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LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM FISIKA TERAPAN

MENENTUKAN TITIK API & KEKUATAN LENSA

(PERCOBAAN O1)

NAMA PRAKTIKAN :

1. SAMSU ADI NUGROHO NIM 21010115060021

2. FARAH ALYA ANGHISTRA NIM 21010115060022

3. ANINDYA CAHYAWATI NIM 210110115060023

PROGRAM DIPLOMA III TEKNIK SIPIL

UNIVERSITAS DIPOPNEGORO

SEMARANG

2015



MENENTUKAN TITIK API DAN KEKUATAN LENSA

- PERCOBAAN O1 -

I. MAKSUD PERCOBAAN

Menentukan ttk a! "an kekuatan #en$a

II. ALAT YANG DIBUTUKAN

1. La%!u

2. &en''a($

3. Len$a !)$t* "an #en$a ne'at*

+. La,a(

5. -an'ku )!tk

III. CARA MELAKUKAN PERCOBAAN

A. Menentukan ttk a! #en$a !)$t*

1. Mu#a%u#a /en"a #en$a !)$t* "an #a,a( untuk %enan'ka! /a,an'an

"!)()$kan. A(tn,a /en"a !u$at #en$a "an /en"a !u$at #a,a( /e(a"a

!a"a 'a($ #u(u$ ,an' $eaa( "en'an /an'ku )!tk.

2. Letakkan /en"a %au!un /a,an'an#a,a( !a"a /an'ku )!tk "'n te!at.

3. Len$a "#etakkan "anta(a /en"a "an #a,a( "'e$e('e$e( $a%!a

te("a!at /a,an'an ,an' !a#n' te(an' !a"a #a,a(.

+. Sete#a "ketau ke"u"ukan n #en$a "'e$e( ke kanan $e"kt

$a%!a /a,an'an %ena" ka/u(. 4e%u"an #en$a "'e$e( !e#an!e#an

"a( a(a ke kanan ke k( $a%!a te("a!at /a,an'an ,an' te(an' #a'

a(ak /en"a "an /a,an'an "uku( "en'an !en''a($

2



5. Len$a ke%u"an "'e$e( ke k( $a%!a /a,an'an !a"a #a,a( %ena"

ka/u( ke%u"an "'e$e( "a( a(a k( kekanan !e(#aan#aan

$a%!a te("a!at /a,an'an ,an' !a#n' te(an'. a(ak /en"a "an

/a,an'an n "na%akan a(ak /en"a "a( k( "an a(ak /en"a "an

/a,an'an !a"a n) + "na%akan %a$n'%a$n' a(ak /en"a "a(

kanan "an /a,an'an "a( kanan.

6. a(ak /en"a %au!un /a,an'an "a%at 3 7 "a( kanan "an k(

ke%u"an "8atat.

9. Da( a('aa('a / "an : $ete#a "a%/# (ata(atan,a a(ak ttk a!

"an kekuatan #en$a "a!at "tun' "en'an %en''unakan !e($a%aan

;1< "an ;3<. Uku(#a a(ak /en"a "an /a,an'an ;ka#au a(ak n = +*<

3 ka# "an u'a a(ak "anta(a ke"u"ukan #en$a 3 7. Htun'#a a(ak

ttk a! #en$a "en'an %en''unakan !e($a%aan ;2<.

-. Menentukan ttk a! #en$a ne'at*

1. -en"a %au!un #en$a !)$t* "/uat teta! te%!atn,a.

2. 4e%u"an "8a( /a,an'an !a#n' te(an' ,an' "/uat #en$a !)$t* 3

7 "a( kanan "an k(. a(ak /a,an'an #en$a !)$t* "8atat.

3. -a,an'an /en"a !)$t* n "!aka $e/a'a /en"a %a,a /a' #en$a

ne'at* a'a( te("a!at /a,an'an ,an' n,ata. -en"a %e(u!akan /en"a

%a,a /#a #en$a ne'at* "#etakkan anta(a #en$a !)$t* "an /a,an'an

#en$a !)$t*. 4e"u"ukan #en$a !)$t* "/uat teta!.

+. La,a( ke%u"an "'e$e('e$e( $e"e%kan 3 7 "a( kanan "an k(

n''a "!e()#e /a,an'an ,an' !a#n' te(an'. a(ak anta(a #en$a

!)$t* "an ne'at* "8atat "e%kan u'a a(ak /a,an'an #en$a

ne'at*.

