;x/L ljsf; dGqfnocfjf; tyf ejg dxfzfvfl;+xb/af/, sf7df08f}kmf]gM $@!!^&#, $@!!(^(ofS;M $@!!(^(Od]nM [email protected] j]j;fO{6M www.moud.gov.np
k|sfzg jif{M @)&!
k|yd ;+:s/0fM !))) k|lt
l8hfOgM ;+ho ho;jfn
d'b|sM af/f ckm;]6 k|]; a;'Gw/f, sf7df08f} kmf]gM $#*%*%
cfj/0fM sf7df8f}+df alg/x]sf ;dsflng ejgx?
k|sfzsM
ljifo ;"rL
e"ldsf
kl/R5]b !
!=! k[i7e"ld============================================================================================================================================================================================================================= !
!=@ ejg P]g, ;+lxtf tyf lgodfjnL=============================================================================================================================================== !
!=# ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08sf] kl/ro==================================================================================================================================================== #
!=$ ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08sf] cf}lrTo================================================================================================================================================== #
!=% ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08sf] th'{df / sfof{Gjog============================================================================================================ %
!=^ kl/efiffx?================================================================================================================================================================================================================== ^
kl/R5]b @
ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08sf] clwsf/ If]q / pkof]u @=! clwsf/ If]q ========================================================================================================================================================================================================= !#
@=@ ljsf; =========================================================================================================================================================================================================================== !$
@=# ejg lgdf{0f cg'dlt -gS;f kf;_k|fKt ug]{ sfo{ljlw====================================================================================== !$
@=$ ;fO6Knfg÷nf]s];g Knfg======================================================================================================================================================================== !%
@=% ejg pkof]u km]/abnsf] nflu ;"rgf=================================================================================================================================== !&
@=^ ejg lgdf{0f cg'dlt z'Ns=================================================================================================================================================================== !*
@=& :jLs[lt lbg] ========================================================================================================================================================================================================= !*
@=* lgdf{0f sfo{ ubf{ ckgfpg' kg{] sfo{ljlwx?=============================================================================================================== !(
@=( sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] ;"rgf ================================================================================================================================================================= !(
@=!) gu/sf] 9n k|0ffnL÷kfgLsf] d]gnfOgdf h8fg ug]{ ======================================================================================== @)
@=!! e"–pkof]u If]q lgwf{/0f================================================================================================================================================================================ @)
kl/R5]b #
cfjf;Lo tyf u}x| cfjf;Lo If]qx?sf] ljsf; lgdf{0f ;DaGwL k|fjwfgx?#=! ejg lgdf{0fdf lgoGq0fsf] Joj:yf=========================================================================================================================================== @!#=@ kxf8L If]qdf ePsf ;x/L If]qsf nflu ljz]if Joj:yf================================================================================= @!
#=# kfls{ª dfkb08=================================================================================================================================================================================================== @@
#=$ ljz]if pkof]usf If]qx?=========================================================================================================================================================================== @#
#=% u}x| cfjf;Lo pkof]u If]q====================================================================================================================================================================== @%#=^ a; 6dL{gn=============================================================================================================================================================================================================== @^
#=& ;/sf/L sfof{nox?, PsLs[t sfo{no sDKn]S;================================================================================================ @&
#=* :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?=============================================================================================================================================================================================== @&#=( z}lIfs ;+:yfx?================================================================================================================================================================================================== @&
#=!) cl86f]l/od÷;fd'bflos xn================================================================================================================================================================= @*
#=!! wfld{s :ynx?=================================================================================================================================================================================================== @*
#=!@ ;'/Iff ;DaGwL ;]jfx? ============================================================================================================================================================================ @(
#=!# ;fj{hlgs tyf cw{;fj{hlgs If]qx?================================================================================================================================== @(
kl/R5]b $
;Dkbf ejg tyf k|fs[lts ;Dkbf If]q $=! Nffu" x'g ;lsg]=================================================================================================================================================================================================== #)
$=@ ;Dkbf ejgx?df wgLx?sf] hjfkmb]lxtf====================================================================================================================== #)
$=# ljsf;÷k'glj{sf;÷dd{t cflb sfo{df /f]s======================================================================================================================= #)
$=$ ;8s rf}8fO============================================================================================================================================================================================================ #!
$=% vf]nf÷gbL s'nf], tfn lsgf/f lgdf{0f ug]{ ;DaGwdf======================================================================================== #!
kl/R5]b %
cUgL ;'/Iff ;DaGwL k|fjwfgx?%=! bfo/f -:sf]k_======================================================================================================================================================================================================== #@
%=@ cg'dlt lbg] sfo{ljlw================================================================================================================================================================================= #@
%=# cUgL ;'/Iff k|df0fkqsf] gljs/0f============================================================================================================================================== ##
%=$ z'Ns=================================================================================================================================================================================================================================== ##
%=% ljljw================================================================================================================================================================================================================================= ##
%=^ kx'Frsf] dfWod======================================================================================================================================================================================================= ##
%=& lgsf; ;DaGwL cfjZostfx?======================================================================================================================================================== #$
%=* lgsf;sf] k|sf/x? ===================================================================================================================================================================================== #%
%=( hldg d'lgsf] tNnf======================================================================================================================================================================================= #%
%=!) x]nLk}8sf] Joj:yf ======================================================================================================================================================================================== #^
%=!! ;le{; 8S6÷l/o"h ;'6========================================================================================================================================================================== #^%=!@ ljB'tLo ;]jf ;DaGwL k|fjwfgx?=============================================================================================================================================== #^
%=!# Po/ sl08;g======================================================================================================================================================================================================= #&
%=!$ cUgL k|lt/f]ws oGq h8fg ;DaGwL======================================================================================================================================= #&
%=!% cUgL ;"rs oGq=============================================================================================================================================================================================== #&%=!^ lgoGq0f sIf=========================================================================================================================================================================================================== #*
%=!& ejg lgdf{0fdf k|of]u x'g] ;fdu|L================================================================================================================================================= #*
cg';"rL======================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================== #(
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
!=! k[i7e"ld M
xfn g]kfndf %* j6f gu/kflnsfx? 5g\ . tL dWo] gofF ejgx?sf] gSzf kf; ubf{ nfu" x'g] ejg
lgodfjnL * j6f gu/kflnsfx?df dfq th'{df ePsf] cj:yf 5 . ltgdf klg ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08, ejg
lgodfjnL, ejg ;+lxtfsf] sfof{Gjogdf Ps ?ktf ePsf] b]lv+b}g . o;af6 clwsf+z gu/kflnsfx?df
dfkb08 gePsf] / ePsfdf klg dfkb08 ckof{Kt jf gldn]sf] cj:yfdf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ef}lts ljsf;,
of]hgf, dfkb08 tyf lgodfjnLsf] sfof{Gjogsf] cefjdf o:tf gu/kflnsfx?df e}/x]sf] b|'Qt/
;x/Ls/0fn] cGtdf c:tJo:t tyf vt/fk"0f{ cj:yf Nofpg] b]lvG5 . t;y{ o:tf gu/kflnsfx?df
;x/Ls/0f k|s[ofnfO{ lglb{i6 tyf lgodg\ u/L :jR5, :j:y, lbuf] tyf a:g pko'Qm zx/L jftfj/0f
lgdf{0f ug{sf] nflu j}1flgs cfwf/df tof/ ul/Psf ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08sf] cfjZostf ePsf] xf] .
pko'{Qm sf/0fn] ;x/L ljsf; dGqfnon] dfkb08sf] gd"gf th'{df u/]sf] 5 . k|:tfljt gd"gf dfkb08n]
b]zdf ;a} gu/kflnsfx? tyf gu/ ljsf; ;ldltx?nfO{ cf–cfˆgf dfkb08x? tof/ ug{ dfu{ lgb{]zg
ug{]5 .
o; dfkb08sf] d'Vo p2]Zo :jR5, x/fe/f, :j:y tyf lbuf] ;x/L jftfj/0fsf] ;fy} of]hgfj4 k"jf{wf/
ljsf;sf] nflu gu/kflnsfx?nfO{ tyf ;x/L If]qnfO{ Jojxf/df ejg P]g tyf lgodfjnL cg'?k sfo{ ug{ u/fpgsf] nflu dfu{ lgb{]zg ug{ ;Sg] ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08sf] vfsf tof/ ug{' xf] .
!=@ ejg P]g, ;+lxtf, tyf lgofdfjnL M
æejg P]g @)%%Æ g]kfn /fhkqdf @)%% ;fn c;f/ !* ut] k|sfzg ePtfklg @)^@ ;fn kmfu'g ! ut] /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg eO{ If]q lgwf{/0f ePkl5 dfq of] P]g cf}krfl/s ?kdf ?kdf sfof{Gjog
ePsf] lyof] . If]q lgwf{/0f ;DaGwL ;"rgf cg';f/ of] P]g $@ j6f g=kf=If]q, lhNnf ;b/ d'sfd ePsf
@* j6f uf=lj=;= If]q, g=kf / ;b/d'sfd afx]ssf @! j6f uf=lj=;= tyf sf7df8f}+ pkTosf leqsf && uf=lj=;=x?df of] P]g nfu" ug]{ u/L If]q lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
kl/R5]b–! M k[i7e"ld
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
o; P]gsf] bkmf ( df pNn]v ul/P cg';f/ /fli6«o ejg ;+lxtf @)^) g]kfn ;/sf/ -d+=k=_ af6 @)^)
>fj0f !@ df :jLs[t eO{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] >f]taf6 lgdf{0f x'g] ejgx?df tTsfn} nfu" ug]{ ;d]t lg0f{o
ePsf] lyof] . To:t} tTsfnLg :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt )^).(.& sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ :yfgLo :jfoQ
zf;g P]g @)%% / :yfgLo :jfot zf;g lgodfjnL @)%^ ;Fu gaflemg] u/L ejg lgdf{0fsf] gS;f
kf; ubf{ lgdf{0f ;DaGwL dfkb08sf cltl/Qm g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t ejg ;+lxtf ;d]tnfO{ Wofgdf
/fvL gS;f :jLs[t ug]{ Aoj:yf ug]{ u/fpg] egL ;a} :yfgLo lgsfox?nfO{ kl/kq ul/Psf] lyof] . o;
k|sf/ /fli6«o ejg ;+lxtf tTsfn nfu" ug]{ lg0f{o eP cg';f/ sltko gu/kflnsfx?n] gu/kl/ifbaf6
lg0f{o u/fO{ sfof{Gjog ub]{ cfPsf] cj:yf 5 .
:yfgLo lgsfoaf6 ejg lgdf{0fsf] gS;f kf; ug{ ;xhLs/0f ug]{ p2]Zo /fvL g]kfn ;/sf/ -d=k=_
@)^^ d+;L/ @% ut]sf] lg0f{oaf6 ejg lgodfjnL @)^^ :jLs[t u/]sf] 5 . o; lgodfjnLdf ejg P]g
cg';f/ gS;f kf; ubf{ cjnDag ug'{kg]{ ljlwx?nfO{ k|i6\ofOPsf] 5 .
ejg P]g @)%% sf] bkmf * cg';f/ ejgnfO{ rf/j6f ju{df ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 .
æs ju{Æ M ljsl;t d'nsdf ckgfOPsf ejg ;+lxtf ;d]tsf] cg';/0f u/L OG6/g];gn :6]6
ckm cf6{df cfwfl/t x'g] u/L agfOg] cTofw'lgs ejgx? .
æv ju{Æ M KnLGy Pl/of Ps xhf/ ju{ lkm6 eGbf a9L, e'FOtNnf ;lxt tLg tNnf eGbf a9L,
jf :6«Sr/n :kfg rf/ bzdnj kfFr -$=%_ dL6/ eGbf a9L ePsf ejgx? .
æu ju{Æ M KnLGy Pl/of Ps xhf/ ju{ lkm6 ;Dd, e'FOtNnf ;lxt tLg tNnf;Dd jf :6«Sr/n
:kfg rf/ bzdnj kfFr-$=%_ dL6/ ;Dd ePsf ejgx? .
æ3 ju{Æ M v08 -s_, -v_ / -u_ df n]lvP b]vL afx]ssf] sfFrf] jf kfsf] O6f, 9'Ëf, df6f], afF;,
v/ cflb k|of]u u/L b'O tNnf ;Dd agfOg] ;fgf 3/ 5fk|fx? .
dfly pNn]lvt rf/ ju{sf ejgx?df cfwfl/t eO{ /fli6«o ejg ;+lxtfnfO{ klg rf/ lsl;ddf ljefhg
ul/Psf] 5 / k|To]s lsl;dsf nflu a]Unf a]Un} ;+lxtfx? tof/ ul/Psf 5g\ . ejg ;+lxtf k|fljlws b:tfj]h ePsf]n] o;df ejgsf] ;'/Iff cyf{t :6«Sr/n ;]ˆ6Lsf nflu cjnDag ug'{kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ ljwLx?
gS;fdf v'nfO{ gfk ;d]t /fvL v'nfOPsf] 5 . hDdf @# j6f v08x? ePsf] ejg ;+lxtf lgDg adf]lhd
tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .
!= s ju{sf ejgsf nflu M– Pg=aL= ;L= )))
@= v ju{sf ejgsf nflu M– Pg=aL= ;L= !)! b]lv !!$ ;Dd, Pg=aL= ;L= @)^, @)& / @)*
#= u ju{sf ejgsf nflu M– Pg=aL= ;L= @)!, @)@ / @)%
$= 3 ju{sf ejgsf nflu M– Pg=aL= ;L= @)# / @)$
/fli6«o ejg ;+lxtfsf @# j6} v08x? k'l:tsfsf ?kdf k|sfzg ul/Psf 5g\ . o;sf] ;ˆ6 skL /
k':tsx? ;x/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu aa/dxnaf6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 .
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
!=# ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08sf] kl/ro M
;fwf/0ftM Efjg lgdf{0f dfkb08 eGgfn] :yfgLo lgsfo jf ;x/L If]q x]g]{ ljefux?n] cfˆgf] u'?of]hgfdf
jf ef}lts ljsf; of]hgfdf cfTd;fy ul/Psf] ;f]rfO tyf b"/b[li6;Fu ldNbf] lsl;dn] ;x/L ljsf;nfO{
kl/rflnt ug{] tyf ejgsf] agfj6sf] ;'/Iff, ;/;kmfO tyf :j:y jftfj/0f ;'lglZrt ug{] p2]Zon]
;fdfGotof tof/ ul/Psf] ljlgodx?nfO{ a'emfpF5 . o;n] d'VotM s:tf ejgx?sf] of]hgf tof/ ug{]
tyf lgdf{0f ug{], lgdf{0f ug{ rfxg] gu/af;L jf lgdf{0fstf{n] s'g} ;x/L hUufdf s:tf ejgx? lgdf{0f
ug{ ;S5g\ eGg] af/] lgb{]lzt l;4fGtx? k|ltkfbg ub{5 -tflnsf g+= !_ . ;fy} ejg lgdf{0f cg'dlt k|fKt
ug{sf nflu b/vf:t lbg ;+nUg ug{' kg{] cfjZos b:tfj]h tyf gSzfx?, ;Dkfbg ug{' kg{] sfo{x?,
k|df0fLs/0fsf k|s[ofx?, lg/LIf0f÷cg'udgsf k|s[ofx?sf] ;"rL klg o;df ;dfj]z x'g] ub{5 . :jLs[t
e"–pkof]ux? tyf b"/ufdL ;f]r cg'?k ljsf;sf] k|s[lt tyf k|efj ;dfj]z ePsf] u'? of]hgf÷ljsf;
of]hgf ;d]tn] ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08sf] k"/ssf] ?kdf sfd u/]sf] x'G5 .
tflnsf – !=! M dfkb08df x'g' kg]{ k|d'v ljifox?
l;=g+ ejg dfkb08sf kIfx? ;"rsx?
!= e"pkof]u ljefhgsf lgodx? pkof]u, Kn6LË, ;8s If]q, v'Nnf If]q tyf ;'ljwfx?
@= ;fO6 Knfg tyf ejg of]hgf ;]6Aofs, kfls{Ë If]q, e"–pkof]usf] 3gTj, ejg gSzf, Go"gtd 38]/L If]qkmn / ejg prfO{, ˆnf]/ Pl/of cg'kft
#= :6«Sr/ l8hfOg tyf k|fjwfgx? nf]l8Ë Ifdtf, jlx/udgsf] l8hfOg, kfgL 6ofªsL h:tf ;fdfGo ;]jfx?sf] l8hfOg tyf cGo OlGhlgo/LË :k]l;lkms]zgx?
$= ejg ;'/Iff, ;]jf ;'ljwfx? ejgdf cUgL ;'/Iffsf k|fjwfgx?, cfktsfnLg alx+u{dgsf] Joj:yf, KnDjLË, :oflg6]/L ;]jfx?, Uof/]h, rf]s cflb .
%= ;Dkbf If]q h:tf ljz]if If]qx?df cGo KnflgË k|fjwfgx?
:jLs[t lqmofsnfk tyf k|of]u cg'dlt lbg x'g] ljsf;÷k'gMlgdf{0f, ejg dd{t ;+ef/sf k|fjwfgx?, ckfË d}qL k|fjwfgx? cflb .
!=$ ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08sf] cf}lrTo M
ejg dfkb08sf] k|d'v sfo{ of]hgfj4 ljsf;nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ jf:t'snfsf] ;+j4{g\ tyf ;+/If0f ug{, ;'/IffnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ / hg:jf:YonfO{ ;+/If0f ug{ ;x/sf] ljsf;df pko'Qm lgoGq0f ug]{ ljwL xf] .
gfkmf clwstd ug{] 3/hUufwgLx?sf] nf]enfn;fsf] sf/0fsf] ;fy} hg;+Vof a[l4, a;fO{;/fO{ / cfly{s
s[ofsnfkx? ;x/df s]lGb|t x'g] h:tf ljleGg sf/0faf6 pTkGg clgolGqt 9+uaf6 eO/x]sf] ;x/Ls/0fn]
ubf{ ;x/L If]qdf c:tJo:ttfsf] cj:yf ;[hgf ePsf] 5 . hgtfsf] sNof0fsf/L cfjZostfx?;+u
ldNbf] h'Nbf] ;x/L ljsf;nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ ;x/L of]hgfljbx? tyf k|zf;sx?n] klxNofPsf] dfu{
;x/L of]hgf xf] h;n] ljsf; k|s[ofnfO{ ;+rfnLt u5{ / of]hgfa4 ljsf; x'g k|f]T;fxg u5{ . o:tf k|fjwfgnfO{ cf}krfl/s ?kdf ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08 egL ;+af]wg u/LG5 .
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
tflnsf !=@ M dfkb08sf] cf}lrTo
Efjg dfkb08 cGtu{tsf k|fjwfgx? Efjg :6Sr/ l8hfOg tyf cGo k|fjwfgx?
