Download - Sistem Informasi (IK 217)

Asep Wahyudin – Departemen Pendidikan Ilmu Komputer – FPMIPA - Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Berbagai Tipe Sistem Informasi

Dr. Asep Wahyudin, S.Kom., MT

Sistem Informasi

(IK 217)


Sistem Operasional (Transaction Porcessing Sistem)

Sistem yang dirancang untuk pemrosesan data sehari-hari di dalam dunia usaha

misalnya : Inventory Control, Billing ,dan lain-lain.

Sistem Informasi Manajemen (MIS)

Sistem yang dirancang untuk pemrosesan data yang menghasilkan informasi yang

berarti untuk pihak manajement, baik untuk level puncak , tengah, atau dasar.

Misalnya Laporan Rugi Laba.

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (DSS)

Sistem pendukung keputusan dibuat untuk menolong seseorang dalam mengambil

keputusan berdasarkan kesimpulan atau perbandingan data dari sumber di dalam

atau diluar sistem yang ada .

Sistem Informasi Ekslusif (EIS)

Banyak keputusan yang harus diambil oleh manajemen dlm periodik dan perkiraan.

Untuk manghasilkan keputusan yang baik, maka perlu terlebih dahulu di definisikan

kebutuhan informasi yang akan digunakan dan dispesifikasikan tindakan alternatif

yang tepat. EIS dapat dibagi dalam dua kelompok :

Tipe Sistem Informasi [1]Gary B Shely, Thomas J, Cashman, etc (1998)


EIS Terstruktur.

EIS ini adalah Informasi yang periodik dan diperkirakan, biasanya EIS untuk

kepentingan pihak manajemen yang di level tengah

EIS tidak Terstruktur

Tidak dapat diprediksi dan tidak periodik . Biasanya untuk pihak manajemen

puncak EIS biasanya juga dinamakan Executive Suport Sistem ( ESS )

Expert Sistem.

Export Sistem adalah kombinasi dari pengetahuaan sebagai subjek, dari kemempuan

manusia yang diberikan atau disimulasikan oleh komputer dengan alasan

pengambilan keputusan.

Office Automation Sistem ( OAS )

Perusahaan dapat beroperasi secara efektiv jika komunikasi diantara anggotanya

efisien. AOS di perlukan untuk mengintegrasikan, Mengefisienkan pertukaran

informasi di antara anggota organisasi.

Tipe Sistem Informasi [1]Gary B Shely, Thomas J, Cashman, etc (1998)


Sedangkan pendekatan modern dikemukakan oleh Steven Alter bahwa tipe sistem

informasi itu dibagi melalui pendekatan fungsi bisnis dalam organisasi, sbb:

1. Katagori Sistem Informasi yang berhubungan dengan area fungsi bisnis yang

spesifik/khusus (specific functional areas of business) adalah :

a. Product Design Systems / CAD Systems

b. Supply Chain Systems

c. Manufacturing Systems (otomasi mesin)

d. Sales and Marketing Systems / Point of Sale (Pos), CRM

e. Finance Systems (checking account, credit cards, debit cards, smart cards,

electronic cash using in WWW’s payment)

Tipe Sistem Informasi [2]Steven Alter, (2002)


2. Katagori Sistem Informasi yang berhubungan dengan area fungsi bisnis

apapun / umum (any functional areas of business) adalah :

a.Office Automation Systems

- Spread Sheet Program

- Text and Image Processing Systems

- Presentation Package

- Personal Database Systems

b. Communication Systems

- Teleconferencing

- E-mail, Voice Mail, and Fax

- Instant Messaging, and Chat Rooms

- Intranets and Extranets

- Knowledge Management

- Group Support Systems

c. Transaction Processing System

d. Management and Executive

Information System

e. Decission Systems

- OLAP and Data Mining

- Expert Systems

- Neural Networks

- Fuzzy Logic

- Case-Base Reasioning

- Intelegent Agent

f. Enterprise Systems / ERP

Tipe Sistem Informasi [2]Steven Alter, (2002)


Major Types Of

Systems In

Organizations

Because there are

different interests,

specialties, and levels in

an organization, there

are different kinds of

systems. No single

system can provide all

the information an

organization needs.

