, as the Senator has already reminded the Senate, that when these great appropriations were first commenced another section of the counh·y said: "We must have our share."

l\1r. GORE. Yes, sir. Mr. WADSWORTH. So they promptly got their share. l\Ir. GORE. They did; yes, sir. l\lr. 'V ADSWORTH. And it has been going on ever since.

One part of the country calls it the farm county agents' work and another part of the country says: "We are chasing the boll weevil with it."

l\Ir. GORE. That is the ·state of facts. Mr. WADSWORTH. Very well. I am glad to have it

cleared up. l\Ir. GORE. I will say to the Senator that the Government

has never professed to be able to eradicate the boll weevil. Jt has discovered no ways and means of combating the weevil so as to exterminate the insect itself; but it 11: ~: so countervailed its ravages as to restore the production of cotton to normal, even where the weevil was most riotous where it first made its ap· pearance.

Mr. 'V ADSWORTH. I venture the hope that the pink boll wee\"i.l will not give rise to a pink-colored farm agent.

Mr. GORE. If so, then there will probably be a pink invader of some sort in all sections of the countxy. I will say that this appropriation, I think, has been abundant.ly rewarded, not only in the Southern States but in other States, although agriculture was perhaps more scientific in other sections than in the South; but it has been serviceable even in those States, and abundantly so in the Southern States.

l\1r. JONES of Washington. Mr. President-. -The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Okla·

homa yield to the Senator from Washington? l\Ir. GORE. I yield. Mr. JONES of Washington. I wanted to ask the Senator

about the character of this pink boll weevil and what damage it doe .

Mr. GORE. l\fr. President, I shall have to have read the letter of the department to which I referred a few moments ago.

1\fr. JONES of Washington. Can not the Senator state the matter just briefly?

l\Ir. GORE. It destroys the fruit entirely. It even destroys the seed, so that it will not reproduce.

l\Ir. JONES of Washington. To w·hat extent has it gotten into our territory?

Mr. GORE. I think only to a limited extent, and only in the State of Texas, as I am informed.

l\Ir. JONES of Washington. And it is hoped, by this appro· priation and under this appropriation, to devise ways and means, in conjunction with the Mexican authorities, to keep it out of our territory, at least?

l\1r. GORE. That is the point exactly; yes, sir-to eradi~te where it has already made its appearance, and so to inspect and uisinfect curs coming over as to prevent its introduction in the future.

l\lr. JONES of 'Vashington. How is it propagated? That is, I mean, how does it get into this country from Mexico? ·

l\lr. GORE. It is supposed to have come in in cars in which cotton · seed has been shipped from Mexico.

Mr. JONES of Washington. It comes in with the seed? l\Ir. GORE. Yes, sir; or it comes in cars which have been

used for the shipment of seed. · Mr. · JONES of Washington. Have we been inspecting these

cars during the last year, and have we tried to prevent its being brought in? ·

1\lr. GORE. I do not know to what extent that l1as been done. I assume so, and I assume also that the letter explains the matter fully. I had not expected to reach this item this after­noon. Consequently I am not familiar with the contents of the letter.

l\1r. THOMAS. Mr. President--The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Okla·

homa yield to the Senator from Colorado? Mr. GORE. I yield. Mr. THOMAS. I merely wish to express my surprise to the

Senator from New York that he should be surprised to dis­cover in this bill an appropriation of this nature. We have a number of appropriations called revolving appropriations. They are so called because they never revolve; they only jam.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to the a mendment of the committee.

The· amendment was agreed to. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator :from Oklahoma

now proposes an amendment, following line 9, on page 91, which will IJe stated by the Secretary.

The SECRETARY. It is proposed to insert, on page 91, after line 9:

Any moneys hereafter recelved by the United States in payment of . charges fixed by the Secretary of A-griculture on account of such clean­ing and disinfection at plants constructed therefor out o'f any appro­priation made on account of the pink bollworm are hereby appropnated and made immediately available during the continuance of such emer­gency, in the discretion of the Secretary, for expenditures necessary to prevent the movement of cotton and cotton seed from Mexico into the United States and the establishment of the pink bollworm in the United States. ·

Mr. Sl\IOOT. Mr. President, do I understand that this is a committee amendment?

Mr. GORE. No, sir. · The committee did not report it. It was sent up by the department since the bill was reported.

1\Ir. SMOOT. Did the Senator having the bill in charge offer this amendment? ·

l\Ir. GORE. Yes, sir. Mr. SMOOT. Let it be stated aga_in, l\fr. President. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment will be stated

again. The Secretary again stated the amendment. Mr. SMOOT. Mr. President, that may be nece ary; but I

want to call the Senator's attention to the :fact that that is reviving a practice that grew to such an extent that we were compelled to stop it by legislation, and to provide that all moneys received from all sources should go into the Treasury of the United States, and all moneys to be appropriated should be car· ried in a regular appropriation bill for any expense that the Government desired · to undertake. I do not believe that the Senator having the bill in charge can say how much money wm · come from these charges. Was there any information on that subject before the committee?

Mr. GORE. I have no estimate on that subject, l\lr. President. I will say, while I am interrupting the Senator, that I think the principle be lays down is a sound one, generally speaking.

1\ir. SMOOT. There is not any doubt about its being a sound principle. If I wanted to take the ·time of the Senate this after­noon, I could rehearse here dozens of cases where it has been abused in the most flagrant. manner; and as :far as I am con­cerned, I believe that every single cent that is collected from any source by the .agencies of the Government of the United States ought to go into the Treasury of the United States, and .not a dollar of it ought to come out of the Treasury of the United States unless it is appropriated directly for the purposes named.

M:r. GORE. The Senator will remember, however, that we created a revolving fund of $150,000,000 under the food-con­trol act.

Mr. SMOOT. Well, we have done so many things during the past year that can not be defended that I do not want to take time now even to undertake to defend that kind of legislation .

. Mr. GORE. No; I do not cite that as justification for this practice.

1\fr. SMOOT. I should very much prefer that whatever charges are imposed by the Secretary of Agriculture for the cleaning under this paragraph shall go in the regular channels. Then, if an additional appropriation is wanted by him for thL.:; purpose, let him come to Congress and ask for the appropriation. and I have no doubt that it will be granted.

I hope the amendment will be rejected. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on the amend­

ment proposed by the Senator from Oklahoma [Mr. GoRE]. [Putting the question.] By the sound the ayes seem to have it.

Mr. SMOOT and M:r. WADSWORTH called for a division. The PRESIDING OFFICER. A division is called for. 1\fr. GALLINGER. I s·uggest that the question be stated

again. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on the amend­

ment offered by the Senator from Oklahoma [l\Ir. GoRE] and read by the Secretary.

On u division, the amendment was rejected. l\1r. v ARD.AMAN. Mr. President, I suggest the absence of a

quorum. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senator. :frorri Mississippi

suggests the absence of a quorum. The Secretary will call the roll.

The Secretary culled the roll, and the following Senators an· swered to their names : Borah Brandegee Culberson Curtis France Gallinger Gerry Gore Gronna Hend-erson

Jones, N. Mex. Jones, Wash. McCumber McNary 1\:lartln Myers New Norris Overman Page

Ransdell Reed Robinson Saulsbury Shafroth Sheppard Smith, Ga. Sinith, 1\fd. Smith, Mich. Smoot

Sutherland Swanson Thomas Thompson Trammell Vardaman Wadsworth Warren Williams

1918. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE'. 2985 . 1\Ir. CURTIS. I desire to announce the absence of the senior

Senator from Maine [1\Ir. FERNALD) and the junior Senator from Maine [Mr·. HALE] on official business. I will let this announcement stand for the balance of the afternoon.

Mr. ROBINSON. The junior Senator from South Carolina [Mr. SMITH), the senior Senator from Ohio [Mr. PouERENE), and the junior Senator from Michigan [1\lr. Tow ~sEND) are absent from the Senate Chamber on business of the Senate.

Mr. SUTHERLAND. I announce the absence of my coileague · [1\Ir. GoFF] on account of illness.

Mr. CURTIS. I have been requested t o announce the absence of the Senator from l\Iinnesota [Mr. KELLOGG] and the Senator from New Jersey [Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN) on official business, and the unavoidable absence of the Senator from New York [Mr. CALDER].

'.rhe PRESIDING OFFICER. Thirty-nine Senators hm·e an­swered to · their names. There is not a quorum present. The Secretary will call the names of the absentees.

The Secretary called the names of absent Senators, and Mr. CoLT, Mr. HARDWICK, Mr. KING, Mr. LoDGE, l\Ir. Sl\IITH of South Carolina, Mr. TILLMAN, l\1r. UNDERWOOD, anu Mr. "\VoLCOTT an­swerell"to their names when calle<l.

1\Ir: l!~LETCHER, 1\Ir. KENDRICK, Mr. PoMERE E, 1\lr. PoiNDEXTER, 1\fr. ToWNSEND, Mr. JoHNSON of California, 1\Ir. JoHNSON of South .Dakota, and Mr. NuGENT entere<l the Chamber and an­swered to their names.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Fifty-the Senators have an­S\vered to their names. There is a quorum present. The read­ing of the bill will be proceeded with.

The Secretary resumed the reading of the bi-ll at line 10, page 91, and read as follows :

No part o:f any amount herein appropriated shall be used to pay sal­aries or for personal set·v.ices in any department, bureau , or office in the Disb·ict of Columbia which does not, subjec-t to the provisions anrl ex­ceptions of section 7 of the legislative, executive, anu judicial appropri­ation act, approved March 15, 1808, require eight hours of labor each aay.

Mr. SHEPPARD. I mo\e to strike out lines 10 to 16, which have just been reac1.

Mr. GORE. I ask that that amendment may go over. Mr. SHEPPARD. I understand the bill is being 1·ead merely

for action upon the amendments of" the committee at the present time.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. That is the understanding of the Chair.

1\fr. SHEPPARD. Was th~re a unanimous-consent agreement to that effect?

The PRESIDING OFFICER. There was. Mr. SHEPPARD. Then I am willing to have the mattet·

passed over for the present. The PRESIDING OFFICER. It will be passed over. Mr. BORAH. I desire to ask the chairman of the committee

if he expects to dispose of the bill this evening? Mr. GORE. I do not expect to dispose of the bill this after­

noon. 1\fr. BORAH. I \Yill state the reason why I asked the ques­

tion. I do not object to having the amendment offered by the Senator from Texas go over, but I do not want to remain here this afternoon, if I can help it, waiting for it if it is not com­ing up.

Mr. GORE. l\Iy impression is that it will not come up this afternoon. I apprehend that it will· involve a goou deal of dis­cussion. There are other items that will not take much time, and I prefer to dispose of those first. I think the Senator will be safe in going away.

The next amendment of the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry was, on page 91, after line 16, to insert the following :

That any moneys heretofore or hereafter received by the United States for or in connection with the disposition of nitrate of soda pursuant to section 27 ot the act entitled "An act to provide further for the national security and defense by encouraging the production, conserving the supply, and controlling the distribution of food products and fuel," approved August 10, 1917 (Public, No. 41, 65th Cong. ), are hereby appropriated and made immediately available as a revolvin"' fund to be used at the discretion of the President for further carryfng out the purposes of said section and extending its operation throughout the period of the existing war as ascertained and proclaimed in accordance with section 24 of said - act : Provided 'l'hat nothing herein shall be construed as prohibiting the sale o~ disposal o:f any nitrates remaining on hand at the time of, . or con­tracted for previous to, such termination.

1\Ir. SMOOT. The same objection could be urged against this amendment that is urged against the paragraph beginning after the word. "destroyed," in line 9 on page 91. This, how­ever, is an emergency matter and it refers particularly to the question of securing a product that is absolutely necessary dur­~g the continuation of this war. For thnf purpose, and that only, I sllnll not obj.ect to its adoption, but the principle of it,· as I stated before, is absolutely wrong. .

The PRESIDING OFFI CER. The question is on agreeing to th~ amendment of the committee.

The amendment was agreed to. The next amendment was, on page 92, after line 9, to insert : That there is hereby appropriated, out of any money in the Treas­

UI'Y not otherwise appropriated, the sum of $250,000, to be used and expended by the Secretary of Agriculture as herein provided in offer­ing and awarding prizes and premiums for the encouragement of the growing of staple foodstuffs on the farms throughout the country. The money appropriated by this paragraph shall be apportioned among the several States in accordance with the value of the farm products as shown by the last Federal censns, and shall be expended under rules and regulations to .be prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture.

1\Ir. THOMAS. 1\fr. President--1\Ir. GORE. I desire to offer a substitute for this amend­

ment. The PRESI DI.i'I"G OFICER. Does the Senator from Colo­

rado yield? 1\Ir . THOMAS. I should- like to inquire of the Senator hpv­

ing charge of the bill whether there is a sum of $250,000 in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated?

Mr. GORE. W" e ·expect to issue Liberty bonus to the amount of $3,600,000,000. I do not think jt is all appropriated.

l\I1·. THOl\IAS. If there is that amount in the Treasury, it is blessed ne,...-s to the country.

1\It·. SMOOT. I wish to say to the Senator from Oklahoma tbut I think he is rather mistaken when he says it has not all been appropriated. It has already been appropriated.

1\Ir. GORE. I believe it has a time or two over. 1\lr. HARDWICK. If the money is not there, they cnn not

get it. 1\Ir. GORE. I thank the Senator for that suggestion. That

is the only thing that will stand them off, I think. l\Ir. GALLINGER The Senator offers a substitute? l\lr. GORE. I do. Mr. GALLINGER. I understand from reading the section

that we are going to engage in giving prizes. Mr. GORE. 'l'he substitute relates to another paragraph. Mr. GALLINGER. \Ve used to give · chromos and now we

are going to give money, I suppose, for certain experiments in agriculture.

Mr. THOl\IAS. Only in case the money is not otherwise appropriated. I do not think there is any danger of doing that.

1\Ir. GALLINGER. We ma y get some money in the Treas­ury--

1\Ir. OVERMAN. After the war is over. l\lr. GALLINGER. Before the war is over; after the taxes

which are becoming due are collected. Then we may haye money.

1\Ir. REED. l\Ir. President--The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Okla­

homa yield to the Senator from Missouri? 1\Ir. GORE. I yield if I have the floor. 1\Ir. REED. 1\lr. President, it is Yery entert aining t o · hear

the plaintive wailing begin the minute it is proposed to appro­priate ~ little money to the farmers of this country. I did not hear nny of it the other day when it was propose(} to give the railroads very favorable terms for the period of the \f:ll'.

1\ir. THOMAS. Will the Senator allow an interruption? Mr. REED. As soon as I, conclu<le the sentence. \Vhat we

have been doing to the farmer up to this time is to tnke his market away from him, fix his prices, upset all his calcul ations, and leave him at the mercy of abnormal conditions made worse by the abnormal acts of some abnormal men. That goes without challenge, and when it is proposed to give a little money to help the agriculturist it arouses a great deal of comment.

Dut a few days ago, as I looked over the floor of this Chamber, it seemed to me that there was about t he same ent hu siasm in trying to take care of the railroads handsomely that you would find among the aspirants for a premium among a lot of bread makers at a country fair. Everybody was there to do his best. Now, I hope that even if there is no money otherwise appro­priated from the Treasury we will not begin cutting down the farmer. Whether there is any money otherwise appropriated now or not, there will- be plenty of money appropriated· in this Chamber within the next 30 days, plenty of thousands of dvt­lars, plenty of millions of dollars, and probably plenty of thou­sands of millions of dollars, and it will then be <lone in t he high name of patriotism, and whoe\er dare~ holcl ou t an an·e~t­ing band or raise a questioning \Oice will be cla ·sed as a n enl:mr of his country. But when it is proposed to spenu a few uoliurs with the farmer that mny help to make better crops. IH'<lclnce more food for the world, it at once becomes the .Jb ject o r sc1rn and contemptuous r emark.

I hope the bill will not be treated in tl1at form.

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN A'_£E. !{ARCH 4,

1\lr. TITOl\fAS. 1\Ir. PJ>e!';iclent, t1w Senator from. Mis ouri wi11 recall t11nt so far as I am cone rned--

1\lr. REED. Evi<l~?ntly. I did not mean my remarks to ~-PPl~ at all to the Renator from Colorauo. I was referring to tbe general l'litun tion.

Mr. THOl\IAS. or· course I ncrept the Senator's explanation. Irut llis remarks were of so sweeping a charactel~ that it called for a, statE:>rnent fro'tn my~if.

Let me ~ ny", while I bu ve the floor, that it is my intention to vote for every appropriation \Yhieh I think is nhRolutPly neces­sary fo1· the proRecution of the war or for the proper cnncluet of the Govemment's business. l\ly objection to many of the itemR of this hi11 i not a new one. I have oppose<] them Jn past years because I have felt that they were not esl'lentinl.

I macle the rernartt beforE:> the Senator from Missouri came in thnt I had become so accm-;tnmE:>d to see every appropriation to which I objected }Ja::;s the Senate that I was becoming sornPwhat diseouragP<l. I have no uoubt that my attempt in thi~ re~mrd will be another instunce of love's labor lost. I am not objec~ing to uriy of these items hecaw::e this is an agricultural ·hill any more than I objecteu to the very large reward.<> that were re­centlv awarcle<l to the railroads hecnm>e the bill affected the railro::~ds. In each instance my criticisms have b{>E>n uE:>~o:; ignetl to center attention upon conditions which, in my jU<lgruent. in the one case uid not warrant so hi~h n return, _ ancl which in this case do not seem to be now essential, when of all times we should he fru~al.

1\Ir. GALLINGER. I ask that the proposed amendment be read again.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Secretary will again read the am€'ndment.

The SECRET A.RY. On page 92. after line 9. insert: That thPrP is herPby appropriatPd, out of any mon~>y in the Treasury

not otbPrwisP appropriatecl. the sum of $2uO,OOO. to be used and 1-'X· pPndt>d by the St>crPtary of A~ri(•ultur~> as hPrf'in proviflPd In olfprlng anJ awat·dlng prizPs arrd prpmmms for thP t>nC'ouragemPnt of tbt> grow­ing of RtnplP foodRtuffs on thP fnrms throughout thP country. Ttll-' monPy appropriatPd by this paragraph shall be appartioned among the sl'v~->ral Statl'S in U<"corc'lance with tbP valuP of tht> farm pro«lul't~:~ as shown by the last F(>(lPral CPDSUR, and shall bP expendt>d under rules and regulations to be p1·escribed by thP Secrf'tary of Agriculture • .

l\lr. WADS=WORTH. Ur. President, I am not in the habit of opposing any approprhttion which I think will actunlly ad­vance the agriculture of this country, but this particular appro­priation, which I confess meets my -view for the first time, as I was absent from the meeting of the committee at which the amendment was adopted, excites my curiosity and fails to excite my admiration.

The · Senator from 1\Iissouri {1\tr. REED l has said something about n more liberal treatment of the farmers of the <·ountry. He has reciteu how their markets have been tnken away to a large extent and their prices fixed in many article. , generally fixed in n downward direction. What he says is true. I do not think this appropriation,.however, will move one inch towar1l curing that evil. Here it is pruposeu to spend $2..1)0,000 to award prizes as a premium for the encouragement of tht-> grow­ing of stable foodstuffS. You might just as well upprqpriatt:> 250 eents as $250.000 to a country of this size and exp~ct that it is going to increase tbe production of stable foodstuffs.

This read to me like a pleasant little sop to the farmer. something handed to him that (}oes not cos:t the Govemment very· much. and which, it. is hoped, wi11 make him feel goorl whea he reruls about it. You might ju-st as well thro~ the money out in the middle of the streeL.

Let me suggest that you do· not fooT' the· -farmers· with this kind of legi lntion. There is item after item in this: appropriar tion bill that seems to ass11me thut the people who live in tlle rural par·ts of the United StatP:: are chiJuren, little bubie , nnd have to be taught the simplest things-how· to conduct their dai·ly life, how to conduct their bm~iness from morning untiJ night. and here we have· a suggestion in this Ume of war-, when the farme-r h"DO\'V'S" perfectly well what the trouble is-it does not· need the Congress nor tbe Secretary of. Agriculture nor any­body else to teil him-to soften his feelings with the- diRtribu­tion of $250,000 in prizes. To m-y mind, it seems· rid1culous.

I do not think there is any Senntor here \\rho ,-,.:m conten-d that the du tlibution of these prizes apportioned~ among the States in accordance wlth· their relative prod'ucrtoru is go­ing to encourage at this time· the production of sbtb-le food­stuffs. The only tbing that will eneouruge the. protluction of stahle foodstuffs at t!liR time- is a more liberal attituue on tht> p-art of tbe Food Adrnini trution. and nothing else:; Hnd some of the Seuator listened to the te!'ltimony that was given before the Committee on Agriculture within tlie lust two ,,·eek:s- they wouhl be. I urn quite sure. <leeply illsturbed as·· tn· the' footl prospects in this country and in our-· allies •. countties· _ ~he dis-

trihution of prizes. may I say to the Senator- from MisRouri. is not going to do any good. It is not going to make· the farmer feel mud~ !Jetter about it.

l\Ir. REED. 1\lr. PreRident-- . The - PRESIDING Oii'FICER~ Does the Senator from New

York yield to the Senator from Missouri? Mr. W ADSWOR.TH. I yield. . . l\Ir. REED. l\h·. President. I shonlu like to sny · at tllis poiut

tllat I have ' been with the Banking and CurrE>ney Committf!e anu had just come into the Chamber when I heard tile renwrk ma<le that occa. ionerl my t~emm:k, I diu not int(-ln(} mv rerun r·ks to apply to this question of prizes at all. I intended it to HJlply to the geneml chee e-puring polic-y that ba~ been pm·sue{l here in regard to our agricultuntl bills in the Senate aud the atti­tude that hns been ns~-umetl so often. I am glatt tO' · have the opportunity to make thnt statement.

Now, while I am on my feet. if the Senator 11rom N('w- York will allow me. I wish to makE> a further statement. That~ is ahNolutely no que. tion that the Senator from New York, so far as he has stnteu the case, has :o;tnted the ah olute fact with re-. gurd to t11e conditions that confront the countrv. . I expect in · a <lay or two to pay some attent.ion tu tlli:;:. policy that has prouucetl a higher price for rye and barley an•l infe1·1or grain than whent is permitted to bring. to this rtnUey that make~ it mote profitable for a farmer to plunt rye- anti hurley and oats than it <loes to plant wht:>at. and LPuch more IWotit:~ble to plant corn than either. to this ·policy that is canRin~ thou­sands of immature bOh"S to be mnrketecl because rhP em·n is worth more in the bin than it is when it has heen tram:;fonned into pork, to this policy of the Food A<lministration that has produced con. ternation among tJ1e far·mers of thL" countrv from one enu to the other, and that mstend of giving us· thHt stuhility which is nece!'l. ary to im·estment anu to lnbor liu~ gh't:'n us in­stability. to this policy · which teHs us for· 8 or tn- months ot tlle yeur to huve meatless days. an<l then turns ar·uutul and tells us- all at once that we need to eat mnre mPat in ordeL· to save when t, this poli<:y which tells us one day that thPre is wheat that can not be moved and that the rnflroads nre to blame, Hnd the next rlay when thP cars are tendered lml'ks away from tbe propo.' ition anu tllep assigns, as it ll.&'ignt>tl this morning, as the cau e of wheat slwrtuge. that the wheat is not in the country, when everybody knows that there. hus been less wheat shippeu abroad tban lias been shipped in normal years.

I think that statement is so everyborly knows it. r feel confi­dent of it. I _ have not looked it up, but this poJi •y, t $ly, that gave us meatle:s dnys and prescribed that we should eat chicken, anti then turnetl around anu provilled tbat we ~hould have meat dHys anti that chicke.n should not be mart\C"te<l. to thi. foolish, idiotic policy which seems to think you can save fooJI b-y enting all of a certain kind one day anti all of-unothl•r kiJul tbt> next day. alternating in that manner, instead of eating iu tlle- m·tlinury and usual way tbat hurrron beings have done nntil our friend came here from Englan<l to refor·m tlle world and chan~e the bnbit of the American people nntl to intro<iu<'e a ~n .. ntl tleul of confusion into American life, anu who. accor<llng tn the Chicago Tribune, ha taken into his wort\ing fore some represf.'ntntives of the paekers who have been drawing very lurge sahn·ies and who are the occasion of examination by l\!L·. Heney.

Mr. WADS WORTH. I ~imply cte!-lire to expi·ess the hopp that the S~nnte will fl\'e this $250.000 and u-se it fllr" somPfhing real.

Mr. WILLIAMS. Mr. President, I do not want to enter into any debate· with the Senator from l\Ii~sour·i [l\'1r. RKJ<.:ul <:un­ceming the Foou Auministration or the Fuotf A<lministratur. What l'ie said upon that subje<'t is in·elevuut to tlie pre;ent question under di. cussion. But l do want to answer some­thing that was said l)y the Senator from · New Yorm [1\Ir. \VAns­woRTH].

The- ~nator from New York criticizes· tbe appropriation: which is made for this pm-pose of encoumging:_ lmpruved agri• culture by- pTi7.es and' premiums as being atlsolutPiy useless nmengst a people of 100,000,000 wltb· our agri ·uttural pr()w

· ductiAm:. If the Senator- from_ New York- means- hv that that tlie appropriation ou~ht to be larger; 1 a~ree with ·hilll. hut if he means- by it that prizE's to men in the- agricultnral husiness do not have any effect upon the f)ro<luction of Of..'l·ie-nlturnl prod· ucts I beg leavP to fli~a~ee with him: amJ my cJb1greement grows out of obsermtion and expE:>r•ience.

The· prizes offered to the bo~·s· corn clubs· in the Soutfi.­every outherner here· will bem· me out-lia.ve· letl nlmos;t· to a revolation in corn prO<luf'tion in that part uf the <'utmtry. It has- m.1t heen very; long since· nearly every suuthPt'n Rtatp iJn.. ported' the ma·jnr. part of its food for· mnn nnrl1 l>em:tf!.. whHe it raised other things. It ha..~· not Jwen ve1·y long since in my :::H:u.te an average cr~p of corn was- 19 to- 22 bushels per acre,. cJepend:.

1918. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. SENATE. 2987 ing upon the year. After the State and Federal agricultural agencies and other interests began giving prizes to boys in corn clubs and to girls in canning-food clubs, and all that, the , production of corn per acre went up and the supply of vegeta­bles for winter increased very much. Why? . Because the boys made more corn? No. They did make more corn, but that could not affect the entire production in any appreciable per­centage. Tpey made more corn, I say, because in my county three or four boys made over 100 bushels to the acre, and a ·young fellow in South Carolina made 236 bushels, I believe, though I have forgotten the exact figures-anyhow, the largest production per acre in the Union. That was all in a country not regarded as a good corn country.

It does not compare with the "Egypt" country in Illinois, nor Indiana, nor Iowa as a corn counh·y. The real increase came from this, that when these boys had learned it it aston­ished their fathers, and their fathers got on the methods "·hich the boys had been taught and which resulted in this mirac­ulous added production. Their fathers took adY:mtage of the les ons which their children had learned, and the consequence has been thnt the production per acre has been increased enor­mously. That is not all .; the Senator from 1issouri tells us that we have been "marketing immature hogs." That is also erroneou . Southern corn ha · not been going into hogs for the market hitherto. No southerner felt that he could make money at fattening hogs with corn, because the corn in the market was worth more than the hog~. But so far from that statement of marketing immature hogs being true, I saw the report yesterday or the day before that the average weight of hogs in the American market had gone up some 20 pounds this year over the year before, and that I think is very largely due to the fact that in the South more hogs were kept, and the bogs were better fed. Instead of being merely called up to be fed when \Ye were ready to kill them they were fed pretty nearly all the year around, not upon corn always but upon products of \·arious sorts.

The Senator from New York is mistaken in thinking that vrizes given to men for increased production in agriculture stop with the prize maker. The achievement goes all over his neigh­borhood. It spreads from one neighborhood to another. "You say that John Martin's boy raised 102 bushels of corn to the acre!" "Yes; I do. I saw it gathered and measured." "In the name of Heaven how did he do it?" Then, the other fellow sit down and tells him how it happened, how he fertilized, what sort of seed corn was planted, what was the species of cultiYa­tion, and all about it, and then the inquirer goes home and attempts at any rate to imitate hi.ro, and the emulation or rivalry spreads all over the country.

.Mr. President, there are all sorts of expenditures made by the Federal Government less profitable than this, and I dQ not speak of war expenditures, because as far as I am concerned I would drop the appropriations for almost everything in the world, if necessary to have money in order to win the war. l\fy soul is so wrapped up in this war that if I thought the other side of the Chamber could bring it .to a successful termination and this side could not, I would be willing to give that side full power. I am so wrapped up in the .necessity of winning it, caused by the conviction upon my part tbat national life will not be worth living unless we do win it, that I would not take one dollar from military purposes, and if I thought. this money was to be subtracted from military purposes I would not do that. I would not vote, and will not vote, for a single new building nor park nor monument, and I will not vote for any­thing useful merely for peace purposes that we can · postpone until after the war. But here is a direct war purpose. Increase the production of corn; increase the production of cattle; in­crease the production of hogs, into which the corn and the other agricultural products go. How? By forcing the people to do it? You can not do that under a free government. By inducing them to do it is the answer. In the South I know that the process of indu<;ing has been begun, and that it has been very highly successful.

I served for 10 years in the House of Representatives upon the Agricultural Committee with the father of the Senator from New York [1\fr. WADSWORTH]. His father was the chairman of the committee, and I was its senior Democratic member. We held appropriations down to a reasonable point all the time. I have never been extravagant about nn Agricultural appropria­tion bill. His father and I togeth~r saved the Treasury from the expenditure of many a useless dollar that was put on the bill for the purpose of "farming the farmer," and not for the pur­po e of farming the land. In this particular case, however, the. Senator from New York is mistaken. This is a matter of great importn11ce _and will result in great gQod. l\Iy only objection to

it is that, being of the utmost importance, we yet can not very well at this time appropriate any more than the bill now carries.

l\fr. 1\lcCUl\fBER. l\fr. President, I nm going to ask the chairman of the committee if he will not cor!sent to put this appropriation of $250,000 in another portion of the bill, .where it win bring practical results? I presume the Senator has had before him, and that there has been l;>efore the committee, some argument concerning the rust and the methods of meeting the rust. I notice that $100,000 has been appropriated for that pm'pose.

Let me call the attention of the Senator in charge of this bill to the fact that three days of a change of weather in 1916 caused a loss in three States in the Union of very close to $100,GOO,OOO in the value of a crop. That was caused by the black rust. The black rust differs in no respect from the yellow rust, e:s:cept that the spore are a little older. Several hundred years ago; in France, after a careful investigation, it was found tha ~ the origin of these spores was located and t2at they were always developed on a certain kind of vegetatio:J, which is known here ::s the barberry bush. Scientists an<.l those of the highest standing in biology tell us that the rust spores always originate from the barberry bush hedges, and so forth; that, at least, they have never been known to originate any­where else; that they will travel with the wind, and in a single day may spread over a thousand miles from the· place of their origin. -

Now, it is proposed to appropriate $100,000 for the eradica­tion of the rust. The loss every year from that source will run into many millions of dollars; and, if the straw is exceptiona)ly heavy and there is the likelihood of a' moist seasou, the loss will even run into the l:undreds of millions of dollars.

These same scientists say that the only remedy now is to destroy the barberry bush, which is used for hedges in different cities and throughout the States. You can not destroy them by an act of Congress, because we can not reach by our legislation into the States and assume police authority, but · w~ can act in conjunction with the several agricultural States. I do not belie-ve there is an agricultural college in any ~ ne of the States that does not agree, and. absolutely agree, with the assertion th·at the rust spores_ always originate in the barberry bush, and if you can destroy that you can probably destro:' the ravages of rust. .

l\:Ir. V ARDA:MAN. :Mr. President--The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from North

Dakota yield to the Senator from Mississippi? 1\lr. 1\IcCUMBER. I shall do so in just one moment. This bill carries about $28,000,000 or $29,000,000, if I remem­

ber rightly, and here is a damage that is never less than twenty-eight or thirty or forty million dollars in a year, and it often runs very close to a hundred million dollars in a year.

There is no necessity of studying further as to the question of where the rust originates, because I understand that all scientists practically agree about ti.at. So it is not simply a question of destruction. That being the case, you will do a hundred times as much good if you will take that extra $250,000 that you now appropriate for prizes and provide that it may be used, in conjunction with the States, in the extermina­tion of the barberry bush, from which originate the spores that destroy the crops of the Northwest.

I now yield to the Sen a tor from 1\fississippi. Mr. VARDAl\fAN. Mr. President, I desired to ask the Sena­

tor from North Dakota if it were possible, by spraying -or other similar treatment, to destroy the insect, germ, or whatever it may be, that produces the rust. Is it necessary, in order ·~o accomplish that object, to destroy the bush?

Mr. 1\IcCUl\IBER. When. I state to the Senator from 1\Iis­sissippi that in a single day, if the wind is blowing in the right direction, those spores cover an acreage equivalent to three or four of the big States of the Union, he will see the impos­sibility of affording a remedy by spraying.

Mr. VARDAMAN. I did nof ask the Senator if the spores could be killed by spraying after they fall on the wheat, but I asked the Senator if they could be destroyed by spraying the bush where they originate.

l\fr. 1\IcCUMBER. 'Veil, they might possibly be. 1\I.r. V ARDAl\IAN. I want to say to the Senator that I shall

cheerfully vote to give him or the farmers of his section any amount that he thinks could be prudently and profitably ex­pended for the destruction of that pest, and I think the money would be well invested if tlre appropriation should be made. Agriculture is the base, the substratum, upon which all perma­nent prosperity rests in this country, and I deem it a privilege as well as a patriotic duty to vote for every measure which has for its purpose and that I believe will promote the interest

2988 OONGI~ESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE. ~{ARCH 4;

nncl prosperity of the people who till thE" soil . I believe that any help to the fanuer-.; by the Government which i.L..:teases their yiel<l promot~ the n·eJI-being of all dnsses of society.

l\lr. McCU~IBEH. l\lr. Pl·esident, there is a limit. of course, to our right to eypencl the people's money. We can not in any appropriation bill giYe everything that we should li'te to give. lVe ought: hO\vewr, to appropriate the money which is rai~ed by taxation in such manner that its U."~e n·iU clo the greatt:>st po sib!e good; amJ I in~L<~t that thi. $250.000. if it is used for the purpose of meeting the ravages of rust, \Vill accomplish a thousandfold more goou than it n"oulcl be possihle for it to ac­complish iu tlw matter of the.<:;e prizes. I hope the chnirman of t:Qe committee will be willing, if there can not be appropriated more than the amount which is provillPd for in thi bill, to drop the prQvi~ion n·hich proposes to appropriate $250,000 for the purpo ·e of giving prizes, and use it in meeting the evil of the rust.

l\Ir. GORE. 1\Ir. President. I wish to say that I do not umler­estirnate the importance of the pr·oposition which bas been ad­vanced by the Senntor fr·om North Dakota [Mr. McCUMBER]. The de. irability of exterminating the source and origin of thP rust mul't be olwious to every man. My recollection is that the committee gm·e what the clepartnu•nt estimnted upon that item. The Senator's argLm,ent has com·incE>d mp that the estimate was pot ~ufficient. ·There is nothing binding ahout estimates. I shall not, therefore, as chairrunn of the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, hesitate to vote for an increase in that particular item.

l\lr. GALLINGER. Mr. President, may I a.sk the SP.nator a question?

The PHESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator fl·f)m Okla­lwma yield to the .'Pnator from New Hampshire?

:1\Jr. GORE. I yield. Mr. GALLINGER I nill ask if the Senator knows whether

or not the department made an estimate and advL«ed the com­mittee to place in the bill the item under consideration covering Pl'iZP.R?

Mr. GORE. No; I win say that It did not, Mr. President; and I will touch on that point in a moment. This wa-'" another instance where the committee felt that it ha<) an opportunity to rencler some public service without a direct -commission from the department to render that service. ·

I wish to say, in t·eterence to the remarks of the Sennt<?r from New York [l\Ir. WADSWORTH J. that I think he put Ius fin[!er on the fundamental nspects of the pref:erit situation. I think that the Food Administration has discouraged· production. I think the production of wheat this year \vill be less than it would otherwise have been. I thin!< that is a misfortune, which cer-tainly may amount to a calamity. .

I also agree with him that perhaps the Food Administration and perhap~- the Sennte do not apprecinte the real gravity of the sitlwtion. The preshlent of Cornell University, \-Vblch is one of the lm~est agricultural institutions in America, I'e('ently de­clared that there was only a narrow margin between this conn­try and an inferno of stm·vation. That is pretty strong lan­guage; I rlo not know whether I shonlu u~e langua:re so strong as that; but I do know that the situation is serious, and that we may before long be lookin~ famine in the . face, which we oug-ht to have aYerted.· lt is incumbent upon us to avert not only the dan~er but the possibility of a shortage- of food.«tuffs in this country, so far- as human foresight can anticipate condi­tions. anu meet them looking to that enu.

Evidence is acc-umulating as to the food crisis which is threatened. I hope that before long a report may be submitted to the Senate, or· an argument may be presented to the Senate, which '"'ill imprP s the gravity of tlle situation upon each und every Uemher of this body.

One of the Senntot·'s complaints was that the amount provirled in thi.c:; amendment was not enough. I think that is the only objection to which the amendment i.s liable. I do not think. it is enough. ·

I do not agree with the Senator that the prospect of prizes anu premiums. would not . stimulate incren.o::;e<.l production. The spirit of emulation is one of the stron~e t instincts and impulses of human nnture. It has impelled·men to fents of heroism which mere sordid gain coulfl never inspire. Thig is not a matter of theory; it hu~ bef'n applied in many of the Southern States. The production of cm·n in the Southern States hns bE>en doubled. ancJ in man;v localities it has been trebled by the prizes which lun·e heen offered on the part of voluntary or;!nnizations and a.ssociation. . I have proved my faith by my works. For five y~nrs in my State I gave an annual premium of $100 to the- boys I:n•tking the be t record in contests between the boys' corn clubs in t11at State. Those cgnte t , born of a spiJ.·it of emulation and

a desire to excel, have borne splendid fruit in many of the Southern States. ·

There are 46 State fairs in the United ~tates; there are !!.000 or more ·county fairs; and I illn·e no doubt that by wise admin­istration and <li tributiou of these prizes uuu premiums prouuc­tion can bE> greatly stimulated.

l\lr. GALLINGER l\h. President, I desire to a,<:;k the Senator from Oklahoma \Yhetller illl of those State frurs ancl all of t110se county fairs are not givtog prizes for the best exhibition of the products of the farm?

Mr. GORE. I tliink they are; but the Committee on Agricul­tm·e felt that this was a national .problem-not a Stnte problem and not a local problem. The Committee on Agriculture was not williug to be outrUll in this great national ser·vice by the States, by the counties, m· by mere local organizations of mer­chants an1l rommen·ial clubs. We felt tllnt we ought to have sufficient vision to apprecinte the importance of this situntion. The. Committee on 4-rn-icultm·e feels tllat some re pon:,.ihility devolves upon it to aid in arousing interest in the conditions ns they relate to food and to foo<l supply. and in recommending any n"ise means possible which may contribute to a sntisfuctory solution of that problem. If th<>se prh:es in('J'ense rwollurtiou n half_ million dollars only, we will hnve realized 100 ·per ent profit on our investment. Thnt it n·ill uo so, if wiRely adminis­tered through the various ~tate :mrl county fairs, I thlnk there can not he the sli~htest pos. ibility of donb~

While- much bas happened under the Food Administration which mi~ht profitably have huppen<:>d othPn\·ise--und 1 shall not be diverted at this point to a discussion of that que. tion­the fact that it hns clone somethings it ou~ht not to have done, tlmt it has discouraged pro1luctiou, aud thnt it mny be heyond our power to remedy thnt situation. is no renson why we should not, so far as \Ye can. meet out· t·esponsibility and dischnr~e our duty at least hy stimulating p1·oduction. I hope the amend­ment will be adopted, nn1l I have no <louht--

l\1r. WILLIAl\lS. This will eneourn~e RtHtes an<l counties and other organizations to offer additional prizes.

Mr. GORE. Undoubtedly it will, :md the national prize, in n.dd .tion to the State prize, n·ould be un obje<.'t worthy to be striven for and undoubtedly would be an object of ambition. Boys' corn clubs and boys' pig duh~ and girls'· poultry clubs throughout the country llave contributed a greut <leu! to rn­creased prod11ction. Production. production, production is the supreme and paramount purpose to-d:~ y.

Some have minimized product·on by laying too much em­phasis on distrlbution. I think that has been the fundamental defect in our policy up to this time. We have magnified the importance of clistr:bution and have minimized the importance of production. A perfect sy tern of di!_::itribrrtion, the most ehtborate and perfected machinery for uistribution, would be utt~rly vain if there be nothing to distribute. We can uot, Senators, overdo production tb"s year. However much we may expand it, then~ will be an urg nt and an ill8istent demaud for more. We will hear.·from the lips of our allies the cry of the bor e leech's daughter. wqrthily muue, nnd it should be our desire to gratify it-more, more, ruore, and still more food. To meet that cry let ns have more production. and in th's instance let us resolve the uoubt in favor of offering tb£> prizes and

·premiums in the hope tbnt it n·ill stimulate produetiun, and if it fulls short of that result, if evil days come, !f le~tn months come upon ils in the future, let no on~>! say that the Senate Com­mittee on A[!ricuJture at least was derelict in its duty. That is tl1e theory upon whi<:h the comruittee acted. Mr~ GH.ONNA. 1\Ir. l'resitlent, I shall detain the Senate

only a few moments. because I have been called to the Com­mittee on Banking and Currency; but, in audition to what my colleague [.1\lr. lHcGuMBER] has saiu, I de~ire to sta~e that his e~timate as to the loss from the black rust within one year alone is not high enough, ·

I desire to ay to my colleague and to the Senate that we Pstimated. in North Dakota in 1916 that we would protluee 160.000,900 bushels of wheat. but, uue to the blnck rust, ns my colleague bas stated, we raised only 39,000,000 bushels,

I have pleaded and pleaded with those in authority to make recommendations and ask for appropriHtions to destroy tbe barberry bush, because tbere is where the blnck-ru~t microbe originates. I have stood on this floor time :md a~ain aRkiug Members of tllis body to take action. and calling the attention of the department to the ~ce sity of in('reasiug the e appro­priations in order to increase the production of grain, and I think we must ull agree that that is highly neces~ary, especinlly .at this time.

I am not opposed to this particular appropriation. I nm a member of the Committee on Agriculture ahd Foresn·y, aml I

1918. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 2989

was present when the amenument '\\as propose<l. I sai<l at that time to the other mep1bers \Yho were present that, while I had no objection to it, I kne\Y of other methods which. would be far superior to this one to increase production, especmlly of wheat.

I am glad the Senator from Mississippi [Mr. WILLIAMS] is here, be~ause I want to read to him and to the Senate a state­ment which can not be controverted. I heard the Senator from Mississippi say the other day . that prices could not be fixed by law, but that ultimately they would be regulated and fixed on a competitive basis under the law of supply and de~ man d.

l\lr. WILLIAMS. ~h. President, I do not want to be mis~ quoted.

1\fr. GRONNA. I do not desire to misquote the Senator. - ~1r. \VILLIAl\1S. I did not say that prices coul<l not be fixed, but I said if they were fixed the result would be either tu dis~ turb production if they were fixed too low or to encourage speculation if they were fixed too high.

l\1r. GRONNA. That is ab olutely true. l\1r. WILLIAl\1S. Of course there is a psychological influ~nce

of an appeal to pah·iotism that might have some effect, but it is a natural economic law that governs, and there is no escape from it.

Mr. GRONNA. That is perfectly true. I wish at this point to read from a newspaper the quotations on different kinds of grain. On February 27 the market at Duluth, 1\Iinn., was, for No. 1 clark northern, $2.21; for No. 1 I!Orthern, $2.17; for No. 2 dark northern, $2.18; for No. 2 northern, $2.14; for No. 3 dark northern, $2.14; for No. 3 northern, $2.11; for No. 1 durum. $2.11; for No. 2 durum, $2.14; for No. 3 yellow corn, $2.14 to ~2.15; for barley, $1.83 to $2.16; for rye, $2.53. .

A bushel of barley bas to weigh only 48 pounds, and yet, Mr. Pre ident, a bushel of barley is worth more in the market than a bushel of wheat. Every sensible man knows that a bushel of barley is not as valuable f0r food as a bul=ihel_ of wheat. Every sensible man knows that a bushel of rye, we~gh­ing 56 pounds, is not as valuable for bread and for food as .1s a busllel of wheat. The economic conditions have been chsar~ ranged, and people in the agricultural sections of the coun~ try have been discouraged from producing wheat.

That is not the whole story. While we are talking about the microbes pr.opagated on the barberry bush, let us refer also to the microbe at the other end which we have to con­front every year whether we have the barberry bush and the black ru!';t or ndt, ancl that is some of the combinations and grain exchanges, also called chambers of commerce, which are always operating. I am going to take the time of the Senate when we reach the amendment which I introduced at the sug­gestion of the Secretary of· Agricultui·e, proposing that stand~ ardization of grades shall be fixed on milling tests, and he realizes now the importance of it. I will try to show the effects of the false standards now prevailing and also show the effects in the prices of grain. We will say that No. 1 hard \'Vheat is mixed with 15 per cent of No. 1 winter wheat. One is as good and as valuable for flour as the other, but if there is a small -percentage of this winter wheat mixed with the spring wheat it is reduced to No. 4. I have a sample of that kind on my desk. The difference in the price to the farmer is from 24 to 25 cents a bushel; and yet when we ask an ap­propriation of $50,000 for a little flour mill-and it is not in~ tended to ere<>t -a building, but to provide machinery in order to make tests-but when it is proposed to fix standards based upon the baking and milling qualities of grain we are laughed to scorn by some of the Senators here, although the reduction in grade involves millions and millions of dollars of loss to the farmers of this country. That is how production is dis~ . com· aged.

I understand the item for the flour mill has been passed over; I was not here at the time becau e I was in attendance upon other business of the Senate, but I understand that item has been passed over.

Mr. WARREN. I understand that amendment has been ·accepted. -

l\fr. GRONNA. I reier to the item for ,a flour mill to make tests as to milling and baking properties, and I unuerstand it was passed over. It was designed .to -enable the Agricultural Department to make tests to ascertain the value of different kinds of grain and then to make their standardization ac~

corclingly. Yet Senators on this floor say that it is an ex­travagance to appropriate $50,000 to enable the Secretary of Agriculture or the Bureau of Standards to get the informa~ tion which is needed in order to do justice not only to the

section of the country from which I come but to .the entire country.

Now, l\Ir. President, I am not objecting to the appropriation of $250,000 for prizes and premiums, us is pl'oposeu in t11is bilL I believe it will do some good and perhaps help to stimulate pro~ duction; but '\Yhy should we dif;criminute against the people in certain sectious of the country, restrict the price on wheat, nnd discourage production, and then let the industries in the other sections of the country go unrestricted? The production of wheat can not be increased by any such method as is proposeu here; I know that very well. Perhaps you can increase the pro~ duction of >egetables and encourage some schoolmarm who has a few spare dollars to buy a pig and enter the new field of patriotic pig raising, or something of that sort, but you can not increase the production of whPat by promising such premiums as propos:ed in this amendment after having taken _from the farmer his market, as you did a year ago.

