HALAKAM

GNINRAEL DESAB TCEJORP ERAC GNISRUN

RALUCSAVOIDRAK METSIS

ISNETREPIH

: helO nususiD

ITITSAN GNINAYDAM YKE

4001270190

NATAWAREPEK UMLI NASURUJ

NARETKODEK SATLUKAF

AYAJIWARB SATISREVINU

EATIV MULUCIRRUC

AMAN ITITSAN GNINAYDAM YKE :

MIN 4001270190 :

NASURUJ NATAWAREPEK UMLI :

NATAKGNA A 9002 :

LTT 1991 IEM 02 ,REBMEJ :

TAMALA REBMEJ 82 ON UAIR .NLJ :

: NAKIDIDNEP TAYAWIR

- NDS GNARAKES( II ROL REBMEJ REBMEJ )1 ROL

- 2 IREGEN PMS REBMEJ

- REBMEJ 1 IREGEN AMS

- S- GNALAM AYAJIWARB SATISREVINU NATAWAREPEK UMLI NASURUJ 1

HARAD NANAKET

)PAM( ERUSSERP LAIRETRA NAEM NAD ELOTSAID ,ELOTSIS .A

irad lawa nad gnutnaj natuyned utas aynialumid edoirep halada gnutnaj sulkiS

.ayntujnales natuyned .elotsaid nad elotsis edoirep irad iridret gnutnaj sulkiS

.1 ELOTSAID

,lekirtnev irad isaskaler edoirep halada .harad naisignep idajret anamid

utiay sesorp aud idajnem igabid tapad lotsaiD nad kirtemulovosi isaskaler ralucirtnev

gnillif .

o ranulimes putak ,isaaskaler ialum gnay lekirtnev idajret kirtemulovosi isaskaler adaP

nad ureb kadit patet lekirtnev emulov nad pututret siralukirtnevoirta putak .hab

o adaP gnillif ralucirtnev id nanaket irad iggnit hibel muirta irad nanaket anamid

putak nad lartim putak ,lekirtnev dipsucirt naka lekirtnev aggnihes akubret naka

.iskartnokreb muirta akij % 001 iapacnem naka nad %08 isiret

ek kusam gnay latot emuloV tubesid lotsaid malad emuloV cilotsaiD dnE

.2 ELOTSIS

irad iskartnok edoirep halada .gnutnaj irad nakraulekid naka harad anamid ,lekirtnev

utiay sesorp aud idajnem igabid tapad kilotsiS iskeje nad kirtemulovosi iskartnok

.lekirtnev

o iskartnok adaP putak ipatet ialumid hadus iskartnok ,kirtemulovosi – patet putak

nanakeT .pututret nakednemep aynada iapmujid kadit ipatet naklisahid halet aguj

.toto irad

o nagned nakgnidnabid iggnit hibel lekirtnev malad nanaket lekirtnev iskeje adaP

atroa adap nanaket aggnihes renomlup nad renomlup putak nad atroa putak

taas adaP .hubut hurules ek apmopid naka harad aynrihka nad akubret

.toto irad nakednemep idajret ini

tubesid lekirtnev id tapadret gnay harad asiS emuloV cilotsyS dnE .

amatu gnutnaj iynub auD nagned ragnedid tapad lamron naadaek malad

amales poksotets nad ,kanul ,hadner adanreb amatrep gnutnaj iynuB.gnutnaj sulkis

amal fitaler - nakatakid gnires adan ikilimem audek gnutnaj iynuB .”bul“ itrepes ragnedret

majat nad takgnis hibel ,iggnit hibel gnay gnires itrepes ragnedret nagned nakatakid

naputunep nagned natiakreb amatrep gnutnaj iynuB .”pud“ iynub nakgnades , VA putak

naakubmeP .ranulimes putak naputunep nagned natiakreb audek putak kadit

gnay narateg anerak lubmit iynuB .nupapa iynub naklubminem gnidnid id idajret

nad lekirtnev iretra – naputunep kired helo nakub ,putunem putak akitek raseb iretra

putak naputunep aneraK .putak nanaket akitek lekirtnev iskartnok lawa adap idajret VA

nanaket ihibelem ilak amatrep lekirtnev rep gnutnaj iynub ,muirta nakadnanem amat

idajret siranulimes putak naputuneP.lekirtnev lotsis natiwa lekirtnev isaskaler lawa adap

nad atroa nanaket hawab id nurut nanak nad irik lekirtnev nanaket akitek iretra

d naalumrep nakadnanem audek gnutnaj iynub naikimed nagneD .silanomlup lotsai

.lekirtnev

ERUSSERP LAIRETRA NAEM .3

anev hulubmep gnuju ek iretra irad isalukris hurules iulalem rilagnem haraD

naadebreP .nanaket naadebrep padahret nopser iagabes halas nakutnetid nanaket

helo aynutas atar iretra harad nanaket - atar etrA naeM ( .)erusserP lair

PAM raseb iretra harad hulubmep malad kutnebret gnaynanaket iagabes nakisinifedid

atar harad emulov nad snailpmok nanimrec nakapurem nad utkaw gnajnapes - malad atar

.iretra metsys

halada lamron PAM gHmm001 harad nanaket irad nakarikrepid tapad nad

)erusaerp doolb cilotsaid( cilotsaid harad nanaket nad )erusaerp doolb cilotsys( kilotsis

: sumur nagned

= PAM )PBD x 2 (+ PBS a uat = PAM PBS( +PBD - PBD )

3 3

ARUTAGNEP .B HARAD NANAKET N

B kedneP akgnaJ haraD nanakeT narutagneP emsinakeM .1.

aparebeb irad gnusgnalreb kednep akgnaj harad nanaket narutagnep emsinakeM

haruc halada harad nanaket nakutnenem gnay kisif rotkaF .tinem aparebeb aggnih kited

refirep nanahat nad gnutnaj haruC .refirep nanahat nad ,iretra satisitsale ,gnutnaj

as nakapurem iulalem idajret ini narukugneP .skelfer tawel tapec narutagnep adap naras

aludem nad harad hulubmep ,gnutnaj rotkefe nagro tegrat nagned lanoruen skelfer

naem rutagnem gnay lanoruen skelfer metsiS .lanerda erusserp doolb lairetra ajrekeb

akgnar utaus malad rotpeserorab apureb ,rotketed :irad iridret fitagen kilab napmu nai

hulubmep gnidnid nagnagerep isketednem upmam gnay gnager rotpeser utaus utiay

gnay rosnes utiay ,rotpeseromek nad ,harad nanaket natakgninep helo harad

OP nahaburep isketednem 2 OCP , 2 p nad id iladnek tasup ;nerefa lanoruen saraj ;harad H

atres ;monoto faras metsis irad iridret gnay nerefe lanoruen saraj ;atagnolbo aludem

les nad ucamep tala irad iridret gnay ,rotkefe - les ,gnutnaj toto les - ,iretra id solop toto les

.lanerda aludem nad anev

B 1.1. rotpeseromeK nad rotpeseroraB skelfeR

halada iuhatekid gnilap gnay iretra nanaket narutagnep kutnu faras emsinakeM

ripmah gnidnid adaP .gnageret ai alib gnasgnaret rotpeseroraB .rotpeserorab skelfer

ad skarot haread id katelret gnay raseb iretra aumes aparebeb iapmujid tapad rehel n

gnay anretni sitorak iretra gnidnid :malad amaturet iapmujid ipatet ,rotpeserorab

.atroa sukra gnidnid nad ,)sukitorak sunis( sitorak oisakrufib sata id kaga katelret

gnilap gnay harad hulubmep naigab halada sukitorak suniS .gnageret hadum

tagnas gnay gnireh faras itawelem naka sukitorak sunis paites irad nakralajid gnay layniS

ek lainark faras ek licek - suiratilos sutkart suelkun ek naidumek nad )laegnirafosolg( 9

naigab halada atroa sukrA .kato gnatab aludem haread id )STN( nad laynek gnilap gnay

iulalem nakralajid atroa sukra irad layniS .irik lekirtnev iskeje idajret ilak paites gnageret

ek lainark faras - adaP .atagnolbo aludem id amas gnay aera malad ek aguj )sugav( 01

nem malad narepreb hibel sukitorak sunis lamron naadaek harad nanaket nakiladneg

kitats isavitka gnasgnar gnabma ikilimem atroa sukra anamid ,atroa sukra gnidnabid

atroa sukrA .gHmm 05~ sv gHmm 011~ utiay sukitorak sunis gnidnabid iggnit hibel gnay

idnabid iggnit hibel gnay kimanid gnasgnar gnabma ikilimem aguj ,sukitorak sunis gn

.hunej halet sukitorak sunis rotpeserorab taas snopsereb patet ipatet 7

emulov rotpeser nad ,ditorak nadab malad rotpeseromek ,rotpeseroraB

( hcterts faras tawel slupmi mirignem ,gnutnaj malad ) - lainark faras malad nerefa faras

ek - nad 9 ek - ek lainark faras irad iskeyorP .kato gnatab id STN ujunem 01 - ek nad 9 - 01

( kian rulaj iulalem naka STN ujunem gnidnecsa anamid kato id haread iapacnem kutnu )

tubesret hareaD .gnusgnal kirtkele isalumits helo gnasgnarid tapad monoto kefe

aera kusamret - ra ( sketrok ae otnorf - latipicco ailgnag ,aladgima ,ilugnis surig ,)laropmet ,

rulaJ .silanips adrok nad kato gnatab hawab haread aguj ,sumalatopih nad ,lasab

( nurunem gnidnecsed tubareS .sumalatopih iapacnem ilugnis surig nad sketrok irad ) -

latopih irad tubares silanips adroK .silanips adrok nad kato gnatab suelkun ek kian suma

tubares gnudnagnem - noruen adap rihkareb nad kian nalajreb gnay rotomosav tubares

arp - .kitapmis noilgnag 8

:1 rabmaG .laynis naralajnep nad rotpeseroraB 1

eromek iladneK rotpeseromek pukacnem reluksavoidrak metsis adap rotpes

kato Hp padahret fitisnes atagnolbo aludem id lartnes rotpeseromeK .refirep nad lartnes

OCP naiggninep naknimrecnem gnay ,hadner gnay 2 OCP natakgnineP .iretra id 2 iretra

tnes rotpeseromek isalumitsnem lisah nagned rotomosav aera isibihnignem kutnu lar

refirep rotpeseromeK .iskirtsnokosav idajret nad sitapmis naraulek natakgninep rihka

nadab utiay ,rotpeserorab taked katelret nad urap isalitnev nakiladnegnem narepreb

OP nanuruneP .atroa nadab nad sitorak 2 kutnu refirep rotpeseromek isalumitsnem iretra

.harad hulubmep isatalidosav nakbabeynem

:1 amekS .harad nanaket nanurunep padahret kednep akgnaj narutagneP 5

:2 amekS .harad nanaket natakgninep padahret kednep akgnaj narutagneP 5

2.1.B gnutnaJ adap sitapmisaraP nagnasgnareP

adap monotua isgnuf halmujes igab gnitnep tagnas sitapmisarap faras metsiS

huragneP .isalukris nailadnegnep malad licek narep iaynupmem aynah numan ,hubut

ep halaynah gnitnep gnay isalukris tares iulalem gnutnaj isneukerf narutagn - tares

ek gnusgnal aludem irad ,sugav suvren helo gnutnaj ek awab id gnay sitapmisarap

.gnutnaj 4

tuyned nakitnehgnem tapad gnutnaj adap tauk gnay sugav nagnasgnareP

aynasaib ipatet ,kited aparebeb amales gnutnaj nad ”aynisatagnem“ naka gnutnaj

,uti nialeS .tinem rep ilak 04 iapmas 02 natapecek nagned tuynedreb uti haletes

02 rasebes toto iskartnok nataukek naknurunem tapad tauk gnay sugav nagnasgnarep

s anerak raseb hibel naka kadit ini nanuruneP .nesrep 03 iapmas tare - id sugav tares

aganet anam id lekirtnev ek kaynab utigeb kadit ipatet muirta ek amaturet nakisubirtsid

gnutnaj tuyned isneukerf nanurunep ,naikimed nupikseM .idajret aynranebes iskartnok

k gnay gnutnaj iskartnok nanurunep nagned nakgnubagid raseb gnay tapad naka lice

gnutnaj alib amaturet ,hibel uata nesrep 05 rasebes lekirtnev naapmomep naknurunem

tapad gnutnaj haruc ,ini arac nagneD .raseb gnay ajrek nabeb naadaek malad ajrekeb

.lon ripmah uata lon hadneres iapmas naknurutid 4

:3 amekS atakgninep kefE sativitka nanurunep nad sitapmisarap sativitka n

.harad nanaket nad gnutnaj adap sitapmis 5

3.1.B haraD hulubmeP adap sitapmisaraP nagnasgnareP

haread aparebeb id iapmujid aynah sitapmisarap tubareS tubareS .hubut adap

nad ,lanitsetniortsag rajnelek nad ruil ria rajnelek ifarasrepmem sitapmisarap

noilgnagtsop tubareS .anretske ailatineg id litkere nagro adap isatalidosav huragnepreb

.isatalidosav nakbabeynem gnay niloklitesa naksapelem sitapmisasap 7

4.1.B gnutnaJ adap sitapmiS nagnasgnareP

tareS - iulalem silanips aludem naklaggninem sitapmis rotomosav faras tares

tareS .audek nad amatrep labmul nad skarot lanips faras aumes - ek kusam ini tares

d iulalem isalukris ek naidumek nad sitapmis iatnar malad faras iulalem )1( ;nalaj au

nad lanretni aresiv irad rutaluksav isavrenignem amaturet gnay ,kifiseps sitapmis

haread rutaluksav isavrenignem amaturet gnay silanips suvren iulalem )2( atres gnutnaj

nar nakbabeynem loiretra nad licek iretra isavrenI .refirep sitapmis nagnasg

gnay harad narila natapecek naknurunem naikimed nagned nad nanahat naktakgninem

igab naknikgnumem ,anev amaturet ,raseb hulubmep isavrenI .nagniraj iulalem

naikimed nagned nad ini hulubmep emulov naknurunem kutnu sitapmis nagnasgnar

bugnem .refirep isalukris metsis emulov ha

narepreb naikimed nagned nad gnutnaj malad ek harad nakhadnimem tapad ini laH

.raluksavoidrak isgnuf narutagnep malad gnitnep

gnutnaj tuyned isneukef naktakgninem tapad tauk gnay sitapmis nagnasgnareP

wed aisunam adap ilak 052 ,idajret gnaraj nupualaw ,nad 002 idajnem 081 irad asa

sitapmis nagnasgnarep ,aguJ .adum asawed gnaro adap tinem rep natuyned

naktakgninem naka uti anerak helo ,gnutnaj toto iskartnok nataukek naktakgninem

aktakgninem nad apmopid gnay harad emulov nagnasgnarep ,idaJ .iskeje nanaket n

tapil ilak agit iapmas aud kaynabes gnutnaj haruc naktakgninem tapad gnires sitapmis

knarF emsinakem helo nakbabesid nikgnum gnay naharuc natakgninep niales - .gnilratS

knarF emsinakem ,takgnis araceS - traid tapad gnilratS raseb nikames :tukireb iagabes naki

nad iskartnok nataukek raseb nikames ,naisignep amales nakgnagerid gnutnaj toto

.atroa malad ek apmopid gnay harad halmuj alup raseb nikames

kutnu nakanugid tapad sitapmis faras metsis natabmahgnep ,aynkilabeS

aknurunem adaP :tukireb iagabes arac nagned taredom idajnem gnutnaj apmop n

tares ,lamron naadaek - suret araces gnutnaj ek sitapmis faras tares - naksapelem surenem