5. a(ak /en"a #en$a ne'at* a"a#a $e#$ a(ak /a,an'an #en$a !)$t*

"an a(ak anta(a ke"ua #en$a.

3



6. Maka "a( a('aa('a / "an : "!e()#e ttk a! %au!un kekuatan

#en$a "en'an %en'n'at /a>a a('a : ne'at*.

IV. TEORI PERCOBAAN

4a#au a(ak /en"a %au!un a(ak /a,an'an !a"a !e%/entukan ,an'

!a#n' te(an' "ketau %aka a(ak ttk a! #en$a ;*< "tun' "en'an (u%u$ ?

<1;..........111

vb F +=

D%ana ? / @ a(ak /a,an'an ,atu a(ak "a( !u$at #en$a ke /a,an'an

: @ a(ak /en"a ,atu a(ak "a( /en"a ke !u$at #en$a

ka /en"a "an /a,an'an "a#a% a(ak k)n$tant ,an' #e/ /e$a( "a( +7

a(ak ttk a! #en$a. A"a 2 ke"u"ukan #en$a ,an' %un'kn "anta(a

/en"a "an /a,an'an ,an' %en'a$#kan /a,an'an/a,an'an ,an' !a#n'

te(an' /a,an'an ,an' $atu %e(u!akan /a,an'an ,an' "!e(/e$a( "an

,an' #an /a,an'an "!e(ke8#. ka " %en,atakan "anta(a /en"a "an

/a,an'an "an a(ak 8 a(ak anta(a ke"u"ukan #en$a %aka a(ak ttk a!

#en$a a"a#a

<2;..........+

22

d

cd f

−=

+

A



Ga%/a( %ene(an'kan : " "an * !a"a #en$a ⊕ !)$t*. Ca(a #an untuk

%enentukan ttk a! #en$a "8a( %e#a#u 2 %a8a% ke"u"ukan #en$a

,an' %un'kn "anta(a /en"a "an /a,an'an te(/entuk

Da( 'a%/a( "a!at "!e()#e !e($a%aan ?

A1 @ A C @ " B A

2A @ " B 8

A @ <3;..........2

cd −

A @ A C @ " B AE

2AE @ " 8

AE @ <+;..........2

cd +

&e($a%aan 3 "an + "%a$ukkan "a#a% !e($a%aan ?

d

ca F

ca

d

F

caca F

+

+1

221

22

22

−=

−

=

++

−=

5

-

A

F

C

AE

-EAE

-E

-E

AE

CE



Untuk #en$a ;< untuk %en"a!atkan /a,an'an $eat !a"a #a,a(

/en"a a(u$ %e(u!akan /en"a %a,a ,an' "!e()#e "en'an !e(t)#)n'an

#en$a ;< ,atu /a,an'an $eat ,an' "/entuk )#e #en$a ;< akan

%ena" /en"a %a,a untuk #en$a ;<. 4ekuatan #en$a "a!at "n,atakan

"en'an ")!t( ?

<5;..........1

f P =

"%ana * "n,atakan "a#a% %ete(

V. ASIL PERCOBAAN

A. a(ak ttk a! "an kekuatan #en$a !)$t*

a(ak /en"a a(ak -a,an'an

Da( kanan Da( k( Rata(ata Rata(ata

ak(

Da( kanan Da( k( Rata(ata Rata(ata ak(

1

5

6

+

95

5

69

612

61

61+

62

615

61+

616

6125

6115

6123

a(ak /en"a "a( /en"a /a,an'an a(ak ke"ua ke"u"ukan #en$a160 8% 3910 8%

Dtun' "a#a% 8%

-. a(ak ttk a! "an kekuatan #en$a !)$t*

a(ak /a,an'an #en$a !)$t* a(ak #en$a

;< ke ;<

a(ak /a,an'an #en$a ne'at:e

Da( kanan Da( k( Rata

(ata

Rata(ata

ak(

ke Da( kanan Da( k( Rata

(ata

Rata(ata

ak(

612

61

60

62

615

61+

616

6125

6115

6133 5+

1160

1190

1150

1130

1120

1110

11+5

11+5

1130

11+0

Dtun' "a#a% 8%

VI. PERITUNGAN

6



1. a. Menghitung titik api (f) dengan rumus lensa (positif) :

<1;...........