What is the result? What did we ha>e to do in my State this year? The governor of the State culled the legislnture tog-ether in extraordinary session for the purpose of enacting a law that '\'\'oul<l enable the counties in the State to issue bonds to buy seed an<l feed for the farmers an<l ~ell it to them on time. This is not a very good story to tell ; it presents a gloomy picture, but it is true. It shows the financial condition of the wheat farmer. In my State there are many counties that ha>e >oteu to bond themselves for upward of $300,000, to be used in the purchase of seed, to be sold to the farmers on time. Does that indicate that these people have made ail unduly I:u·ge amount of money? On the other hand, does it not indicate that they have been discriminated against and that they are unable to go on with thei.r farming operations simply because they have not received as much for the product as it has cost tbem to pro~ duce it?

l\fr. BRANDEGEE. Mr. President--The PRESIDING OFFICER (1\Ir. MYERs in the chair). Does

the Senator from North Dakota yield to the Senator from Con­necticut?

l\Ir. GRONNA. Yes. _ . 1\Ir. BU.ANDEGEE. I am very much interested in what the

Senator is saying, but I wondered why the farmers did not have the seell wheat. Did they not raise enough wheat for seed or did they sell all the wheat they raised without reserving any for seed?

1\Ir. GRONNA. I will say to the Senator that I think the State raised more than enough to meet the seed requirements. In the so-called Red· River Valley we raised a good crop. In the western section of the State the farmers averaged about fro1n 2 bushels to 3 bushels to the acre, and that would have been more than enough for seed. The quality was exceptionally goou ; · we raised no poor wheat in om· State this year because ,,.-e had a dry season, but every bushel of wheat cost them a great <leal more than they received for it. The aver-age for the State was about 7 bushels, and any man who knows anything about the cost of cultivating an acre of ground in the West knows that it can not be done for $14 an acre, without even taking into consid~ eration the cost on the investment.

l\fr. BRANDEGEE. What I am trying to get at is, why the farmers parted with their seed wheat? I supposed their primary duty was to keep enough ~heat for next year's seed.

l\1r. GRONNA. I want to say to the Senator that the reason why they parted with the seed was that they had to sell in order to meet certain obligations and in order to get SDmething to eat, something to live on. That is the condition.

Mr. President, as I said, I shall not oppose this amendment; but I believe, · as my colleague [M1·. McCUMBER] said, that we should have appropriated more money for the desh·uction of the barberry bush, and '\\e should also change the language so that we could be sure that '\\e :!ould use the money for its de· struction. The language of this provision is to enable the department to study and to learn ~omething about these in­sects. Why, we know what is to be done. It is the same with the barberry bush as it is with the cattle tick. All you have to do is simply to get the ' men and means to do -it, to eradicate it, to get ride of it. That is all there is to it; and I doubt whether the Agricultural Department will let us use any of this money for the real destruction of the barberry bush.

Mr. \VILLIAl\IS. As I understand, then, the Senator wants to change the language so that it can be appropriated for the purpose of being used in cooperation with the State authori~ ties for the destruction of the barberry bush. Is that it?

Mr. GRONNA. Exactly. That is what I should like to have. done.

Mr. WILLIAMS. If it is known that that is the cause of this spore, it seems to me evident that there ought to be no

2990 CONGRESSION .AL _ RECOlU)-SEN A'l'E.- }fAROIT 4, -

inclefluHene s about the langunge which will prevent it being used for the purpose of reaching the evil.

Mr. GH.ONNA. · 'l'hat Is exactly t))e truth. There is no need of fm·ther study of it, becau~e. as my ~olleag:ue bas said. prac­tiC'nll~· all the sciE'Uti!'ts agree thut it orginates in tl1e bm·berry bush. a!Hl all we hnve to do to eradi·cate this evil is simply to uestroy the barberry bush.

1\Ir. ~lcCUMBER 1\Jr. Pre::;ident, if I may have the attention of the thainnun of the committf>E' again, I am not .complaining at all ugain;-;t cl propet· approp1·iution to be expended in prizes. I agree thnt it may stimulate pro<luction to some extent. but I wunt the eurne t and serious con ideration of the chairman to thil'l point:

HE' provides for an approprifl tion of $250,000 to be expended in prizes to o;;tinmlate production. He thinks that that may ·tirnulate produ<.'tion $f>OO,OOO. half a million dollars, in value. Po.·sibly thHt is true; but what is more important than increas­ing the prodll<'tlon hnlf 11 million dollars is to decrease the de­struction 'lOO.WO.OOO; and he appropriates ·only $100.000 to meet this great J'aYnge. which, my collengue says. amounted in om· Stnte alone to more thnn $100,000.000 in a single year, while he appropriates $2:10.000. or two nnd a half time!': as much, to stimulate produ<'tion which he himself thinks might produce half a million dollars more. It is the disproportion in tb~ matter of these nppropriation~ that uppeals to me.

1\fr. GOHE. Mr. Presi<lent--l\lr. ~leCUl\IBEH. I yield to the Senator. l\1r. GORE. Th~ Senntor do not have to rea~on with me

about the importance of this nu1.tter. I have no objection. I hope the language will bP changed, if a chang~ be neee. ary or even .Je'lrahle. :::;o a to uuthoi·iz~ the u e of this money for the extf>rmination of thf> barberry hush. I will say to the Senator that the Henate Committee on Agriculture and Forestrv in­creased the e timute for the rust $50.000. We were vetl'ture­some enough to increase that appropriation $50.000 without any ~pecial perwit to do so. If that is not enough, I am willing to go farther. Hn<l I um ·willing to ·go faster. I doubt if anybmly will go fartner or fastet· than I will go in advocacy of any proposition whkh really promises. on the .. :me hand, to stimu­late production. to increase production, or, on the othe:· hand. to obviat~ the artificial. arbitrary. m· tlccidental destruetion of pro­duction. I think that both purpo~es ought to be studiously ob 'erved. They are thf> same in effed.

1\Ir. l\IcCUl\IBER. Let me say to the Senator that I think the language of the bill as .propo, ed is sufficient to cover <·lestruc­tion. I do not think it is ab olutely necessary as a ma-ttet· of fact, although I think it is preferable to insert the words " for the destrut:tion," because the provision i that $100.000 shall be

- 8et a 'itle for the investigation and control of t11ese diseases; and if the only method of control is the destruction of the bnrben·y bu h, where the germ originates, then I should think thnt thnt was broad enough to cover it. But I want to say to the Senatm· that beforE' \Ye get through with this bill I shall ask to have that $100.000 increased to $250,000, and I hope the Senator will agree also to an amendment that it shall be usetl in the inve ti­gation and the destrudion of this particular busll. As I state<l before, that can not be done witllout the assistance of the • ev­eral States; but I do not know of a ingle agricultural Stute. in the spring-wheat section ut least. that would not find means to assist in getting rid of every such bush in the State.

1\Ir. C10RE. l\lr. President. I think it would be very short­sighted for the Senate to overlook anything whicll might carry out the Senator's ubjed and stay the ravages of the spores originating with the barberry bush. The only · point I was making is that we m·e as ·ociating here, in this debate, two things which have no relation to each other. It is desirable to have an abundance of milk available for infants and growing children. It i al o desirable to find ways and means to eradi­cate infantile paraly ·is. but there is no reason to diminish the supply of available milk in order to eradicate the paralysis. Let us do both. Let us offer ·these prizes to stimulate production, and let us eradicate the barberry bush and eradicate the rust. It seem~ tv me that the proposition which the Senator from North Dakota has advocated is not inferior to the proposition touchin~ the cattle tick whi<.'h was discussed here this <tfternoon. They are of equal importance; and it would be extremely short­sighted on the part of the Senate to practice an unwise or niggardly economy in arresting the prosecution of that work of erauic.ation.

l\lr. BHA.."\DEGEE. Mt·. Pre ident. may I suggest to the Senator· ft·om North Dakota tllat if he will offer an amendment to curry out lHs views, I think~-

1\fr. GOHE. Wl' have nut reached it yet. 1\fr. GHONNA. l\ly amendment would not be to the par­

Ucnlar question now under consideration.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on agrct=>ing to the committee amendment. [Putting the que 'tiou.J The Chair is in doubt.

1\Ir. FLETCHER. Mr. President, I think if the question is put ugain, the Chair will be satisfied. ~he PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is Dn agreeing

to the amendment of the committee. The amendment was agreed to. 'l'he f\ECRETARY. On pMge 92, after line 20, in lieu of the

amendment propo. ~cl by the comPlittE>e. the Senator from Okla­homa propol'el' the following substitute:

To enable t}lP ~ecretary of A~riculturE' to establish and opPrat Pll!-ots for the drymg <?r dehydrutwn of vcgE'tabiPs, fi'Uits. and othf'r edible product , lncludmg the erection or n•nt of nect•ssary build­ings and cooperation - -

l\lr~ GORE. l\Ir. President. is the Secrptnry reading the sub­titute or the amendment reported by the committet!? The PHESIDIN"G OFFICEH. Th~ ~eeretury is readin.-r the

substitute of the Sen:ttor fTom Oklahoma. o

ThP SECRETARY (continuing)-with plants maintain<'d and opPrntr d for the manufacture of such p~oducts, to ~urcha P raw matt>rial. to standardize, &~' II. or otb .. rwiso dispose of dned pr ,ducts, a.nc.l for all nf'cN:Rary <'XpPnS<'s inclndin'"" salaries in '"\ashmg•on aud el. E'WhPre, :!!JO.OOO. which sum ~; hall l>e •mmroiat<'ly availab_IE' upon the passage of this act, and this fund may be used as a rP\olvmg fund unt1l June 30, Hll!J.

l\lr. S~IOOT. l\Ir. Pre. i(knt--1\Jr. W'ILLIAl\if\. 1\Ir. Pre!':idf>nt. the Rec1·et;uy hns rf>ad the

substitute. hut I tlo not remember his having read the committee amendment for v•hich it i~ a suhstitute.

The PUESIDI~G OFFICER. Does the Senntor ask that· the connnittee nmenclment may be read al o?

1\11·. WILLIAMS. Yes. The PHERIDIN"G OFFICI•~R. The Secretary will read the

amendment of the committee. 'l'he SE RETARY. On pn~E> 92. after line 20, the committee pro­

po~e. to inl'ert the following: To enable the Secretary of AgrlculturC' to estnblfsb plnnts for tile

drying and dehydrntion of vcgetnbles. fruits. and olbcr edible products in connection with the lnnd g1·ant collegt>s in ti.J(> sevPrnl StatPs' $250.000: ProvidC'IT. Thnt t!le Sl'cretary of Agrlcnltut·e may estnblfsh such plant at some othPl' location in any pai·tkulnr Stnte whcnt' "el· in hi~ Jndgment the public interest would he snb~ervctl thet·eo.v: l'rorfdrd further. That the Sl'cretary of Agriculture may, in his dl :<cJ·etlon estnhlisb such plant in any pnt·ticulnr State in cooperation with States' counties,- municipalities. indlvidnals, ot· ns~ociRtions not orl!anlzcd for proflt. in which case tbe Sect·etary of Agricultnre shall not pay moro tbnn one-half of thP cost of establishing such plant. ·

l\lr. NOUHIS. l\Ir. Pre ident. I had not henrd the :-:ub:.;titute until it was read and did not know the Senator from Oklahoma was going to offet· it. I hnve prepare<l nn amendment that I was going to offer to the committee amendment, but I will offer it to the suh~titute.

. 1\Ir·. GOHE. l\lr. President, in view of the Senator's state· ment, I think it ,,·ould he hetter to pass owr this matter.

l\lr. NORRIS. I am going to a k that it be pasRed oYer when my am~ndment iR offered, so that it will be printe<l together with the substitute, be<:ause I expect to adore:~ the Rf>tmte at , orne length on this que tion of dehydration. I urn not prepm·ed to do it this evening. ,

I offer to the uhstitute the amendment tbat I .. sencl to the desk. It may be that it will not exactly correspoml. lwcuu e, as I ·say, I have had no Ol)portunity to examine it; but if it does not. I will correct it later on, when it comes up before the Sennte. ·

T~1e PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. KIRBY in the chair). Is there objection to the reque~t thnt the amenclment g-o over?

Mt·. GORE. 1\lr. President, I hope it will tnke that course: and I ought to sny, in ju~tification of offering the subRtitute, that it was prepare1l by the department. I offered it without

_.conference with the Committee on Agriculture nml ForeJ try as a sub titute for the c-ommittee amenrlment. but. a~ Senators know, I did not nnticipate that the bill would come up fot· con­sideration tl1is afternoon.

1\Ir. NORRIS. I ask that the amendment that I ~end to the de, k be read by the Secretary.

Mr. GORE. Yes, ir : let it be read, and tben I will ask that the whole matter be pnss~d over.

The PR-ESIDI~G OFFICER. Is this an amendment to an amendment or an amendment ton uhstitute for nn amendment?

l\1r. NORRIS. No; my nt::.H!ment i~ offered n.~:; an amend­ment to the sub~titute. I !ian~ n right. ns u mutter of course, under the rules to offer tbis amendment. A substitute is sub· ject to amemlment.

The PRESIDl~G OFFICER Without objection. the furthel' consi<leration of thi!': amerHllllPnt will bf> postponed for thl"' day.

Mr. NORHIS. I hiJuld like to JJan~ m:v amendment cead before it goes over. '

·' , .

1918. CONGRESSION .AL RECORD-SENATE. 2991 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Tl1e Ohair is in . doubt as to

whether the amendment of the Senator from Nebraska is in order.

1\fr. NORRIS. I can be read, however. The PRESIDING DFFICER. Yes; let it be read. The SECRETARY. At the end of the substitute proposed by

the Senator from Oklahoma it is proposed to add the follow­ing proviso :

Provided, That the Secretary of Agriculture is hereby authorized, upon request of the President, to use all or any part of this appropria­tion for the establishment of such plant or plants at any place in the United States for the purpo!re of supplying food for the Army and Navy.

The PRESIDING OFFICER Without objection, the further consideration of this amendment will be passed over. The Sec­retary will state the next amendment of the committee.

The next amendment was on page 93, after line 9, to insert : Farmers' National Congress and Pan-American International Farm

and Live-Stock Expositlon.-To enable the Secretary of Agriculture to coopet·ate with and make and exhibit illustrative ot the investigations, products, and processes relating to farming in the United States at the Pan-American International Farm and Live Stock Exposition, to be held at Jacksonville, !<~Ia., in conjunction with the Florida State Fair and Ex:positio14 during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, including labor and all expenses jn the <'ity of Washington and else­whet'('. $10,000.

The President is bm·eby authorized to extend invitations to other nations to appoint delegates or representatives to the Farmers' National Congress to be held at Jacksonville, Fla., in connection with said Pan­American International Farm and Live-Stock Exposition: Provided, That no appropriation shall be granted or used for the expenses of delegates.

1\Ir. SMOOT. 1\IT. President, I will inquire of the Senator if this is the first appropriation that bas been made by the Gov­ernment to assist the Pan-American International Farm and Live Stock Exposition to hold a session in conjunction with the Florida State Fair and ExposHion, OT any other State fair?

MT. GORE. I will say that so far as I know this is the first appropriation ; but the precedent was found in the appropriation for the International Dry Farming Congress, for which a series of appropriations has been made, extending over some five or six or seven years. At that congress exhibits are made from the various arid and semiarid States, and the Federal Goverl}­ment has been appropriating about $20,000 a year, I think, with the possible omission of last year, to make an exhibit represent­ing the National Government at this international exposition. I believe this year it is to meet at Kansas City. So far as I know, this is the first appropriation for this particular purpose.

1\.fr. SMOOT. Then hereafter we will have an annual appro­P:t:iation, will we, for the Farmers' National Congress and Pan­American International Farm and Live Stock Exposition?

Mr. GORE. I should not imagine so. Mr. SMOOT. I think we will, if we start it. l\1r. GORE. I do not know anything that justifies that appre­

hension. 1\lr. FLETCHER. Mr. President, I will state to the Senator

and to the Senate that this suggestion arises by reason of a \ery important meeting in Jacksonville, at the time of this State fair and exposition, of the Farmers' National Congress in con­junction with the Pan-American International Farm and Li\e Stock Exposition. The Farmers' National Congress and the Pan-American International Farm and Live Stock Exposition are all holding sessions on the exposition grounds, the exppsition fw·nishing the buildings and all that sort of thing. This is a small appropriation to exhibit there what the Government has to offer, showing its investigations, products, and processes re­lating to agriculture, but mainly live stock and matters of ill­terest both to the Farmers' National Congre~::.-s and to this in­ternational exposition. It is a small appropriation of only $10,000. I think the Government usually makes those exhibits anyhow, but it is directly in line with precedents where these conventions or congresses have been held in Western State~ In such cases appropriations similar to this ha\e been made, but of a larger runount. I think it is entirely appropriate, and will be of very great advantage, because this Farmers' National Congress is itself a Yery large organization, and has a large membership, and is doing splendid work; and then, in addition to that, the International. Farm and Live Stock Congress is a large organization, ooing splendid work in that field. This is simply to furnish an exhibit there of the i·esult of the investiga­tions nnd studies of the Department of Agriculture,· which will thus be carried to the members of these organizations that hap­pen to be holding their session now at this exposition.

l\1r. Sl\100T. l\1r. President, I am not at all surprised at the appropriation. Not only do I expect that this association will ask for $10,000 or more each year, but I expect that there will be new organizations established in the future, and, seeing that the Government appropriates annually certain amounts for

these associations to meet at different parts of the country, they will be added to annually hereafter.

1\fr. TOWNSEND. Mr. President, may I ask the Senator a question?

The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Utah yield to the Senator from 1Uichigan?

Mr. SMOOT. I do. 1\lr. TOWNSEND. I have not been able to attend the session

this afternoon. I should like to have the Senator from Utah tell me briefly of what advantage the Government is going to be to this exposition down in Jacksonville, Fla., for which this $10,000 is to be appropriated?

1\fr. SMOOT. I think the only advantage is that unless the Government of the United· States appropriates this money, per­haps the Farmers' National Congress and Pan American Inter­national Farm and Live Stock Exposition could not make a show at that State b ir. They, perhaps, could not collect enough money in order to have their representatives down there. I think that is' all there is to it.

Mr. TOWNSEND. Is the United States to make . an exhibit there, or to do anything as a Government which would be bene­ficial to the farmers?

Mr. SMOOT. I will say to the Senator that there has been no r.ppropriation for that purpose, and I doubt whether the Gov­ernment does make an exhibit there. I think this is a Florida State fair and exposition.

1\Ir. FLETCHER. l\1r. President, I will say in answer to the Senator from Michigan that the Florida State Fair & Exposi­tion Co. is holding a State fair at Jacksonville. That happens to be going on. That fair will be held irrespective of any ap­propriation, and it is asking nothing from the Government. The Farmers' National Congress is not a Florida organization or a southern organization. The Pan American International Farm and Live Stock Exposition is not a southern organization nor a Florida organization. This is no appropriation made . to either of those associations. This is simply to cover the ex­pense of the Governmen: making an exhibit where these organi­zations are holding their conventions. They br.)pen to be hold­ing them this time in Florida. If they had been held anywhere else we would not have heard a word about the matter, because the Government has appropriated year after year $20,000 for these congresses to be held in the semiarid States, and nobody has ever raised any object~on to that action. It has been going on year after year. It happens now that the p::oposition is to appropriate $10,000 to cover the expense of an exhibit in Flor­ida, and we hear a great deal of talk about it, and raise. a lot of questions about it.

l\1r. TOWNSEND. lli. President--The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Florida

yield to the Senator from Michigan? l\1r. !PLETCHER. I do. 1\Ir. TOWNSEND. What kind of an exhibit will the Govern­

ment make do"''TI there? Mr. FLETCHER. The Government has been making investi­

gations and studies for years and years relative to the subjects in which this farmers' congress and this international congress are interested. I do not know what the exhibit covers. It covers a great deal~ the result of their studies and investigations, and the point is to bring that result home to the members of the associations that are holding their convention at this point.

1\lr. TOWNSEND. Does the Senator believe that will be brought home- to them in any other w'ay than through lecturers sent out, possibly, Government representatives, and publications?

1\lr. FLETCHER. Oh, no; they carry there the actual ex­hibits of what has resulted from their studies appertaining to the live-stock indu:ltry, all the diseases and ailments of animals, and that sort of thing. That is of immense educational \alue to the people engaged in those industries. They carry out those exhibits in cases. The exhibits are very considerable. I think, and very instructive. This is a place and an opportunity to bring these things home to the people who are engaged in tho e ind nstries. ·

The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on the adop­tion of the amendment proposed by the committee.

Mr. THOMAS. l\fr. President, I should like to have the amendment stated again. · The Secretary again .stated the pending amendment.

Mr. SMOOT. Mr. President, I want to ask the Senator if be will not insert, after the word !' shull," on page 94, line 2, the word "hereafter," so as to read:

PJ'O'!;ided, Tbat no appropriation shall hereafter be granted or used for the expenses of uelegates. ,

I think that is the language that is generally used in the pro­visions affecting legislation of this sort.

2992 CONGllESSIOr;1\L R~UOltD-SENATE. ~fARCH 4,

·1\fr. FLETCHER. I have no objection at all to that amend­ment, if the Senator desires to offer it.

l\lr. Sl\lOOT. Then, 1\fr. President, I mo>e that the word "her~enfter" be inserted after the word "shall," on line 2, page 94.

The PRE~IDING OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to the amendment to the amendment.

Tne amendment to the amendment was agreed to. The amendment as amended was agreed to. The next amendment was, on page 94, line 4, after the words

"Department of Agriculture," to strike out "$26,943,773" and insert " 28,058,933," so as to make the clause read:

Total carried by this bill for the Department of Agriculture, $28,-058,933. . Mr. SMOOT. Mr. President, that will not be the correct amount of the total appropriation; but I take it for granted that it is uncler tood that the clerks will have the right to put 1n the exact figures.

The PRE !DING OFFICER Without objection, the clerks will be authorized to correct the total.

Mr. VARDAMAN. l\1r. President, I ask permission to have inserted in the RECORD a letter which I have received from the entomolo~ist of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Mis­sissippi, treating of the sweet-potato weevil-a new bug to me, but it seems he has been busy in the sweet-potatv business for some year , and ha operated extensively in the States of Geor­gia, Florida, 1\Ii. ~ i .. ippi, Louisiana, Texas, and Alabama. He has been in Flora<la for very many years, and the people of the State of Florida ha>e spent a great deal of money in the effort to exterminate this rapacious little bug. The importance of destroying the peRts is seen in the fact that unless something is done to stop the ravages of this little insect it will materially reduce the great crop of potatoes, which amounts annually to something like $90,000,000 .. The sweet potato is a valuable arti­cle of food, and at this time anything that interferes with its production is an evil to be fearPd. The matter calls for "(}rompt and vigorous attention on the part of the Government.

I also ask to have inserted in the RECORD an amendment, which I sliall offer to-morrow or when the bill comes up for con­sideration, carrying an appropriation of $25,000 for the investi­gation and po:;sible extermination of the pest.

The PRESIDING OJi.,FICER. Without abjection, the matter referred to will be included in the RECORD.

The letter is as follows : MISSISSlPPI AGRICULTUP.AL AND 1\!ECHANICAL COLLEGE, · Agr-iculttlTal College, Miss., February 21, 1918.

Senator JA:ME~ K VARDAMAS, United States Senate, Washington, D. 0.

DE.\R SEN:I.TOR VARDAMAN : I understand that an effort is being- made to Jret an appropriation from Congress to be used in a campaign to eradicate the sweet-potato weevil, Cylas formicarius, from the Southern States, but that this item bas been left otit of the agricultural appro­priation bill now before tbe Senate.

The sweet-potato weevil is by far the most serious insect pest of the sweet potato. From the nature of this insect it seems that it will not be a very difficult task to' eradicate it. The insect seldom, if ever, flies, and is only known to feed upon the sweet potato and mornin!! g-lory. At the present time our records show that this pest is only known to occur in four counties in Mississippi. The e counties are Hancock, Har­rison, Jackson, and Pearl River. We h.'"Jlow of only 28 properties that are infested. There are probably many others that we do not know about. If steps arl' not taken to eradicate this pe t. it will l!radually spread to other properties until it becomes so generally distributed that eradication wtll be much more difficult. On one property in this State we found 99 per cent of the potatoes Infested with these weevils. and on several other properties the infesta tlons were as high as 85 to 90 per cent. In parts of Louisiana and Texas conditions arc even worse, so fnr as this insect Is concerned. - '

At this time, when we are in net>d of all kinds of foods. I believe that it is important that this pest be not allowed to spread further, and that every effort be made to eradicate it. I sincerely hope that the Secre­tary of Al!riculture will be authorized to carry on this wort.

With kind personal regards, I am, Very respectfully, your-s,

R. W. liARNED, Entomologist. The proposed amendment of 1\Ir. V AnDAMAN is as follows: For applying such methods of eradication or control of the sweet­

potato weevil as in tbe judgment of the Secretary of A~Ticulture may be necessary, Including the payment of such expenses and employment of such persons and mPans in the city of Wa$bington and elsewhere, in cooperation with such authorities of the States concernl:'d, organiza­tions, or individuals as he may deem necPssary to accomplish such pur­poses, $25.000, which shall be immediately available. and, in the lliscre­tion of the Secretary of Agriculture, no expenditures shall be made for these purposes until a sum or sums at least equal to such expenditures shall have been appropriated', subserib<>d, Qr contributed by State, county, or local authorltiPs or by individuals or organizations for the accompHshmcnt of ucb purposes: PrlYVided, That no part of the money hPrein appropriatPd shall he us<>d to pa:v the cost or value of sweet potatoes, sweet-potato plants, or othP.r property injured or destr.oyed.

EXECUTIVE SESSION. Mr. GORE. I move thnt the Senate proceed to the considera-

tion of executive bu iness. . The motion was agreed to, and the Senate proceeded to the

consideration of executi"lc busipess. After five minutes spent

in executive session the doors were reopened,_ and (at 5 o'cloro1 ~ and 5 minutes p. m., Monday, l\Iarch 4, 1918), the Senate u .. -jom·ned until to-morrow, Tuesday, March 5, 1918, at 12 o'clock meridian.

N01\1INATIONS. E:cec-utive nominations received by the Senate March ~ (legisla·

· . ti1:e day of March 2), 1918. Sur.vEYOR GE~AL.

Ingwald C. Thoreson, of Utah, to be surveyor general of Utah. (Reappointment.)

REGISTER OF LAND OFFICE. Peter Hanson, of Utah, to be register of the land office at

Vernal, Utah. (Reappointment.) RECEIVER OF PUBLIC MONEYS.

Albei·t F. Young, of Vernal, Utah, to be receiver of public moneys at Vernal, Utah, vice Samuel L. Page, resigned.

APPOINTMENT IN THE NATIONAL ARMY. JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL'S DEPARTMI:NT.

To be b1·igaclie·r general with rank from Febt·uat·y 18, 1918 • . Lieut. Col. Edward A. Kreger, Judge Advocate.

TEMPORARY PROMOTION IN THE ARMY. INFANTRY ARM.

To be lieutenant colonel 'lOith 1·ank from August 5, 19_11 . . Maj. Lorenzo D. Gas er, Infantry.

To be major with rank from Att!l1tst 5, 1911. Capt. Lorenzo D. Gasser, Infantry.

APPOINTMENT, BY TRANSFER, IN THE ARMY. FIELD !illTILLERY ARM.

Second Lieut. Frederick D. Sharp, Infantry, to be second lieu­tenant of Field Artillery, with rank from October 2G. 1917.

PROVISIONAL APPOINTMENT, BY TRANSFER, IN THE ARMY, INFANTRY ARM.

Second .Lieut. Mark A. Van Liew, Field Artillery, to be second liemena.nt of Infantry "ith rank from Octooer 26, 1917.

PosTMASTERs. ALAn~MA.

Edmund P. Lakeman to be postmaster at Haleyville, Ala., in place of W. H. Cleere, re::>igned.

ARKANSAS. Archibald S. Rogers to be postmaster at Osceola, Ark., ln

place of Adah L. Rous an, resigned. (' ALIFORNIA.

Elmer S. Slade to be po~tmaster at Calipatria• Cal., in place of Charles W. Brown, re igned.

Myrtle l\1. Crawford to be postmaster at Ceres, Cal., in place of C. H. Bronaugh, resigned.

COLORADO. Mar hall Q. Starr to be po tmaster at Hayden, Colo., in place

of Robert E. Norvell, re igned. Cornelia C. Simpson to be postmaster at La Veta, Colo., 1n

place qf Fanny Hamilton Simpson, resigned. FLORIDA.

Israel F. Titus to be postmaster at Lynn Haven, Fla., in place of Florida E. Gay, resigned.

GEORGIA. Bessie \Valdrop to be postmaster at Jackson, Ga., in place

of I. J. Slaughter, resigned. Joseph W. Osborn to be postmaster at Porterdale, Ga., in

place of John A. Cowan, resigned. HAWAII.

l\1. G. Santos to be po tmaster at Lihue, Hawaii, in place of · L. D. Timmons, not commis ioned.

IDAHO.

Lida Cox to be postmaster at Rigby, Idaho, in place of Ed­mund Ellsworth, jr., resigned.

INDIANA.

Harry C. Harness to be po tmaster at Hamlet, Ind., in place of George H. \V eninger, resigned.

KANSAS.

Roy F. Santner to be postmaster at Glen Elder, Kans., in place of Alice W. Lee, removed.

KENTUCKY. Henry H. Caudill to be postmaster nt :\forehcnrJ, Ky., in place

~f J. D. Caudill, resigned.

1918. CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD-SENATE. 2993 MICHIGAN.

Floyd Sanford to be postmaster at Addison, Mich., in place of Herbert E. Iveson, resigned. _

Frank G. Hamilton to be postmaster at Mesick, 1\Iich., in place of Charles E. Dean, resigned.

William D. Colegrove to be postmaster at Remus, Mich., in place of Frederick H. Miller, resigned.

MINNESOTA.

Mabel C. Benson to be postmaster at Clara City, Minn., in place of Cornelius Berghuis, removed.

MISSISSIPPI.

Grey Jack to be postmaster at Scooba, Miss., in place of Elisha E. Jack, resigned.

MISSOURI.

Willard N. Bledsoe to be postmaster at Atlanta, Mo., in pla:ce of .T ohn H. Lyda, removed.

MONTANA.

Louis C. Bade to be postmaster at Bigtimber, Mont., in place of Augusta C. Sheridan, resigned.

Chauncey W. Griffin to be postmaster at Dodson, Mont., in place of Ovid J. Gagnon, resigned. Office became presidential October 1, 1916. -

Clarence R. Miller to be postmaster at Circle, Mont., in place of Earl L. 1\IcClatchie, resigned. Office became presidential January 1, 1917.

James S. Honnold to be postmaster at Joliet, Mont., in place of John B. Farrell, resigned.

NEW MEXICO.

RolJert J. Lentz to be postmaster at Magdalene, N. 1\Iex., in place of H. A. Hodges, resigned.

- NEW YORK.

Lewis 0. Wilson to be postmaster at Long Beach, N. Y., in place of Clinton A. Parsons, removed'.

NORTH CAROLINA.

Bessie F. Nicholson to be postmaster at Maxton, N. C.; in place of 0. C. Nicholson, deceased.

- OHIO.

Freel ,V, Pace to be postmaster at Roseville, Ohio, in place of J. \V. Stoneburner, resigned.

OREGON.

Charles M. Crittenden to be postmaster at Hubbard, Oreg., in place of Kenneth B. Grimm, resigned.

PENNSYLVANIA.

Frederic P. Laub to be postmaster at Bath, Pa., in place of John J. Remaly, resigned.

Loyal G. Hoffman to be postmaster at :Boswell, Pa., in place of of Thomas J. McClelland, resigned. -

John F. Henry to be postmaster at Cresco, Pa., in place of John A. Seguine, resigned.

Iva S. Martin to be postmaster at Masontown, Pa., in place of C. C. Sterling, deceased.

RHODE ISLAND.

James A. Wright io be postmaster at Wakefield, R. I., in place of J. Elmer Thewlis, deceased.

SOUTH CAROL~A.

Jean C. Sloan to be postmaster at Pep.dleton, S. C., in place of Paul H. E. Sloan, jr., deceased.

Robert R. Miley to be postmaster at Walterboro, S. C., in place of J. Mitchell Witsell, resigned.

Richard W. Adams to be postmaster at Ridgeway, S. C., in place of H. W. Des Partes. Incumbent's commission expired August 6. 1916;

TEXAS.

Robert E. Watson to be postmaster at Crowell, Tex., in place of J. G. Witherspoon, resigned.

Grace Lemmon to be postmaster at Garland, Tex., in place of Nora Lemmon. Incumbent's commission expired May 22, 1917.

Hoyte H. Burchard to be postmaster at Harlingen, Tex., in place of Hugo J. Letzerich, removed. ·

Florence K. Winsett to be postmaster at Higgins, Tex., in place of J. W. Winsett, deceased.

William J. Hamlett to be postmaster at Milford, Tex., in place of Z. T. Bundy, deceased.

Sallie P. Lunday to be postmaster at Naples, Tex.-, in place of J'ames 1\I. Kennedy, deceased.

Ben B. Ward to be postmaster at Newcastle, Tex., in place of Henry C. Williams, resigned.

Annie Kilpatrick to be postmaster at Ratcliff, Tex., in place of J'oe Green, resigned.

LVI-190

VIRGINIA.

G. C. Turner to be postmaster at Dante, Va., in place of R. W. Ervin, resigned.

Ethel V. Vaughan to be postmaster at Timberville, Va., in place of Charles E. Fahrney, deceased.

WEST \-"'RGINIA.

William E. McDowell to be postmaster at Mount Hope, W.Va., in place of J. Frank Grimet, resigned.

Armistead S. Lucas to be postmaster at Shepherdstown, W. Va., in place of William L. Reinhart, deceased.

WYO?.IING. _

J. Arthur Mecham to be postmaster at Afton, Wyo., in place of William H. Caziel!, removed.

Edith E. Sumner to be postmaster at Glenrock, Wyo., in place of Kinsler H. Padden, resigned. · Walter E. Patterson to be postmaster at Wheatland, 'Vyo., in

place of Malcolm R. Merrill, 1·emoved.

CO IFIRMATIONS. Exec-uti,;e no1ninations confirmed by the Senate March ~ (tegis-

. lative day ot Ma1'ch 2), 1918.

UNITED STATES DISTRICT ATTOR~EYS.

William C. Hammei· to be United States attorney, western district of North Carolina.

Francis H. \Veston to be United States attorney, eastern dis­trict of South Carolina.

William W. llay to be United States attorney, district of Utah.

UNITED STATES 1\fABSHALS.

Henry M. Cox to be United States marshal, eastern district of Kentucky. ·

Aquila Nebeker to be United States marshal, district of Utah. - PL."'BLIC HEALTH SERVICE.

1\Iarion Flint Haralson to be assistant surgeon •. John Friend Mahoney to be assistant surgeon. Hugh David Ward to be assistant surgeon.

POSTMASTER. .

ILLINOIS.

Patrick H. Fitzgerald, Tiskilwa. PROMOTIONS IN THE NAVY,

The following-named lieutenants to be lieutenant commanders:. Eddie J. Estess, James D. l\Ioore, \Villiam-W. Wilson, William H. Stiles, jr., Victor D. Herbster, David F. Ducey, Donald T. Hunter, Cary W. Magruder, Edmund ,V. Strother, William H. Pashley, Fred T. Berry, William R. Purnell, Edwin Guthrie, James D. Smith, Frederic T. VanAuken, Marshall Collins, Kinchen L. Hill, Thomas C. Kinkaid, Lee P. Wan·en, Ernest F. Buck, Allan G. Olson,

· Charles 1\l. James, Ralph G. "Walling, Selah 1\l. La Bounty, Henry E. Parsons, Harry G. Donald, -Abner l\-1: Steckel, . John L. Schaffer, Leland Jordan, jr., Edward G. Blakeslee, John H. Everson, Worrall R. Carter, James G. Stevens, Robert R. M. Emmet, John C. Jennings, Henry B. Le Bourgeois, Paul J. Peyton, Laurence S. Stewart,

299.1 Guy C. Barnes, Wmimn A. Ho<l~nn, .Cleveland l\lcCauley, Martin J. Peterson, Robert E. llo~ers, Samuel S. Payne, Leslie C. Davi. ; I;la.rry H. For;~us, Fr·anklin P. Conger, llnymoml G. Tllonm , Aquilla G. Dib1·en, Henry D. l\lcGuire, Edward H. Connor, 'Villiam B. Cothrnn, Theodore S. Wilkin on, jr., William W. Smith. David L He<ll·ick. Oiaf l\l. HuF\tvec14 Harold T. Smith, Cummings L. Lothrop, jr., Pre ton B. Raine', Gerard Brudforo, Mark L. Hersey, jr., Frank T. Lei~hton, Alva D. Bertthard, Chester S. Hoherts, Penn L. Carroll, 'Ben.t'1min V McCandlish, D:tniel A. l\lcEiduff, Arthur S. Dys· rt, Hugb P. Le Clair, Edmund S. n. Brandt, Harold S. Brir(lkk~ James D. Maloney, .A.:hm G. Kirk, Fitzhugh Green, Levi B. Bye, Granville B. Hoey, Tmcy L. 1\fcCauley, Fruncis W. Scan1and, Joel W :- Bunkley, 1\lax B. De l\Iott. Ernest .J. Blankenship, John J. Saxer, Leo L. Lindley, Harold C. Train; Wallace L. Lind, Richard l\ld :. Elliot, jr., Lee P. Johnson, Monroe Kelly, :Mm·ion C. U.ohertson, Edwarcl C. Ra~uet, Ward W. Wacl<lE"ll, Charles C. Duvis, Rohf'li R. Paunack,

. Fr~mk D. 1\lnnock.

-CONGRESSION A·t RECORD-SEN ATE.

Roy K : Jones, 1\fn-rtilf B. Stune~:treet, R(>ntan .J. Re(lfield, H.icluu!l n . Jones, Lowell Cooper. lAnt .. n Hern(lon, Andrew C. 1\kFall, Leon F. Brown. Herhert S. Jone , Herlwrt J. Grassie, HnhPrt N. Kennedy, haiah Par1\Pr, · Curl H. Hilton, Chaplin E. E\1\ns, James K. Davis, Grol"~ D. Price, Cassin Young, Cnrlyle Craig, I<nefter l\kOinnis, JameF\ P. Compton, GrorgE" G. Rohertson, Fn~d \V. C()nnor, Dnllas Wait, . Fl-ce(lPrick E. Haeberle, Jn·hn E. Ostrander. jr., E<lnmn<l E. Brn<ly, j1·., l:Joll"-tnn L. Maple , George W. Mciver, jr., Henry R. O:;;ter, na Pda n E. Dees, C lin Cnmp'hell. Pnul W. F. Hu. chke, ThPoclore L. Schnmacher, Clarence W .. John on, Doug! as W. Coe . Fr:mk G. Fahrion, :Alher~t Nohlc. Norhorne L. Rnwlings, lngolf N. Kilnnd, F:rahk H. Dt=>nn. F.11wnrd A. Mitchell, Hamlet S. Klein. Alex~m<ler D. Doug-las, Lawren<'e 'Vain\\Tight, Homer N. Wnllin, Dnnnlcl B. Duncan, Sydney J. W~·nne, BaTie E. M:nsd11 i t~. Rohert B. Dashiell. Julian L. Won<lru1f. .John O'D. Richm{)nd,. D:t\'rd 'C. Fox, Andre'".· G. Rlwpnrrl, Slmon P. FullinWi(ler, LiF\le F. Rmnll. 'Yillimn P. 0. Clntke, Edmund B. Caldwell, Jay K. Allen. Nicholns Vytlncil.

George K. Stn(ldar<l, Willimns C. '\'ickham, FrE"elaml A. DHubin, Hugh V. l\ff'Cnhe. and Claude S. Gillette. The following-named lieutenants (junior gradt!) to be lieu- ·

. ~tanton H. Wooster, F.t~lWfii'Il n. Ro~er~. George T. H 11wnrd, Cha1·les L. Hny(lE"n, UohPrt L. Rarnlolph, jr., Rohert G. Tohin~

tenants: James A. Scott. Julius \V. Simms, William E. l\Iiller, Gt=>or·ge F. Chapline, Douglas C. Woodwnrd, Willhun J. Forrestel, Armi!'ltead C. Hogers, John S. Hnhert ·, John D. Price, Norman 0. Wynkoop, James B. Ry1m. William W. l::khott, Sidney \V. Ki rtlunu, J o. ·eph H. La wsnn, Stan\YiX G. 1\Iaytield, jr., Ri<:hnrd E. \Vebh, Ed\Yin F. Cocbrn ne, Charles T. Gilliam, Gilbert C. HoO\·er, Thomas V. Cooper, 'Valter S: Carrington, Newbold T. La wreucc, jr.,

Tlwmlore l\f. Wnld!':chmidt, Tierhet·t B. Knowles, Aclo!Jlh P. Rchnehler, Anso-n A. Bi.gelow, Hnhert R. Ogg, Jolm C. Tyler, H~\t'o1d B. Sallnrl~ Benjamin Bu halter, George R. Fail· Ia lllb, jr., Joseph W. Gl-egory, John ri. Cru~e. John T. 1\fM:<'nlf, RoRs F. CollinR, · Bi>njamin F. Stand, Pnul F. Shm1:ri<1A'e, Francis C. DenE"brink, .John .T. Twomey, F-elix B. Stump. Robert B. 1\Iatthews, Hugh St. C. Sen e,

MAROH 4,

'·

.1918.

W n lter C. Calhoun, Carl F. Holden, Lester J. Hudson, Kingsland Dunwoody, Samuel B. Brewer, Vincent J. Moore, Frank W. Lively, James H. Conyne, Davenport Browne, Frederic W. Neilson, Franklin S. Irby, Allen I. Prke, Colin DeV. Headlee, Byron K. Presnell, Merrill Comstock, Robert W. McReynolds, jr., Richard W. Gruelick, Harrison A very, Paul U. Tevis, Leonard Doughty, jr., Wilbur V. Shown, Han on E. Ely, jr., George K. Weber, Ralph U, Hyde, William F. Dietrich, Ralph Wyman, Andrew G. Reaves, George C. Cummings, Richard H. Harper, George M. Keller, John B. Heffernan, Edward J. Moran, Harry C. Blodgett, John H. Keefe, Elliott M. Senn, Francis W. Benson, ·Thomas R. Cooley, jr., Vernon F. Grunt, George L. Harriss, Francis T. Spellman, Horner W. Clark, Car 1 L. Hansen, Edward Sparrow, Ben H. Wyatt, Robert L. Porter, jr., Ward P. Davis, Guido F. Forster, Volney 0. Clark, Edward H. Jones, Guile A. Poindexter, Earl W. Morris, Robert W. Fleming, Thomas B. Hendley, William J. Morcock, Kenneth L. Coontz, Karl Keller, · Howard F. Councill, Robert E. Keating, Philip W. Warren, John- N. ·walton, Earl S. Hurlbut, Allan. R. McCnnn, Evan G. Hanson, Herbert W. Annerson, William G. Ludlow, jr., Carl W. Brewington, Leonard B. Austin, Chester McK. Holton, John H. Jenkins, Leonard P. 'Vessell,

· Emile Topp, Frank L. Worden, Donald R. Evans, Frank J. Hanafee, Andrew R. Mack, John G. M. Stone, Ralph F. Shrylstead, Clarence 0. Ward, Guy ,V. Clark. Thomas D. Ross, James P. Conover, jr., John V. Murphy, Francis A. Smith, Pe;\·ton H. Park, Conrad L. Jacobsen,

CON_GRESSION AL RE.CDRP-SENA.TE .

Kenneth Floyd-Jones, 'Villiam l\IcK. Reifel, William H. Ball, Laurence P. Sargent, Seabury Cook, Constantine N. Perkins, Rollin V. A. Failing, Benjamin 0, Wells, Laurence E. Kelly,

. Herbert V. Wiley, Douglas A. Spencer, John J. Bartholdi, Charles W. Weitzel, Harold F. Ely, Isidore Lehrfeld, Stephen m. Dillon, John .H. Forshew, jr., William S. B. Claude, 'Villiam S. Heath, Guy B. Hoove1·, Kenneth M. Hoeffel, Joseph ,V. Paige, Forrest P. Sherman, William R. Nichols, Ernest B. Colton, Joseph W. Fowler, 'Villlam H. Hopkins, jr., William J. Malone, Oscar H. Holtmann, Lawrence B. Richardson, James Fife, jr., Moses B. Byington, jr., Frank R. Dodge, George T. Cuddihy, 'William W. Warlick, Vincent R. Murphy, Ralph S. l\IcDowell, Henry A. Hutchins, jr., Charle~ W. Styer, Thoma,s L. Sprague, Owen E. Grimm, Einar R. Johnson, Martin J. Connolly, Pal L. Meadows, John D. Crecca, Frederick L. Douthit, Frederit!k S. Holmes, Thomas B. Inglis, Earl E. Stone, James D. Jacobs, John J. Ballentine, Edwin H. Price, . Everett B. Browne, John R. Sullivan. James V. B. La\vyer, John D. Alvis, John N. Whelan, Daniel W. Tomlinson, 4th, Edward F. l\IcCartin, Hayden H. Smith, and Donald-A. Green.

~· (

.2995

The following-named ensigns to be lieute!lants (junior grade) : Emory F. Hosmer, Ernest Heilmann, Otto J. W. Haltnorth, Percy H. Bierce, Franklin E. Chester, Frank G. l\Iehling, James J. O'Brien, Edward Crouch, William DeFries, John B. Hupp, Daniel Dowling, Edward C. Wurster, Arthur B. Dorsey, Arthur D. Freshman, Gustav C. Tanske, Leroy Rodd, Charles W. A. Campbell, Edward Wenk, . Frank C. 'Visker, Louis M. 'Vegat, Harry E. Ste>ens, David P. Henderson, Harry A. Pinkerton,

2996 HPrman Kossler, Ost'ar· E. Anderson, Hemy 1\IcEvoy,

,Lawr·ence Wittmann, Alvin E. Skinner,

· Jo~eph Chamberlin, Nt>wton n. George, Ralph G. 1\loody, • John l\lcN. D. Knowles. Hohert G. Greenleaf, Chm·les F. Beecher, Fnwk ll. King, William H. Hubbard, James 1\fadnt:rre, ErnP~t W. Do hie. Stephen H. Brul:rett, Jouathan H. 'Varman, Walter M. Shipley, John C. Pnrker, Charles 0. Hathaway~

. James l\1. Be1·1in, ·walter Lau, Itohert B. Sanford, jr.1 Charle. D. Welker, Hufu H. Bush, John E. Bur·g-er,

· Patrick J. Solon. FrauC'is A. Pippo, Jo~eph W. Bettens, Frank Bruce. Mkhnel .J. Conlon, Heury W. Stratton, Clyde Keene. Geor~e C. Smith, \Villiam Seyford, Gottlieb Sheret·, GPon.~e E. l\1nymtrll, Arthur B. l\lcCrary, . Axel Lindblad. Selrlon L. Almon, William E. O'Connor, \\'illhtm Twigg, jr., Frederick R. Kahle, Burton W. Lambert, Allen I. Seaman, William D. Dacld, Chnrles Swanherg, Malcnlm C. Davis, "'illiam H. Muehlhause, Lt~roy Neil. 0:-:car D. Parker, John A. Ward, John C. Hines, John Gallagher, Get)J'ge W. Robbins, Cyrus S. Hansel, EmeF;t A. Healy. Frederick G. Keyes, Willinm Eberlin, Fretl~:>rick Petry, Jofin Meyer~ Frederick Evans, Godfr·ey P. Sehurz, Claren<;>e L. Tihhals, Thomas J. Br·i~tol, "

7 illiam Taylot·, Danit>l F. l\lulvihlll, l\1idwel J. Br·e~nahan, J.afnyette P. Guy, Edmond Delavy, Frank J. :1\Ia_yer, Hot·a<'e cle B. Dougherty, James .J. .Joyce. l~'recl Rasnm sen, "'arner K. lligger, Frank S<"im I tz, J osepb SJterl. Daniel J. Sulli\~un, Da viti F. ~1eatl. Ed\\in' W. Hill, H('>ury A. Lowell, Clwrlc.~ Antrohus, Oliver T. l\liller, A u~ust Lo~u n, John J. Coyle,

CONGRESSIONAL RECOTID-' SENATE.