arik naapmomep naknahatrepmem kutnu hadner natapecek nagned laynis - 03 arik

pnat alib iggnit hibel nesrep sativitka alib ,uti anerak helO .sitapmis nagnasgnarep a

naknurunem naka ini naadaek ,lamron hawab id iapmas naketid sitapmis faras metsis

naknurunem naka aggnihes ,lekirtnev iskartnok nataukek nad gnutnaj tuyned isneukerf

iapmas gnutnaj naapmomep takgnit .lamron hawab id nesrep 03 rasebes 4

:4 amekS .harad nanaket nad gnutnaj adap sitapmis sativitka natakgninep kefE 5

5.1.B haraD hulubmeP adap sitapmiS nagnasgnareP

kaynabret ,hubut harad hulubmep adap saul rabesret sitapmis tubareS

,kato harad hulubmep nad renorok id gnaraj fitaler ipatet ,tiluk nad lajnig id nakumetid

nagned natakireb gnay nirfeniperon naksapelem ini tubareS .atnesalp id ada kadit nad

sitapmis tubareS .harad hulubmep solop toto les narbmem id rotpesonerda

akbabeynem ,kato id ipatet ,harad hulubmep raseb naigabes adap iskirtsnokosav n

.isatalidosav nakbabeynem akgnar toto nad ,gnutnaj 7

:5 amekS .harad nanaket nad iretra adap sitapmis sativitka nanurunep kefE 5

:6 amekS .harad nanaket nad iretra adap sitapmis sativitka natakgninep kefE 5

2.2 gnajnaP akgnaJ nad hagneneM akgnaJ haraD nanakeT narutagneP emsinakeM

malad tapec iskaereb gnay lanoruen emsinakem irad pakgnelep iagabeS

nakiladnegnem nad hagnenem akgnaj iladnek ,gnutnaj haruc nad refirep isnetsiser

sisatsoemoh arahilemem kutnu naujutreb laromuh metsis iulalem gnajnap akgnaj

utkaw alaks malad isareporeb ini iladnek metsis ,utnetret naadaek adaP .isalukris

majreb - irahreb aggnih maj - ,irah skelfer nagned nakgnidnabid tabmal hibel huaj

harad nagnalihek taas ,hotnoc iagabeS .tasup faras nanusus helo retimsnartoruen

naka ,harad gnutnakes nakronodnem uata ,naakalecek ,naharadrep nakbabesid

megnem kutnu sesorp ucimem nad harad nanaket naknurunem harad emulov nakilab

amaturet iapacid harad nanaket narutagnep tubesret naadaek adaP .lamron ilabmek

iulalem hubut nariac nagnabmiesek arahilemem ,harad emulov naktakgninem nagned

emulov isasilamron kutnu ria nakusamep isalumitsnem nad lajnig id emsinakem harad

.harad nanaket nad 7,5

6.1.B kinegoiB animA

masa isaliskobraked iulalem kutneb id gnay isnatsbus kusamret kinegoib animA

nirfenipe nad ,nirfeniperon ,nimapod utiay ,nimaloketaK .ayntavired uata onima

malad narepreb gnay kinegoib anima kusamret nimaloketaK .harad nanaket isaluger

nasapelep tawel ,tasup faras metsis rulaj aparebeb malad retimsnartoruen nakapurem

sitapmis faras gnuju adap uata )nirfenipe amaturet( lanerda aludem irad ini nomroh

lad gnusgnal ajrek tawel uata ,)nirfeniperon amaturet( ini nomroh anam id lajnig ma

.niner iskudorp nad harad narila ihuragnepmem 8

malad id iggnit gnay nimapod radaK .nirfenipe kutnu rosrukerp halada nimapoD

rotpeser nakfitkagnem kutnu nakhutubid mures nakbabeynem nad harad hulubmep

feniperoN .iskirtsnokosav erp ,lanerda aludem malad asetnis id nir - ,kitapmis noilgnag

les nad ,kato - kitpanis lekisev malad id nakumetid kaynab gnilap numan ,lanips faras les

acsap monoto faras - nagro adap noilgnag - itrepes ,sitapmis isavreni naka ayak gnay nagro

avilas rajnelek ,kato .toto nad ,lajnig ,apmil ,itah ,harad hulubmep solop toto ,

rotpeser isalumitsnem nirfeniperoN 1- toto ,gnutnaj id katelret( kigrenerda - ,relipap toto

rotpeser nad )solop toto nad 1- ek muislak nakusamep naktakgninem gnay kigrenerda

les malad - es ,tegrat les nad gnutnaj tuyned nad iskartnok naktakgninem aggnih

rotpeser isalumitsnem nirfenipE .harad nanaket naktakgninem ayntabika 1 nad 1-

isalumitsnem aguj ipatet ,nirfeniperon itrepes amas gnay kefe nagned kigrenerda

rotpeser 2- toto malad tapadret( kigrenerda )lanerda aludem nad ,itah ,gnutnaj ,akgnar

aynkefe ,kimetsis rotalidosav halnakub nirfenipe numaN .isatalidosav rihka kefe nagned

naklubmitid gnay kefe nagned nakgnidnabid hamel hibel reluksavoidrak padahret

.nirfeniperon 7,3

tores ,aynnial kinegoib animA gnay ajrek kefe iaynupmem ,nimatsih nad nino

malad negodne nenopmok nakapurem nialeS .harad hulubmep solop toto adap tauk

5 uata ninotoreS .mala id tapadret aguj nimatsih nad ninotores ,aisunam hubut -

dit numan ,tauk rotkirtsnokosav halada nimatpirtiskordih malad gnusgnal tabilret ka

nanaket rutagnem tuki gnusgnal kadit araces ninotoreS .harad nanaket padahret lortnok

,nimatsiH .tasup faras metsis malad id retimsnartoruen iagabes aynnarep iulalem harad

ap iapmujid nad niditsih isaliskobraked iulalem kutneb id id kusamret ,nagniraj kaynab ad

,relipak satilibaemrep natakgninep nad isatalidosav nakbabeynem nimatsiH .faras gnuju

nanaket padahret lortnok malad narepreb nimatsih awhab itkub ada muleb ipatet

.harad 8

:7 amekS .harad nanaket nad lanerda rajnelek adap sitapmis sativitka natakgninep kefE 5

7.1.B nineR

nasapelep sisilatakgnem gnay mizne nakapurem ,masa esaetorp halada nineR

etoigna lanimret onima gnuju irad I nisnetoigna aditpepaked kitilordih .negonisn

atames isgnufreb I nisnetoignA - id nineR .II nisnetoigna irad rosrukerp iagabes atam

les malad napmis - harad hulubmep malad ek naksapelid nad lajnig raluremolgatskuj les

kutnu utnabmem gnay sigoloisif sulumits iagabreb padahret snopser iagabes

gnem niner metsis nakgnubag - malad skelpmok gnay sesorp idajnem nisnetoigna

08 amal gnilap hurap utkaw iaynupmem fitka gnay nineR .isalukris sisatsoemoh

helo utnab id nineR .isalukris malad id tinem nisnetoigna - gnitrevnoc - emyzne )ECA(

.II nisnetoigna kutnebmem

8.1.B negonisnetoignA

iskarf malad iapmujid isalukris id ,niner tartsbus aguj tubesid negonisnetoignA

2- %31 ratikes gnudnagnem ,itah malad asetnisid negonisnetoignA .amsalp nilubolg

354 irad kutneb id nad tardihobrak malad negonisnetoigna radaK .onima masa udiser

nad ,nikotis aparebeb ,negortse ,diorit nomroh ,diokitrokokulg helo takgninem isalukris

.II nisnetoigna 2

9.1.B nisnetoignA - emyznE gnitrevnoC )ECA(

nisnetoignA - emyznE gnitrevnoC liditpepid halada gnay esaditpepiskobrak

liditsih igabmem - .aditpepatko II nisnetoigna kutnebmem ,fitkani I nisnetoigna irad nisuel

les malad halada isalukris id ini mizne isakoL - isrevnok raseb naigabeS .letodne les

taas idajret ECA helo II nisnetoigna idajnem I nisnetoigna urap itawelem harad - laH .urap

idajret anam id sigetarts isakol iagabes ,urap letodne aynsaul nakbabesid nikgnum ini

anerak gnitnep gnilap gnay nikgnum nad ,anev harad irad gnutnaj haruc naamirenep

skartske apnat urap isalukris itawelem tapad II nisnetoigna .i 8,2

01.1.B II nisnetoignA

toto ,lanerda rajnelek id ajrekeb gnay aditpep nomroh halada II nisnetoignA

adap isakolreb II nisnetoigna kutnu rotpeseR .lajnig nad ,harad hulubmep solop

les irad amsalp narbmem - nagniraj adap tegrat les - .tubesret nagniraj II nisnetoignA

1 ratikes isalukris malad aynhurap utkaw ,emsilobatemid tapec tagnas - nomroH .tinem 2

masa udiser nakraulegnem aditpeponimA .aditpep iagabreb helo emsilobatemid ini

sid gnay aditepatpeh naklisahgnem ,ini aditpep lanimret onima irad tatrapsa tube

III nisnetoigna irad audek gnay lanimret onima udiser nalibmagneP .III nisnetoigna

aditpep aynasaiB .VI nisnetoigna tubesid gnay aditpepaskeh naklisahgnem - aditpep

.II nisnetoigna nagned nakgnidnabid fitka gnaruk/kadit ini kutnebret gnay 8,2

toignA naklisahgnem ,ninotoigna uata nisnetrepih aguj tubesid gnay II nisne

les malad iD .kilotsaid nupuam kilotsis harad nanaket natakgninep nad iretra iskirtsnok

rotpeser nagned natakireb II nisnetoigna ,harad hulubmep solop toto G- nietorp - delpuoc

TA A1 , aC naktakgninem ,C esapilofsof nakfitkagnem +2 .iskartnok nakbabeynem nad

hibel ilak napaled aggnih tapme ,tauk rotkirtsnokosav utas halas nakapurem ini nomroH

II nisnetoigna amsalp radak numan ,lamron udividni adap nirfeniperon adapirad fitka

u pukuc kadit II nisnetoigna aynkilabeS .kimetsis iskirtsnokosav nakbabeynem kutn

naadaek nad agarhalo ,harad nagnalihek idajret alib reluksavodrak malad narepreb

.lajnig ek harad narila ignarugnem gnay apures 7,2

et narutagnep padahret II nisnetoigna irad gnitnep kefE :nial aratna harad nanak 7

- gnutnaj satilitkartnok naktakgnineM

- aN isprosbaer naktakgninem naikimed nagned ,lajnig ek amsalp narila ignarugneM +

lajnig id

- noretsodla naksapelem lanerda sketrok gnasgnarem III nisnetoigna amasreB

- imem nad suah asar isalumitsneM ninigra utiay nial rotkirtsnokosav nasapelep uc

)PVA( niserposav

- acsap irad nirfeniperon nasapelep isatilisafmeM - .kitapmis faras noilgnag

ISNETREPIH

C ISINIFED .

snetrepiH i nanaket anamid netsisrep harad nanaket iagabes nakisinifedid

said nanaket nad gHmm 041 sataid aynkilotsis (.gHmm 09 sataid aynkilot

&htimS ) 5991,moT

tikaynep ,OHW turuneM snetrepiH i kilotsis nanaket natakgninep nakapurem

uata amas cilotsaid nanaket uata nad gHmm 061 nagned amas uata raseb hibel

.) 3002 ,nirsaN midoK ( gHmm 59 raseb hibel

isnetrepiH gHmm 041 irad hibelem kilotsis nanaket patenem naadaek halada

cilotsaid nanaket uata nakitsapid tapad ini citsongaiD .gHmm 09 irad iggnit hibel

atar rukugnem nagned - ,IUKF( hasipret gnay utkaw 2 adap harad nanaket atar

)354 : 1002

turuneM dna noitaulavE ,noitceteD ,noitneverP fo eetimmoC lanoitaN tnioJ ehT

erusserP doolB ehT fo tnemtaerT 2( nakatakid )400 H isnetrepi harad nanaket akij

natakgninep uata gHmm 041 nagned amas uata raseb hibel gnay kilotsis

.gHmm 09 nagned amas uata raseb hibel gnay kilotsaid harad nanaket

snetrepiH nanaket anamid netsisrep harad nanaket iagabes nakisinifedid i

is .gHmm 09 sataid cilotsaid nad gHmm 041 kilots

aisnaL isalupop adaP 061 kilotsis nanaket iagabes nakisinifedid isnetrepiH ,

) 3002 ,eraB&reztlemS ( gHmm 09 cilotsaid nanaket nad gHmm

aklupmisid tapaD n awhab snetrepiH nanaket akij naadaek utaus : halada i kilotsis

≥ kilotsaid nanaket nad gHmm 041 09 ≥ gHmm nanaket nagned aisnaL adap nakgnades ,

kilotsis .gHmm 09 ≥ cilotsaid nanaket nad gHmm 061≥

gHmm 08/gHmm 021 gnaroeses lamron harad nanaket aynmumU

D IGOLOITE .

ynbabeynep / igoloite nakrasadreb isnetrepiH : 2 idajnem igabid a

1 laisnesE uata remirP isnetrepiH .

kitapoidi uata laisnese isnetrepih aguj tubesid gnay uata remirp isnetrepiH

gnilaP .)1002 ,eiknahS( aynbabeynep/aynigoloite iuhatekid kadit gnay isnetrepih halada

ih tikaynep aumes irad %09 tikides nad neesaS( remirp isnetrepih nakamanid isnetrep

.)5002 ,retraC

remirp isnetrepih igoloisifotaP

: itupilem remirp isnetrepih sisenégotap iroet aparebeB

- kitapmis faras metsis irad nahibelreb gnay sativitkA

- AAR metsis irad nahibelreb gnay sativitkA

- lajnig helo ria nad aN isneteR

- nad lajnig adap les gnidnid itawelem K nad aN tropsnart adap lanomroh isibihnI

harad hulubmep

babeS - numaN .iuhatekid muleb hisam laisnese isnetrepih irasadnem gnay babes

et nalamronkaditek helo nakbabesid raseb naigabes akerem inkaY .iretra adap utnetr

adap )satisitsale nagnarukek uata naukakek( iggnit nikames gnay isnetsiser ikilimem

iretra - lah ,)seloiretra uata larefirep iretra( gnutnaj irad huaj gnilap gnay licek gnay iretra

rotkaf nagned natiakreb ilakgnires ini - otkaf napusa ,agarhalo gnaruk ,satisebo ,kiteneg r

.)7002 ,rendraG( lld ,aisu aynhabmatreb ,hibelreb marag

2 . rednukes isnetrepiH

tikaynep irad rednukes nakapurem isnetrepih atirednep %01 irad gnaruK

tabo uata dibromok - m tapad gnay utnetret tabo naktakgnine harad nanaket adaP .

