Manufacturing Network Evolution:

A Manufacturing Plant Perspective

ByYang Cheng, Sami Farooq and John JohansenCenter for Industrial Production, Aalborg University,

Aalborg, Denmark

Vicky F. Fakhrurrazi122100154MM Produksi Univ. Trisakti Angk. 36

Abstrak

Meneliti efek dari perubahan yang terjadi pada level manufaktur pada suatu pabrik terhadap pabrik yang lain dalam satu jaringan manufaktur dan juga melakukan investigasi mengenai peranan dari pabrik dalam evolusi jaringan manufaktur.

Definisi

Jaringan manufaktur adalah kumpulan dari pabrik-pabrik yang berlokasi pada tempat yang berbeda-beda (Ferdows, 1989; Rudberg and Olhager, 2003).

Kajian Teori

Literature on the manufacturing plant level Each plant was treated as a separate single facility and networking issues

were ignored (Schmenner, 1982).

Literature on the manufacturing network level Dalam proses pembuatan keputusan yang berhubungan dengan jaringan

manufaktur ada 2 keputusan yang harus dibedakan, yaitu: Konfigurasi dan Koordinasi (Porter, 1986; Fawcett et al., 1993).

Konfigurasi berhubungan dengan lokasi pabrik dan alokasi sumberdaya yang saling berhubungan dalam rantai supply (Meijboom and Vos, 1997).

Koordinasi berhubungan dengan pengaturan jaringan dan pertanyaan mengenai bagaimana caranya menhubungkan atau mengintegrasikan fasilitas yang ada agar dapat mencapai tujuan stratejik dari perusahaan (Gailbraith, 1990; Flaherty, 1996; Ferdows, 2006).

Research Questions

Bagaimana evolusi dari suatu pabrik mempengaruhi pabrik yang lain dalam suatu jaringan manufaktur?

Bagaimana evolusi dari suatu pabrik menyebabkan perubahan yang lain dalam suatu jaringan manufaktur secara lebih luas?

Metode Penelitian

Metode Penelitian: Case Study. 3 perusahaan di Denmarks (Kantor dan

pabrik) Empirical data dikumpulkan dari August

2008 and July 2009 dengan menggunakan 3 langkah pendekatan: Longitudinal secondary sources such as annual

reports, press releases, presentation material for customers and stakeholders, and media materials.

Semi-structured interviews. Document reviews and data from interviewees.

Key characteristics of the case companies

Key characteristics of the case companies

Case Study: Company A

Case Study: Company B

Case Study: Company C

Hasil Penelitian

Berdasarkan ketiga kasus, setiap pabrik sama-sama melakukan perpindahan dan relokasi produk dan proses ke pabrik lain. Dynamics of Products/Proces▪ In Case C, The Danish plant is responsible for developing new

products. However, during the course of their life cycle, their productions are normally transferred to the Hungarian and Chinese plants for low cost and market proximity.

▪ Process is similar as well. Dynamics of plant capability▪ Started their operations from simple products and basic

processes.▪ Head quarter's R&D for remote/outward plants.

Hasil Penelitian

Dynamics of location condition▪ Situation and factors that makes the plants

moved or produced specific products. Dynamics of decisions about networks▪ Real changes in either plant or networks are

enabled when top managers recognize opportunities and attempt to make relevant decisions, which are unlikely to be initiated by local managers.

Kesimpulan

From a plant perspective, plant evolutions are often interdependent. As the portfolios of products and processes flows among plants, strategic roles of related plants (i.e. transferors and receivers) are being changed simultaneously and gradually.

From a manufacturing network perspective, inter-related evolutions of plants can also lead to the portfolio of plants (with different strategic roles) being changed from time to time, which further represents the transformation of the configuration of a manufacturing network.

Tahap Evolusi