B.A.R.C-135Q
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35O
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05
COMPUTERISED OUTPUT OF PHONI TIC CODIS INDKVANAGARI SCRIPT MY DOT-MATRiX PRINTI RS
hy
S. Somiisundarain. M. M. K. Suri ;md R. Kh.cuaHealth Phvsiv.s Division
1987
B.A.R.C. - 1358
GOVERNMENT OF INDIAATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
CO
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CO
COMPUTERISED OUTPUT OF PHONETIC CODES IN
DEVANAGARI SCRIPT BY DOT-MATRIX PRINTERS
by
S. Somasundaram, M.M.K. Suri and R. KhatuaHealth Physics Division
BHABHA ATOMIC RESEARCH CENTREBOMBAY, INDIA
1987
BARC - 1358
INIS Subject Category : F51.00
Descriptors
IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS
COMPUTER CODES
INDIA
RADIATION DOSES
PERSONNEL
ABSTRAT
This report describes the development of a compviter software
for converting hex-octal, alpha-numeric and pure-alpha mode input in
English into 'phonetic Devanagari characters', which can be printed
through dot-matrix printers in 2 passes of print-head, along with
English text in the same lines.
If multilingual terminals presently available in India, are
used, it requires 4 passes of print-head for printing phonetic
Devanagari characters, and English text- also is converted into
phonetic Devanagari script during printing.
Thus, the software reported in this, is an improvement over
the facilities currently available in Indian market.
Computerised Output of Phonetic Codes in
Devanagari Script by Dot-matrix Printers
1. INTRODUCTION
There is a proposal [1] to allot pernanent 4-digit self-
checking unique identification phonetic code numbers to radiation
workers in India. The main characteristics of this numbering system
are:
(1) Phonetic codes will be constructed using 128
phonetic characters (Table 1) made with sixteen
consonant sounds (Table 2) and 8 vowel sounds
(Table 3) [2] taken from Indian languages.
(2) Each character of a phonetic code (consisting of
a consonant followed by a vowel) should occupy
only one byte of computer memory (Table 4);
(3) The 16 consonants used in phonetic codes will be
entered into the computer using hexadecimal code,
i.e., by 0 through 9 and A through F (Table 5);
(4) The 8 vowels used in phonetic codes will be input
into the computer using octal codes, that is, by
0 through 7 ( Table 6);
(5) The hexadecimal part, corresponding to consonant,
will occupy 4 bits of a byte (Table 4);
(6) The octal part, corresponding to the vowel, will
occupy the next 3 bits (5th to 7th) (Table 4).
In 1905, there were about 32,400 radiation workers in India
using personnel monitoring thermoluminescent and/or film badges from
Division of Radiological Protection, BARC and this number is
increasing at the rate of nearly 1000 per year during the past
several years [1]. Thus, if one phonetic character (consisting of
one consonant and one vowel) can be accommodated in one byte
(instead of two bytes — one for the consonant and the other for
vowel), there will be savings of nearly 13OK bytes of conputer memory
for storing the permanent phonetic code numbers of 32,400 radiation
workers in India.
2. 00R REQUIREMENTS
The input regarding the "Phonetic Code" can be, at present,
done in English. 16 soft consonant sounds taken from Indian
languages are phonetic sounds of K ( eft ), G (as in 'Qun' - J] ), £h.
(as in 'Chalk1 - =£[ ), £hH (as in fibhad - # ), J ( 5f ), 'I' V s in1 Istanbul1 - cf ), 'Th' (as in 'Thorn' - 3J ), p. (as "in 'Su&in' -
^ ) , N ( ?f^), P ( q- ), B ( § ), N { ff ), R ( ̂ ), L ( 51 ),
S' (as in 'Sun' - ?f ) and 'H' (as in 'Horse' - S S'S'
The 8 vowels sounds taken from Indian languages are on (as
in 'Bought' - 3f ), & (as in 'car' - 3̂ J ), 'I' (as in 'six' -
<J ), 2 (as in 'put' - 3 J, £ (as in 'thfin1 - n ), §i (as in
'Bairam Khan' - n ), 2 (as in 'so' 3f[ ) and aji (as in '
Arabia' - $
1. DIFFICULTIES IN ENTERING PHONETIC CODES
It is clear from the previous discussions that some of the
16 consonant sounds and the 8 vowel sounds of Indian languages, do
not have single-character English alphabetic letters. And if one has
to depress more than one key for a single consonant or vowel sound,
it would take longer tine for entering the data, in addition to the
accompanying chances of committing more mistakes, than depressing
one key for one sound (consonant or vowel).
With the help of hexa-decimal code, each of the above-
mentioned 16 consonant sounds of Indian languages, can be entered by
single depression of corresponding keys (Table 5). Similarly, each
of the 8 vowel sounds also can be entered by single depression of
single keys (Table 6).
4. REQUIREMENTS FOR PRINTING INDIAN SCRIPTS
Characters of Indian language scripts require much more
height for printing than those in English,
(1) partly because of 'Upper1 and 'Lower' annotations
for denoting the accompanying vowel sounds,
and
(2) partly because of a number of bends and several
horizontal parts in some of the consonants of the
Indian languages.