akaynabek tabika laner isgnufsid ,susak n tikaynep lajnig sinork uata tikaynep

tabO .gnires gnilap gnay rednukes babeynep halada raluksavoner - kiab ,utnetret tabo

uata isnetrepih nakbabeynem tapad ,kadit nupuata gnusgnal araces epmem tarebr

et nakkianem nagned isnetrepih .harad nanak tapad rednukes babeynep alibapA

nagned akam ,isakifitnediid uata natukgnasreb gnay tabo nakitnehgnem

isidnok iskerognem/itabognem gnay dibromok pahat nakapurem hadus ayniatreynem

nanagnanep malad amatrep ih .rednukes isnetrep

T tabO .1 leba - isakifitnediid tapad gnay isnetrepih babeyneP natabO

BK liP dioretS

nolaskonebraK ,sirokiL tareb magoL

uata raseb halmuj malad amaturet( uakabmeT

)niefak nagned

,nimarit habmatid OAM tabmahgneP

nidatnama uata ,noripsub ,lerdanaug

kitemimotapmiS kilkisirt tnasserpeditnA

%5 ,aynmulebes naktubesid itrepeS - gnaro irad %01 - isnetrepih nagned gnaro

adap isnetrepih awhab itrareb inI .rednukes isnetrepih tubesid gnay apa iaynupmem

udividni - o nakbabesid( adap rednukes halada ini udividni irad kifiseps nanialek utaus )hel

iretra uata ,lanerda rajnelek ,lajnig itrepes ,harad hulubmep uata utnetret nagro utaus

.atroa

)noisnetrepyh yendik/laneR( lajniG isnetrepiH

tikayneP - irad epiT .rednukes isnetrepih nakbabeynem tapad lajnig tikaynep

repih utaus helo nakbabesid anerak laner/lajnig isnetrepih tubesid ini rednukes isnet

halada lajnig isnetrepih irad gnitnep babeynep utaS .lajnig maladid nalaosrep

lajnig ek harad ialpusnem gnay iretra )sisonets( natipmeynep - laner/lajnig iretra( lajnig

.)yretra udividni adaP - natipmeynep ,atinaw amaturet ,adum hibel gnay udividni

iretra gnidnid toto nalabenep utaus helo nakbabesid - lajnig ek ujunem gnay iretra

udividni adaP .)aisalprepyh ralucsumorbif( - natipmeynep ,aut hibel gnay udividni

lp helo nakbabesid aynmumu ka - gnay )citorelcsorehta( kamel gnudnagnem kalp

.lajnig iretra ignalahgnem gnay saregnem

,amatreP ? isnetrepih nakbabeynem lajnig iretra natipmeynep anamiagaB

gnay lajnig ek harad isalukris uggnaggnem/kasurem lajnig iretra natipmeynep

heK .aynihuragnepid iskudorpmem kutnu lajnig isalumitsnem naidumek ini harad nagnali

nomroh - nomroH .nisnetoigna nad niner ,nomroh - amasreb ,ini nomroh - nagned amas

naktakgninem nad natipmeynep utaus nakbabeynem ,lanerda rajnelek irad enoretsodla

iretra adap )netsiser( naukakek - gnay ,hubut hurules )seiretra larehpirep( gnililekes iretra

.)iggnit harad nanaket( isnetrepih adap tabikareb

romuT - )sromut dnalg lanerdA( lanerdA rajneleK romuT

romut irad gnaraj epit auD - babeynep halada lanerda rajnelek romut - babeynep

rajneleK .mumu kadit hibel gnay rednukes isnetrepih - tapet katelret lanerda rajnelek

lajnig sataid - romut audeK .lajnig - nomroh halmuj naklisahgnem ini romut - nomroh

belreb gnay lanerda romuT .iggnit harad nanaket nakbabeynem gnay nahi - ini romut

set irad esongaidid tapad - set ,harad set - iduts nad ,)stset eniru( ines ria set - rabmag iduts

DIASN lohoklA

lortseblyteid uata isagujnokret negortsE isaniroulfret relahni uata lakipot dioretS

niropsolkiS nizamorprolK

niteoportirE opeD - noretsegorpiskordem

rajnelek irad )seiduts gnigami( - kutnu nakulrepid ilakgnires isarepO .lanerda rajnelek

omut nakgnalihgnem r- aynmumu gnay ,)ymotcelanerda( lanerda rajnelek uata ini romut

.isnetrepih naksabebmem

epit irad utas halaS - romut epit - tubesid gnay isidnok utaus nakbabeynem lanerda romut

uti romut anerak )msinoretsodlarepyh yramirp( amatu emsinoretsodlarepih

klisahgnem adap nahabmat iagabeS .nahibelreb gnay noretsedla nomroh halmuj na

hubut irad muissatop nahibelreb halmuj nagnalihek nakbabeynem ini isidnok ,isnetrepih

maladid hadner gnay muissatop takgnit utaus adap tabikareb gnay ,ines ria maladek

.harad

ut nial epiT tubesid rednukes isnetrepih nakbabeynem tapad gnay lanerda rom

gnay senimalohcetac naklisahgnem ini romuT .amotycomorhcoehp utaus iagabes

nomroh aparebeb kusamret anam gnay ,nahibelreb - nagned nagnubuhreb gnay nomroh

enilanerda( nilanerda - .)senomroh detaler iagirucid amotycomorhcoehp utaus esongaiD

udividni adap - edosipe iaynupmem gnay udividni - nad kadadnem gnay isnetrepih edosipe

tuyned ,)niks eht fo gnihsulf( tiluk nasapulegnep nagned nagnubuhreb gnay gnalureb

tagnirek nad ,)snoitatiplap( tapec gnay gnutnaj alajeg adap nahabmat iagabes ,na - alajeg

.isnetrepih nagned nagnubuhreb gnay

)atroa eht fo noitatcraoC( atroA isatkraoK

gnay nasiraw nanialek utaus halada )atroa eht fo noitatcraoC( atroa isatkraoK

babeynep irad utas halada gnay gnaraj - mu gnilap babeynep adap isnetrepih irad mu

kana - nemges utaus adap natipmeynep utaus helo nakkitsiretkarakid ini isidnoK .kana

adapek harad nakirebmem atroA .gnutnaj irad raulek gnay amatu raseb iretra ,atroa irad

iretra - nagro hurules ialpusnem gnay iretra - samret ,hubut nagro lajnig ku - .lajnig

iretra sataid idajret aynmumu atroa irad )noitatcraoc( tipmes gnay nemgeS -

lajnig ek gnarukreb gnay harad narila utaus nakbabeynem gnay ,lajnig iretra - .lajnig

lajnig ek harad nagnarukeK - niner nomroh mitsis gnorodnem ini lajnig - isnetoigna n-

halada aynmumu isatkraok natawareP .harad nanaket naktakgninem enoretsodla

noollab ,alakgnadaK .atroa natipmeynep nemges padahret isarepo araces nalutebmep

eht fo noitatcraoc( atroa isatkraok nakrabelem kutnu nakanugid tapad ytsalpoigna

.)atroa

mordniS )ytisebo dna emordnys cilobatem ehT( satisebO nad emsilobateM

rotkaF - naumenep irad nalupmuk malad narep utaus nakniamem kiteneg rotkaf -

udividnI .)"emordnys cilobatem"( "emsilobatem mordnis" taubmem gnay naumenep -

ynupmem emsilobatem mordnis nagned udividni isnednet utaus nad nilusni isnetsiser ia

setebaid( 2 epit sutillem setebaid tapadnem kutnu - .)nilusni gnutnagret kadit setebaid

natilil naruku natakgninep utaus nagned nagnubuhreb gnay amaturet ,nakkumegeK

d alug adap surujnem ,atayn gnay )lanimodba( turep kamel ,)aimecylgrepyh( iggnit hara

nanialek( lailehtodne isgnuf nauggnag ,reluksav nagnadarep , takgninem gnay harad

hulubmep nafitkaerek - adap surujnem aynaumes isnetrepih nad ,)harad hulubmep

gek )habaw( imedipE .rutamerp ralucsav citorelcsorehta tikaynep id )satisebo( nakkume

kana adap ini nanialek adap )isubirtnok( gnokoynem akiremA - kana , kana - ,ajamer kana

gnaro nad - .asawed gnaro

T tikayneP .2 leba - aynkitsongaiD naaskiremeP nad isnetrepiH babeyneP tikayneP

isnetrepiH babeyneP asongaiD kitsongaiD seT

sinork lajnig tikayneP ( RFG isamitsE raluremolG

etaR noitartliF

noitatcraoC atroa ( TC yhpargomoT detupmoC )

yhpargoigna

emordnyS s’ gnihsuC aynlasim( diokitrokokulg natakgninep nad

)sinork diorets iparet adap

;tikaynep tayawiR

tset noisserpus enosahtemaxeD

tabo tiakret/iskudnI gninirks ;natabognep tayawiR

tabo

amotycomorhcoeahP nad enirhpenatem nagnudnaK

42 malad niru enirhpenatemron

maj

diokitroklarenim natakgninep nad remirp emsinoretsodlA

aynnial

malad niru noretsodla takgniT

narukugnep uata maj 42

diokitroklarenim kifiseps

aynnial

raluksavoner isnetrepiH yduts eolf relppoD ; citengam

yhpargoigna ecnanoser

rudit nauggnaG yduts peelS O nagned 2

hunej

yneP a dioritarap/dioriT tik ( HST dioryhT gnitalumitS

enomroH HTP mures ;)

( enomroh dioryhtarap

E IGOLOIMEDIPE .

atirednem )awij atuj 05 ( aynkududnep %03 nakarikrepid ,akiremA iD nanaket

( iggnit harad natahesek ayaib esatnesrep nagned ;)gHmm 09/041 ≥ paites raseb pukuc

turuneM 3.aynnuhat noitanimaxE noitirtuN dna htlaeH lanoitaN ,)SENHN( yevruS nedisni

9991 nuhat akiremA id asawed gnaro adap isnetrepih - 92 ratikes halada 0002 - gnay ,%13

85 tapadret awhab itrareb - gnaro atuj 56 natakgninep idajret nad ,isnetrepih atirednem

HN atad irad atuj 51 nuhat III SEN 8891 - .1991

iraD .isnetrepih isnelaverp kutnu pakgnel lanoisan atad ada muleb ,aisenodnI iD

halada aisenodnI id isnetrepih isnelaverp ,5991 )TRKS( aggnaT hamuR nataheseK ievruS

raluksavoidrak tikaynep okisir rotkaf ievrus irad nakgnadeS .%3,8 keyorp helo )VKP(

harad nanaket nagned isnetrepih isnelaverp akgna nakkujnunem ,atrakaJ id OHW

gnisam 09/061 - aynisnelaverp akgna atinaw adap nad %1,21 halada airp adap gnisam

05 irad hibel aisu adap isnetrepih isnelaverp ,mumu araceS .0002 nuhat adap %2,21

%51 aratna rasikreb nuhat - .)di.og.seknid.www( %02

utas aynah isakidem tapadnem gnay atirednep iraD - tegrat iapacnem agitrep

iduts adap ,numan lanoisan atad ada muleb aisenodnI iD .lamron/lamitpo gnay harad

IUKF nad atrakaJ naatokrep haread id 0002 ACINOM 0002 - naasedep odil haread id 3002

)IIV CNJ nakrasadreb( II tajared isnetrepih susak naktahilrepmem kurejic natamacek

.%3.31 utiay natabognep inalajnem gnay licek naigabes aynah anamiD .%9,02 rasebes

ep inalajnem gnay ilakes tikides hisam aisenodni id idaJ natabogn

.)di.ro.traehani.di.www(

kusamret,iggnit harad nanaket imalagnem akiremA taykar atuj 06 irad hibeL

47 aggnih 46 aisureb gnay akiremA takaraysam hurules irad )%3,45( hurapes irad hibel

emA gnaro hurules irad )%8,27( tapme rep agit ripmah nad nuhat malad akirfA akir

.amas gnay aisu kopmolek

.fitareneged tikaynep utas halas nakapurem iggnit harad nanakeT aynmumU

aynhabmatreb nagned nahalrep araces habmatreb harad nanaket kutnu okisiR .rumu

isalupop adap isnetrepih atirednem aynidat gnay nuhat 55 ≥ aket lamron aynharad nan

.%09 halada nanaket iaynupmem neisap nakaynabeK mulebes isnetrepiherp harad

nad ,isnetrepih nagned sisongaidid akerem adap idajret isnetrepih sisongaid nakaynabek

nad agitek edaked aratnaid rumu .amilek edaked

55 rumu nagned iapmaS ikal ,nuhat - isnetrepih atirednem kaynab hibel ikal

naupmerep kaynab hibel tikides ,nuhat 47 d/s 55 rumu iraD .naupmerep gnidnabid

ikal gnidnabid - rumu( aisnal isalupop adaP .isnetrepih atirednem gnay ikal 06 ≥ ,)nuhat

56 rasebes isnetrepih kutnu isnelaverp .% 4.

F OKISER ROTKAF .

rotkaf mumu araceS - :nial aratna tubesret rotkaf

)agraulek tayawiR( akiteneG rotcaF )1

utaus malad nurunem tafisreb gnay isidnok utaus nakapurem isnetrepiH

raseb hibel ilak aud nanikgnumek ikilimem isnetrepih aut gnaro nagned kanA .agraulek

aynharad nanaket gnay aut gnaro nagned kana adapirad isnetrepih atirednem kutnu

ralC nad ramuK( lamron .)4002 ,k

saR )2

gnarO - araces isnetrepih imalagnem tarab takaraysam id pudih gnay orfa gnaro

nakbabesid nanikgnumek ini laH .hitup tilukreb gnaro adapirad iggnit hibel gnay atarem

.)2002 ,sreveeB( adebreb araces marag halognem akerem hubut anerak

isU )3 a

adap aynsusuhK ,aisu nagned natiakreb idajret mumu hibel isnetrepiH

gnurednec esuaponemerp atinaW .marag ismusnokgnem kaynab gnay takaraysam

nupiksem ,amas gnay aisu adap airp adapirad iggnit hibel gnay harad nanaket ikilimem

k sinej aratnaid naadebrep ,aynbabeyneP .nuhat 05 aisu haletes kapmat gnaruk nimale

nomroh helo gnutnaj tikaynep irad ignudnilret fitaler atinaw ,esuaponem mulebes

airp iamaynem ialum atinaw nad esuaponem haletes nurunem negortse radaK .negortse

,sreveeB( gnutnaj tikaynep lah malad .)2002

nimalek sineJ )4

adapirad isnetrepih atirednem nanikgnumek imalagnem kaynab hibel airP

rotkaf helo ihuragnepid alup tapad ini nimalek sinej nakrasadreb isnetrepiH .atinaw

,kokorem( tahes kadit ukalirep helo ucipid ilakgnires airp adaP .sigolokisp nahibelek

hibel atinaw adap nakgnadeS naajrekep sutats aynhadner nad iserped ,)nadab tareb

nad ayajiwiraH( tauk sikisp rotkaf ihuragnepmem gnay naajrekep nagned nagnubuhreb

.)7002 ,otnatuS

sikisp ssertS )5

p ,sitapmis faras sativitka naktakgninem ssertS ihuragnepmem ini natakgnine

tapad nagnajnapekreb sserts alibapA .pahatreb araces harad nanaket ayntakgninem

sserts gnaroeses alibapa sigoloisif araceS .iggnit patet idajnem harad nanaket tabikareb

odne rejnelek sulumitsnem naka kato yratiutip rejnelek akam naklisahagnem kutnu nirk

.hubut sisatsoemoh naigab iagabes harad malad ek nositrokordih nad nilanerda nomroh

,KJP halada sserts anerak naitamek amatu babeynep mane nakumenem SA id naitileneP

urap ,reknak - aH( irid hunub nad itah nasaregnep ,nakalecek ,urap ,otnatuS nad ayajiwir