GPor~e F. Bin s, Walter ~. Belknap, Geor·ge U. Lacock, Anton Hengst, John W. Bolclt, Fred San Soucie, Claude S. Paligett, Howard H. C)Huubers, PPrey H. Abrams. Vincent F. Le\erne, Charies E. Brig~s. Geor~e B. Llewellyn, William C. l\lilligan, Frederick J. Legere, James Reilly, John H. l\JacDonald, William A. James. William A. Fulkerson, ~erry C. Holmes, Conrad T. Goertz . Edwin R. Wt·oughton, William E. Uook, LPwis H. Cutting, Ernest L. Jones, \Villium C. Carpenter, Murry Wollfe. Charles L. Or~ene, Arthur T. Brill, Ward T. nail, 1\liehael Garland, Eric-h HkhtPI' John C. Ht>ck: James I... l\1cKen:~a, George W. Waldo. Anthony E. Bentfeld, Arthur Boquett, John Hnrder, Sigvnrt Tbomp!=;on, Stephen A. Farrell, William A. Yick, John J. Weleh. Arthur S. H.olfins, Charles C. Stotz, John C. l\laxon, Bniley E. Rigg, ~·ttlter A. Buckley, Frank E. ~elson. Norman MeL. l\lcDonald, Philip S. Flint. Charles W. Wagner, Henry A. Iteynolds, George F. VE>th. Jnmes E. KE->rnruer, James A. Ne\vell. William \V. Holton, Fred C. Wolf, Char!~ J. Naprstek, l\Iax Bayer, Paxton Hotchkiss, Leon W. Knight, Harry l\I. Peaco, Henry H. Bt>ck, Frank F. \VPbster, John HebPt', Charles N. Koch, Fre<l T. Hitler, Williu~ S. Bvuns, Sofus K. Sort>nsen, George J. Horuulus, Arthur L. HecykeU, Charles Kinl! Quintus R 'l'hom.son, jr., Ora A. 1\lartm, John A. Pien·e, Stephen Ingham, \Villiam It. Suear, William T f\bnw, Hoy K. l\Ia<lill \Villium H . .:.\JcFnrlane, Nil~ Antlet· ·on, Melvin C. KPut. Jolua E." Arm~trong, Alhert C. Fraenzel, William A. l\lartin, Ralph B. Walbce,

lfAROH 4~

1918.

James Roberts, Joseph D. Glick, Anthony Pr::tstka, Joseph W . Birk. Edmund D. Duckett, Raymond A. 'Vnlker, Hermann Jorgensen, Charles F . Dame, Arthur J. Holton, Vincent Benedict, Ola D. Butler, Edgar C. Wortman, Joseph G. N . .Johnson, David Duffy, Clyde H. 1\IcLellon, Noel Cbatillon, William F. Schlegel. Lee W. Drisco, James J. Delany. William H. Stephenson, Arthur E. Rice, Jolm P. Millon, Frank L. Elkins, Sol Shaw, Ernest .J. Leonard, Thomas J. Sullivan, John P. Sasse, 'Viii Mueller, John H. Chase, Will S. Holloway, George J. Blessing .. James D. Brown. Patrick H. Cassidy, Franlt .A. Manuel, Frank Flaherty, Arthur A. F. Aim, Bennett McC. Proctor, James Donaldson, John A. Silva, James Hauser, John E. Sullivan, Charles A. Armstrong, Chauncey R. Doll~ James S. Trayer, Gregoire F. J. Labelle, Theodore Andersen, Henry Hartley, Eugene J. Frieh, Philip J. Kelly, Alfred Doucet, William E. Benson, Fred 0. A. Plagemann, Peter J. Gundllich, Albert 1\I. Hinman, Leon W. Becker, 'v il liam Cox:, Stephen A. Loftus, Herman C. Schrader, Asa V. R. W.atson, William A. Eaton, James l\:1. 1\lacDonneU, Herbert R. 1\fytinger, Harold A. Turner, · Charles B. Bradley, CuiTy El. Eason, Srunue1 C. Washington, Brice H. Mack. James A. Featherston, Walter N. Fanning, Herbert J. Meneratti, Niels Drustrup, Abraham DeSomer, George Bradley, Donald McDonald, 'V urren E . .Magee, Robert J. Kingsmill, Charles F. Merrill, Charles B. Shackelton, Benjamin F. Ranger, Robert C. McClure, Carl S. Chapman, George C. Uartiu, Wilmer W. 'Veber, Mark Strosk, William \V. 'Vilkins,

CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-SEN ATE.~

Helge Ohlsson, Elroy G. True, James 1\T. O'Leary, Warren H. Langdon, Andrew C. Skinner, Emery Smith, Benjamin F. Maddox, George Keeser, John A. Rogers, Alfred E. Raue, John C. Richards, Frank W. Yurasko, Albert H. 1\fellien, Philip A. Astoria, Thomas A. Graham, William A. 1\Iason, E\eTest A. Whited, John F. ·Murphy, Charles A. KohlS, Clarence R. Rockwell, Paul E . Kuter, William E. Snyder, Da ,·id l\lcWhorter, jr., George H. Kellogg, Elery A. Zehner, Samuel E. Lee, Frank ·Stinchcomb, Simon L. Shade, Ludwig W. Gumz, Wildon A. Ott, Hugh W. Nimmo, Junius G. Sanders. Frederick B. Webber, George T. Campbell, Chc.1 rles A. Dannemann, Harold G. Billings, Albert E. Freed, Frank Kinne, Andrew N. Anderson, Frank C. Nigg, Frank Ken-, Arthur H. Cummings, Harry J. Hansen, Rony Snyder, Newcomb L. Damon, Jack K. Campbell, George Kleinsmith, Albert G. Martin., Daniel 1\!cCallum, John 1\1. Buckley, John J. Madden, Robert Semple, Henry H. Fowler, Stanley H. Sacker, Elmer J. McC1uen, John l\1. Kirkpatrit!k, Clyde Lovelace, Claude B. A .. rney, 1\fartin Dickinson, Jesse J. Alexander, John J. Enders, Jesse J. Oettinger, William H. Farrel, Thomas l\I. Buck, .John Shottro:ff, John Whalen, Ra~·mond C. McDuffie, Oscar Benson, \Villiam Martin, John S. Conover, Fayette Myers,

2997

John G. l\1. Jolmson, Frederick Clifford, Alexander Anderson, Frederick T. Walling, Charles V. Kane, Joseph l\1. Gately, Joseph H. Gen-ior, George S. Dean, Ralph A. Laird, and Charles F. Fielding. Capt. Arthur B. Owens to be a major in the l\larine Corps. Capt. Clarke H. Well to be a major in the Marine Corps. The following-named first lieutenants to be captains in the

Marine Corps :

2998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. ]lARCH 4;

Harry Paul. and 'Vi1linm Workmnn. 'rhe following-named sccontl lieutenants to be first lieutenants

in the .1\fm·ine Corps: Franlr R. Armstead, and Lee H. Brown. First Lieut. Ethelbert Talbot to be a captain in the 1\Iarinc

Corps. Franci B. Reed to be a second lieutenant in the Marine Corps.

HO SE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

~foNDAY, March 4,1918.

The House met at 12 o'clock noon. The Chaplain, Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D., offered the fol-

lowing prayer : -Eternal God, our heavenly Father, source of all good. help

us to concentrate our wisdom, power. und influence, with our allies, with whom we are associated, against the powers of evil; that we mav overcome their machinations and inhuman desires; and brin~ ~r<ler out of chaos, peace out of war, righteousness out of evil, and establish liberty, truth. justice, righteousness in the heart of mankind ; that Thy Kingdom may come in all its fullness, in the spirit of the Lord Jesus Christ. Amen.

The Journals of the proceedings of Saturday, March 2, and Sunday, l\larch 3, 1918, were read and approved.

CALENDAR FOR UNANIMOUS CONSENT.

The SPEAKER. This ·is Unanimous-Consent Calendar <lay. The Clerk will report the first bill on that calendar.

RESERVE OF THE PUBLIC-HEALTH SERVICE.

The first business on the Calendar for Unanimous Consent was S. J. Res. 63, to establish a re erve of the Public-Health Sen ice.

The Clerk read the title of the joint resolution. Mr. COADY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that

that joint resolution be passed over without prejudice. 1\h·. FOSTER. l\Ir. Speaker, reserving the right to object, I

think that where bills have been pas ed over twice already they ought to go to the foot of the calendar. They ought not to be allowed to clog the calendar, and I suggest that if this j~int resolution is passed over it be with that understanding­that it go to the foot of the calendar.

lUr. BORLAND. Why is it to be passed over? ThiR fs a very important measure, and it seems to me we might pass it.

Mr. COADY. It is a very important measure. but I under­stand there is objection to it on the part of some l\1embers.

1\lr. BORLAND. The need for this public-health reserve is critical right now. ·

1\ir. COADY. I agree with the gentleman. I would have it considered now if I felt that there would be no objection to it.

The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the reque t of the gen- · tleman from 1\Iaryland to pass this joint resolution over without prejudice? _

l\1r. FOSTER. If it goes to the foot of the calendar I have no objection.

The SPEAKER. Yes; but there is no rule to put it at the foot of the calendar.

l\Ir FOSTER. I object. The SPEAKER. Is thE-re objection to the present considera-

tion of this joint resolution? 1\lr. STAFFORD. I object. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Wisconsin objects. 1\I.r. STAFFORD. I have no objection to the matter being

passed over without prejudice. The SPEAKER. But the trouble nbout that is that the gentle­

man from Illinois [l\1r. FosTER] does have objection to it. 1\Ir. FOSTER. I think it is hardly fair that a bill hould be

passed over day after day and retain its position at the h~ad of the calendar.

l\.Ir. STAFFORD. 1\lr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield in that particular? If the Chair will indulge me just a moment, I think there is considerable merit in the position taken by the gentleman from Illinois [:Mr. FosTER]. I think that the Com­mittee on Rules should bring in a rule providing for the con­shleration of bills on Unanimous-Con ent Calendar day, so that the can of committees shall begin where it left off on the last preceding unanimous-consent day. Under the existing practice we rarely get to the bills that have been recently placed on the Calendar for Unnnimous Consent. ·

The SPEAKER. All this is out of order. The gentleman from Wisconsin [1\Ir. STAFFOJID] objected to the present consid­eration of this joint resolution, and it will be stricken from the cnlendar. The ClerJ\: will report the next bilJ.

ADDITIONAL JUDGE, EASTERN DISTRICT OF MISSOURI.

The next business on the Calendar for Unanimous Consent was the bill (H. R. 294) to provide for the appointment of an additional judge of the district court of the United States for the eastern district of Mi ~souri.

The Clerk read' the title of the bill. Mr. WEBB. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that this

bill be pasRed over- without prejudice and placed at the foot of the calendar.

The SPEAKER. The gentleman from North Carolina ask.c; unanimous consent that this bill be passed over and put at the foot of the calendar. -

1\Ir. STAFFORD. I object to the consideration of tbe bill, and also to the request of the gentlemnn from North Carolina.

The SPEAKER. The gentleman from . Wisconsin objects to the whole thing. The bill will be stiicken from the calendar.

VOCATIONAL EDUCATION.

The next business on the Calendar for Unanimous Consent was Senate joint resolution 110, to· amend ·an act entitled "An act to provide for the promotion of vocational education," ap­proved February 23, 1917.

The Clerk read the title of the joint resolution. The SPEAKER. Is there objection? Mr. STAFFORD. l\1r. Speaker, reserving the right to ob-

ject-- . 1\lr. CLARK of Florida. · I ask unanimous consent tlmt thi.q

joint resolution may be passed over informnlJy. Mr. STAFFORD. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. CLARK of Florida. Yes. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Florida [1\ir. CLARK]

asks unanimous con ent that joint resolution be passetl over without prejudice.

Mr. STAFFORD. Reserving the right to object, 1\Ir. Speaker, will the gentleman from Florida allow me?

1\fr. CLARK of Florida. Yes. _ Mr. STAFFORD. The matter covered by this joint resolu­

tion was taken care of in the deficiency appropriation bill that recently passed t11e House, and there can be no nectl of it in case the item is agreed to in the Senate as it pas e<l the Hou. c. I have no objection, however, to letting this matter go over until it is known whether the Senate agrees to t11e provision ns in corporated in the deficiency appropriation bill.

l\1r. CLARK of Florida. Very well. -The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Florida [Mr. CLARK]

asks unanimous consent that this joint resolution be passed ovm· without prejudice. Is there objection?

Mr. FOSTER. To take its placa at the foot of the line, l\lr. Speaker.

l\Ir. CLARK of Florida. That is all right, 1\lr. Speaker. \Vt• understand each other.

The SPEAKER. To be placed at the foot of the calendar. I. there objection?

l\fr. MADDEN. Reserving the right to object, 1\Ir. Spenkcr. if the gentleman from Florida will allow me, I think there ought not to be any blanket authority granted to any office1· of tho Q()-v rnment to go where he pleases and when he plea ·es to put up buildings. · ·

Mr. CLARK of Fl rida. 'Ve are not talking about building. This is the e<Jucational matter.

1\.Ir. MADDEN. I thought it was the building bill. This lJ all right. .

The SPEAKER. Is there objection to passing this joint reso· lution· over and putting it at the foot of the calendar?

1\.Ir. SHERLEY. 1\lr. Speaker, I object. 1\Ir. CLARK of· Florida. Mr. Speal,er, I want to state my

reason. It \Yill tal'e only a moment to do it. 1\Iy colleague [l\Ir. SEARS] is interested in the joint resolution

and made the report. He is before a very important meeting of the Committee on Agriculture. I want it passed until be can be here on the floor.

1\lr. SHERLEY. · I have no objection to that. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Florida asks unanl·

mous con ent that this joint resolution be passed over tern· porarily, so that it may be called up again to-day. Is there ob· jection?

There was no objection. POST OFFICES AT GLENDALE AND ALTIAMBRA, CAL_.

The next business on the calendar for unanimous consent was the bill (H. R. 7230) to amend the postal laws.

l\Ir. RANDALL. l\fr. Speaker, this is a bill to ree tablish two post offices in California. · The SPEAKER. Is there objection?

l\lr. STAFFORD. Reserving the riO'ht t~ object. I feel iu­clined from the information I now have in my po.·sc:..:sinn t11

'

1918. DONGRESSION AL RECORD-ll{llJS~. 2999 object, altbough I run wnling to withhold it for further informa­tion if the gentleman from Califm•nla can give it to us.

REESTABLISHMENT OF SECOND-CLASS POST o:FFICES.

l\1r. RANDALL. 1\lr. Speaker, tills is not a bill to establish new post offices; it is to reestablish post offices which were for­merly independent post offices but were discontinued ngainst the will of the inhabitants of the cities in which they were situated. This is a bill simply to restore the status of second-class post offices in tlle cities of Glendale and Alhambra. Cal., discontinued several years ago and made substations gf the city of Los .An­geles. If gentlemen desire further information before consider­ation of the bill I can give it.

1\11·. GA..HD. By whose order :\\ere the post offices discon­tinueu and made substations?

J\1r. RANDALL. By order of the Postmaster General~ and they can not be reestabli bed as post offices of the .second class except by .enactment of Congress.

Mr. GARD. When were they discontlnu.efl? Mr. RANDALL. About seven years ago. Mr. GAllD. And they have since openrted as substations? Mr. RANDALL. Yes. I will .ask the Clerk to read tlle reso­

lution of the city councils of the two cities and the chambers of commerc.e .af Alhambra and Glendale.

The Clerk read as follows: .ALHA~r:A, CAL.,.Felfrua1·y 15, 1918.

Hon. CIIARL"ES H.. B..ANDALL, WasJlington, IJ. C. DEAn SIR : At a meeting of the Alba:mhra Cbn:mber ruf Oommeroe held

F ebruary 5, 1918, I was .authorized to ·c.onvey to you the wishes of tbe chamber concerning an independent 'POSt office for .llhamiJra and to assure you that the members of 'tlle .chamber are .back of -you 'in the undertaking.

This is a city of . 10,000 population, with a property valuation amounfulg to the -sum of ·$Hi;OOO,OOO. We have 66 miles of streets, of which 45 miles are paved a.nd 50 miles are illuminated with an orna­mental lighting system. We ha-ve spent over $700,000 in .streets and sidewaTh:s alone. .

The building which is being used for post office at present is real1y an insult to the intelligence of the :People .of 1his city, ·not only being .too small and inadequate altogether, but rthe same is closPd at ·6.30 every evening and one is unable to obtaln mail from the .boxes after -that time. ·

It might be well at this time for me to cite an instance -rwhicb oc­•curred ab(}ut eight months ago, when an $80,000,000 corporation opened its .offices in this city a.nd .:.were unable to rent a post-office box a dequate to their needs, with the result "that tht>y lVere compelled to t al<e on e of the small bMes at ·a montb1y :rental of "1.G cents. This will ~ive you an idea a.s to the oha.rn:ct.n- of nilvcrtising our city is getting from our post office.

I am inclosing herewith a. few photographs and cuts which will show you thr character of ow: post office as compared with .our other . buildings. . In order to advise you of the caliber of ibe ::resiil.ents of this city, I might take this opporhmity to inform you that we oversub~cribed ·our quota in each of the liberty loan crunpaigns, together with fhe Red Cros and Y. M. C. A. movements.

In conclusion, kindly l>e informed that it Js the unanimous desire of this body, thP Alhambra Chamber of Commerce, that tbe Govern­~ent establish an independent post office in this City, although we know it will cause considerable inere.ase in our expense, due ·to the additional postage that will be .requiretl between here and the city of Lo~ Angeles.

ALH..u.rnnA CHtUIBER OF CoMMEllCE, M. B. GRAVES, SecretanJ.

RESOLUTION OF CITY COM111ISSIO:'\I OF ALHA!\IffitA, CAL.

Whereas Representative C. H . RA. ... '\DA"L has -presented to the House -of Representative~ bill .No. 7230, which is a hill to rcesta.bli h as a p ost office of the second class the substation of the post office at Los .Angeles, Cal .. known as Alhambra · and

Whereas the City Commission of th~ •Cit:y of Alhambra believes that said change from n branch office to an 'ind<.>pendent ·office ~Will prove a material benefit to the entire city: Now, therefore, be it :Resolved, That the city commission ,heartily approves the action of

Repr sentativ~ C. H. Ra.rmALL and earnestly urges the passage of this blll ; and be it further

Resolved, '.rhat the city clerk ·Of the city of Alhambra be. and he 1s hereby, instructPd to forward a copy of this resolution to R epresenta­tive C. H. RANDALL.

Ayes: Commisf!ioners Hall, Bailey, WilHams, and Stuart. J .&l\IES STUART,

President of the 001nntission of the City of .. A..lhamb1·a. The foregoing resolution was duly adopted at a regular meeting of

the commission of the city of Alhambra held on the 4th day of Feb­:ruary, 11)18.

ALmN E. JoHNBOX~ Oity Clerl• at the Oity of Alhambra.

. RESOLGTION OF CITY COUNCIL AND CH.A.i.rnErt OF CO:lll\I.ERCE OF GLEXDALE, CAL.

Hon. C. H. RAXDALL, GLENDALE, CAL., Fc1Jntart} 1'1, 1918.

Member of Congress, Washi11gton, D. C.: At a joint meetin!; of memberR of board trustees ·and chamber of

commerce of Glendale, Cal., the following Tesolutian was adopted : " Whereas Glendale is city of 13,000 and has contiguous thereto 3 000

a.dditonaJ, and is entitled to a n independent pos t office: T.berefore "Resolved, Tbat we hereby affirm our former action and -petitien

for au independent post office to serve needs of our city and population tributary thereto." -

J. S. "THU:.IIPRO~, O'hairman, Boa1·d ot Trustees.

A . T. COWAN, President, Chambe1· of Commerce.

Mr. RANDALL. Mr. Speaker, these cities are not suburbs of Los Angeles. 'They are independent cities ; in one case 7 miles from the Los Angeles post office, and in the other ease 8 miles . . The ·Se:rviee .given by the substation method has been entirety unsatiflfactory. .

Mr. SHERWOOD. Will the gentleman yield? 1\lr. RANDALL. Yes. 1\lr . . SHERWOOD. What is the reason gtven by the .Post­

master General for their discontinuance? llir. RANDALL. The Postmaster General is willing to -re­

establish the offices. Tbe initiati:ve was taken in the city of Los Angeles, whlch desires to consolidate all the cities of Los Angeles County with that city, and it began by influencing the department to discontinue the independent post offices. That is the origin of it.

Mr. FOSS. Is there any _proposition by Los Angeles to annex these cities!

Mr. RANDALL. None in an official way, except the agitation in the -city of Los Angeles.

Mr. FOSS. But there has been no vote o.r referenduml Mr. RANDALL. No. . Mr. WHEE.I...ER. Mr. Speaker, a parliamentary inquiryA The SPEAKER. The gentleman will -state it. 1\lr. "WHEELER. Has n.nanim·ous consent been given for the

consideration of this bill? The SPEAKER. It has not. 1\fr. WHEELER. Then why can we be ·considering it at this

time? The SP.E.A.KER. ·Because the ;gentleman from Wisconsin re­

served the right to object. MI:. RANDALL. · Mr. Speaker, the only action we ha:ve had on

this question of annexation .is in -the case of the city of Tropic(}; lying between Glendale and Los Angeles, which .recently voted on a proposition to annex to Los Angeles, .and Toted ;it down. Then at a lu:ter -election Tropico vo,ted to annex to ·Glendale. Apparently some cities 'vould rather ann~x themseh:es to cities out We than· to Los Angeles.

1\I.r. GILLETT. "Will the gentleman yield? 1\Ir. RANDALL. Yes. .l\1r. GILLETT. Do I nnderstund that these post offices were

·established as rmbstations by the department without action .of Congress?

2\Ir. RANDALL. Y.es; the offiees were disc:ontinuetl by the Postmaster General and made suhstutions, but he has no power to reestablish them except as post offices of the fourth class . In such a case there is no money -available fo.r clerk hire or carrier service.

l\1r. GJLLF.'l'T. Then I ·understand that the Postmaster Gen­eral .has power to destroy but not to .restore?

Mr. RANDALL. He bus power to destroy .any presidential vost office, but he can not i!"estore it without action of Congress.

.M:r. GILLETT. When was this done'? .Mr. RAND.AI,L. About ·seven years ago. l\1r. STAFFORD. What is the attitude of the present Post

. Office Department as to a change of the status of postal stations tributary to large city po~t offices?

l\1r. RANDALL. I can not inform the gentleman as to the general attitude, but I can say tllat the Post Office Department drew the language of the bill in this particular .case.

1\fr. STAFFORD. Has the ·gentleman ·:a letter from the Post­master General in which he says that he approves of thls?

1\lr. RANDALL. No. 'l'he First Assistant Postmaster Gen­eral was before the ·Po t Office Committee and interrogtited, and there he drew the· language for this bill. The Po~t Office Committee has unanimously -recommended the passage of this hill.

1\fr. STAFFORD. Mr. Speaker, until we ha>c some expre s .recommendation irom the Pootma.ster General favoring this adminish·utive policy I shall have to object.

The SPEAE:ER. Objection is made, -and the bill will :be stricken from tlle calendar.

'MESSAGE FROM THE .SENATE .

A message from the Senate, by Mr. Waldorf, its enrolling clerk, announced that the Senate had agreed to the amenctments of the House of Representatives to joint resolution (S . .J. Res: 92) providing additional time .for the payment of pmchase money under homestead entries within the fo1·mer Colville Indian Reservation.

The me age ll.lso nnnouncetl t11at tbe President .had, on March J.., 1918, approYed and signed bill of the "following title:

S. 3389. An act to authorize and empower the United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation to purchase, lease, t·equisition, or other"'Wise ·acquire, and to sell ·or otherwise dis­pose of improved or unimproved land, houses, buildings; and for other purposes.

3000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARcH 4,

ENROLLED JOINT RESOLUTION SIGNED. T11e SPEAKER announced his signature to joint resolution of

the following title: S. J. Ues. 92. Joint resolution providing additional time for the

payment of purchase money under homestead entries within the former Colville Indian neservation, Wash.

FOREIGN DECORATIONS Al\1> MEDALS OF HONOR. Mr. CALDWELL. .Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent

that the two next bills on the Calendar for Unanimous Consent, S. 2796 and S. 1720, be passed momentarily, as both Mr. SHALLEN­BERGER and l\lr. ANTHO~Y are attending a meeting of the Com­mittee on 1\Iilitary Affair~.

The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report both of these bills by title, and the Chair "ill then put the request.

The Clerk read as follows: S. 2796. An act to permit American citizens to wear medals or deco­

rations rC'ceived from C'ertain foreign countries on enterina the military or naval service of the United States, and for other pupo;'es · •. 1720. An act to provide for the award of medals of· honor and distinguished service medals.

The SPEAKER. The gentleman from New York requests that tl1e bills just reported by the Clerk be passed temporarily, to be brought up later, when the gentleman from Nebraska (1\Ir. SHALLE:r-.13EnGER] and the gentleman from Kansas [Mr. AN­THONY] are in the Chamber. · Is there objection?

Tllere was no objection. · DESERT-LAND ENTRY1.IEN.

The next business on the Calendar for Unanimous Consent was the bill (H. R. 175) to amend an act entitled "An act makin(7 appropriations to supply deficiencies in appropriations for th~ fi~cal year .1915 and for prior years, and for other purposes."

The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present considera-tion of the bill?

T11ere was no objection. The SPEAKER. This .bill is on the Union Calendar. Mr. STAFFORD . . Mr. Speaker, as no member of the Com­

mittee on Public Lands is present, I ask unanimous con ent that the bill be considered in the House as in Committee of the Whole.

The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Wiscon in that the bill be considered in the House as in Committee of the Whole?

l\lr. COOPER of Wiscon in. 1\lr. Speaker, rc::Jerving the right to object, this bill comes from the Committee on Public Lands?

1\Ir. STAFFORD. It does. Mr. COOPER of Wisconsin. Is a~y member of the Committee

on Public Lands present? 1\Ir. JOHNSON of Washington. I think that committee is en­

gaged in important bearings on the leasing bill at this time. 1\Ir. STAFFORD. This bill merely seeks to extend the date

of a bilJ that pa sed here in 1915 so as to permit certain entry­men that entered under the desert-land law a few months subse­quent to the passage of this act to ba ve the benefits of the pro­visions of the law. It is a remedial measure of minor character in which the gentleman from Colorado [1\Ir. TIMBERLAKE] is in­terested.

1\lr. COOPER of Wisconsin. 1\Ir. Speaker, I have not a copy of the bill before me, but from what the gentleman from Wi -consin has just said, the bill we passed in 1915 allowed certain entrymen who bad all·ead~ made certain entries to have certain privilege , and now this amendment, he says, merely permits other people who made entries after that to haYe the same privi­lege. It strikes me that this grants a privilege of some conse­quenc~

:Mr. STAFFOUD. To permit those who made entry, as I re­call it, in the few weeks pending the legislation, to have the same privileges as were conferred by the law that was passed at that time. I may say that this bill has the approval of the Secretary of the Interior, as is evidenced by a letter which is incorporated in the report.

The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the reque t of· the gentleman from Wisconsin to consider the bill in the IIouse as in Committee of the Whole?

There wa no objection. The SPEAh.'"ER. The Clerk will report the lJill. The Clerk read the bi1l, as follows : . Be it enacted, etc., That the pro vi ions of the Jast three paragraphs

of section 5 of the act of March 4, 1915, "An act making appropriations to supply deficiencies in appropriations for the fiscal year 1915 and for prior years, and for other purposes," be, and the same are hereby extended and made upplicab!,e to any 1awfu1 pending desert-land entry made prior to March 4. 19lo: Prom ded, That in cases where such en­tries bavc been assigned prior to the date of the act the assignees shall if otherwise qualified, be entitled to the benefit hereof. '

The SPEAKER. The question is on the engrossment and third reading of the bill. · ·

Mr. STAFFOUD. Mr. Speaker, I have a minor amendment which I desire to offer, on page 2, line 1 after the last " tb " to insert the words " approval of this." '

The SPEAKER. The Clerk \Yill report the amendment. .The Clerk read as follows: Page 2, line 1, after the word "the," where it occurs the last time

1n the line, insert "approval of this."

The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the amend­ment.

Mr. COOPER of Wisconsin. Mr. Speaker, I would like to have the gentleman from Wisconsin explain precisely what thn.t amendment does.

Mr. STAFFORD. Mr. Speaker. this proviso grants the privi­leges of this act, not only to those who entered upon the land under the desert-land laws in the period prior to March 4, 1915, and subsequent to July 1, 1914, but to any assignees of those entrymen in which the assignment has been made prior to the approval of this act. The purpose of the proviso is to grant the same privilege to the assignees of these entt·ymen as to the original entrymen, aml the purpo e of my amendment is ~erely !o clear up .the pbra~eology ; bu~ if there is any objec­tion to 1t I shall withdraw tt, because It is merely to impro\e the phraseology. .

Mr. COOPER of Wh;con. in. All of these entrymen could assign to the same assignee?

.l\lr. STAFFORD. They could under the provisions of the bill as recommended by the Secretary ·of the Interior.

Mr. SHERLEY. Do I understand the gentleman's amendment is to clarjfy the meaning of the language on page 2 of the bill "prior to the date of the act"? •

Mr. STAFFORD. Yes. · Mr. SHERJ:EY. And bow does the gentleman propose it shall read?

Mr. STAFFORD. "Prior to the date of the approval of this act."

Mr. SHERLEY. I think that enlarges the bill very much. 1\Ir. STAFFORD. I think that was the purpose of the framer

of the bill; lmt if there is objection I shall withdraw the amendment.

Mr. SHERLEY. 1\Ir. Speaker, if the gentleman wiU yield further, I suggest to him that the real amendment ought to be to make this language so clear as to. indicate without doubt that the assignment must have been made prior to March 4, 1915. .

Mr. STAFFORD. I will say to the gentleman from Ken­tucky it was not the purpose, as the gentleman will see from reading the letter of the Secretary of the Interior, to limit the privileges to only those assignees who received the assignment prior to that date.

1\!r. SHERLEY. Why should it not be? Mr. STAFFORD. I am merely carrying out the suggestion

of the Secretary of the Interior. Under the original law incor­porated -in the appropriat:on bill, which this is seeking to amend, the privilege was granted to all assignees of these rights up to a certain date.

1\lr. SHERLEY. The Secretary does not seem to be overly enthusiastic about the bill at all.

1\lr. STAFFORD. I agree with the gentleman that it merely extends certain privileges to certa!n entrymen who made entry in an interregnum so as to give them the same privilege . I am merely doing this in the absence of the gentleman from Colorado, who is engaged in committee work.

Mr. SHERLEY. I think the way the act is now drawn it is limited to thnt date, so I am willing to let it go.

1\Ir. STAFFORD. Then I withdraw my amendment 'Upon the suggestion of the gentleman from Kentucky.

The SPEAKER. Is there objection? [After a pause.] . The Chair hears none.

The bill \Vas ordered to be engros ed and read the third t ime was read the third tillle, and passed. '

On motion of l\lr. TIMBERLAKE, a motion to reconsider the vote by which the bill was passed was laid on the table.

RELIEF OF SETTLERS ~DER FORFEITED CAREY ACT PROJECTS. The next business on the Calendar for Unanimous Consent

was the bill (II~ R. 5559) to authorize a preferenc~ right of entry by certain Carey Act entrymen, and for other pm·poses.

The Clerk read the title of the bill. The SPEAKER. Is there objection·? 1\Ir. SHERLEY. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to object

I would like to know something about a bill as important a~ this before it pas es. ·

1\Ir. TAYLOR of Colorado. Mr. Speaker, . I will be gla<l to explain the bill to the gentleman and to the House. Mr. Speaker, in s_everal of the We tern States there are a number

1918. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3001 of what are known as "Carey Act" irrigation projects. Those projects are started by agreement between the Federal Govern­ment nud the various States. The States enter into an agree­ment \Yith some large corporations to build large irrigation ditche reservoirs, and so forth, and allow settlers to come in and tak~ a l60-acre homestead on those pro~ects. On some of those projects the companies that have agreed to build the ditches have fallen down. They have been unable to get the money to finance the proposition, or the available supply of water has proven insufficient, and for various reasons the parties have been unable to go ahead with it, and there are a number of those projects where hundreds of people have been living on the land for a number of years, hanging on the best they conlrt, and improving their claims as much as they can, and waiting and hoping that some day the company would build its ditches and extend water to their land. After nearly 10 years of wait­ing, the Interior Department has the authority, under certain conditions, to cancel and forfeit the project and declare the lands thereunder open to entry under the public-land laws, and ther~ is no law that allows those settlers on these Can~y Act projects any prior or preference right to take or hold their claims. They may have lived on their land 5 or 10 years, they may have put in all the improvements they could, .and all of their time, and yet, when the entry is canceled the land is thrown open to public entry by the Interior Department; if somebody else can get a faster horse and beat these _men to the land office, they can tile on the land and get the first right to it and beat the man out of his home. This bill of mine merely gives the settler who has established a bona fide residence upon . tile land made valuable and permanent improvements upon the land: 90 days' prior right to file upon the land that he is living on. This bill, if passed, would hold that claim as against all strangers 90 days for the rightful occupant to go to the land office and file on it. The bill is very short, and reads as follows:.

That the Secretary of the Interior, when restoring to the public domain lands that have been segregated to a State under section 4 of the act of August 18, 1894, and the acts and resolutions amendatory thereof. and supplemental tbe.reto, commonly called the Carey Act, 1s authonzed, in his discretion, and under such rules and regulations as he may estab­lish, to allow for not exceeding 90 days, to any qualified person, a pref­erence rJght of entry under applicable public land laws of any of such lands to which such pet·son bad initiated a claim under the State laws, and upon whlcb such person had established actual bona fide residence, or bad made substantial and pe.rmanent improvements.

This bill was referred to the Department of the Interior for recommendation, and the Acting Secretary reported thereon as follows:

Ron. SCOTT FERRIS, House of Representatives.

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, Washington, .August 20, 1917.

MY DEAR Mn. FERRIS: I am in receipt of your letter dated August 3, 1917, transmitting a copy of II. n. 5559, intr{)duced by Mr. TAYLOR of Colorado. · -.

In the opt>ration of the. Carey Act it has unfortunately occurred that lands se~regated thereunder to a State, and entered under the State laws by mdividuals, havl:' been eventually abandoned by the State, with consequent prejudice to the interests of its entrymen, whose legal rights depend upon those of the State, and tet·minate with the cancellation of thl:' sl:'gr<>gation. The purpose of the bilf is to•minlmize the losses of such entrymt>.n, so far as lt may be done. The bill as pre ented is workable, but it is belleved that with s-light changes in phraseology the purpo e can be b<>tter effectuated.

The bill is intended to apply to every case where lands are elimi­nated from a segregation under the Carey Act and the introductory clause, " In ca ses where Cat·ey Act projects upon the public lands are not consummated by the States holding same," add nothing to the m eaning of the act, and might well be eliminated, since there ~s a possi­bility that some might take the -clause to limit the operation of the act to cases where the project Is abandoned in its entirety, while the bill should cover, as well, cases where only part of the lands are eliminated from the project.

The granting of the preference right is in the nature of an equitable action, and should be granted only when the equities at·e clear. It would be difficult to provide, in advance of a·ctual consideration of cases,. for general rules that would pe applicable to all cases . While sorue such "claims" imtiatPd under the State laws are meritorious, others are of a more or less doubtful character. Accordingly, it would appear that the Secretary should have the authority to allow the preference in hJs discretion, and to make special rules in any particular case that seemed to r equire su ... h action, as, for instance, in restrict ing the pref­erence right to thoRe who had ma de entry prior to a specified date, on which the State had been advised of the opinion of the department or of the General Land Office. that the water ~upply would be insufficient. It should be stated m this connection that It is not now the practice ()f the States to allow fillngs under the State law until the successful completion of the project is reasonably assurf'tl.

Ot·dinarily the only law under which t ' !:' contemplated entries could be made would be the homestead law. However; it might be well to broaden tbe scope of the act to include any applicable public-land law so as to govern an v exceptional cases that might arise in which entries could be made nuder other laws.

It is accordingly suggestPd that the act be amended to read us

fol,I,~k8 it enar:ted, eto., That the Secretary of the Interior, when restoring to the public domain lands that have been segregated to a State under section 4 of the act of August 18, 1894, and the acts and resolutions amendatory thereof and supplemental thereto, commonly culled the CnrQy Act, is nulliortzcd, in bis discretion, and under sucll rules and regulations as he may cstabllsb, to al-

low for not exceeding GO days to any qualified person a preference right of entry under applicable public-land laws of any of such lands to which such person had initiated a claim under the State laws, and' upon which such person had established actual bona fide residence or had ·made substantial and permanent improvements."

C.ord.lally, yours, ALEXANDER T. VOGELSANG,

Aoting Se01·etm·y. The committee adopted the substitute recommended by the

Interior Department as an amendment, the only change being to extend the time in which entrymen are allowed to take advantage of the law to 90 days rather than limit it to GO days, because of the fact that in many cases the settlers would not be able to learn of their rights within the 60 days recommended by the Secretary. The time really ought to be longer, because some of these settlers have gone into the Army or Navy and are now in . France.

There have been started in former years a very large number of Carey Act projects throughout the Western States. Some of them have been successfuJ, others have been partially successful, and a number of them have already been forfeited, and many others undoubtedly ought to be and will be forfeited, because of their utter failure. These failures have very few been fraudu­lent, or through bad faith, ar bad management. Many of tbem have been started through a misunderstanding of the quantity of water available, and through incompetency in engineering, and failw·e to properly estimate the necessary expenses of con­struction of reservoirs and dams and canals, etc., and some have failed through the inability of the parties to properly finance their enterprise. In many cases large numbers of innocent home-seekers and poor people have been induced to go upon these projects and locate upon 160 acres of land and commence improving it.

Many of them have built houses and lived there in good faith for years, claiming the land and improving it as best they could without any water to irrigate with, waiting and hoping that the irrigation works would be consu·ucted. And after spending years of time and labor and money the projects have proven a failure and been abandoned and forfeited and thrown open to settlement by the Secretary of the Interior. At the present time there is no law that in any way protects the prior rights of the settlers upon those projects to the lands they actually occupy. When the lands are thrown open to entry, any person who can beat them to the land office can -file and get a first right to the land upon which these settlers have spent many ~·ears of hard labor and time and all of their money toward improving and making a home.

This bill merely protects them to the extent of giving them a no days' preference or prior right after the land is forfeited and thrown open to entry by the Secretary of the Interior in wh~ch they may go to the land office and file upon the lands themselves under the homestead law or the desert-land law, or the- preemption law in some cases-that is, they can file under whatever law that is applicable to the character of land that is thro,vn open to entry. No one could take more than 160 acres, because that is all be can take under the Carey Act, ami that would be the extent of the -amount of land that he is living upon or improving. It is a humane measure in the intere t of protecting the homes anu improvements and property rights of these pioneeF settlers who have in good faith been trying under the Carey Act projects to acquire a home. The Government lo es not11ing under this propo ed act, and certainly the people who are living upon and \Vbo have improved the land are more entitled to a first claim to the land nnd a preference right to enter it than a mere stranger who has done nothing toward living upon or improving it. For the above reasons the com­mittee is heartily in favor of expeditiously passing this bill, because several of tho e projects will probably be forfeited and opened to entry in the near future.

l\lr. SHERLEY. Does it not do this: Does it not give him an inducement to take .this matter out of the Carey Land Act and put it in t11e hands of the Government, and thereby put a burden on the Government in connection with irrigation?

Mr. TAYLOR of Colorado. No; the bill has no such effect or tendency. I do not think so; no.

Mr. SHERLEY. If be had not a preferential right, he would still try to get the State to do what it agreed to do and had fallen down on.

1\Ir. TAYLOR of Colorado. The State and the settlers have been trying for. many years to induce the promoters of the projects to complete work and furnish water to the lands under it. These projects have been started in goo<l faith, but the diffi­culties encountered have been too great and they have been unable to complete the projects.

Mr. SHERLEY. If the gentleman will yi~ld, I want to say this to him : It is impossible for a ::Uemuer to e.:s:nm.ine bills of th.Ls character who is not familiar with them ns n member of

3002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. ]lARcH 4,

the ·Committee on Public Lunds, so as to determine whether , the-y ought to be taken up by unanimous .consent. I do not

thinl• the Committee on Public Lands -should :a k of the Congress constant con ideration by unanimous consent of bills of this magnitude. Tl1ey ought to be taken up ·as other public bills are on the regular calendar, and I shall for that reason object to its consideration.

l\lr. TAYLOR of Colorado. Will the gentleman withhold his objection for a moment?

The SPEAKER. Is th-ere objection? 1\lr. SHERLEY. I will withhold the objection, but I .am

going to make it on .account of the principle I ha\e announce-d. Mr. MONDELL. l\lr. Speaker, I hope the gentleman 'WiH not.

This is a very simple matter, and it is an act of such simple justice, if my friend will listen to me, that there certainly ought to be no obj ction to it

JUr. SHERLEY. If the gentleman will permit, he "Cloes not get the point of it at all--

1\lr. 'VALSH. 1\Ir . .Speaker, I object. The SPE.AKER. The gentleman from l\Iassacbusetts objects,

.and the bill is stricken from the ealendar. Mr. TAYLOR of Colorado. Will tbe gentleman from Massa­

chusetts permit the bill to remain on this calendar until I have an opportunity to more fully explain it to him and the gentle­mn.n from Kentucky [1\'tr. SHERLEY]?

The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Colo1·ado asks unani­mous consent that this bill be pas ed ove1· without pi"ejudi<!e and go to the foot of the- calendar. Does the gentleman fr.om .hlr..s­.sachusetts agree to that?

_1\Ir. WALSH. I have no objecti.on. ·"The SPEAKER. It is so ordered, and the bill goes to the

foot of the calendar. - Al\IENDME!\"'T TO THE 'ESPIO "AGE ACT.

The ne:rt bill in order on the Oalendar for Unanimous Consent was the bill .(H. R. 8753) to amend .section 34 title 1, of the .act entitled "An aet to punish nets .of interference with the foreign relations, the neutrality, and the foreign commerce of thB United States, to .punish espionage, and better to enfor.ce the criminal laws .Jf· the United States, and fo1· other purpos.es," 'approved June 15, 1917. ~he Clerk t·ead the title of the bill. The SPEAKER. Is there objection? M-r. SHERLEY. Mr. Speaker, reserving the 1·igbt, I do not

think -we ought--The SPEAKER. The Chair could not hen.r the gentleman;

he had his bead tucked down. i\Ir. SHERLEY. I am making myself llearu now. 1\ir. WEBB. 1\lr. Speal.:er. I will be very glad to .explain the

effect of t'llis a meudment to section 3 of the espionage act. The committee amended section 3 of the espionage act by in­

serting the following words .: Or shall willfully -make or convey false reports or false statemP.nts

with intent to obstruct the sale by the United Stat-es of bonds or other i>ecurities of the Gnited States Qr the making of loans by or to the United -states. •

It is perfectly apparent, Mr. Speaker, that any man who falsely .and \Villfuliy drculates a ;:report for the purpose of injur­ing the sale of bonds upon which the sucee s of this war is bound to be 00. ed ought to be declared to be guilty .of .an offense and pun:ished, and that is all this bill does as an amendment to sectien 3 of the espionage act.

The SPEAKER. Is t11ere objection? 1\:lr. SBEHLEY. .1\lr. Speaker, I haYe no objection whate\•er

to this amendment. I think 1\\e need some legislation going even further than this goes. Tl1e 1-eason for my re erving the right to object w.as thi ·, that [ think with matters that are not purely local-private bill , practieally-that ,,.e ought to have some sort of a-planation made to the committee touching them before they are taken up on this calendar. If we do not do it, all of us .are going to wak-e up with regret touching some hills; that will go throtuzh under mi apprehension or non-appreciation of their importance. I have .no objection to this bill.

The SPEAKER Is there objection to the consideration of this bill'! [After a pause.] The Chair hears none. The Clerk will report the bill.

The Clerk reu<l us follows : A bJ.ll (H. R. 8753) to amend. sectiQn 3. title 1, of the act entitle-d "An

net to puni,h nets of interference with the foreign relations. the neu­trality, and the foreign cowmerce of the United &a.te , to punish e pi­onage, an<l better to enforce the> criminal laws of the United Stutes, and fur otber pur pose:;," aPTH'O>e<l Ju:ne 1'5, 1917. Be it enacted, etc., That section 3 of title 1 of the act entitled .. n

act to punish acts of interference with the foreign r(llatlons, the neu­trality, an<l the forci~n comme1ce of the United State , to punish -espionage. nnu better to enforce the criminal lnw of the United States. and for other purpose· ," app:rove<l June iL5, HH7, ·be, .and ttw ·same is hereby, amended so as to rt!ad as follows~

" SEc . . 3. Whoever. when the Uiiited States is at war, shnll willfully make ~r convey fal e repru·ts or false statements with intent to int+>r­t'ere wiFJl t?e operation or success of the military or naval forces of the Umted State·, or to promote the succet>s of its nemie.·, or wltJ1 lntent to -<>bstruct the sale b.v the United States of bonds or other F;ccuri­tlPs of the United tates or the making of loans by OI' to the Uniterl ·State , and whoever. whel!- the Un.ited Stat<:s is at war, shall willfully cause or attempt to cause m ubordination, dlsloyaltv, mutiny or refu al of. <luty in the military or ~ayal forces of the Unltcd States, or shall willfully obstruct the recrUiting •or enlistment service of the Unit d Sta~es, to the injury of the service or of the United States, shall be pumshed by a fine of not more than $10,000 or imprisonment for not m-ore than 20 years, or both."

Al o the following committee amendment \>as read: Insert, on pa,ge 2, linE> 7, the words: "shall willfully make o.r conT"ey

false .reports or false £tatements.'' .

. The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the am~nd­.ment.

'l'he question was taken~ and the amenument was agree(} to. The SPEAKER. The. question is on the engrossment and

third reading of the bill. Mr . . MILLER of Minne ota. Mr. Speaker---The SPEAKER. For what pm·po e doe the gentleman ri ·e ? Mr. jUILLER of Minnesota. 1 move to amend by striking out

the last word. The SPEAKER. This is a House Calendar bill. The Spenkm·

will recognize the gentleman. Mr. l\IJLLER of Minnesota. I desire to a k the "'entlenum

fJ:om North Carolina [Mr. WEBB] a quE-Stion. Perhap~ he made a statemeD:tt but I rud not hear it through the confusion in this part of the Chamber, definitely stating how this amends the existing law. I did not understand tliat he so stated. I wish he would kindly explain lt. I could not get it from the read­ing which the Clerk just made.

1\fr. WEED. Section 3 -of the espionage act contains these words:

Whoever, when the United States is at war, shall willfully make or convey false .reports or false statements with intent to interferE> with the .opexation or success of the military or naval fot·ces of the Uniteu States, or to promote the success of its enemies, or-

And this amendment adds-Shall willfully make or convey false reports or false statements-

And then-with intent to obstruct the sale by the United States of bonds or other ~~~i~~a~s.the Unlted States or the making of loans by or to the

I may say that this amendment is urgently recommended by the Secretary of the TrPasury aml the Attorney General. They say they know -of a number of cases where disloyal persons have been going around making false reports in order to influence people against the buying of liberty bonds. And a man who does tbat is disloyal, and we think the act ought to be amenued so as to make him guilty nf a crime.

l\1r. l\1ILLER .of Minnesota. The purpose of this bill is to make it a crime and pun:ishable as a crime any .act that tends to -obst1·uct this Government in the sale of its bonds?

1\fr. WEBB. Not any act, but any false statement deliberatel.Y made for the purpo of obstructing the sale of bonds.