111

vb

vb

vb f

+=+=

D%ana : @ a(ak /en"a ,atu a(ak /en"a ke #en$a.

/ @ a(ak /a,an'an ,atu a(ak /a,an'an ke #en$a

"a%/# (ata(ata "a( 3 7 !e(8)/aan

&e(8)/aan ;1<. Dket ? : @ +8% / @ 6160 8%

Dta ? a. *)ku$ . . . . .

/. kekuatan #en$a . . . . .

a>a/ ?

a. cmvb

vb

vb f 026+0

++6061

160

+FG6061

+FG6061

.

111==

⋅

+=

+=+=

%aka

mcm f 39G9F0G9F39026+0

1===

/.6+02

39G9F0

11===

f p

")!t(

&e(8)/aan ;2<. Dket ? : @ 95 8% / @ 6125 8%

Dta ? a. *)ku$ . . . . .


a>a/ ?

a.

cm

vb

vb

vb f

026+50

++60+G

160

95FG.2561

95FG2561

.

111==

+=

+=+=

%aka ?

mcm f 39G0920G09239026+50

1===

9



/. dioptri f

P 6+50239G0920

11===

&e(8)/aan ;3<. Dket ? : @ 5 8% / @61158%

Dta ? a. *)ku$ . . . . .


a>a/ ?

a.

cm

vb

vb

vb f

026+900

6G60++

160

G5FG.1561

G5FG1561

.

111==

+=

+=+=

%aka ?

mcm f 3999G6099G639026+900

1===

/. dioptri f

P 6+9023999G60

11===

1. b. Menghitung titik api (f) dengan rumus ( pada lensa positif) :

<2....;..........+

22

d cd f −=

4ete(an'an ? " @ a(ak /en"a ke /a,an'an

8 @ a(ak ke"u"ukan anta(a ke"ua #en$a

Dket ? " @ 160 8% 8 @ 3910 8%

Dta ? a. *)ku$ . . . . .


a>a/ ?

a.<160.;+

<1039;<160;

+

2222−

=−

=

d

cd f

mcm 39G+G0G+G396+0

2+223===



/. dioptri f

P 6+22239G+G0

11===

1. c. Ralat Fokus Positif

Da( %en'tun' *)ku$ #en$a !)$t* "en'an (u%u$ ?

N) a(ak ttk a! ;%< Se#$ "en'an (ata(ata &en,%!an'an

1

2

3

0399

03909

03999

00005

00001+

0.000+3

00005

00001+

0000+3

03921 00000033 00003

Ra#at n$/ @ J100+90J10039G210

0003G0= x

4e$ek$a%aan @ ;100 B 0100+9< J @ J

F)ku$ @ ;03921 00003<

1. d. Ralat Kekuatan Lensa Positif

Da( %en'tun' *)ku$ #en$a !)$t* "en'an (u%u$ ?

N) 4ekuatan #en$a ;< Se#$ "en'an (ata(ata &en,%!an'an

1

2

3

26+0

26+5

26+9

000+

0001

0003

000+

0001

0003

26++ 0 00029

Ra#at n$/ @ 1020J1006++2

00290= x J

4e$ek$a%aan @ ;100 B 0102< J @ J

F)ku$ @ ;26++ 00029<



. a. Menghitung titik api (f) dengan rumus (negatif)

<1;...........

11

vb

vb

vb f

+

=+=

4ete(an'an ?

: @ a(ak /a,an'an #en$a !)$t*

@ a(ak /a,an'an ;< B a(ak anta(a ke"ua #en$a

/ @ a(ak /a,an'an #en$a ne'at*

&e(8)/aan ;1<. Dket ? : @ 6160 B 5+ @ 96 8% / @ 11+5 8%

Dta ? a. *)ku$ . . . . .


a>a/ ?

a. 21F002G9

051F

69.+511

69+511

.

111==

+

=

+

=+=

vb

vb

vb f 8%

%aka ?

mcm f 0+60566+21F0

1===

/. dioptri f

P 93F210+60

11===

&e(8)/aan ;2<. Dket ? : @ 6125 B 5+ @ 925 8%

/ @ 11+5 8%

Dta ? a. *)ku$ . . . . .


a>a/ ?

a. cmvb

vb

vb f 2250

012G3

91G

259+511

259+511

.