.)7002

satisebO )6

kutnu gnutnaj adap ajrek natakgninep idajret satisebo gnay gnaro adaP

tareB .tubesret hubut irad hibelreb nabeb nakareggnem tapad raga harad apmomem

nad harad emulov aynhabmatreb nakbabeynem nahibelreb gnay nadab nasaulrep

5,1/7,0 gnaruk hibel nurut tapad DT ,nakgnalihid artske tobob aliB .isalukris metsis

nadab tareb iskudereM .)3002 ,anariK nad naT( nadab tareb nanurunep gk paites gHmm

5 aggnih - ces raluksavoidrak okiser naknurunem tapad hubut latot tobob irad %01 ara

.)5002 ,retraC nad neesaS( nakifingis

aN marag napusA )7

nad habmatreb harad emulov aggnihes ,ria isneter naktabikagnem muirtan noI

iskirtsnokosav kefe taukrepmem aguJ .takgninem hulubmep nahat ayad nakbabeynem

aynret ,akitsitats araceS .nilanerdaron gnay kududnep kopmolek adap awhab at

gnaro adapirad isnetrepih kaynab hibel tapadret marag kaynab ulalret ismusnokgnem -

.)3002 ,anariK nad naT( marag tikides aynah nakamem gnay gnaro

kokoR )8

ini laH .takgninem harad nanaket babeynep halada uakabmet malad nitokiN

urap malad licek gnay harad hulubmep helo paresret nitokin anerak - nad urap

kutnu nitokin igab kited 01 utkaw nakhutubid aynaH .harad narila hurulesek nakrabesid

eb katO .kato ek iapmas adapek laynis nakirebmem nagned nitokin padahret iskaer

ini tauk tagnas gnay nomroH .)nilanerda( enirhpenife naksapelem kutnu lanerda rejnelek

hibel apmomem kutnu gnutnaj askamem aggnihes ,harad hulubmep naktipmeynem

iggnit hibel gnay nanaket hawabid sarek .)7002 ,rendraG(

lohokla ismusnoK )9

nahurulesek araces nad ,harad nanaket padahret huragnep ikilimem lohoklA

gnaro adap ipaT .harad nanaket iggnit nikames munim id gnay lohokla kaynab nikames

gnay harad nanaket ikilimem sarek namunim munimem kadit gnay iggnit hibel kaga

.)2002 ,sreveeB( tikides gnay halmuj nagned munimem gnay adapirad

M okiseR rotkaF roya :raluksavoidraK tikayneP

isnetrepiH

kokoreM

IMB( satisebO ≥ )03

satilibommI

aimedipilsiD

sutillem setebaiD

06<RFG naarikrep uata airunimublaorkiM nim/lm

ikal kutnu nuhat 55>( rumU - )naupmerep kutnu nuhat 56> ,ikal

ikal( rutamerp raluksavoidrak tikaynep kutnu agraulek tayawiR - 55 < ikal

)nuhat 56 < naupmerep uata nuhat

G ISAKIFISALK .

,4002 nuhat adaP ,noitceteD ,noitneverP fo eetimmoC lanoitaN tnioJ ehT

erusserP doolB ehT fo tnemtaerT dna noitaulavE CNJ( - urab nasatab nakraulegnem )7

okisir kutnu lamitpo satab halada gHmm 08/021< ,harad nanaket isakifisalk kutnu

.raluksavoidrak tikaynep

ada aynmaladiD erp utiay harad nanaket isakifisalk malad urab salek - .isnetrepih

erp urab saleK - nakanugid aynah ipat tikaynep iagabes nakgnologid kadit isnetrepih

okiser ikilimem ini salek malad kusam gnay gnaroeses awhab nakisakidnignem kutnu

etrepih anekret kutnu iggnit naikimed nagned ekorts nad renorok gnutnaj tikaynep ,isn

kadit aggnih ,lawa hibel ini isidnok isapisitnagnem tapad atirednep nupuam retkod kiab

kadit isnetrepiherp nagned udividnI .harap hibel gnay isidnok idajnem gnabmekreb

jnaid ipat ,isakidem nakulremem gnay tahes pudih isakifidom nakukalem kutnu nakru

halada tahes pudih alop isakifidoM .aynharad nanaket natakgninep hagecnem gnitnep

kokorem itnehreb ,marag napusa ignarugnem ,agarhalo ,teid ,nadab tareb nanurunep

a.te nainabohC( lohokla munim isatabmem nad .)4002 ,l

TURUNEM ISNETREPIH ISAKIFISALK 7 EETTIMMOC LANOITAN TNIOJ

OHW TURUNEM ISNETREPIH ISAKIFISALK

irogetaK )gHmm( lotsiS )gHmm( lotsaiD lamitpO 021 < 08 < lamroN 031 < 58 <

isnetrepih( 1 takgniT)nagnir

041 - 951 09 - 99

nasatabrep : purg buS 041 - 941 09 - 49 isnetrepih( 2 takgniT

)gnades 061 - 971 001 - 901

isnetrepih( 3 takgniT)tareb

081 ≥ 011 ≥

isalosiret lotsis isnetrepiH 041 ≥ 09 < nasatabrep : purg buS 041 - 941 09 <

AISENODNI ISNETREPIH NANUPMIHREP SUSNESNOK LISAH ISNETREPIH ISAKIFISALK

irogetaK )gHmm( lotsiS uata/naD )gHmm( elotsaiD lamroN 021< naD 08<

isnetrepih erP 021 - 931 uatA 08 - 98 1 pahat isnetrepiH 041 - 951 uatA 09 - 99 2 pahat isnetrepiH 061 ≥ uatA 001 ≥ lotsis isnetrepiH

isalosiret 041 ≥ naD 09 <

nalpaK MN nasatab nakirebmem ,)malaD tikayneP umlI kapaB( nagned

ad aisu nakadebmem :tukireb iagabes nimalek sinej n

isnetrepiH isakifisalK 1.2.lebaT ISAKIFISALK

)gHmm ( NANAKET LOTSIS LOTSAID

lamroN gHmm 021 < gHmm 08 < ERP - ISNETREPIH 021 - gHmm 931 08 – gHmm 98

: ISNETREPIH 1 muidatS 041 – gHmm 951 09 – gHmm 99 2 muidatS gHmm 061 > gHmm 001 >

nanaket alibapa isnetrepih nakatakid ,nuhat 54 < aisu ,airP utkaw adap harad

gHmm 09/031 > gnirabreb

bapa isnetrepih nakatakid ,nuhat 54 > aisu ,airP nanaket ali 59/541 > aynharad

gHmm

nakataynid ,gHmm 59/061 > harad nanaket atinaw adaP .isnetrepih

,nial malad tikaynep ilhA smailliW H nodroG nakisakifisalkgnem , isnetrepih

.tukireb iagabes

:kilotsis isneT

lamroN : 041<

041 – iggnit lamroN : 951

951> iridnesret kilotsis isnetrepiH :

: kilotsaid isneT

lamroN : 58<

58 - iggnit lamroN : 98

09 – nagnir isnetrepiH : 401

501 – gnades isnetrepiH : 411

tareb isnetrepiH : 511>

aN htlaeH fo etutitsnI lanoit id lanoisan natahesek agabmel , akiremA

nem :tukireb iagabes nakisakifisalkg

:kilotsiS nanakeT

gHmm 911 < lamroN :

021 – gHmm 931 isnetrepiH arP :

041 – gHmm 951 1 tajared isnetrepiH :

gHmm 061 2 tajared isnetrepiH :

: kilotsaid nanakeT

gHmm 97 < lamroN :

08 – gHmm 98 isnetrepiH arP :

09 – 99 gHmm 1 tajared isnetrepiH :

gHmm 001 2 tajared isnetrepiH :

) ISNETREPIH SITIRK ( NATAWAGEK NAKRASADREB ISNETREPIH ISAKIFISALK

iagabes nakisinifedid isnetrepih sisirK nay harad nanaket natakgninep isidnok g

nakulremem nad nagro tegret nakasurek macnagnem gnay uata nakasurek iatresid

irtnameoS( nagro tegrat naharapek uata nakasurek hagecnem kutnu areges nanagnanep

.)6002 ,ohorguN nad

na noitaulavE ,noitceteD no ettimoC lanoitaN tnioJ eht fo tropeR htfiF ehT d

erusserP doolB hgiH fo tnemtaerT CNJ( - 2 idajnem ini isnetrepih sisirk igabmem )4002 ,7

.)kasednem( isnegru isnetrepiH nad )tarurad( isnegreme isnetrepiH : utiay nagnolog

utiay ,iggnit gnay harad nanaket ialin iadnatid ini isnetrepih audeK 021/gHmm 081≥

m nad neesaS( isnetrepih adap nagro tegrat nakasurek aynkadit uata ada nad gHm

.)5002 ,retraC

ipat ,DT ayniggnit irad halnakub isnetrepih sisirk nagnolog audek nakadebmeM

atirednep gnaroes adap tagnas gnay DT nakianeK .narasas nagro nakasurek irad

nad tapec araces nakasurek idajret alib isnegreme naadaek utaus iagabes paggnaid

metsis irad fisergorp nad isnegreme isnetrepiH .lajnig nad ,lanidrakoim ,lartnes farays

adebreb aynaudek nagnaluggnanep arac anerak nakadebid ulrep isnegru isnetrepih

.)4002 ,dijaM(

)tarurad( isnegreme isnetrepiH .1

> kilotsaiD DT nagned iadnatiD narasas nagro irad tareb nakasurek iatresid ,gHmm 021

natabognep natabmalreteK .tuka isidnok/tikaynep hibel uata utas helo nakbabesid gay

satab iapmas naknurutid surah DT .naitamek uata eleuqes aynlubmit nakbabeynem naka

aparebeb iapmas utas malad utnetret nagnaur id tawarid ulrep atiredneP .maj evisnetni

tinu erac )4002 ,dijaM( )UCI( uata

2 )kasednem( isnegru isnetrepiH . DT nagned iadnatid kasednem isnetrepiH

nagro irad muminim isakilpmok/nakasurek apnat nagned nad gHmm 021> kilotsaid

d surah DT .narasas nama gnay satab iapmas maj 42 malad pahatreb araces naknuruti

.isnetrepih laro iparet nakulremem

hamur id pani tawar nakulremem kadit isnegru isnetrepih nagned atiredneP

DT nad gnaret kadit ,gnanet gnay nagnaurid naktapmetid atirednep aynkiabeS .tikas

uid akam ,takgninem tagnas hisam patet harad nanaket aliB .tinem 03 malad ilabmek ruk

tabo nakanugid aynmumU .natabognep ialumid tapad - malad isnetrepihitna laro tabo

.)4002 ,dijaM( naksaumem pukuc aynlisah nad ini isnegru isnetrepih ignaluggnem

H ISIFOTAP . IGOLO

harad hulubmep isaskaler nad iskirtsnnok lortnognem gnay emsinakeM

saraj alumreb ini rotomosav tasup iraD .katoid alludem adap ,rotomosav tasupid katelret

anmulok irad raulek nad silanips adrok ek hawab ek tujnalreb gnay ,sitapmis faras

anips alludem rotomosav tasup nagnasgnaR .nemodba nad skarot id sitapmis ailgnag sil

sitapmis faras metsys iulalem hawab ek karegreb gnay slupmi kutneb malad nakratnahid

naka gnay ,niloklitesa naksapelem noilgnagerp noruen ,ini kitit adaP .sitapmis ailgnag ek

gnasgnarem nagned anamid ,harad hulubmep ek noilgnag acsap faras tubares

rotcaf iagabreB .harad hulubmep iskirtsnok naktabikagnem nirpenipeeron aynnaksapelid

harad hulubmep nopserihuragnepmem tapad natukatek nad nasamecek itrepes

nI .iskirtsnokosav gnasgnar padahret padahret evitisnes tagnas isnetrepih nagned udivid

.idajret asib tubesret lah apagnem salej nagned iuhatekid kadit nupiksem ,nirfeniperon

hulubmep gnasgnarem sitapmis faras metsys anamid naamasreb taas adaP

a rajnelek ,isome gnasgnar snopser iagabes harad ,gnasgnaret aguj lanerd

iserkesnem lanerda alludeM .iskirtsnokosav sativitka nahabmat naktabikagnem

nad lositrok iserkesnem lanerda sketroK .iskirtsnokosav nakbabeynem gnay ,nirfenipe

hulubmep rotkirtsnokosav snopser taukrepmem tapad gnay ,aynnial diorets .harad

nasapelep nakbabeynem ,lajnig ek narila nanurunep naktabikagnem gnay iskirtsnokosaV

idajnem habuid naidumek gnay I nisnetoigna nakutnebmep gnasgnarem ninneR .ninner

iserkes gnasgnarem aynnarilig adap gnay ,tauk rotkirtsnokosav utaus ,II nisnetoigna

helo ria nad muirtan isneter nakbabeynem ini nomroH .lanerda sketrok helo noretsodla

ini rotcaf aumeS .reluksav artni emulov natakgninep nakbabeynem ,lajnig sulubut

.isnetrepih naadaek naksutecnem gnurednec

adap lanoisgnuf nad larutcurts nahabureP .ygolotnoreg nagnabmitrep kutnU

gnay harad nanaket nahaburep adap bawajgnuggnatreb refirep hulubmep metsys

satisitsale ayngnalih ,sisorelksoreta itupilem tubesret nahabureP .tujnal aisu adap idajret

ad taki nagniraj adap gnay ,harad hulubmep solop toto isaskaler malad nanurunep n

.harad hulubmep gnager ayad nad isnetsid naupmamek naknurunem aynnarilig

malad aynnaupmamek gnarukreb raseb iretra nad atroa ,aynisneukesnoK

utnaj helo apmopid gnay harad emulov isadomokagnem ,) pucnukes emulov ( gn

& rennurB ( refirep nanahat natakgninep nad gnutnaj gnaruc nanurunep naktabikagnem

.) 2002 ,htradduS

araces isubirtnokreb harad nanaket lortnognem gnay rotkaf kaynaB laisnetop

,isnetrepih aynkutnebret malad rotkaf - tubesret rotkaf :halada

sitapmis sunot( kitapmis faras metsis satifitka ayntakgnineM isairav uata/nad

ayntakgninem nagned nagnubuhreb nikgnum ,)lanruid sserts padahret snopser

lld laisosokisp

nad muirtan nahanem gnay nomroh nahibelreb iskudorP rotkirtsnokosav

napusA nahibelreb )marag( muirtan

muislak nad muilak napusa aynpukuc kadiT

ayntakgninem naktabikagnem aggnihes niner iserkes ayntakgnineM

noretsodla nad II nisnetoigna iskudorp

nad ,)ON( adixo kirtin ,nilkisatsorp itrepes rotalidosav isneisifeD editpep

teruirtan ki

nierkillak metsis iserpske malad nahabureP - gnay ninik sunot ihuragnepmem

lajnig helo marag nanagnanep nad raluksav

adap nauggnag kusamret ,harad hulubmep nanahat satilamronbA hulubmep

lajnig id licek harad

sutillem setebaiD

nilusni isnetsiseR

satisebO

M sativitka ayntakgnine srotcaf htworg ralucsav

,gnutnaj tuyned ihuragnepmem gnay kigrenerda rotpeser nahabureP

raluksav sunot nad ,gnutnaj irad kiportoni kitsiretkarak

les malad noi ropsnart aynhabureB

rotkaF .1 rabmaG - gnay rotkaF haraD nanakeT natakgnineP ihuragnepmeM

ISATSEFINAM .I SINILK

alajeg naklubminem kadit isnetrepih ,atirednep raseb naigabes adaP nupiksem

ayacrepid nad naamasreb idajret alajeg aparebeb ajagnes kadit araces nagnubuhreb

iggnit harad nanaket nagned .)kadit aynhuggnuses lahadap(

,gnisup ,gnudih irad naharadrep ,alapek tikas halada duskamid gnay alajeG hajaw

atirednep adap kiab idajret ajas asib gnay ;nahalelek nad naharemek nupuam ,isnetrepih

lamron gnay harad nanaket nagned gnaroeses adap .

epih akiJ alajeg lubmit asib ,itaboid kadit nad nuhanem uata tareb aynisnetr

:tukireb

alapek tikas

nahalelek

laum

hatnum

safan kases

hasileg

) 5991 ,gnuhC K drawdE ( : idajnem nakadebid isnetrepih adap alajeg nad adnaT

.1 alajeg ada kadiT

gnay alajeg ada kadiT natakgninep nagned nakgnubuhid tapad gnay kifiseps

ini laH .askiremem gnay retkod helo iretra nanaket nautnenep niales ,harad nanaket

kadit iretra nanaket akij asongaidret hanrep naka kadit lairetra isnetrepih itrareb

.rukuret

.2 mizal gnay alajeG

id gnireS ireyn itupilem isnetrepih iatreynem gnay mizalret alajeg awhab nakatak

gnay mizalret alajeg nakapurem ini aynnaataynek malaD .nahalelek nad alapek

sidem nagnolotrep iracnem gnay neisap nakaynabek ianegnem

opmolek 3 malad igabret isnetrepih nagned neisaP k : utiay ,

A iridnes uti harad nanaket natakgninep nagned tiakret gnay kopmoleK .