5. LIMITATIONS OF EXISTING PRINTERS
Since the majority of line-printers or dot-matrix printers
available in Indian market, are developed and manufactured in the
Western countries, they are equipped with interphases for printing
English letters in general, and Greek letters in a few.
Moreover, line printers are provided with fixed character
sets and, as such, no additional characters can be printed through
them.
6. EXISTING SOFTWARES
Some Indian companies have developed Multi-lingual Terminals
(MLT) cap?Jle of handling Indian language scripts. One of them was
requested to demonstrate the MLT.
It was found that the MLTs available in Indian market can
print Oevanagari script using dot-matrix printers, with the
following constraints:
(1) it requires 4 consecutive lines to print every
line of Devanagari script (i.e., in 4-pass of
print-head -- two lines for printing consonants,
one line for upper annotations for accompanying
vowels, and one line for lower ones);
(2) when MLT prints Oevanagari script, it outputs
everything (including English text also) in the
Devanagari script only.
Hence, they cannot serve our purpose, as we require to print,
only phonetic codes in Devanagari script and all other information
in English on the same lines.
7. OUR SOFTWARE
With the help of micro-computers, a program in FORTRAN has
been developed.
At the start of execution of this program, the user has the
option to select any one of the following modes for input:
(1) hex-octal codes (Table 5 and Table 6),
(2) alpha-numeric mode (Table 7), or
(3) pure-alpha node (Tab^e 8).
After the user enters the reply to the query as to the mode
of input, the computer will enquire about the number of phonetic
characters in each code. Upon getting the reply to this query, the
computer will get ready to accept the input for the required
phonetic codes in the specified mode only. Any wrong entry will be
ignored and the computer will request the user to feed the correct
data again.
When the input is made in the correct mode and in the
permissible combinations, the program will read pairs of the
specified character-codes, store each pair in one byte of computer
memory (Table 4), convert them one by one into the corresponding
Phonetic codes and print these codes in Devanagari script in two
consecutive lines, (that is in two-passes of the print head,) using
a dot-matrix printer.
A sample of phonetic characters printed by a dot-matrix
printer, is shown in Table 9.
8. CONCLUSION
Our computer software is an inprovement over the existing
facilities presently available in the market in India.
9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
-. The authors are grateful to Dr. D.N. Srivastava, Electronics
Systems Section, and Shri S.J. Choitramani, Health Physics Division,
for discussions.
They are also thankful to Shri S.D. Soman, Associate
Director, Radiological Group, and Shri T. Subbaratnam, Head, Health
Physics Division, for their keen interest in this work.
References:
1. R. Khatua, D. N. Srivastava, and S. Somasundaram, "Permanent
Phonetic Identification Code for Radiation Workers", BARC-T'7
(1987).
2. D. N. Srivastava,"Self-checking All purpose Phonetic Identity
Number System for Internal Security and Welfare", BARC-1287 (1985).
Table 1. 128 Phonetic Characters made by 16 consonants & 8 vov/els
T>
W
ft!
*
ift
ft
ft,
n.
if
nt
srt
0
1
2
•TA 3
4
5
6
7
8
9
i"r 1 0
1 1112
13
14
15
* 16
T̂T 17
ft, * 18
1- 1 19* 20
* 21
* 22
* 23
e 24
5?T 2 5
fe. 5?r 2 6
1. 1 27
B- 28
•v *» v
sr 30
& 31
ft.
sft
Tft
ft,
?•
err
eft
32
33
*r 34
^ 35
36
37
38
39
40
41
T"r 42
5 43
44
45
46
47
v 48
«rr 49
ft, *fr 50
g. v 51
*r 52
* 53
«r 54
«rt 55
? 56
*r 57
ft, ft 58
I- % 59
tr 60
f 61
ij 62
tf 63
r̂
ft,
3.
sft
T
Tt
H .
s.IT
•ft
64
65
*ft 66
1 67
68
69
70
71
72
73
"ft 74
1 75
76
77
78
79
ft,
4
9"T
?1
JT
TT
ft.
•J.if
*T
80
81
aft 82
« 83
84
85
S6
87
88
S9
«ft 90
* ^192
93
94
95
X
ft,
\,
\
X
ft
^t
f-,
?̂.
96
97
ft 98
I 99
100
101
102
103
104
105
?fr 106
« 107
108
109
110
111
T
ft, m
a1!
ff. ?J
5- S
1
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
no121
122
123
124
125
126
127
Table 2. 16 Consonants usad in Phonetic Characters
Table
31
3 .
m
8 Vowels
(f. 0
used
(*.
i n
« )
Hionetic
1 *
Characters
aft aft
Table 4. Binary Representation of 128 Rionetic Characters
Hex Code fortconsonant *
0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
OHO
0111
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
111!