1\.fr. MILLER of Minnesota. I think it is timely leglsla.lion. 1\lr. JOHNSON of Washington. For in tance, Judge !luther­

ford, of Georgia, I think, who is the president of the American Bible Study Club, a succes or to P.asto1· Rus ell, has been going through tb~ Northwest to advise people to get rid of tltelr bonds, in that we are going to have a revolution in this {!OUntry. Will this .get a man of that character?

1\fr. WEBB. I do not think so. It is hnrdly that broad. I think this bill covers prospecti-r~ purchases and not those al­ready made.

Mr. SHERLEY. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. \VEEB. I wiU. Mr. SHERLEY. Has this committee under consilleration ad­

ditional legislation dealing 'With this broad general subject? l\1r. 1VEBB. Not with reference to· bonds. Mr. SHERLEY. No; but the general subject of acts of peo­

ple ill disposed to-v ard the Government tllat do not come technicaUy under the law as to sedition or treason?

1\Ir. WEBB. We have a bill which we are going to offer as a sub. titute to the bill S. 383, defining whn..t wnr utilities and · p1"<effilses .are, and make it a crime for anybody to injure or obstruc-t tho e war utilities, which will get the man who can not be convicted of treason, and yet commit an offense that ought to be punishable.

1\Ir. SHERLEY. How soon mny the House hope to ha-re it? I\lr. '\'"EBB. I hope to have that in the House b_y 'Ye<lncs­

daJ·~ The committee has ngreea on a .sub titute. 1\Ir. COX. I '\Yant to u.sk the .gentleman u que tiou along tile

line propounded by the gentleman from Kentucky, as to the ,Proposition 'vhicll llis committee will bring out probably soon.

1918. CONGRESSION .AL RECOR.D-HOUSE. 3003 Tnke a case of this kind, where a citizen of this country ad­vise-; drafted soldiers to go into the Army, learn drilling tactics, and become efficient in the use of the gun, in that the time wm come when tho e soldiers will be n ·ked to turn their gun!'! upon the President of the United States. I am told down here at the Department of Justice that with declarations like thnt, that do not amount to treason, there is no Federal law that will catch men of tlmt kind, and it strikes me they ought to be caught and prosecuted most vigorously. Now, will your pro­po ed bill touch men of that kind?

l\Ir .. WEBB. No, sir. We have been as diligent as possible in passing all the legislation recommended by the heads of these departments, including the Attorney General and the Secretary of the Treasury. but of course new conditions arise and demand new legislation. and we shall meet them as rapidly ns the rules of the House permit.

l\Ir. SHERLEY. The point I was asking the gentleman abnut, I think is the same point the gentleman from Indiana is inter­ested i~. We are constantly told of instances arising in differ­ent parts of the .country where the department claims to be un­able to act becau e there is no penal statute that covers the case. Now. there is no doubt that the sentiment of this Con­gre8s and the country is such that they do not propose to tol­erate the continuation of tho e acts, and if additional legisla­tion is needed it ought to be forthcoming.

1\lr. WEBB. I ~vant to say to my friend_ that I agree with bim, and the legislation, so far as that is concerned, will be presented to the House.

Mr. COX. In that connection, now, does the Attorney Gen­eral t·ecommend any legislntion aR suggested by the gentleman from Kentucky and myself?

Mr. WEBB. It covers the legislation suggested by the gen­tleman from Kentucky, and we will offer it as a substitute for Senate bi11 383. ·

l\1r. COX. I beg the gentleman's pardon; I am not eXpressing any dissent from what the committee is going to do, but it stril{es me that if the Department of Justice is correct in its opinion as to what the law is now-and no doubt the department is correct-we ought to have some wider and broader and deeper legislation in this country that would reach 0ut and take hnl(l of the men who are uttering seditious statements against this Government, criticizing the President right and left, and talking about a revolution to come.

Mr. WEBB. I think a great many of those people have been arrested by the authorities and put in jail under the espionage nnd other acts.

Mr. COX. I have been trying my best to have action taken, but it seems I can not do it to save my life.

1\Ir. JUUL rose. The SPEAKER. For what purpose does the ge~tleman from

Illinois l'ise? 1\fr. JUUL. · I rise to say that I wish the gentlemen would

let us in on this debate. Mr. WEBB. The Committee on the Judiciary of the House

ls in close touch with the Department of Justice. and we are gladly acting on practically every suggestion which they make to us.

1\lr. COX. I am seeking information, because I am called upon almost every day to advise some action back in my dis­trict. Suppose a case of this kind comes up: A man says to another man, "You and I should stand together, and your people and my people should stand together, because there is going to be a revolution in this country before long, and we have got to stand together in this thing." If a case like that is brought to the attention of the Department of Justice, or a case similar to that, I am told that there is no remedy for it. I am told that "it is all up to the boys on the hill." Has the gentleman in view such legislation as that?

l\lr. WEBB. No recommendation as to that has been made to us.

Mr. COX. ·They told me tbat they had substantiaJly that kind of legislation, I think, embodied in the e pionage act last fall, designed to cover the very case I was citing, but that it was cut out up here. They said that if we enacted such legis­lation they would enforce it down there.

Mr. WEBB. I have no recollection of such legislation being proposed, but we thought, and the country thou~ht. that the espionage act covered practically every offense that we could then think of.

l\lr. COX. It may not have been the espionage act that they referred to, but they said they had urged it, and that Congress had eliminated it.

l\1r. GARD. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. WEBB. Certainly.

Mr. GARD. I would s-ug~est that the la~.!!~'fl!!:e of !';e<:·tion 3 -might cover the case suggested by the gentlellluu from Inuiana [Mr. Cox].

Mr. COX. What does it provide? Mr. GARD. It provides that-Whoever. when th• United States is at war, shal1 wlllfnlly make 9r

conv('Y fulse reports or false statements with Intent to interfere witb the operation or success of the military or naval foreps of tht> United States, or to promote the success of its tnemles, or with intent to obstruct the sale by the United States of bonds or other seeurities of the United State~ or the making of loans by or to the United ~tates, and whoever, when the United States is at war, shall willfully causf>, or attempt to cause insubordination. disloyalty. mutiny, or refu~aJ of duty, ln thf> military or naval forces of the United States, or shall willfully (lbstruct the recruiting or enlistment service of the United States, to the injury of the service or of the UnitPd States, shall be punished by a fine of not ruore than $10,000 or Imprisonment for· not more than 20 years, or both.

Mr. COX. Well, it strikes me that that is pretty broad Ian· guage.

l\lr. GARD. I do not see how it could be broader. If the Department of Justice wants it, it seems to me -they could get action under that clause.

Mr. COX. Why not pass it? _ l\lr. WEBB. Tbat is in the law now-a part of the espionage

act, which came from our Committee on the Judiciary: l\1r. COX.~ Well. then, if I may express my opinion, it is that

\Ye have plenty of law now. l\lr. l\IILLER of Minnesota. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman

yield? 1\lr. WEBB. Yes. Mr. MILLER of Minnesota. I want to make a statement and

call it to the attention of the gentleman and to the committee. I recently received information of a thoroughly reliable char­acter-and I got it at first hand-that efforts will undouMedly be made by sinister individuals to reduce the agricultuml output, especially of the Northwest. where breadstuffs are grown, the method being to try to organize farm hands and enuRe them to strike at the criti~al or hat·vest time.

This is not anything new. They have been at it for two or three years. I refer to the Industrial Workers of the Wot·ld. They have tried it in North Dakota. They tried it farther west, and apparently agents are now busy in Minnesota. Unfortu­nately, hO\\~ever loyal people inay be as a whole in any region, there are always some malcontents. In audition. the ·rndus­trial Workers of the World, during the year 1916, brought on a big strike in the iron mines of my State. The iron mines are now running at their full capacity, and they are furnishing 75 per cent of a1J the iron ore used in this country.

The department was able by extra activity and the thorough cooperntion of local people to prevent that which wns attPmpted in the way of organizing strikes in the iron mines shortly after we entered the war. I find that these same agents are just now getting busy up in that country. If a man sets a wheat stack on fire or burns an elevator or bridge he has committed a crime and may be punished; yet that crime is mild compared to that of an individual who goes among farm hands and pom·s into their ears the worst kind of seditious stuff quietly and privately and forms them into an organization that will cnuse them to strike and demimd impossible conditions about the time the harvests are on. I hope I am not seeing things dark, or tltrough a dark glass. I do not think I am, but I know that that danger exi, ts.

Mr. WEBB. Have you got a State law providing against that kind of activity?

l\Ir. MILLER of 1\Iinnesota. We have not a State law provid­ing for that kind of activity. I do not think there is any State law that provides that men can not organize. Men have the right to organize themselves into any kind of an economic organization.

Mr. WEBB._ But that amounts to disloyalty or treason. l\lr. MILLER of M:inne ota. These things are not really

economic, although on theit· face they may appear to be so. They are absolutely hostile to the welfare of the country. It seems to me the General Government ought to be armed with full legaJ authority promptly to handle a situation like this, if the committee can fot·mulate legislation that will do more good than harm. .

1\Ir. WEBB. If the State government can not pass such legis­lation, bow can the Federal Government?

:Mr. l\liLLER of l\linnesota. The State can not pass such laws that will protect the Government.

1\fr. WEBB. It can pass laws that will protect itself and the .Government, and ought to. The gentleman says tlle State gov­ernment has no right to prevent a mnn from going nrounu and organizing labor organizations; neither ha~ the Fe<lernl GoYern­ment such right or, at present, such inclination. If you go fur-

'3004 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. ~iARcn 4,

ther and ma'ke n man guilty of organizing for the purpose of interferin(l' \Tith the prosecution of the war, you can get llim under the Stntc ancl Federal Go\ernments both.

Mr. l\!ILLEit of Minnesota. I hope the gentleman will sup­port legislation of that character. .

l\fr. WEBB. 1 rather think a man of tbnt ki.nd can be caught under the e~pionao·e Iuw that we passed last summer, and he -ought to be appreh:en{1ed, because he is u dangerous character aml a dangerous citizen.

I ask for ·a vote, 1\:Ir. Speaker. The SPEA.KEll. Is there objection to the consideration of

the bill? Ther-e was no objection. . The SPEAKER. T.he question is on the engrossment and .

third reading of the bill. . The bill wu - Qrde-red · to be engrossed and read a third time,

was read the third time, and passed. On metion ·of Mr. WEBB, a motion to reconsider the vote

whereby the bill wns passed was laid on the table. COCONINO AND TUSAYAN NATIONAL FORESTS, ARIZ.

The next business on the Calendar for Unanimous Consent was the bill (H. R. 273) to extend the time for cutting timber .on the Coconino and Tusayan National Forests, Ariz.

The Clerk t·ead the title of the bHL · The SJ?EAK.ER. Is there objection? 1\Ir. FOSTER. "1\Ir. Speaker, reserving the right to objcct--1 1\fr. "'\V ALSH. l\1r. Speaker, I object.

1\Ir. FOSTER. They refuse to 0ake it unless they can buy the land?

l\1r. CARLIN. There is a · claim by the Go\ernment to the ownership of the fee.

l\lr. FOSTER. I understand that. Mr. CARLIN. Against the riparian O'\"\rner. The title is .tn

dispute. The Government has not yet establi heel its claim. The shipbuilding company have bought the ri"'hts of the ripa­rian owners and ha\e negotiated a contract ·with the Secretary of War, subject to the authoricy of Congress, providing that the Secretary of War may sell them the land and given them title, and then pay the money into court and let the courts adjudicate the que tiori to whom the money shall be paid so that the litigation will be concerning the money and not ~on­cerniug the land.

Mr. FOSTER. More than that, I understand the rental that comes to the Government is to be deflucteu from the $70,000.

1\:Ir. C4.c\.RLIN. Only in the- event that the Government estab­lishes its title.

Mr. FOSTER. So that they would buy it for $70,000, less the amount paid for rental?

Mr. CARLIN. In the event that the Government establishes its ownership of the land. If. the Government loses out, the Government does not get anything. This is a suit between the riparian owners and the Government.

Mr. FOSTER. It seems to me a bad policy to sell this land. Mr. MONDELL. Will the gentleman from Virginia yield? 1\Ir. CARLIN. Yes.

LAND IN B.All'TEllY . COVE~ ALEXANDIDA, VA. Mr. 1\:IONDELL. The gentleman from Virginia understands, The next business on 'the Cttlendar for Unanimous Consent . of course, that the whereases which precede tllis bill would

was the bill 1H. R. 6834~ authorizing the sale of a tract of land not become a part of the law. · · . ying below the origi:rull high-water line of the Potomac River Mr. CARLIN. I understand that. in what is 'lmuwn as Battery Oo.ve, at A~ndria, Va. Mr. l\10NDELL. Has the gentleman's attention been called

The "Cl-erk read the tttte of the bill. to the fact that with the wherea es separated from the bill The iSPEA.KER. Is there objection'? the bill would be hardly understandable? ' Mr. FOSTER, Mr. COOPER of Wisconsin

1 and ·Mr. TAYLOR Mr. CARLIN. This is in the form suggested by the War

iDf Colomdo t·eseiwed ltbe l'igbt to object. Department, which practically drew the bill. I understand Mr. HARRISON of 'Virginia.. ·Mr. Speaker, ,J will undertake there is an amendment to be oft:ered by· some on that side

- to .explain this bill if 'I may lmve the 10pport:u.ntty. A dispute : 'striking out the wherea·ses, which would be pe~fectly accept­·arose ootween the United States Government and certain pri- able. vate parties as to the ownership of .certa:ln lands in Alexandria. Mr. MONDELL. But in that event I doubt if anyone could It was .ngreed tha.t the dispute should be transferred from interpret or carry out the act. rthe land to the purctmse price of the land. Certain parties Mr. CARLIN. I think it would be better to leave them in. wanted to :buy the land for ·private purposes, and the Seer~ In other words, the whole coutract is set out in the bill so tnry of War and the United States Government entered into that Congress may understand it. a contract with too other claimants 'for the land that the

1 Mr. l\IONDELL. It would be very easy to redraft the bill so

Government should lsell the land to tJ.rese parties who desired as to make reference to the contract in such a way as would to buy 1t and that ~ mon~y ..should rbe paid into ·court and t identify it ; but as the act stands, the enacting portion of it the t:{UeStion litigated :to ·determine ·who was entitled to the with the whereasas left out would not be understandable; puvchas:e money. ,

1 Mr. CARLIN. Oh, yes; it would, if you strike out only a

· The :bill has been appt'<lved .by t11e1 Secretary of War. The portion of the whereases. The whereases simply recite the letter of the Secretary .of War is here, .desiring that the bill contract. That was done so that Congress might have before pass, and it has been favorably reported by the Military Affairs ' it every line and letter of the contract. Committee. Mr. MONDELL. I suggest to the gentleman that he redraft

~lr. FOSTER. fay I ask the gentleman under what au- his bill. thority tbe ecr.etary of War enters into a contract to sell Mr. CARLIN. This is the form suggested by the War D~ titis land? · purtment.

Ml'. HAERISON of Virginia~ He simply agrees that these Mr. MONDELL. I suggest to the gentleman that he re--parti.es .. sh.all purchase it, the "title to the land be1ng in litigaM . -draft the bill so that without the whereases it would be clear tion in the courts. and definite.

l'tlr. ;;FOSTER.. I . understand that. Mr. CARLIN. The only effect of redrafting would be to 1\lr. HARRISON of Virginia. This is to give him the au- shorten the bfil. It is longer by this pro~ess, but it was

thority to [do th:at. lengthened so that we might know what the contract was . .Mr. FOSTER. That is what -I did not understand-how he If that was not recited in the bill you could say that nobody

could do lt without authority. from Congress. I understand knows what the contract is nnd nobody knows anything about it. that this land was reclaimed by the Federal Government, that It was put in the bill so that you could know all about it. there are nearly 47 acres of it, and now there is a manufac- The SPEAKER. Is there objection? turing plant there building ships, so the report says, and they l\Ir. COOPER of Wisconsin. 1\:Ir. Speaker, reserving the right

."5Vant to get this land in order to be used by this ship-manu- to object, · I call the attention of the gentleman from Virginia facturing company. to the fact that if the preamble should be stricken out the law

1\Ir .. HARRISON of Virginia. I so understand. enacted would read in this way: · 1\Ir. l.f10STETI. Now it is ,Proposed to sell the land to the That whenever the title to the whole of said reclaimed area-

sbip-manufacturing company for $70,000. "Said,-, refers to something prececling that language. If the Mr. HARRISON of Virginia. Something like thnt. preamble is stricken out there will be nothing in the langunge Mr. FOSTER. I see that the rent of the land amounts to preceding it, and therefore "said" will refer to nothing.

$42.000 a year. 1\:Ir. CARLIN. That is correct, unless you in ·ert something Mr. CARLIN. Four thousand two hundred dollars, which in its stead.

is 6 per eent -on the amount of the proposed purchase price. Mr. COOPER of Wisconsin. Before I make the objection, Mr. FOSTER. Why not give them a lease of this land in- 1\1r. Speaker, I wish to say that the Government of the United

.stead of selling it? What is the objection? States has already relinquished very much more of its title Mr. CARLIN. It is to be leased for five years under this to the water front in the United States than it ought ever to bave

agreement. I can explain the rea on for this. The expenditure relinquished. State after State is now being compelleu. ,in require to be made on the lfind by the shipbuilding company is order to get justice at the hands of transportation companies­about $1,500,000, and they are ·unwilling to make that expendi- steamboat and even railroad companies-to buy land ::tt ter­ture without owning th~ title to the land. minals at~enormous prices, whereas if they had always retained

1918. CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD-HOUSE. 3005 the title ancl_lettse<l the land OD suitable termA the transportation fudlities of this couutry would have been greatly en:tanced and illlJII'HYeti. Here it i proposed to rPnt property for $4.200 a , year. which would aggregute in five years $21,000. and then wh~n tLe five years are up sell the same land for $70,000. No legisla­tion of !'Ut'h importance a" this should come up on the Unani­mous Consent Calendar, and I object.

Mr. CARLIN. Will the_..gentleman withhold his objection for a moment?

1\Jr. COOPER of Wisconsin, I will "·ithhold it, but I am going to rE'new it.

Mr. CARLIN. I have no objection to that, but I want to reply to what the gentleman has ~a.hl. In the first place, if the gentlt>man will take time to figure he will find that the rental nllue of $-1,200 is exactly G per cent on the purchase price of $70,000. .

1\lr. COOPER of Wisconsin. Then that is good property for the Govl:'rnrru:!ut to keep.

1\lr. CARLIN. But the _ gentleman does not understand; the Government has not yet ucquire<l the title.

l\lr. COOPEU of Wisconsin. But you seem to expect that it will.

1\lr. CARLIN. The contest will go on between the riparian ow'net•s and the Government and the Government may neVE'!' own it; and yet the gentleman 'vill stop the shipbuilding plant where tiley will have to spenu a million dollars. It may be that tile gentleman does not want the Goverpment to built} ships.

Mr. COOPEH of Wisconsin. After that somewJ1at insulting speecb--

1\Jr. CARLL~. I did not mean It in that way, and if it is offensive to the gentleman I will withdraw it.

Mr. COOPER of Wi~onsin. I ha.ve heard of ~entlemen like the ~entl-eman fr·om Virginia getting up and making insinuating reflections of that kind when a man was simply interested in protecting the people of the United States frow being robbed---

1\lr. CARLIN. I have withdrawn the remark. 1\lr. COOPER of Wiscom~in (continuing). By asking for great

prlvile~es on navigable streams. I do not know wbetlwr the gentleman is interested in this iron company or some other company in trying to get. under unanimous consent this im­portat legislation, but I do know that when he untlert~kes by unanimous com~ent of this kind to make me withdraw an objec­tion, I notify bim that be is pursuing the wrong tactics. That will not affect anybody who has at heart the Interests of the counn·y, and wbo knows what the practical giving away of the water front does and has done. so far as the transportation facilities of this country are concerned. Therefore I object.

ThE> SPEAKER. Objection is made, and tbe bill ·will be stricken from the calendar.

1\lr. CARLIN. Will the gentleman withhold it? The gentle­m.nn bas prevented me from replying to his insinuations.

'I'he SPEAKER. All this fs out of order,., and the bill will be stricken from the calendar.

CHEROKEE NATION.

The next business on the Calendar for Unanimous Consent was the bill (H. R. 4G99) provi<ling .for the payment of CE'rta.in interest. on items 1 and 4 of the ju<lgment of the Court of Claims of l\Iny lB, l90il. in favor of the Cherokee Nation.

The SPEAKER. Is there objection? Mr. STAfi'FORD. I object. I will withhold the objection i!

the geutlt'man from Oldahoma wishes to say something. Mr. HA~TI~GS. :\1r. Speaker, this bill provides fot· tl1e pay­

ment of intere t on items 1 and 4 of a judgment entered by the Court of Chums and aftenvnrds affirmeu by the Supreme Court of tue Unitetl :State in 1906. It is contended by the Cherokee Nation that an error was made in the calculation of the interPst on fwo of the four items. It is contended that there was a mis­take in the calculation of the interest on items 1 and 4 of the judgment. Now, this bill has bQert referred to the Interim· Department and has been referred to the Comptroller of the Treasury, and by ' t·eference to the report, as shown on pages 4 and 5, it will be seen that the Comptroller of the Trea~-;ury re<"ommended it anu the Department of the Interior recom­mended it.

Mr. STAF!tORD. The gentleman says in his closing state­ment that · the Department of the Interior recommended thi~ legiRlation, and ~et I find in a letter from the Secretary of the Interior n strong protest to allowing this fund to go to an at­tornPy, who seemingly is more iotereRte<l in this issu_e _than the Cherokee Nation. He strongly objects to the language of thE> proviso as incorporated on page 3, which provides fot· the pay­ment of these funds to this attomey by . name· of Boudinot, if I remember correctly. I have no objection, and I do not belleve the House would have any objection to the pu!ment of interest

OD thiS fund, Which WRS Yirtually U trust fund thnt failed to be placed t-o the trust. fund of the Cherokee Nation because of some oversight of bookkeeping . in the department. There is a question whether we should in this bill give interest for 10 years on anotiler item which is ascrihed to have been the result of a cleJ·ical error of the Court of Claims.

Mr. HASTINGS: And the comptroller states that, and the department concedes it. . •

Mr. STAFFORD. The comptroller does not state It positively. He states that ·it may have been the result of a clerical error. In the bill following on the Unnnimous-Con~ent Culendat· it is purposed to refer certain interest claimF~ that have already been passed upon by the Court of Claims for reinvestigation by the Court of Claims of items 2 an9 3. and I f!an nnt !':ee any reason-though I think that bill is much mqre objectionable thun this one--wby you should not incorporate in that bill the find­ing by the Court of Claims as to that intereJO;t which is claimed to have been overlooked by rea~on of cleri<-al error.

Mr. HASTINGS. The only difference is that the department has alreauy eonceded that the interest is· due on items 1 and 4. There is no d~spute about that.

1\fr. STAFFORD. I ~ra,nt that. and I have no objection to the payment of•that interest. but tilE> department. if the gentle~ man will bear with me, does mol'lt strenuon:;;ly object to having this money turned over to a claim agent who hm~ a contract that will not expire until 1920 for the payment of this fund.

Mr. COX. What is his per cent? Mr. STAFFORD. Fifteen per cent of the amount recoyered

uncler that contract. · l\lr. HASTINGS. And that was the amount of fee given on

the original judgment. but if that would overcome the gentle­man's objection to the bill, I shall be very glatl to ·hnve hini make a motion or make a ruotlon myself to strike out the objectionable proviso to the bill.

1\lr. STAFFOHD. I think we should have some further assurance than that.

1\lr. HASTINGS. I say that I shaH make the motion myself: Mr. STAFlf'OH.D. I think we should have au as urance !tom

the gentlemen \~ho will be conferees on the bill. · _ l\lr. HASTINGS. Of course, l,. could not say anything about

that. , . . l\Ir. STAFFORD. Here we have a bill coming into tllis House

with a provision tbnt is strongly opposPd by the Secretary of ­the Interior. The bill may leave this Chamher and go to ~n­other body where that same ohjectionnbte p1·ovision may be incorpornted. and still the \Yishes of the Secretary o! the In­terior may be thwarted by the agreement in eonference. Until I can ·have some· as urance from the chairman of the com­mittee or others who may be confereei"' that that objectionable feature will not be assented to, I sh.alll · feel constrained ·to object. ·

Mr. IIASTINGS. Let me say to the gentleman that with th~ elimination of this provi.o, thE>n. it would leaxe this bill, as I recall it, in the verbatim lan~age as reported upon by the department. and they concede that the interest is due on items 1 and 4.

Mr. STAFFORD. Yes. 1\lr. HASTINGS. And that this legislation ou~bt to be en­

acted. I have done all that I po sibly could clo. I have assured the gentleman that so far as I am concerned I shall make a motion to strike out the proviso and pass it in the form the department recommends. which is conceded by all is due the Cherokee Nation. Let me say one word more. There i!': not an officer living of the Cherokee Nation to-(hly1 Every dollar of their money except this has been provirled to be ptlid out. The principal chief of the Cherok~e Nation who made this contract with this attorney, a.s shown in the report. diE'd in November last. There are no executive · officers left of the Cherokee · Nation. We are trying to wine up their affnlrs. It is the biggest tribe in point of oumhers of the Five Civilized Tribes, and, as I recall, the biggest tribe of Indians in America. They have completed the making of their t•oll, they have allotted their lands. and their affairs are practically all woun<J up. We have one or two pieces of legislation that I am endeavoring to get Congress to enact so that the~r aff!lirs will be complett>ly and finally settled up. I can not give the gentleman any assur­ance of what another body will do, but I do say to the gentle­man in good faith, in order that this m.ight he wound up, . in order that this attomey might apply el.:o:ewbere, _ \vherever be can-and, of course, tilat is open to him-1 shall make the motion to strike out this objectionable proviso. a I though I do not agree with the gentleman that it is objectionable or unjust. He has a contract with the princival chief of the Cherokee Nation. 1 do agree with the gentleruao tbHt that provisJ- as. tQ the manner of its being receipted fo1• is objected to by the de-

3006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOTJSE. l\IARCH 4,

partinent, but there is no objection to the payment of the in­·terest, and there is no objection to any other provision of the bill. -It is conceded by all that this interest is due.

Mr. STAFFORD. I see the gentleman's colleague [Mr. CAR­TER of Oklahoma], and I would like to ask him, if he has no objection, what his attitude will be?

Mr. CARTER of Oklahoma. 1\Ir. Speaker, without reference 4> what my position might be, I always conSider it my duty if I happen to be a member of a conference committee to carry out the will of the House to the letter, and I have always at-tempted so to do. ·

Mr. STAFFORD. The gentleman has that record in this House, and I know that no one will question it.

1\Ir. CARTER of Oklahoma. I am somewhat inclined to agree with the gentleman from Wisconsin.

Mr. STAFFORD. · I have not at this moment before me the recommendation of the Secretary so as to say ·whether the bill with the proviso stricken out would leave the bill in the form so thnt the money will be paid over to the Cherokee Nation, as suggested by the Secretary of the Interior.

Mr. HASTINGS. There is no question but what it would be. Mr. STAFFORD. 'Vould the gentleman have ·any objection

to having the bill passed over without prejudi@e so as to take it up two weeks hence?

Mr. HASTINGS. Mr. Speaker, I ask 1manimous consent that the bill be passed over without prejudice.

Mr. FOSTER. To go to the foot of' the list. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Oklahoma asks unani­

mous consent that this bill be passed over without prejudice. l'.lr. FOSTER. And go to the foot of the list. The SPEAKER. And go to the foot of the docket. Is there

objection? [After a pause.] The Chair hears none. LEAVE OF ABSENCE.

By unanimous consent, Mr. HowARD · was granted leave of absence for to-day, on account of serious illness in _his family. CERTAIN CLA.IMS OF THE CHEROKEE NATION AGAINST U ITTED STATES.

The next business in order on the Calendar for Unaillmous Consent was the bill (H. R. 357) conferring jurisdiction upon the Court of Claims to hear, consider, and determine certain claims of the Cherokee Nation against the United States.

The title of the bill was read. Mr. HASTINGS. Mr. Speaker, I make the same request

with reference to this bill. The SPEAKER. Is there objection? [After a pause.] The

Chair hears none, and it goes ·over without prejudice, and goes to the foot of the calendar. TWO ADDITIONAL JUSTICES, SUPREME COURT OF THE DISTRICT OF

COLUMBIA.

The next business in order on the Calendar for Unanimous Consent was the bill (S. 2489) to create two additonal associate justices of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia:

The SPEAKER. Is there objection to thiS bill creating two new judges in the District of Columbia?

Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the bill be passed over without prejudice, and let it go to the foot of the calendar. , . ·

The SPEAKER. The gentleman asks unanimous consent that this bill be passed over without prejudice and go to the foot of the calendar. Is there obj~tion? [After a pause.] The Chair hears none.

Mr. COX. Now, Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent at this place to insert in . the RECORD a statement furnished me by the

-clerk of this court, showing -the volume of business which they have done down there in the law department for the last 15 years, and I respectfully ask tl:!e l\Iembers of the House to -read it. ·

The SPEAKER. The gentleman asks unanimous consent that the printed communication from the clerk of the court stat­ing the quantity and quality of the business transacted by this court in the last 15 years-- ,

l\1r. COX. And that it go in the RECORD as this place. The SPEAKER. And that it go into the REcoRD at this

particular place. Is there objection? [After a pause.] The Chair · hears none. . The statement is' as · follows: INFORMATION FURNISHED BY CLERK OF DISTRICT SuPREME COURT TO CO~­

GRESSMAN WILLIAM E. COX, IN RESPO ' SE TO LATTER'S REQUEST.

Q. Are lawsuits filed in Di~trict Supreme Court docketed in con­secutive order as filed and _ given consecutive law cause numbers?­A .. Yes. , Q. Are appeal and certiorari cases from municipal court docketed as lawsuits filed, and included among such consecutive numbering7-'A. Yes. · Q. How many lawsuits were filed in 1895? Commencing with what ~umber and ending with what number ?-A. One thousand seven hun­dred and twenty-eight cases; 37409 to 39136, inclusive.

Q. How many lawsuits were filed in 1896? Commencing with what number and ending with what number ?-A. One thousand five hundred and ten cases; 39137 to 40646, inclusive.

Q. How many circuit court cases (excluding the appeal and certiorart separate ca.lend&.r) were on the printed law triul calendar of October, 1895 ?-A. Nine hundred and seventeen cases. ·

Q. How many circuit court cases (excluding the appeal and certiorari separate calendar) were on the .printed law trial calendar of October, 1896 ?-A. ·Five hundred and ninety-one cases.

Q. How many of such circuit court cases on the printed law trial calendar of October, 1896, were carried forward from the October, 1895, law trial calendar ?-A. Four hundred and thirty-nine cases.

Q. By what method did the court make such progress upon the law trial calendar between October, 1895, and October, 1896? How many hours a day and ·how many days a week did each of the two circuit

· divisions hold jury trials during that year?-A. By striking old cases long pending from the calendar under rule of court.

Q. How many contested jury trials were conducted in circuit division No. 1 between October, 1895, and October, 1896 ?-A. One hundred cases.

Q. How many contested jury trials were ·conducted in circuit division No. 2 between October, 1895, and October, 189G ?-A. Sixty cases.

Q. How many contested jury cases were conducted in circuit division No. 1 between October, 1916, and October, 1917 ?-A. Forty-five cases.

Q. How many contested jury trials were conducted in c.ircuit division No. 2 between October, 1916, and October, 1917 ?-A. Sixty-nine cases. (None of the foregoing answers in any way disclose the full amount of work accomplished.) . Q. Are both of the circult diviSions conducting jury trials now; and. 1f not, )Vh~ch division is ~ot1 and when did .it last conduct any, and when will It commence agam '!-A. No. Circuit court No. 1. Last jury trials held .January 23, 1918.· The justice assignf.d to this branch has been called by the President to serve on the Railroad Wage Commission.

Q. How many hours a day and how many days a week does either circuit division regularly conduct jm·y trials ?-A. Four days a week. Convening at .10 a. m. and adjourning at 3 p. m. usually.

Q. Was there any period during your connection with the court when the circuit divisions made it a general practice to conduct jury trials during a longer schedule of days or hours, or both? If so, during what period 6r periods ?-A. From 1863 down to fall of 1896 jury trials were held every day in the week excepting Saturdays. .

Q. How many circuit court cases (excluding the appeal and certiorari separate calendar) were on the printed law trial calendar of October, 191G ?-A. Eight hundred and nmeteen cases. ·

Q. How many of such circuit court cases on the nrinted law trial calendar of October, 191G, were cn.rried forward from the October, 1915, law trial calendar?-A. Four hundred and fort:v-nine cases .

Q. In October, 1917, how many of the circuit court cases on the October, 1916, trial calendar remained untried? -. Q. How many new circuit court cases were calendared and ready

to go on the law trial calendar of October, 1917, if one had been printed? <Do not include appeal and certiorari cases which belong on a separate calendar to be heard by criminal division No. 2) .-A. Three . hundred and ninety-two cases.

Q .. Has there been any ;y-ear since 1880 when as many as GOO new circmt ~om·t cases { excludmg appeal and certiorari case ) were placed on the law trial calendar within one year? If so, please state each year separately, followed by the number of such new cases during each of Sllch years. A. No.

Q. How many new circuit court cases went on the law trial calendar of October, 1915, in addition to those carried over from the previous year? And how many were carried forward from previous year ?-A. Carried forward from 1914, 214. New cases added, 222.

Q. How many lawsuits we1·e filed between .January 1, 1890, and .Janu­ary 1, 1900? Commencing with what number and ending with what number ?-A. Thirteen thousand three hundrQd and forty-nine cases; 30231 to 43580, in<:lusive.

· Q. How many lawsuits were filed between January 1, 1908, and Janu­ary l, 1918? Commencing with what number and ending with what number ?-A. Ten thousand eight hundred and sixty cases; 5009-1 to 60954 inclusive. '

Q. How many lawsuits were filed in 1917? Commencing with what .number and enuing with what numbe1· ?--A. One thousand and ninety­eight cases ; 59858 to 60955, inclusive.

Q. How many lawsuits were filed in 1880? Commencing with what number and ending with what number ?-A. One thousand and ninety' cases; 21450 to 22539, inclusive. .

J. R. YOUNG, OZcrk, Supreme Cour·t of the Distt·ict of Columbia.

By A. J. G. BEEKMAN, Assistant Clerk.

FEBRUARY 28, 1918. Mr. WEBB. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to in ert

in the RECORD a statement showing that the District Supreme Court judges terminated last year 1,313 cases per judge. No other United States judge e•er approached such a record.

The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the reque t of tbe gen­tleman from North Carolina? [After a pause.] The Chair hears none.

The statement is as follows: <Jases commenced.

1907-8--------------------------------------------------1911-12-------------------------------------------------1912-13 ________________________________________________ _

1913-14-----------------~-------------------------------1914-15 _____________________________________________ ___ _

1915-16-------------------------------------------------1916-17----------------------------~-----------~-------

For the last year there was an average of 1,613 cases com­menced for each of the six judges.

Cases tenninated. 1907-8-----------------------------------------~---------1911-12 _________________________________________________ _

1912-13-----~-------------------------------------------1913-14-------------------------------------·------------1914-15 _________________________________________________ _

1915-16------------------------~-.-----------·------------1916-11--- ---------------------------------- ·------------

For the last year there was an average of 1,313 cases termi­.nated for each of the six judges.

4,830 5,350 5, 4R3 · 7,088 7,220 9,GG7 9,«82

4,892 5,256 5, 345 6,936 6,!>00 8,188 7,884

1918. 'C(:)NGRESSIONAL REOORD-HOUh"E. 3007 ' CaR•·>~ pPnfltn~ Junto' P.O, 1!)11---------------------------- l2,520 · tbem are not persnnaJly .plea:;:;nnt. hut tlwy huvP always been Ca pentHng Jun~ ·so, HH6----- --~---------------------- 11• 119 clonp 'SJmply fTom a sen~e of rmhliC' uhlig<ttiuu. Tht-> Committee

A<'cumula tion on the dockt>t for ·year-----------------·Cal'e!; pPntling .Tune 30. 1917, for ea('h juilgl'-----------------­CasPs t ~rminat.·d p Pr juctge ln :> t year for Di~triet of Columhia __ Ca:>•"S terminated p<>r judgP la~t ypar tn I n diana ___________ _ Ca;.ps ternnnato;>d pf'r judge last year in -P enn ylvania _______ _ CaRPS termlnatE'd per judge last year tn Ohio ______________ _ Cases t"rminatP<l pPr judge laF;t year in Nebraska _________ _

1 ~-4~1 on the Puhli~ 1-A:.IDds will reeeivP. I ~1m ~ure . . at the hunds of j he ·i ~~g Honse tl1at samf' treutmenr that thP otht>r eo111111i£tees do. .If 'U>3 I there has heen :my •li:::;criminatiou. mt>u conic! ~ay it was in ·

129 favor of th:H committt>e. b~ause most of us rt>Hlize · ome of · the i~~ pressure ,,u 1\IPmhers from u new cnmttry. But ~ the \\'est in

point of Ie~i~latiun and of · time and uf cm1.~id~ratiun on •the floor has bad more tharr any other section of thP country . . Now, I do not say that against it. l state wh~t are siipply the plain facts. kno'\\11 to every man .here.

CaF:E>s t:Pl'minatf'd p l"r ·judge .laRt year tn MUthern district of NE>w York, •with many rehef judges----~-------------- 639

INCREASE OF LIMIT OF COST OF PUlJLIC 1l"UILDING AT MOULTRIE. GA.

The n~:rt bill in orclet· on the Calendar for Unanimous Consent J.Ir. l\10NDELL ami l\lr. ltUCKEH ro~e. was the bill (H. n. 7223) to increase the limit of cost for the '!'he SPEAKEU. The gentlenmu.from Uolorndo [lh-. TAYLOB]

~ purPhm:~e of n site and th<:> Prertiuu thereon of a public building ·has the floor. rlt 1\toultrie, tn· the State of Ge01·~ia. Mr. ·TAYLOR of Colorado. "' yielct to · the .gentleman from

The' Clerk read the title of the bill. l!.lissouri .u moment. The SPE.Al'-ER. Is there objection? The SPEAKER. "Does the g-entlemnn ,yiehl? Mr. l:)TA:FFORD. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to ob- "Mr. RUCKER :I want to say ro -the-gentlPman---

_ject-- l\1r. TAYLOH of Colorado. l yield to thP :.,'t'ntleman ·from Mr. TAYLOR of Colorano. ·1\lr. ·Speaker, reRerving the right 'Vyomin~. if tbe .gentteman from 1\H:-;~nuri will--

to obje('t, R ff'w moments :a~o there were a couple· of'bilts culleu 1\11·. B.UCKEH. ~I am tryin~ to tallt; hut the :rentleman :from · from the ' Puhlic Land, Committee, and each one of them wus Colorado -is all tile time tryiug· to talk, begging the geutlemun:s objected to IJY ' the gentleman fi·om l\la achu ett . Another dis- pnrdon.

' tlug:uished Member of thE' Hooge safcl Uult he objected to the The .SPEAKER -~l'o \\•hom does the gentleman 'from ·Colorado Unanimous Con~ent Calerul:n· hein~ nRe<l hy the Public Lands yield? CommittPe as a clearin~ hou e for its mea~ures. Now;I want to ' Mr. TAYLOR Of Colorado. 'l .yieW lhree minutes to the~B-say to the . Hou~e that. genemlly . .arid prnctie111ly RpeaJdng. the tlemnn from :l\lissourL only way ' that the we~tern ' 1\fpmhet>s can -se.~ure imperutive -and -The ' SPEAI\:I<~R. 'The .gentlemnn can not yield time. pre. sin~ relief for the protection 6f public~lancl settlers and 'Mr. HUCKER. 'Ro far as ·1 am collt'Pl'Hell, if the ~Pntlemun nh!':olutely : nec~ssat-y legislation for the devt>-loprm"nt of the \\'"nilt~ . ~o be diseourteous to-one of hi:s coiiPH;:atP~. '1 (to not car.e. 'Ve. tern Rtntes i~ by u:sln~ the · unanimom~ Otm~Pnt Cnlendar; Re may g-o .rihea<l an(] bf' ilis(•ourtrous. but ·you \Vill not ,puss a-ntl. in the main. the House has hePn very fair and liberal in its mu(•h legis.lntiou by ununirnous cou ·ent. rP<'ognitionuf our neC'eJ ~try u:-;e of that <'~IPmlat·. But I do fPel. 'Mr. Y.A.YLOR of Colorado . • I do nut intewi b)be 'dis<-outteous. as 11 w~tt>rn l\fPmber. when the RtRtemPnt i~ made hPre . on the 'The SPE::\KEH. ' Both gentle1nen are out tif ureter. >rhe floor of tlw House ancl the st~ternent is nuulf' thnt the P'uhli<' qnp:;:tian .is, Is there .objection to the .preseut .;eunsider-..ttion of Ln-nds CommittE>e iH imprl)perly u ing · the Unanimous Con~ent this biH? Cnlpndar as a dearing house, ~mil thflt it wUJ not be hf'reafter. .Mr. TAYLOR of• Colorado. T reservE> the 'l'lght to oh,lect. . pprmittecl. or word~ to that effe<'t. that if thPre t~ •to l1e here· Mr. HUCKER ' I demnntl the regular ortltn·. ~lake your nft~r n di~riminntlon made on thiR ftout· - a~nin)o:t thM <·om1nit- objection, [f you want to object · tee. "hat I ou~ht - tn and mu!"t rel'lent 1t, nnd that tf thnt is .e:oing 'l'he SPEAKEH. The gentlemun from ~ nssnc>hu~tt.-. obj'ef·ts,

~ to he carriP!l out 1 ou,ght to make the ·saiue ·di.!'er:iminntion awl that i~ the ·..end of ' It. :And the ~.bill i-s stri<'ken from the ag~inRt all other Mmmittf't'R ~ othf'r ('OfllDiittt>e hm:; 1\fl:V Dllire calendar. rl~,ht to or .as much need of that calendar as the Public· L'ands "?lfr. WAI .. SH. 1\Ir. Speaker, what .gentlt>man from Mnssa-Committf'e. chnSPtts objectefl?

The · SPEA ((ER. The Chair wm inquire of the Jrel'ltleman The S PEXKER. The gentleman ;from 'Ya achusett<;, ~llr. 1f he ls ' tHIJdug11bout this bill th~fhn-s hP00•<'3Hed up? \VAum.

1\Jr . . TAYLOR uf Col{lrNuo. a am rese1"Ving the -right to ·ob- · l\1r. WALSH. No; 1 £lid not. ject to this bill; yes, sir; -nnd ·1 expect to objeet to lt.- and , to The RPEAKER. I>id uot . the gentlenmn from Mas~chu. t>tts others. 1 call for the 1·e~lar orde1·? ·

l\1r RUCKER. I t hope the ·gentlenmn Will not ,.do •that tuntll 1\tr. RUCKF:H. :y en11ed ·for''the , r'(>~ltar order. he hears from us The ~WEAKER. ·ys tl;lere c)bje('tion?

l\Ir. TAYLOR of Colorado. If tliis House is going to fukP ~l\lr. TA.YJj>R of Coloraclo. I oOjeC·t. that unjust position here against my • committee-- The SPEAKER. The g('ntlPlll~tu ' from Colo-ra'do objects, a nd

1\Ir. WEBB. The Rouse has not done •any such · thing, •but "the hitl is stricken .from the caterular. an indiv-idual l\1emher. The Clerk wiJJ rep<)J't the ne.s:t"bill .

.Mr. TAYLOR of • Coloraclo. It tooks t-o me Uk-e a plR1n and announ.eed discrimlnut1on against the Public Lancls Committee. ond I fePI it is t ·ime ·\Te ascertained here ·nnw .what rommittee::: are -going ' to be penalize<] nncl what uTe not. ~here aTe .33 bills -on this Unanimous Consent Calendar ifor consideration to--duy, •aJld only 4 of •them <>arne .from the ' Public ' Land~ J Cow­mlttee, arrd ,n_ll 4 of them are so plain and fair ttrul · emin.Pnt1v ·just that they ou~ht · to rmss withuut. any objection, and yet tn:~ of thf'm 11re atready objected off.

_Ttte ·SPEAKER. 'ls there objeetlap''? , Mr. ·TAYLOR of Coloracl.o. I object. :

~ Mr. S!'IERLEY. 1\lr. Speaker, re~er:ving tlre -right to objeet, I would hke to -say a word. It is evident the ~entlemao · fr,om Colorado had me in mind because of a statement whi<:b I made a few moments ago. but which, unfortunately. ·he ha nut accu­rately qubted. I ~aid then. and I say now. I flo not think the Public Lands Commi lte€ ought to use the Unanimou Con~nt Calendar as a clearing houso for that character of ·leaislation which is not of a . local and private nature. "l~b~ Un7mimum;; Consent · cale~clar was not created for the purpose of affot·din~ an easy rnedJUm for the <'onsideration of billg of .a general nature. It was created for the purpose of considet1ng in an

• easy method bills which were local or private and to which tlu general policy artachecl. Now, no one more than the gentle- : lllan from Colorado ou~ht to know that thE-re has never been in this House a diRcrimination against tbe ·\\'est as such.

Ancl no man ought to know better than the gentleman from ·0\llorHdo that no'· Member of this .House luis €ver shown Iess-tlis­

. position to discrimfnate against any section or agaii1st i:my conJ­mittee than myself. In the doing of things on this floor many of

TO AYEN·D SEOTION 4067 OF 'THE.JlEVIS'ED STATUTES.

. The next .business (m the Oulendar for Unanimous Con..~nt was the'blll (H. B. ·9=>{)4) ' to;nrueml sectlnn 4067,uf the 'Revt:;ecl Stntutes by ·~tem.lin~ rthe . cope to indutle women.

JHr. RUCKER ·1\lr. Speaket·--'The SPEAKER. Is th~re objection ~to •the con. ideration ~ of

the bill? "1\fr. HUCKER. Res('rving the rie:ht ;to object. 1s1it In order·to

strikf' ont the lRf'lt word• in order . to~et u·minute-or twn'? The SPEAI\:En. It is · not. The .genttl."man has the rightlto

reserw the right to objert. 1\lr. WEBB. I will he glncl to eX}}Jatn the features of the bill. 1\lr. RUCKER. W:ait a minute. l\Ir. Speaker. the •.bill I d~ired to hnve tbe Hou~e eon~icler

n moment ago is o.ne thnt prest>nts mu~h me1~it in my opinion. This Con,greRs . appropriatPcl money to Errett .8 1mll(ling npon ,a Rite bought by it In the Stnte of Geor~ia. ThP authBrl7.ntitms fm· ·the site and the bullcling. are in the S11me :wt----su mud1 for

. the site and so muvh 1for the huilding~ The huilding waR · c~n­tra<'te<l for. . Aftel' the . builcHn-g ·was \T~Il up untl practically complete. as it is . to-day. other Government aMivitiPs wer.e establi~hPd iL thi:s town, ancl the- SE>Ct'etRrY of thP Tren ury says it is 4lbsoluteJy ne<~:s~ary to provide .. lousing for the.·e activities by enlarging the builtlin~ now under cunstruetinn or the Gov­ernment will have to ere<'t -a new huilding or rent n building. The Seeretary. re{lorted that it would require n very ·small arldi­

,ticinal ·sum to add an ad<titinnal story whiiP tht> hot1se is Tin ; p~cess of cons.truetion. lo the ab~~n<'e .of the f'hnirman and the gentlema·n who introduced the bill I felt justifiect in saying this much. The bill ought to pass. But by reason of the fact

'

,

3008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOT SE. ~lARCH 4,

that some gentleman suggested, and perhaps very wisely sug­gestell. that thi s calendar should not be made a clearing bouse for the tlisposal of the public domain, the gentleman frpm Colo­rado [Mr. TAYLOR] is objecting to . ey-erytbing. He will make bas te slowly if he continues such tactics. I want to say that mucll for his benefit.