.1 alapek tikaS

isasilakolret nakaynabek ,)3 egats( tareb isnetrepih kitsiretkarak nakapureM

ipat irah igap adap nugnab neisap akitek lucnum nad latipicco haread adap

haletes maj aparbeb haletes ayniridnes nagned gnalih uti

.2 gnisuP

.3 isatiplaP

rabedreb naasareP - ayntafis gnay rutaret kadit gnay gnutnaj tuyned uata rabed

.fitkejbus

.4 )hitel asarem hadum( ytilibagitaF

.5 isnetopmI

B ralucsav tikaynep nagned kopmoleK .

.1 sixatsipe harad hulubmep aynhacep tabika aynasaib gnudih irad naharadnep(

)licek

.2 airutameh

.3 natahilgnep nauggnag

.4 aimehcsi larberec tneisnart anerak gnisup uata nahalelek irad edosipe

.5 sirotcep anigna

.6 gnutnaj lagag anerak aenpsid . kus gnay nasafanrep halada aenpsyD uata ra

kases

C atreynep tikaynep nagned kopmoleK .

.1 airuylop

.2 aispidyloP

.3 msinoretsodla nagned neisap adap aimelakopih anerak rednukes toto hamel

.4 emordnys s'gnihsuc neisap adap libal gnay isome

neisap aparebeb sinilk isatsefinam ,) 1002 ( ineahkoR turuneM atirednem gnay

: utiay isnetrepih

gnisup ,alapek tikas hulegneM .a

nahalelek ,sameL .b

safan kaseS .c

hasileG .d

lauM .e

hatnuM .f

siskatsipE .g

nurunem naradaseK .h

KITSONGAID NAASKIREMEP .J

.1 nitur harad tseT

.2 harad asokulG

gnutihid harad asokulG TH anerak ,sisorelksoretra natapecrep nagned isaisosareb

,msinoretsodla anerak nad ,yhtaporhpen kitebaid nad ,laner raluksav tikaynep

nagned nakisaisosaid nikgnum amotycomorhcoehp nad ,emordnys gnihsuc

.aimesilgrepih

.3 mures latot loretseloK

.4 d LDL loretseloK mures LDH na

.5 mures adiresligirT

.6 mures taru masA

gnay leveL .)negortin aeru doolb( NUB irad naigab utas halas halada taru masA

,itah tikaynep ,nasnanagek aparebeb ,lajnig tikaynep id tahilid tapad takgninem

kutnu natabognep nakaynabek nad lohokla ismusnok leveL .nasanagek nawalem

ini naaskiremeP .nakifingis gnay sinilk alajeg nakkujnunem kadit nurunem gnay

kadit nupuam asaupreb gnay kiab ,neisap irad nemiseps adap nakukalid tapad

ialin isnerefeR .asaupreb gnay neisap irad nemiseps hilipid hibel nupualaw

ron 2 halada aynlam - 1,2 nad atinaw kutnu ld/gm 7 - .airp kutnu ld/gm 5,8

.7 mures ninitaerK

irad nial ipateT .suluremolg laaf ialinem ini set ,ecnaraelc aeru aguj itrepeS

lamron ialin uti anerak ,harad malad ek ilabmek isufidreb kadit ninitaerk ,mueru

itaerc kutnu ialin itakednem nad ecnaraelc aeru irad raseb hibel ecnaraelc nin

+ 711 halada aynlamron ialiN 4.etar noitartlif raluremolg - tubesid aynasaib ,02

nadab tareb nad gnajnaP .% nagned nakub ,tinem/lm nautas nagned

uid sata iskerok nakadagnem kutnu nakanugrepid 37,1 nadab saul padahret siser

ecnaraelc aeru adap aguj itrepes ,2m

.8 mures muilaK

diocitrocolarem tahilem kutnu rukuid surah muisatsop mureS - ecudni

.ialumid kiteruid iparet mulebes rasad sirag irebmem kutnu nad noisnetrepyh

.9 tirkotameh nad nibolgomeH

.01 C aerU ecnerael

iulalem isartlifid mueru anerak suluremolg isgnuf rukugnem ecnaraelc aerU

amas gnadnapid helob kadit ecnaraelc aeru ialin ipateT .tubesret suluremolg

malad id uti mueru irad naigabes anerak ,etar noitartlif raluremolg ialin nagned

sufidreb ilubut isufidreb gnay mueru aynkaynaB .harad malad ek ilabmek i

tubesid ecnaraelc aeru ialiN.siseruid aynraseb helo nakutnetid tuki ilabmek

sumur ,tinem/lm 2 ihibelem uata nagned amas siseruid akiJ .tinem/lm nagned

siseruid akij nagned adebreb naka nakanugid gnay nialeS .tinem/lm 2 irad gnaruk

mizal hibel gnay nial arac aguj ada ,tinem/lm nagned ecnaraelc aeru tubeynem

uata tinem/lm 2 siseruid tapadid alibapA .% nagned ayntubeynem utiay ,iakapid

naid gnay tinem/lm 27 nagned nakgnidnabid ecnaraelc ialin akam ,hibel pagg

nagned nakgnidnabid ecnaraelc ialin ,tinem/lm 2 irad gnaruk siseruid akiJ .%001

07 aratna rasikreb lamron ialiN 4 .alup %001 paggnaid gnay tinem/lm 45 - .%011

saul ikilimem gnay gnaro kutnu nakgnutihrepid aynranebes tubesret lamron ialiN

1 ratikes nadab ,tubesret ialin itakednem kadit gnaroeses nadab saul akiJ .2m 37,

naabocreP 4 .nadab gnajnap nad nadab tareb sata iskerok nakadaid surah akam

.hibel uata maj 4 nakidajid aguj asib ipatet ,maj 2 amales nakukalid gnires ini

sah ihuragnepmem kadit ini aynamaL utkaw akgnaj paggnaid uti maj 2 ipatet ,li

hibel uata tinem/lm 2 siseruid nagned nakgnutihrepid gnay ecnaraelC .laminim

siseruid iakamem gnay ecnaraelc irad ayacrepid tapad hibel )ecnaraelc lamixam(

iseruid alibapA .)ecnaraelc dradnats( tinem 2 irad gnaruk 5,0<( ilakes hadner s

.11 4 .ayacrepid tapad kadit naabocrep lisah ,)tinem/lm

.11 tset nakrujnagnem nanagnanep namodep aparebeB GKE : itrepes nial

iportrepih tapadret hakapa nakutnenem malad fitisnes hibel margoidrakokE

asad kutnu anugreb nikgnum nad gnutnaj ,isnetrepih nagned neisap isaulave r

raluksavodrak tikaynep rotkaf halada irik lekirtnev iportrepih aynsusuhk

ipare naka nahutubek nakisakidnignem aynnaridahek nad tnednepedni

.isnetrepihitna

.21 )laromef nad( sitorak GSU

.31 C- alfni rekram ,PRC nietorP evitcaeR tabilret nakgnutihrepid ,kifisepsnon isam

ialumid gnay naitileneP .sisenegorehta euqalp yranoroc adap gnusgnal araces

nakkujnunem takgninem gnay PRC level awhab nakkujnunem na0991 lawa adap

.rednukes nupuam remirp isneverp adap kiab ,stneve caidrac esrevda PRC leveL

urab ataD .neisap gnutnaj okisir liforp isaulavegnem kutnu anugreb

neisap adap kitsongorp rotakidni iagabes anugreb PRC awhab nakisakidnignem

.IMA nad gnutnaj naitamek iskiderpmem PRC level natakgnineP .SCA nagned

.41 airunimublaorkiM

.51 nauk nietorP fitatit

.61 irad isakidni nakirebmem ipoksudnuf naumeT )tareb isnetrepih( ipoksudnuF

adap rekram caidrac nareP REKRAM CAIDRAC .aynsisongorp nad isnetrepih isarud

nad adad tikas nagned neisap adap natabognep atres ,okisir utnenep ,sisongaid

padignem iagirucid isaulavE .gnabmekreb suret )SCA( emordnyS yranoroC etucA

gnay alajeg anerak satabret aynasaib SCA nanikgnumek nagned neisap irad kinilk

.kifiseps kadit

.nacs TC nad adad otoF .71

ISNETREPIH TABIKA ISAKILPMOK .K

d kadit isnetrepih alib ,ayntujnaleS ,nikgnum aregeses nad tapet nagned inagnati

aynaratnaiD .idajret hubut malad nagro nakasurek naktabikagnem naka isnetrepih

:halada

gnutnaJ .1

iulalem gnusgnal kat araces kiaB .gnutnaj adapek isakilpmireb tapad isnetrepiH

nahaburep natakgninep gnay kefe iulalem gnusgnal araces nupuam ,sitorelksorehta

( DVC naktabikagnem tapad isnetrepiH .harad nanaket nagned natiakreb ralucsaV oidraC

esaesiD .IM nad anigna lasimes ,kimeksi naidajek okiser natakgninem nad )

sasnepmok emsinakem iagabes ,uti nialeS nopserem malad gnutnaj irad i

tapad isnetrepih ,harad nanaket ayntakgninem anerak harad hulubmep nanahat aynkian

( HVL haraprepmem yhportrepyH ralucirtneV tfeL nahaburep nakapurem iridnes HVL .)

sawid tutap inI .lairetra nahaburep nakub ,)ralules( laidrakoim HVL anerak iadap

( DAC aynidajret naka ayahabreb okiser rotkaf gnologret esaesiD etucA yranoroC FH ,)

( eruliaF traeH aimhtyhrra nad ,) fitagen kapmad nakapurem FH ,iuhatekid anamiagabeS .

mamek naknurunem tapad FH ,huaj hibeL .gnutnaj kutnu rasebret isnetrepih naup

isgnufsid( harad isignem kutnu naupmamkaditek uata )kilotsis isgnufsid( iskartnok

nad neesaS( FH ucimep utas halas nakapurem lortnokret kadit gnay isnetrepiH .)kilotsaid

.)5002 ,retraC

katO .2

eicsnart aynidajret utiay ini nagro adap nakasurek alajeG ,skcatta cimahcsi tn

kilotsis harad nanaket natakgnineP .kato naharadrep nad ,larberes krafni ,kimeksi ekorts

nad neesaS( yhtapolahpehcne evisnetrepyh nakbabeynem tapad nagnajnapekreb gnay

.)5002 ,retraC

nem tapad isnetrepih iparet ,nakitkubmem sinilk ijU ekorts okiser naknuru

.)4002 ,la.te nainabohC( ilak amatrep imalaid urab gnay ekorts nupuam nahubmak

lajniG .3

( RFG etaR noitartliF suluremolG kutnu nakanugid )suluremolG isartliF ujaL/

nanurunep numan ,aisu aynhabmatreb gniries nurunem RFG .lajnig isgnuf iuhategnem

,sisorelcsorhpen nagned nagnubuhreb isnetrepiH .isnetrepih helo tapecrepid tapad uti

artni nanaket natakgninep nakbabeynem anam gnay ,retraC nad neesaS( raluremolg

.)5002

ataM .4

.naatubek adap isakilpmireb gnay itaponiter nakbabeynem tapad isnetrepiH

nagned iadnatid gnay 1 takgniT :inkay ,tapme idajnem nakisakifisalkid aynnaharapeK

kosav nakbabeynem gnay ,iretra retemaid aynlabenem iadnatid gnay 2 takgnit ;iskirtsno

3 takgnit ;sisorelksorehta nakbabeynem gnay ,)VA( suonevoiretra adap gnikcin nagned

loow nottoc nakbabeynem tapad gnay itaboid gnujnuk kadit isnetrepih akij idajret gnay

m 4 takgnit rihkaret ;egahrromeh emalf nad setaduxe susak irad tabika iagabes lucnu

.)5002 ,retraC nad neesaS( amedellipap nagned iadnatid gnay ,harap nikames gnay

tikayneP okisiR

halada iggnit harad nanaket itabognem ulrep atik apagnem nasala utas halaS

y isakilpmok aynidajret nanikgnumek hagecnem kutnu ini tikaynep akij lubmit tapad gna

idajret mumu gnay isnetrepih isakilpmok aparebeB .)7002 ,rendraG( nakhubmesid kadit

: tukireb iagabes

ekortS .1

tneisnart nagnares nad ekorts irad gnitnep gnay okiser rotkaf halada isnetrepiH

pih atirednep adaP .kimeksi ekorts nakapurem idajret gnay ekorts %08 isnetre

artni sisobmort anerak nakbabesid gnay,kimeksi - gnutnaj irad isasilobme uata lairetra

aguj gnay ,)egahrromeah( naharadnep helo nakbabesid %02 aynasiS .raseb iretra nad

y harad nanaket ialin nagned nagnubuhreb gnay isnetrepih atiredneP .iggnit tagnas gna

atirednem edosipe aparebeb adap nad ekorts atirednem gnurednec tujnal aisureb

nad fisergorp araces lautkeletni isgnuf ayngnalih naktabikagnem gnay larberes aimeksi

runep awhab nakujnunem isalupop idutS .aitnemed 5 rasebes harad nanaket nanu

.)1002 ,eiknahS( ekorts aynidajret okiser naknurunem gHmm

renorok gnutnaj tikayneP .2

aynidajret okiser nagned fitisop gnay nagnubuh nakujnunem harad nanaket ialiN

nupiksem ,)kadadnem naitamek uata drakoim krafni ,anigna( renorok gnutnaj tikaynep

nad harad nanaket ialin aratna nagnubuh adapirad hadner hibel ini nagnubuh nataukek

keK .ekorts rotkaf aynada nakujnunem ini hadner hibel gnay natau - gnay nial okiser rotkaf

naabocrep utaus ,naikimed nupikseM .renorok gnutnaj tikaynep nakbabeynem tapad

β nakanuggnem( naitilenep keybus raseb halmujes naktabilem gnay sinilk - nad recolB

nakataynem )dizait okiser naknurunem tapad etauqeda gnay isnetrepih iparet awhab

.)1002 ,eiknahS( %02 rasebes drakoim krafni aynidajret

gnutnaj lagaG .3

nakataynem fitkepsorter tafisreb gnay kigoloimedipe iduts utaus irad itkuB

m isnetrepih tayawir nagned atirednep awhab kutnu raseb hibel ilak mane okiser ikilime

ada gnay ataD .isnetrepih tayawir apnat atirednep adapirad gnutnaj lagag atirednem

itsap araces tapad kadit nupiksem ,isnetrepih natabognep awhab nakujnunem

t adnunem tapad numan ,gnutnaj lagag aynidajret hagecnem gnutnaj lagag aynidajre

.)1002 ,eiknahS( edaked aparebeb amales

irik lekirtnev ifortrepiH .4

natakgninep padahret isasnepmok nopser iagabes idajret irik lekirtnev ifortrepiH

adaP .iggnit gnay harad nanaket helo nakbabesid gnay gnutnaj padahret daolretfa

nagned naamasreb ini lah nad ,negisko ialpus ihibelem toto assam natakgninep aynrihka

atirednep adap iapmujid gnires gnay renorok harad hulubmep nagnadac nanurunep

isnetrepih atiredneP .drakoim kimeksi aynidajret nakbabeynem tapad ,isnetrepih

trepih nagned aimtira caidrac aynidajret okiser natakgninep ikilimem irik lekirtnev ifor

tikaynep( raluksav sisorelksorehta tikaynep nad )ralukirtnev aimtira nad lairta isalirbif(