Octal Codefor vowel
I"
000
3T0000000
0001000
0010000
0011000
0100000
0101000
on ooooon IOOO
1000000
1001000
1010000
1011000
1100000
1101000
111 0000
1111000
001
37T
0000001
0001001
0010001
0011001
0100001
0101001
0110001
oi nooi1 1000001
1001001
101000)
1011001
1100001
1 101001
1 110001
m ioo!
OiC
0000010
0001010
0010010
0011010
0100010
0101010
onooio
01 I 1010
1000010
1001010
1010010
lonoio
1100010
1101010
mooioi moio
on
00000I
000101
001001
00110]
OiOOOl
010101
011001
OHIO!
I00001
10010!
101001
101101
110001
110101
111001
111101
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
100
<?.*•:=0000100
0001100
0010100
0011100
0100100
0101100
0110100
on noo1000100
1001100
1010100
1011100
nooioo
1101100
1iiulOO
i11!100
101
j) £ •
0000101
0001101
0010101
0011101
0100101
0101101
onoioi
0111101
1000101
loonoi
1010101
10J110J
nooioi
1101101
njoioi
11J1101
no
0000110
oooi no
0010110
0011110
0100110
0101110
0110110
oin nolooono
1001110
1010110
J0J1110
nooiro
1101110
1110110
inino
Ml
0000111
0001111
0010111
0011111
03001 11
0101111
0110111
omm1000111
IOOI m
1010111
10JU1J
1200111
1101111
1110111
1111111
Tabl* 5* Hexadecimal representation »f 16 c*na*uants
C«n»«nant
^̂
HexadeciaalC*de
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
Binaryrepresentation
0000
0001
0010
001 1
0|00
0|O|
0||0
oni
1000
1001
1010
1011 "'
II00
1 | 0 |
mo1 I I I
Table 0. Octal representation «f 8 vvwels
V«rel
3f
3fT
%,43,3.
atat
OctalC«de
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Binaryrepresentati*D
000
001
010
onI 00
101
noin
T a b l e 7 . '••'^rriN^ PMO:."-:TIC NUMSRAT.S IN ENGLISH (PURE ALPHA MODE)
Phonecic
KZ
!%I
K'J
f
:<Y
:<o
:•:.>:
." t«O ^
GA
GI
GU
GE
GY
GC
GW
Dec.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Phonetic
C.
CA
Cl
CJ
CE
CY
CO
cv
QZ
QA
OY
QO
qw
Dec.
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
3!
I'honccic
37.
JA
JI
. ; • . :
JE
JY
JO
TZ
TA
TI
i V
TE
1 TY
TO
TV
Dec.
32
33
IU
Vj
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
A4
45
46
47
Phonecic
FZ
FA
FI
pv
FE
• FY
FO
FW
D2
DA
DI
,DL-
DE
DY
DO
DW
Dec
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
Phonetic
N:-:
HA
HI
MU
NE
NY
NO
?Z
PA
PI
FU
Pt
PY
PO
PW
Dec.
64
65
66
67
68
69
7C
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
7H
79
Phoni-r ic
3 A
'•: t
• : • -
:>£
3Y
30
SV
M2
MA
MI
MU
ME
MY
MO
MW
Dec.
80
8!
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
Phonetic
RZ
RA
urR-"
sv
KO
sw
• L Z
LA
LI
[.::
LH
LY
LO
LvJ
Dec,
96
97
93
99
100
10!
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
no
It
Phonetic
SZ
SA
SI
SU
SE
SY
SO
5y
HZ
HA
HI
HU
HE
HY
HO"
. _.—.--.„
Dec- j
l!2
113
P.4
ISS
126
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
T a b l e 6 . WRITING PHONETIC NUMERALS IN LNC-LISW (ALPHA-NUMERIC MODE)
Phonecic
KO
Kl
K2
K3
KA
*5
K6
K7
GO
GI
G2
G3
G<i
G5
C6
G7
Dec.
0
1
2
3 '
A
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Phonetic
CO
Ci
C2
C3
CA
C5
C6
C7
QO
Ql
Q2
Q3
Q5
Q6
Q?
Doc.
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Phonetic
JO
Jl
J2
J3
JA
J5
J6
J7
TO
Tl
T3
TA
T5
T6
T7
Dec.
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
A3
44
45
46
47
Phon.2i.ic
FO
F !
F2
?3
FA
?5
F6
F7
DO
Dl
32
03
DA
D5
D6
07
Dec.
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
Phonecic
HO
HI
V2
N3
NA
N3
N6
N7
PO
?1
?:
?3
PA
P5
P6
?7
Dec.
64
65
66
67
68
o9
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
Phonetic
BO
SI
3?
B3
BA
35
36
37
MO
Ml
M2
M3
MA
M5
M6
M7
Dec.
80
81
62
83
84
85
86
87
£3
89
90
91
92
93
94
55
Phonecic
RO
R!
R2
R3
RA
R5
R6
R7
LO
H
L2
L3
LA
L5
L6
L7
Dec.
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
SOS
109
HO
11
Phonetic
SO
SI
S2
S3
SA
S3
S6
S?
HO
HI
K2
K3
HA
H5
H6
K7
,« .
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
J24
I2:>
126
127
i