;fO6 ;DaGwL k|fjwfg tyf ejg gSzf ljsf;
lgoGq0f ;DaGwL k|fjwfgx?
:6Sr/ l8hfOg, hu tyf ;'k/ :6«Sr/ ;]6 Aofs,kxF'r
dfu{, ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] pknAwtf cflb
hUuf÷;Dklt pkof]u ;DaGwL ljj]sk"0f{ k|fjwfgx? cfunfuLaf6 ;'/Iff cfktsfnLg alx{udg tyf ejg ;]jf
;'ljwfx?, u|fpG8 se/]h, ˆnf]/ P/Lof cg'kft .
ef}lts k"jf{wf/ h:tf cGo k|fjwfgx? KnDaLË tyf b"/;+rf/ ;]jfx?,lah'nL, vfg]kfgL cflb
ljz]if p2]Zosf] nflu yk k|fjwfgx? h:t} ;Dkbf If]qx?,k|fs[lts ljkb\sf b[li6sf]0fn] ;+j]bgzLn If]qx? cflb
cGo kIfx? ;DaGwL k|fjwfgx? Hf:t} e"–sDk tyf cGo ljkb\x?sf] k|lt/f]w, zf}o{ tyf cGo phf{ pkof]usf pkfox?, leGg t/Lsfn] ;Ifd JolQmx?sf nflu ¥ofDksf] Joj:yf / aiff{ kfgLsf] pkof]u .
ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08 lsg cfjZos 5, o;sf] cf}lrTonfO{ k'i6ofO{ ug]{ cfwf/x? lgDgfg';f/ n]Vg ;lsG5 .
-s_ Jojl:yt ;x/sf] cfwf/ M s'g} ;x/ jf ahf/If]qnfO{ Jojl:yt agfpgsf] nflu of]hgfa¢
ljsf;sf] u'?of]hgf jf To:t} k|sf/sf] k|ltsfTds of]hgfx? cfjZos x'G5 . o:tf of]hgfn] To;
;x/sf] cfjZostfnfO{ ;+af]wg ug]{ u/L eljiodf ;x/sf] :j?ksf] ;d]t kl/sNkgf ul/Psf] x'G5
. o; kl/sNkgfnfO{ nfu' ug{sf nflu sfg"gL cfwf/ eg]sf] dfkb08 g} xf] lsg eg] dfkb08n]
;x/sf] of]hgfnfO{ nfu' ug{sf nflu ljleGg k|fjwfgx?sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] x'G5 . To:tf] k|fjwfg
kfng gug]{ JolQm jf ;+:yf sfg"g adf]lhd b+l8t x'g ;S5 .
-v_ ;x/L jftfj/0fsf] ;+/If0f / ;+a4{g M dfkb08df ;x/n] kl/nlIft u/]sf e"pkof]u tyf xl/ofnL
If]q, gbL lsgf/f, ;fj{hlgs :yn cflbsf] ;+/If0f ug{sf nflu ljleGg k|fjwfgx? /flvPsf] x'G5 .
o; k|sf/sf] k|fjwfgsf] kfngfn] ;'Gb/ / :jR5 ;x/sf] nIo xfl;n ug{ ;lsG5 . ;x/L hLjgnfO{
:j:y, :jR5 / ;'Gb/ agfpgsf nflu dfkb08sf] kfngf ug'{ Pp6f clt dxTjk"0f{ kIf xf] .
-u_ jf:t'snf / ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f M ;x/L ;+:s[lt ToxfFsf] jf:t'snf / P]ltxfl;s tyf k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf ;Dkbfn] lgb]{lzt u/]sf] x'G5 . ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08df To; ;x/sf] klxrfg emNsfpg]
jf:t'snfsf] :j?knfO{ sfod /fv]/ ;x/sf] klxrfgnfO{ ;+/If0f ug{ ;lsG5 . To:t} ;x/df /x]sf
P]ltxfl;s / k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf If]qx?sf] ;+/If0f ;DaGwL k|fjwfg /fvL dfkb08n] ;x/L ;+:s[lt
;+/If0f ug]{ sfo{df dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng ;Sb5 .
-3_ ;x/L ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt M ejg lgdf{0fdf cfjZos ;'/Iffsf kIfx? h:t} ejg :6«Sr/sf] ;'/Iff,
cfunfuLaf6 ;'/Iff cflb ;DaGwL k|fjwfgx? dfkb08df k|d'v c+u x'g\ . To:t} ljkb\af6 x'g] ;'/Iffsf nflu ;8ssf] /fO6 ckm j], v'nf If]qsf] ;+/If0f, cfjfudg ;DaGwL k|fjwfgx?, k}bn
ofq'sf] cfjfudgsf] ;xhLs/0f cflb ;DaGwL kIfnfO{ dfkb08df ;Daf]wg u/L dfkb08df ;x/L
;'/IffnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;lsG5 .
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
dfly pNn]v ul/Psf d'Vo d'Vo a'Fbfx? nufot ;x/sf] ;dli6ut ljsf;sf] nflu dfkb08sf] k|efjsf/L
sfof{Gjogn] cxd e"ldsf v]Ng ;S5 eGg] tYo lglj{jfb g} 5 .
!=% ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08sf] th{'df / sfof{Gjog M
Efjg dfkb08sf] th'{df ug{] clwsf/ :yfgLo lgsfo jf gu/ ljsf; ;ldltdf :yfgLo :jfot zf;g
P]g jf gu/ ljsf; P]g cg';f/ lglxt x'g] ub{5 . o:tf P]g sfg"g cGtu{t 5'§} ejg dfkb08 gePsf
;x/L If]q jf gu/ ljsf; ;ldltx?sf nflu o; ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08n] dfu{ bz{gsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x
ug]{ ck]Iff /flvPsf] 5 .
ljz]iftM ejg tyf :6«Sr/ ;DaGwL cfjZostfx?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ /fli6«o ejg ;+lxtf cGtu{tsf
k|fjwfgx? ejg P]g cGtu{t /flvPsf] x'G5 . ;x/x?df u'?of]hgf÷ljsf; of]hgfx?, :yfgLo of]hgfx?,
e"–pkof]u÷ljsf; tyf e"–ljv08g ljlgodx? Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'G5 . o:tf k|fjwfgx? ;x/L ljsf;
tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefun] tof/ u/]sf] ef}lts ljsf; of]hgf jf Plss[t sfo{of]hgfdf cfwfl/t x'G5g\ .
o:tf of]hgfn] dfkb08nfO{ lgb]{lzt ub{5 .
cfw'lgs ejg dfkb08x? ejg lgdf{0f, e"pkof]u of]hgf, hf]lgË tyf :6«Sr/ ;DaGwL k|fjwfgx?
kfngf xf];\ eGgfsf] nflu agfOg] ePtf klg :yfgLo :t/df th{'df ubf{ Jofjxfl/s k|of]u tyf
sfof{Gjogdf sltko sld sdhf]/Lx? b]lvG5g\ . o:tf sdL sdhf]/Lx?nfO{ dfkb08sf] k|fjwfg kfng
gu/L cJojl:yt t/Lsfn] ;x/ lj:tf/ tyf ejg;+lxtf kfng gu/]sf ejgx?sf cfwf/df n]vf hf]vf
tyf dfkg ug{ ;lsG5 .
cfjZostf eGbf a9L lgoGq0f / kl/jt{g ug{ g;lsg] :k]zLlkms]zgx?sf] cfwf/df Efjg dfkb08n]
ejg lgdf{0f of]hgf÷hf]lgË tyf :6Sr/ ;DaGwL cfjZostfx?nfO{ kfngf u/fpg] kl/sNkgf ug'{ xFb}g .
cfjZostf eGbf a9L lgoGq0fn] cfly{s pTkfbgdf k|lts"n k|efj kfb{5 .
ejg dfkb08 cGtu{tsf s]xL k|fjwfgx? cg'elj k|fljlws jf jf:t'snf lj1sf nflu klg hl6n x'g
;Sb5 . :ki6tfsf] cefjdf of]hgf l8hfOg tof/ ug{] bf}/fgdf s]xL k|fjwfgx?sf] k|of]udf c1fgtfa;
lgodfjnLsf] pNn+3g x'g ;Sb5 . o;y{ ejg dfkb08 Pp6f utLzLn b:tfj]h xf] / cfjZostf cg';f/ o;nfO{ a]nf avtdf kl/dfh{g ug'{ kb{5 .
ejg dfkb08sf] s]xL k|fjwfgx?n] cbfntn] dfq x]g{ ;Sg] bf]xf]/f]kgnfO{ k|>o lbPsf] x'g ;S5 . ;fy} ljleGg clwsf/ ;DkGg lgsfox?sf] k|fjwfgx?nfO{ Ps} kN6 kfngf ubf{ k|To]ssf] clwsf/ If]qdf ljjfb
cfpg] ub{5 . sfof{Gjog r/0fdf klg sltko d'2fx? / ;/f]sf/sf] ljifox?df b'ljwf pTkGg x'g ;Sb5 .
ljZjdf k|fljlwsf] kl/jt{gx? b'|tultdf eO/x]sf 5g\ . o;n] ubf{ cfunfuL, b"/;~rf/ oftfoft h:tf
sltko If]qx?df /flvPsf k|fjwfgx? ;dofg';f/ k'/fgf] sfd gnfUg] x'Fb} hfg] ub{5 . sltko cGo
Jofjxfl/s kIfx? 5g\ h;n] ubf{ Jojxf/df s]xL k|fjwfgx?nfO{ ejg dfkb08 ;Fu ldnfP/ cuf8L
a9fpg cK7\of/f] x'g] ub{5 . ;fy} :yfgLo lgsfon] w]/} ljnDa geP ;Dd jf s'g} k|fs[lts ljkb gcfP
;Dd cfunfuLaf6 ;'/Iff, k|fs[lts ljkb\, ;Dkbf tyf ;x/L :j?kdf rf;f] /fVg'kg{] cGo ljifox?nfO{
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
dx;'; u/]sf] x'Fb}g . o; dfkb08n] :yfgLo lgsfo tyf gu/ ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ cfˆgf] clwsf/ If]q
leq ejg lgdf{0f ug]{ ;DaGwL dfkb08 th'{df ug{ dfu{ lgb]{z ug]{5 eGg] ck]Iff /flvPsf] 5 .
o; dfkb08df v'nfOPsf k|fjwfgx? ;f+s]lts dfq ePsfn] ;DalGwt gu/kflnsf jf gu/ ljsf;
;ldlt jf k|flws/0fn] cfˆgf] cfjZostf cg';f/ o;df pNn]lvt k|fjwfgx?nfO{ x]/km]/ u/L lgodfg';f/
:jLs[lt u/fO{ nfu" ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . dfkb08 nfu" ubf{ lgDg kIfx?nfO{ Wofg lbg' h?/L x'G5 M–
-s_ ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt M– ;DalGwt gu/kflnsf jf gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt lxdfn, kxf8 jf t/fO{ dw]z
s'g ef}uf]lns If]qdf kb{5, ;f]xL cg';f/ s]xL k|fjwfgx?df cfjZos km]/abn ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 .
-v_ klxrfg M– ;DalGwt ;x/sf] klxrfgsf] ;an kIfsf] af/]df 5nkmn u/L to ug'{ k5{ . ko{6sLo
;x/ jf z}lIfs ;x/ jf Jofkfl/s s]Gb| jf ;]jf s]Gb| cflb dWo] s'g rfxL ;an kIf x'g ;S5 To;
;DaGwdf gu/ If]qsf /fhg}lts bn, a'l4hLjL tyf cGo :yfgLo hgtf aLr 5nkmn u/L to
ug'{ kb{5 . ;x/sf] klxrfgn] dfkb08sf] k|fjwfgdf w]/} k|efj kfg{ ;S5 .
-u_ ef}lts ljsf; of]hgf÷cfjlws of]hgf M– ljutdf s'g} cWoog ul/Psf] of]hgf eP To:tf
b:tfj]hnfO{ cWofjlws u/L To;df ePsf b"/b[li6nfO{ ;+af]wg ug]{ u/L dfkb08 tof/ u/]df pQm
;x/sf] nflu pkof]uL x'G5 .
!=^ kl/efiffx?
-s_ ;fdfGo
!= o;df ePsf lgodfjnLx?df ljifo jf k|;+un] km/s cy{ gnfu]df, kl/efiff k|To]s dfkb08df
pNn]v ul/P adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@= pkof]u, e"–pkof]u, se/]h, ˆnf]/ Pl/of cg'kft, ;]6Aofs, v'Nnf If]q, prfO{, 3/ tNnf ;+Vof,
cfjf; OsfOsf] ;+Vof, kfls{Ë dfkb08 cflbsf] ;DaGwdf ;a} k|sf/sf ejgx?sf] nflu ;a}n]
kfngf ug{} kg{] of]hgf÷hf]lgË of]hgf, ljlgodx? / To;df ;do ;dodf ul/Psf ;+;f]wgx?
o; wf/f cGtu{tsf ejg dfkb08sf ljlgodx?df nfu" x'g]5 . pko'{Qm ljlgodx?df ul/Psf ;a} kl/dfh{g tyf ;+;f]wgx? of] dfkb08sf] c+usf] ?kdf ;dfj]z ePsf] dflgg]5 .
v_ kl/efiff
!= æP]gÆ – gu/ ljsf; P]g @)$% jf :jfoQ zf;g P]g @)%%
@= æk|flws/0f÷gu/kflnsf÷gu/ ljsf; ;ldltÆ – o; kl5 k|flws/0f÷g=kf=÷g=lj=; egL ;Daf]wg
ePsf] ;DalGwt ljifodf clwsf/ If]q k|fKt :yfgLo lgsfo jf ;ldlt
#= ljefu M eGgfn] ;x/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu hgfpF5 .
$= l8eLhg sfof{no M eGgfn] ljefu cGtu{tsf] l8eLhg sfof{no hgfpF5 .
%= k|flws/0f M eGgfn] sf7df8f}+ pkTosf ljsf; k|fwLs/0f jf To:t} lsl;dsf] Pp6f lglZrt
ef}uf]lns ;Ldfgf leq /x]sf] ;x/L ljsf; k|flws/0f hgfpF5 .
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
^= g=lj=; M gu/ ljsf; P]g @)$% cGtu{t u7g ul/Psf] gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt hgfpF5 .
&= g=kf= M g=kf eGgfn] gu/kflnsf hgfpF5 .
*= ejgsf] If]qkmn– ejgsf] ;DaGwdf If]qkmn eGgfn] ejgsf] aflx/L uf/f] / ejgn] cf]u6]sf] uf/f]
;dfj]z ePsf] KnLGyn]endf xf]/Lh]G6n ;]S;gsf] If]qkmn eGg] a'lemG5 .
(= æPo/slG8;gLËÆ– s'g} 9flsPsf] 7fpFsf] cfjZostf k"/f ug{ jfo'sf] tfkqmd, pi0ftf, ;kmfO{ /
ljt/0fnfO{ Ps} kN6 lgoGq0fsf] nflu ul/g] k|zf]wg k|lqmof .
!)= æyk tyf÷jf kl/jt{gÆ – dfkb08df eP cg';f/ If]qdf kl/jt{g jf prfOdf kl/jt{g jf ejgsf]
s'g} efu x6fpg] jf s'g} uf/f] cyjf To;sf] efu sf6\g], 5]sjf/ nufpg] snd, aLd, e"O{ jf
cfjt hfjtsf s'g} kx'FrnfO{ jGb jf kl/jt{g ug{] .
!!= æ;]jf ;'ljwfÆ – ;8s, af6f], v'Nnf If]q, kfs{, dgf]/~hg If]q, v]nd}bfg, au}+rf, vfg]kfgL,
ljB't cfk"lt{, ;8s aQL, 9n, ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f sfo{x? / cGo ;]jf ;'ljwf tyf cfjZos
ljifox?nfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
!@= æ:jLs[t ePsf]Æ – o; dfkb08 cGtu{t gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt÷k|flws/0f÷gu/kflnsfn] :jLs[t
u/]sf] eGg] a'lemG5 .
!#= æafb{nLÆ – cfpg hfg x'g] jf j:g ;lsg] kf/fkL6, XofG8/]n, afn'i6«]8 ;d]tsf] xf]/Lh]G6n
SofG6Ln]e/ jf cGo k|f]h]S;g .
!$= æj];d]G6Æ – k"0f{ jf cflz+s ?kn] hdLg d'gL /x]sf] ejgsf] tNnf .
!%= æejgÆ– eGgfn] dfgj a;f]af;sf] nflu k|of]ux'g] jf gx'g], s'g} klg p2]Zosf] nflu lgdf{0f x'g] /
h'g;'s} lgdf{0f ;fdu|Laf6 lgdf{0f ul/g] :6Sr/ o;df tn lbOPsf cg';f/ ;dfj]z x'g ;S5 M
s_ hu, KnLGy, uf/f], e"O{, 5fgf, lrDgL, KnDjLË tyf ejg ;]jfx?, h8fg ul/Psf Kn]6kmd{x?
v_ a/08f, afb{nL, sgL{;, k|f]h]Szg cflb .
u_ ejgsf] efux? / To;df h8fg ePsf s'g} s'/f
3_ s'g} hUuf jf 7fpFnfO{ 3]g{sf] nflu agfOPsf uf/f]x?, :6Sr/x? cflb .
ª_ t/n /f;folgsx? Jff kfgL e08f/ ug{ lgdf{0f ul/Psf jf h8fg ul/Psf 6ofª\sLx?, kf}8L
v]Ng] kf]v/Lx? cflb .
æ;ef ejgÆ– /dfOnf] ug{, dgf]/Ghgsf] nflu ;fdflhs, wfld{s e|d0f jf cGo p2]Zox?sf] nflu
hg ;d"x e]nf x'g] ejg jf ejgsf] efu . o;df gfr3/, l;g]df xn, ;efxnx?, l;6Lxnx?,
cl86f]/Lod, k|bz{gxn, Do"lhod, zfl//Ls Aofofdzfnf, /]i6'F/f, vfg] a:g] 3/x?, k'hfsf]7fx?, gfr3/, Snjx?, hLdvfgf / ;8s /]Nj], xjfOhxfh, kfgLhxfh jf cGo ;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf
:6]zgx? / dgf]/~hg :ynx? ;dfj]z x'g ;S5 .
æJoj;flos ejgÆ – Joj;flos sf/f]jf/, n]vf clen]v /fVg] sfof{nox?, a}sx?, k]zfut kmd{x?, Aoj;flos sf/f]af/ / n]vf clen]v /fVgdf k|of]u x'g] s'g} ejg jf ejgsf] efunfO{
hgfpF5 .