The SPEAKER. Is there objection? 1\fr. CRAMTON and Mr. 1\IONDELL rose. The SPEAKER The gentleman from l\licbigan [Mr. CRAM­

TON] is recognized. l\fr. Cll.Al\lTON. 1\.Ir. Speaker, it occurs to me that the bill

that has just come up from the Committee on the Judiciary is a very good answer to the position which the gentleman from Kentucky [1\Ir. SHEnLEY] has taken. As I understood his state­ment, it was this: That no bills coming from a~y committee, not only the Committee on the Public Lands but from any com­mittee, because be stated it was not his purpose to discriminate between committees, that no bill coming from any committee that was of a general nature ought to come up on this Calendar for Unanimous Consent. And if the position is sound and cor­rect the gentleman from Kentuch."Y ought to be on his feet now to object to this present bill. I do not anticipate that J:le will so object. I hope that no one will object, because this is a bill to which probably no one in the House has any objection. It is a bill of importance, and there is no good prospect that it can be reached at any time soon or in any other way except on this calendar. I was not here when the House adopted the rule for the Unanimous Consent Calendar, but it seems to me ridiculous to say now that it shall have such a limited scope that a bill of general purpose that everyone wants to see passed must fail of passage because the Unanimous Consent Calendar was not created to take care of it. This is a bill to make the present statute as to spies and aliens applicable to women as well as to men. It ought to be enacted on the call of this calendar.

1\Ir. TAYLOR of Colorado. Will the gentleman yield? 1\Ir. CRAMTON. In a minute. If that bill, to which no one

has objecUon. should be passed to-day, a bill from the Public Lands Committee of a general nature, and to which no one l1as objection, likewise should be passed.

I will be glad to Y.ield to the gentleman from Colorado. Mr. 'rAYLOR of Colorado. Is it not true that no private bill

could go on this calendar-no private claim could come on this calendar? They are absolutely forbidden.

1\lr. CRAMTON. The gentleman will admit there · are bills of more or less local application--

1\:fr. TAYLOR of Colorado. Private claims can not be con­sidered.

Mr. CRAMTON. No; private claims can not be considered, but the bill just stricken off was, of course, a bill of local in­terest. I think that is the distinction that the gentleman from Kentucky w~nted .to make. . -

1\:fr. SHERLEY. Mr. Speaker, if the House will indulge me a moment, I do not want unduly to detain it, but the proposi­tion is not simply that no matter of a general nature- should ever be considered by unanimous consent. No one ever so stated; but, speaking by and large, the Unanimous Consent Cal­endar should not be the medium for the consideration of mat­ters of ·complicated legislation affecting general policies.

Now, everyone knows that public-land legislation is very in­volved. There are a .great many public-land laws that only a very limited numbet· of men in this House are familiar with. I submit in all candor-and I submit it not as a critic, but as one friendly to the West-that gentlemen from that section ought not to ask of the House constant consideration on the Unanimous Consent Calendar of bills involving detailed consid­eration of public-land laws, either from the Committee on Public Lan<ls or any other committee.

Now, i do not claim infallibility. I have made objections when I felt it my duty to make them, and I shall do it in the future, undeterred by the scoldings of anybody or the threats of anybody. All I can say is that, as a general rule, this calendar should not be used to deal with matters of a general nature.

l\1r. CRAMTON. :Mr: Speaker, I think the distinction the gentleman now makes is a much different one, and one on which we can better agree, that a bill of ·a complicated and involved nature should not be considered,-not that any bill of a general nature should not be considered.

1\fr. 1\fONDELL. Reserving the right to object, 1\fr. Speaker, I think the difficulty in regard to the bill introduced by the gentleman from Colorado [Mr. TAYLOR] grew out of the fact of a misunderstanding of its nature, character, and scope. The gentleman from Ken tuch."Y [1\ir. SHERLEY] very properly, I think, suggeste<l tlwt general legislation of a very complicated

nature, difficult of un<lerstanding by those not familiar with the subject matter, should not be taken up and (.li posed of by unanimous consent. This is not that kin<l of a bill. It is an exceedingly simple bill, and it is quite limited in its application.

Under the Carey Act, which is a law authorizing the States under certain cgnditions to reclaim desert land , the States have in certain instances attempted to do that; in some cases the attempts have not been successful. Settlers, however, had gone upon the land, expecting to have it reclaimed. Now, it so happens that the Interior Department holds that in a case of that kind the settler who has gone· upon the land, without regard to the ~ength of his residence there or the character or value of the improvements, does not have the preferential right of entry under the homestead law which the same citizen would have bad he settled anywhere else on the public do­main except on public lands within the Carey Act.

1\fy own opinion is that the department should not so hold, but it does. Those men are clearly settlers upon the public domain, in good faith, for the purpose of making and securing a home, and this bill only grants such persons a preference right to make a homestead entry on the lands which they have settled upon under the Carey Act. It is very limited in its effect. It is very conservative in its provisions. It is too conser\ative, as a matter of fact, and it will only help in comparatively few cases. It should give a preference right without regard to homestead qualification.

I hope the gentleman from Kentucky [1\Ir. SHERLEY] will withdraw his objection, because none of the suggestions that he has made as to the class of legislation that should not be considered under unanimous consent applies to this bill.

Mr. SAUNDERS of Virginia. l\fr. Speaker, I demand the regular order.

The SPEAKER. The regular order is, Is there objection to the consideration of the bill?

1\Ir. TAYLOR of Colorado. I object. Mr. WEBB. 1\Ir. Speaker, will the gentleman withhold his

objection for a moment? Mr. TAYLOR of Colorado. Yes. 1\Ir. WEBB. I want to state, Mr. Speaker, that this ·bill is

recommended by the President of the United States as a war emergency bill. It was so recommended last December in his annual message, and it was recommended by the Attorney Gen­eral, and it is very urgent legislation, because it enables the Gov­ernment to take care of female alien enemies as well as male enemies. The present statute-Four thousand and sixty-sev­enth Revised Statutes-is confined to persons Leing males over 14 years . of age. 'Ve strike out the word" males" and make the statute include women among the alien enemie of the country. If the gentleman wants to object to this kind of important mat­ter to our eountry be is at perfect liberty to do so.

The SPEAKER. Is there objection? There was no objection. The SPEAKER. The Clerk will read the bill. The Clerk read as follows : Be it enacted, etc., That section 4067 of the Revised Statutes be, and

the same is hereby, amended so as to read as follows : "SEc. 4067. Whenever there is declared 'a war between the United

States and any foreign nation or government, or any invasion or preda­tory incursion 1s perpetrated, attempted, or threatened again t the terri­tory of the United States by any foreign nation or government, and the President makes public proclamation of the event, all natives, citizens, denizens, or subjects of the hostile nation or government, being of the age of 14 years and upward, who shall be within the United States and not actually naturalized, shall be liable to be apprehended, l'estralned, secured, and removed as alien enemies. The Pre ident is authorized. in any such event1 by his proclamation thereof, or other public act. to direct the conduct to be observed, on the part of the United States, toward the aliens who become so liable; the manner and degree of the restraint to which they shall be subject and in what cases, and upon what security their residence shall be permitted, and to provide fGr the removal of those who, not being permitted to re ide within the United States, r~use or neglect to depart therefrom ; and to establish any other regulations which are found necessary in the premises and for the public safety."

Mr. STAFFORD. 1\fr. Speaker, I move to strike o.ut the last word.

').'be SPEAKER. The gentleman fr<?m Wisconsin moves to strike out the last word.

lUr. STAFFORD. While the bill as reported is in exactly the same language as the existing law, with the exception of eliminating the word "male," I wish to inquire of tbe chair­man of the committee whether the language in the first line of the section is not rather awkward-" Whenever there is de­clared a war"?

Mr. WEBB. Yes, it is awkward; but that is the w.ey we find it in the Revised Statutes.

1\Ir. STAFFORD. Yes; but while we are amending the law, why not use proper language-" Whenever a war is declared "?

1!318. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3009 Mr. WEBB. I agtee with the gentleman entirely; but we

belieYed we would not trouble the language of the statute, which is hoary with age, passed in 1791.

:Mr. STAFFORD. Well, if the Committee on the Judiciary is wedded to the cobwebs of the past and to the language of a century ago, I am nof going to interpose any suggestion of a change in making the language modern, and therefore I with­draw the pro forma amendment.

The SPEAKER. The pro forma amendment is withdrawn. The question is on the engrossment and third reading of the bill.

The bill was ordered to be engrossed and read a third time-, was re-ad the third time, and passed.

On motion of Mr. ·WEBB, a motion to reconsider the vote whereby the bill was passed w_as laid on the table.

FREE SURVEY OF HOMESTEAD IN ALASKA.

The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the next one. The next business on the Calendar for Unanimous Consent

was the bill (H. R. 8563) to amend the homestead law in its application to Alaska, and for other purposes.

The title of the bill was read. Mr. SULZER. Mr. Speaker, this bill seeks to extentl a

certain measure of assistance and relief to certain deserving and worthy homesteaders in the Territory of Alaska by extending to them the privilege of free surveys of their homesteads where the public land surveys have not been extended over them.

The legislation here contemplated has been recommended by various officials of the Government for a number of years. It has the approval of.--

1\fr. MADDEN rose. The SPEAKER. For what purpose does the gentleman from

Illinois rise? Mr. l\:1A.DDEN. I would like to know what the gentleman is

asking permission to do? 1\fr. SULZER. I ask that the bill be considered in the House

as in Committee of the Whole. 1\lr. MADDEN. The gentleman has not yet got consent to

· consider the bill at all. The SPEAKER. No. The Chair supposed that the gentle­

man thought it necessary to make a preliminary statement. 1.\lr. SULZER. I ask unanimous consent for the present con­

sideration of the bill, and that it be considered in the House as in Committee of the Whole.

The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present considera­tion of the bill?

'Mr. SHERLEY. Reserving the right to object, we want to find out something about it.

1\fr. FERRIS. Let the gentleman explain the bill. I think there will be no objection to it. It is a very inoffensive little bill. .

Mr. STAFFORD. Even though it comes from the Committee on the Public Lands. [Laughter.]

1\1r. FERRIS. Yes. The SPEAKER. Is there objection? Mr. RUCKER. Even if it does come from the Committee

on the Public Lands, I reserve the right to object. Mr. -SULZER: Mr. Speaker, this bill is purely of a local

character, and applies only to certain homesteaders in the Terri­tory of Alaska. As I was about to state, it has the approval and recommendation of the Secretary of the Interior, and the unanimous recommendation of the Committee on the Public Lands. The area of surveyed land in the Territory of Alaska is to the total area of that. Territory as the area of one-half of the State of Maryland is to the total area of the United States. Undoubtedly it will be many years before. the public-land sur­veys can be extended all over Alaska, whereas there are certain homesteads being located in various parts of the Territory wher­ever development is taking place and wherever markets are afforded. This bill is to provide relief for these_ homesteaders, who wHl not come under the public-land surveys without it. It is designed to extend to them the free public surveys upon application and proper showing that they have complied with the various requirements of the homestead laws.

Mr. MONDELL. Will the gentleman yield for a question? 1\fr. SULZER. I yield to the gentleman. - · Mr. l\10NDELL. Does this bill modify the pres~nt law, or

enact new law in any way, except in its provisions for a free survey?

1\Ir. SULZER. That is all. It simply modifies the present l~w lly adding a section, which is section 2 of this bill.

1\fr. l\10NDELL. Do you modify section 1 at all? 1\fr. SULZER. No, sir. Me. l\10ND:EJLL. Then, why is section 1 set out?

TNI ·· ·-:191

Mr. SULZER. It is simply a repetition. Mr. MONDELL. The gentleman is quite ~ertain that there

is no change in section 1 of the existing law? Mr. SULZER. I will read zyom the report of the Secretary

of the Interior, in which he says: · This bill amends the act of ;Tuly 8, 191G (39 Stat., 352), by the addi·

tion of a new section, which will be numbered section 2, pro.vidlng that if the system of public surveys has not been extended over the land included in a homestead entry, the entryman may, after compliance with the terms of the homestead law, submit proof thereof to the register and receiver, who thereupon, if satisfied with the showing, will so advise the surveyor general of the Territory, this officer to then take the necessary steps for the survey of the homestead at the expense of the Government.

Mr. 1\fONDELL. But does the gentleman know, as a matter of fact, that section 1 as set out in the bill is section 1 of the present law, which is sought to be amended by the addition of a section?

Mr. SULZER. This was copied from the present law. Mr. STAFFORD. \Vill the gentleman yield? Mr. SULZ~R. I yield to the gentleman from Wisconsin. Mr. STAFFORD. I assume that the framer of the bill, in­

stead of drafting it so as to provide for an additional section which is included in section 2, framed it., in this form because section 3 is part of the existing law, which is now section 2, and therefore the drafters of the bill wished to have the whole la\v presented for consideration in one measure?

_Mr. SULZER. I will state to the gentleman that the bill was drafted by the Interior Department.

The SPE_\.KER. Is there objection? Mr. SHERLEY. Still reserving the right to object, I have

been trying to read this report and listen to the gentleman at the same time, but I have missed a good deal of what the gen­tleman stated. I would be obliged to the gentleman if he would repeat what he has already said so that I may know what the single effect of this bill is.

Mr. SULZER. I will state to the gentleman that there is a very small area of the public land o.:: Alaska that has been sur­veyed.

Mr. SHERLEY. I understand that. Mr. SULZER. There are certain areas -:.hat probably will

not be surveyed. for a great many years, for instance, along the coast. It is a very mountainous c&untry but there are certain small areas at t~e mouths of streams, or in pockets in the moun­tains, that are suitable for homesteading, and where home­steads have been located, and it is designed to 'enable these people to have the same privilege as those who come under the public-land surveys; that is, that the Surveyor General can au­thorize a survey of their homesteads free upon application and proper showing to be made that they have complied with the homestead laws. That can be done very much more cheaply than the individual homesteader can have his homestead sur­veyed, because it can be done in groups.

Mr. SHERLEY. 'Vhat you mean is to take the expense off the back of the homesteader and put it on the Government.

Mr. SULZER. That is it precisely. 1\lr. SHERLEY. Why? Mr. SULZER. Because they are a very deserving class of

people. · 1\fr. SHERLEY. I understand; and the Government is occa­

sionally deserving, and is at present struggling under very diffi­cult circumstances to get money enough to keep itself from going bankrupt. - -

l\Ir. SULZER. '.rhis will involve a very small expense to the Government; as a matter of fact it '\vill not make any more expense to the Government because when the homesteader bas his homestead surveyed the Government has to go and check that up and that means a resurvey, and the work unde-r the present conditions is done twice which puts the homesteaders to great expense unnecessarily.

Mr. SHERLEY. Do you require the Government to -survey th~~~? .

Mr. SULZER. It is at the Government's discretion upo·n the application of the homesteader who is required to make a proper showing.

Mr. SHERLEY. You propose to let the homesteader go on the land and establish a homestead right prior to a survey being made. .

1\1r. FERRIS. That al~ays bas been permitted in the States. 1\ir. SH1~~RLEY. It depends upon what you mean by " right."

He may est.ablish a claim b~t not establish a right: 'Mr. JUUL. There could not-be any settlement on the land

without a survey. . The SPEAKER. Is there objection? 1\Ir. SHERLEY. l\fr. Speaker, I u.m not trying to delay the

House, but I can not determine these matters offhand.

.'

3010 CONGRESSiONAL R.ECORD-- HOUS]J. MARcin 4,

M'r. l\lltDDEN. In order to expedite matters, 1\Ir. Speaker, I ohject. I do not think the Government ought to be compelled to pay the e~p~nses of these surveys. EXCLUSION 011' SUBJECTS -OF AUSTRIA-HUNGABY AND OERliA.NY. FROM

ALIEN ENEMY ACT.

· The next bul'iness on the Calenrlar for Unanimous Consf'nt was the bill (H. R. 9159) to authorize the President of the United ~b1tes to exclude <'ertain subjects of ,Austria-Hungary and Germany from the classification of alien enemies antl to naturalife certain members of the Army, Navy, ancl Marine Corps.

The SPEAKER. Is there objection? 1\Jr. STA.FFOitD. Heserving the right to object, Ml'. Speaker,

tJ'lis i n mo. t important bill It is rather involvetl In some of its provi !';ions ancl would require some time to consider lt. If it is conRich•t·ed I hope the gentleman from Virginia will be rather lihernl in the time allowed for its consideration.

Mr. FLOOD. I have no objection to any reasonable debate on the hill. It i~ nn important measure. The most important fea­tures of tl~ e hill are those which authorize the naturafizntion of men in our Army, Na.vy, and Marine Corps who are subjects of our enemi~.

1\lr. STAFFORD. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. FLOOD. I will. Mr. STAFli'OHD. I have bad difficulty-! may be obtu!lle-­

in a~certaining the purpose of the committee tn the phraseology of the last parugrnph of section 2, foun<.l on page 3. It is a~:~ follows: ·

And e:tcPpt as bE'Teinat'ter l'q)f'cffl<'d In this net, the mE'thod berP1n provldPd for a cquiring dtiz+>oship shall apply to alJ aliens bPrPinbPforP dPscrlb{'(l, whethf' r or not they arl' natives, citizen , subJects, or dPnl.zens of a country, fl.tntE',. or soverE'fgnty with which the United 8tatl's I!: at war: Pro ,·ided. Thst thry at·e not othet·wis~> inf'ligible to b ecome citizens of the l"nitPd tatPs under the naturalization laws now in rorce.

My .specific question is as to whom that phraseology pertains­that" the method herein provided for acquiring citizenship shall apply to nil ::tliPns her<:>iuhefore described." Is lt limited merelv to the men of alien birth who are serving in the Army, Navy, nn(l l\Iarine ·Corps, or is it more general in its cope and extentls to tile eta. s of nlie.Il:;; enumernted in t11e first section of the bill?

l\1r. FLOOD. It only e:rtends to aliens serving in the Army, Navy, and l\Inrine Corps. ..

1\tr. STAFrORD. But th~ language expre!;sly stnte.c; othe·­wise. You have alreaiy in prior lr.nguage authorizert oliens erving in the Army Itnd Navy to avail them lves of (•itizenship

by app!:dn~ to the distrirt conrt and showing that they have been r~hlents of the United States one year, and now you 60 on in tl1i~ J!en{>ral language and provide:

And, exC<'pt aR ht·rPlna fter Rpt-dfied in this act, the method herein provide~ for acquiring citizenship shall apply- -

'ro whom? to all aUens hereinbefore described.

They are found In tb:! first section. They nre: Alsatians. Bohemians, Croatians, Hungarians, Italla:n.S. Jf'WS Lithu­

anians. Loraniaos, Moravians. Poles, Roumanians, RuthPnians: S~rbs, Slovaks, 8JovenE'S, and other natlv1:'8, subjeets or denizens of Au. tria­Hungary or Germany, or any Individual or class thPreof from the classilkatlon of allen enemies, v·hprever Ruch classification now exists by reason of any act of Congress of the United States.

'Vhy does not the ~eneral language to which I have direc..11y referred reln te to a Hens I ~reinbefore described · in ~section 1?

l\11'. FLOOD. The intention of the c:ommittee was to restrict that to the aliens descr1bed in section 2.

l\lr. STAFFORD. If that was the intention of the committee, what IL the neces. ity of mah'ing any reference whatever to them 1n the lnnguarre referred t1 in the last paragraph? They huve ah·eady been taken care of by the ill1·ect provision in sec­tion 2.

l\ir. SABATH. If I mny be permitted. I may he able to explain this provision ;'l the gentleman from Wisconsin. It has reference to those who can not under present n!lturclization laws be nnturulized, namely, the Japanese ancl suc-h other people. Thnt is ,,·bat was intended. As to the fir~t section. I wish to say to the gentleman that it has been agreed on the part of the chairman ..ef the committee to strike out the fir~t section, nnd then we wlll have only section 2; so thut the obje<:tion that the gentleman from Wisconsin bas raised to that wording will not apply, because section 1, as· I understand, will go out. ·

1\ir. COOPER of Wisconsin. 1\Ir .• Spenke-r-1\lr. STAFF(?HD. I will yield to my colleague. Mr. COOPEH of Wisconsin. Mr. Speaker, I think I ean ex­

plnin to tlw satisfaction of my colleague from Wisconsin the proviRion he is <lis<·nssing. Tlw language is:

And E'X<·ept as hereinafter specified In tbfs act tlle method bE'reln provitlf'd for aequiring citizE'nshlp shall apply to all aliens hereinbefore descrll>ed, whether Ol' not they are natives, citizens, subjects, or deni·

~ens of a .country, Stnte, or sovereignty w1tb wblch tlle Unit ed States ~~.at war. Pro nded, That they are not otherw1se lnPII'{i,ble to bPcome ~~~cz:ns ot the United States under the naturalization laws now 1n

My colleague will ob!':erve In tin~ 5 and 6 the provision ls thnt it shall apply to all aliens, whether they are citizens of a eountry with which we are now at war or not. The fir t part of ~he bill al'lt:Jlies to aliens who are citizens of a country with wl11cb the Umted States is at war. bnt there may he aliens 1n our Arl!ly who a!·e citizens of a neutral country. For iwtance, the~ m1~ht be. citizens of Hollaml, of Norway, of Sweden, of Spnm. of Braztl. or any othe.I: country ln South America or Cf'n­tJ:at Ameri~~· That lan:runge w<_>uld cover them. becnu~e they "oulcl be Citizens of n country with which the Unitell States is not at war; }ut, ?!lr. Speaker, re<·urring to the first part of that dause. and except as hereinafte•· speeified ln this act" and comin(J' down to section 3 we find thts language: '

That applicntiou for ~a~raUzati~m tn thE' mt?dP hE'rC?ln provid l'd shall not b~ opPll to natives, CltizPn .·, suhJE'<'ts, or dPn1zens of Austrm-Uungary or Germany, xr<'pt U C'h indlv'duals antl clas~H-'S as may be exempted by the Presid<'!Jt under the provisions of section 1 or this act.

The first clas~ to which my coll~ague rPferre<l covers all aliens who are citizens of a country with which we are at war who are tn our Army, and also aliens who are citizens of neutral ('ountrie. who are in our armies, and the next section excludes thos e who can not be nnturulized.

l\lr. FLOOD. l\h·. Hpeaker, I want to say to the ~entlemnn from w· consin [l\1r. STAFFORD] there may be something in the sugge tion be makes. I think probably there Is. If it is an error, I think tha t it ~rew out of the fact that this bill was l:ll'gely amen ed after it was intro<luced. Section 2 was t nken from one bill nnd section 1 was taken from another bill. I have been r~quested by the Department of Ju.~·ce, for very gooll reasons. to strike out the first an<l third se<·ti .. ms. If that is done, the gentlf'num will ee that the lungna~e to whidl lte called attention is v ry proper -in the biU with reference to"' section 2 _and the rest of it.

l\lr. MADDF.u!. Sections 3 and 1 will go out? Mr. FLOOD. Yes. Mr. STAFFORD.' The gentlemnn w'll n~ee thnt if ction 1

should remain the general langua~e in section 2 woultl apply to :til tho e aliens r«:>ferred to in SPction L

1\Ir. Fl..OOD. It wuulll, seem so. Ml'. STAFFOnD. I can readily un{ferstand t;he error the

committee ~ot into by reason of framing this composit ulll from tliffel'ent measures. Of course. if it is the purpo~e to strike out section 1 everything in section 2. will be intelligible.

Mr. l\lADDEN. And ection 3 will have to go out al so. 1\Ir. \V ALSH. , Mr. Speaker, will the gentltmun yield? Mr. FLOOD. Yes. l\1r. WALSH. How <loes t11e gentleman contend that thiR hill

comes within the 1-ule lnid down in se<·tion 8 of the Confltitutiou requiring uniform I-ules of naturalization to be proviued. throughout the United States?

Mr. FLOOD. ~.rhis is uniform. This applies only- to men wllo are in war and men wllo h::lve rendered special servieffi. L has bf'€n held that !':uch legislation does not Vi{)late the provision requiring uniformity. -

Mr. WALSH. It ls not uniform with those not in the war. It gin's a certain class certain privileges witll refer~nce to naturalization.

Mr. MILLER of 1\Iinne~mta~ But the rule of uniformitv bas reference to ·the law. of the valious s•ates of the Untte<l s'tntes.

Mr. WALSH.· I ubmit it 'loes not do anytllin~ of the kind. Un<ler the Snprere Court decisions you can not set up certain classe and MY that gentlemen from Eugluml can come in h re anu be naturalized ·under certain con<litions. and that gentle­men f1·om Italy can come in and be naturalized under certain other contliti•JUS.

Mr. MILLER of Mine otn. '11mt .is not wllnt we say. Mr. WALSH. But yon are settintt up classes. , Mr. MILLEH. of Minnesota. Oh, no; we imply say tl1at any

man who serves in the armies. of the Uniteu States unuer cer­tain conditions may be naturalized.

:Mr. DYER. As he ou;:rht ' to be. l\fr. MTLLER of .l\linn ota_ As he ougbt to be. The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. FosTER). Is U1erc objec-

tion? · 1\fr. CAMPBELL of Kan~as. 1\Ir. Speaker, reserving the right

to object, this is a vE>ry importnnt mea. ure nml ~houlU be care­fully considered. The' e- se<:·tions 1 and 3 are to be stricken out. I think it is due to the House that tt has an opportunity to consider the measm·e. and I suggest to the gE'ntleroun from Vir­ginia that be pas~ the matter over until we- rench the close of the--Calendar for Unanimous Con ent and tnke it up nt thut time.

1918 . . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3011 l\1r. MILLER of Minnesota. 1\Ir. Speaker, I trust the gentle-

man will not insist upon that. 1\Ir. DYER. I hope the gentleman will not ask that. Mr. SABATH. Will the gentleman yield for a moment? 1\Ir. CAMPBELL of Kansas. _, Yes. · This is an important

measure. · The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection? 1\fr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. I simply suggest that the bill be

passed over until the Calendar for Unanimous Consent has been concluded, and that we take. it up then as the last bill on the calendar to-day. _

1\Ir. FLOOD. 1\Ir. Speaker, I agree with the gentleman that it is an important measure. It involves the well-being if not the retaining in our armies of probably 75,000 splendid sol­diers and drawing to our standard many others whom we are in duty bound to protect as far as we can when they go abroad and meet the soldiers of the Governments to which they owe some sort of allegiance now. I am willing to accept the gentle-man s suggestion if we can-- .

Mr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. We can let tile bill go oy-er until the calemlal· is completed and then take it up.

Mr. 1\IONDELL. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to ob­ject--

1\Ir. MADDEN. 1\Ir. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the bill be taken uo at 4 o'clock.

The SPEAKER-pro tempore. Is there objection? Mr. ST~~FORD. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to object,

I think that is a very bad practice, and I shall have to object to setting any definite time.

The SPEAKER pro tempore. The g.entleman from Wiscon­sin objects.

Mr. MONDELL. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman from Vir­ginia yield?

Mr. FLOOD. Yes. .Mr. MONDELL. Does the gentleman know whether or not

there is now in force an order issued by the Secretary of War to the effect that no native of Germany or of any of the terri­tory within the German Empire, though he m:;ty now be a citizen of the United States, shall be given a commission in the Army?

l\11·. FLOOD. I do not. Mr. MONDELL. Unless I am very much mistaken, there is

such an order; and if there is an Qrder of that sort, how much good does section 2 do the Government, anyway? I have a con­stituent, born in Schleswig-Holstein of Danish parents, who came to America as a very young child, served 12 years in the Regular Army, a fine soldier, who has passed several examina­tions and stood high, and was refused a commission on the ground of an order issued by the Secretary of War to the effect that no native of any of the territory within the German Empire or Austria-~ungary, I presume, may receive a com­mission. Now, . that is the word I received directly from the :War Department, as I understand it.

Mr. MILLER of Minnesota. How recently is that order sup­posed to be issued?

Mr. MONDELL~ I do not know; but I do know tilis young man-very capable, very efficient, very anxious to serve his Government..:._was refused a commission after haviri.g passed a number of examinations splendidly and having all sorts of favorable recommendations from people who have known him for years because, as he understands it, he was born in Germany, thDugh of Danish parents.

Mr. FLOOD. It must be a recent order. Mr. MILLER of Minnesota. There must be a mistake­Mr. FLOOD. I know of cases where they have gotten com-

missions. Mr. MONDELL. That must have occurred, I assume or this

legislation would not be here. ' Mr. HA.l'rfLIN. Mr. Speaker, I do not object to considering­

this measure, but I do object to having it considered in this manner·, and I therefore ask for the regular order.

Tile SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. FosTER). The re!mlar order is, is there objection to this .bill. [After a pause.] e.The Chair hears none. The Clerk will report the bill.

The Clerk read as follows: A bill (H. R. 9159) to authorize the President of the United States to

exclud~ c~rtam subjects ot Austria-Hungary and Germany from tho classification of alien enemies and to naturalize certain members of the Army, Navy, anu Marine Corps. B e it enacted, etc. That the President of the United States be and

he is hereby, authorized and empowered by proclamation or othe~wise to exclude Alsatians Bohemians, Croatians, Hungarians Italians Jews Lithuanians, Loranlans. Moravians, Poles, Roumanians Rutheruans' Serbs, Slovaks, Slovenes, and other natives, subjects or denizens of Austria-Hungary or Germany, or any individual or class thereof from the classification· of alien enemies, wherever such classification ·now ~xists by reason of any act of Congress of the United States: ProVided,

howe,;er, Tbat su·ch· exclusion shall not apply to any individual who claims exemptic•n from the military service of the United States under the selective-draft act of May 18, 1917, OQ the ground of alienage.

SEc. 2. That dming the present war any alien· now or hereafter in the !'ervice of the United States as a member of the Army,, Navy, or Manne Corps, who has an honoraole recortl in such service, may while in such service be admitted to become a citizen of the United States upon his petition filed in any district court of the United States, the United States district courts for the Terriories of Ilawaii or Alaskaz the Un1ted States district court for l'orto Rico. the 8upreme Court or the District of Columbia, or a court of record of any of the States hav­ing a common-law jurisdiction and a seal and a clerk, whether or not any such alien be a resident of the State, Territory, or District in which the application is made; tlie court before admitting -such alien to citi­zenship shall require oral or documentary proofs. by witnesses under oath or by affidavits. that he is of good moral character and loyal to the United States, but shall not require him to prove more than one year·s r esidence in the United States previous to filing such petition and shall also require him to make the oath of allegiance to the United States as now prescribed under the law relating to naturalization. And except as hereinafter specified in this act, the method herein provided for acquiring citizenship shall apply to all aliens hereinbefore de­scribed, whether or not they are natives, citizens, subjects, or oenizens of a country, State, or sovereignty with which the United States is at war : Pro-,;ided, That they are not otherwise ineligible to become citizens of the United States under the naturalization laws now in force.

8Ec. 3. That application for naturalization in the mode .D..e.rein pro­vided shall not be open to natives. citizens, subjects, or denizens of Austria-Hungary or Germany, except such individuals and classes as ~~; :cet.exempted by the President under the pr(4visions of section 1 of

SEc. 4. That the President of the United States is hereby authorized to make and promulgate such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this Ret, whether or not such regulations conform to the procedure now existing.

SEc. 5. That certificates of citizenship obtained In the mode pro­vided in this act shall be subject to . cancellation in any district court of the United States upon proof that the person so naturalized has beru;t guilty of mutiny, sedition, desertion, or of committing a felony agamst the criminal laws of the United States, or of committing a cr~me which, according to the laws of the place where it was · com­nntted, is punishable by death or imprisonment for a term exceeding one year in a penitentiary. or that he has been dishonorably discharged ~rom the.military or naval service of the United States. The procedure m the district court of the United States for such cancellation shall follow the procedure described in· the act of June 29, 1906 ( ch. 3592, sec. 15). and shall be in addition to modes of cancellation and of expatriation provided by all statutes now in force. .

SEc. 6. That the provisions of this act f!hall remain in force and effect during the continuance of the present war, and all laws or parts of laws in conflict with the provisions of this act are hereby suspended during the continuance of the present war. ·

During the reading of the bill, Mr. FLOOD. 1\Ir. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to go

back a little, and I want to move to strike out--Mr. WALSH. The bill has not been read yet. The SPEAKER-pro tempore. The bill is being read under the

five-minute rule. l\fr. STAFFORD. This is a House bill, and at the conclusion

o~ the reading of the bill the gentleman from Virginia has a nght-to offer an amendment or to move the previous question on the passage of the bill. _

The Clerk proceeded with and concluded the readino- of the bilL e.

Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, I move to strike out all of the first section after the enacting clause.

Tile SPEAKER pro tempore. The r Clerk will report the amendment.

The Clerk re~d as follows: Strike out all of section 1 after tbe enacting clause.

1\fr. COOPER of Wisconsin. Mr. Speaker, I would like to ask the cllairman to explain just why it is necessary to strike out that first section. ·

1\fr. FLOOD. I am making this motion, Mr. Speaker, in defer­ence to a request of the Attorney General, · supplemented by a request of the State Department. The reasons given for want­ing this section str~cken out were that there was no necessity now for it, the liberal terms of the proclamation of the Presi­dent in reference to subjects of Austria-Hungary satisfying those most interested in this section that the President by his proclamation could serve the same purpose as the enactment of this law. Then, the Department of Justice feared that if the President should exclude any one of _the races named in the bill from the classification of alien enemies he ·would automatic­ally lose power to intern dangerous members of that particular race, and evildoers or dangerous persons of that particular race could therefore be reached only by the ordinary course of judi­cial process. Exemption by him of one of these races would result also in releasing from the· war pris-on camps any members of that particular race who have already been interned.

Again, to confer upon the President this discretion would make him the center of a strong agitation on the part of members of each of the races mentioned in the bill, requesting that he ex­empt members of that particular race from tlie classification of alien enemies. This fact would foment great discontent, particu-

• 3012 CONGRESSION JtL-RECORD-HOUSE. MARCil 4·,

Jarly if he shoulU., after consideration, exempt part of the- races and not the re. t.

The chief object of this measure is to protect the members of tile (] i fl'eren r cln. ses or races wllo have volunteered or have been willingly (]rnftell into our Army. There are quite a number of them. GPn. CrmY<lel" stated before tlre committee when we were con idcring this bill that there were nearly 1~.000 subjects of Aus: ria ·Hun~ary alone-Bohemian , Slovaks, Slovenes, Ital­ians. mHl otllPrs-who haYe been drafted into the Army and many thou. amls " ·ho b a Ye yolunteered to go into the Army. There are probublv 15.000 sul>jecrs of Austrin-HU.J.lgary and Germany in otlr Army, N1:n·y, and Marine Corps to-<luy and who wi.ll soon be :;;ent abroad to face tlte armies of the goYernments to whicn they belonged in the pa t and which still claim their allegiance. 'I iH~se soluie r·s woul<.l be treated, if captnreu. as traitors and sllot n.s Ruch. The chief desire of those who advocateu this mea ure was to gi\e whnt 11rotection. we could to tho. e people ami put us in tbe po!=!it ion of insi.' ting that the rules of war should be applieu to them just as they are to our other so1<liers.

l\lr. ItA~ILIX ' ·m the gentleman yield right there? 1\Ir. l•~LOOD. I wi11. 111r. HAMLIX I am in entire sympathy_ with the suggestion

a.n<l the purpo. e of thl matter, but has the gentleman any as­surance tha t the othE>r nations, Germany, for instauc>e, would rE'co~ni:r.e the citizenship of these people after we bad them naturali7.ed and not treat them as deserters. as the gentleman say. they would be. and corre~tly, under existing con<litions?

l\lr. FLOOD. None in the world. We haYe no U.."isurnnce tn tl1e world thnt they \Yould recognize thL I believe Au!l:tria­Hung-ary duo > not recognize extradition now, hut ~ belit-ve that by the prn('tke of rept·isal we could force these .countries to recm~nize thi dti~enship.

Mr. HAI\ILI~. That is e..~ctly what I had in mind. 1\lr. FLOOD. This Is all we can do. 111r. HAl\ILIN. And Yery likely it would not be any protec­

. tlon to the."e people if we granted it. l\lr. FLOOD. It Is nll the protection we cnn give; it is the

vpn· be. t we can do for them. an<l it may not amount to vt-ry mnclt, yet it is the vet·y best protection tbls Government cnn givP to them, and that is what we are trying to uo by this bill.

1\tr. l\1ILLEH of Minnesota. Would not it amount really to a great deal? If the. e men of whom the gentleman speaks are citizens of the United States and are captured . by Austria, for in~tance, an<l are not treated by her as prisoners of war, citi­zens of a belligerent c-ountry witb which Austria is at war, then retaliation i~ al.wnys in order in war.

Mr. FLOOD. Ye . Mr. l\IILLER of Minnesota. We liave in our possession Aus­

trian sol<.lie•· , German soluiers, and we would mete out to them exactly what they meted out to these mPn, and they would tlmp it rni~hty quick. That i>i the -only way to stop the central powers.

1\lr. HAMLIN. We should do it even if these boys are . not naturalized if they are loyal enough to fight i.n .our Army.

.Mr. l\HLLEH of 1\linne~ota. We could not a.t this time grant anything hut naturalization.

l\!r. HAMLIN. I am in- favor of naturalization; I think they ought to be naturalized. I was asking lf the measure was in foree would it be any protection to them?

1\Ir. FLOOD. None. except the question of retaliation and reprisal. I want to say to the gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. Coo PEn J thu t tho~e are the reasons why the Attorney General requested that thE> btll be amended.

The rea . on the Committee on Foreign Affairs was very much weii<INl to section 1 was on account of the moral ~ffect we thought at that time it would. have on the subjects of Aul'tro­l:Iun~ary. I do not believe anything we can do now will huve any great effect upon those who ar not hostile to that Govern­ment, at any rate. and the iruportance of that section does not seem to me as brent now as it was a month ago.

1\lr. COOPEH of Wisconsin. During ,the consideration of the bill it was my impreRsion that section 1 was looked on as the important section of it. ·

~Ir. FLO< )0. I belieYe it was t11en. But the important thing now, .it seems to me, ls to give what protection we can to these 75.000 meu who h:we volunteered to go into our service and take upon tht-msel ves the risk that sel'\Tice will entail upon them.

Mr. W ALHH. Will the gentleman yield? 1\lr. FLOOD. I yield. . l\fr. WALSH. lVb.at do the bri11iant legal experts of the

State Department, to whom ·tho gentlemun referred the other day, think of this mt-n.sure?

1\lr. FU lOll. I ~an not hear the g ntleman. Mr. \V ALSH. I ask the gentleman what the brilliant legnJ

experts of the State Department, as he termed them the other day, have to say in reference to this measure?

l\Ir. FLOOD. They are very much in favor of it. ?!Ir. WALSH. Where uo they say so? 1\Ir. FLOOD. Whnt? Mt. WALSH. Where in the rep01·t <lo they say so? l\1r. FLOOD. They do not say o in the report. They snid so

in the hearings. The Acting Secretary of State, Mr. Polk, ap­peared at tl1e bearings anti so stated, and he subsequently wrote me a letter, which I have here, in which he withdra\VS his sup­port of section 1, b\lt not to the rest of the bill.

l\lr. WALSH. Anu renews it to the other sections of the bill? Mr. FLOOD. He withdraws· his support only to section 1.

Here is the letter : THE COUNSELOR FOR ~E DEPARTMEN'l' OF STATE, •

The Hon. HENRY D. FLOOD, Washington, Feliruary 9, 1918.

House of R epre.9entatives. DEAn :Mn. Fl.ooo: ThP Attorney GenPTol·bas called my nttentlon to the

faC't that the bill In <.:ongn•ss. H. R. !:1159, whlc·h relates in part to the­, ubjP<'t of naturalizing alien Pnt>miP in tbP military forces. bas a pro­vis ion in the first section C'Onfprring on the PresitlPnt the power to Pxelucle from the prt> PDt classifiC'ation of nlit:n enemiPs some 15 race • This feature. I unuer tand. is oppo etl by the War Depa1·tment antl the lJepartmPnt of .Justice, nntl thls d partment is in agrl:!t!ment with these other uepartments. .

I am taking the Uberty or writing you, ns I stated at the :hearing before your committee when this bill first ca me up, tbat I saw no ob­jPction to confPrring discretionary .powers on the Presiul'nt. 'l'bls was an otr-hand opinion. an•l I ~avl' It before l hau bad an opportunlt.v to rPild tbP oill. I think r also stated that this was a mattPr pt:>cullarly within the province or tbP. Attorney Gl'nerul, and the uepartment felt that his views on fbe ~<ubject t>houltl control.

With warm rcgnnls. yours, sincerely, 'FRAJ'\lt s. POLK.

Mr. WALSH. Will the gentlPman answer n question with reference to section ~ .. which has now, I under tan<l; bernme !':ection I? Js it intended to permit these men to file their petl· tions for naturalizntion in court. which do not now have juris· diction over naturalization matters?

1\lr. FLOOD. Ko. Mr. WALSH. It says here: That upon bis pE>tltion fill'd In anx (lfstrlct court of the United State$

or a court or reeord in any o! the ~tates hav1n~ 4 common-law Jurisulc-­tlon and a seal and a clerk.

Now, that would incln<le a great many· courts that do not no\V have naturalization juri diction in some States.

l\!r. 1\IILLEH. of l'olinne ota. I would like to have the gentle­man name any court having common-law jurL<ruiction that ls not now having juri. diction over nntur"Ulization ('Uses. _

Mr. FLOOD. That SPCtlon, I will say to the gentleman fl'OlU Massachusetts [1\Ir. W ALsti ), was drawn by a very distingul bed Harvard professor of international Law--

1\Ir. WALSH. That is the rea on I think we ought to scruti­nize it right closely.

1\Ir. FLOOD. I have not finished. Drawn by this Harvn_rd profes~or in conjunction with a district a~orney of the United States. und in explanation of that language, q.bout which the eommittee qupstioned them closely, they state<l that they '''ere sub tantially following the language of t11e existing statute.

1\Ir. WALSH. The naturalization law? l\fr. FLOOD. Yes. l\1r. MILLER of l\1innesota. I think the gentleman from

1\fas..c;;achu etts [1\Ir. WALSH] "'ill find that any court of to-day having common-law jurisdiction is competent to give naturali• zation.

l\Jr. HOGETIS. How about the police courts and the district com·ts of Massachusetts? I think they have common-law juris­diction?

1\lr. WALSH. They have n seal and have a clerk. Mr. 1\liLLER of ~linnesota. No police court in the world has

cowinun-law jurisdiction. They may exerci e it. Mr. FLOOD. That was the statement made. The draftsmen

of this section undertook to follow, us near as possible, the existing naturalization Jaws. They only chan~ed it where it was nece sary to give the. e privileges contained in this bill to the men to whom it appliecL

Mr. BURNETT. 'Vill the .gentleman yield? 1\tr. FLOOD. I yield to the gentleman from Alabama. Mr. BURNETT. Mr. Chairma~ \vben the bill was originally

drawn. as is stateu by the chairman of tbe committee and the gentleman from Wisconsin [1\lr. CooPER], the important section of lt was the first section. I think the chairman of the com­mittee-but if he did not, the gentleman from Wi. con in fl\11'. STAFFORD]-spoke to me about the second se('tiou; which is peculiarly within the province find juri uiction of the Committee on Immigration. And viewing as I did the fact that the fir!'t section was the im-portant section, I tated to those gentlemen that, so far a . I was concerned, we woulll make no point on that.

(t seems it has progre sed to .the point where the first ection should be stricken out, and the bill hav1n~ been report(>(] and gone that far, I still woultl make no objection to it. I think the statement ·of the gentleman, the chairman of the committee, 1s

1918. GONGRESSION AL RECORD-H01JSE. 3013 correct in regard to the naturalization law, that the language there used in regard to naturalization, as to the courts that may have jurisdiction, is the exact language of the general naturali­zation law. I examined it when the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. SABATH], who is a member of both our committee and the Committee on Foreign Affairs, called my attention to it, and I felt that it was in proper form for the adjudication of the courts of the country having jurisdiction in this matter, a.nd, so far as I was concerned, 1 could see no objection to that part of it. And the fact that the main part, or the head, has been sh·icken out will not cau e me to make any objection to the jurisdiction of the committee as to the other part.

Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, I ·will state that when section 2 and the other sections of this bill were being considered I real­ized the fact that the committee having jurisdiction was the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. I went to the gentleman from Alabama ·[l\1r. BURNETT] and told him that we were considering this matter. and he generously said that, in view of the importance of it and in view of the fact that we had the whole subject under consideration, he would be glad to have the Foreign Affairs Committee proceed with it and report·it. His statement now is the statement he made then.

Mr. BURNETT. Here is tlte language of the statute: The courts having a seal, a clerk, and jurisdi'ction in actions at law or

equity, or law and equity, ln which the amount in controversy is unlimited.

1\lr. SABATH. That is the present law. Mr. 'Y ALSH.. I could not bear the gentleman. JHr. BURNET'1.\ I think this conforms to the present general

law. l\1r. 'VALSH. 1\lr. Speaker, may I ask somebody to read that

section again? I could not hear the gentleman. 1\lr. BURNETT. I read : That exclusive jurisdiction to naturalize aliens as citizens of the

United l:Hat('s is hereby conferred upon the following specified courts: United l:;tates circuit and rlistrlct courts now existing or which may

hereafter be established by Congress in any State, United States dis­trict courts for the Territories of Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Hawaii, and Alaska, the Supreme Court of the Dlstrkt of Columbia, and the United l:ltates courts for the Indian Territory ; also all coul'ts of record in any State or Territory now existing, or which may he1·eafter be created, having a seal, a clerk, and jurisdiction in actions at law or equity, or law and equity, in which the amount in controversy is un­limited.

That is the language covering the jurisdiction of the courts under the general law.

Mr. MILLEU of Mi.nnesota. And the language in the pro-posed act is really more restrictiYe than that?

l\1r. BURNETT. Yes. Mr. FLOOD. We undertook to make it conform to that. 1\11~. ROGERS. The suggestion is made that the law may be

too narrow. l\1y inquiry is as to whether it is not too narrow in another respect. A great many of our soldiers are going to be abroad in France. They are not going to be able to take advantage of this law in its present form, becauss this permits them to acquire citizenship only before a court within the territory of the United States. Would the gentleman think it practicable to allow the consul general to France or some other officer of the United States to bestow .citizen­ship on our soldiers while they are in France, while they may be especially anxious to take advantage of it?

Mr. FLOOD. I think this goes far enough. We were in­formed that the purpo e of the War Department was, as soon as this became a law, to get these judges to go into the camps and hold cou'rt and facilitate the naturalization in every way. But that was some time ago, probably two months ago, and' many of these aliens may now have gone abroad . • Mr. ROGEUS. Tile judges would not go abroad?

Mr. FLOOD. No; they would not go abroad, but would give opportunity to the soldiers in the camps and cantonments here.

Mr. ROGERS. The soldiers will be going abroad every month. Many of them not now are eligible, but they will oecome eligible later. We recently passed a repatriation statute somewhat analogous to this and applying to men who enlisted in tbe armies ·of the allies. '!'hey can go before the consular officers in France. Would there be any objection to following that analogy here? I would like the gentleman to answer my question.

1\lr. FESS. 1\fr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. FLOOD. Yes. 1\Ir. FESS. It is not likely that any of these soidie1·s who

are not citizens .who are now in camp will be sent to a foreign field until this limitation is removed?

l\1r. FLOOD. JUy understanding is that if this bill passes in I'easonable time an opportunity will be given to all these sol­diers to becom~ citizens before they go abroad. That is, those who will not already have, sailed.

:Mr. FESS. It is not possible that our Government will send these soldiers abroad until this disability is removed?