.)1002 ,eiknahS( )refirep iretra tikaynep nad renorok

raluksav tikayneP .5

sav tikayneP raluksav tikaynep nad msyruena citroa lanimodba itupilem raluk

gnay sisorelksorehta aynada nakujnunem ini tikaynep audeK .refirep

isel aynidajret naktakgninem aguj isnetrepiH .isnetrepih helo rasebrepid

hta isel anamid ,ditorac iretra adap sisorelksorehta ilakgnires tareb gnay sisorelksore

.)1002 ,eiknahS( ekorts aynidajret babeynep nakapurem

itaponiteR .6

tubesid gnay ,atam adap raluksav nahaburep naklubminem tapad isnetrepiH

ahsmlaf laniter laretalib itupilem tubesret nahabureP .fitisnesrepih itaponiter dep

.)1002 ,eiknahS( amedeolipap nad setaduxe drah ,stops llow nottoc ,segahrromeah

gnadak ,gHmm 021> cilotsaid( iggnit tagnas gnay nanaket adaP - iggnites gnadak

loiretra irad rocob ialum nariac )hibel nakhab uata gHmm 081 - ,aniter maladek loiretra

aggnihes tagnas gnay kato naharadnep atayn itkub nad ,rubak nagnadap nakbabeynem

.)7002 ,rendraG( aniter aynkasur anerak tnenamrep naatubek uata lajnig lagag ,suires

lajnig nakasureK .7

malaD .isnetrepih tabika kasur gnires gnay gnitnep nagro nakapurem lajniG

w ,lajnig isneifusni nakbabeynem tapad harap isnetrepih nuhat aparebeb utka

iretra isneisifusni dionirbef sisorken tabika iagabes nakaynabek - adaP .licek lajnig

sisorelksoiretra tabika lajnig nakasurek ,harap kadit gnay isnetrepih kaga aynasaib gnay

ad nagnir isnetrepih tabika lajnig nakasurek nagnabmekreP .tabmal hibel gnabmekreb n

kutnu sabeb okiser rotkaf nakapurem airunietorP .airunietorp helo iadnatid aynasaib

.raluksavoidrak tikaynep tabika naitamek nad ,babeynep aumes tabika naitamek

id tapad airunietorP fitkefe araces harad nanaket naknurunem nagned ignaruk

.)1002 ,ataniwamdaP(

.L NAANASKALATANEP

isnetrepiH natabogneP mumU namodeP naujut nagned kitsiloh araces surah isnetrepih natabognep naanaskalataneP

nanaket naknurunem nagned isnetrepih tabika satilatrom nad satidibrom naknurunem

rotkaf lortnognem libmas nikgnum lamitpoes harad - ,aynnial raluksavoidrak okiser rotkaf

tabo hilimem gnay gnipmas kefe iaynupmem nad isakidni nagned iauses lanoisar gnay

nagned nakiausesid surah nad ,isanibmok tabo nairebmep nakrujnaid ini kutnu ,licek

.)6002 ,ohorguN nad irtnameoS( atirednep naupmamek

am ini naigurek nad taafnam nagnabmitrep nakrasadreB IIV CNJ ak - nakanuggnem 4002

asawed gnaro adap isnetrepih natabognep ialumem kutnu tukireb isadnemoker

.1 isnetrepiH natabogneP

isnetrepiH natabogneP naujuT

halada isnetrepih itna tabo iparet naujuT

.1 ksavoidrak satilatrom nad satidibrom ignarugneM isakilpmok tabika laner nad ralu

aynada apnat gHmm 09/041< halada iparet haletes nakparahid gnay harad nanakeT .2

( DVC isakilpmok okisir nanurunep nagned nagnubuhreb ini lah ,isakilpmok yranoroC

esaesiD ralucsaV )

nagned isnetrepih neisaP .3 illem setebaid isakilpmok nanaket ,laner tikaynep nad sut

gHmm 08/031< utiay iparet haletes iapacid tapad nakparahid gnay harad

.)4002 ,la.te nainabohC(

isnetrepihitna tabo naanuggnep pisnirP

apnat )1002( eiknahS turuneM gnay isnetrepihitna tabo sinej nakgnabmitrepmem

uggnep irasadnem gnay pisnirp aparebeb ada ,nakanugid utiay ,isnetrepihitna tabo naan :

- iradnihgnem kutnu licekret sisod nagned halialuM .ikadnehekid kadit gnay iskaer aliB

arad nanaket nopser tapadret sisod ,kiab nagned isnarelotid tabo nad kiab gnay h

tapad 041<( iapacret narasas harad nanaket iapmas pahatreb araces naktakgnitid

uata gHmm .)kinork lajnig tikaynep uata setebaid atirednep adap gHmm 031<

- r naklamiskamem kutnu tabo isanibmok nakanuG nad harad nanaket nopse

.ikadnehekid kadit gnay iskaer naklaminimem

- sisod alib adebreb gnay tabo salek nagned halitnaG nakirebmem kadit tabo irad lawa

.tabo gnipmas kefe halasam ada uata itrareb gnay kefe

- .maj 42 amales harad nanaket lortnok nakirebmem laminim gnay isalumrof nakanuG

harad nanaket nakitsamem kutnu nad neisap nahutapek agajnem kutnu gnitnep ini laH

iradnihgneM .harad nanaket natakgninep idajret akitek irah igap adap lortnokret

s nagro nakasurek iradnihgnem utnabmem gnay irah gnajnapes harad nanaket isairav

s narasa

tabo )7002( rendraG turuneM - iggnit harad nanaket naknurunem tapad gnay tabo

: nakrujnaid tapad

rad nanaket nakiladnegnem kadit ajas pudih ayag nahaburep aliB .ha

.nakulrepid sitsard nad tapec araces iggnit harad nanaket nanurunep aliB

gnay sidem isidnok imalagnem aguj iggnit harad nanaket atirednep aliB

.ayniatreynem

halada harad nanaket nakiladnegnem kutnu nama nad kiab gnilap gnay edoteM

nakukalem nagned nahaburep - nahaburep akiJ .pudih ayag nahaburep - ini nahaburep

tapad isnetrepihitna tabo akam ,naknigniid gnay harad nanaket ialin awabmem kadit

.nakirebid

lebaT naanaskalataneP nad nahagecneP kutnu pudiH ayaG isakifidoM isakifidoM isnetrepiH isadnemokeR PBS nanuruneP

ataR - atar nadab tareb nanuruneP nadab tareb agajneM

5,81 IMB( lamron - 9,42

m/gk2

)

5- gHmm 02

HSAD napareneP nanakam ismusnokgneM nad ,ruyas ,haub ayak nagned kamel hadner

kamel napusa ignarugnem latot kamel nad hunej

8- gHmm 41

muidos napusa ignarugneM napusa ignarugneM hibel helob kadit ,muidos

4,2( irah rep lomm 001 irad

2- gHmm 8

marag g 6 uata muidos g)rupad

kisif sativitkA itrepes sativitka nakukaleMnalaj - rep tinem 03 nalaj

uggnimes amales irah

4- gHmm 9

lohokla ismusnok ignarugneM ilak 2 irad hibel helob kadiT zo 01 ,rib zo 42 lasim(

)iksiw zo 3 uata ,ruggna kutnu ilak 1 nad ,airp kutnu

nagned gnaro nad atinaw nagnir nadab tareb

2- gHmm 4

.)4002 ,la.te nainabohC(

.2 isnetrepiH itnA tabO ipareT sineJ

2 laggnuT ipareT 1.

isnetrepih natabognep kutnu isnetrepih itna tabo macam utas naanuggneP

harad nanaket ialin itakednem lawa harad nanaket ialin alib nakisadnemokerid tapad

CNJ turuneM .narasas - awa harad nanaket ialin 7 narasas harad nanaket ialin itakednem l

harad gnaruk nad kilotsis harad nanaket kutnu gHmm 02 irad gnaruk aynhisiles alibapa

itupilem ini laH .kilotsaid harad nanaket kutnu gHmm 01 irad gnaruk nad kilotsis

sas harad nanaket nad 1 pahat isnetrepih atirednep dna neesaS( gHmm 09/041< nara

.)5002 ,retraC

II nad I pahat iggnit harad nanaket atirednep hagnetes )7002( rendraG turuneM

kadit tabo utas akiJ .ajas tabo utas nagned akerem harad nanaket nakiladnegnem tapad

akij aynsisod naktakgnitid tapad akam ,fitkefe fitanretlA .ayngnipmas kefe ada kadit -

igal tabo utas nakhabmanem nad adebreb gnay tabo abocnem halada aynnial fitanretla

.)isanibmok( munimid halet gnay tabo adap

2.2 isanibmoK ipareT tabo hilipid aynasaib ,isanibmok tabo iparet nakanuggnem aliB - tapad gnay tabo

gnisam sativitkefe naktakgninem - gnisam gnipmas kefe ignarugnem uata tabo gnisam -

.)7002 ,rendraG( tabo gnisam

nep kutnu nakisadnemokerid tabo aud isanibmok nagned iparet ialumeM atired

huaj aynnarasas harad nanaket ialin gnay isnetrepih atirednep uata 2 pahat isnetrepih

( lawa harad nanaket ialin irad gHmm 01≥ nad kilotsis harad nanaket kutnu gHmm 02≥

isap igab nahilip nakapurem aguj isanibmok ipareT .)kilotsaid harad nanaket kutnu ne

lajnig tikaynep nad setebaid atirednep( iapacid tilus aynnarasas harad nanaket ialin gnay

nakhutubmem gnay naaskamep isakidni kaynab nagned neisap adap uata )kinork

TAHLLA malaD .adebreb gnay isnetrepihitna aparebeb dipiL dna evisnetrepyhitnA( -

gnirewoL )lairT kcattA traeH tneverP ni tnemtaerT isnetrepih atirednep %06 naktubesid

aud naanuggnep nagned gHmm 09/041< DT adap lortnokret harad nanaket iapacnem

nagned lortnokret aynharad nanaket gnay %03 aynah nad ,isnetrepih itna hibel uata

repih itna tabo utas CNJ .isnet - tabo hibel uata agit naanuggnep nakisadnemokerem 7

nad neesaS( naknigniid gnay harad nanaket iparet tegrat iapacnem kutnu isnetrepih itna

.)5002 ,retraC

nakanugiD gnireS gnay isnetrepih itnA tabO isanibmoK

isnetrepih itna tabo isanibmoK .2 lebaT NAGNUTNUEK rotibihni ECA

sinogatna muislaK − - artni nanaket naknuruneM reluremolg - satilibaemrep ikiabrepmeM reluremolg - ifortrepih aynidajret tabmahgneM reluremolg - reluremolg aynidajret hagecneM - airunietorp ignarugneM - emsilobatemrepih ignarugneM lajnig - siseruirtan naktakgnineM - emsilobatemrepih ignarugneM lajnig

-- - aC isalumuka ignarugneM +2

ralulesartni - fisnetrepih itaporfen adap nakrujaiD

itaporfen nagned isnetrepih nad kitebaid

BRA/IECA

ktieruiD − - siseruirtan naktakgnineM - nad asokulg isnarelot ikiabrepmeM

taru masa radak

- K radak naknahatrepmeM +

amsalp - HVL iserger tapecrepmeM - .BRA/IECA naakepek naktakgnineM

BRA/IECA

rekolb ateB− - adum aisu isnetrepih kutnu kiaB nagned natakgninep

S sitapmis nad AAR metsis - nad isnetrepih kutnu alup kiaB tuka krafni acsap

: naujut nagned aimtiraihkat okisir naknuruneM o

isatalid sativisergorp ignarugneM o lekirtnev

nahital isnarelot ikiabrepmeM o

rekolb ateB

ktieruiD − - metsis natakgninep naknuruneM kiteruid anerak AAR - kefe iaynupmem rekolb ateB nagnir noretsodlaitna - cilotsys detalosi kutnu kiaB krafni nad ekorts ,noisnetrepyh drakoim

rekolb ateB

sinogatna muislaK − - nad gnutnaj haruc naknuruneM refirep nanahat

- letodne satirgetni ikiabrepmeM - AAR metsis natakgninep isasilamroN - sinogatna muislak anerak - HVL isergerem kiab tagnaS - nad nilusni isnetsiser isasilamroN ateb anerak dipil liforp nauggnag rekolb - nagned isnetrepih kutnu kiaB sirotkep anigna

- nad isnetrepih kutnu kiaB aimtiraihkat

isanibmoK nad laggnuT tabO nairebmeP naadebreP

tabo utas natawareP isanibmoK natawareP - iggnit hibel gnay tabo sisod nakulrepiD - fitkefe gnaruK - kaynab hibel gnipmas kefE

- gnisam kutnu hadner sisoD – gnisam

pukuc hadus tabo - fitkefe hibeL - tikides hibel gnipmas kefE

nagnaluggnaneP anacneR nad okisiR rotkaF isakifitartS

: nagnareteK ( tegraT nagrO nakasureK :TOK egamaD nagrO tegraT )

)atreyneP tikayneP( tiakreT kinilK isidnoK :TKK 1002 ,elbmiK ;4002 ,la.te nainabohC( )

nanakeT isnetrepiH )gHmm( haraD

A purG okisiR rotkaf ada kadit(

nad okisir )DOK/TOK

rotkaF( B purG okisiR 1 tikides gnilap okisir

nad setebaid niales okisir )TKK/TOK ada kadit

(C purG okisiR rotkaf 3 ≥ setebaiD uata okisir

)TKK/TOK/nad

031( lamron hgiH -58/931 - )98

aloP nahaburePpudiH

pudiH aloP nahabureP + pudiH aloP nahabureP tabO

041( 1 takgniT -09/951 - )99

aloP nahabureP tabO + pudiH

+ pudiH aloP nahabureP tabO

+ pudiH aloP nahabureP tabO

2 takgniT( )001≥/061≥

aloP nahabureP tabO + pudiH

+ pudiH aloP nahabureP tabO

+ pudiH aloP nahabureP tabO

ISNETREPIH ITNA TABO

kopmoleK .pahatreb araces nakukalid isnetrepih natabognep ,aynpisnirp adaP

: utiay ,isnetrepih iparet nahilip iagabes nakanugid ini taas gnay isnetrepihitna tabo