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
æz}lIfs ejgÆ M pko'Qm af]8{ jf ljZj ljBfno jf cGo clwsf/ k|fKt lgsfoaf6 dfGotf k|fKt
ljBfno jf dxfljBfnosf] ?kdf k"0f{ ?kn] k|of]u x'g] ejg . o;df k|lzIf0fsf] nflu pkof]u x'g]
ejg z}lIfs p2]Zosf] nflu cfjZos dgf]/~hg tyf cg';Gwfg k|lti7fgx? ;d]t ;dfj]z x'g]5 .
o;df cTofjZos sfd{rf/Lx?sf] nflu cfjfl;o ejgx? / z}lIfs ;+:yf;+u cfj4 cfˆgf] SofDk;
leq jf aflx/ /x]sf 5fqfjf;x?nfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
æcf}Bf]lus ejgÆ M P;]DjnL KnfG6, k|of]uzfnfx?, kfj/KnfG6x?, l/kmfOg/Lx?, UofF; KnfG6x?,
dLnx?, b'Uw pBf]ux?, snsf/vfgfx? h:tf j:t' pTkfbg ug{, h8fg ug{ jf k|zf]wg ug{df
pkof]u x'g] ejg jf ejgsf] efunfO{ hgfpF5 .
æ;+:yfut ejgÆ M ;/sf/L jf cw{;/sf/L ;+u7g jf dfGotf k|fKt u'7Ln] lgdf{0f u/]sf]] ;f+:s[lts
tyf ;+a4 lqmofsnfkx?sf nflu ;ef ejg cl86f]l/od jf zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s /f]uaf6 u|l;t
JolQmx?sf] :ofxf/ ;';f/ ug{], leGg t/Lsfn] ;Ifd JolQmx?, 6'x'/fx?sf] :ofxf/ ;';f/ ug]{, Psn
dlxnf, jfnjflnsf, ul/j cyjf h]i7 gful/sx?nfO{ ;'Tg] Aoj:yf ePsf] ejgx? . o;df lgDg
lnlvt ejgx? ;dfj]z x'g ;S5 . wd{zfnfx?, c:ktfnx?, ofnvfgf, dfgl;s c:ktfn,
;'wf/u[x ejgx? cflb .
æJofkfl/s ejgx?Æ M lgDg lnlvt k|of]usf] ejgx? M k;nx?, e08f/0f ug]{ uf]bfd ejg,
k|bz{gLsf] nflu ahf/, yf]s jf v'b|f Jofkf/ cflbsf] nflu pkof]u ul/g] ejgx?
æax'tNn] ejg jf cUnf ejgx?Æ M % tNnf eGbf a9L tyf÷jf ;8ssf] hldg n]enaf6 !% ld6/
prfO{ eGbf a9L ePsf] ejg .
æax'tNn] ;jf/L kfls{ËÆ M b'O{ jf a9L tNnfx? hdLg d'gL jf dfly ePsf] uf8L df]6/;fO{snx?
Kfls{Ë ul/g] ejg
sfof{no ejgx?M sfof{no jf sfof{no p2]Zox?sf] nflu jf sfof{no ;xfos sfo{x?sf] nflu k|of]u
x'g] ejg jf ejgsf] efu sfof{no p2]Zox?df lgDg lnlvt ljifox? ;dfj]z x'g ;S5 M–
k|zf;lgs p2]Zox?, ;xfos sfo{x?, /sd sf/f]jf/, 6]lnkmf]g tyf sDKo'6/ ck/]6/ cflb
;xfos sfo{df
n]vfk9L, n]vf /]s8{, sfuh w'nfpg], 6fOlkË, kmfOlnË, k|sfzgsf] nflu ;Dkfbg ;DaGwL sfo{x?
ljz]if ejg M o;df lgDg lnlvt ;dfj]z x'g]5 M–
;efu[x, cf}wf]lus ejg, yf]s Jofkf/sf] nflu k|of]u x'g] ejgx?, xf]6]nx?, 5fqfjf;x?, k"0f{tM
jftfj/0f cg's'lnt agfOPsf ejgx?, !% ld6/ eGbf a8L prfO{ ePsf ejgx? / ^)) ju{ ld=
eGbf a9L If]qkmn ePsf] 3/ .
e08f/ u[xM e08f/0fsf] nflu k|of]u x'g] ejg jf ejgsf] efu . uf]bfd 3/, sf]N8 :6f]/ 9'jfgL l8kf],
kl/jxg z]8, :6f]/ xfp;, ;fj{hlgs Uof/]h, xfFu/, 6«s 6ld{gn, tj]nfx? cflb .
cfjf;Lo ejg M ;fwf/0f cfjf;Lo k|of]udf cfpg] ;'Tg] a:g] ejg h;df ksfpg] ;'ljwfx? /x]sf] x'G5 .
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
o;df Ps jf a9L kl/jf/sf] a;f]jf;, ckf6{d]]G6 3/x? ˆnf6x? / lghL Uof/]hx? ;dfa]z x'g ;S5 .
5'6\6} ejg M cGo ejgx?n] g5f]Psf uf/f] tyf 5fgf ePsf] / 38]/Lsf] rf/} tkm{ vfln hUuf ePsf] ejg .
;]dL l86\ofR8 ejg M o; ljlgoddf pNn]v ul/Psf tLg ;fO8df v'Nnf hUuf ePsf] ejg .
c;'/lIft ejg M o;df lgDg lnlvt ejgx? ;dfj]z x'g ;S5 M
c;''/lIft :6«Sr/ ePsf] 3/
c:j:y
cfjt hfjt ug{ kx'Fr kof{Kt gePsf]
cfunfuLsf] vt/f a9L ePsf]
/xg a:gsf] nflu vt/fk"0f{
df}h'bf pkof]usf sf/0fn] ubf{ ;'/Iff, :jf:Yo jf hgsNof0fdf vt/f ePsf] -k|of]udf gePsf]_
gf]6M ;a} c;'/lIft ejg :6Sr/x?nfO{ ;x/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefu ÷gu/kflnsfsf] lgb{]zgdf dd{{t u/L k'gM:yfkgf ug'{ kg{]5 . o:tf ejgx? lj?4 sf/jfxL ubf{ ljefu÷gu/kflnsfn] cjnDag ug{] ljlwx? k|rlnt P]g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!^= ejg /]vf M o;n] s'g} ejgsf] lKnGyn] 5'g] :yfg jf ;8sdf tf]lsPsf] /]vf nfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
!&= ejgsf] prfO{ M ejg prfO{sf] gfk
!= ;dtn 5fgf ePdf ;fd'Gg]sf] ;8s ;txaf6 ejgsf] ;aeGbf cUnf] efusf] 6'Kkf] ;Dd .
@= :nf]k 5fgf ePdf aflx/L uf/f] / 5fgfsf] ;txsf] ldng ljGb';Ddsf] prfO{ .
#= ;8s ;fd'Gg] le/fnf] efu ePdf le/fnf] efu tNnf] efu / 6'Kkf] efusf] dWo ljGb' ;Ddsf] prfO{ .
ejgsf] ;hfj6 afx]s cGo p2]Zosf] nflu /flvPsf] jf:t'snf ;DaGwL ljz]iftfx?nfO{ prfO{sf] gfkdf ;dfj]z ul/g] 5}g .
!*= 5Hhf -Sofgf]kL_ M o;n] tn n]lvPcg';f/ ePdf lnG6]nsf] n]en ;Dd uf/f] b]lv ejgsf] 4f/ ;Ddsf] SofG6Lne/ k|f]h]SzgnfO{ a'emfpF5 .
s_ 38]/L /]vf eGbf of] jflx/ glg:sg] u/L /fVg] .
v_ o;sf] prfO{ hdLgaf6 @=# ld= eGbf sd g/fVg] .
u_ o;df s'g} :6«Sr/ g/fVg] / dflyNnf] efu cfsfz tkm{ v'Nnf /fVg] .
!(= lrDgL M w'Fjf tyf cGo pT;h{gx? v'Nnf xfjfdf k|jfx ug{sf] nflu ul/g] lgdf{0f . o;df lrDgL
kfOk ;dfj]z ePsf] x'G5 .
@)= pkof]u kl/jQ{g M :jLs[lt lnPsf] -gS;f kf; u/]sf]_ eGbf a]Un} lsl;dsf] pkof]u ug'{k/]df
;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 cg'dlt lng'kg]{ ljlw .
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
@!= rf]sM v'Nnf 7fpF k"0f{tM jf cf+lzs ?kdf ejgx?n] 3]/]sf] :yfg. rf]s hldg n]en jf cGo n]
endf x'g ;Sg]5 .
@@= 9fs]sf] If]q -se8{ Pl/of_ M KnLGy n]endf ejgn] 9fs]sf] hdLg If]q . o;df tn n]lvPsf]
;dfj]z x'g] 5}g .
s= au}+rf, Ogf/ tyf ;f] ;DaGwL :6«Sr/x?, g;{/L, kfgL kf]v/L :jLldËk'n -g9flsPsf]_
To; j/Lkl/sf] Kn]6kmd{, v'Nnf wf/f ePsf], uf/f]n] g3]/]sf] kfgLsf] kmf]xf]/f .
v_ 9n, sNe6{ kfOk, s}r lk6, RofDa/, u6/ cflb tyf sDkfp08 jfn, d"n 4f/,
5Hhf, 5fgfn] 9fs]sf If]qx? Jff To:t} cGo k|f]h]S;gx? / dfly tyf slDtdf tLg
;fO8df v'Nnf /x]sf] e¥ofË .
@#= 8foDk k|'kmLª M lr;f] tyf cf];Lnf] hldgaf6 arfpg jf6/ k'|kmLª /;fogsf] k|of]u ug]{ sfo{
@$= 8«]g]h M kmf]xf]/ kfgL lgisfzg ug{] p2]Zon] lgdf{0f ul/Psf] agf]6
@%= 9n M kmf]xf]/ kfgL lgsf; ug]{ p2]Zon] d}g xf]n ;d]t /fvL lgdf{0f ul/Psf] kfOknfOgx?sf]
k|0ffnL . o;df ;tx kfgLsf] nflu v'Nnf 8«]g]h / kmf]xf]/ kfgL lgisfzgsf] nflu lgdf{0f ul/Psf]
b'j} x'g ;S5 .
@^= cfjf; OsfO{ M Ps kl/jf/sf] nflu pkof]u x'g]] ejg jf ;f]sf] efu .
@&= clts|d0f M :yfgLo lgsfosf] ;/sf/L hUuf jf lgld{t ;DklQdf :yfoL c:yfoL ?kdf ef]u
ug{] jf clwsf/ hdfpg] s'g} klg sfo{ .
@*= ;"lrs[t OlGhlgo/ jf cfls{6]S6 M s'g} klg :jLs[t n]cfp6 Knfg cg';f/ !% ld= prfO{
;Ddsf] / Ps x]S6/ ;Ddsf] 38]/Lsf] ejg of]hgfx? t}of/ ug{ clwsf/ k|fKt JolQmsf] ?kdf
gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt÷gu/kflnsfaf6 ;"rLs[t ul/Psf] JolQm .
@(= rf/}lt/ 3]/LPsf] e¥ofË M cfunfuL lg/f]ws uf/f]x? tyf 9f]sfx?af6 afFsL ejg ;Fu
5'6\ofOPsf] e¥ofË eGg] a'lemG5 .
#)= df}h'bf ejgx? M o; ejg lgodfjnL nfu" x'g cuf8L gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt÷gu/kflnsfaf6
:jLs[t ?kdf ljBdfg ejg jf :6«Sr/ .
#!= df}h'bf pkof]uM o; lgodfjnL nfu" x'g cl3 ;x/L If]q÷gu/kflnsfaf6 :jLs[t eO{ clws[t
?kdf ljBdfg ejg tyf :6«Sr/sf] pkof]u .
#!= aflx/L uf/f] M csf{] ejg;Fu hf]l8Psf] ePtfklg kf6L{;g jfn gePsf] ejgsf] aflx/L uf/f] .
#@= lgsf; M ejgsf] s'g} tNnf jf e'O{af6 af6f]tkm{ hfg] axL/udgsf] dfWod .
##= cfunfuL tyf÷jf cfkt\sfnLg ;"rgf k|0ffnL M cfunfuL x'Fbf cnfd{ ;+s]tx?sf] k|jfx tyf
;"rgf lbg], ;fO/g lbg] cflb cf}hf/x?sf] Aoj:yfnfO{ a'emfpF5 .
#$= kmfo/ lnk\m6 M cfunfuL jf cGo cfktsf] cj:yfdf cfunfuL ;]jf k|bfosx?sf] nflu
k|of]udf NofOg] ljz]if k|sf/sf] lnˆ6 .
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
#%= cfunfuL lg/f]ws 9f]sf M s]xL cjlwsf] nflu tfk tyf cfunflusf] k|jfxnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{
lgdf{0f tyf h8fg ul/Psf] 9f]sf jf ;6/ .
#^= kmfo/ kDk M pko'Qm OlGhg jf df]6/ ;+u hf]l8Psf] kDkaf6 kfgL k|jfx ug{sf] nflu afXo
kfj/af6 ;Grflnt d]l;g .
#&= cfunflu k|lt/f]ws b"/L -kmfo/ ;]k/];g_ M ;fO6df /x]sf] s'g} cGo ejg jf cGo ;fO6sf]
jf ;8ssf] csf]{ ;fO6 jf ejg cuf8Lsf] ;fj{hlgs 7fpFsf] Go'gtd b"/L .
#*= cfunfuL k|lt/f]ws ejg M pko'Qm ;fdu|Laf6 lgdf{0f ul/Psf] ejg
#(= e'O+{ M s'g} klg tNnfsf] tNnf] ;tx . hldg ;txsf] tNnfnfO{ e'O{ tNnf elgG5 . To;dflysf]
tNnfnfO{ klxnf] tNnf . To; kl5 bf];|f] tNnf cflb .
$)= k\mnf]/ Pl/of cg'kft -kmf/_ M ;a} tNnfx?sf] s"n If]qkmn / 38]/Lsf] s'n If]qkmnsf] cg'kftM
ˆnf]/ Pl/of cg'kft ;a} tNnfdf ˆnf]/ P/Lofsf] hf]8 / hUufsf] s'n If]qkmn o; lgodfjnL
cGtu{t ;dfj]z x'g' gkg{] If]qkmnnfO{ ;dfj]z ul/g] 5}g .
$!= km'6Lª M ejgsf] ef/ nfO{ a9L If]qkmndf ljt/0f ug{] p2]Zon] O6\6f, 9'+uf jf s+lqm6n] uf/f]
jf sndsf] a]zdf lgdf{0f ul/g] husf] OsfOnfO{ a'emfFp5 .
$@= hu M :6«Sr/sf] hldg ;Fu hf]l8Psf efu h;n] o;dfly cfOk/]sf] ef/ -nf]8_ nfO{ ljt/0f ub{5 .
$#= lghL Uof/]h M uf8L÷;jf/L ;fwg kfs{ ug{ k|of]u ul/Psf] ejg jf ;f]sf] efu .
$$= ;fj{hlgs Uof/]h M lghL Uof/]hsf] ?kdf afx]s gfkmfsf] nflu ;+rfng x'g] ;jf/L ;fwgx?sf]
dd{t, ;le{l;Ë, pkof]u, j]rljvg, :6f]/ ug{ jf kfs{ ug{ k|of]u ul/g] ejg jf To;sf] efu .
$%= ;+o'Qm cfjf; -Pkf6{d]G6 cfjf;_ M b'O{ jf b'OeGbf a9L cfjf; OsfO{ /fvL agfOPsf] b'O{ jf
b'O{eGbf a9L tNnf ePsf] cfjf;Lo ejg .
$^= ;d'lxs cfjf; M ;femf ;]jf ;'ljwfx? ePsf] b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf a9L cfjf; OsfOx? ePsf] Ps
jf a9L tNnf ePsf] lgld{t jf lgdf{0f x'g] ejg .
$&= cfjf; of]Uo sf]7f M dfgj j;f]jf;sf] nflu pkof]]u ul/Psf pkof]usf] nflu l8hfO{g ePsf] sf]7f . o;df efG5f sf]7f, jfy?d, n'uf w'g] :yfg, eG8f/, s/L8/, k"hf sf]7f tyf ;fwf/0ftM k|of]udf gcfpg] 7fpFx? ;dfj]z x'Fb}g .
$*= kf/fkL6 M 5fgf jf e'O{+sf] lsgf/fdf agfOPsf] xf]rf] uf/f] jf /]lnª .
$(= cg'dlt jf kdL{6 M ejg dfkb08 cg';f/ ul/g] ljsf; lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu clwsf/ k|fKt gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt÷k|flws/0f÷ljefu÷gu/kflnsfn] lnlvt ?kdf lbOg] cf}krfl/s cg'dlt
jf clwsf/kq .
%)= KnLGy M ;Fu}sf] hldg ;tx / hldg dflysf] e'O{sf] ;tx aLrsf] :6«Sr/sf] efu .
%!= KnLGy P/Lof M s'g} tNnf jf a];d]G6sf] e'O{ n]endf 9flsPsf] lgld{t If]q .
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
%@= kf]r{ M ejgdf k}bn jf uf8Laf6 ejg k|j]z ug{sf nflu agfOPsf dfly 5fgf ePsf] 7fpF
%#= ;8ssf] /fO6 ckm j] M ;8s b'j} tkm{sf] ;Ldfgf larsf] rf}8fO{
%$= nx/] cfjf; -/f] xfphLË_ M cuf8L k5f8L / ejg leq dfq v'Nnf 7fpF ePsf] k/:k/ hf]l8Psf
ejgx?sf] nx/] ;d"x
%%= sf]7fsf] prfO{ M tof/L e"O{ ;tx b]lv l;lnË ;Ddsf]] 7f8f] b'/L .
%^= ;]jf dfu{ M ;]jf ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] 38]/Ls]f cuf8L k5f8L jf ;fO8df /x]sf] ;8s jf
uNnL .
%&= ;]6 a}s /]vf M gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt÷k|flws/0f÷gu/kflnsfx?n] cg'dlt lbP jfx]s s]lx lgdf{0f
ug{ gkfO{g] ul/ 38]/Lsf] ;Ldf / gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt÷k|flws/0f÷gu/kflnsfn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf
jf u'? of]hgf÷hf]lgË Knfgn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] /]vf .
%*= ‰ofn M 9f]sf afx]ssf] aflx/ v'Ng] ‰ofnn] cfjZos jf cf+lzs ?kdf k|fs[lts k|sfz jf
e]lG6n]zg jf b'a} leqL 7fpFdf k'¥ofpF5 . cfpg hfgsf] nflu ‰ofnsf] k|of]u x'b}g .