Mr. FLOOD. I think most of them will be held here until they have opportunity to be naturalized.

l\1r. HUDDLESTON. I understand that all of those not naturalized have been returned to the United Stutes. I under· stand they have been weeded out abroad and haYe been sent back here.

1\Ir. FESS. That is to prevent embarrassment. Now, the gentleman will recall that when Paderewski w·as before our committee his idea of naming these particular classes was that it would be psychological, and it would crentc a \ery important situation on the part of those over there under the Government who were still suffering, although their sympathy was with us. That is why it was put in. It was purely psychological.

Mr. FLOOD. Yes. . Mr. ROBBINS. Is not this bill drawn to cover the very per­

sons cited by the gentleman from Ohio? It says a petition may be filed in any district and proved by affida\it. I understand it is broad enough in the provision to permit an alien soldier to file his affidavit, and it would cover the case that has been raised. of an absent soldier taking out p!lpers.

1\fr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. 1\lr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield?

1\lr. FLOOD. Yes; I yield. . l\!r . . CA.l\1PBELL of Kansas. If the bill does not provide for

a soldier to be represented by attorney, does not the gentleman think that that should be done?

1\fr. ROBBINS. I think it does provide in line 23 for the -very contingency that the gentleman from Kan!ilaS suggests.

1\1r. C.AJ\.:IPBELL of Kansas. I thought perhaps it diU, but it is not entirely clear. I thought that the court should clearly have jurisdiction to grant citizenship in the absence of a soldier with his company on appearance by attorney.

1\1r. FLOOD. The gentleman does not think that is accom· plished by the bill?

Mr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. It is not clear. 1\fr. FLOOD. The bill provides that the courts before ad­

mitting such alien to citizenship shall require oral or documen­tary proofs by witnesses under oath or by affidavits to show that he is of good moral character and loyal to the United States, lmt shall not require him to prove more than one year's residence in the United States previous to filing such petition.

Mr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. There should be a proviso here that that should be done on the application of tl1e alien, eit11er in person or by attorney.

Mr. FLOOD. Certainly there would be no objection to thnt. l\1r. TOWNER. In line with whf.\t the gentleman from K:m­

sas says, the present law, of coUJ·se, requires the application to be made and presented in person, and unless there was a specific section in the bill to modify that the courts, I think, would hold that that would still be required.

1\lr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. I think it will be necessary. ~f t11e gentlemnn from 'Virginia, who has tl1e floor, can offer an amendment that will do that, I tllink it should be done.

1\Ir. FLOOD. I will do it. Mr. COOPER of Wisconsin. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman

yield? 1\lr. FLOOD. Yes. Mr. COOPER of Wisconsin. I think it would be well to con­

sider that very carefuJ1y. If the aliens now in the Army of the United States who were in France or abroad anywhere bnve been, a large proportion of them, already returned to the United States because of tl1eir alienage, and the others are to be re­turned, I think the law then should still be as it is, requiring the applicant himself to appeal' and be identified, and so forth, before the officer where he makes the application.

l\Ir. CAl\fPBELL of Kansas. May I make this observation? 1\:Iany of these young men are far from the courts having juris­diction. Some of them are .located 1,500 miles trom their homes. It would take 15 days' leave.

l\Ir. FLOOD. That is not intended. The language could not be construed that way.

1\11·. COOPER of Wisconsin. They do not nave ·to go to the home courts, but to any court?

1\:Ir. FLOOD. lt was stated before the committee that the judges could go into those camps and ·hold court there for naturalization.

Mr. COOPER of Wisconsin. 'Vill i:he gentlemnn permit another suggestion?

l\1r. FLOOD. Yes. Mr. COOPER of Wisconsin. He can go to a court in ·ti1e

vicinity of the cantonment, and not only that. but be can prove his moral character by affidavits sent from his home?

M.r. FLOOD. Yes.

3014 . CONGRESSIONAL RECOR,D-HOUSE. · ~IABOII 4,

.!.Ir. COOPER of Wisconsin. So that every convenience is afforded to the ·olclier.

Mr. FLOOD. Yes. 1\Ir. CAl\IPBELL of Knnsa . EvPn though tlte bill with the

con:':ent of thP Department of .JuF;tice should provide for that. I think the lwtter pra<'tice woultl he for the friends and neigh­hoi~ nf the applicant to :lPJWar in court and testif~· to his right to hPcome a c·itizf'n, upon his appl iC'ation by an attorney wlw know~ him, and on his :~fficln•it that might be prepared and sent to him. The ~lppli c:mt may go into a court established in the (·amp·. hut lte bas no one there who knows him. He has no aflidavit thE>re. It is more cliffic·ult to arrangt> the details of the application for citizenship in the camp, .away from the fri Pncl. of the sollliPr, than it would he to hnve it ·arran~ed in the hom<' <·om·t. where witnt>ssE>s ancl friemls know the soldier.

.1\Ir. OALLAGHER 'Vill the gpntleman yiE>ld? ~It·. FLOOD. I yielcl to th£' gf'ntleman from Illinois. l\11'. GALLAGHER Hen' is the sih1ation: A great mnny peo­

pl <' in ou1· dty have gone to Canmla ancl enlist~! in the C:wa­tlian Army. 'l' hey were not taking \Oiun!'et>rs in the Unitt:>tl Statt> • mul th~e rut>n went ove1· there hE>caust t11ey wanted tl) fight. nn<l they nre in tht> :;trmy over there. 'Vhat becomes of thnt elmnPnt. of whom great nnmbf'rs nre over there?

l\ft•. FLOOD. They are not in our Army. 1\Ir. GALLAGHER ~o; they are in the Canadian Army. 1\Ir. FLOOD. This would not apply to them. and I . clo not

think it ougltt to apply to them. J)oes the gentleman think so? Mr. GALLAGHER Tbt>y are eiti7.ens of this country l\h·. FE~R. They coulrl nnt t>nlist over there without re­

lin~ui hing their Americ-an citi?.E>nship. :\lr. BURNETT. This is nof a repatriation bill. . 1\lr. SARATH. I think the gentleman means residents of

tlw Uni ted tates not citi?.ens. . l\Ir. GALLAGHER. They re. i<led here and many of them bec·ame dti?.t->n •. and then they wt>nt over there an1l enlistt>cl.

l\Ir. FLOOD. They would come in under a bill that we passed somE>timt> ago.

l\lr. ~ABATH. And anotht>l' hi\1 which is pending and liable to he called up at almost any time.

l\lr. FLOOD. I · yield to tht> gentleman from Illinois [Mr. SARATH].

l\lr. SABATH. 1\lr. Speaker. having the utmost <'onfirlence in the loyult:y and patriotism of tht> people of tbt> natiounlities tlE>s{·rihe<l in sE>c·tion 1. I iutrodu<'t><l a resolution some timf' mw ext>mpting them from tlw operations of the alien-enemy a<'t. Since that tinu:! the Pt·esidf'nt of the United StatE's in a proC'Ia­mation has exempted all of tbest> people nnrt lms ad1le•l other nationnlities. exempting them from the operations of tht> aliPn­enemy act. That I have been justified in my confidenl't> I offer this fad, that nearly 100.000 aliPns of these nationalities are now in the Army, Navy. and Marine Corps of the United Stutt>s. It is to protect these men. to enable them to reru<tin In um· :umie, , thnt this Jegislatio!l is sought. All this bill nirus tn rtu

·. is to naturalize all these men \Yho 1lP~ire to fight for thP <'Otmtry of their adoption, who otherwist> would have no chance or oppor­tunHy to become American citizPns.

Mr·. :MOORE of Pennsylvania. Will the g·t>ntleman yielrt? Mr. SABATH. I yielfl to the gentleman from PPnnsylvania. 1\lr. MOORE of Pennsylvania. Dot>s not section 2 admit of

the naturalization of other -aliens apart from those referred to in section 1?

Mr. FLOOD. Oh, yes. 1\lr. SARATil. Section 2 applies to all of the alien~ who are

now serving in the United Statf's Army. Nnvy, or ~fnrinE> Corps: it matters not of what nationality they are. I believt that any man who has volunteered, or any man who bas not clnimed exemption unrter the ~elective act. is a good enough man, is made of the right material. has the right conception of hh~ duty to this country, and as such is entitled to all the prote<.•tion that we can g1ve him, and is also entitlt>fl to becomt> a citi7.en of the United Rtatt>S without any unnecessa ry trouble or delay.

Mr. MOORE of Pennsylvania. 'l'he gentleman h:ts mnrle a study of this matter and has introduced a bill, ns be intlicatt>s. 'Vhile the gentleman is on his feet. a n<l since he is ta I king in the time of the gentleman from Virginia fl\lr. FLOoDl, tlw chair­man of the Cmnmittee on Foreign Affairs, I desire to aRk hiru on(> or two questions. Is it not a fact that any alien, not tho:e pHrtic·ulnrly mE>ntioned in parag:raph 1, but any alien who has been in the country one yt>ar nnd who has enlisted for :o:E>rvice In the Army or Navy, may be<·ome a naturalizE>d citizE>n of the Unitecl States on petitioning a court of competent juri diction. a.~ ,. ft>rred to here?

Mr. SABATH. Yes; and on complying with the rules anti lam~ nncl regulations of our country pertaining to the nat-uralization of aliens. ·

1\ir. liOORE of Pennsylvania. As the gentleman is some­thing of an expert I want to a sk this qnestion, so th~t this matter may be nmc1e clear to my con tituents. who are intE>r­estetl in it: If an alien comes forward to-day untl enli~t~ in the Army. he may apply to-morrow for naturalization ancl he mlt­uralized a citizen of the United StatE's If be c·Hn )n·nve that he has been in the country one year. Is not that tlJP fac·t? .

Mr. SABATH. He must prove that he has hP.en In the United States for one year. and he must also• prove thut hP ·is a man of good moral character. and in addition to that. that he has an honorable record in the Army or Navy or 1\lm·ine Cot·ps of the Unite<l State .

Mr. MOOnE of Penm~yivania. He must have the usual qualifications.

Mr. SA.BATH. Yes. . 1\Ir·. TOWNER Yes; and be loyal to the Unite1l State.~ . l\1r. S.ABATH. And he loyal to the United RtatPs iR t·ight. Mr l\JOORE of Penn rlvania. Exa<'tly. That is. one of the

qualiticution . Now, ordinarily a man mn. t WHit in thiR c·oun­try for five years before be tan- become a citizen of the Unitec.l States. •

l\f.r. SARATII. Not only that, hut he is snhjec>tf'd to examinn­tion. and must provt> that hP is capahle of ~:mswerin~ a grt>at runny que tions that are propounded to him; he lllU!-lt know how to read and write the English langua~e, and there a t'P a great ,many other thing~ that he is obligec.l to do before be <·au become an American citizen. .

l\Ir. l\IOOHE of Pennsylvania. T.t>t us J.!;et down to the point I wantecl to make. An alien nmlPr tht> law wust remain in tho United States for five years before he can become a citizeu of the United State ?

1\fr. SABATH. Yes. Mt·. MOORE of Penn. ylv:mia. If be joins the Army or the

Kavy or the Marine Corps and ha<> ont> year's re:-;iclence in the United States, he may apply for citizt!uship and secure it if he ·has the nece sary qualifications?

l\1r. SABATH. Yes. . Mr. l\IOOHE of Penn. ylvania. That is to say. he can cut

short the period of res:itlence fom· years and become a citizen it he joins tht> Army or the 'Navy?

Mr. SABATH. Ye ; that is the intention. l\lr. l\tOOHE of Penns~·lvania. Following up the purpol'lP ot

the alien-slacker bill. if tWs bill is adopted. it means that an,\·­one who is an alien in tht> United Rtlltt>R wbu has bf'en hPI'e one year may hecome naturalizecl if he enlists in the Ar·mv o1· ~an·?

1\lr. SABATH. Ye ; it mean~ that he will ht> p~nuittt>d ·to fight for onr country. becau~t> othenvi. e, lf the Ia ,,. is uot en­acted, there is great danger- that ht! mny l1e cli:-:c·haJ'~Pcl on account of being an alien ; that h<> is not nn Amt:>ri<-a n d t i?.Pll ; and thereby this country \Youltl lose from tbP Anuy :111cl the Kavy seventy-five to a hnn<lrecl thousand de. erving men tle­sirous of fighting for our count1·y.

1\lr. 1\lOOH.E of Pt>nnsylvuniu. Some gentlemen on this sifle !'eern to misunder. tand tht> point that the gE>ntlewan has h£'('n making, and I want to repeat it. This will upply tn uny nlit>n now or hereafter in the service of the Unitt>cl ~tates, antl not only to those specifi<'ally referrt>d to in p:1ragrapl~ 1.

1\Ir. ·sABATH. Thut enlist in th~:> Army, Kavy, and Mm·ino ~~~ .

1\Jr. MOORE of 'Pennsylvania. It would apply to anyone. Any alien ex(·ept a German enemy alien coul(l hP•·ome a dt hen of the United States after one year's residenee upon enli~tmeut if he \Vantecl to.

1\lr. SABATH. It will apply to'all aliens that are now or will be in tLP Army. Navy. or Marine Owps.

. Mr. FESS. Not quite as broad as that, for there is a provi. o, l\1 r. SABA TH. There is a pro,;, o as to people who cu n not

beeome citf7.ens now. 1\ir. FESS. That is what the gentleman from Penn. ylvania Is

driving at. 1\lr. l\JOORE of Pennsylvania. I want to show that If a man

likely to IJe deportt>ll from the country unrtPr the slackel' hill is qualifie<1 to bec·ome u citizt>n he can ma!{t> a short c·ut to citi?.t:>D· ship under this bilJ by enlisting in the Army. th(' ~avy. m· tho Marine Corps if he has bud a yeu1·'s residence and the l'equisitc qualitkation!':.

1\Jr. SAR:\TH. Yes. Mr. JAl\IER. Will t.he gentleman yield? 1\lr. SABA TH. Y t> . l\lr. JAl\1EH. ThE> pt>oplt> In pnrngrnph 1 havE> hP<'D Oi'c1t>red

ba<:k by Anstr·iu to tight in tlw Austriun Arm~: . Tlwy havP Hot gone. but in cu~e they ~hould hf' eaught tllE>~· will he ti'PMP.tl ns deserters. Tht>y will he t\est>rters a<·•·orc\inf.! to thP l:tw of Aus­tria and according to um· own ltl\V, anti tlwrefun'. unlp:-;.-.; tl.tis bill is passed. we will place nil thl'&! nu~n in an cJuJJlUT;t ::;:;ing [IO·

- ') ,- '

1918. . CONGRESSiONAL RECORD-CHOUSE. 3015 sition. If it passes we can elaim the men and look upon them as A{nerican citizens. ·

Mr. WALDOW. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. SABATB. Yes. Mr. WALDOW. Does this bill give a change of status to the

Poles who have formed themselves into an independent organi­zation? A great many of them have gone to France to fight. We have right outside of my city an army of about 8.000 men, rJJ of them of Polish nationality. Is this going to change their status in any way?

:1\l.r. SABATH. We can not aid them in this bilL There is a separate b:ll pending now in which I hope we will be able to protect the brave Poles and men of other nationalities who are now joining the so,-~alled Polish and Cecho-Slovak Arm_y in France as well as in Canada. I expect that the bill will be shortly reported and that it will receive the unanimous support of all l\1embers of the House.

i\Ir. WALDOW. Why is it not possible to have that bill incorporated in this bill?

Mr. SABATH. I think it is a very wise suggestion, and if it will not be objected to I would be more than pleased to look upon the amendment with favor.

Mr. WALDOW. I am very much interested in the proposi­tion. 'Ve have over a thousand men from the city of Buffalo alone who have joined the Polish brigade, and it seems to me that they ought to have the protection of the United States .•

Mr. SABATH. They are entitled to all the protection we can give them.

l\lr. JAI\IES. Are these pe·ople going in a Polish legion-are they going as Poles or Americans?

Mr. SABATH. They are going as Americans. :1\Iany of them are citizens of the United States ami many of them are not as yet citizens of this country.

Mr. JAMES. Who pays the expense? Mr. SABATH. '!'he Pulish-American people in the United

States, as wen as other people vit-ally interested in organizing this splendid borly of men. And wlu'lt applies to the Polish legion and the Polish Army applies to the so-called Bohemian­Slavic Army that is being formed here, in Russia, and France, and 'is now fighting the C3use of the allies across the sea.

Ur. JAMES. Those who are citizens will be taken care of. :r;lr. SABATH. No; they will not be taken care of by our

Government. Mr. JAMES. Those who are citizens of the United States? J\..1r. SABATH. Yes; but they will not be entitled . to any

pension or special benefits because they are not joining our forces. For that reason they are entitled to greater considera­tion than the men who are dr:lfted and who are American citi­zens, hecause they do not have to go, but do it of their own free will. desirous of being of aid and assistance to the country of their adoption.

Mr. GALLAGHER. If the gentleman will permit, I want to say that this is the army I referred to a moment ago when I was talking to the chairman. They are not in our Army and .therefore this bill would not cover them. They joined tl1e French forces.

. Mr. SABATH. I realize the force of the gentleman's state­ment, and, as I stated before, if an amendment can be framed a.pd \Vill meet with the approval, as it should, of Members here, we sl10uld embody it in this bill.

Mr. l\1ILLER of .1.\linnesota. Mr. Chairman, I would like to ask the gentleman a question. Can he concei•e of any legis­lation that "e could pass which would protect men not citizens o'*' this country who join the armies of one of our ames?

Mr. SABATH. I say in an~wer to that that we are trying to reach that befor~ the Immigration Committee in this way : We have a bm pemling there whereby · we will suspend the oper·ation of the immigration law as to all of th~ alien8 wbo are now going -abroad with our forces or with the Polish legions or the .Tugo-Slovak nrmies, or who join the allied forces in Europe.

l\11·. MILLER of Minnesota. Thnt is true. That will enable ' those men ultimately. after the war is over, to come back to the United States to becop:~e ('itizens, not having lost any rights by re.nson of absence from the United States, but it does not protect them during tl1is "·ar.

Mr. SABATH. ~o; it does not, but the amendment suggested by the gentleman from New Yo ': [Mr. WALDOW] might llelp the situation.

].ll'. Ii'LOOD. The gentleman does not think \Ve ought to unuertake to C'nnct .a law here throwing the protection of this

. GoYermnent :n·ound soldiers enlisted in the army of another nation, <loes he?

. Mr. SABATH. I '"ill sny this: They are there fighting tlie ·same cause, and '.i'here they are of aid and benefit to our country

I think we ought to extend to them all the protection and ad­vantages we possibly can.

Ur. MILLER of Minnesota. That is very true. We ought to give them every bit of help in our power, and if we take no action at all, if men joining this legion go over and are cap­tured and their lives are in danger, our country ought to aid them and do everything that we caD. in a moral way, even to the extent of threats of retaliation, to protect them, but could we iri any way be justified in passing a law that would say that a man fighting in the Army of Italy or a man fighting in the Army of France or a man fighting in the Army of England, not a citi­zen of this country, should be a citizen of the United States?

Mr. SABATH. As to those fighting in the allied armies, it might be very hard, because we have no organization by which we could bring about the aid in giving them the benefits of this legislation. We have no courts tllere and no instrumentalities by which we could make them citizens.

Mr. WALDOW. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. SABATH. Yes. . Mr. WALDOW. Why I am so vitally interested is this : Not

so much that the men shall receive the pensions and the benefits that our soldiers are going to receive, but, as I said before, there are fully 8,000 men in training now at Fort Niagara, and the great majority of those are not citizens of the United States. I understood our chairman to say that we expected to have a judge Yisit ow· different camps and confer citizenship upon the men.

Mr. FLOOD. Upon those who were in our Navy or Marine COrps, not tlwse who are in the armies of other nations.

Mr. WALDOW. Can we not have an amendment to this bill that would take care of that particular camp, because some of them are American citizens and they are all going to fight for the American cause, and I think they ought to llltve that pro-tection. .

Mr. S~ffi.A.TH. Mr. Speaker, to those in whom there remains any doubt as to the merits of this bill I desire to say that the people covered by this bill came to these shores to escape a tyrannical dynasty, allegiance to which they never subscribed and the overthow of which they have struggled and sought for centuries. They came here eager to grasp the opportunities afforded under our institutions and denied them in the land of their birth. They sought to advance and educate themselves and their children, to un<!erstand our institutions and the form of govern:nent that had given them ev-ery opportunity and every advantage afforded to its own citizens and that bad made tllem free men and women. They came here to better their own con­ditons and to relieve, if possible, their oppressed and persecuted brethren abroad.

That they l1ave done this none can deny. In the mines and in the factories, in the mills and in the shops, upon the farms and in the forests, in the industries and in the professions, in commHce-everywhere they have toiled, labored. and studied for the iucrN\sed rlevelopment of the land of their adoption. They have helped ana are now helping to turn the great wheels of our industry. They have aided o-g.r commerce. They have contributed to our science. They have always been good, true, and loyal residepts of this great counh-y of ours. Who can challenge their industry? Who can question their constancy? Who <lure impugn their loyalty?

And now, in the how·. of our Nation's trial, they have sprung to the support of our counh·y, to sustain ou;r gl9riou3 fulg, by the thousands, aye, by the teas of thousands, pah·iotically volun­teering and loyally waiving all claims for exemptions, to the en<l that the St:us and Stripes may ever float over a free and happy t;>ecple.

'Ve who li\e in this wonderful democracy of ours can only speak of the wrongs of autocratic government from a tht"oreti­cal knowledge, but these people who have suffered under it know this form of government from bitter, practical experience.

'Ve are at war to preserve " humanity and democracy." They go to war not only for this reason but in the fond and passionate hope that they might. help to secure it for their oppressed kins­man across the seas. Shall we deny them this opportun~ty be­cause in a technical, ancl a purely technical, sense they are sub­jects of Austria-Hungary and Germany? Shall we say to these people thnt because a brutal and overpowering military forre has subju;.,!ated you to despotic and tyrannical rule you are barred from assisting in its overthrow, even though you are a loyal and devoted resi<lent of this counh·y? Shall we discour­age ami disheal'ten these people, interfere with the wheels of our industries, deplete the mines and the factories of their much­needed man power, diminish the output of om· work hops. in­crease our economic problems, nlrenoy stupendous, ·und thereby give "aid and comfort" to our enemies, who are even mOI'P tlleir enemies, because of a status beyond their control , the remoYal

3016 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. ~llRCH 4,

of which they have sought with their .. life's blood these many c·enturies? Rha II we deny them the right to fight for the colors of their adoption and force them into the foreign legion di~ision of France and Italy?

Mr. Speaker, I do not beHeve such action would bP. compatible with the principles for which we are striving. In the mines and in the steel mills, in the great ammunition factories, they are steadfastly preparing this country for the mighty conflict in which we are engaged. Whether it be before the fiery furnaces of the steel mills, the stifling depths of the coal mines. the hazards of the ammt;mition fDctorie . they go about their work steady and contented, satisfied to be of service to this country, the ·countt·y of their adoption. To be of service is all they ask. Slwll we deny them this? ·

In our Army. Navy, and Marine Corps they are repre~ented by over 76,000, and, if I am reliably informed, that if they are not excluded from the operation of the "alien enemy" laws, our armed forces will in the course of time be deprived of some 400,000 men. What is there that would justify such a course of action?

I know that some will say that these people are responsible for this unpleasant situation becau e they did not become nat­urulized. This. however, is due to the harshness and stringency of our naturalization laws.

l\Ir. Speaker, with a deep faith and irrepl;'essible confidence, I have stood upon the floor of this Hom;e upon mauy an oc<'a­sion nnd vouchsafed the good and unimpeachable conduct and behavior of the~e people. I haVe never bad occasion to regret it, .:w<l I say now, with a calm assurance that rests upon my complete faith in them, that they will never give me cause to regret one word or one sentiment. I call upon them now to vin:licate my e>ery assertion, ·to sustain my every utterance, to _uphold my every assurance. I call upon them to prove. as I know they will, true to their best traditions, to meet every con­clition and make every sacrificE:' required of them with firm re olve and stout hearts, to uphold the ideals of the flag of thPir udoption-the red, the white, and the blue-to give their Jives and their all in defense of these glorious colors, to the end that liberty and democracy may forever be preserved to our . ac1·ect country and to her brave "comrades in arms."

I call upon them to inspire ancl encourage their oppressed brethren in despotic Austria and milita-ry-controlled Germany; to rise in their might and break the chains that have held them in bon<lage and slavery, in misery and in want; to throw off the ~·oke of their oppressors and those tyrants who are responsible _for this terrible war that has de troye(] millions of lives: that hn. · tnken from mothers their sons, from wives their husbands, from millions of innocent children their fathers; that has driven from the humblest shelter and deprived of life's every neces­~ity-life's every means of sustenance-millions of aged men, 'women, c-hihlren, and babes. I also be. eech them to call to their ldusmen aero s the seas anu with loud voice exclaim, " Rise from your slumber, you Czecho-Slovaks. descendants of Huss­Zi~ kn! Hi:;e you Poles. descendants of Sobieski, Pulaski, and Kosciusko! Rise you Jugo-Slnvs, de cendants of Dusan and 1\:aru George! m~e air you subjugate(] peoples so that the lib­erty and freedom for which your forefathers hoped, suffered, blccl, unll <lied may be attained and to you forever made se<'ure.

And when, aided by all other democracies of the world who are E:'nga;red in this monumental struggle to obtain for you this liherty and frE>edom, you will have helped to break the chains thnt havE> shackled you the:;;e cQnturies, then extend in the spit·it of brotherly love anu benevolence to the peoples of Ger­nwny. who nre dominated by the il'on and ruthless heE>ls of military lords. tl1e hand of friendship and aid, so that they, too--the great common masses of these German peoples who wouhl Ji\·e in peace ,,·ith all the peoples of the world. but who are fo1·cefully subjugated by the brutal power of Prus. ian mili­tari sm, which is attempting to.conquer the nations of the worta.

And, in conclusion, I fervently hope that the great Russian people nnc1 their leaders will have the wisdom and foresight to realize tbut the freedom they have attaineu and the liberty they Imn• gained can be protected only in concert with the

· ::~lliP<I democracies of the world; that they will detect the CUI1-nill.~ nnd <.Ieceit of the archenemies_ of every form of democracy nnd libl:'rty. the autocracies of the Hapsburgs and tlle llohen­zollerns; that they will not, after nil these years of struggle and sucrifice. lo. e the freedom for which they have pai!l with their lif'e's IJloo<l; that they will once more join hands with the other !lemoeracies of the worl<.l, so that the sunshine of liberty :lllcl demorracy may throw its light and its warmth upon nil the oppre~Bed countries of the worlu. be they lnrge or small. powPJ'ful or weak; that the peace we seek shall be a tighteous ­:tntl permanent pea<:e wherein all tyrannized peoples and na­tion~ shnll nnce mor. hrenthc the air of freedom and intlc­JK'lHlPn<'t'.

Therefore, ~Ir. Speaker, in justice to these peoples, in recog­nition of their unquestioned and devoted loyalty, in considera­tion of their industry and constancy, and, finally, as a measure of self-protection, a means to sustain and increase our tre­mendous war · preparations, this bill should be passed.

1\.Ir. FLOOD. Why do they not stay here and join the Amerl· can Army?

1\Ir. GALLAGHER. They could not do that under our laws. They are outside of the uraft age.

l\Ir. WALDOW. That was the amendment that I had in mind, , -

l\Ir. FLOOD. Thousands and thousands of t11ese people llave joined the Regular Army, volunteer(}(], who are outsiue of the uraft age.

l\Ir. GALLAGHER. But these men startell since we stopped volunteers from joining the Army. They had no chance to voluntE>er.

l\lr. 1\liLLER of Minnesota. 1\Ir. Speaker, will the gentleman from Virginia yield?

1\Ir. FLOOD. Yes. l\1r. l\1ILLEll of Minnesota. Can I have a moment l1r two?

I would like to have about three minutes. l\lr. FLOOD. I yield three minutes to the gentleman from

Minnesota. The SPEAKER. The gentleman has just three minutes re·

maining. 1\Ir. l\IILLER of Minnesota. Then I hall better· take two and

a half minutes, so that the gentleman from Virginia will lm ve a hjllf minute left. ·

l\1r. Speaker, I have long been interested in organization- of this Polish legion. I think it is a sp1endiu thing, aud ·one ot' the finest tl1ings on earth about it is that these Poles uo not hesitate to join that legion for fear they will be capturecl by Germany or Austria. I had opportunity to meet with these ~en­tlemen who came from the Continent of Europe when they first started the propaganda in this country. l\lost of them had IJeen in the German Army, and had been captured or hall gotten out, and are now organizing the forces of their brethren to go home to Europe and fight for lib~rty. That meant to fight against Germany. Those people are not going to be detelTe<l at all because we are not able to give them citizenship, and if we coulu adopt the sug~estion of the gentleman from New York [l\lr. WALDow] it would be splendid, but we can not do it. They are not fighting in our forces, nor fighting strictly for our country. I do not believe that those in the Bohemian organiza­tion are going to be one whit less courageous and vigorous thuu those in the Polish organization; and the fact that we can not give them the protection of citizenship is not going to deter thein from performing this J1ighly patriotic service. 'l'he man who is willing to enlist, who has the courage and the patriotism to enlist in that cause, does not need to be helped by any little addition we might give in a legislative way. He has staked his all, and he is going through with it, ami while they should re­ceive every bit of encouragement that we can give. we can not go that far. But this, too, mu:;;t be said-· -

The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman from Minnesota has expired. - l\lr. FLOOD. l\1r. Speaker, have I any time remaining?

The SPEAKER. The gentleman has halt a minute. l\lr . .IJ,LOOD. I yield that to the gentleman from Ohio [l\Ir.

FESS]. . l\Ir. FESS. l\fr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to speak

for three minutes. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from· Ohio asks unanimous

consent to speak for t11ree minutes. Is there objection? [After a pause.] The Chair hears none.

l\lr. FESS. l\lr. Speaker, I want to say to the committee that the question raised by the gentleman from New York [.Ir. W ALnow] as to why we should not allow this bill to cover these Poles, who are not citize~s of the Uniteu States, but are in a training camp, came to us in a very interesting way through the great pianist, Paderewslri, when he made a plea before the com­mittee to give these Poles an opportunity to form an army here not to be coalesced with the American Army. When our frieitcls are asking why we did not cover them with citizenship, may I say that 'he requested that it be not <.lone; that they <.Ihl not wanf to lo e thernsel ves in the American or any other army. When we raised the que tion with him that we coulll not give any par­ticular protection to them if they did not become either American citizens or enter our own Army, be said that we <.lid not really

· appreciate what the Poles were trying to uo. His point was that tbe Poles in Europe were suffering so· much from persecu­tion that they wanted to know there was an army over here, not Polish-Americans nor Polish allies, but an army of Poles and formed as a unit, fighting be ide our Army and the allied at·my, but still as an automatons army that belo!"lged to Polantl. Tie

1918. CONGRESSIONAL RE·OORD-HOUSE. 3017 said that it was .not any disre pect to the American Government no1· any suggestion that they did not want to be allied with the American Government, but the psychological effect it would have- upon pPople back in Poland if they ha<l a real Polish army as a unit fighting for the same thing that we were fighting for.

·So if it does not cover it it is upon the suggestion of their repre­sentatives over here.

Mr. BURNETT. l\lr. Speaker, I ask for three minutes, by un::mimous consent.

The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request. of the gentleman from Alabama? [After a pause.] The Chair hears

-none. l\lr. BUR1'-."'ETT. 1\Ir. Sneaker, I do not agree with the gen­

tleman from Minnesota [1\fr. 1\IILI.ER] that we could not grant citizenship to these . people. but I do not believe it would be wise to encumber this bill with that proposition now. We have a bill before the Committee on Immigration looking to the admi!':sion of these -very people, not as ordinary immigrants, not as aliens, but just like any other American citizen coming back to this country. If these men were to be discharged or if any alien were to be dischal'gec.l who had joined our Arwy on the other side and should pos~ibly remain on the other side for a period of se-veral months and not come back with his uniform on, or as a soldier. he woul<l have to come back as an ordinary alien, and if he had been shot up over there, alth_pugh ~ former member of our Army, having volunteered in our Armv or hav­ing joined these Czecho-Slovak and Polish independen-t legions, be could not come back here, because he would be exclucled bs the immigration· law. Therefore, in order to meet that "\"ery condition, the Department of Labor sent a bill to me as chair­man of the committee, the purpose of which was to al1ow such alien to come back just like an American citizen who had fought in our Army would come back. We have reporteu the bill, introduced by Mr. SLAYDEN, and reported by unanimous vote of t11e members of our committee who were present, which will permit these people to come back. I believe, Mr. Speaker, it ought to pass, and I would not object upon a proper bill being framed and properly considered that these people should be granted the · right to make an immediate application for citizenship, if they desire to, and immec.liately become citizens of this country.

They are not in the same class, 1\Ir. Speaker with resident alien subjects of cobelligerent nations who join ~ur armies be­cause ev~ry Hungarian, every Pole, who is a citizen or subject of Austria-Hungary -or Germany who joins those inc.lependent legions and goes over there and fights for the same cau..<:;es that we ure fighting for, if be is captured he ·will not be treated as an <H'(linary prisoner as those of cobelligerents who joined our ArmJ' would be. He would be treated as a .traitor and shot at sunrbe. perhaps, because he was guilty of treason a ... ainst his

. country. Sometimes I ha-ve been denounced as an~ A. P. A. and an enemy of all foreigners. There is not a man in thig House )~ whose heart beats a greater admiration and reverence for thos~ J..Jen who absolutely take their lives into their own han?~ and kuow .that. when they join these independent legions, or JOlD Q>Dr aL·m1es, If they are captured by the Germans or An!":trians thE'y will be shot down at once as traitors to their country. It tak~s almost superhuman courage to volunteer to fight under surL conditions. Hence, I believe that upon a properly framed bill-1- had not thought of it untiJ this discus­sion arose-! believe we should endow these men " ·ith the same rights and privileges of citizenship that we do other aliens who join our marines, our naval forces, or our armies. I do not believe. as has been said by the chairman of the committee, that we ought now without due consideration to undertake to cum­ber what seems to rue to be a wise bill with provisions which we might well co~gider at a more opportune time.

The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman has expired. The question is on the amendment offered by the gentleman from Vi1·ginia. .

The question was taken, and the amendment was agreed to. 1\Ir. :v~LOOD. Mr. Spea.ker, I have another amendment to

offer, and that is to strike out section 3. The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the amendment.

- The Clerk read as follows: Strike out section 3.

:Mr. WALSH. Mr. Speaker--'l'he SPEAKER. For what purpose does the gentleman from

Massachusetts rise? -l\Ir. WALSH. Is the motion to strike out debatable; is this

amendment debatable? · The SPEAKER. Of course it is debatable; but the Chair

wanted to find out what the gentleman wanted to do. Mr. WALSH. I wanted to ask ·the chairman of the· commit- ·

tee a question in respect to his amendment.

This says: That application. for ·n.a~uralizatio~ in the mode herein provided shall

not be open to natives, ClhZf'DS, subjects, or denizens of Aust ro-Hun"'ary or Germ~ny, except such ind~v~duals and classes as may be exempted by the Pres11lent under the prov1s10ns of section 1 of this act.

Now, is it open to all the other na.tions associated with Ger· many and Austria-Hungary in the war?

1\.fr. FLOOD. I did not catch the gentleman's question. I understood what he said at first.

1\Ir. WALSH. Is a Bulgarian permitted to become a citizen if he happens to be--

l\1r. FLOOD. The amendment I submitted struck out sec­tion 3. That would leave the provisions · of the bill applicable to any alien of any nation who served in our Army and ha<l had a residence of a year in this country and had complied with the other provisions of this bill, except, of course, those who by our laws are not permitted to become citizens.

l\fr. WALSH. That would include, then, enemy aliens? 1\.Ir. FLOOD. Certainly. 1\.Ir. WALSH. And would permit them to be naturalized? Mr. FLOOD. Yes. ;\lr. WALSH If they qualified by having become connected

with the military and naval forces of the United States& l\lr. FLOOD. Yes. 1\Ir. WALSH. And having resided here for a year. ·Now,

does the gentleman think tJ1at it is a wise provision to make them citizens of the United States?

l\1r. FLOOD. Yes; I thought so. 1\Ir. WALSH. Although they may have only recently joined

the Army or the Navy? · 1\Ir. ~LOOD. If they join the Army or Navy of their own

free Will,_ showing their desire to fight for this country, can prove th~1r loyalty and a good moral character, I think it is very advisable to make them citizens in order to give them this protection. - In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, for instance, half the population is hosti1e to the Government of thHt Empire-­probably over half of the population-and their feelings are friendly toward the allies and to us. A great many of those people-the Bohemians, Italians. Poles, Slovenes and otherg­are in this country. Many of them are already i~ our military service ~nc.l are entitled to the protection of our citizenship; others Will be encouraged by this legislation to join our forces. They want to fight for America and the cau!':e of human liberty. They want to fight the Government which has suppres!;:ed tbeir wills, and they go into the Army for the purpose of making war on the -Governments that still claim them as subjects. When they go over to the other side and meet the armies of those Governments and happen to be captured, they. are subjecte1l to very much more rigorous treatment than an American soldier with American citizenship would be; they will be treated ns trait~rs, and I think that men who had shown their patriotism to this country, had shown their love of liberty, as they have, and have taken such great risks, should have some considera­tion shown them, and should have such a law as this pas eel m their behalf and for their protection.

Mr. SNYDER. Does the gentleman think t11at if a man be. came a citizen in the Army a few days after a year in the conn· try that that qualification would be looked upon with fa-vor by Germany in case he should be taken prisoner? _

1\Ir. FLOOD. I do not know about that. As I said in an· · swer to a question asked by the gentleman from Missouri, we do not know what attention the German Government will pay to this actio~ of ours. But as has been stated here by the gentle· man from 1\lrnnesota [1\Ir. MILLER] and myself, we can retaliate on German and AU!":trian citizens if those countries treat our citizens, however they may have acquired citizenship, in a way contrary to the rules of civilized warfare.

The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman from Massachusetts yield ·to these gentleman in debate?

l\1r. WALSH. I yielded to the gentleman from New York [Mr. SNYDER] in _order to ask a question, and I am yieldinoo to the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. FLooD] to answer the q~es: tion.

Now, if .he has answered, I desire to ask a question myself. I would hke to ask the gentleman from Virginia how thPse aliens about whom he has been talking, whe are made eJigible to become citizens, could in any way be punished by the foreign nations of which they were subject, when under the terms of this bill they are not required to renounce their alleO'iance ·: :1

those nations? I would like the gentleman to answer the ques· tion, and will yield to him for that purpose.

1\Ir. FLOOD. ·what was the question? ·Mr. WALSH. I said I woulc.l yield to th~ gentleman from

Virginia. l\1r. MOORE of Pennsylvania. Look at the proviso on page 3.

I think that answers the gentleman's question.

3018 . ' , ,·, . ' .- (! ~ • ~

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1\f.ARCH 4,

The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman from Virginia desire to answer?

Mr. FLOOD. I want to answer if I can find out what the question is. . 1\Ir. WALSH. The gentleman has . been tallring about these aliens who are now subjects or citizens of certain of the Eu­ropean nations who have seen fit to join our military or naval forces, and stated that if they become citizens under this art these aliens of these foreign nations would probably be pun­ished by their native countries because they joined our forces and be<'ause under the provisions of this act they became nat­uralize-d. Now, what I want to ask him is why that should necessarily follow, if they are not required to renounce their allegiance to those foreign countries of which they have been heretofore subjects or citizens?

Mr. FLOOD. Because under this law we will naturalize them. They will · become citizens of this country -under thl:~ law, when they take the oath of allegiance to thLc::; country.

Mr. WALSH. - But that does not divest them of their citizen-ship in other countries. ·

:Mr. SABATH. It does. Mr. FLOOD. Oh, ye . 1\:Ir. ROGERS. The requirement of this law is that they

shall take the oath of allegiance to the United States as now prescribed under the law relating to naturalization.

Mr. SABATH. If the gentleman from l\lassachusetts would read section 4 of the naturalization act he would save himself all this trouble in repeating his question, because that sets it out clearly that such an alien, before he can become a citizen under this act, must subject himself and do all other acts required under the present act.

Mr. WALSH. The gentleman contends that that is contained in section 4?

Mr. SABATH. Yes; section 4. Has the gentleman the law there--the naturalization act?

1\Ir. WALSH. Yes. Mr. SABATH. Well, if he will rend it he will find that what

I say is correct. The gentleman has the bill. I was referring to the naturalization act.

1\fr. WALSH. I have the law before me in this volume. I was holding t11e bill. I was not holding the book.

Mr. SABATH. If the gentleman desires, I can read the sec­tion to him. The gentleman is satisfied now, I presume?

Mr. WALSH. I am satisfied nobody has answered the ques­tion.

Mr. SABATH. It has answered itself. It is the law. Mr. MEEKER. Mr. Speaker, I move to strike out the last

two words. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Missouri moves to

·strike out the last two words. Mr. MEEKER. Mr. Speaker, in reply to the gentleman from

-Massachusetts [Mr. WALSH]. I think the proviso at the end of .section 2. ta-ken in connection with section 4 of the immigration law, takes care of the thing about which he has some concern. There would be ab o1utely no possibility of making anyone a -citizen of the United States until he had renounced his al­legiance to the natton whence he comes, so that for that lle need have no fear of this law.

I only want to say one thing in regard to the principle con­tained in this law in connection with what mig-ht be termed the companion bill, which has already been reported out from the Committee on Immigration, which provides, as was stated by the chairman of the committee, Mr. BURNETT, for the admission of aliens who have served under our flag and who had taken out their first papers. That bill should be reported and should be acted upon at the earliest possible moment, and when that bill shall have been pas ed and this one it will practically com­plete the work of Congress, so far as providing for the care of the immigrant or alien soldier is concerned. About a year ago I took it upon m~rself to try to ascertain the status of alien soldiers in the armies of all the different . nations of the world. It has been a most difficult thing to get exact facts in reg-ard to the status of men in the armies of the different nations, but I ha•e obtained within the last few days the last reports from the different n tions throughout tile world as to the status of alien soldiers, and w-ith the permission of the House in the very near future I shall address the House on that subject.

I want to ny that when we shall have passed thi bill in -connection 'tith the other laws which we have enacted the Unite<l States will be centurie ahead of the rest of the worlfl in caring for its alien soldiees. There is n question so invol•etl as the statu~ of an alien soldier in the several armie~ of the world. W-e hnve been n·orking along here in a spirit of fairness in our attempt to do justice to any man who is willing anll ready to don the uniform of the United States and go and fight for our

cause and under our flag. With the completion of this legisla­tion-and I speak also when I refer to that to the Slayden bill, which is yet to come--there has been no civilized nation on the eatth that has ever dealt so fairly and so honorably and with such consideration for the alien soldier as we have -done here.

Mr. GALLAGHER. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield 1 Mr. MEEKER. Yes. Mr. GALLAGHER. Is it not a fact, too, that the pay that we

give our soldiers, compared with what other soldier;:; get, and. the insurance and the pensions, are greater than those of any other country? ·

Mr. MEEKER. There has never been anything like it in the ' world's history-the way this Congress has attempted to provide for our military forces.

1\fr. FESS. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. JltfEEKER. Yes. · , Mr. FESS. Our country has a larger proportion of people who

have come to us, not natives, than any other country in the worlc. Is not that a fact?

Mr. MEEKER. Yes. Mr. FESS. And it is a greater problem with· us than with

any other nation? Mr. 1\lEEKER. Certainly. But the attitude of tho American

Con!;ress, which of course is the voice of the American people on this question, the willingness on the part of the American Government to go the whole length for the alien soldier under our flag, is one of the most striking illustrations of the really cosmopolitan spirit of the United States that could be given. I am sure that when I submit to you the different reports of the nations throughout the world as· to what they will do and what they will not do for alien soldiers in their armies it will ~be a surprise to the Member of this House as to how far we have gone. And yet we have not gone beyond the line of justice in any instance, in my judgment, but we have d.one only the fair thing.

1\Ir. SHALLE1\TBERGER. 111r. Speaker, will the gentleman yield?

Mr. 1\fEEKER. Yes. Mr. SHALLENBERGER. I think it would be interesting to

add there that the record of the Provost 1\Iarshal on this shows that the proportion of aliens is 8 to 5; in other words, out of 123,000 men called out, 85,000 are aliens under the law.

Mr. MEEKER. I thank the gentleman for his statement. Mr. MILLER of Minnesota. Mr. Speaker, I rise to oppose

the amendment and to ask the chairman a question. The gen· tleman from Kansas [Mr. CAMPBELL] suo-ge ted that the lan· guage ought to be changed so that the applicant will not per­sonally have to appear in court. I desire to ask the chairman if he has an amendment pending to accomplish that purpose? I understood that it was expC;cted to be accomplished.

I will say, after a .further reading of the bill, that I do not lrr.ow but that the point raised by the gentleman from Kamm.s is well taken, although I did not think it was at first. For instance, on line 25 it rends :

And shall also requ1re him to t&ke the oath of n.Ueo-lnnce to the United S.tates as now prescribed under the law relating to naturaliza­tion.

Now the man has to take that personally in the presence of the court, before the court, and if we do not make an exception he would still have to do that.

Mr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. I noticed that provision in the law. He should make the oath before the commanding officer in the presence of his comrades.

Mr. MILLER of Minnesota. If the gentleman has nothing better to offer, I will mnke a suggestion.

Mr. FLOOD. What is the gentleman's suggestion? Mr. MILLER of Minnesota. To amend the bill in two places.

In line 20, after the word " require." I propo e to insert · the words "the appearance of the applicant in person or by attor­ney, and," so that it will read:

The coud before admitting such alien to citizenship shall requil·e the appearance of the applicant in peruon or by attornc.>y, and oral or <loco­men tary proofs-

And so forth. And then, in line 23; strike out tbe word " as " and nt the end of the sentence, or :iftei· the word "naturaliza-tion " and before the period, insert : _

Such oath to be taken orallv in court or to lle made in writing by subscribing to such oath in writing and in the pre ence of at least two witnesses.

1\lr. S"K1:"DER I shou1<1 like to ask the gentleman ''hnt ~e<'­iion 4 does to that? Doc not thut uutlwrize the President to make rules and regulations? ·

Mr. HILLER of 1\Jinne:-:ota. . I do not think the Pre ic!ent could make a rule or re~ulntion that wonhl violate the lnw.

Mr. SNYDER. No; but he mi~ht make a rule or regulation that would establish a court.

1918. CONG.RESSION .AL RECORD-HOUSE. 30 9 1\fr. MILLER of Minne. ota. The ~entleman from Alahnma

[l\lr. Rt.'"R.NETT], who I~ thoroughly familiar with thh:; question. can inform Uf' whether or not under sE>Ction 2. without that, the applicant him~elf woulcl not he required to go into court.

1\Ir. BURNETT. It i~ a questic,n of the construction of legal term~ more than of familinrity with these rules. I will asl{ tlw I!Pntleman, n~ it is upon pE>tition filed, a man may file-a petition t'itlwr himself or by attorney, or by sending it, that following it up by "oral or doeunwntnry proofs." ·taking those two to­gether, doe~ not thP gentlPman think the fact that he i~ required to file a pPtition does not require his personal appearance there?

Mr. l\IILLEJt of l\Iinnei'ilbt. I think that would be true as to the first part but not us to the latter.

l\lr. CAMPBELL of Kansas; But the general law provides thnt he mu. t appear in court.

l\fr. BURNETT. As I re<:ollect it. I can not recall all those details.

Mr. BUTLER. He is subject to catechism when he reaches court.

~Ir. SNYDER. How can you get a man into court when he is in France?