.1 kiteruiD

lajnig helo muirtan iserske natakgninep nakbabeynem kiteruid salek aumeS

irtan( irad isnetepihitna sativitka padahret bawaj gnuggnatreb ini kefe anamid )siseru

gnay kiteruid nakapurem nad gnades siseruirtan kefe ikilimem dizait kiteruiD .kiteruid

kefe ikilimem citeruid pooL .isnetrepih natabognep malad nakanugid kaynab gnilap

eruirtan uata fitkefe kadit dizaiht kiteruid alib nakanugid aynah nad raseb sis

kefe ikilimem citeruid gniraps muissatoP .atirednep kutnu nakisakidniartnokid

nagned isanibmok kutneb malad nakanugid aynmumu nad ,hadner gnay siseruirtan

uid pool uata dizaiht kiteruid hagecnem kutnu uata muilak iserkske ignarugnem kiter

.)6002 ,snevetS nad rennaB( aimelakopih

atem utauS - nakitkubmem 3002 nuhat adap sinilk naabocrep 24 irad sisylana

gnilap gnay amatrep nahilip isnetrepihitna nakapurem hadner sisod kiteruid awhab

fitkefe .)5002 ,retraC nad neesaS( raluksavoidrak satilatrom hagecnem kutnu

1.1 dizaiht kiteruiD

tabo hotnoC

,edizaihtemulfordneb ,dizaitrolhcordih :halai aynmalad id gnologret gnaY

.)7002 ,atheM( edimapix nad ,edimapadni ,enozalotem ,enodilatrolhc

isakidnI

iD tapad dizaihT .isnetrepih iparet kutnu amatrep nahilip nakapurem dizaiht kiteru

.nial isnetrepihitna nagned isanibmok nupuam laggnut kutneb malad nakanugid

β uata IECA nagned isanibmoK - nakanugid mumu gnay isanibmok nakapurem rekolb

.)1002 ,eiknahS(

inakeM ajrek ems

harad emulov naknurunem dizaiht kiteruid ,kednep akgnaj naanuggnep adaP

,gnajnap akgnaj naanuggnep adaP .tuptuo caidrac nanurunep adap kapmadreb gnay

kefe malad narepreb aynkapmat gnay ,refirep nanahat naknurunem aguj dizaiht kiteruid

trepihitna .)6002 ,snevetS nad rennerB( ini tabo irad gnajnap akgnaj isne

naitahreP

aimelakopiH .dizait kiteruid naanuggnep adap idajret tapad aimelakopiH

tabo amirenem gnades gnay nad KJP neisap adap ayahabreb sedisocylg caidrac .

nagned isanibmokid aynnaanuggnep aimelakopih kefe isatagnem kutnu ilakgnireS

.)7002 ,atheM( muisatop tnemelpus uata kiteruid gniraps muisatop

2.1 kiteruid pooL

tabo hotnoC

edinatemuB nad ,edimesaroT ,edimesoruF :halai aynmalad id gnologret gnaY

,atheM( .)7002

isakidnI

neisap adap nakanugid kiteruid pooL amedeo yranomlup adap nauggnag tabika

( FHC neisap adap ,irik lekirtnev eruliaF traeH cinorhC citeruid neisap aguj nad ,) - tnatsiser

.)7002 ,atheM( amedeo

ajrek emsinakeM

nagned elneH fo pool irad kianem naigab adap ajrekeb amaturet kiteruid pooL

,eiknahS( muirtan iserkske naktakgninem aggnihes tilortkele isbrosbaer tabmahgnem

.)1002

naitahreP

ayahabreb aimelakopiH .dimesoruf naanuggnep adap idajret tapad aimelakopiH

adap tabo amirenem gnades gnay nad tareb KJP neisap sedisocylg caidrac okiseR .

alib igalapa iggnit sisod dimesoruf naanuggnep adap takgninem tapad aimelakopih

aimelakopih kefe isatagnem kutnu ilakgnireS .iskejni naaides kutneb malad nakirebid

kid aynnaanuggnep tnemelpus uata kiteruid gniraps muisatop nagned isanibmo

.)5002 ,la.te eipO ;7002 ,atheM( muisatop

1. kiteruiD gnirapS muissatoP 3

tabo hotnoC

,atheM( eneretmairT nad ,lCH edirolimA :halai aynmalad id gnologret gnaY

.)7002

isakidnI

id gniraps muissatoP nagned iparet adap nahabmat iagabes nakanugid kiteru

,eiknahS( aimelakopih aynidajret hagecnem kutnu kiteruid pool nad dizaiht kiteruid

.)1002

ajrek emsinakeM

kutnu lajnig latsid sulubut adap ajrekeb amaturet kiteruid gniraps muissatoP

rkske naktakgninem .)1002 ,eiknahS( muilak iserkske naknurunem nad muirtan ise

naitahreP

amaturet aimelakrepih aynidajret nakbabeyem tapad kiteruid gniraps muisatoP

gnay neisap nad setebaid uata sinork lajnig nauggnag tayawir nagned gnay neisap adap

ECA nakanuggnem gnades ,oripiD( tnemelpus muissatop uata DIASN ,BRA ,rotibihni

.)5002

4.1 tsinogatnA enoretsodlA

tabo hotnoC

aynmalad id gnologret gnaY .kiteruid gniraps muissatoP nagnolog kusamreT

.)7002 ,atheM( ,enotcalonoripS nad ,enonerelpE :halai

isakidnI

ikilimem hadner sisod adap ,amedeo kutnu nakisakidniid sinogatna noretsodlA

atirednep adap nakanugid aguj nad gnutnaj lagag atirednep adap ajrek kefe yramirp

msinoretsodlarepyh .)7002 ,atheM(

adnemokerid aynmumu sinogatna noretsodla amal akgnaj nairebmeP adap nakis

FVEL aimelakrepih uata tareb gnay lajnig isgnuf nauggnag apnat IMETS tsop atirednep

( noitcarF noitcejE elcirtneV tfeL ,oripiD( setebaid nad gnutnaj lagag atirednep adap )

.)5002

anugid kaynab gnilap gnay noretsodla sinogatna halada notcalonoripS utauS .nak

naitilenep ydutS noitaulavE enotcadlA dezimodaR %03 idajret ,nakkujnunem )SELAR(

lagag atirednep adap notcalonorips nakanuggnem nagned naitamek akgna nanurunep

.)2002 ,kralC dna ramuK( tareb iapmas gnades gnutnaj

ajrek emsinakeM

na enoretsodlA sinogatna iagabes laner sulubut latsid naigab adap ajrekeb tsinogat

.)1002 ,eiknahS( noretsodla irad fititepmok

naitahreP

itah nad lajnig isgnuf nauggnag adap iradnihid surah notcalonorips tabo sinej kutnU - itah

BRA/rotibihni ECA nagned nakisanibmokid alib aimelakrepih nakbabeynem naka ,

.)6002 ,ohorguN nad irtnameoS(

α .2 - rekolB

tabo hotnoC

nad ,nisozareT ,nisozarP ,nisozaxoD :halai aynmalad id gnologret gnaY

.)7002 ,atheM( nimarodnI

isakidnI

α- matrep nahilip fitanretla isnetrepihitna nakapurem rekolb kiteruid alibapa a

β uata - α .kiab nagned isnarelotid kadit uata nakisakidniarnokid rekolb - rekolb

atirednep kutnu nakisakidniid amaturet aisalprepyh citatsorp ngineb α . - kadit rekolb

irednep adap anugreb aggnihes asokulg nad dipil liforp padahret huragnepreb at

.)1002 ,eiknahS( asokulg isnarelotni uata aimedipilsid nagned

ajrek emsinakeM

α- adap nilanerdaron iska tabmahgnem nad isatalidosav nakbabeynem rekolb

ini lah anamid ,anev nupuam loiretra adap kiab 1α rotpesonerda citpanis tsop

nanurunep naktabikagnem .)1002 ,eiknahS( harad nanaket nad refirep nanahat

naitahreP

gnipmas kefe iaynupmem anerak amatu nahilip iagabes nakanugid gnaraJ

irtnameoS( alapek tikas nad isatiplap ,larutsop isnetopih utiay uggnagnem gnires gnay

.)6002 ,ohorguN nad

β 3.2 - rekcolb

tabo hotnoC

β utiay ssalc bus 2 idajnem igabreT - β rotpeser fitkeles( fitkelesoidrac rekolb - )1

β nad lolorpilec ,loloxateb ,lolorposib ,lolorpotem ,lolotubeca ,loloneta utiay - non rekolb -

β rotpeser( fitkelesoidrac - 1

β nad -2

nad lolonaporp ,lolidevrac utiay ) nad eipO( lolodnip

.)5002 ,nosliW

isakidnI

CNJ helo nakisadnemokerid ilak amatrep rekolb ateB - ’enil tsrif’ iparet iagabes 7

kutneb aumes adap iparet nahiliP .kiteruid irad fitanretla esaesid traeh kimeksi ilaucek

anigna adap atemznirp citsapsosav nairav l adap iparet nahilip nakapurem rekolb ateB .

okiser naknurunem tapad ,libats kadit anigna nupuam libats anigna kiab ,anigna

nahilip aguj nad krafni edoirep haletes nad drakoim krafni tuka esaf adap satilatrom

isnetrepih itrepes aynnial isidnok kutnu iparet , s’aimhtyhrra nad suires yhtapoymoidrac .

itah araces sisod isartit natakgninep adaP - ignarugnem kefe ikilimem iuhatekid itah

.gnutnaj lagag neisap adap satilatrom okiser

β licek sisod adaP - neisap adap nakanugid tapad fitkelesoidrac rekolb

ata emsapsoknorb u esaesid gnul cinorhc β naanuggnep isnetrepih nad anigna adaP . -

β nakgnades ,fitkelesoidracnon nagned nakgnidnabid fitkefe hibel fitkelesoidrac rekolb -

kefe ikilimem fitkelesoidracnon rekolb scimtyhrraitna nakgnidnabid kiab hibel gnay

.fitkelesoidrac nagned ASI ikilimem kadit ,fitkeles gnay 1β tnega nakapurem lolorposiB

( ytivitcA citemimohtapmyS kisnirtnI lisahreb nad saul araces iakapid ,amal ajrekeb nad )

raseb gnay nanurunep idajret anamid gnutnaj lagag isalupop adap raseb iduts malad

adap aynah kadit gnay aguj numan satilatrom htaed caidrac neddus ,nosliW nad eipO( .

.)5002

β- drakoim krafni nagned isnetrepih atirednep kutnu nakisadnemokerid rekolb

itna ,aimeksi itna ,isnetrepih itna iagabes nagnutnuek iaynupmem ini tabo anerak

ignarugnem upmam nad aimtira .lekirtnev gnilledomer

nalep nad licek aynmumu rekolb ateb irad lawa sisoD - iapmas nakkianid nalep

adap gnutnagret ini natakgninep ,)raseb gnay sinilk lairt nakrasadreb( tegrat sisod

,laiknorb amsa itrepes ,isawaid surah isakidniartnoK .laudividni b ereves esaesid laiknor ,

.)7002 ,idaH( isnetopih nad kitamotpmis aidrakidarb

ajrek emsinakeM

β mumu araceS - kigrenerda rotpeser adap nilanerdaron iska tabmahgnem rekolb

β- tuptuo caidrac nanurunep nakbabeynem aggnihes nial nagniraj nad gnutnaj id 1

anurunep iulalem β .satilitkartnok nad gnutnaj tuyned n - iserkes tabmahgnem aguj rekolb

les irad niner - nakutnebmep nanurunep naktabikagnem gnay lajnig raluremolgatxuj les

.)1002 ,eiknahS( noretsodla silir nad II nisnetoigna

naitahreP

kcolb ateb iparet kadadnem naitnehgneP ( tabo sutup alajeg nakbabeynem re lwardhtiw )

nagnarugnep nagned fitneverp nakadnit nakukalid tapaD .KJP kurubrepmem tapad gnay

.nakitnehid iparet mulebes rekcolb ateb sisod pahatreb

pih okisir nakbabeynem limaparev nagned naamasreb rekcolb ateb naanuggneP isneto

tikaynep atirednep adap gnutnaj lagag okisir naktakgninem tapad gnay elotsysa nad

.)7002 ,atheM( renorok gnutnaj

2 ) IECA ( rotibihni ECA 4.

tabo hotnoC

taelam lirpalanE ,lirpazaliC ,lirpotpaC :halai aynmalad id gnologret gnaY

.)7002 ,atheM( lirpimaR nad ,enimubre lirpodnireP ,lirponisiL

isakidnI

alibapa amatrep nahilip fitanretla isnetrepihitna nakapurem rotibihni ECA

β uata kiteruid - rekolb amaturet IECA .kiab nagned isnarelotid kadit uata isakidniartnokid

,%04< FE nad irik lekirtnev isgnufsid ,gnutnaj lagag atirednep adap nakisadnemokerid

.)5002 ,oripiD( 2 epit setebaid nagned iatresid isnetrepih

bid alib taafnamreb tagnas aguj rotibihni ECA ,saul krafni adap amaturet nakire

krafni nad tuka urap amede nagned krafni ,irik lekirtnev isgnuf nanurunep nagned krafni

nad kednep ajrek amal nagned tabo sinej hilipid aynmumU .isnetrepih nagned drakoim

.)6002 ,otonarpidA( lirdihflus sugug iaynupmem

laD ECA iparet ,lajnig adap nakasurek nad isnetopih okisir risilaminimem ma

isartit nagned naktujnalid naidumek nad licek sisod irad ialumid aynkadneh rotibihni

malad isaulaveid surah muisatop isartnesnok nad laner isgnuF .tegrat sisod iapmas sisod

1- uggnim 2 sisod haletes amaturet ,kidorep araces nairebmep ialumid haletes

.)5002 ,oripiD( naktakgnitid

ajrek emsinakeM

tabmahgnem rotibihni ECA myznE gnitrevnoC nisnetoignA aggnihes

nomroh radak nanurunep nad refirep isnetsiser nanurunep ,isatalidosav nakbabeynem

.)1002 ,eiknahS( noretsodla

naitahreP

ayntakgninem utiay nakitahrepid surah gnay rotibihni ECA naanuggnep adaP

K radak +

muisatop nagned naamasreb nakanugid alib )aimelakrepih( hubut malad

kukalid ulrep naanuggnep amales uti anerak helo ,kiteruid gniraps K radak gnirotinom na +

.hubut malad

tapad isnetopih kefe kiteruid nagned ilakamatrep isanibmok naanuggnep adaP

abit nagned lucnum - nakanuggnem taas irah utas nakitnehid ulrep kiteruid aggnihes abit