%(= hf]lgË of]hgf M u'? of]hgf eGbf lj:t[t of]hgf . o;n] u"? of]hgf / n]cfp6 of]hgfnfO{ cfj4
u5{ . o;df ;fO6 Knfg, e"pkof]u of]hgf x'g ;S5 . o;n] ;fj{hlgs tyf cw{ ;fj{hlgs
ejgx?÷lgdf{0fx?, ;'ljwfx?, ;8s, cfjf;, dgf]/Ghg, pBf]u, Aoj;fo, ahf/x?,
ljBfnox?, c:ktfnx?, v'Nnf If]qx?sf] cjl:ylt bzf{p5 . o;n] hg;+Vof 3gTj tyf If]q
x?sf] ljsf;sf] ljleGg kIfx?sf] dfkb08 ;d]t tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
^)= cw{ Goflos ;ldlt -h'/L_ M ljz]if ejgx?sf] :jLs[ltsf] nflu / lgdf{0fsf] ;dodf p7\g]
ljjfb\x? lg/fs/0f ug{sf] nflu h'/Ln] gu/kflnsf OlGhlgo/ jf clws[tnfO{ ;'emfjx?÷
l;kmfl/;x? lbg]5 . h'/Ldf lgDg ;b:ox? /fVg ;lsg] 5 . cfjZostfcg';f/ / ;d:ofsf]
k|s[lt cg';f/ cGo lgsfonfO{ ;d]t cfdlGqt ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
s_ ;8s ljefusf] k|ltlglw ! hgf
v_ vfg]kfgL tyf 9n lgsf; ljefu, k|ltlglw ! hgf
u_ ljB''t ljefu, k|ltlglw ! hgf
3_ b"/;~rf/ ;+:yfg, k|ltlglw ! hgf
ª_ gful/s ;dfhsf] k|ltlglw ! hgf
r_ gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt jf k|flws/0fsf] k|ltlglw ! hgf
5_ ;x/L ljsf; tyf ejg lgdf{0f ljefusf] k|ltlglw ! hgf
h_ :yflgo pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3sf] k|ltlglw ! hgf
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
@=! clwsf/ If]q M
h'g glj;÷k|flws/0f÷gu/kflnsf÷;x/L s]Gb|sf] nflu ejg dfkb08 agfOPsf] xf] To;df x'g] ejg
lgdf{0f tyf cGo ljsf; lgdf{0fsf lqmofsnfkx?df of] ejg dfkb08 nfu" x'g]5 .
s= ljsf; tyf lgdf{0f M tn cGo Joj:yf eP afx]s of] ejg dfkb08 ;a} ljsf;, k'gMlgdf{0f, ejg
lgdf{0f tyf dd{t ;+ef/ cflbsf] ;fy} ejgsf] l8hfOg, lgdf{0f, yk jf kl/jt{gx?sf] nflu nfu"
x'g]5 .
v= cf+lzs lgdf{0f M cGoq tf]lsP afx]s of] ejg dfkb08 s'g} ejg jf To;sf] s'g} efu eTsfOPsf,
kl/jt{g ul/Psf jf k"gMlgdf{0f ul/Psf hlt lgdf{0f sfo{ ul/Psf] xf] To;df dfq nfu" x'g]5 .
u= pkof]u kl/jt{g M cGoq tf]lsP afx]s ejgsf] pkof]udf kl/jt{g ePdf kl/jt{gaf6 k|efljt
ejgdf of] dfkb08 nfu" x'g]5 .
3= k'gMlgdf{0f M glj;÷k|fwLs/0f÷g=kf=sf] kl/If0f tyf cfb]zfg';f/ c;'/lIft ePdf, cfunflu, k|fs[lts ?kn] gi6 ePdf jf eTsfOPdf, jf eTsfOg] ;+efjgf ePdf / ;f]sf] nflu g=lj=;=÷
k|fwLs/0f÷g=kf=n] cfjZos cfb]z lbPdf k'gMlgdf{0fnfO{ o; dfkb08 adf]lhd cg'dlt lbOg]5 .
ª= cy{ nufpg] M o; dfkb08n] jt{dfg sfn / eljiosfnnfO{ klg hgfpF5, k'lnËn] :qLlnËnfO{ klg
hgfpF5, Ps argn] ax'argnfO{ klg hgfpF5 / ax'argn] Ps argnfO{ klg hgfpF5 . JolQm
zJbn] AolQm;/xsf] ?kdf ;+:yfg ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 . n]lvPsf]n] d'lb|t / 6fOlkË klg hgfpF5 / ;xL 5fk -a'9L cf}+nfsf]_ ;+u} lghsf] gfd n]lvPsf] 5 eg] ;xL5fkn] n]Vg ghfGg]sf] x:tfIf/nfO{
;d]t hgfpF5 .
kl/R5]b @ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08sf] clwsf/ If]q / pkof]u
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
@=@ ljsf; M
@=@=! ljsf; cg'dlt M hUuf ljsf;sf] n]cfp6 gSzf glj;÷k|flws/0f÷gu/kflnsfaf6 :jLs[t
geP ;Dd s'g} JolQmn] :jLs[t n]cfp6 gSzf jf of]hgf lgodfg';f/ cg'dlt glnO{ s'g}
38]/L jf hUufdf ljefhg sfo{ tyf s'g} klg lgdf{0f, ljsf; jf k'gMlgdf{0f sfo{ ug'{
x'Fb}g .
@=@=@ ejg lgdf{0f cg'dlt M glj;÷k|flws/0f÷gkfaf6 k|To]s ejgsf] nflu 5'6\6} k"j{ lgdf{0f
cg'dlt k|fKt gu/L s'g}klg AolQmn] s'g} klg ejgdf lgdf{0f ug{], k'gMlgdf{0f ug{], yk
ug{], jf cbnabn ug{] sfo{ ug'{ xFb}g .
@=@=# k'/fgf ejg lgdf{0f cg'dlt M of] ejg dfkb08 nfu" x'g'eGbf cufl8 glj;÷
k|flws/0f÷gu/kflnsfn] s'g} ejg lgdf{0f cg'dlt kfl/t u/]sf] eP / lgdf{0f sfo{ eO{
/x]sf] t/ kfl/t ul/Psf] cg'dlt cg';f/ tf]lsPsf] cjlw leq ;DkGg gePsf] eP pQm
cg'dlt o;} dfkb08 cGtu{t lbOPsf] dflgg]5 . dfly pNn]v eP cg';f/ olb cg'dltsf]
Dofb ;lsPsf] t/ lgdf{0f sfo{ ;'? gePsf] cj:yfdf lgdf{0f sfo{ o;} ejg lgdf{0f
dfkb08sf] k|fjwfgaf6 lgb{]lzt x'g]5 .
@=# ejg lgdf{0f cg'dlt -gS;fkf;_ k|fKt ug{] sfo{ljlwx?M
@=#=! ;"rgf lbg] M ejgsf] s'g} efudf lgdf{0f ug{], k'gMlgdf{0f ug{] jf kl/jt{g ug{] jf s'g} ejg
eTsfpg rfxg] k|To]s JolQmn] tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf lnlvt ?kdf glj;÷k|flws/0f÷gkfnfO{
;"rgf lbg'kg{]5 . o:tf ;"rgfdf gSzfx? tyf hUuf :jfldTj ;DaGwL k|df0fx?sf] kof{Kt
k|ltlnlkx? ;dfj]z x'g'kg{]5 . cg'dlt k|bfg ePklg gePklg o:tf gSzfsf] Ps ;]6
clen]vsf] nflu glj;÷k|flws/0f÷gkfsf] sfof{nodf /flvg]5 .
@=#=@ gSzfx? tyf Joxf]/fx?sf] k|ltlnlkx? M glj; ÷k|flws/0f÷gkf af6 lgdf{0f cg'dlt rflxg]
ejg of]hgfx?sf] xsdf gSzf tyf cGo sfuhkqsf] k|ltlnlksf] ;+Vof ;fdfGotof $
;]6 x'g' kg{]5 . ejg lgdf{0fsf] cg'dlt lngsf] nflu ejg lgodfjnLn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf]
kmd]{6df bvf{:t kmf/d tof/ u/L g=lj=;=÷g=kf=÷k|flws/0fn] pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 .
@=#=# ;"rgf ;+u} lbg'kg{] hfgsf/Lx? M ;"rgfdf cjl:ytL gSzf, ;fO6Knfg, ;jl8lehg÷
n]cfp6Knfg, ejg gSzf, ;]jf ;'ljwf of]hgf, :k]l;lkms]zgx? tyf ;'kl/j]If0fsf] k|df0f, hUufwgL nfnk'hf{ glj;÷k|flws/0f÷gkf tf]s]sf] cGo b:tfj]hx? ;+nUg x'g'
kg{]5 .
@=#=$ b:tfj]hx? M ejg lgdf{0f cg'dltsf] nflu lbOg] cfb]zdf tn lbOPsf b:tfj]hx?
;dfj]z x'g' kg{]5 .
-s_ 38]/L÷;DklQsf] ef}lts j0f{g ePsf] hUufwgL sfuhftx?, ;8s rf}8fO{sf] k|df0f, ;8s rf}8fO{sf] nflu cfjZos hUuf x:tfGt/0f ug]{ ;DaGwL ;xdlt, ;fO6Knfg
cflb .
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
-v_ s/f/df jf nLhdf lnPsf] hUuf eP ;f] ;DaGwL zt{gfdf tyf cGo cfjZos
hUufwgL k|df0fx?
-u_ cfjZos k/]df u'? of]hgf÷hf]lgË gSzf cg';f/sf] e"–pkof]u of]hgf, ;8ssf]
rf}8fO{ ;DaGwdf glj;÷k|flws/0f÷gkfaf6 kq
-3_ ;"rLs[t ejgx?sf] ;DaGwdf jf k'/ftflTjs If]qdf ePsf ejgx?sf] ;DaGwdf
glj;÷k|flws/0f÷gkfnfO{ cfjZos kg{] cGo s'g} hfgsf/L÷sfuhft .
@=( gSzfx?df ;xL5fk ug{] M
glj;÷k|flws/0f÷gkfdf k]z ug{' cl3 ;a} gS;fx?df wgLx?sf] / of]Uotf k|fKt
glj;÷ k|flws/0f÷gkfdf btf{ ePsf OlGhlgo/÷cfls{6]S6sf] x:tfIf/ x'g'kg{]5 .
@=$ ;fO6Knfg÷nf]s];g Knfg
@=$=! nf]s];g Knfg M :jLs[t n]–cfp6 of]hgf gePsf] If]qdf l5d]ssf] hUuf ;d]tsf]
l;dfgf tyf cjl:ylt b]vfOPsf]] !M!),))) :s]nsf] nf]s];g Knfg lgj]bg ;+u} k]z
ug{'kg{]5 .
@=$=@ ;fO6 Knfg M cg'dltsf] nflu cfj]bg lbbf ;+nUg /fVg kg{] ;fO6 Knfgsf] :s]n %))
ju{ ld= ;Ddsf] nflu !M !)) / %)) au{ ld= eGbf dflysf] nflu !M%)) x'g' kg{] 5 .
Knfgdf tn n]lvPsf s'/fx? bzf{OPsf] x'g'kg{]5 M
-s_ ;fO6sf] l;dfgfx? / To;;+u} hf]l8Psf]] hUUffx?
-v_ l5d]ssf] ;8ssf] kl/k]|Ifdf ;fO6sf] cjl:ylt
-u_ ejgsf] cjl:yltdf kg{] ;8sx?sf] gfdx? -ePdf dfq_
-3_ ;fO6df jf ;fO6sf] cuf8L k5f8L ePsf ljBdfg ejgx? .
-ª_ dfly -s_ sf] ;Gbe{df lgj]bsn] cfˆgf] hUuf;Fu} hf]l8Psf] ;+u}sf] hUufdf
lgdf{0f ug{ rfx]df ejg;Dd k'Ug] kx'Fr dfu{ .
-r_ xfjfsf] v'Nnf ;s'{n];g / k|sfz tyf kx'Frsf] nflu ejg ;+u} 5f]l8Psf] 7fFp .
-5_ ePdf 3/sf] bfofF jfFof tyf k5f8Lsf] ;8ssf] rf}8fO{ .
-h_ ejgsf] of]hgfsf] ;DaGwdf pQ/ lbzf .
-em_ ljBdfg ef}lts ;+/rgfx?
-`_ ;Dk"0f{ ;DklQsf] hUufsf] If]qkmn / o; lgodfjnLdf Aoj:yf ePsf] se/]h
cg';f/sf] s"n 38]/Lsf] If]qkmnsf] ;DaGwdf k|To]s tNnfdf x'g cfpg] se8{
Pl/ofsf] efu .
-6_ cfjZos k/]df kfls{Ë If]q b]vfOPsf] kfls{Ë of]hgf .
-7_ glj;÷k|flws/0f÷gkfn] tf]s]sf] cGo o:t} ljj/0fx? .
-8_ ejg lgdf{0f x'g] 3/hUuf ;DklQdf ejg gDa/ jf 38]/L gDa/ .
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
@=$=# n]–cfp6 Knfg M e"–pkof]u of]hgfsf] gd{x? cg';f/ n]cfp6 Knfgsf] th{'df ul/g]5
. ;DalGwt P]gsf] k|fjwfg cg';f/ glj;÷k|flws/0f÷gkfn] cg';/0f ug{] sfo{ ljlw
cg';f/ :jLs[t ul/g]5 .
@=$=$ Nof08:s]k gSzf M o;sf] :s]n %)) ju{ ld= ;Ddsf] nflu !M!)) / ;f] eGbf dflysf]
If]qkmnsf] nflu !M%)) x'g]5 . o;df cfjfudg, kfls{Ë :ynx?, af6fx?, xl/ofnL
tyf a[If/f]k0fx? c+lst ul/Psf] x'G5 .
@=$=% ejg gSzfM ;"rgf ;+u} ;+nUg ul/g] ejgsf] gSzf, On]e];g tyf ;]S;gx? @%) ju{
ld= ;Ddsf] 38]/Lsf] nflu !M%) :s]ndf @%) ju{ ld=eGbf dflysf] nflu !M!)) :s]
ndf / @))) au{ ls=ld= jf ;f] eGbf dflysf] nflu !M@)) :s]ndf / ;a}sf] l86]N;x?
!M!)) :s]ndf agfOPsf] x'g' kg{]5 .
-s_ ;a} tNnfsf] 9fs]sf] If]q ;d]l6Psf e"O{ gSzfx? -ˆnf]/ Knfg_ ;dfj]z ePsf] x'g]5 .
o;} k|i6 ?kdf ;a} k|m]d d]Da/x?, sf]7fx?sf] ;fOh tyf cjl:ylt, e¥ofËsf]
rf}8fO / /fDkx? / cGo lgsf;sf af6f]x?, nLˆ6 sf]7f tyf nLˆ6 lk6sf]
l86]nx? b]vfOPsf] x'G5 .
-v_ ejgsf] ;a} efux?sf] pkof]u b]vfOPsf] x'G5 .
-u_ 6\jfOn]6, g'xfpg] 7fpF h:tf] cTofjZos ;]jfx?sf] Plsg cjl:ylt b]vfOPsf] x'G5 .
-3_ ;]S;g gSzfx? ;dfj]z ePsf] x'g]5 . o;df km'6LË -hu_sf] ;fOhx?, a];d]G6
uf/f]sf] df]6fO{, uf/f], k|m]dLª d]Da/x?sf] ;fOh tyf :k];LËx?, ˆnf]/ :nfjx?
/ 5fgfsf :nfjx? . ;]Szgdf ejg tyf sf]7fx?sf] prfOx? / kf/fk]6sf]
prfO / 8«]g]h tyf 5fgfsf] :nf]k÷sDtLdf Pp6f ;]S;g e¥ofË, efG5fsf]7f,
6\jfOn]6, jfy?d eP/ sfl6Psf] x'g]5 .
-ª_ ;a} PnLe];gx? b]vfOPsf] x'g]5 .
-r_ cg'dlt k|fKt ejg /]vf eGbf aflx/ kg{] efux?sf] gfk lbOPsf] x'g]5 .
-5_ 5fgfsf] 8«]g]h tyf :nf]k b]vfOPsf] 6]/]; Knfg lbO{Psf] x'g]5 .
-h_ pQ/ lbzf gSzfdf b]vfOPsf] x'g]5 .
-em_ kfls{Ë :yfgx?sf] l86]n lbOPsf] x'g]5 .
-`_ e]lG6n]6/x?sf] ;a} 9f]sf tyf cGo cf]kgLËx?sf] ;fOhx? ;d]t v'Ng] u/L
qmda4 ?kdf lj:t[t ljj/0fx? ;d]t lbOPsf] x'g]5 .
-6_ glj;÷k|flws/0f÷gkfn] tf]s] adf]lhd ug{ cfjZos cGo ;a} ljj/0fx? .
@=$=^ ax'tNn]÷ljz]if ejgx?sf] ejg of]hgfx? M % tNnf eGbf a9L tNnfx? ePsf] jf !% ld= eGbf a9L prfO{ ePsf] / ;ef ejg, ;+:yfut, cf}Bf]lus, e08f/0f tyf vt/f
o'Qm pkof]ux? ePsf] ljz]if ejgx?sf] ;Gbe{df dfkb08sf] lgDg lnlvt yk ljj/0fx?
;dfj]z x'g' kg]{5 .
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
-s_ cfunfuL lgoGq0fsf cf}hf/ tyf uf8L df]8\g] 7fpF tyf ejgsf] j/Lk/L kx'Fr dfu{sf] ljj/0f ;lxt kx'Fr dfu{sf] Aoj:yf .
-v_ d'Vo tyf j}slNks e¥ofËsf] ;fy} afb{nLaf6sf] kx'Fr, s/L8/ tyf njLjf6sf] kx'Fr .
-u_ lnˆ6 tyf kmfo/ lnˆ6x?sf] cjl:ylt tyf ljj/0fx?
-3_ l/ˆo"h RofDj/, ;le{; 8S6 cflbsf] ljj/0f .
-ª_ cfsf;] kfgL ;+sng ug]{ kfOk tyf ;+sng ug]{ 6ofªsx? .
-r_ h]g]/]6/, 6«fG:kmd{/, :jLr luo/ sf]7fsf] cjl:ylt
-5_ cUgL ;"rs k|0ffnL÷g]6js{sf] l86]nx?
-h_ kfgL 6ofªs tyf kDkxfp;sf] cjl:ylt tyf gfk
-em_ cfunfuL ;'/Iffsf h8fgx?sf] cjl:ylt tyf ljj/0fx? .
-`_ h8fg ul/Psf k|fylds pkrf/ cf}hf/x?sf] h8fgsf cjl:ylt tyf ljj/0fx?
@=$=& vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yf tyf cGo ;]jf ;'ljwfx? M
!= vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{sf] gSzfx?, On]e];gx? tyf ;]S;gx?, 9n lgsf; k|0ffnL / cGo ;]jf;'ljwfx?sf] ljj/0f glj;÷k|flws/0f÷gkfn] rfx]sf] v08df !M!)) sf] :s]n eGbf sd gx'g] u/L pknAw u/fpg' kg{]5 .