1\Ir. FLOOD. 1\fr. SpeakE>r, it sePms to me thnt the amend­mPnts pmposed by thP gpntleman from Minnesota fMr. MILLER] are all right. T suggest to him that he ask un:-mimom; consent to y·eturn to those sections an<l offer those amen<lments.

l\lr. BUTLER. It cloPs not require unanimous consPnt. l\lr. 1\HLLBH of l\tinne!';OtH. ·_ All right. I rriove to amPn<l-­'J'hP SPEAKER. There is alrPady an amen<lm~nt pPmling.

The gentleman fTom Virginia [Mr. !.l'Looo] moves to strike out se<·tion 3.

'l'he queRtion being taken, the amenctment wns agreect to. 'l'he SPEAKER. The gentiPman from 1\li. souri fl\·lr. DE<'KER]

with(lJ·aws hi~ pro forma amenclment, and the gentleman from l\1inne~ota [l\1r. 1\iTLLERl is recognize<l to offer his amen<lments.

l\11'. MILLER of 1\finnesnta. I move to nmenrl. in line 20. page 2, after the worct "require." hy inserting the woJ·rls "the appear­aw-e of the applicant in person ot· by Httorney and."

The SPEAKER. The CIPrk \Vill repot·t the amendment. The Clerl{ rea<l ns follows: · AmPnrlm€'Dt offPred by Mr. MILLER of MinnPsota : Page 2, Une 20, after

thP word "rPquire," inl'IPJ't thP following: "the appearance of thf' appli­cant in pPrf;on or -by attornPy and."

'l'he umen<lment "-'HS HJITE!(>d to. 1\fy·, l\IILLER of Minnesota . . I moYe to amend. on page 3. line

1, :tfter the word "naturalization." by inserting tlw following~ "!'1U<'h onth to be taken orally in court or to he made in writing by suh~crihing hi~ name therPto under oath nnd in the prPsence of nt least two witnesses who are citizPns of the t:!nite<l RtatPs."

The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the amendment. ThP Clerl{ read as follows: AmPndm+'Dt offerf'<'l by Mr. MILLER of Minne!':ota: Page 3, line 1,

after the word "naturalization.'' lns£>rt th€' following: "SUC'h oath to be takf'n orally In <·ourt or to bf' mad£> ln writing by subs<:ribln:! hls name ther€'to under oath anti 11 thP p1·esence of at least two witnesses who ar€' dtlzens of the United States.''

Mr. BURNETT. Mr. Speaker, I suppose that would neces­snrily imply that the onth must be taken before some officer authorizro to administPr oaths.

l\Ir. 1\IILL.ER of .Minnesota. YE's. 1\lr. BURNETT. WP would not want any lapsus on that. 1\lr. PADOE'l'T. Thnt ought to he specified. 1\lr BURNETT. Possihl_y the debate showing that was the

intention mig:ht be suflkient, but it would not hurt UR to hnve 1t so ~tat€'<1. ·

ThP SPEAKER. Does the gen!leman from Minnesota offer thnt lan~age?

!\lr l\IILLER of Minne!':ota. I <to. After the word "oflth '' in the umendment which hns . been submitted insert "before an ()tfiC'er autbori:r.ed to udminister an oath.''

1\lr. PADGETT. Hn'\'ing a seal of office. l\fl·. l\HLLER of Minne~otn. Anrt having: a seal of office. The SPEAKER. •rhe Clt>t·k \\ill report the amendment. The Clerk reH<l as foil owe::: Mr. MILLER of Mlnnpsota modtfies the amPndmf>Kt as follows: After

the word "o.atb " inl'l£>rt ·• bPfore an officer autborlzPd to admini!'ter an oath and having a seal of ol:fie+>."

l\tr. WAL~H. 1\lr. Spt>al<er, I mn opposed to this amemiment, for the renson that we are nppning the door hf'rf' prPtty wide to all sortR of opportunitit>S for uhuspg an<l ft•auduiPnt natural­ization. nlthough I heartily favor conferring citizenship uu the thousands of patriotic alit>ns who have joinecl our colors. 'fhe general law upon thP maltPr of ndministerin1! the oath to the certificate of naturnll::mtion requirt:>~ that bl-'fore a pt:>rscin mn be admitted tn citizenship he Rhall cledat't> on oath in open cout·t that he will support the <?onstitution of th~ United States, and

so fortt1. Now, the amennmPnt hPJ'e propo!';E>5: that thP Npplie:111t, aftPr having filprl his petition in court in nc·c·orchllH'P with the requirements of law, which set forth his intention to suh:::<·rthe tv the oath of allpgianf'P and to take the oath of rennndution against any foreign Government. can go lwfore> somP offkial and take the oath in the presence of two witnf's."es. It may he a justice of the peace or a nota r:r puhlic ha vinl! n ~n 1 of offiee, and we divest that ac:t of all the solemnity and <lignity with which we now clothe thP administration of the oath of citi~wn­ship to the applicant under the general law. A furthet• objPC­tion, in my opinion, is that I have grave douhts whether we <·an prPscribe in this way fot· these partkular people uu<ler the Con~titution a t'Ule of naturalization an<l take them out of the general law in the way we n.re attempting to do het·e. I agree with the gentleman from l\1innesotn and the gentleman from Virginia and the gentleman from Alabama that it is wise to naturnlize these patriotic men \Vho have responded to the call, who have joined our Army and NHvy. and have gone forth to fi~ht for the preserYation of humanity, and to make 'tbe world safe for democracy and democracy safe for the world.

1\Ir. TILSON. Will t1.e gentleman yield? 1\Ir. WALSH. Yes. Mr. TILSON. DoPs the ~entlemnn realize that this is in·

tended to upply to men in the Army and in the Navy. and if it is to be of any avail it will have to be provided that the oath can be taken where the solclier nnct the sailor is?

l\lr. WALSH. I realize thP difficulty, and I appreciate that there are many gentlemen on the high seas who will not be able to subscribe to the oath becau e there is no official thPt'e havmg a seal; hut when they comP into port they can go into a court of record having a seal pi·esct'ibetl by the law and take that oath. I think that is not too much to require of thern. even though they nre performing heroic sPrvice, and in a seuse at·e hereby rewarded for It b:~ this legislation. .

1\Ir. TILSON. If this is intended to make it easy. ought it not to be provi<lecl that they may take the oath before tbe Judge Advocate General?

Mr. l\HLLEH of l\1innesota. Oh~ no; it ought to be in sowe court of record.

l\1r. WALSH. It wc1uld destroy the uniformity of the law, and the Con!';titution requires that we shall ha,·e established uniform rules of natUralization.

1\Ir. BURNETT. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. WALSH. Yes. Mr. BURNETT. I . recogni7.e the force of the ~ugge tion in

regard to the uniformity required by the Con~titution. hut I · call the gentleman's attention to the fact that for manv vem·s we have had a species of this kind of naturalization-that of a di~charged alien soldier. seaman. or marine; that has lackPd uniformity in the way that there is a difference in the pericul of time. Those were cases which, un<ler the strict <·onstructiun made by the gentleman, woul<l be a lack of uniform itv of , nat u­ralization; but the courts bave upheld them. ThP 'main ~llf­fPrence between this anti the ~tatutes that have exi~tpd is the personal status that they were granted a naturalizntion aftet• discharge. and thi!'; is for the purpose of making all the ~tatutPs harmonize and uniform and allowing them n~:~turalization inde­pendent of a discharge. That is the difference between the law as it exists and this bill.

l\1r. WALSH. The gentleman wm not contend that this law harmonizes the natumlization laws?

Mr. BURNETT. Accordin~ to the construction of the court those previou~ laws harmonizPd with the naturalization Jaws, and this makes it more harmonious.

1\Ir. WALSH. Since the general naturalization law was pa!'1sect, which differed materially from the law prior to that time, the Supr~me Conrt of the United Stat~ has not pas~ed on the question which the gentleman raises an<l which he sa:vs arose during the days of the Civil War. My contention is that we are not providing a uniform rule, but that in enacting this statute we are affecting the uniformity that prevuiletl unde-r the geneml Jaw and destroying it. In that respef't we at~e not harmonizing thP naturalization laws of the country.

1\tr. BURNETT. ThPse other statutes were not 'te<>hnif'ally harmonious. ancl :ret the coUJ'ts have constnte<l it where it applied to a general <."lass, not to individuals, ,as not conflicting with the con~titutional proYision~ that the gentleman refP.rs to.

1\It-. WALSH. I haYe ~PJ'ious doubts as to whethPJ' Hnv court would hold that the proYisions of this law werP applicable to a class; they arl-' only applicnhle to cPrtain individuals who may have joined the milHnry fot'(·e~. The1·e is nn class ahout that; it is an lndiYidnal H<"tion, purPI.v voluntnr;\'; tht> n('tiou of these gentlemen who may volunteer and join thPse fot·c·es is un incli­vi<lual action. anri would not SN'Ill to me to establish a classifi· cation in the true sense of the word. -

3020 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. ~f..A.RCH 4,

Now, what do you do? Any man who may hereafter join our military forces, who may be n pacifist, who may be the subject or a citizen of Austria-Hungary, who may have lived here for 20 years, who may have been a citizen or subject of Germany, who may have been voting in certain juris<lictions throughout the country, may join the Army-and be may have joined the Army in some occupation which does not require him to shoulder a gun-he files his petition, and he can get two of his pacifist colleagues to go before some little obscure official, make oath of allegiance to the United State~. if that official has a Real. And after having filed his petition and makihg his oath submit­ting his oral proof, not by himself as an individual but tllrough an attorney, we confer upon him the citizenship of this great Republic. I say the mere fact that these gentlemen ha>e joined our forces and are assisting us in fighting these battles, rather than joining the forces of their own nation, is not a sufficient reason why we should tear down the naturalization laws and make it .easy to procure naturalization and open the door for opportunities for fraudulent practices.

Mr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. WALSH. Yes. Mr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. I think the gentleman from

Ma sacbusetts bas unintentionally borrowed a good deal of trouble that be bas put into the statute. A petitioner for citi­zenship who is in the service of the United States, either on land or sea, may file his petition for citizenship in the court at his borne having jurisdiction, through his attorney, where his friends will appear, and when be has been notified that the court has passed upon his case be may appear before an officPr and subscribe·to the oath sent to hlm by the court. That I take it is the procerlure if this bill becomes a law.

1\Ir. SNYDER. With the permission of the gentleman from Massachusetts, I would like to ask bow that would benefit a man who has gone to France.

1\Ir. CAMPBELL of Kansas. In the same way exactly. Mr. SNYDER. When would he become a citizen? As soon as

he got back to this country? 1\ir. OM1PBELL of Kansas. As soon as the oath was re­

turned and filed in the proceedings of the court. 1\Ir. SNYDER He could become a citizen practically in the

field? 1\Ir. CA1\1PBELL of Kansas. Certainly. 1\fr. SNYDER. That is the way I want it. 1\fr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. That was the intention of the

amendment, to apply to any man on the seas or in the foreign service who can comply with the necessary requirements. All that he would have to do would be to submit the matter to his attorney. Be would go through the usual proceedings in the court having jui1.sdiction, offer his proof as to the loyalty or good character of the applicant. as is provided in the general statute. and then the soldier or the sailor, as the case might be, whether on the sea, in a camp 1,500 miles from his home, or in a foreign field, would ubscribe the oath provided for, return that to the court having tried the ca e, and file it with his petition. That is the intention I think of this bill. Unfor­tunately the bi11 has been considered in a rather informal way. The bill would have more effective consideration if it had come up on seme other calendar. I think there is no danger of open­ing the door to fraud or injusti.ce by simply providing that these men "·ho have regularly enlisted, whose enlistmeats are kno\V!I, shall have the opportunity to become citizens.-

1\ir. WALSH. 1\Ir. Speaker, of course the gentleman is awure that fraud nre practiced under the law as it now exists?

l\fr. CAl\IPBELL of Kansas. Yes. · 1\Ir. WALSH. I would like to ask the gentleman what is his understanding as to ,...-l1en this alien becomes a citizen?

1\Ir. CAMPBELL of Kansas. As soon as the oath is filed in the court that heard the proceeding.

l\I1·. BUH.NETT. 1.\Ir. Speaker, I would like to ask the Chair­man of the committee a question that suggested itself to my mind. Is there anything in this second section that presupposes thnt tllc applicant or the petitioner shall have be.en a resident? I do not belie...-e thnt we ought to let people become citizens who ha Ye never been here?

l\1r. S.ABA.TH. They must have been residents of the United States for nt least a year.

1.\fr. BUU ffi'IT. I had overlooked that. l\11·. WALSH. 1.\Ir. Speaker, the explanation of the gentleman

from Kan. as [~1r. CAMPBELL] certainly does not satisfy me th:-1t we ought to adopt the amendment proposed by the gentle­man from Minnesota [Mr. 1\in:.LER]. I lla ve expressed my views upon it, unci I hope that it will not prevail.

The SPEAKER The question is on agreeing to the Miller amendment.

The question was taken and the amendment was agreed to.

Mr. ROGERS. 1\fr. Speaker, I ·offer the following amend­ment, which I send to the desk and a k to hn\e read.

The Clerk read as follows : Amendment offere<1 by Mr. ROGERS : Insert, aft<!r section 2, as a new

section. the following : ''Any alien who comes within the provisions of section 2 and who is

in the performance of his duties in a foreign country may be admitted to citizenship by a consul general or consul or the Un1ted States sta­tioned !.n sucb country : Provided, howeve1·, That the requiremf'nts of section 2 in respect to proofs and the oath of allegiance shall apply to aliens seeking citizenship under the provisions of this ectlon : And provided further That the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Labor shall jointly prescribe regulations for the adminl tration of this section."

Mr. ·MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield before he begins his argument?

1.\Ir. ROGERS. Yes. 1\fr. MADDEN. Does not that do away with all court pro-

ceedings? Mr. ROGERS. Yes. l\lr. :MADDEN. Then I think it o-qght not to be passed. , Mr. ROGERS. l\lr. Speaker, Congress last autumn passed n

law permitting repatriation of Americans who had lost their citizenship by enlisting in the armies of oi.u· allies before the United States entered the war and who bad taken the oath of allegiance to such countries, which under our laws automati· cally operated as an expatriation. That law which Congre s passed provided that citizenship could again be acquired simply by appearing before a consular officer of the United States abroad and taking the oath of allegiance to the United States. In other words, Congress has already committed it elf to the policy of permitting the acquisition of American citizenship while the seeker of citizenship is abroad. That law had the approval of both the Secretary of State and the Department of Labor, and was very carefully considered by the Committee on Immigration of the Honse as well as by the Committee on Military Affairs. I think we are all in sympathy with the purpose of tlw bill which is now under consideration. I think we want to make it easy for these American boys to acquire the name of AUlerican. citizenship in addition to posse ing the attributes of American citizen hip, which they bave sbo,Yn they already possess by their service in our Armies. Gov. SHALLEN­BERGER a few moments ago stated that there are 123,000 aliens in our draft camps to-day, all of whom will presumably be going over to France within a very few months. We do not know how long this bill will be under. consideration in Congress; JVe do not kn.ow how long it will take before it becomes a law. Even if it should be enacted promptly, many men would not realize the opportunity that was held out to them by the pro­vi ions of the law and would not take advantage of it to acquire citizenship before tbey sailed for France.

After they are in France they could, perhaps, under the amendments offered ·by :Mr .. MILLER which ·have just been adopted, in time acquire citizenship; but we all know it would be an exceedingly cumbrous and an exceedingly lengthy proce s if they should undertake to acquire citizenship over in France in >iew of the slow mail service, of the delays incident to working out tl1e mechanical processes, and of the scantine s of the information at their disposal upon the procedure to be followed. Suppose a man performs an act of great bravery; suppose a man shows himself worthy of a comm.is ion while he is in France. He can not be an officer unless he is a citizen. It may be months, it may be a year, before be gets his papers in such sbnpe that · he may receive an award of a commis ion of which his superior officers deemed him abundantly worthy and which is held up only by the fact, and the incidental fact, of his noncitizenshin.

Mr. HICKS. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. ROGERS. I will, with pleasure. Mr HICKS. 1\iy friend spoke a moment ago about the re­

patriation law which we passed last fall. Does the gentleman from Massachusetts happen to know or can he give a guess as to the number of our citizens who are now in foreign armies, that is to say, approximately?

1\Ir. ROGERS. I have no information on thnt particular point. I do recall, however, that the best estimate we could obtain of the men covered by that act was from forty to sixty thousand. It has been taken advantage of by a considerable number of men. I regret tbat ::!: can not tell the gentleman from New York bow many are left who might come within its terms or the exact number of men who ha\e already acqurred. citizenship under lt.

As I said a moment ago, Congress has establishefl the policy of granting Amed:can citizenship abroad. It <lid it in that exceedingly worthy case, and I submit to the House there can be no s~ious argument why it should not extend the pelicy so as to apply in this worthy case. The amendment

1918. 1/ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE: 3021

which I hnve offf•retl provilles that tl1e r.eg11lations ·sh«ll be tll"T"ang-oo jointly by the Secretary of State and hy tbe Secre- · ·tary <lf Labor. Tbey are til~ naturalizing and the citizenship officials -of our Cabinet. alH] they can IJe depended upon t"() sw·roun(l tbi!': pro~ess witb every possible sn.fegrum:l.

l\lr. SABATH.- Will tl1e gentleman yield for a suggestion"/ l\lr. ItOGEUS. I do. Mr. S.ABATH. Tile amendment as the gentleman ·submitted

it for con~idPJ"ation refers .to section 2? 1\lr . . ltUGEHS. Yes. Mr. SABATH. As section 1 has be-en eliminated. -section 2

will be numhe:re<.l -section 1 hy the Clerk, Rnll I suggest to the gentleman in those two particulars tlillt the gentleman change it to se: tion 1 ·

l\Ir. UOG.EHS. 1\fr. Speaker. I ask unnnirnous consPnt to 'amend ·my arnenrtrnent by !nserting ·section 1 in lien of section 2.

The SPEAKER Without objection, it is so ordered. There wa!'; n<. objec-~ion. l\1r. l\lONDELL and l\1r. l\1ILLER of l\1inne~ota ro~. The SPE~-\KEH. To whcm <I~ the gentl-eman yield? l\1r. l\10~DELL. Mr. Speaker, I clesire to be recognized in

my own r·ight. Mr. MILLER of 'Minnesot~ Mr. Speaker, may -I -make a

further sugge-stion tQ t.he g-entleman? 1\lr. ROGEUS. Cerhtinlv. 1\lr. J\1ILLEU of 1.\liune. ~tn. I gnthet~ed, when tbe Clerk read

the amendment offer·ed hy·the gentleman, H made no reference to proce(lure. ex~eirting in fl ft>w instances. and my srr~g-estion is, would it not bE:' ~Hh-L·mhl~ in that p..'lrt nf the ·gentleman's amendment in which he rt>fers to thi10: net .that be u~e the 'word "proceclurP.". If '[ bad the an1endruent before me, I ~o.uld teU ex-

. actly where it 8hm11(l conte in. l\11·. WALSH. I would like to ask mv coiiNtgtle what is the

object in allowing the Se(·I·~tHry uf State mid Secretary of J-ahor to make re;:mlations, when in section 4 the PresMent is authorized to make such regulations as may be necessa.I:y to carry out tb~ purposes of the act. I wonderec1-

Mr. UOGERS. Mr. Speakf>r, I thjnk the point is well taken, and I will eliminate tlwt 1•ortion M my amPnd.meut.

Mr. ?\IILLEU of 1\li-nnesota. That portion of the gentlernm.'s nmendmerit to wh•ch I rE:>ferrell was where it reads "'that the r-equ·iremetrts of sPction 1 in respect to proof RH<.I the oath of allegiance shall ·apply," and so forth. No\\', that does not coYer the procedure \Yhicb they are pm to {m account of taking tbe oath and suhmit1ing pro-of, and I theref-ora suggest that the wor<l "procl:'l('lm·e •· be sub.<ftituted--

Mr. ROGEHS. Be added? l\lr. l\HL'LER .of ·1\linnesota. Be rulded just abean of the

-word "proof." That also would make it conform· to section 4. which would be secti•m 3.

Mr. ROGERS. l\lr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to baYe read the amernlm~nt as mmlifiad nml thttt it be ·considered· in lieu of 'l11e amendment offk'red by me ~vbich was just re:ui.

The SPEAKER. The gentleman ask~ un~:~nhnou~ consent to have the madifiell amendment -read in lieu· of the other, which he withdraws. Is tLere objection? [.After a pause.] The Chair bears n~ne.

1\11·. FLOOD. ~ir. Speaker. I would like to know if we can nor get an ag-reemPnt. I would like to move tbe previous question 011 the bill and aU amendments--

1\lr. ~101'DELL. I would like to ba\e about five minutes. Mr. BURNETT. I would like to have about three minutes

in opposition to tl1e amendment. Mr. FLOOD. How wouW it do to say at the end of 10

mi11utes? l\11·. WALSH. I would like to know whether there are any

other amendments. l\lr. FLOOD. I have not heard of any more. l\lr. WALSH. l:'erhnps the gentleruan from Massachusetts,

my col1eague-- · l\lr. HOGERS. I have no other amendments to offer. 1\Ir. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, I ask mwnilllou:;; congent ttiat at

"tbe end of 10 minutes• debate the previous question be considered as ordere~

The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Virginia asks unani­mous consent thar at the end -of 10 minnteg the pre-vious ques­tion be considered us ordered. Is there dhjf>f'tion?

Mr . .MONDELL. 'Vll·l is to have the 10 mimTt.es? Mr. FLOOD. How 1uuch did you say ~-{)u wanted? Mr. MONDELL. Five minutes. Mr. FLOOD. And the gentlf>man from A.lahama three. l\lr. MONDELL. The gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr.

RoGERS] may desire more time. 1\fr. ROGEUS. I do not wish any more time. Mr. BURNETT. Do you mean the previous question on the

bill?

1\Ir. FLOOD. And all amendments theret'O. Tlw SPEAKER The amendnJ('nt..~:; and tbe bill to final pas·

sage. Is there objection to the requestion of the gentleman n'om Vir~nia [l\lr. FLooD] for W minute~? "[After a pause.] Tbe Chrur hears none. The Clerk will report the modified amend­ment.

The Clerk read as follows: Ame-nd~ent by 1\lr. ROGE11S • Insert. after section 1, a.s .a new section

the fol1owmg: "A.n,y allen who comrs within the provisions of c::.ection 1 nnd who Is

in ti;te perfo_rmance of his duties in a forrign country. may be admitted to citiZPnship by a C'Onsul grnrra.J or eon-sui of the United StateN sta· t~oned in sucl:J eountry: PrrJVided, however, Tnat the requirements of sec­tiOn 1 in respect to procNlurP,- proofs. and tbP oath of alleziance shall apply to aliens seeking citizenship under the provisions of this section."

l\1r. l\10NDELL. l\1r. Speaker:. a few days ago we were con­sidering tile case of alien Slackers. To-day we are consic1erin<>' the case of alien patriots. lHpny thousands of patriotic me~ citizens of the lands with wl1om we are at war. have enlisted in tl~e servke of the United States. Those men when they Teach fore1gn shores and take their places on thP b-attle line, if cap­tured -wbiJe still citizens of their native lands will be subject to. the pain~ and -penalties of tremmn. It is not altogether cer­tam that \Ve can beyond question save tbE"m from such punish­ment. What-e"Yer ·we may db, Gt>rru:my ancl Au~tria may ffi:ill claim them ns citizens anrt if captured ~·eRt them accordingly. ~)e Rhoulel at least go as far as pos.-.;ihle townrd proteding them m case of capture. We can give them the opportunity to be. come American citizens and then insi~ with a11 our might that they shall if captured be treated :~s other American citizens taken as prisoners of war. If ~his is to be <lone, as it should be for tl1ese pntriotic men, it mnRt be <ioue in a wav that will

· be e.ffecti\e, .and make it possible for them to take advantage of the Americnn citizenship we hohJ out to them and secure Ute rr~te<'tiOn that it a~OT~ls. 11 ma-y be said that What iS proposed ts trre;:mlar. th::tt th1s I!'; not a Ul':UH'I and npp1·oved procedure.

It is true it is not the pro}ler procedure fnr conferrin ... citl· zenship 1mder ordinary cowlitions, n-ut unless we mal{e., some such provision as is contained in thE> amendment offered by the gentlemnn from 1\la:;~mchusetts we mi;!ht just as well forego any attempt to bring tlwse men within the protection of American citi?.enf":hip, for some of them· are not and will not be uble to appear befort> the courts or have their cases considered by the courts in ·time to afford them the protection they de. erve. Some of tbf>m are already on foreign shores, some of them are on the ocean on their way over there, and we mu~t make it pol':sible for them to ncquirl:" citizenship in some ~uch ':ay as this amenclment -provides -or it wm be utterly liDJ>OSRible for us to protect them or·to attempt to protect them as American dtizens. That being true. it spems to me we oug-ht to wa1ve all questions of Unll!';Ual :or irreg11la.r proceed­ings. These are 1ITlURUfll anrl _exu·aordhlary cases, and we must depart fro!ll ·the u-Rnal procednt·e if we are to give these men the protection w.e seek to give them. t.et us do it in a way that will be effective by adopting the amendment offered ~Y the gentleman fr:om l.\1a!';sachusetts [l\lr. HOGEHS]. I glory rn the coura..g.e aru:1 loy.a.lty of tht:>se men., who boldly and freely offer them elves to our cause thou;tll 'h.v so doing they subject themselves to <la~ers the native horn ts not subject~d 10 •. There are no _.better patriots than tbt:>o::e men of foreign · birth. Let ns give them 'the protection of American citizenship.

The SPEAKER. The gentleman ,from Alaba.Iilll "[lUr. DUll.· NETT I is recognized for three minutes.

Mr. BUR....'\'ETT. 1\lr. Speaker, my recollection is tbat I had a conversation w·ith some gentlemnn repl'esenting the Bureau of Naturalization in regard to a que~ion of this kind anu if 1 am correct in that statement. ancl I think I am, th~ sug-g-estion was made by him that it woulcl greatl-v confu ·e the 1·ecords, aml that there would be so much uncertainty invoived in the whole question. that there . would be nothing here to determine ·the question of the citizenship for montlls perhaps after they had made th-eir attt:>rupt to acquire citizenship. Grnnting naturQ-Iization is at least a quasi jucl.icial function that is sought to be conferred on Amerka:n consuls and <'Onsuls general. lt seems to me tlmt the .1\HTier a:rriendment makes the bill go as far .as it o~ht to go unless we hnve mature. <leliberntion upon it. The committee evillently considered very ·caretuUy the other phases of the bili-·-

:Mr. SNYDER. \V'ill the gentleman answer this question? :Mr. BUHNETT~ Yes. Mr. S:l'rYDER. How long do you think It woultl ~ take under

the Miller am~nflment for a man wlm is now in France, a. soldier, who lived out in Kansa:;; somewhere, to ~t his papers back ancl become a citizen. from the time he applied'? ·

l\Ir. BURNETT. No longer. 1\Ir. Spe:iker. than it would take for the consul general or the consul to get the papers back here, if he took tJ,le testimony over there.

3022 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. MARCH 4,

Mr. SNYDER. That does not quite answer the question. I would like the gentleman's judgment on the time it would take to do what I asked. .

1\lr . .BURNETT. With the retarded mails, I would refer the gentleman, with due respect, to ·the Post Office Department, but I can not say either when the decision of the consul general would get here--

1\lr. MONDELL. What ·would be the status of the soldier in the meantime if he was captured?

Mr. BURNETT. If you conferred this judicial function upon ~ the consul or consul general, perhaps his status would be that

of a citizen. But, gentlemen, it is doubtful whether _we should thus rapidly citiz·enize. Who is the consul general? The consul general usually performs his duty over there by a deputy, and frequently that deputy is an alien himself who would pass upon that question. 'I remember at Messina the deputy consul was an Italian, who never was naturalized, and he performed the duties of a consul.,

Mr. SNYDER. Will you not kindly make an estimate of the time you think it would take to make a soldier who is now in France, who might be a resident of some city in Kansas, a citizen? ·

Mr. BURNETT. It ought not to take, Mr. Spea~er, in due course of mail, more than three or four weeks. He could mail his application and affidavits, and the judg~ would pass upon it eo instanti, because when it got there that would be the duty of the judge, and he .could pass on it in court or in chambers, as they frequently do. .

Mr. FLOOD. 1\lr. Speaker, I move the previous question on the bill and amendments. thereto to final passage.

The previous question was ordered. , The SPEAKER. The question is on the amendment offered

by the. gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr; RoaERs:] 1\lr. LONDON. 1\!r. Speaker, may we have that amendment

read again? The SPEAKER. Without objection, the amendment will be

again read. The amendment was again reported. The SPEAKER. The question is on the Rogers amendment. The amendment was agreed to. The bill as amended was ordered to be engrossed and read a

third time, was read the third time, and passed. 1\fr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, I move to amend the title of the

bilL . The SPEAKER. Without objection, the title of the bill will be amended in conformity with the text.

There was no objection, On motion of Mr. FLOoD, a motion to reconsider the vote

whereby the bill was passed was Jaid on th~ table. SOLDIERS A -n SAILORS' CIVIL RIGHTS.

Mr. 'VEBB. Mr. Speaker, r desire to call up the conference report on the bill H. R. 6361, known as the soldiers and sailors• civil rights bill. · The SPEAKER. How long will it take? ~ Mr. 'VEBB. It would not take longer than for the Speaker to put it, unless some gentleman wants to ask a question.

The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report it. The Clerk read the title of th~ bill, as follows : A bill (H. R. 6361) to extend protection to the civil rights of mem­

bers of the Military and Naval Establishments of the United States engaged in the present war. ·

Mr. WEBB. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the statement be ·read in mm of the conference report.

The SPEAKER. The gentleman from North Carolina asks unanimous consent that the statement be read in lieu of the report. Is there objection?

There was no objection. The statement was read.

CONFERENCE REPORT (NO. 334).

The committee of conference on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses on the amendments of the Senate to the bill . (H. R. 6361) to extend protection to the civil rights of members of the Military and Naval Establishments of the United States en­gaged in the present war, having met, after full and free confer­ence hale agreed to recommend and do recommend to their re-specth-e Houses as follows : ·

That the Senate recede from its amendments numbered 4, 6, 11, 12, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, and 28.

' That the Howse recede from its disagreement to the· amend­ments of the Senate numbered 1, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 16; 17, 18, 19,

. 20, 21, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, '33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 42, and 43, and agree to the sa~~·

Amendment numbered 2: That the House recede from its dis­agreement to the a~endment of the Senate numbered 2 and agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of the mat• ter inserted by said amendment insert the follo ing: "Army field clerks; field clerks, Quartermaster Corps; civilian clerks and employees on duty with the military forces detailed for service abroad in accordance with provisions of existing law"; and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 3: That the House recede from its disagreement 'of the Senate numbered 3, and agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of the matter inserted by said amendment insert the following: "or against a person secondarily liable under such right"; and the Senate agree to the same. · ·

Amendment numbered 5: That the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 5, and agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of the matter inserted by said amendment insert the following:

" SEc. 103. Whenever pursuant to any of the provisions of this act the enforcement of any obligation or liability, the prosecu­tion of any suit or proceeding, the entry or enforcement of any ordet·, writ, judgment, or decree, or the performance of any other net, may be stayed, postponed, or suspended, such stay, postpone­ment, or suspension may in the discretion ·of the court likewise be granted to sureties, guarantors; indorsers, and others subject to the obligation or liability, the performan~e or enforcement of which is stayed, postponed, or suspended.

" When a judgment or decree is vacated or set aside in whole or in part as provided in this act, the same may in the discretion of the court likewise be set aside and vacated as to any surety-, guarantor, indorser, or other person liable upon the contract or liability for the enforcement of which the judgment or decree. was entered~"

And the Senate agree to the same. Amendment numbered 13: That the House recede from its

disagreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 13, and agree to the same with an amendment as follows : In lieu· of the matter inserted by said amendment insert the word "chiefly"; and the Senate agree to the Same.

Amendment numbered 15: That the House recede from its dis· agreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 15, and agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of the matter stricken out and the matter inserted by said amendment, strike out the following in lines 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14, page 13: " , and in all cases where under the terms of the contract of insurance any person other than the insured has a vested inter· est therein the consent of such other person shall be included in such application"; and the Senate agree to the same.

Amendment numbered 40: That the House recede from its dis· agreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 40, and agree to the. same with an amendment as follows: In line 1, page 18, after the word "settlement," insert th~ words "or pay­ment of dividend "; and the Senate agree to the same. Amen~nt numbered 41 : That the House recede from its dis­

agreement to the amendment of the Senate numbered 41, and agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of the matter inserted by said amendment insert the following: "Be­fore any dividend is paid or any loan or settlement is made the written consent of the Bureau of War-Risk Insurance must be obtained " ; and the Senate agree to the same.

E. Y. WEBB, 0. 0. CARLIN, A. J. VOLSTEAD,

.Managers on the part of the House. LEE s. OVERMAN, D. U. FLETCHER,· · KNUTE NELSON'

Managers on the pa·rt of the Senate.

STATEMENT.

~he managers on t11e part of the House at the conference o~ the disagreeing votes of the two Hou~es on the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H. R. 6361) 'to extend protection to the civil rights of members of the Military and Naval Establish· ments of the United States engaged in the present war submit the following written statement explaining the effect of the action agreed on : . ·

On amendments Nos. 1, 3, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35; 36, 37, 39, and 43, on which the House recedes: A:re but changes in the verbiage and do not substantially change the meaning of the act.

On amendment No.2: The House here recedes with an amend· ment. This amendment relates to those who are entitled to come

1918. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3023 .. in nnd tmve tlu> ·lwrn>fltf'l of the net. The Rou~e hidurlM h fiel1l clerk~ who bave taken the- oath n~ metlllwr~ of the mili ury fon·es o·.: thP Unitttl Stutes." Tlw Senllte nmendetl tlw bill by striking t11 is out anti inserting "Army tield <:let·ks; field derks, Quarter­ma~er Corps; civilian clerks and employees on tlnty with the military fun-es ot· rletuiled for ~ervice abroad in accorrlnnce with proYisions of existing law." The amendment agreed upon in con­ference ro the Renate umenrlment was to strike otit the woru "or." nn<l the effect thereof is to mnke the act appfy only to Civil ia 11 clerks and eruplo::n"es when <letn iletl for service abroad.

On :tmendmPnt ~o. 4: The ~enate re«·E><Ies. The amendruent ad1led by tbe Renate was <lt>emed surplusnge.

On amendment :So. 5: The Hou~e het·e rPC·P<les with an amencl­mE>nt. The Senate amt>ndnwnt was no1leo<l to protec-t the rights of person~ seeondnr1Jy liahlP, induding :runrnntm·s. sureties. and indorsPrf:l, in cases where- relief unlle1· the term~ of thP n<'t hacl been gr:tnteotl to the prindpal obligor. 'l'he amen<lment as ag'reecl upon in eonfeorenee t'e\\Tite& the ~t><'t1on 103 a!'! acldt>tl )Jy the Senate without ~mh. tHnthtlly mc)(Jifying the meanin;:r. The JHtrt of thl:' Renate amPmlment \Yhieh pro,·ic1P~ that "fltWh enratra<'t or obli;:ration !'<hnll lw eon. truerl 3!'<· if su<>h pnym\'nt were not 1ltiP ur the time for the performanc-e of such 3et had not arriYe«l" W3!=: ~ mmlified as not to prO\' itle for a <'h:tn1--re in the date when pnrment "·a~ rlue or the- dute when the- net was to bP perfnrmed, but provi<iefl for r·elief hy n ~tay. pm;tpone­ment. or HU~pen!=:ion of prcwet:'"l!ings, or by the setting aside and Va<'nting judgment!-! or orrler·R.

On amendment 1\'o. 6: The Rennte here reee<le~. The effect of the Sennte amendment was to rE'Qnire the fa<'t to appear by Rffi­davit that thP <lefemlnnt iR in the military ~erviee. As ngree<l upon in conference. this fact may appear from any competent testimony.

On aniendments No!'. 7 and 8: The House recedes as to both nruPmtment!';. The efl'eet of these amPndments i!'< tc mnke the . prm·h;ions of thE' net applkuhle wht->re the person in military Sf'rYieP i!'< thP plnintlff as well as where he is the defendant in any netion _or pl'Oeeeding. ,

On nmen1lnwnt No. 9: The Rouse recedes. As the hill pm~~rl the Houxe relief u·as to be gi,·en the party in military service unle !'< his nhility to Mmply with the jucl;!ment or order !'<OU~ht was nut matPJ'inlly affe<'Wcl by su<·h seniee. The nmenllmt>nt agrf't'(l on makes the test depend upon his ability to conduct his defe-nse. '

On umendment No. 10:. House here recedes. This amendment mnln~ a verhnl correctinn.

On amenllnient No-:- 11: The Sl:'nnte reeerlt':'S. On aruenllrnent No. 12: The Renate re<:·etle~. The tn.Rtter- con­

tained in this Senate amen1tment !'<eemed to the conferees t.o be snffi£'iently covered by the provisions ln the bill as it passed tile House.

Un amPnoment No. 13: The House recefles with an -amendment by whic·h the- wo1·rl "goJely" is changed to" chiefly." The effect of thig change i~ appnrent.

On amen1lmt>nt 1\'u. 14: The House recedes. This amendment · makes sedion 300 apply In proce€'(lings as \Yell as .actions.

On amPntlment No. 15: 'f'he House reof'erles, with nu amend­ment "·hich stril{es out the dause requir·ing the insurerl to file with his application for the henefits p1·ovi<led the cun, ent of any pe1·son other than the ln~-'UI'etl who may have an interest in the insurance. This will leuve this mutter of rletail to he taken ca1·e uf by· the rules promulgated by the Bureau of Wnr-ltisk ln8urance.

On amendments No!';. 22. 23, 24. 25. and 2G: The Senate re­cedes as to thel"e amendment..:;. RE><·tion 402 as passe«t by the House applied to C'ontraets of im:urauce. The Senate amenll­m~:>nts wouhl make it apply to in~unmce where J)().liMes hat! heen u !'~Ued. The c-onferenee a.greement leaves the section applieuhle to all contrnc'-t!'< of inl"uranee whether eoTerefl by ]'K>Iicies or nclt.

On arnentlment No. 27: The Hou~e re<'E><Ies;. Thi~ amen<lnwnt · takes out of the . C'lnss of policies whieh the Government will keep from lapsing those on which there i~ outstandin~ a polir·y loan or other inl!ehtE><ln~~ equal to or greater than .50 per eeut of its ca~h snnender Yulue.

On amendment No. 28: 'l'he Senate recedes. Tl1is amendment was made by the Serutte to eiTe(·t the change sought to be matle to section 402 as pointed out above.

On amPndmentR Nns. 2f) and 30: The House rece<ies a..;; to the:':c. The Hou:-:e bill JH"ovided that whe.re the applications were on polkie:· u~gre~uting mm·e than $..5.000, whether on onf' or more polieies or in one or rnm·e companies hy a person in mjlitury ~ervi<'e, the Bureau of War-Ri~k Immrunf'e shoulcl se­lef't which of sueh apr11ieutinns shoulll be rejected. The.~e amcrulments permit the insured to in(litate an order ot' prefer­eut·c, und in e\'ent he does not then It required the Bureau of War-Risk Insurance to reject the policies having th~ least cash

surremler vnlue suffklent to reclu<'e the face value of the insur­ance within the $5.000~ - On amendment Nu. 38: The House recedes. Thig amendment

arltled by the Senate rPctuires semiannual statE:-meonts to be made by· the insurer to the Bureau of War-Risk Jru-;urunce.

On · amendment No. 40: The Bouse recedes with an amend· ment. This Senate amendment provides for the Government holiling the poli<'it>s on which premiums have been paid by it free fmm liens exeept such as exist-eel at the time the policy be<."ame subject to the act. ThP runPndment addetl in confPreonce prohibits the payment of dividends on the pulicy which may preju­clice the security given the Government by the lien proviued.

On amenument )l'o. 41: The House ·recl"tleH with an amend· ment. '!'his Senate ruuendruent requires the consent of the Bureau of War-Risk Insurance. in writing, before nny loan or settlement is macle by the insurer, and hy the amendment a~reetl to in conferel\ce sueh consent mu:st also be obtain-ed before any dividentl is paitl by the in~'<urer.

On amendment No. 42': The Hou. e recedes. Thi~ Renate amend­ment excepts tho~ proceedings. remedie.<~. pr·ivile~e • stays,

- limitation . aceountin~. or other tt·nns}lt'tion from the effect which ·would result from the clause limiting the net to six: months after the tt.-rmination of the- war, whPn Huthot·ized muler any se<.·tion or provision of the aet, for such time as may be neces- ary for their exercise or enjoyment.

E. Y. ''VEBR, c. c. CARLIN, A. J. VOLSTEAD,

Managers on the part of the House.

The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the <'onfer-enc·e report.

Mr. ~'!'AFFORD. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. WEBB. I do. Tll~ ~PEAI~ER. How mueh? Mr. \VEBB. Just fur a question. 1\lr. S'l'AFFOHD. \\'ill the chairman of the committee ex­

plain in. n geneo..ral W1ly whHt ehanf!eS have heen mnde in the hill HS it originally left the Bou~e. un1l particularly ns to amend­ment No. 5, cuvPrin~ se<·tion 103. which I believe is a substan­tial amendment to the bill?

1\Jr. WEBB. 1 w·W s11y, Mr. Speal{er, that the bill hns not been change(] in any sub 'tantinl <legree from t:he way it pn, ed the House. The Senate aclde<l 42 amendments. but mo~t of them we1·e verbal1 and in many cuses we substituted new language for their amendment.

Now. ns to amendment No. 5-. If the ~entleman will rearl the substitute fot· it be will notir·e tlwt that takPs <'nreo of thHse secondarily Uable. The Senate in its omendment arbitra­rily deferred the oblig11tion for payment un tlte p;Jrt of the person secondat·ily linble. but the conferees objected to that becuuse they felt that tl1ere were o<-casions when lnl!m·~'<ers for bonding companies. ought to pay the soldier··~ obligation if it appeared to the court that the soldier was bankrupt, and we. therefore drew an amendment leming tt to the cJix.c·t·etion of the court to detPrmine ,,·hethei· the indor~r or boncllng company shoultl Immediately pay the obligation of the soldier.

1\lt". STAFFORD. Is there any substantial change as to Insur­ance companies?

Mr. WEBB. No; excepting thnt we- add that no dividends should be paid to the soldier without consent of thP Gm·ern­ruent; in faet. that the dividend shoulrl be paid to the Govern­ment after t11e policy is tmnsferred to the Government.

The SPE.AK.ER. The question is on agreeing to the confer-ence report. ' ·

The conference report was agreed to.

CIYTL-SERVICE EXAM IN A 'nONS.

1\Ir. KITCHIN. 1\:lr. Speaker. to facilitate the passage of. this joint resolution rather than make a motion to suspentl the rules and pass it, I would ask for unanimous con:.;;ent for the imme­diate consideration of Senate joint resolution 117, relative to the holding of civil-servicP examinations.

The SPEAKER. The gentleman from North Carolina nsks unanimous consent for · the pres;ent consideration of Senate joint resolution 117. which the Clerk will report.

The Clerk rend us follows: Joint resolution (S. J. RPs. 117)' amending th&'nrt of Jnly 2,, 1009, gov·

erning tbf> bGiding of ('hil -servlce exnmi nations. Resolved by the Senate and House of Represe;lt4Jti~:es of tlle United

States o[ America in Congress assembled, That thE> art of .July 2, 1909 P~G Sta . L., 1), h; het·pby amf'nded so as to permit the United States Civil Service f'omm1Rslon. durin~ _th<> · pf'rlod of the war. to bold Pxami­na..tlons of applicants for positions in the Governm<>nt se1·vic€' in the Dis­tl·ict of Columbia, and to pl'rmit applicants from the s!:'VPI'RJ. States and •r€'ritories of tbe .United States to take said examinationA in tb<' said Dish·ict of Columbia. Said E-xaminations shall be pl'rrnitt<'d in addition to those required to be bcld by said act of July 2. 1909 (36 Stat. L.. 1 ).

3024 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1IAncii 4,

With the following committee amendmen-q;: Page 1, line 6, insert, after the word" the," the word "present." Line 10, after the word "Columbia," insert "and elsewhere in the

United States where examinations are usually held.'' Page 2, at end -of line 4, add : "Pt·o-r;ided, That notbln~ herein shall be so construed as to abridge

the existing law of apportionment."

The SPEAKER. Is there objection? Mr. STAFFORD. :,leserv.ing the right to object, is this the

bill that was formerly submitted by the gentleman from North Carolina [Mr. GoDWIN] for consideration 1

1\fr. KITCHIN. Yes, sir. . 1\Ir. STAFFORD. I believe when it was under consideration

before that he had no objection to certain amendments that were suggested at that time. I believe they were suggested by the gentleman from Illinois [1\Ir. FosTER]. Can the Chair in­form the House what the calendar is of this bill1

The SPEAKER. House Calendar 86. · 1\fr. KITCHIN. I will say to the gentleman from Wisconsin

that the gentleman from Illin.ois [1\Ir. FosTER] does not insist on the amendment now. He is of the opinion, as are other gen­tlemen who hJlve made the same objection to it, that the reso­lution covers the objection. The amendment of the committee covers it. ·

1\Ir. FOSTER. I am satisfied, after looking into the matter, that it does cover it, and tl1at it will not go back beyond the 12 months' time, :Jo that I see no necessity for putting that amendment in.

1\fr. KITCHIN. Each one of those who made the objection, including the gentleman from Iowa [1\Ir. DoWELL], have looked into it and have withdrawn their objections.

1\Ir. STAFFORD. The gentleman from Pennsylvania [1\Ir. ROBBINS] desired to offer an amendment to this resolution when it was considered. He was in the Chamber a few minutes ago. He desires to offer an amendment to the following effect: At the end of the proviso on page 2, to change the requirements of the e}.."isting law as to legal residence and domicile of such applicant. .

1\Ir. KITCHIN. That is absolutely unnecessary. I looked up the law myself. This resolution does not change ·the law as to residence and domicile ef applicants. It simply gives the qualified applicant the privilege of taking the examination in the District of Columbia or elsewhere when an examination is held, if he be temporarily absent from the State of his resi­dence and domicile, without compelling him to return to his State to take the examination, as the law now requires. 1\Ir. ~fcii11enny, the chairman of the Civil Service Commission, is emphatic in the opinion that this resolution does not change any of the requirements as to residence and domicile; that an applicant, if this resolution is passed, must have the same identical qualifications that he must now have under the law. ·

Mr. STAFFORD. The gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. RoBBINS] stated that he · had taken this matter up with the Civil Service Commission and had also given considerable study to the law itself, and he was of the opinion that this amend­ment should be incorporated. I can not see where any harm can be done by incorporating it.

Mr. KITCHIN. We would like this to be a law at the earliest possible moment.

l\fr. STAl!.,FORD. I do not desire to delay. Mr. KITCHIN. I will assure the gentleman that the gen­

tleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. RoBBINS] is mistaken in his construction, and that his proposed amendment is unnecessary; that tl~e resolution itself as it is accomplishes what he wishes. If he \Yere here, I think I could convince him. The plain lan­guage is to permit the applicant, who must be a qualified appli­cant under existing law, to take t11e examination in the Dis­trict or State 'vhere he is temporarily, instead of requiring him to go back to his home State. For instance, in Wiscon­sin--

Mr. ST~<\FFORD. Will not the gentleman kiridly defer con­siderntion of this measure until the geQ.tleman from Pennsyl­\anhi comes into the Chamber?

Mr. KITCIDN. We have postponed this a half a dozen times until some gentleman or other came in.

l\lr. STAFFORD. I would even be willing to have an order made to consider it to-motrow under a suspension of the rules.

1\fr. KITCHIN. The gentleman by a reading of it will see that this resolution needs no amendment to prevent what the gentleman from Pennsylvania fears.

l\lr. FESS. l\11·. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? l\lr. KITCHIN. I wilL J1.11·. FESS. In conversation with the man who has charge

Qf til'-' allotments from the Civil Service Commission in the

Ordnance Department I was told that the present practice was very hurtful and quite inconvenient, and without this bill under the present regulations people would be sent back, and that it would be very hurtfuL He urged that it be passed.