Tipe Sistem Informasi [2]Kenneth C. Laudon and Jane P. Laudon (2006)


Four Major Types

Of Systems In

Organizations



Four Major Types Of Systems In Organizations

Characteristics of Information Processing Systems



TRANSACTION

PROCESSING SYSTEMS

Transaction processing

systems (TPS) are the basic

business systems that serve

the operational level of the

organization. A transaction

processing system is a

computerized system that

performs and records the

daily routine transactions

necessary to conduct

business. Examples are

sales order entry, hotel

reservation systems,

payroll, employee record

keeping, and shipping.

A payroll system is a typical accounting TPS that processes transactions

such as employee time cards and changes in employee salaries and

deductions. It keeps track of money paid to employees, withholding tax, and

paychecks



TYPICAL

APPLICATIONS

OF TPS

There are five

functional categories of

TPS: sales/marketing,

manufacturing/producti

on, finance/accounting,

human resources, and

other types of systems

specific to a particular

industry.

Within each of these

major functions are

subfunctions. For each

of these subfunctions

(e.g., sales

management) there is

a major application

system.Transaction processing systems are often so central to a business that TPS failure for

a few hours can lead to a firm’s demise and perhaps that of other firms linked to it.

Imagine what would happen to UPS if its package tracking system were not working!

What would the airlines do without their computerized reservation systems?



Three TPS supply summarized transaction data to the MIS reporting

system at the end of the time period. Managers gain access to the

organizational data through the MIS, which provides them with the

appropriate reports.

MANAGEMENT

INFORMATION SYSTEMSThe term management

information systems (MIS) also

designates a specific category

of information systems serving

management-level functions.

Management information

systems (MIS) serve the

management level of the

organization, providing

managers with reports and

often online access to the

organization’s current

performance and historical

records.

Typically, MIS are oriented

almost exclusively to internal,

not environmental or external,

events. MIS primarily serve the

functions of planning,

controlling, and decision

making at the management

level. Generally, they depend

on underlying transaction

processing systems for their

data.



MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS

A sample MIS report



Kenneth C. Laudon and Jane P. Laudon (2006)

DECISION-SUPPORT SYSTEMS

Decision-support systems (DSS) also serve the

management level of the organization. DSS help

managers make decisions that are unique,

rapidly changing, and not easily specified in

advance.

Although DSS use internal information from TPS

and MIS, they often bring in information from

external sources, such as current stock prices or

product prices of competitors.

Clearly, by design, DSS have more analytical

power than other systems.

- use a variety of models to analyze data

- condense large amounts of data into a form

in which they can be analyzed by decision

makers.

- designed so that users can work with them

directly; these systems explicitly include user-

friendly software.

- interactive; the user can change

assumptions, ask new questions, and include

new data.


EXECUTIVE SUPPORT

SYSTEMS

• Senior managers use

executive support systems

(ESS) to help them make

decisions.

• serve the strategic level of

the organization.

• designed to incorporate data

about external events, such

as new tax laws or

competitors, but they also

draw summarized

information from internal MIS

and DSS.

• filter, compress, and track

critical data, displaying the

data of greatest importance

to senior managers.


Unlike the other types of information systems, ESS are not designed

primarily to solve specific problems. Instead, ESS provide a generalized

computing and communications capacity that can be applied to a

changing array of problems. Although many DSS are designed to be

highly analytical, ESS tend to make less use of analytical models


The Interrelationship Among the Four Major Types Of Systems In Organizations

The various types of systems in the organization have interdependencies. TPS are major

producers of information that is required by the other systems, which, in turn, produce

information for other systems. These different types of systems have been loosely coupled in

most organizations.



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