@= @)) au{ ld= eGbf dflysf cfjf;Lo 38]/Lx?sf] nflu / Ps x]S6/ eGbf a9Lsf] u}/ cfjf;Lo 38]/Lx?sf] nflu tn lbOPsf k|fjwfgx? nfu" x'g]5 M
-s_ au}+rf tyf ;kmfO{sf] nflu k|of]u eO;s]sf] kfgLsf] k'gM k|of]u ug{sf] nflu 5'§} ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf ug]{ . o;sf] nflu pko'Qm e08f/0fsf] ;'ljwfnfO{ ejg gSzfdf b]vfpg' kg{]5 .
-v_ hldg d'lgsf] kfgLnfO{ e/0f ug{sf] nflu 38]/L leq aiff{t\sf] kfgL ;+sng ug{ cfjZos Joj:yf ug{' kb{5 . ejgsf] gSzfdf oL s'/fx? v'nfpg' kb{5 .
@=% ejg pkof]u km]/abnsf] nflu ;"rgf M
Efjg pkof]u km]/jbnsf] nflu ;"rgf lbPdf cfjZos kg{] gSzf tyf Joxf]/fx? dfq lgj]bg;+u k]z ug{{' kg{]5 .
o; dfkb08df Joj:yf ePsf ;fdfGo ejg lgdf{0fsf k|fjwfgx? :6«Sr/ tyf cfunfuL ;+/If0fdf s'g} k|lts"n c;/ gkg{] u/L tn lbOPsf km]/abn ug{' k/]df ;"rgf jf ejg lgdf{0f cg'dltsf] cfjZostf kg{]5}g .
-s_ Knf:6/LË / ;fgfltgf dd{t sfo{
-v_ ˆnf]/LË jf k'gM ˆnf]/LË ug{] .
-u_ csf{sf] ;DklQ tyf ;fj{hlgs ;8s tkm{jfx]s ‰ofn e]lG6n]6/ / 9f]sfx? vf]Ng] / aGb ug{] .
-3_ lju|]sf O§fx?, 9+'ufx?, lkn/x?, ljdx? cflb km]g{] .
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
-ª_ o; dfkb08 cGtu{t kg{] u/L !=% ld= eGbf sd prfOsf] kf/fkL6 / afpG8«L kvf{nsf]
lgdf{0f tyf k'gMlgdf{0f ug]{ .
-r_ cg'dlt k|fKt prfO{eGbf sd gx'g] u/L kmN; l;lnËsf] lgdf{0f ;d]t /+u/f]ug cflb sfo{ .
-5_ e"–pkof]u of]hgf÷hf]lgË of]hgfsf k|fjwfgx? ;+u gaflemg] u/L Iflt x'g' cuf8Lsf]
h:t} x'g]u/L af9L, aiff{t, cfunfuL, e"sDk jf cGo s'g} k|fs[lts ljkb\af6 Iflt u|:t
ejgsf efux?sf] k'gMlgdf{0f ug{] .
-h_ o; dfkb08 cGtu{t x'g] u/L leqL uf/f]x?sf] lgdf{0f jf k'gMlgdf{0f ug{] .
@=^ ejg lgdf{0f cg'dlt z'Ns M
h'/L;+u k/fdz{ u/L glj;÷k|flws/0f÷gkfn] lgdf{0f u/]sf gSzf kf; z'Ns / lgdf{0f cjlwdf
;x/L k"jf{wf/sf] pkof]usf] z'Nssf] ;fy} 38]/L ljsf;÷;d"x cfjf;, km]/jbn÷yk÷;+;f]lwt
of]hgf, of]hgfx? cWofjlws ug{sf] nflu tf]lsPsf] cGo z'Nsx? lgodfg';f/ lng ;Sg] 5 .
@=& :jLs[lt lbg] M
@=&=!= k|lsofx? M
-s_ hUuf ljsf;÷cfjf; ljsf;sf] KnflgË cg'dlt lbg] M cflwsfl/s OlGhlgo/,
cfls{6]S6 dfkm{t KnflgË cg'dlt÷gd{x? tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf hUuf wgLn] gu/ ljsf;
;ldlt÷k|flws/0f÷gu/kflnsfdf cfj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
hUuf ljsf;÷cfjf; ljsf; ug{ rfxg] sDkgL jf hUuf wgLn] ;"lrs[t OlGhlgo/ jf
cfls{6]S6 jf Knfg/åf/f tof/ ul/Psf] e"–pkof]u tyf ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ;d]t
pNn]v ul/Psf] of]hgf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . o;sf] :jLs[lt ;DjGwL sfo{ljlw gu/ ljsf;
;ldlt÷k|flws/0f÷gu/kflnsfn] tf]s] cg';f/ x'g]5 .
-v_ ;"rLs[t OlGhlgo/÷cfls{6]S6af6 k|dfl0ft x'g'kg{] M dfkb08 cGtu{tsf k|fjwfgx?sf] clwgdf
/xL ejg lgdf{0f jf hUuf ljsf; of]hgf tof/ ug]{ clwsf/ ;"lrs[t OlGhlgo/÷cfls{6]S6
;+u x'g]5 .
@=&=@ of]Uotf tyf Ifdtf M
gu/of]hgfljb\÷cfls{6]S6÷OlGhlgo/÷;'k/Lj]Ifs÷KnDa/÷cfunfuLk/fdz{bftf÷cjf{g
l8hfOg/sf] of]Uotf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@=&=# b08 ;hfo M
-s_ olb k]zfut cfrf/ ;+lxtfaf6 ljrlnt ePsf] kfOPdf jf s'g} em"7f] Joxf]/f lbPdf jf
s'g} tYosf] ckdfg u/]df jf of]hgf k|dfl0ft ug{] q'6L u/]df jf ejg dfkb08 / :jLs[t ejg of]hgfsf] lvnfkdf lgdf{0f sfo{sf] ;'k/Lj]If0f u/]df glj;÷k|flws/0f÷gkfn] o:tf
gu/of]hgfljb\÷cfls{6]S6÷OlGhlgo/÷;'k/Lj]Ifs÷KnDa/nfO{ sf/jfxL ug{] / sfnf];"rLdf
/fVg] clwsf/ x'g]5 / ;f]sf] hfgsf/L g]kfn OlGhlgol/Ë kl/ifbnfO{ lbg]5 .
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
-v_ olb :jLs[lt lbg] glj;÷k|flws/0f÷gkfn] s'g} klg ;do ejg dfkb08sf] pNn+3g
ul/Psf], tYosf] unt JofVof ul/Psf], :jLs[lt lbOPsf] eGbf km/s lgdf{0f ePsf],
tf]lsPsf] b:tfj]h tyf ejg lgodfjnL ;+u km/s x'g] u/L lgdf{0f ul/Psf] e]§fPdf gu/
ljsf; ;ldlt÷k|flws/0f÷gu/kflnsfn] :jLs[ltnfO{ ab/ ug{ ;Sg]5 . To:tf k]zfsdL{sf]
lj?4 sfo{jfxL ug{ ;Sg]5 . d'2f 6'Fuf] gnfu];Dd To:tf k]zfsdL{nfO{ gofF gSzfx? k]z
ug{] clwsf/ x'g] 5}g . ltgnfO{ sfnf] ;"rLdf ;dfj]z ug{' cl3 glj;÷k|flws/0f÷gkfn]
sfg"g adf]lhd sf/0f b]vfpm cfb]z hf/L ug{]5 .
@=&=$= cglws[t lgdf{0f ljsf; sfo{ M
cgflws[t lgdf{0f ljsf; sfo{ u/]sf]df o:tf sfo{ eTsfpg], lgdf{0f :ynnfO{ /f]s
nufpg], k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cfwf/df sfg"gL sf/jfxL ug{] h:tf pko'Qm sbd gu/ ljsf;
;ldlt÷k|flws/0f÷gu/kflnsfn] lng ;Sg]5 .
@=* lgdf{0f sfo{ ubf{ ckgfpg'kg]{ sfo{ljlw M
@=*=! dfkb08 cg';f/ lgdf{0f sfo{ ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj M
o; dfkb08 cg';f/ lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{] k"0f{ hjfkmb]xLtfaf6 wgLnfO{ cg'dlt kfPsf] sf/0f
jf gSzf tyf :k]l;lkms]zgx? :jLs[t ul/Psf sf/0f jf ejg lgdf{0f x'Fbf gu/ ljsf;
;ldlt÷k|flws/0f÷gu/kflnsfn] lg/LIf0f ul/Psf] sf/0f s} cfwf/df d'Qm ePsf] dflgg] 5}g .
@=*=@ lgdf{0f :yndf sfuhftx?÷b:tfj]hx? /fVg]M lgdf{0fsf] cj:yfdf cg'dtL kfPsf]
JolQmn]M
-s_ ejg lgdf{0fsf] cg'dltsf] k|ltlnlk b]lvg] u/L 6fF; ug{'kg{]5 .
-v_ cg'dlt hf/L ul/Psf] ;DklQdf nfu" x'g] ejg dfkb08 cg';f/ :jLs[t gSzfx?
tyf :k]lzlkms];gx?sf] k|ltlnlk /fVg] .
@=*=# lgdf{0f sfo{ eO{/xFbf ejgsf] r]lsË sfo{ M glj;÷k|flws/0f÷gkfnfO{ cfls{6]S6÷ OlGhlgo/÷;'kl/j]Ifs dfkm{t 3/ wgLn] KnLGy ;Ddsf] sfo{ ;DkGg ePkl5 :jLs[t
ejg gSzf tyf ejg lgodfjnL cg';f/ sfo{ ePsf] 5÷5}g ;'lgZrt u/fpg
;"rgf lbg] 5 . #) lbg leq :yfgLo lgsfon] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] lg/LIf0f u/L c;xdlt eP ;f] ;d]tsf] hfgsf/L wgL÷cfls{6]S6÷OlGhlgo/÷;'kl/j]IfsnfO{ lbg'kg{]5 . :jLs[t gSzf adf]lhd ejgsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ug{] lhDd]jf/L 3/ wgLåf/f lgo'Qm
cfls{6]S6÷OlGhlgo/÷;'kl/j]Ifssf] x'g] 5 .
@=( sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] ;"rgf M
k|To]s wgLn] ejg cg'dltdf j0f{g u/] cg';f/sf] lgdf{0f sfo{ k"/f ePsf] ;Gbe{df glj;÷
k|flws/0f÷gkfdf k]z ug{' kg{]5 . sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] ;""rgf 3/wgLn] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;'k/Lj]If0f
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
ug{] cfls{6]S6÷OlGhlgo/÷ ;'kl/j]Ifs dfkm{t sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] Knfgsf] # k|lt -:jLs[t of]hgf k]z ubf{ h:t} Ps k|lt gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt÷k|flws/0f÷gu/kflnsfnfO{ k]z ug{' kg{]5 . o:tf] ;""rgfdf tn lbOPsf sfuhftx?sf] ;fy} tf]lsPsf] z'Ns ;+nUg x'g'kg{]5 .
-s_ glj;÷k|flws/0f÷gkfsf] ;a} lg/LIf0f k|ltjbgx?sf] k|ltlnlk,
-v_ cfjZos ePdf glj;÷k|flws/0f÷gkfsf] clws[taf6 :jLs[lt,
-u_ ljB't ljefuaf6 cfjZos eP cg';f/ 6«fG;kmd{/x?÷;j:6]zg÷ ;xfos ljB't cfk"lt{ k|0ffnL ;DaGwdf :jLs[lt
-3_ :6«Sr/ OlGhlgo/÷l;len OlGhlgo/af6 ejg;+lxtf cg'?k lgdf{0f ePsf] k|df0f
-ª_ cfjZostfg';f/ wgL÷cfls{6]S6÷OlGhlgo/n] x:tfIf/ u/]sf] ;a} tkm{af6 lvlrPsf] b'O{ ;]6 kmf]6f]x?,
-r_ glj; ÷k|flws/0f÷gkfn]] cfjZos 7fg]sf] cGo cfjZos hfgsf/L÷sfuhftx?
-5_ cfˆgf] ;'kl/j]If0f leq kg{] / ejg lgodfjnL tyf :jLs[t ejg gSzfx? cg';f/ ;DkGg ePsf] hldg d'lgsf] 9n, :ofgL6/L tyf vfg]kfgL cfk"lt{ ;DaGwdf wgL /
cfls{6]S6÷OlGhlgo/af6 k|df0fkq .
@=!) gu/sf] 9n k|0ffnL÷kfgLsf] d]gnfOgdf h8fg ug{] M
-s_ lgdf{0f sfo{ ;xh ug{sf] nflu cg'dlt lbOPsf] c:yfoL kfgL, ljB't tyf 9nsf] sg]Szgx? ;DkGg ePsf]÷pkof]u ug{ lbOPsf] k|df0fkq k|fKt geP;Dd ;fO6df /fVg cg'dlt lbOg]5}g .
-v_ glj;÷k|flws/0f÷gkfsf] cu|Ld cg'dlt / pkof]u ug{ lbOPsf]÷;DkGg ePsf] k|df0f kq k|fKt geP ;Dd s'g} klg ejg ;+u gu/sf] vfg]kfgLsf] d]g nfOg jf gu/sf] 9n k|0ffnL ;Fu hf]8\g lbOg] 5}g .
-u_ pkof]udf kl/jt{g ePdf jf cglws[t lgdf{0f sfo{ ePdf glj; ÷k|flws/0f÷gkfn] o:tf ;]jf ;'ljwfx? nfO{ /f]Sg jf /f]Sg nufpg ;Sg]5 .
-3_ s'g} klg JolQm jf ;+:yfn] cfˆgf] ejg leqaf6 lg:sg] 9n k|zf]wg gu/L vf]nf, s'nf] jf tfndf lj;h{g ug'{ xF'b}g, o;/L lj;h{g ul/Pdf ;DalGwt g=lj=; ÷k|flws/0f÷g=kfn] cGo ;]jf ;'ljwfx?df /f]s nufpg ;Sg]5 / cfly{s hl/jfgf ;d]t ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-ª_ s'g} klg JolQm jf ;+o'Qm cfjf; jf ;+:yfsf] ejgsf] 5fgfaf6 cfpg] jiff{tsf] kfgLnfO{ hdLg d'gL lj;h{g ug'{ kg]{5, g=kfsf] 9n k|0ffnLdf jf ;8ssf] gfnLdf hf8\g kfOg] 5}g . o; ;DaGwdf yk k|fljlws ;xof]u ;DalGwt lhNnfsf] vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ l8lehg sfof{noaf6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
@=!^ e"–pkof]u If]q lgwf{/0f M
/fli6«o e"pkof]u gLlt @)^( n] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd e"pkof]u of]hgf tof/ ug]{ / pQm e"pkof]u
of]hgf cg'?k lgdf{0f sfo{sf] cg'dlt k|bfg ug]{ .
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
38]/L ljsf;, ;fd"lxs cfjf;, ;+o'Qm cfjf; h:tf cfjf;Lo If]qx? / u}x| cfjf;Lo If]qx?sf] nflu
pkof]u, se/]h,ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of] -kmf/_, ;]6 Aofs, v'Nnf 7fpF, prfO{, cfjf;Lo OsfOx?sf] ;+Vof,
tyf kfls{Ë dfkb08x? of]hgf÷hf]lgË Knfg÷dfkb08 sf]8 jf ;x/L ljsf; of]hgf th'{df tyf
sfof{Gjog dfkb08df Joj:yf ePsf] k|fjwfgx? adf]lhd x'g]5 . olb oL ;jfnx?df s]xL Joj:yf
ul/Psf] gePdf jf JofVofsf] cfjZostf k/]df glj;÷k|flws/0f÷gkfn] lg0f{o u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
#=! ejg lgdf{0fdf lgoGq0fsf] Joj:yfM
oL ljlgodx?sf] ljifoa:t' ejg pkof]u If]q leqsf ejgx?sf] nflu -cfGtl/s Joj:yfx? Affx]s_ ejg
dfkb08 cg';f/ sfod /fVg] xf] . ejg lgdf{0f dfkb08 agL g;s]sf If]qx?df jf:tfljs cfjZostf
tyf ;fGble{s lgodx?sf] cfwf/df glj;÷k|flws/0f÷gkfn] cfjZos Joj:yf ug{]5 .
#=@ kxf8L If]qdf ePsf ;x/L If]qsf nflu ljz]if Joj:yf
kxf8L If]qx?df ;x/L ljsf; of]hgfx?sf] nflu ljleGg gD;{x? tyf dfkb08x? ;'emfj ug{'sf] cfwf/e"t
p2]Zo lg0f{o k|lqmofsf] nflu cfwf/ k|bfg ug{' g} xf] . ;'wf/ ul/Psf gD;{x? tyf dfkb08x? ;f+s]lts dfq x'g\ / :yfgLo ef}lts tyf jftfj/0fLo cj:yfsf] ljrf/ u/L pko'Qm ;dodf kl/dfh{g ug{ ;lsg] 5 . s'g} klg k]zfut÷cg';Gwfg ;+:yfn] kj{tLo If]qx?sf] of]hgf tyf ljsf; ;DaGwL a[xt :ynut
dfkb08x? tof/ ubf{ tn lbOPsf ljifox?n] c;/ kfg{] ub{5 . o;n] ubf{ o:tf If]qx?sf] ;DaGwdf
dfkb08 lgwf{/0f ubf{ lgDg lnlvt ljifox?df Wofg k'¥ofpg h?/L x'G5 M–
!= ;"o{sf] k|sfz cfpg], :nf]k tyf df]6/af6f] ;Ddsf] kx'Fr b"/L .
@= hgtfsf] Go"gtd cfjZostf / ;+/If0fsf l;4fGtx?
#= h6Ln kj{tLo w/ftn / ef}ule{s cj:yfx?nfO{ ldNg] u/L gd{x? tyf dfkb08x?df cfjZos
nrstf .
$= sfo{:yn tyf cfjf; aLrsf] ;DaGw .
kl/R5]b #cfjf;Lo tyf u}x| cfjf;Lo If]qx?sf] ljsf; lgdf{0f;DaGwL k|fjwfgx?
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
%= phf{sf] cfjZostfx?
^= oftfoft, ;~rf/ g]6js{sf] a}slNks Aoj:yf
&= 3'DtL tyf cfsl:ds ;'ljwfx?
#=# kfls{Ë dfkb08 M
of]hgf÷ljsf; of]hgfdf jf tn tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf gd{x? cg';f/ ljleGg k|sf/sf ljsf;
lgdf{0f sfo{sf] nflu kfls{Ësf] Aoj:yf ul/g]5 .