Mr. KITCHIN. I am glad the gentleman called the attention of the House to the necessity of early passage of the resolu­tion. A member of the War Trade Board has been to see me not less than three times urging it. Mr. Mcilhenny, chairman of the Civil Service Cominission, and 1\Ir. Gans, a member of the War Trade Board, came down four or five days ago to see the gentleman from Massachusetts [1\fr. GILLETT] and myself. I will say that the gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. GIL­LETT], who, has just stepped out, favors the bill, and both of us were convinced that the ::esolution should not be . delayed longer. Here is what this will remedy-_-

Mr. STAFFORD. I understand the whole purpose of the bill, but I have not given as much thought to the amendments as the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. RoBBINS] has, and in his absence I am acting in his stead.

Mr. KITCHIN. If the gentleman will permit me, he will remember that before our holiday recess the gentleman from Oklahoma [Mr. C.ABTER], member of the Committee on Reform in the Civil Service, attempted to get this bill or a similar bill .without the present amendments up by unanimous consent. I objected, because I thought it ought to be amended. It came over from the Senate. The Committee on Reform in the Civil Service, as I recollect, had reported the bill or resolution with­out amendment.

Mr. STAFFORD. I think the gentleman is in error. The bill was not reported until the Ini(ldle of .January.

1\Ir. KITCHIN. Oh, no; I am not mistaken as to what took place with regard to this or n. similar bill unamended.

Mr. STAFFORD. Oh, yes. Mr. KITCHIN. Such a bill or resolution came over from the

Senate just before we adjourned for Christmas, nnd ; ; was sought to take it up in the House. ~

Mr. STAFFORD. It never came into this House until Janu:­ary 4.

1\Ir. KITCHIN. Evidently since the holidays another bill or resolution was introduced and sent over here. The gentleman from Oklahoma the day we adjourned or the day before asked that the bill or· a similar bill without the present amendments be considered. The gentleman from Oklahoma [1\lr. C.ABTER] will recall that.

Mr. CARTER of Oklahoma. Yes; that is true. · 1\Ir. KITCHIN. The gentleman from Oklahoma came to me

with some k.il}d of a bill or joint resolution to amend the civil­service act so that parties could take their examinations here instead of going back home, and I objected to it because the amendments now in the resolution were not in it.

1\fr. CARTER of Oklahoma. Yes. Mr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. How much time '\\ill this bill

take if unanimous consent is granted? ' Mr. KITCHIN. Oh, it is just a page and a half long. 1\Ir. CAMPBELL of Kansas. Will it provoke-discussion? 1\Ir. KITCHIN. We are ·discussing it now, and as soon as we

get unanimous consent it will pass; I hope, without any further discussion.

1\Ir. l\IONDELL. 1\Ir. Speaker, reserving the right to ob­ject-and I ·shall not object-! do, however, want to call at­tention to the condition of affairs that renders tllis sort of legislation seemingly necessary. It seems that ther..e are a large number of people here from the various States of the Union, \Vho, it is to be assumed, came here with the under­standing that they were to obtain positions in the Government departments. A large number of them nre now holding tem­porary positions. ·who brought these people here? Where did they come from? On whose invitation <lid they come here? Did any gentleman on the Republican side suggest to any cop.­stituent that there was a chance of securing a job, however in­significant or temporary, without passing a civil service ex­amination? I imagine not. These folks rn me here, did they not, oo the invitation of gentlemen on the Democratic side? "Yes, come on," we can imagine the gentlemen on the Demo­cratic side saying to tlleir inquiring -constituent. , " there are opportunities galore, plenty of jobs for deserving Democrats. Come ye all; come ye all. Come to Washington. Your Uncle Sam will give you n good job instanter on the recommendation of a Democratic Congressman or Senator." And they are here in large numbers; good folks, no doubt, well intentioned prob­ably. It is not their fault that they have been brought here without an understanding of the situation as a parf of· the patronage of Democratic Congressmen and Senators; but that every one of them is a deserving Democrat, or a Democrat who claims · to be deserving, there is no manner or sort of

1918. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 3025 c:Joubt. What we on this sic:Je are asked to do is to give an opportunity to Democrats who have been brought- from hither aUtl yon. invited here by their Congressmen or their Senators, nml gh·en tP-mporary employment to fill up the Government senice-we are now asked to gi>e these people an oppor­tunity to take the civil servic-e examinations in order that they may become permanently attached to the Federal crib. Well, I think probably some of them at least m·e needed, and it is hanlly fair to compel them to go back home to take the examinations. We wiJl try and overlook the fac~ that prob­ably few, if any, of our political faith will be aided or affected by the legislation. I cun say that with knowledge, so far as I aru per onally concerned. And yet I am very glad to have this done. In fnrt I think it is necessary and important under the circumstance£ thn t It should be done.

~lr. COX. Will the gentleman yield? 1\lr. 1\IONDELL. Yes. 1\lr. COX. There are two from my district and both are Re­

publicans. 1\Ir. 1\lONDELL. What Democratic Congre sman invited

them here? l\Ir. COX. I did not do it. [Laughter.] The SPEAKER. Is there objection? 1\lr. STAFFORD. Reserving the right to. object, the gentle­

man from Pennsylvania [1\lr. RoBBINS] is on his way here from l1is office. Will not the gentleman defer the case for a few minutes?

.Mr. l\1ADDEN. The regular order! The SPEAKER. Is there objection? Mr. STAFFORD. If that reasonable request can not be

granted, I will object. 1\fr. KITCHIN. 1\lr. Speaker, I move to suspend the rules

and pass the Senate joint resolution as amended by the House Committee on Reform in the Civil Service.

The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the bill with the amendment.

The Clerk read as follows: Joint resolutJOn (S. J. Res. 117) amending the act of July 2, 1009,

goveming the holding of civil-service examinations. Resolved, eto., That the act of July Z, 1900 (36 Stat. L., 1), is

ber~>by amended so as to permit the United States Civil Service Com­mission, during the period of the present war, to bold examinations of appllcants for positions in the Government set·vice in the District of Columbia, and to permit applicants from the several States and Ter­ritories or the United States to take said examinations in the said District of Columbia and eil:;ewhPre in the United States where ex­aminations are usually held. Said examinations shall be permitted In addition to those required to be held by said act of July 2, - HlOO (36 Stat. L . 1) : Prot•ided, That nothing herein shall be so construed as to abridge the existing law of appurtionment.

The SPEAKER Is a second demanded? l\lr. STAFFORD. I demand a second. Mr. KITCHIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that n

second be considered as ordered. The SPEAKER. Tbe gentleman from North Carolina asks

unanimous consent that a second be considered as ordered. Is there objection?

Mr. STAFFORD. I object. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Wisconsin objects, and

the Chair appoints as tellers the gentleman from Wisconsin [l\lr. STAFFORD 1 and the gentleman from North Carolina [Mr. KITCHIN] to act a tellers.

The committee divided; an(! there "·ere 102 ayes and 3 noes. The SPEAKER. The gentleman f1·om North Carolina is en­

titled to 20 minutes :ind the gentleman from Wisconsin to 20 minutes.

Mr. STAFFORD. 1\lr. Speaker, I yield five minutes to the gentleman from Pennsylvania [1\lr. RoBBINs].

1\Ir. ROBBINS. 1\It·. Speaker. the purpose of this bill is to enable those who wish to enter the Government employment who come here to take the civil-service examination. The pres­ent law requires them to take the examination in the district in wWch they reside. Tbis bill propo~es to permit them to take it in Washington City or elsewhere, wherever they hap­pen to be.

Now, there is, I think, an amendment that ought to go in the !Jill in order to protect the various districts against an unfair assignment of civil-service employees against them. For in­stance, if a man has lived in Washington 25 or 30 rears, held ­a Government position. raised a family, and that man still con­tinues to go back in presidential years to his district to vote, he is a resident of that district and under the civil-service law be is charged against that district. The children that ha\·e grown up in his family. if this bill is passed, can ta·ke an examination in 'Vashington City, take a Government position 1mder the civil-service law, ~d y<.'t be assigned Ol.' charge(!

against the district of the parent's residence, although they have never lived a day therein. .

I am speaking of a concrete example that occurred in my own district. I know a man that has not .been in my rlistrict except on presidential-election days, and not always then, who holc1s office in Washington, enjoys a large salary, and is charged against my district. His family, if thi bill passes, will be entitled to take GoYernment service, be examined here in Wash­ington City by the Civil Service Commission, and be charged up against my district, to the exclusion of bonn fide res ident3 there who should be charged against it, anti no others slwuld be so charged.

l\lr. 1\IADDEN. 'Vill the gentleman yield? 1\lr. ROBBINS. I would like to finh~b my statement. 1\lr. MADDEN. I want to ask a question right here. Does

not this bill provide that whoever takes the civil -~ervice exami­nation in this bill within the District of Columbia shall be chan~el1 to thf' District of Columhia?

Mr. ROBBINS. No; it proyides on page 2, line 4: P-rovided, That nothing herein shall be so coustrued as to abrluge the

existing Ia w of apportionment. The purpose of that amendment was to cover the cases where

the people had lived all their lives in the .District that they should - be charged back to their district from which their parents came.

Now. I )1ropose an amendment to be added to the proviso after the end of line 5, in these worus: "Or clmnge the require­ments of the existing law as to legal residence and domicile of such applicant."

Not only is the man who applies in the District of Columbia to be resident of some uistlict, if he is to be charged a~p.inst his home district; but he ought to ha>e a domicile in that dis­trict if he is to be charged up against it. In other words, the concrete example which I have in mind, which confronts e>ery l\Iember of the House~ is that the men who are living in the District of Columbia. haYe been born and raised here, or lun·e lived here so long that they are 11ot attached to any distt·ict and do not vote in any congre s ional district, ought to be charged to t11e District of Columbia and not to the respective district from which their parent came.

Mr. BORLA.l\1). l\1r. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. ROBBINS. Yes. l\lr. BORLAND. If these GoY.ernment clerks are so under­

paid nnd badly treated as they claim to be, ''hY does anyone want to come from any district, why should it be any attmction to anyone? .

1\fr. ROBBINS. Oh, that is foreign to what I am trying· to discuss. The gentleman enjoys a monopoly upon that theme, and I shall not invade his province.

l\lr. BORLAND. . I \"ant to know why the gentleman is in-sisting upon this as a ri.ght.

l\lr. GILLETT. l\lr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? 1\lr. ROBBINS. Yes. l\11~. ·GII;..LETT. Why does the ()'entleman faYOI' haYing- other

men from his uistrict come down here and become practically aliens from the district and be charged up against t11e dis­trict, rather than to have the children of those \Yho are here. I should think the gentleman would rather keep people at home.

l\lr. ROBBINS. I would. . The SPEAKER pro tempore (l\Ir. CALDWELL). The time of

the gentleman from Pennsylvania has ex:pirea. l\1r. ROBBINS. I will ask the gentleman from Wisconsin to

grant me fi>e minutes more. 1\Ir. STAFFORD. 1\!r. Speaker, I yield fi>e minutes more to

the gentleman. Mr. ROBBINS. 'Vhat I want to do is thi.·. Take tile-cnse of

a man who comes here and wi hes to enter· tire GoYemmer:.t service. If be wants to take the examination out!';icle l)f his district, he must not only ha>e a residence in the district but he must be domiciled there also. Then he can be charged up against the district. That is a fair requirement. If the e offices are to be filled up and apportioned to the >arion:- con­gressional districts of tl1e Nation, anc:J that i right, then the men \Vho are charged against our districts should he re. itlent. of our districts; but that is not enough, bec:lu!';e the mlln that I speak of has a residence in my district, but i not rlomitiied there. He comes bark there every presidential election, and parades up and down. and claims that he carries that \list rict in his pocket, and yet at the same time he is not <lomiciletl there. I want the children of this man, or any other rrsi<lent who comes here to 'Vashington and who is to he charg-ed n:.rninst my district and against your district, not only to be n rc. itlent of my district or your dish·ict but to bave a <.Iomicile there a I so. This. amendment merely proYides for that thing, that the~· !'haD

.

3026. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. J\lARcrr 4,

not only be rel'lirlents. but must be domiciled there. J do not happen to have the civil-service act before me, but I bave rend it in connection 'vith this- _proposed law, ~d I want to n;J.ake that specific pro\"ision very cleru·, and that is .the object of this amendment. It does not ·change the pm·pose of th~ bill, but does clinch that fact.

Mr. STEVENSON. I lwve a great mnny stenographers who ha>e come up here at the solicitation of the departments, who now have to take civil- ervice examinations before they can continue perm:lllently in the departments. To return to take the examination would invol>e a · thou and miles of travel. Would the gentleman's amendment affect them? -

1\Ir. ROBBINS. Oh, no. Those people have a residence in the gentleman's district, and a domicile there as well. This amendment strikes only at people who live here in the city of W!lshington, wh::> hav-e li-ved -here for yeaTs, who are tbe sons of people who haYe come on from some <listr!ct or from my district an<l are charged against those districts, but who have no domicile in the gentleman's district or in mine. I tdo not think it is right that tlley should be charged against our dis­tricts. The people the gentleman speaks of have a residence and a. domicile in hi'S district, and it is proper tha.t they should be charged against the gentleman's district. They must be charged some place. ,

1\lr. LUFKIN. Does the gentleman contend that -the children of his constituent who has nved here for 2a years and who has maintained a voting residence back in the district, can go back there and take the ci:vil-serv:ice examination as residents of his district? -

Mr. ROBBINS. They can not go back there certainJy. They ha>e no other residence. but they bave no domicile there whicll the raw :requires.

1\lc. LUFKIN. They must have a domicile there under exist­ing law.

Mr. ROBBINS. Then, they can not go back there. Mr. LUFKIN. 'l'hen, they have to take the examination here,

and they must be charged here. Mr. ROBBINS. That is it ex::actly. Jl.lr. LUFKIN. Then, this bill does not change it in the least. Mr. ROBBIN~. Yes, it does. This amendment I proposQ

pre>ents them being charged against my disn·ict. but they can be charged against the District of Columbin where they .have a domicile as well as a residence.

Mr. LUFKIN. There is an · amendment proposed here : Pr.ot'idcd, That nothing herein shall be so construed as to abridge tbe

existing l!!w of apportionment. 1\lr. ltOBBJN S. That is .all right as to a,pportionment, but I

waut to go furthe1· and ha'\:e this amendment : -That It shall not chan~e the requirements of existing law as to the

local rcslUenc£> aml domicile . of sucb applicants. I wnnt "domicile" put iu there, because I consider that is an

impo :·tant fnct in determining the districts against which appli­cants shall be chnrged.

1\lr. FESS. Will tile gentleman yield? 1\lr. ROBBINS. I will. 1\fr. FESS . . Woulrl the amendment of the gentleman preclude

the appojutment of anybody who is domiciled here and has no domicile elsewhere?

1\11·. ROBBINS. Not at all. They will be appointed from the District of Columbia. It only provides that a man wbo has a domklle here and a residence here and was born here must be appointed and charged to this district and not to the district from whence his father came and where his father maintains the right to vote.

1\Ir. CARTER of Oklahoma. What tte gentleman's amend­ment does is to substitute in the civil-service law the word

-" domicile " for the word " residence." 1\Ir. ROBBINS. No; I retain both. 1\lr. CARTER of Oklahoma. •rne gentleman adds the word

"domicile." l\1r. ROBBINS. That is the idea. I simply add "domicile"

to the ,·vord "residence," so that be must be cl1arged to the district where be is both domiciled and resident; ha>ing a domi­cile in the District or Columbia, he must be charged here to the district.

l\lr. KEARNS. Will the gentleman yield? 1\Ir. ROBBINS. Certainly. 1\1r. KEARK '. Take a case where a mun comes llere from,

say, Indiana ancl TI"ho bas a position llere as a clerk in one of the department.. He nnd his family have moved here, and he is liYill~ here 'vith his family, althougll he is credited to some uistrict in In<linnn--

'l'he RPEAFI.JR The orne of the gentleman hns expired. l\Ir. STAFFOHn. DDes the gentleman desire more time? Mr: HOBB!J..TS. T\\O minutes more.

1\lr. STAFFORD. I yield the gentleman five minutes addi­tional.

1\ir. KEARNS. Suppose one of his children would want to take an e.x:a.mination, ·and passes a successful examination, and be appointed, would he be credited to the same distrjd? ·

1\Ir. ROBBl.L~S . He would-ha.~ to have a domicile in Indiana, otherwise he would be credited to the Di. trict of Colwnbiu.

1\Ir. KEARNS. Suppose this boy wanted to go back to hi father's old home or his voting distr:ict and vote. Would that estop the boy from voting?

Mr. ROBBINS. No; that does not affect any qualifications for voting. This is not a vo-ting law, this h ! a civil-service law witl1 reference to th~ apportionment of the vai"ious persons who wish to enter the civil ervice from the varic·us States.

l\Ir. KEARNS. I think that is a -very important matter. Mr. ROBBINS. But it does not affect that. Your voting

qualification is fixed in the constitution of your State. nncl nothing Congress could do woul<l in any way impair or curtail or limit that.

Mr. KEARNS. Suppose I certified my domicile and perhaps my residence is here in the District of Columbia?

1\lr. ROB.BINS. You would ·have to get your appolntment where your domicile and 1·esidence are un<ler this bilL

Mr. KEA.R~S. This boy 1 was talking about, his domicile would be here if he was credited to tfue District of Columbia?

M1·. ROBBINS. He would 'have to get his appointment be~e. 1\lr. KEARNS. E>en 'Then he goes to vote in Indinna-­l\Ir. ROBBINS. That does not affect it. :Residence is a ques-

tion of intention . . Mr. ROSE. Will the gentleman yield? 1\lr. ROBBL rs. I "ill. Mr. ROSE. I presume then there are clerk in the employ

of the United States Govemment who ha>e never seen the distrjct from which they are credited for 40 year under the gentleman's statement?

Mr. ROBBINS. Why, there are some of them, 1 suppose, but I have only this ~oncrete example in ·mind. because it is unfair to my district, and the worki:ng out of this pl"oposition was very unfair in that it rfi1led up the quota ·of my district with appointments from the District of . Columbia to the ex­cJusjon of bona fide residents of my district who de erve ·tllese places, and tllat is the reason w.hy r cling o tenaciously to the amen<lment, which I think should be pnt in tbe bill now.

Mr~ .COOPEH. of Wisconsin. Will the gentleman from Penn­sylvania permit me to Tead what is the lega,l definitio.u of "resident ' and "domicile"·?

l\1r. ROBBINS. I yield. Mr. COOPER of Wisconsin. I tl1ink there bas been some

contradiction here in the ilistinction given to the wurds "domi­cile" and " residence," respecti:vely., and I inv<ite the attention of the gentleman and the membership af the House to what Boulier snys, in his law dictionm.·y, in ·defining "residence" nn!l "domicile."

Ueside.nce indica-tes permanancy of ,occupation as ill tinguisbed from lodging, or boarding, or temporary occupation, but do not include so much as domicile which requires an intention continued with resi­dence.

1\Ir. ROBBI!'\S. That is true. l\h·. ·COOPER of 'Visconsin. I understood t 1e gentleman to

say that the re ident was not a man living in a place. but who intends making the place his home. I notice in Bouvier's definition of domicile, he says :

Domicile is tbnt place wber£> a .man has tru£>, .fixed, anti ·permanent home and principal establishment, and to which wheneve1· be is absent he bas the intention of returning.

He also ays: Two things must concur to establish domicile-the fact of residence

and the intention of remaining. These two must exist or must have existed in combination.

l\1r: ROBBINS. There is no quari"el with that law. 1\lr. COOPER of Wi consin . . How does that agree with tlle

gentleman's amendment? 1\.Ir. ROBBINS. Perfectly, because the amendment ~nl~·

means that a man must have :i domicile and residence. He can swear that it is his intention to maintain his residence in Penn· sylvania if he works in Washington. This is a temporary place, although he Uves here. He can go back there if he i in the Gov­ernment sendee. He do ·not vote here. A. re "dence in Wash­ington does not preclude the elector from ex:ercisina hi:s elec­toral franchise. But domicile is a fact That is the place where he actually liveS' and maintains his abode. ·

1\Ir. COOPER of WISconsin. I under ta.nd the gentleman to say that the children who are here must llaYe, for instance, a home in your <listrict, to whieh they must return . Mr~ .UOBBJNS. If tl1ey are to be cbnrged by the Civil Serv·

ice Commi~sion as coming from my distr~t. It "ould be mani·

1918. CONGRESSIONAL RECO~D-HOUSE.

fe. tly unfair for those who have their domicile or abode here, but never go to my ui. trict to bE> appointed under the civil­service law as coming from and residing in niy district. This amendment makes the Jaw dear and specific as to what Con­gre~!'l intends to do, anu I hope the amendment may be adopted.

'l'he SPEAKER. The gentleman can not amenu this except by unanimous consent.

l\11·. KITCHIN. Mr. Speaker, I think .the gentleman from Pennsylvania-- -

The SPEAKER. Who has the floor? Mr. KITCHIN. I have taken it. I think the gentleman from

Pennsylvania miscon trues the language of this resolution. I am for exactly the same thing that the gentleman from

Pennsylvania [Mt". RonmNs] is for. anu I would not be in favor of the resolution at all unless it safeguar<led the objects he wishes to accomplish. I ht~ve no serious objection to his amen<lment, because it in no way affects the resolution, as it would mean the same thing without as with his amendment. If be woulu read this resolution, he would find his amendment does not add to it at all. The only thing-as I explained before the gentleman came in-that this resolution doe is just simply to provide that a qualified applicant, who must be qualified .under the act of 1909 as to re idence anu domicile, can take the exam­ination in the District of Columbia or any State in which he happens to be without being required to return to his O\''n State in which to take the examination. No right of apportionment under the pre::;ent law is abriuged, according to the expressed pro,vision of the resolution. The qualification of an applicant, so far as his residence and domicile arE> con<'erneu, remains by the re olution as it is under existing Ia w. He must be both a resident and domiciliary of the S tate to which be is charged for the 12 months next preceding the date of the examination. Now, this act does not take away from any qualification of the appli­cant. He must still be a resident anrl still be a domiciliary of the State to which he is credi ied for the 12 months next preced­ing the elate of the examination.

And the only thing this does is to permit that qualified appli­cant, say, of Wi~consin, who has been a domiciliary and actual resiclent of that State for the 12 months next preceding the date of examination, if hE> is here, temporarily absent in the cUs­trict or in another State, to take the examination irr the DiRtrict or such State instead of being required to go back to Wisconsin and take the examination there. But he will be charged or credited to Wisconsin. If he takes it here in the District, he is charged up to Wi cousin and not to the District of Columbia. However, if that applicant bad remaine<J here in the District for 12 months, then he would be charged or apportioned to the District. The gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. RoBBINS] is clearly mi$taken in asRuming that under this resolution an ap­plicant who, coming here, say, from Wisconsin years ago, could take the examination here and be charged to Wisconsin. If he bud been here for the 12 months preceding the examination, he would be charged to the District. Therefore, what the gentle-_ man fears could not takE> place, but if he is serious, and I think he is, in wanting to doubly and specifically safeguard the situa­tion which he fears, I do not object to his amendment, and will therefore ask unanimous consent to let him put that amend­ment in.

Mr. GILLETT. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. KITCIDN. Yes. Mr. GILLET'£. Are you sure that this amendment accom­

plishes just what he mtends? I am not certain as to that. l\1r. ROBBINS. That is the whole purpose I want to reach.

I Sllbmitted this amE>ndment over the telephone to the Civil Service Commission, becnuse it struck me right away that the danger that we s::tw in this act was one that was really serious to the apportionment under the Civil Service Uornmission.

1\lr. STAFFORD. 1\tr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent, if the gentlE>man will yield. to have the suggested amendment read for information. ·

1\lr. KITCHIN. I will read it in my time. The SPEAKER. 'Vithout- objection, the statement will be

read. Mr. KITCHIN. After the proviso in the resolution add the

words u or change the rE>quirements of existing law as to legal residence and domicile of sucl1 applicant.''

As the gentleman from Oklahoma [l\1r. CARTER] knows, I at first made the same objection to the original bill presented be­fore the bearing. After the Committee on Reform in the Civil Service bad put in the present amendmE>nts I was convinced that the ·resolution was nll right and was not open to the ob­jections made.

1\lr. CARTER of Oklahoma. I will say that the gentleman from North Carolina ma<le practically the same suggestion to me about the resolution prior to the holidays.

1\fr. KITCHIN. It makes it all right. Here is what ~It-, 1\Icllhenny writE's:

Special attenbon is invited to the fact that tbf' rPsolution llH~rely proposes to amend that part of the act of July 2, 1909, which rt' quircs a person to be examined in the place where IH' has establishPll his rl'si­dence, and the other part of the act Is to remain ln full foree and effect which rPquires that, bf'fore a person can be examined an \'Where, be must establish actual domicile in the place of his rPsiflenr-e. ·

l\lr. JOH~SON of Kentucky. 1\Ir. Speaker, will the geutlc­man yield?

1\Ir. KITCHIN. Yes. l\Ir. JOHNSON of Kentucky. The gentleman from North

Carolina and the gentleman from Wisconsin had some discus­sion as to the meaning of the word "residence" and of the word "domicile." A gentleman sitting near has given a definition of "domicile., which I think is quite pertinent. A uomicile "fr-om" is the place from which he is home, and when " to " he is said to be "to home." [Laughter.]

1\Ir. ROBBINS,_ I was starting out a moment ago, 1\fr. Speaker, to· state that I bad reau this over the telephone to the Civil SE>rvice Commission. I would not, of course, offer an amend­ment to a bill affecting that commission without consulting them. But 1\Ir. 1\lcllbenny thought it was already sufficient. After dj cussing it, he said be thought it would do no harm, because it simply amplified what it should be.

1\Ir. KITCHIN. To make doubly sure and to facilitate the passage of the resolution I ask unanimous consent, l\11·. Speaker, that the gentlem:m's amendment may go in after the word '1 apportionment " On the SeCOlld page.

The SPEAKER. The gentleman from North Carolina asks unanimous consent that the amendment be inserted at the proper place. ·Is there objection?

There was no objection. 1\It·. KITCHIN. Now, 1\fr. Speaker, I moye to suspend the

rules and pass the resolution as amended. The SPEAKER The question is on suspending the rules and

pas ing the resolution embodying the amendments. The question was taken; and two-third~ haYing voted in the

affirmative, the 1,·ules were suspended and the Senate joint reso~ lution was passed.

On motion of 1\lr. KITCHIN, a motion to reconsider the vote whereby the Senate joint resolution was passed was laid on the table.

LEAVE OF ABSENCE.

1\fr. LEHLBACH, by unanimous con ent (at the request of 1\Ir. BROWNING), was granted leaYe of absence indefinitely, on ac­count of death in his family. CUTTING TIMBER ON,. COCONINO AND TUSAYAN NATIONAL FORESTS,

ARIZ.

1\lr. HAYDEN. 1\Ir. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent tQ re.. cur to No. 59 on thE> Unanimous Consent Calendar, H. n. 273. Objection was made before to the consideration of that bill. I now ask that Senate bill 389, an identical bill on the Speaker's table, be considered in lieu of this bill.

The SPEAKER. The gentleman asks what? 1\fr. HAYDE_ ·. To return to No. 59 on the Unanimous Con­

sent Calendn r. The SPEA . .KER. The gentleman from Arizona asks unani­

mous consent to return to No. 59 on the Unanimous Consent Cal­endar, Hou ·e bill 273. Is there objection?

1\.fr. COOPER of Wisconsin rose. The SPEAKER. For what purpose does the gentleman from

Wiscon in rise? 1\fr. COOPER of Wiscon in. I do not like to consent to take

up a bill that I know nothing about. I shall object to consider­ation. Can not that go over two weeks just as well as not?

Mr. HAYDEN. I ask unanimous consent, 1\Ir. Speaker, t11at the bill remain on the calendar as it was; that the bill retain its place on tile Unanimous Consent Calendar.

The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Arizona asks unani­JDOUS consent that the House bill 273 retain its place on the Unanimvu~ Consent Calendar and go over without prE>judice. Is there objection?

1\lr. FOSTER. At the foot of the calendar. 1\ir. FORDNEY. Do not do that. Let it take its place. Mr. COOPER of Wisconsin. I reserve the right to object,

unle~s the ·senate bill is different from the House bill. 1\Ir. HAYDEN. I \Yant the Hou e bill to retain its place on

the calendar. 'Objection was made to it some time ago. I will offer the Senate bill t\Yo weeks from to-day.

1\Ir. FOSTER. l\1r. Speaker, I think it ought to go to the foot of the calendar. '

T11e SPEAKER. The gentleman from Illinois object!': unless it goes to the foot of the calenuar. Is there objection with that condition?

There was no objection?

3028 CONGR~SSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE. ~f.ABOH 4,

LEA YE TO EXTEND REMARKS.

Mt. SABATII. Mr~ Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to extenu my r emarks on -H. R. 91u9.

Mr. GILLE TT. What bill is that? :r.Ir . . SABATH. The naturalization bill which we passed a..

little while ago. . The SPE Ah.'"EH.. Is there objection? There was no objection. ·

BRIDGE ACROSS FOX RIVER, ~;

Mr . CAMPBELL of Ransas. l\11~. Speaker, on the Unanimous Consent Ca lendm the next bill is H. R. 7998. I ask unanimous consent for its immediate consideration.

The SPEAKER. Is it on the calendar? 1\H. CAMPBELL of Kansas. It is on the calendar, the riext

bill. 1\fr. KITCHIN. What is it, a bridge bill? -.

. Mr. CAMPBELL of of Kansas. A little bridge bill. The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the bil1 by title. The Clerk read the title of the bill (H. R. 7998) granting the

consent of Congre s to the village of'East Dundee and the villnge of West Dundee to construct a bridge across the Fox River. · The SPEAKER. Is· there objection to the· present considera- ·

tion of this bill? There was no objection. The b'ill was read, as follows : If"e it enacted, etc., That the consent of Congress is heTeby · granted

to the villag(' of East Dundee- and the village of West Dundee, in the county of· Kan-e, 1n the State- of lllinols; to construct, maintain, and opera.te a bridge and approaches thereto . across the Fox. River from Main Stre.,t in East Dundee· to l\lain Street · in West Dundee, in the county of Kane, in the State of IllinCJis, In- aecordance with the pt'ovi­sions of the act enti tied ".An act to regulate the: constructlon:.of bridges over navigable waters," approved· 1\la.rch 23, 1906.

SEc. 2. •.rbat the right to alter, amend, or repeal this · act is hereby expressly reserved.

The SPEAKER. Tlie question is on the engrossment and. third reading of th'e- biU.

The b111 -was· ordel'ed. to· be engro_ sed and read · a. third time, and was accordingly rend' the third time and passed.

On motion of Mr. CA?.fPBELL of Kansas, a motion to reconsider tbe.last vote wa."i laid on the table. .

Mr. STAFFORD. 1\Ir. Spenker~· I make>· the- point of ordE.'r that there is no quorum present.

The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Wisconsin makes the point of order that there is ne quorum. present. Evidently there is-not.

ADJOURNMEN'l':"

Mr. KITGffiN. I move- that the> •House. dO. now· adjourn. The motion was agreed to; a~cordingly (at 5 o'clock and 6

minutes pi· m.) the House adjourned. until to-morrow, Tuesday, March 5, 1918; rrt 12 o'cl0€k .noon. ·

REPORTS-OF COl\IMITTEES ON' PRIV ATE .BILr;s AND RESOLUTIONS.

Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, private bills- and resolutions were severally reported from committees, delivered to the Clerk, and .d'eferred to the Committee of the Whole House, as follows:

1\Ir. SHERWOOD, from the Committee on Invalid Pensions, to which was referred the-'b.:ill (H. R~ 10225) striking from the pension roll the name of Jennie l\1. Heath, reported the same without amenrlment, accompanied by· a report (No. 354), which said biU and report were referred to the Private Calendar.

Mr. CRAGO, from the Committee on Military Affairs, to which was· referred the- bill (H. R. 925) ·for the relief of Thomas J. Rose, reported the· same without amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 356), which sa.id bill and report were referred to the Private. Calendar~

REPORTS OF COl\fl\liTTEES . ON PUBLIC ' BILLS ANn RESOLUTIONS.

Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, Mr. LINTHICUM, from the Committee on Foreign Affairs~ tO<

which was referred ' thP bill ' (H: R. 10243) to sup}Jlement exist­ing legislation relative to the United States Court for Chjna and to increase the serviceability thereof, reported the same with amendment; accompanied by a. report (No. 355), which said bill and report were referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union.

PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, A.NU MEl\IORIALS.

Under clause 3 of Rule XXII, bills, resolutions, and memorials Were introduced ami -severally refen-ed as ·follows:

By 1\Ir. HICKS: A bill (H. R. 10431) to define p-eces ary . skilled labor· engaged in necessary agricultUral enterprise for

the purposes of .the· selective draf t. and to authorize the Secre­tary or War to grant fUrlough with or without pay and al1ow­ances to enlisted men of the Army-of the United States, ami for other purposes; to the Committee on Military Affair .

By Mr. LENROOT: A bill (H. R. 10432) to abolish the office of receiver of public moneys at Wausau, Wis., and for other purposes; to the Committee on the Public Lands.

By Mr. CANTRILL: A bill (H. R. 10433) to authorize the city of Winchester, Ky., to divert water from the pool in the Kentucky River formed by Lock and Dam No. 10; to the Com­mittee on Interstate and Foreign. Commerce.

By 1\Ir. MONTAGUE: A bill (H. R. 10434) to release certain fixtures in building on post-office site at Richmond, Va., inad­vertently emb-raced in condemnation; to the Committee on Pub­Ire Butldings and Grounds.

By 1\fr. McFADDEN: A bill (H. R. 10435) to exempt from taxation certain property of the Daughters of the American Revolution in Washington; D. 0.; to the Committee on the Dis· trict of Columbia.

By Mr. CLARK of Florida: A bill (H. R. 10436} to provide­for the survey of any unsurveyed ·school lands in the State of Florida ; to thE>- Committee on the Pubhc Lands.

By Mr. LUFKIN: Resolntion (H. Re. 264) directing the· sec­retary of the Navy to send to the House of Representatives facts and papers relating to the alleged u~seaworthines of the U. S. naval tng Che<rokee; to the Committee on Naval Affairs;·

By Mr. CLARK of Florida: Resolution (H. Res- 265) pro­viding fot .. immediate consideration of H. R. 10265; to the Com .. mittee> on Rules:

By 1\Ir. LONDON: Joint resolution (H. J: Res. 256') protest­ing againsf-the sugge ted invasion of Russian ~ territory; t-o the Committee on Foreign Affairs:

By Mr. DPJNT: Joint resolution (H. J. Res. 257) providing. for the' registration for military service of the subject .. or citi­zens residing in the United States of a foreign country with whose Government the United States- has concluded or here­after concludes a convention or agreement consenting· to such aliens being- drafted into the militnry forces . of the United: States- mrder the terms of" the act approved May- 18, 1917, en­tit1'ed - "An aet to authorize~ the Ptestdent to increase tem­porarily the 'Military EStablishment of the· United States,'' and all amendments thereto; to the Committee orr .Mllitary Affairs.

PRIVATE BILLS AND .RESOLUTIONS.

Under clause 1 of Rule . XXIL pr'ivate bills. and resolution were ·introduced and severally referred as follows:

By 1\Ir. BARNHART: A blll (H~ R. 10437) granting a pen­sion to John1 R.. Batty; to the; Committee· on Invalid Pensions.

Also, a: bill (H. R ; 10438) granting an increa e- of ~nsion to Chester Coon ; to· the Committee. on Invalid. Pensions.

Alse-, a bill. ( H R. 10439) granting- an increase of pension to · Allen C. Harris; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By-=Mr~ BO'\\'"ERS: A bill (H. R. 10440) grantinr; an increase

of' pension tOi · John~ l\1. Sherrard ; to the• Committee on. Invalid Pensions.

By l\1r: CANTRILL: A bill (H: R. 10441) granting an in­crease of pension to William T. Eager; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. '

Also, a b:U (H. R. 10442) granting an increase of pension to Aaron Hall ; to the Committee on Invalid~Pensions.

By Mr. CARY: A bill (H. R. 10443} granting a pension to l\1rs. Frank Schultz; to the Committee- on-Invalid · Pensions.

Also, a bill (H. R. 10444) granting, a. pension to Frank Behan ; to the Committee on Pensions.

Al o-, a bill .(H. R . 10445) granting. an increase of pension to John Stephan ; to the Committee on rnva.lid Pensions.

Also, a bill (H. R. 10446) granting an increase of pension to C. M. Burt; to the Committee on. Invalid Pen ions.

Also, a bill (H. R. 10447) grnnting an increase of pension to John F. Brommom; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions.

'By 1\fr. DENT: A bill (H .. R. 10448) for the relief of the es­tate of 'Villiam Booth, deceased; to the Committee on War Clailns. '

By Mr. HOLLINGSWORTH: A bill (H. R. 10449) granting a pension to William S. Kiddy; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions . .

Also, a bill (H. R. 10450) granting a pension to John Van­dyne, alias .fohn Vandile; to the Committee on Pensions.

Also, a. bill (H. R~ 10451) granting an increase of pension to Andl·ew J. Martin; to thP Committee on rnvalid Pensions.

· Also, a bi1I (H. R. 10452) granting an increase of pension to Joseph l\Iorrison; to the Committee on Invaliu Pensions.

Also, a bill (H. R. 1QA....53) granting an increase of pension to Dallas Runyon ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions.

.

1918. ·fCON.GRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 3029 Also, a bill (Fl. R. i0454) granting an increase of pension to

Irwin .Jordon ; tn the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Al~o. a hill (H. R. 10455) granting an incren e of pension to

Caroline Str()hle; to thE> Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R 104i'i6) granting an increase of pension to

William Ira Britton; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. HULL of 10\·Ya: A bill (.H. H. 10457) granting nn ln- l

-creasE> of rwnsion to John H. Davi(lson; to the Committee on Invalid Pen~ions.

By Mr. KELLEY of Michigan: A bill (H. R. 10458) granting :a pension to Nina L. Beaumont; to the Com:nittee on Invallil Pen ions.

By Mr. ~IcCLINTIC: A bill (H. R. 10459) granting a pension to Jean N. Hoacb; to the Committee on Inv::lid Pen~ions.

Also. a bill (H. n. 10460) granting an increase of pension to John H. Allen; to the Cnmmittf'E' on Invalid Pensions.

By Mr. 1\IEHHITT: A bill (H. R. 10461) granting a pension to Mary Ett: to the Committee on Invalid PE>nsions.

By l\Ir. SCHALL: A bill (H. H. 10462) granting a pension to Annie White; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions.

By 1\lr. SCOTT of Michigan: A bill (H. R. 10463) granting a pen ion to Thomas G. Aldr.eg; to the Committee on Pensions.

"'By 1\lr. SHEHWOOD: A hill (H. R. 10464) granting an in­crea~E> of pension to Henrietta Schmidt; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions.

Also. a bill (H. R. 10465) granting an increase of pension to Henry Weitzel; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions.

. By l\lr. SNYDER: A bill (H. R. 10466) granting an increase of pens:;ion to John H. Shaver; to the Committee on ·rnvalid · Pensions.

By 1\lr. TAYLOR of Arkansas: A bill (H. R. 10467) granting an incrense of pension to James C. Smith; t..> U.e Committee on Invalid PensiQPS.

Also, affidavits of witnesses in support of H. R. 10450, grant­ing a pension to John Vandyne, alias John 'Vun<.lile; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ·

Also, evidence in support of H. R. '1.0454, to -grant an 'in­crease of pension to Irwin J or<.lan; to the Committee on In· valid PensionS'.

Also, evidence in support of H. R. 10453, granting an. in­crease of pension to Dallas Runyon ; to the Committee on In-·•alid Pensions. ·

Also, evidence in support of H. R. 10452. grunting an in­crease of pension to Joseph l\lorrison; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions.

Also, eviden<'e in support of H. R. 10451, granting an 1n­erea.c;;e -of pension to Andrew J. l\lartin ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions.

Also, evidence in support of H. R. 10449. granting n pension to William S. Kiddy; to the Committee oo Invalicl Pensions.

By :M.r. :MERRITT: Papers to accompany H. H. 10461, grant­ing an increase of pension to Mary h'tt; to the Committee o.n Invalid Pensions.

By 1\'Ir. O'SHAUNESSY: Petition .of the eitizens of South K.ingstm.vn~ urging the ·pas.<:;age of the b.i!J to provide a Phar­maceutical Corps in the Medical Dep~tment ; to the Committee .on Military Affairs. ·

Also, pPtition -of the American Silk Spinning Co .. Providence, R. I., protesting against the passage of a .bill .t.o eliminate coal jobbet·s; to the -committeE> on Agriculture .

By_ Mr. HOGER~: Papers to ace ll,lpany H(JURe bHl 10419, :granting a pension to Arthur Garland; to the Committee -o». Pem:;it,ns.

By 1\1r. ·SCHALL: Resolution of th-e Minneapolis .City Counc,i:~ reque ·ting Congre~s to .grant to the P_re~ident of the United States broad power to fix prices of all fOfl(ls and othet~ prot,lucts es.c;;ential to the condu<:.:t of tpe war ; to the CQmmittee on A.grj-

PETITIONS, ETC. <'Ultm:e. . . . By .l\Ir. YOUNG of "North "Dnlmta: Resolutions of the Wa.r

Unrler clause 1 of Rule XXII, petitions and papers ,w:ere lmd Emergency Board of American Plnn.t Patholo~ists. indorsin~ en 1he Clerk's rle k and referred as ,follows: -efforts to .eradicate the .common barbeny; to the .Committee o,n

By Mr. CAHY: Petition of Harrington Emerson, urging the · Agriculture. repPfll of the zone Aystem for second-class postage; to the Com- Also. resolutions .of the No,rth Dakota Dnt.rymen's Associntio~, mittee on Ways and Means. . . . . : regarding dair;\'ing interests; to_ the Committee on A.gricult.ur.e.

By l\lr. DALE of Vermont: Petthons .of Edward J. White, , AJso, a petiti.en -of C. A. Ryder and H .others, of Petttbane_, of Barton, No. 1.; William ·E. Woodcock, of Corinth, No. 1; : .N. Dak., :ur~ng the pas~age of tl.le Baer seed and teed bill .; to :Bert J. Jenness, of Barton, No. 2; A. J. McLellan. of Gr-eens- the Committee on Agriculture. :boro, No. 1; l.mvell Frank Hammond, of Ludlow, No. 2; War- Also, resolutions adopted by extension department of North l"en E. Carpenter. of Groton, No. 4; .Tohn N. Taggart, of Ran- Dakota Agricultural College, urging modification of wheat -dolph CE-nter. No. 3; Italph Fifie}d, of Tlwtfortl Ce~ter, ~o. 1; grad~s at cou.nb:Y .el€vators; to the Committee on _Agriculture. E<Jward E. 1\Junn, of Bradford, No. 1; Guy R. Gawm, of North Craft~bury, No. 1; 'Herbert W. Dutton, of Springfield, No. 1; ,Georg-e A. Ballou, .of Tunbri<l~e. 'o. 2; Patrick F. O'C(mnor, of Putney, No. 3; Harold H. Fulton, of .Rtrafford, No. 1; : Ernest H. Carpenter, of Wllmiugton, No. 1; Rufus M. Farrand, of Hardwick, No. 1; Frank A . .John~on, of Bruttleboro, No. 3; ·William ·nush. of Derby, No .. 2; William .J. Kidder, of Derby, No. 1; Rugh F. Copeland, of Reading; Corydon 0. Chamber- ' lin, of Brattleboro, No. 5; Abner P. Eddy, of West Brattle­boro, No. 2; Bion F. Humphrey, of East Burke, No. 1; .George .B. Bush, of Newfane, No. 1; Alfred e. Hooker, of Hardwick, No. 2; .J. C. Carpenter, of Imshurg, No. 2; Bert H. Town, end, of Plainfield, No. 1 : A. N. Flood. of Plainfield, No. 2; Truman H. Bartlett, of Plainfield, No. 3; A. Louis Tuft, of Ludlow, No. 1; Leon A. Ross, of Shetf:ieltl, No. 1; Frank U. Carley, of South Londonderry, No. 3; Earl Taylor, of l\Iarlboro. No. 1: Frank A. Blake, of Northfield. No. 3, rural-rtelivery carriers, all of Ver­mont. prayin~ for substantial allowapce to help meet the cost of upkeep of equipment nece. ~ary for a proper and sati, factory service, a(lditional pay for mi!Page in excess of tbe -standard length of 24 miles as fixed by law, and a reasonable allowance for carriers who are required to cur-ry pouch mail to interme­diate post offices or for intersecting loop routes to save the cost .of star-route service; to the Committee on .the Post Office and Post Roads.

By l\lr. DILL: Petition of the city council of the city of Spokane, ""\Vash., urging the pas!"iage of certain water-power legislation; to the Committee on Water Power.

By l\lr. GALLIVAN: Resolution of the New York Zoological .Society, favoring the migratory-bird treaty net; to the Com­mittee on Forei~ Affairs.

By Mr. HAMILTON of New York: Affidavits to accompany H: . H. 10411, granting an increa. e of pension to Thomas McKay; to the Committee .on Invalid 'Pensions.

By :Mr. HOLLINGSWOitTH: Ji~our affidavits in support of H. n. 10455, granting an increa!"ie of ·pension to Caroline Stroble; to the Committee on Inva1i<l ·Pensions.

Also. evi<Jence in support of H. R 10456, granting a pension to William Ira Britton; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions.

TUESDA'Y, March 5, 19l8 . Tl;le Chaplain. Rev. Forrest J. Prettyman, D. ·n.., .offered th~

following praJer: Almighty God. Thou art the 1i~ht. In TbP.e there is no dark­

ness at all. 'Ve thn.nk Thee for coming out of the shadows and revealing more and more of Thy wm .and of Thy nature to man. We thank thee for lea(lin~ on men nnd nations in the fulfillment of a divine .plan, and that Tlly purpose is r.;een more and more c.lear1y day by day. Thou art flhaking the nations that the rle~irnble things may come, nnrl tlmt the things may remain which can not be sl1aken. We bless GO<l fo.r the coming of His kingdom. We pray Thee to ha~ten the day for His final victory in all the earth. For .Christ'~ sake. Amen.

The Journaj of the procE'edings of the legislative day of Sat­urday, l\1arch 2, 1918, was read and upproved.

Mr. J0NES of Washington. Mr. "President, I suggest the .ab~ence of a quorum.

The ·P:UESIDENT pro tempore. The See:retary will call tlle roll.

The Seeretary called the roll, and the .followiQg Senators an· swered to their names : Ashurst .Johnson, Cal. Nor.ris Bra.ndegee Johnson.~. Dak. Nugent Calder Jones, N.Mex. OvPrman Colt .Jones. Wasb. Pag(-' .Culherson KPnyon Poin1lerte:r Fernald Kirby PomerPne FIPi:c-her "Lewis Rohin~on Fran~ Lod~re ~aulsbury Gerry 1.\frCumber Shafroth Gronna McKellar Sheppard Hale McLean "immom; Harding McNary Smith. Ga. H~?<n(Jerso.n Nelson ~ mith. Md. Hollis New Smit·h. Mich.

'fim1th, s. c. Smoot 8terling 8uth~rland Swanson Tillman Towmwnd · Trammell

. Vanlaman Walsh ·wnrrPn ·watson WUliams

l\IJ·. l\1cNARY. · I desire to announce the absence of my eoJ.. league [Mr . .CHA¥BERLAIN] on a~ount of illness. I will let this an.llotmcement stand for the day.