111==

⋅

+=

+=+=

10



%aka ?

mcm f 0++0++++

2250

1===

/. dioptri f

P 929220++0

11===

&e(8)/aan ;3<. Dket ? : @ 6115 B 5+ @ 915 8%

/ @ 1130 8%

Dta ? a. *)ku$ . . . . .


a>a/ ?

a. cmvb

vb

vb f 22G0

9F5G0

+51G

159.3011

1593011

.

111==

+=

+=+=

%aka ?

mcm f 0++03G6+22G0

1===

/. dioptri f

P 929220++0

11===

. b. Ralat fokus negatif

Da( tun'an *)ku$ #en$a ne'at* "en'an (u%u$

N) a(ak ttk a! ;%< Se#$ "en'an (ata(ata &en,%!an'an

1

2

3

00+6

00++

00++

0001

0001

0001

00001

0001

0001

00+5 000033 0001

Ra#at n$/ @ J2222J1000+50

0010= x

4e$ek$a%aan @ ;100 B 2222< J @999 J

Ha$# ak( @ ;00+5 0001< %

N) 4ekuatan Len$a ;< Se#$ &en,%!an'an

1 2193 06 06

11



2

3

22929

22929

032

032

032

032

223 00103 0++

Ra#at n$/ @ J0052J1003FG22

++F0= x

4e$ek$a%aan @; 100 B 2005< J @ 53+ J

Ha$# ak( @ ;223 0++< %

VII. P!"#$%$$%

1. A!aka ,an' "%ak$u" "en'an #en$a "#e('ent "an 8)n:e('ent

2. A!a ,an' "%ak$u" "en'an a//e(a$ $aten$

a>a/an ?

1. Len$a 4)n:e('ent

Len$a !)$t* ,an' /e($*at %en'u%!u#kan $na( "an 8( ka$ "an

#en$a n a"a#a /a'an uun'n,a t!$ "an ten'an,a te/a# $e(ta a$#

$e#$ anta(a $e!e( a(a( !e(ta%a "an $e!e( a(a( ke"ua = 0

(u%u$

011

21

>−

R R

2. Len$a D:e('ent

Len$a ne'at* ,an' $*atn,a %en,e/a( $na( "an 8( ka$ "a( #en$an a"a#a /a'an uun'n,a te/a# $e"an' /a'an ten'an,a t!$ $e(ta

a$# $e#$ $e!e( a(a( !e(ta%a "an $e!e( a(a( ke"ua K 0

011

21

<−

R R

12



Len$a n a"a 3 %a8a% ?

1. -k)nka*

2. &#ukanka*

3. 4)n:e$k)nka*

VIII.P!'$$*$%

&e(8)/aan n "#akukan untuk %enentukan ttk a! ;*)ku$ "an

kekuatan #en$a /ak !)$t* %au!un !a"a #en$a ne'at*. A"an,a (a#at

n$/ "an ke$ek$a%aan "$e/a/kan )#e

1. Ca(a !en'#atan /a,an'an

"a( ka/u( ke e#a$ ,an' ku(an' te!at.

2. &en'uku(an a(ak ,an' ku(an'

te#t

3. &e(a#atan ,an' "'unakan

"a#a% !(aktek O1 ,an' ku(an' %e%a"a.

I+. K!*,'/$%

1. 4a#au a(ak /en"a %au!un /a,an'an !a"a !e%/entukan /a,an'an

,an' !a#n' te(an' "ketau %aka *)ku$ "a!at "ketau.

2. 4ekuatan #en$a /e(/an"n' te(/a#k "en'an a(ak *)ku$n,a %aka

$e%akn /e$a(au a(ak ttk a!*)ku$ #en$a $e%akn ke8# kekuatan

#en$a te($e/ut. -e'tu u'a $e/a#kn,a.

3. Len$a ,an' %e%!un,a a(ak *)ku$ ke8# te(n,ata kekuatan

%en'u%!u#kan $na( #e/ /e$a(.

+. Len$a ,an' /ak /a,an'an ,an' "a$#kan /e$a(n,a a(u$ "entk

"en'an /en"an,a. Han,a $aa %un'kn "!e(/e$a( atau!un "!e(ke8#

/entukn,a $e/an'un.

13