:yfgLo ;jf/L wgL, ;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf ;fwg / kfls{Ësf] cfjZostf cg';f/ ljleGg
pkof]u÷lqmofsnfkx?sf] Nfflu kfls{Ë gd{x? lgwf{/0f ug{sf] nflu tn lbOPsf] tflnsfnfO{ cfwf/ dfGg
;lsG5 .
tflnsf #=! M kfls{Ë dfkb08
l;=g+= pkof]u÷pkef]u If]qx?!)) au{ ld6/ If]qsf]
nflu OSjLe]n]G6 sf/ :k]; -O=;L=P:f_
!= cfjf;LoM ;fd"lxs cfjf;, ;+o'Qm cfjf;, lsQfsf6 ul/Psf] cfjf; -@%) au{ ld= eGbf dfly_ / ldl>t pkof]u
)=%)–!=%)
@=
Aofkfl/s If]q Ms_ yf]s Jofkf/ tyf kl/jxg If]q -kfls{Ë, nf]l8Ë, cgnf]l8Ë ;d]t_v_ gu/ s]Gb|, lhNnf s]Gb|, xf]6]n, l;g]df tyf cGou_ ;fd'bflos s]Gb|, :yfgLo ahf/ s]Gb|
!=%)–@=%)!=))–@=)))=%)–!=%)
#= ;fj{hlgs tyf ;fd'bflos ;'ljwfx?Ms_ gl;{Ëxf]d, c:ktfnx? -;/sf/L jfx]s cGo_, ;fdflhs,
;f+:s[lts tyf cGo ;:yfx?, ;/sf/L tyf cw{;/sf/L sfof{nx?v_ ljBfnox?, dxfljBfno, ljZjljBfno, ;/sf/L c:ktfnx?
)=%)–!=%)
)=@%–)=&%
$= cf}Bf]lus MxNsf tyf ;]jfhGo pBf]ux?, ;fd"lxs pBf]ux? )=@%–)=&%
gf]6 M
!= uf8L kfs{ ug{] 7fpFx?sf] Joj:yf ubf{ dfkb08x? tn lbP cg';f/ x'g]5 M
-s_ v'Nnf kfls{Ësf] nflu k|lt OSjLe]n]G6 sf/ :k]; !* ju{ ld6/
-v_ e'O{tNnfn] 9fs]sf] kfls{Ësf] nflu k|lt OSjLe]n]G6 sf/ :k]; = @#=)) j=ld=
-u_ a];d]G6sf] nflu k|lt OSjLe]n]G6 sf/ :k]; = @*=) a=ld=
@= pkof]u If]qx?df e'O{tNnf jf a];d]G6df kfls{Ë ug{] eP pko'{Qm dfkb08 cg';f/ kfls{Ësf]
Joj:yf ug{ ;lsG5 .
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
#=$ ljz]if pkof]usf If]qx? M
#=$=! cfjf;Lo pkof]u If]q M cfjf;Lo If]qnfO{ 38]/L ljsf; jf ;fd"lxs cfjf;sf] ?kdf
ljsf; ul/G5 . 38]/Lsf] ;fO{h, k|To]s 38]/Ldf x'g] cfjf; O{sfOx?, ;]6Jofsx? /
ejgsf] tNnf ;+Vof÷prfO{sf] ;Gbe{df ljsf;sf] :j?k s:tf] x'gk5{ lgSof{}n ug{
3gTjsf] 9fFrf -pRr, dWo pRr, Go"gdWo jf Go"gtd 3gTjx?_ lgwf{{/0f ul/Psf]
x'G5 . u'? of]hgfdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhdsf gd{x? tyf dfkb08x? cg';f/ ;x/L
tyf ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/x?sf] Joj:yf ul/G5 . n]cfp6 of]hgfx?df ;fdflhs tyf
;x/L k"jf{wf/nfO{ cfjZos kg{] ljleGg ;fO6x?÷Kn6x? b]vfOPsf] x'G5 . gSzfx?
:jLs[t ubf{ ljleGg pkof]u÷lqmofsnfkx?sf] nflu / ljleGg ;fOhsf 38]/Lx?sf
nflu agfOPsf ljsf; lgdf{0f gd{x?sf] k|of]u ul/G5 .
#=$=@ cfjf;Lo pkof]u If]q leq kg{] ejgx? M cfjf;Lo n]cfp6 Kn6sf] efusf] ?kdf
/x]sf] cfjf;Lo pkof]u If]q leq /x]sf ljleGg pkof]u lqmofsnfkx?sf] nflu ejgx?
cfjf;Lo 38]/Lsf] ;fOhcg';f/ nfu" x'g] se/]h, ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of], prfO{ tyf cGo
;DalGwt gd{x? kfngf u/L lgdf{0f ug{' kg{]5 .
#=$=# 38]/L ljsf; M tn n]lvPsf s'/fx?df dWo]gh/ /fvL cfjf;Lo of]hgfx?sf] n]cfp6,
gd{x?sf th{'df ul/Psf] x'G5 .
!= lgdf{0f ePkl5 ejgx?df kof{Kt k|sfz tyf xfjf cfpg] x'g kb{5 .
@= WjgL, w"nf] tyf :yfgLo vt/faf6 ;'/lIft x'g]5 .
#= ljleGg kfl/jfl/s cfjZostfsf] nflu kof{Kt v'NNff If]q x'g]5 .
$= kl/jxg tyf kx'Fr ;xh x'g]5g\ / b'3{6gfsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 ;'/lIft x'g]5 .
%= 38]/Lsf] cfsf/ tyf ;fO{h ;Dej eP ;Dd Psgf; x'g]5 .
^= nx/] 3/x?, 5'§f5'§} 3/x? jf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] ?kdf Psgf;sf cfsf/ tyf
9fFrf lbgsf nflu 3/x? s|da4 ?kdf ldnfOPsf] x'g]5 .
#=$=$ cfjf;Lo If]qx? M 38]/L cfjf; Go"g cfo ePsf ;d"xsf] nflu 38]/Lsf] Go"gtd ;fOh
;fdfGotof &) au{ ld= eGbf sdsf] x'g' x'b}g . tyflk hgtfsf] cf}sft x]/L s'g} ljz]if
;x/nfO{ cfjZos kg{] k|sf/sf] cfjf; cg';f/ 38]/Lsf] ;fOh km/s x'g ;Sg]5 . k|To]s
Kn6df lgdf{0f ug{ cg'dlt kfPsf] cfjf;Lo OsfOx?sf] ;+Vofdf klg 38]/Lsf] ;fOh
lge{/ x'g] ub{5 . ;dfGotM k|To]s 38]/Ldf b'O{ j6f cfjf; OsfOx? lgdf{0f x'g ;Sb5 .
tyflk 7'nf ;fOhsf Kn6x?sf] ;Gbe{df Pp6f 38]/Ldf Pp6f eGbf a9L cfjf; OsfOx?
lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsg]5 . cfjf;Lo If]qsf] nflu tn tflnsfdf ljleGg ;fOhsf 38]/Lx?sf
nflu nfu" x'g'kg]{ se/]h, ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of] / prfO{ lbOPsf] 5 M–
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
tflnsf $ M k\mnf]/ Pl/of /]:of]sf] Aoj:yf -t/fO{ If]q_
l;=g+= 38]/L If]qkmn a=ld= clwstd u|fp08 se/]h Ü clwstd FAR
!= &)–!%) &% $=)
@= !%)–@%) &% $=)
#= @%)–%)) ^) #=%
$ %))–!))) ^) #=%
tflnsf % M k\mnf]/ Pl/of /]:of]sf] Aoj:yf -kxf8L If]qx?_
l;=g+= 38]/L If]qkmn a=ld= clwstd u|fp08 se/]h Ü clwstd FAR
!= &)–!%) &% $=)
@= !%)–@%) &% $=)
#= @%)–%)) ^) #=%
$ %))–!))) ^) #=%
cGo Joj:yf M
a];d]06 lgdf{0f ul/Psf] eP, kfls{Ë ;]jfx? tyf 3/fo;L e08f/0fsf] nflu pkof]u ug{ ;lsg]5 .
ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of] / u|fpG8 se/]hsf ;DaGwdf g=lj= ;ldlt÷k|flws/0f÷gu/kflnsfn] cfˆgf] cfjZostf / cfˆgf] clwsf/ If]qleqsf] dfu cg';f/ km]/abn ug{ ;Sg] 5 .
a];d]G6 If]qkmn u|fpG8 se/]h eGbf a9L x'g' x'Fb}g .
tf]lsPsf gd{x? cg';f/ 38]/Lsf] nflu kfls{Ësf] Aoj:yf x'g'kg{] 5 . cyjf cfjfudgsf] 9fFrfdf s'g} c;/ gkg{] u/L n]cfp6 Knfgdf kfls{Ësf] Aoj:yf x'gkg{] 5 .
#=$=% ;+o'Qm cfjf; M k|To]s cfjf; OsfOdf $=% JolQm /xg] cg'dfg tyf ljsf; of]hgfdf lbOPsf] 3gTj 9fFrfsf] cfwf/df cfjf; OsfO{x?sf] u0fgf ul/Psf] 5 . s'g} If]qdf lgdf{0f ul/g] ejgx?sf xsdf lglZrt pFrfO{ -clwstd ;Ldf_ tf]Sg ;Sg]5 . Go"gtd 38]/Lsf] ;fOh @,@%) a=ld= -kxf8L If]qsf ;x/df !,))) a=ld=_ clwstd u|fp08 se/]h %) k|ltzt clwstd ̂ nf]/ Pl/of /]:of] @=) / cGo ;]jf ;'ljwfx? /fhkqdf k|sflzt ;"rgf cg';f/ x'g]5 .
gf]6 M
!= a];d]G6 lgdf{0f ul/Psf] eP kfls{Ë ;]jfx?, cTofjZos 3/fo;L e08f/0f tyf ;'ljwfx?sf] nflu ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of]df ;dfj]z gu/L pkof]u ug{ ;lsg]5 . a];d]G6sf] kl/df0f 38]/Lsf] If]qkmn sf]
##=## k|ltzt b]lv %) k|ltzt ;Dd x'g;Sg] 5 .
@= kx'Frdfu{ !@ dL= rf}8f x'g'kg]{5 .
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
#=% u}/ cfjf;Lo pkof]u If]q M
#=%=! 5fqfaf; M
clwstd u|fpG8 se/]h %) k|ltzt
clwstd ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of] @=)
kx'Frdfu{ Go"gtd !@ ld=
#=%=@ kfx'Fgf 3/, af]l8{Ë tyf nhx? M
Go"gtd 38]/Lsf] ;fOh %)) au{ ld=
clwstd $) k|ltzt u|fpG8 se/]h $) k|ltzt
clwstd ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of] !=%
kx'Fr dfu{sf] Go"gtd rf}8fO !@ ld
#=%=# wd{zfnf tyf /flq af;
Go"gtd 38]/Lsf] ;fO{h *)) a=ld=
clwstd u|fpG8 se/]h $) k|ltzt
clwstd ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of] !=%
kx'Fr dfu{sf] Go"gtd rf}8fO !@ ld
#=%=$ :yfgLo k;nx? M
clwstd u|fp08 se/]h ^) k|ltzt
clwstd ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of] !=%
#=%=% ;fd'bfoLs s]Gb| M
clwstd u|fp08 se/]h $) k|ltzt
clwstd ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of] !=%
#=%=^ yf]s Jofkf/÷uf]bfd3/ lgdf{0f M
clwstd u|fp08 se/]h $) k|ltzt
clwstd ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of] !=%
kx'Fr dfu{ Go"gtd @) ld=
#=%=& k]6«f]n kDkx? M
k]6«f]n kDk tyf dd{t ;+ef/ ;]jf s]Gb|-;le{; :6];g_x?sf] nflu tn lbOPsf ljlgodx?
l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] 5 M
-s_ ;8s rf]saf6 Go"gtd b"/L M
#) ld= eGbf sd rf}8fO{ ePsf ;fgf ;8sx?sf nflu %) ld=
#) ld= eGbf a9L rf}8fO{ ePsf 7"nf ;8sx?sf nflu !)) ld=
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
-v_ 38]/Lsf] ;fO{h
t]n dfq eg{] k]6«f]n kDksf] nflu #) ld=X!& ld= .
OGwg eg{ Pj+ dd{t ;+ef/ ;]jf lbg] lj;f}gLx?sf] nflu Go"gtd ;fO{h #^ld=X #)
ld=
38]/Lsf] k|mG6]h #) ld= eGbf sd x'g' x'b}g .
-u_ gofF k]6«f]nkDkx?
u|fp08 se/]h @) k|ltzt
gofF k]6«f]nkDkx? @) ld= eGbf sd rf}8fO{ ePsf ;8sx?df /flvg] 5}g .
ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of] @=)
clwstd prfO{ ^ ld=
Sofgf]lk cg'dlt lbg ;lsg] . u|fp08 se/]h a/fj/ ;]6 a}+s /]vf leqsf] a/fj/
;Dd
cufl8sf] ;]6 Aofs Go"gtd ^ ld=
;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 -pBf]u dGqfno, cfon lgud, ;8s ljefu cflb_af6 l:js[t
ePsf] x'g'kg]{ .
#=%=* xf]6]n M
clwstd u|fp08 se/]h $) k|ltzt,
clwstd ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of] !=%
kx'Frdfu{sf] rf}8fO{ Go"gtd !@ ld=
a];d]G6 olb kfls{Ë ;]jfx?df pkof]u ePsf] eP ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of] df ;dfj]z ug{
gkg{]
#=%=( cf}Bf]lus If]q M
;d"x pBf]u / ;]jf s]Gb| Go"gtd Knf6 ;fOh @))) a=ld=
clwstd u|fp08 se/]h #) k|ltzt .
kx'Fr dfu{sf] rf}8fO{ Go"gtd !@ ld=
a];d]G6 obL kfls{Ë ;]jfx?df pkof]u ePsf] eP ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of] df ;dfj]z
ug{ gkg{] .
#=^ a; 6ld{gn M
hldg tNnf % k|ltzt-ofqLsf] ;'ljwfsf] nflu / l6s6 sfpG6/ tyf sfof{no
klxNnf] tyf bf]>f] tNnfsf] 7fpF x'nfs, k|x/Lrf}sL tyf cGo cTofjZos ;]jfx?
se/]h / ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of]df a];nfOg lj;f}gLx? ;dfj]z x'g] 5}g .
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
#=& ;/sf/L sfof{nox?, PsLs[t sfof{no sDKn]Sz M
clwstd u|fp08 se/]h %) k|ltzt,
clwstd ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of] @=)
PsLs[t sfof{no sDKn]S;df s]lGb|o ;/sf/L sfof{no :yfgLo ;/sf/L sfof{no, ;fj{hlgs
lhDd]jf/Lsf sfof{nox? tyf cbfntx? ;dfj]z x'g]5 .
#=* :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? M
:jf:Yo ;+:yfx?sf xsdf g]kfn ;/sf/ :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfnon] :jLs[t u/]sf] ælghL tyf
u}/ ;/sf/L :jf:Yo ;+:yf :yfkgf ;+rfng gLlt, dfkb08 Pj+ k"jf{wf/ lgb]{lzsfÆ cg';f/ x'g]5 . pQm
lgb]{lzsfdf pNn]v gePsf ljifox?sf xsdf tn n]lvPsf dfkb08 cg';f/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
#=*=! c:ktfn M
Go"gtd Kn6;fOh #))) a=ld=,
clwstd ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of] !=@%,
clwstd u|fp08 se/]h #% k|ltzt,
:jf:Yo ;'ljwfx?sf] nflu gd{x?df cTofjZos sd{rf/Lx?sf] nflu cfjf;sf] nflu k|of]udf
NofO{g] If]q lbOPsf] 5 . To:tf] If]qdf ;d"x cfjf;sf] nflu tf]lsPsf] ljlgod nfu' x'g]5 .
hldg tNnf d'lg a]zd]G6 / u|fp08 se/]hsf lj:tf/nfO{ cg'dlt lbOg]5 / o;nfO{ kfls{Ë
tyf ;]jfx?sf] nflu k|of]u ul/G5 eg] ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of] leq u0fgf ul/+b}g .
#=*=@ :jf:Yo s]Gb|÷g;L{Ë xf]dM
clwstd u|fp08 se/]h #% k|ltzt
clwstd ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of] @=)
j]zd]G6 c:ktfndf h:t} x'g]5 .
#=( z}lIfs ;+:yfx? M
z}lIfs ;+:yfx?sf xsdf g]kfn ;/sf/ lzIff dGqfnon] l:js[t u/]sf] tt\;DawL lgodfjnL cg';f/
x'g]5 . To:tf lgodfjnLdf pNn]v gePsf ljifox?sf xsdf tn n]lvPsf] dfkb08 cg';f/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
#=(=!= g;{/L ljBfno, k|fylds ljBfno tyf pRr dfWoflds ljBfno
clwstd u|fp08 se/]h $) k|ltzt
clwstd ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of] !=@%
j]zd]G6 hldg tNnfsf] d'gL / u|fp08 se/]hsf] clwstd l;df dDd / lgdf{0f ul/Pdf
ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of]df u0fgf ul/g] 5 .
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
#=(=@ dxfljBfno M
clwstd u|fp08 se/]h #) k|ltzt,
clwstd ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of] !=@%
clwstd u|fp08 se/]h / ̂ nf]/ Pl/of /]:of] ejgsf] nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] If]qkmnsf] cfwf/df
dfq u0fgf ul/g]5 .
pNn]lvt sDKn]S;x?df Kn6sf] s"n If]qkmn tn lbOP cg';f/ afF8kmfF8 ul/g]5 M
-s_ ljBfno÷dxfljBfno ejg If]qkmn ,
-v_ v]n d}bfg If]q,
-u_ kfls{Ë If]q
-3_ cfjf;Lo tyf 5fqfjf; If]q
#=(=# z}lIfs tyf cg';Gwfg s]Gb| M % x]S6/ jf ;f] eGbf a9L If]qkmn ePsf 7"nf SofDk;x?M
oL ljlgodx? cGtu{t ljZjljBfnox?, OlGhlgo/LË tyf d]l8sn dxfljBfnox? / cGo z}lIfs tyf
cg';Gwfg s]Gb|x? ;d]t kb{5g\ . SofDk;nfO{ tLg efudf ljeflht u/L tn n]lvP cg';f/ ljlgodx?
nfu" ul/g]5 .
k|zf;g ;lxt z}lIfs – s"n hUufsf] If]qkmnsf] $% k|ltzt, clwstd u|fp08 se/]h #)
k|ltzt, clwstd ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of] !=@% .
hldg tNnf d'lg a]zd]G6 / u|fp08 se/]hsf] lj:tf/nfO{ cg'dlt lbOg]5 / o;nfO{ kfls{Ë tyf
;]jfx?sf] nflu k|of]u u/]df eg] ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of] leq u0fgf ul/+b}g .
cfjf;Lo If]q -s"n hUufsf] #) k|ltzt If]qkmn_ M ;d"x cfjf;sf] nflu Joj:yf ul/P cg';f/sf]
;j l8lehg ljlgodx? oxfF klg nfu" x'g]5 .
v]ns'b tyf ;fF:s[lts lqmofsnfkx? -s"n hUufsf] @% k|ltzt_M clwstd u|fp08 se/]h @)
k|ltzt clwstd ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of] )=%
kfs{x? tyf Nof08:s]k -s"n hUufsf] !% k|ltzt If]qkmn_M pko'Qm Nof08:s]k of]hgf o;
If]qsf] nflu tof/ kfg{' kg{] x'G5 .
kx'Fr dfu{ Go"gtd @) dL=
#=!) cl86f]l/od÷;fd'bflos xn M
clwstd u|fp08 se/]h #% k|ltzt,
clwstd ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of] !=)
kx'Fr dfu{ Go"gtd @) dL=
#=!! wfld{s :ynx? M
clwstd u|fp08 se/]h $) k|ltzt,
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
clwstd ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of] !=)
hldg tNnf d'lg a]zd]G6 / u|fp08 se/]hsf] lj:tf/nfO{ cg'dlt lbOg]5 / o;nfO{ kfls{Ë tyf
;]jfx?sf] nflu k|of]u ul/Pdf ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of] leq u0fgf ul/b}g .
#=!@ ;'/Iff ;DaGwL ;]jfx?
#=!@=! k|x/L rf}sLM
clwstd u|fp08 se/]h %) k|ltzt,
clwstd ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of] !=@% .
kx'Fr dfu{ Go"gtd !@ ld=
#=!@=@ ;'/Iffsf b[li6sf]0fn] ;+j]bgzLn If]qx? M
lgDg If]qx?nfO{ ;'/Iffsf b[li6sf]0fn] ;+j]bgzLn If]qsf] ?kdf /fVg ;lsG5 .
-s_ ;'/Iff ;DaGwL ;/sf/L lgsfox? h:t} g]kfn k|x/L, g]kfnL ;]gf, ;z:q k|x/L cflb
-v_ k|d'v /fhg}lts kbflwsf/L, ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf kbfwLsf/L, ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf cGo
ljlzi6 dxfg'efjx?sf] cfjf; If]q
-u_ k|d'v k|zf;lgs ;/sf/L sfof{nox? h:t} lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, cbfntx?,
sf/fuf/x? tyf cGo ;/sf/L lgsfox?
-3_ vfg]kfgLsf] e08f/0f jf d'xfgsf] If]q, ljB't pTkfbgu[x, b"/;+rf/sf] k|;f/0f 6fj/,
k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ e+8f/0f :yn cflb
-ª_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf cGo ;+j]bgzLn If]qx?
o:tf If]qsf] jl/kl/sf] lgdf{0f ;DaGwL dfkb08 ;DalGwt g=lj=;÷k|flws/0f÷gu/kflnsfn]
:yfgLo ef}uf]lns cj:yf tyf :yflgo cfjZostf cg';f/ lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .
#=!# ;fj{hlgs tyf cw{;fj{hlgs If]qx? M
ljz]if ljlgodx? gePsf If]qx?sf] nflu ;fdfGotM clwstd u|fp08 se/]h #% k|ltzt
clwstd ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of] !=) .
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
$=! nfu" ug{ ;lsg] M
;Dkbf :ynx?sf] ;+/rgf tyf ;Dj4{gdf P]ltxfl;s tyf k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf ejgx?, snfs[ltx?,
:6«Sr/x?, ;'Gb/tf, jf:t'snf, ;f+:s[lts jf jftfj/0fLo ?kdf dx¤jk"0f{ k|s[lt -;Dkbf ejgx? tyf
;Dkbf :ynx?_ jftfj/0fLo dxTjsf] k|fs[lts :j?k ePsf If]qx? / ;'Gb/ b[io ePsf 7fpFx? ;dfj]z
x'g]5g\ .
of] ljlgod tn lbOPsf ;Dkbf :ynx?df nfu" x'g]5 M
P]ltxfl;s jf:t'snf, ;'Gb/, ;f+:s[lts jf jftfj/0fLo jf k'/ftflTjs dx¤jsf ejgx?,
snfs[ltx?, :6«Sr/x?, ;8sx? ePsf :ynx? -o;kl5 ;"rLs[t ;Dkbf ejgx?÷;'rLs[t
;Dkbf :ynx? EfgL ;Daf]wg ul/g]_ .
kljq lrxfgx?, kj{tx?, hns'08 -o;sf] j/k/sf] If]q;d]t_, v'Nnf If]qx?, jg If]q cflb h:tf
-o;kl5 ;"rLs[t k|fs[lts ljz]iftf ePsf :ynx? egL ;Daf]wg ul/g] ;a} :yfgx?_
pko'{Qm If]qx? ;/sf/n] hf/L ug{] ;"rgfdf ;"rLs[t ul/g] jf gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt÷k|flws/0f÷gu/kflnsf of]hgfdf klxrfg ul/g]5 .
$=@ ;Dkbf ejgx?df wgLx?sf] hjfkmb]xLtf M
;Dkbf ejgx? / ;Dkbf :ynx? jf ;Dkbf dfu{x?df /x]sf ejgx?sf lgoldt dd{t ;+ef/ ug'{ ;DalGwt hUUff wgLx?sf] st{Jo x'g]5 . ;/sf/ jf gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt÷k|flws/0f÷gu/kflnsf jf
cGo :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf ejgx? afx]s cGo ejgx?sf] dd{t ;+ef/sf] sfo{df
g=lj=;÷k|flws/0f÷gkf jf :yfgLo lgsfox?sf] hjfkmb]xLtf x'g] 5}g .
$=# ljsf;÷k'glj{sf;÷dd{t cflb sfo{df /f]s M
-s_ g=lj=;÷k|flws/0f÷gkfsf] k"j{ :jLs[lt a]u/ pko'{Qm ;"rLs[t ejgx? jf ;"rLs[t :ynx? jf
kl/R5]b $;Dkbf ejg tyf k|fs[lts ;Dkbf If]q
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
k|fs[lts If]qdf ejgsf /+u/f]ug, ljz]if :j?kdf km]/abn ug{] jf Knf:6/ ug{] jf s'g} efunfO{
eTsfpg] sfo{ ug{ lbOg]5}g . o:tf cg'dltx? k|bfg ubf{ ;DalGwt lgsfon] ;/sf/n] u7g
u/]sf] ;Dkbf ;Da4{g ;ldlt jf k'/ftTj ljefusf] /fo ;'emfj lng'kg{] 5 . / ;f] ;ldlt jf
ljefun] lbPsf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ sfo{ ug{' kg{]5 .
-v_ ;"rLs[t ejgx? -;"rLs[t dfu{ jf :yndf /x]sf]_ jf ;"rLs[t k|fs[lts :j?k jf ;"rLs[t
k|fs[lts :j?k ePsf If]qx?sf] ;Ldfgfdf km]/jbn ubf{ eTsfpg jf] km]/jbn÷yk ug{ cg'dlt
lbg' eGbf cufl8 hg;fwf/0faf6 c;xdlt jf ;'emfjx? cfx\jfg ul/g' kb{5 / ;Dkbf ;Da4{g
;ldlt jf k'/ftTj ljefun] o;df Wofg lbg' kg{]5 .
-u_ ljz]if cj:yfdf lnlvt ?kdf sf/0f b]vfO{ k''glj{rf/sf] nflu g=lj=;÷k|flws/0f÷gkfn] ;Dkbf
;Dj4{g ;ldlt jf k'/ftTj ljefudf n]lv k7fpg ;Sg]5 . o:tf k'gMljrf/ k|fKt ePkl5 ;Dkbf
;Dj4{g ;ldlt jf k'/ftTj ljefusf] lg0f{o clGtd tyf afWofTds x'g]5 .
$=$ ;8s rf}8fO M
gu/sf] of]hgf÷hf]lgË of]hgf÷ljsf; of]hgf jf n]cfp6 of]hgf cGtu{tsf ljBdfg ;8sx?
rf}8fO{ ug{] sfo{ ubf{ ljBdfg ;Dkbf ejgx? jf ;"rLs[t k|fs[lts :j?k ePsf] If]qx?df c;/
ug{ ;Sg] ejgx?sf ;DaGwdf ljrf/ k'¥ofO{g]5 .
$=% vf]nf÷gbL s'nf], tfn lsgf/f lgdf{0f ug]{ ;DaGwdf M
cfˆgf] clwsf/ If]q leq g=kf÷g=lj=;÷k|flws/0fn] vf]nf, gbL / tfn cflbsf] lsl;d 5'§\ofO{
lgdf{0f ;DaGwL k|fjwfg /flvg] 5 . ;fdfGotof vf]nf, gbL, tfn, s'nf] cflb;Fu hf]l8Psf]
hUufdf lgdf{0f sfo{sf] cg'dlt lbFbf lgDgfg';f/ ul/g] 5 .
vf]nf÷gbL lsgf/faf6 #) ld6/ 5f8L ejg lgdf{0f sfo{ ug]{ .
tfn lsgf/faf6 %) ld6/ 5f8L ejg lgdf{0f sfo{ ug]{ .
s'nfsf] lsgf/faf6 !) ld6/ 5f8L ejg lgdf{0f sfo{ ug]{ .
o;/L 5fl8Psf] hUufnfO{ xl/ofnL If]qsf] ?kdf sfod ug]{ .
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
%=! bfo/f -:sf]k_
o; efudf ax'tNn] ejgx? -cUnf ejgx?_ !% ld= jf ;f] eGbf j9L prfO{ ePsf ejgx? /
tn lbO{Psf h:tf 7"nf] ;d"x hDdf x'g] :yfgx?nfO{ cfunfuLaf6 arfpg s]xL k|fjwfg ;dfj]z
ul/Psf] 5 .
;ef ejg, ;+:yfut ejg, z}lIfs ejg -b'O{ tNnf eGbf a9L / !))) j=ld= eGbf a9L
lgld{t If]q ePsf]_
Jofj;los pkof]u -Kn6sf] If]qkmn %)) a=ld= eGbf a9L ePsf] _
Aofkf/Ls -s"n 9fs]sf] If]qkmn &%) a=ld= eGbf a9L ePsf]_
xf]6]n
c:ktfn tyf gl;{Ëxf]dx?
hldgd'lgsf ejgx?
cf}Bf]lus e08f/0f
a}7s÷kf6L{ k}n];÷xnx?
vt/fk"0f{ pkof]ux?
%=@ cg'dlt lng] sfo{ljlw M
-s_ ;DalGwt l8lehg sfof{nosf] k|d'vn] dfkb08÷ejg ;+lxtf cg';f/ k]z ePsf of]hgfx? cUgL
;'/Iffsf k|fjwfgx? / cfunfuLaf6 aRg] pkfox? cg';f/ eP gePsf] ;'lglZrt ug{]5 . o:tf of]hgfx?sf] k/LIf0f ul/g] 5 / lgod k"j{s x:tfIf/ u/L of]hgfx?sf] @ k|lt sfof{Gjogsf nflu
ejg lgdf{0fsf] cg'dlt lbg] glj; ÷k|flws/0f÷gu/kflnsfdf k7fpg] 5 .
-v_ :jLs[t eP cg';f/ cUgL k|lt/f]ws ;+oGq :yfkgf eP kl5 / Ohfht k|fKt cUgL
k/fdz{bftf÷cfls{6]S6af6 lgodfg';f/ k/LIf0f tyf k|dfl0ft eO{ ;s] kl5 ejgsf] wgL÷ lgdf{0f
stf{n] ;DalGwt gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt÷k|flws/0f÷gu/kflnsfdf cfjZos ;a} k|df0f tyf :jLs[lt kq k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b %cUgL ;'/Iff ;DaGwL k|fjwfgx?
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
-u_ pQm cg'/f]w k|fKt ePkl5 g=lj=;=÷k|flws/0f÷g=kf=sf] clws[tn] k"0f{ ?kn] cUgL ;'/Iff pkfox?
sfof{Gjog u/L ;s]sf] eP ;fO6 lgl/If0f u/L cUgL ;'/Iff k|df0fkq hf/L ug{] 5 .
-3_ lg/LIf0fsf] bf}/fgdf s'g} sld e]§fOPdf gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt÷k|flws/0f÷gu/kflnsfn] ;'wf/sf]
nflu hfgsf/L u/fpg] 5 / ;f] cg';f/ ;DalGwt 3/wgL÷lgdf{0fstf{n] ug'{ kg]{ 5 .
%=# cUgL ;'/Iff k|df0fkqsf] gljs/0f M
cUgL k/fdz{bftf÷OlGhlgo/÷cfls{6]S6n] lbPsf] l/kf]6{sf] cfwf/df gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt÷k|flws/0f÷
gu/kflnsfsf] clws[tn] jflif{s ?kdf tn lbOPsf ejgx?sf] ;Gbe{df cUgL ;'/Iff k|df0fkqnfO{
gljs/0f ug{]5 .
-s_ ;fj{hlgs dgf]/~hg tyf ;ef u[xx?
-v_ c:ktfnx?, gl;{ªxf]d cflb
-u_ xf]6]nx?, kf6L{ k}n]; cflb
-3_ hldg d'lgsf ahf/ tyf Jofkfl/s s]Gb|
%=$ z'Ns M
cUnf ejgx?df cUgL k|lt/f]ws ;]jfnfO{ ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos cUgL k|lt/f]ws ;'ljwfx?
a9fpg lgj]bsx?n] cUgL ;'/Iff k|df0fkq k|fKt ug{ cfjZos k|df0fkqx? / of]hgfx?sf] ;]6sf]
;fy} g=lj=;=÷k|flws/0f÷g=kf=nfO{ ltg{' kg{] z'Ns g=lj=;=÷k|flws/0f÷g=kf=n] tf]s] adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
%=% ljljw M
oL dfkb08x? / g]kfnsf] /fli6«o ejg ;+lxtfdf Aoj:yf ePsf k|fjwfgx?sf] cltl/Qm pkof]u,
prfO, gofF ljsf;sf] sf/0fjf6 ;[hgf ePsf] ljz]if cfunfuL vt/fsf] cfwf/df cUgL ;'/Iffsf]
b[li6sf]0fn] ejgdf pko'Qm Joj:yfx? ug{ cg'dtL lbg ;lsg] 5 .
%=^ kx'Frsf] dfWod M
cGo s'g} ejgsf] kx'Frsf] dfWodnfO{ jl~rt ug{] u/L s'g} klg ejg lgdf{0f ug{ lbO{g] 5}g .
%=^=! ejg lgdf{0f ug{] k|To]s JolQmn] s'g} klg a]nf kx'Frsf] dfWodsf] ?kdf 5'6\ofOPsf]
If]qdf clts|d0f x'g]] u/L s'g} ejg lgdf{0f ug{ u/fpg jf k'gMlgdf{0f ug{ lbOg] 5}g .
%=^=@ ;+o'Qm cfjf;÷ax'tNn] -% tNnf eGbf cUnf]_ ejgx?sf nflu tn lbOPsf k|fjwfgx?
/ kx'Frsf] dfWod nfu" x'g] 5 .
-s_ ejg lt/ kms{]sf] d'Vo ;8ssf] rf}8fO{ !@ ld= eGbf sd x'g] 5}g .
-v_ kx'Fr dfu{df s'g} 3'dfp/f] ePdf bdsnx? kms{g ;Sg] u/L kof{Kt rf}8fO{ x'g' kg{] 5 . 6lg{ª ;s{n ( ld= /]l8o; eGbf sdsf] x'g] 5}g .
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
-u_ glj;÷k|flws/0f÷gkfsf] clws[tsf] ;Nnfxdf ejg leq hfg] kx'Fr / ejgsf] rf/} tkm{
^ ld= rf}8fO{ ;Ddsf] v'Nnf If]qx? x'g] u/L n]cfp6sf] l8hfOg ul/g]5 . bdsnsf] af]em\
lng ;lsg] u/L kx'Fr tyf v'Nnf If]qx?sf] hldg s8f ;txsf] x'g]5 . pko'Qm v'Nnf If]q
s'g} c8\rg gePsf] x'g'sf] ;fy} ufl8 rnfpg ;Sg] x'g' kg{]5 .
-3_ bdsnsf] ;xh kx'Fr x'g] u/L ejg If]qsf] d'Vo k|j]z4f/ kof{Kt rf}8fO{sf] x'g'kg{] 5
. rf}8fO s'g} xfntdf klg % ld= eGbf sdsf] x'g] 5}g . k|j]z åf/ Kn6leqsf] aflx/L
kx'Frdfu{ bdsnx? cfpg hldgdf afwf gx'g] u/L ejg If]qsf] sDkfp08 leq} kmsf{O
/fVg ldNg] x'g' kg{]5 . d'Vo k|j]z 4f/df cfr{j] /flvPsf] eP ;f] sf] prfO{ % ld= eGbf
sd x'g]5}g .
-ª_ Pp6} of]hgf If]qdf lgdf{0f x'g] ax'tNn] ;d'x cfjf; cfof]hgfx?sf] nflu kx'Fr dfu{ @)
ld= jf :yfgLo P/Lof Knfg÷ljsf; of]hgfdf Joj:yf eP cg';f/ x'g]5 . 5'§f5'§} ejgx?
aLrsf] 7fpF 36Ldf ^ ld= rf}8fO{sf] x'g]5 .
%=^=# ejg jl/k/Lsf] aflx/L v'Nnf If]q ;DaGwL k|fjwfgx? M
-s_ tf]lsPsf ejgx?sf] ;]6 Aofsx? Nff]sn P/Lof Knfg, e"pkof]u of]hgf, n]cfp6 of]hgf,
;fdfGo ljsf; of]hgfdf Joj:yf eP cg';f/ x'g]5 .
-v_ ;+o'Qm cfjf;÷ax'tNn] cUnf ejgsf nflu tflnsf n]lvP cg';f/ v'Nnf If]q /fVbf pko'Qm
x'G5 .
tflnsf ^ M ejg jl/kl/sf] aflx/L v'Nnf If]qx? ;DaGwL k|fjwfgx?
l;=g+= clwstd ejgsf] prfO{ -ld=_ejgsf] rf/} tkm{ v'Nnf 5f]8\g' kg{] aflx/L v'Nnf If]q ld6/df
-Kn6 cuf8L / k5fl8 b'a} tkm{_
!= !& dL6/ ;Dd tf]lsPsf] ;]6 Aofs cg';f/
@= !*–## ^ ld6/
#= ##–%% !) dL6/
$= %% eGbf a9L !% dL6/
%=& lgsf; ;DaGwL cfjZostfx?
lgDg lnlvt ;fdfGo cfjZostfx? s'g} klg lgsf;sf] nflu nfu" x'g]5 M
-s_ cfunfuL jf cGo cfsl:ds cj:yf cfOk/]df ejg leqsf JolQmx?nfO{ ;'/lIft ?kdf aflx/ Nofpg ldNg] u/L k|To]s ejgdf lgsf;sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'g' kb{5 .
-v_ k|To]s ejgdf lgsf;sf] Joj:yf o; dfkb08 cg';f/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-u_ ;a} lgsf;x? afwf c8\rgaf6 d'Qm x'g' kb{5 .
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
-3_ Go'gtd cfjZostf eGbf sd x'g] u/L lgsf;x?sf] ;+Vof rf}8fO{ cflbdf sdL cfpg] u/L s'g}
klg ejgdf kl/jt{g ug{ kfO{g] 5}g .
-ª_ lgsf;x? /fd|/L k|i6 b]lvg] x'g' kb{5 / Toxf ;Dd k'Ug] dfu{x? pko'Qm lrGxx? /flv k|i6 ?kdf
b]vfOPsf] x'g' kg{]5 .
-r_ ;a} lgsf; k'Ug] af6fx? /fd|/L pHofnf] kfl/Psf] x'g' kg{] 5 .
-5_ cfunfuL k|lt/f]ws cf}hf/x? lgsf; ;+u} /flvPsf] eP ;lx 7fpFdf /fVg'sf] ;fy} k|i6 ?kdf b]lvg]
u/L /fVg' kg{]5 / ltgn] lgsf; dfu{df cj/f]w k'¥of{pg lbg' x'b}g . lgsf; dfu{sf] b'j} tkm{af6
logsf] cjl:ylt k|i6 ?kn] b]lvg] x'g'kb{5 .
-h_ cfjZostf eP cg';f/ tTsfn ejg leq a:g]x?nfO{ ejg vfnL u/fpg Alarm ;+oGqx?
Hf8fg ul/g] 5 .
-em_ 3/ sDkfp08 aflx/ jf ;8s ;Dd k'Ug lgjf{w ?kdf lgsf; x'g' kg]{5 .
%=* lgsf;sf] k|sf/x? M
-s_ lgsf;x? t];f{] jf 7f8f] k|sf/sf] x'g]5 . lgsf; leqL e¥ofË, aflx/L e¥ofË, /fDk a/08f jf
6]/]; k'Ug ;Sg] 9f]sfsf] af6f], s/L8/ cflb x'g ;S5 . ;8s jf ejgsf] 5fgf;Dd kxF'r ePsf]
lgsf;df ToxL ;/xsf] csf{] hf]l8Psf] ejg ;Dd k'Ug] t];f{] lgsf; klg ;dfj]z x'g ;S5 .
-v_ nLˆ6, P:sfln6/ / 3'Dg] 9f]sfx?nfO{ lgsf; dfGg ;lsg] 5}g .
gf]6 M cfktsfnLg lgsf; ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yfx? /fli6«o ejg ;+lxtfdf pNn]v ul/P cg';f/ x'g]5 .
%=( hldg d'lgsf] tNnf -a];d]G6_ M
e"–pkof]u of]hgf÷hf]lgË of]hgf cGtu{t tf]lsPsf e"–pkof]u tyf cGo k|fjwfgx? cg';f/
g=lj=;=÷k|flws/0f÷g=kf=n] j]zd]G6 lgdf{0fsf] nflu cg'dlt lbg ;Sg]5 . j]zd]G6sf] nflu lgDg
cfjZostfx? xg]5g\ M
-s_ k|To]s j]zd]G6 ;a} efudf e'O{ b]lv l;lnË ;Dd @=% ld= eGbf sd prfO{sf] jf $=% ld eGbf
a9L prfOsf] x'g] 5}g .
-v_ kof{Kt e]lG6n];gsf] Joj:yf j]zd]G6df ul/g]5 . ejg dfkb08 cg';f/ vf; pkof]usf] nflu
cfjZos kg{] dfkb08 j]zd]G6sf] nflu klg nfu" x'g]5 . s'g} sld ePdf Anf]c/, PSem:6 k+vf
-%) ju{= ld= sf] nflu Pp6fsf] b/n]_, Po/ sl08;lgË l;:6d cflbaf6 ;f] sld k"lt{ ug{
;lsg]5 .
-u_ ;tx 9n j]zd]G6 leq gl5/f];\ eGgfsf] nflu cfjZos Joj:yfx? ul/g]5 . o; k|of]hgsf nflu
kfgL aflx/ ˆofFSg] kDk -l8jf6/Lª kDk_ sf] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .
-3_ j]zd]G6sf] uf/f]x? / e"O{x? kfgL gk:g] x'g' kb{5 . oLgsf] l8hfOgdf j/Lkl/sf] df6f] tyf
moisture sf] c;/nfO{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] x'G5 / kof{Kt 8ofDk k|'lkmªsf] Aoj:yf ul/Psf] x'G5 .
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
-ª_ j]zd]G6 ;Ddsf] kx'Fr ejgdf kx'Fr lbg] a}slNks e¥ofËaf6 x'g]5 . ;8saf6 ;f]em} k|j]zsf]
cg'dlt lbOg] 5}g . j]zd]G6sf] e¥ofª @ 3G6f eGbf sd gx'g] cUgL k|lt/f]ws Ifdtf ePsf]
lgdf{0f k|ljlw k|of]uu/L lgdf{0f ul/g]5 .
-r_ ;Fu}sf] ;DklQdf hf]l8Psf] 5'§} Kn6df lgDg lnlvt zt{x?df j]zd]G6sf] cg'dlt lbO{g] 5 M
!= wgLn] :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ ;Fu}sf] ;DklQdf lghaf6 ePsf] s'g} klg Ifltaf/] hfgsf/L lbg'
kg{]5 .
@= j]zd]G6sf] s'g} efu ejg /]vfsf] aflx/ k/]sf] 5 eg] Tof] hldg ;Fu} Flush ePsf] x'g'
kb{5 .
-h_ j]zd]G6sf] kf6L{;gnfO{ cg'dlt lbOPsf] eP s'g} klg efu %) j=ld=eGbf sdsf] x'g] 5}g / k|To]s
efudf e]lG6n];g ;DalGw dfkb08 kfngf ePsf] x'g' kg{]5 . ;fy} cUgL k|lt/f]wssf] gd{x? klg
nfu" x'g]5 .
%=!) x]nLKof8sf] Aoj:yfM
%) ld=jf ;f] eGbf dflysf cUnf 3/x?df x]nLKof8sf] Aoj:yf x'g' kg{]5 . o; ;DaGwL l:js[tLsf] sfo{
gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0fsf] l;kmfl/;df gu/ ljsf; ;ldlt÷k|flws/0f ÷gu/kflnsfaf6 x'g]5 .
%=!!= ;le{; 8S6÷l/k\mo"h ;'6
-s_ ;le{; 8S6x? @ 306f cUgL k|lt/f]ws Ifdtf ePsf] uf/f] tyf 9f]sfn] 3]l/Psf] x'g' kb{5 . olb
8S6x? !) a=ld= eGbf 7"nf 5g eg] e'O{n] ltgnfO{ l;n ug{' kg{]5 t/ kfOkx? l5/fpg pko'Qm
cf]klgª cyf{t v'nf :yfgx? /flvPsf] x'g' kg{] 5 . vfln 7fFpx? ;j} l;n x'g' kb{5 .
-v_ l/ˆo'h ;'6 @ 306f eGbf al9 cUgL k|lt/f]ws Ifdtf ePsf] cfuf]n] gvfg] ;fdu|Laf6 ag]sf]
x'g'kg{]5 . ;'6x? lgsf;af6 ;s];Dd 6f9f /flvg' kb{5 .
-u_ ltgLx?nfO{ e¥ofËsf] uf/f] / Po/sl8;gLª cflbdf /flvg] 5}g .
%=!@= ljB'tLo ;]jf ;DaGwL k|fjwfgx? M
-s_ ljB't ljt/0f Sofjnx?÷jfo/LË 5'§} 8S6 df /flvPsf] x'g' kb{5 . 8S6sf] If]q cUgL k|lt/f]ws
Ifdtf ePsf] cfuf]n] gvfg] ;fdu|Laf6 k|To]s tNnfdf l;n ul/Psf] x'g'kb{5 .
-v_ kfgLsf] d]gnfOg, 6]lnkmf]g tf/x?, OG6/ sd nfO{gx?, UofF; kfOkx? tyf cGo ;]jfsf nfOgx?
ljB't tf/sf] 8S6df /flvg] 5}g .
-u_ zfˆ6x? kmN; l;lnª eP/ hfg] dWod tyf Go"g ef]N6]hsf] jfo/LËx? nfO{ d]6n sG8o'6 af6
nlug]5 . kmN; l;lnË dfly ljB't jf cGo ;]jfsf] nflu ul/g] s'g} klg @#) ef]N6]hsf] jfo/LËsf]
^^) ef]N6]h u|]8 OG;'n];g x'g'kg{]5 . cfˆgf] ;:k]G;gsf] nflu k|of]u ul/g] ;a} lkmS:r/ ;xLtsf] kmN; l;lnË cfuf] gnfUg] ;fdu|Laf6 ag]sf] x'g'kb{5 .
-3_ ljB'tLo ;So"{6x?df Pd=l;=aL=sf] Aoj:yf ul/g]5 .
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
%=!@=! e¥ofË / sl/8/sf aQLx? M e¥ofË / sl/8/sf aQLx?sf] nfuL 5'§} ;lSo"{6x?
x'g]5g\ . s'g} klg avt cfuf] lgefpg] :6fkmsf] ;xh kx'Fr x'g] u/L hldg tNnfaf6
Pp6f :jLr h8fg u/L ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg] u/L logLx?nfO{ 5'§} hf]l8g]5 . cfkt k/]sf]
a]nf ˆo'h /fVg gkg{] ug{ ldgL ;ls{6 a]|s/ lsl;dsf] x'g' kb{5 . cfkTsfnLg aQLx?
e¥ofª / s/L8/df /flvg] 5 .
-s_ e¥ofË tyf sl/8f]/ aQLx?nfO{ ljB't cfk"lt{sf] a}slNks >f]t ;+u klg hf]l8Psf] x'g'kg{] 5 .
-v_ Ps} k6s @ j6f >f]tdf hf]8\g glbg, e¥ofË tyf sl/8/df h8fg ul/Psf aQLx?x?
8an y|f] :jLrx? h8fg u/L pko'Qm Aoj:yf ul/g] 5 . :6ofG8afO{ ;KnfO{ aGb ug{{ ;]jf
sIfdf 8an y|f] :jLr /flvg]5g\ .
%=!#= Po/ sl08;g M
-s_ cfuf] / w'Fjf Pp6f tNnfaf6 cGo tNnf jf aflx/af6 s'g} dflg; a;]sf] ejg tyf :6«Sr/df
km}lng] vt/fnfO{ Go"g ug{ ;lsg] u/L P=;L ;L:6d h8fg tyf ;+ef/ ul/g' kb{5 .
-v_ Pp6f tNnf eGbf a9L tNnfdf xfjf ;~rfng ug{] P=;L= l;:6dx? cfunfuL ePdf :jtM aGb
x'g] ul/ l8hfOg ul/Psf] / cfuf] jf w'Fjf km}ng glbg] 8ofDk/x? /flvPsf] x'g' kb{5 . o:tf]
l;:6ddf cfunfuL ePdf kFvfx? :jt aGb x'g] sG6«f]nx? /flvg' kb{5 . oL k+vfx? cfunfuLaf6
cfpg] w'Fjf ˆofFSgsf] nflu /flvPsf] eP rfn' cj:yfdf /xg ;Sg]5 .
-u_ !))) AolQm eGbf a9L_ c6fpg] 7"nf ;efsIfx?, 7"nf l8kf6{d]G6n :6f]/x? jf Pp6} Jnsdf
!)) j6f eGbf a9L sf]7f ePsf 5fqfaf;x?sf nflu Aoj:yf ul/g] P=;L l;:6d w'Fjfsf]
;~rf/0fnfO{ /f]Sgsf] nflu k|efjsf/L agfOg' kb{5 . Po/ lkmN6/x?df cfunfuL ePdf jf cGo
sf/0faf6 cfunfuL ePdf k+vfx? / 8fDk/x?nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{] :df]s ;]G;L6Le l8efO;nfO{
lqmofzLn ug{ kof{Kt tfk gePtf klg o:tf pkfox?df :jLs[t k|efjsf/L :df]s ;]G;L6Le
sG6«f]nx? x'g'kg{]5 .
%=!$ cUgL k|lt/f]ws oGq h8fg ;DaGwL
glj;÷k|flws/0f÷gkfsf clws[tn] plNnlvt h8fgx? cfjZos 7fpFdf pkof]u cg';f/sf] pko'Qm
:k]l;lkms];g cg';f/ cUgL k|lt/f]ws oGq h8fgx? /flvg] 5 . o:tf oGq lkmS:8 sfj{g8fO{ cS;fO8÷kmf]d
jf6/ :k|] PS:6LªUo';LË l;:6d cflb h:tf Joj:yf ePsf] x'g]5g\ .
%=!% cUgL ;"rs oGq
cfjf;Lo ejgx?sf] ;fy} !% ld= jf ;f] eGbf a9L prfO{ ePsf] ;a} ejgx?df cUgL ;"rs oGq h8fg
ul/Psf] x'g' kb{5 .
-s_ cfjf; OsfOx? jf KnfG6x? ePsf] af]l8{Ë 5fqfjf; h:tf ;a} cfjf;Lo ejgx?df k|To]s
tNnfdf Ps jf a9L sn aS;x? /fvL xftaf6 aNg] ljB'tLo cUgL ;"rs oGq h8fg ePsf]
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
x'g]5 . @@=% ld= eGbf a9L lx8\g gkg{] u/L cf–cfˆgf tNnf cg';f/ sn aS; /fVg] 7fpF PsLg
ul/g]5 .
-v_ sn aS;x? s'g} rNg] efu ePsf] a|]s Unf; 6fOkaf6 agfOPsf] x'g]5 . sn aS; ;~rfng ug{]
AolQmn] s]xL gu/L s'g} lgoGq0f sIfaf6 :jtM sn k|zf/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-u_ s'g} klg sn aS; lqmofzLn x'Fbf tNnfdf /x]sf ;j}n] ;'gf];\ eGgfsf] nflu Ps jf a9L ;fpG8/
x?af6 cfjfh cfpg] u/L sn aSzx? ldnfOPsf] x'g]5 .
-3_ axLu{dgsf af6fx?df afwf gx'g] ul/g'sf] ;fy} b'j} lbzfaf6 ltgLx? /flvPsf] 7fpF b]lvg] u/L
sn aS;x? h8fg ul/Psf] x'g]5 . sn aS;sf] a]; e'O{ ;txaf6 !=% ld= prfO{sf] x'g]5 .
-ª_ dfly n]lvPsf afx]s ;a} ejgx?df xftn] ;~rfng x'g] ljB'tLo cUgL ;"rs oGqsf] cltl/Qm
:jrflnt cUgL ;"rs oGq klg h8fg ul/Psf] x'g]5 .
k'gZr M ahf/df w]/} k|sf/sf kmfo/ l86]S6/x? pknAw 5g\ . k|To]ssf] pkof]u l;ldt 5 .
To;sf/0f vt/fsf] k|sf/ tyf ejgsf] :6«Sr/ x]/L pko'Qm l86]S6/sf] 5gf]6 ug{'kg{] x'g]5 .
%=!^ lgoGq0f sIf M
ljleGg tNnfx?af6 ;Gb]zx? kfpg ejgsf] k|j]z tNnfdf ;a} tNnfx? / ;a} ;'ljwfx?sf] ;~rf/
Joj:yf ePsf] lgoGq0f sIf /flvg] 5 . o; sIfdf kmfo/ kmfO6Lª cf}hf/x? / ltgsf h8fgx? af/]
lj:t't hfgsf/Lsf] ;fy} ˆnf]/ Knfgx?sf] lj:t[t ljj/0fx? /flvPsf] x'G5 . ;a} tNnfx?df kmfo/
l86]S;g / cnfd{ l;:6d ;Fu hf]l8Psf ;"rgf af]8{x? dfkm{t s'g} klg tNnfdf ePsf] cfunfuLsf]
hfgsf/L yfxf kfpg] ;'ljwf klg lgoGq0f sIfdf g} /flvg]5 . lgoGq0f sIfdf sfo{/t sd{rf/L ;a}
k|sf/sf ;]jfx?, kmfo/ kmfO6Lª cf}hf/x? tyf h8fgx? k|lt hfjfkmb]xL /xg]5g\ . tflnd k|fKt kmfo/
kmfO6Lª sd{rf/Lx?af6 lgoGq0f sIf @$ ;} 306f ;~rfng ul/Psf] x'G5 .
%=!& ejg lgdf{0fdf k|of]u x'g] ;fdu|L M
-s_ kfl6{zg, uf/f] kfgn, kmN; l;lnË cflbsf] nflu k|Hjng ;fdu|Lx? k|of]u ul/g] 5}g . cfuf] nfu]df 6S;Ls UofF;÷w'Fjf lgsfNg] s'g} klg ;fdu|L kfl6{zg, uf/f] kfgn, kmN; l;lnË sf] nflu
k|of]u ul/g] 5}g . ;Dk"0f{ kmN; l;lnËdf km|]d js{ wft'sf] x'g]5 / o;sf] nflu sf7sf] k|of]u
ul/g] 5}g .
-v_ :6«Sr/sf] lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lx? /fli6«o ejg ;+lxtf cg';f/sf] x'g]5 .
ejg lgdf{0fsf] gd"gf dfkb08 @)&)
g=lj=;=÷k|flws/0f÷g=kf=n] lg0f{o u/L cfˆgf] clwsf/ If]q leq ;8ssf] ;Ldfgf -/fO6 ckm j]_,
e"pkof]u gS;f, vf]nfgfnfx?sf] ;Ldfgf cflb v'nfpg] u/L cg';"rLx? ;+nUg ug'{kg]{ 5 . oL cg'';"rLx?
o; dfkb08sf] cleGg c+usf] ?kdf /xg] 5 .
cg';"rL ! M– ;8ssf] ;Ldfgf
cg';"rL @ M– e"pkof]u gS;f
cg';"rL # M– vf]nf, gfnfx?sf] ;Ldfgf
cg';"rL $ M– ejg l8hfOg ;DaGwL lj:t[t gS;fx? -ejgsf ljleGg :yfgx? :ki6 v'nfpg] u/L_
cg';"rL % M– ;x/ l8hfOg ;DaGwL lj:t[t gS;fx? -;x/L k"jf{wf/sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f v'nfpg] u/L_
cg';"rL ^ M– ;]6 Aofs, nfO6 Kn]g / ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of] ;DaGwL :s]r
-s_ ;]6 Aofs / nfO6 Kn]g
-v_ ˆnf]/ Pl/of /]:of] -kmf/_
cg';"rL
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