.rotibihni ECA

mures naktakgninem tapad aguj rotibihni ECA neisap adap aggnihes ,ninitaerk

itah surah naanuggnep amales tnemriapmi laner okisir nagned - nakukalid nad itah

.)7002 ,rendraG ;7002 ,atheM( ninitaerk mures gnirotinom

.2 )BRA( rekolB rotpeceR nisnetoignA 5

tabo hotnoC

,muissatop natrasol ,litexelic natrasednac :halai aynmalad id gnologret gnaY

.)7002 ,atheM( natrasimlet nad ,natraslav ,limoxodem natrasemlo ,natrasebri

isakidnI

isnetrepihitna nahilip fitanretla nakapurem tsinogatnA rotpeceR II nisnetoignA

irednep kutnu kutab apureb gnay gnipmas kefe anerak IECA isnarelotnem kadit gnay at

nad gnirek amedeoigna .)5002 ,la.te eipO(

,IECA padahret nerelotni gnay IMETS atirednep adap nakirebid tapad BRA

idnok nakkujnunem sigoloidar nad sinilk araces tubesret atirednep anamid lagag is

naanuggnep nakisadnemokerid aynasaib uti kutnu 04.0< iskeje iskarf uata gnutnaj

.)5002 ,oripiD( natrasednac nad natraslav

ajrek emsinakeM

gnay ,1TA rotpeser adap II nisnetoigna irad fititepmok sinogatna nakapurem BRA

tsiser nanurunep nakbabeynem tuyned natakgninep kelfer aynada apnat refirep isne

gnay ninikidarb kefe naklubminem kadit BRA .noretsodla radak naknurunem nad gnutnaj

,oripiD( IECA naanuggnep adap itrepes kutab gnipmas kefe aynlucnum nakbabeynem

.)5002

naitahreP

isartnesnok gnirotinoM neisap nad aisnal neisap adap amaturet muisatop amsalp

nagned tnemriapmi laner .)7002 ,atheM( aynaimelakrepih kefe anerak ,

.2 muislaK sinogatnA 6

aud idajnem igabid muislak sinogatnA ssalcbus d utiay enidirypordyhi nad non

enidirypordyhid . enidirypordyhiD aidrakikat skelfer nagned rotpeserorab ihuragnepmem

.refirep isatalidosav naktabikagnem malad tauk gnay aynkefe anerak enidirypordyhiD

adap fitkefe kadit nad ralukirtnevoirta ladon iskudnok ihuragnepmem kadit

aimtyhrrayhcat ralukirtnevarpus s nakgnadeS , enidirypordyhid non nakbabeynem

nagned amas ,ralukirtnevoirta ladon iskudnok tabmalrepmem nad etar traeh nanurunep

adap nakanugid tapad ini tabo rekolb ateb nagnolog saimtyhrrayhcat ralukirtnevarpus

.)5002 ,oripiD(

enidirypordyhiD .a

otnoC tabo h

enipidoleF nad enipidefiN ,enipidolmA :halai aynmalad id gnologret gnaY

.)7002 ,atheM(

isakidnI

rekolb ateb nagned lotnokid tapad kadit harad nanaket nad libats anigna akiJ

akanuggnem tapad akam rekolb ateb nagned isakidniartnok idajret akij uata nagnolog n

refirep netsiser latot ignarugnem tapad rekolb lennahc muiclaC .rekolb lennahc muiclac

ateb ilakgnireS .harad nanaket naknurunem tapad aggnihes renorok isnetsiser nad

.)4002 ,la.te ,nainabohC( nakisanibmokid rekolb lennahc muiclac nad rekolb

keM iska emsina

lanak iulalem muislak noi nahadnimep isnevretnignem nagned ajrekeb BCC

agajnem bawaj gnuggnatreb anamid ,les narbmem id muislak esahp uaealp .iska isnetop

,muirtan gnabmitek muislak skulfni adapek gnutnagreb hibel nagniraj isasiralopeD

les ,raluksav solop toto adap amaturet - les nad ,laidrakoym les - malad tapadret gnay les

sudon - em muislak lanak adap edakolB .ralukirtnevoirta nad lairtaonis sudon naktabikagn

nad ,gnutnaj tuyned iskuderem ,fitagen kiportoni iska ,refirep nad renorok isatalidosav

.)1002 ,eiknahS( ralukirtnev iskudnok tabmalrepmem

naitahreP

uata anigna atirednep adap nakisadnemokerid kadit gnitca trohs enipidefiN

akgnaj iparet kutnu tapad gnay aynkefe anerak ,isnetrepih atirednep adap gnajnap

.aidrakikat kelfer nad isnetopih nakbabeynem

neisap adap naknarasid kadit aggnihes fitagen kiportoni kefe ikilimem enipidefiN

.irik lekirtnev irad ajrek iskuderem kefe nagned gnutnaj lagag

neP alajeg nakbabeynem rekcolb lennahc muiclac iparet kadadnem naitnehg

( tabo sutup lwardhtiw .)7002 ,atheM( anigna kurubrepmem tapad gnay )

N .b enidirypordyhiD no

)7002 ,atheM( tabo hotnoC

lCH limaparev nad ,lCH mezaitlid :halai aynmalad id gnologret gnaY

isakidnI

muislak sinogatna nagned amaS .enidirypordyhid

iska emsinakeM

muislak sinogatna nagned amaS enidirypordyhid .

naitahreP

kefe anerak rekolb ateb nagned naamasreb nakirebid helob kadit limapareV

es ,tauk gnay ayn fitagen kiportoni nad kiportonork itah nagned nakirebid surah aggnih -

.rekolb ateb nagned iparetid gnades gnay uata gnutnaj lagag atirednep adap itah

alajeg nakbabeynem rekcolb lennahc muiclac iparet kadadnem naitnehgneP

( tabo sutup lwardhtiw .)7002 ,atheM( anigna kurubrepmem tapad gnay )

ISNETREPIH NATAWAREPEK NAHUSA

REGGIRT

1102 ieM 10 laggnaT

uaileb ahasu ulal nuhates kajes gnay maya nagaruj gnaroes ,nuhat 25 ,piyoT gnaB

.sserts nad nahalelek gnires ,kubis tagnas idajnem uaileb aggnihes siral tagnas idajnem

ulal tinem 03 haletes gnatad ,1102 iem 1 lgt takedret SR ek aynirtsi awabid neilK

adad ,kases nakatagnem neilK .ratupreb itrepes tagnas gnay alapek ireyn hulegnem

2 gnigooj nitur aynmulebeS .nalenem tilus ,rubak nagnadnap ,gnaget hajaw ,rabedreb

lakes irah kajes ipok munim nad kokorem naasaibeK .agarhalo hanrep kadit gnarakes ,i

gnay nanakam uata gnibmak ialug nakam ilakes gnaneS .takgninem nikames nupamal

4 ,nakam isrop x2 nakam paites ,hirug - ini nalub 6 hadus .gk09 BB mc071 BT ,irahe silak 5

gnires uaileb haram - id isnetrepih tayawir iaynupmeM .rudit tilus ,iggnit harad ,haram

naijakgnep lisah iraD .gnutnaj nagnares tabika laggninem namap nad kekak ,agraulek

idaN ,gHmm 011/002 harad nanaket ,tinem/x71 RR ,654 SCG naktapadid tawarep

gnutnaj iynuB .tinem/x021 .kited 3 relipak nairignep ,nignid ,tacup tiluk ,saregnem 2S

.maj paites isavresbognem nad retkod isurtsni iauses nipidefin nakirebmem tawareP

kadit ,hisreb sapan arauS .eniru ,tilortkele ,harad aimik ,pakgnel harad bal askiremeM

iraluguj anev isnetsid ada .amede kadit satimertske ,s

NAIJAKGNEP

neisaP satitnedI

amaN biyoT gnaB .nT :

rumU nuhat 25 :

nimaleK sineJ ikaL : - ikaL

nahakinreP sutatS hakineM :

naajrekeP mayA nagaruJ :

SRM laggnaT 1102 ieM 1 :

naijakgneP laggnaT 1102 ieM 1 :

sideM xD : isnetrepiH

bawaJ gnuggnaneP

amaN Y .yN :

nimaleK sineJ atinaW :

neisaP ngd nagnubuH irtsI :

amatU nahuleK

.ratupreb itrepes tagnas gnay alapek ireyn hulegnem nakatagnem xK

gnarakeS tikayneP tayawiR

: fitaillaP/evitakovorP .a

.sserts nad nahalelek gnires ,ajrekeb kubis

: ytitnauQ/ytilauQ .b

,gnaget hajaw ,rabedreb adad ,kases ,ratupreb itrepes tagnas gnay alapek ireyn

.nalenem tilus nad rubak nagnadnap

: isaidaR/oigeR .c

nakoroggnet nad ,atam ,hajaw ,adad ,alapek

: ytireveS .d

uggnagret sativitka

: emiT .e

.ulal gnay tinem 03 kajes

uluhaD tikayneP tayawiR

haram gnires ini nalub 6 haduS - .rudit tilus nad iggnit harad ,haram

agrauleK tikayneP tayawiR

namap nad kekak ,agraulek id isnetrepih tayawir ikilimem xK nagnares tabika laggniem

.gnutnaj

laisosokisP tayawiR

.sserts nad nahalelek gnires ,nad aynnaajrekep anerak kubis tagnas xK

.takgninem nikames inik nad amal kajes ipok munim nad kokorem naasaibek ikilimem xK

iraheS naasaibeK aloP - iraH

: isirtuN aloP .a

nakam isneukerF 4 : - irahes ilak 5

nakam halmuJ isrop x2 :

nanakam sineJ hirug gnay nanakam uata gnibmak ialug :

nakam usfaN takgninem :

mc 071 =BT gk 09 = BB

isanimilE aloP .b

BAB BAB ,isnetsisnok ,isneukerf : rahacnep naanuggnep ,rihkaret

KAB ,uab ,anraw ,isneukerf :

( tayawir uata iskurtsbo itrepes( uata ini taas lajnig nauggnaG asam adap lajnig tikaynep

.)ulal gnay

sativitkA aloP .c

: agarhalO

ah/x2 : isneukerf , gniggoj : sineJ = tikaS mulebeS ir

tikaS taaS agarhalo hanrep kadit =

rudiT nad taharitsI aloP .d

halasam ada kadit = tikaS mulebeS

rudit tilus = tikaS taaS

iriD nahisrebeK aloP .e

.ukuk gnotomem ,igig takis ,naiakap itnag ,samarek ,idnam : isneukerF

kisiF naaskiremeP

aadaeK .a mumU n

654 : SCG , sitneM sopmoC : naradaseK

VTT .b

gHmm 011/002 : DT tinem/x 021 : RH

tinem/x72 : RR

eoT ot daeH .c

tubmaR nad alapeK .1

alapeK nubu ,talub=kutneb : - lamron=alapek tiluk ,lamron=nubu

tubmaR uab ,atarem=narabeynep : (- matih=anraw ,)

hajaW talub=rutkurts ,talkoc=anraw :

) ratupreb itrepes tagnas gnay alapek ireyn (

ataM .2 (simena :avitgnujnok ,pakgnel ,sirtemis: - (suretki :arelks ,) - ,rokosi: lipup ,)

( utnab tala - )

k nagnadnap ( )ruba

gnudiH .3 gnipuc ,lamron gnabul ,lamron isan mutpes isisop ,lamron gnalut :

,lamron

( utnab tala -)

agnileT .4 tala ,lamron naragnedne namajatek ,lamron gnabul ,lamron kutneb :

utnab (-)

oT ,hadiL ,igiG ,tuluM .5 gnirahP nad lisn

kiab = lisnot ,gnirahp ,hadil naadaek : kiab = isug ,igig ,ribib naadaeK

nakoroggneT nad reheL .6

lamron = sitorak idan tuyned ,siraluguj anev ,efmil rajnelek ,dioryt ,aekart isisoP

.7 xaroht uata adaD

temis xaroht kutneb = iskepsnI )aenpsid( rutaret kadit nasapanrep ,ik/ak sir

( naket ireyn ,ik/ak gnabmies sutimerf lakov = isaplaP -)

ronos = isukreP

relukisev = isatluksuA

gnutnaJ

kapman kadit sidroc sutci = iskepsnI

abaret kadit sidroc sutci ,tauk isaslup = isaplaP

ab = isukreP salej gnutnaj sat

saregnem 2 gnutnaj iynub = isatluksuA

nemodbA .8

(assam ,talub kutneb = iskepsnI - ( narad hulubmep nagnayab ,) - lamron sucilibmu ,)

inapmit = isatluksuA

( naket ireyn = isaplaP - ( assam ,) - ( seticsa ,) - on = yenruB cM kitiT ,neil,rapeh ;) lamr

( seticsa ,inapmit araus = isukreP -)

lateleksolucsuM/satimertskE .9

( nanialek ,5 toto nataukek ,sabeb idnes nakaregreP -)

sunA nad ailateneG .01

tubmaR = ailateneG lamron artetu gnabul ,lamron sibuP

( nanialek ,lamron gnabul = sunA - lamron muinirep ,)

tnemugetnI .11

kited 3 TRC = nanialek ,kiab rogrut ,nignid larka ,tacup = tiluK

igolorueN .21

( ngis laegninem ,sitneM sopmoC 654 SCG :naradasek takgniT -)

haram gnires = isome : latnem sutatS - serts ,haram

lamron kelfer ,lamron kirosnes isgnuf ,lamron kirotom isgnuf ,lamron lainark farays 21

gnajnuneP naaskiremeP

muirotarobaL .a

haraD baL

haraD aimiK

tilorkelE

enirU

ASILANA ATAD

oN ataD igoloitE halasaMnatawarepeK

1 :sD - nakatagnem xK

)aenpsid( kases - nakatagnem xK

rabedreb adad - hulegnem xK

nahalelek gnires - haram gnires xK

:oD - kited 3 TRC - tiluk anraw

tacup - DT

gHmm011/002 - saregnem 2S

okiseR rotkaF isirtuN (

↑ )serts( )kokor( )ipok,kiteneg,

↓

↓ nitokin sisoreksoretA

↘ ↓nimaloketaK refirep nanahaT

gnarukreb

↓ faras isavitka

sitapmis

iretra nanaket nanurunep

↓ nineR

↓ 1 nisnetoignA

↓ ECA 2 nisnetoignA

↓ norertsodlA

↓ O2H & aN isneter

↓ refirep iskirtnokosaV

↓ takgninem haraD nanakeT

↓ gnutnaJ haruC nanuruneP

haruC nanurunePgnutnaJ

2 :sD - nakatagnem xK

nakam gnanes gnibmak ialug

hurug nanakam/ - x2 nakam paites

nakam isrop -4- irah/x5

:oD - BB ,mc071 BT

gk09

kiteneG okiseR rotkaF

↓ takgninem haraD nanakeT okiseR

↓ okisereb pudih aloP isnetrepiH

)hunej kamel ,loretselok(

↓ hibelreb loretselok nad hunej kamel ismusnoK

↓ satisebO

↓ nahutubek irad hibel isirtun nagnabmieskaditeK

nagnabmieskaditeK irad hibeL :isirtuN

hubuT nahutubeK

3 :sD kiteneG okiseR rotkaF isneisifeD

- aynmulebes xK gniggoj nitur

gnarakes ,irah/x2kadit

- naasaibek xK nad kokorem

ipok munimtakgninem

- nakam gnaneSgnibmak ialug

hirug nanakam/ - ,nakam x2 isroP4- irah/x 5 - tayawiR

nad isnetrepihJP nrk laggninem

OD : bT , gk 09 BB

mc071

↓ takgninem haraD nanakeT okiseR

↓ aloP isnetrepiH okisereb pudih

)hunej kamel ,loretselok ,sertS ,ipoK ,kokoR (

↓ rotkaf aynada gd natiakreb tapet kadit pudiH aloP

okiser

↓ isnetrepiH

↓ nauhategneP isneisifeD

nauhategneP

NATAWAREPEK ASONGAID

,gnajnamem trc , aenpsid ,isatiplap ,idrakikat d.b gnutnaj haruc nanuruneP .1

tacup tiluk ,harad nanaket isairav

satisebo d.b nahutubek irad hibel isirtun nagnabmieskaditeK .2

rotkaf aynada padafret tapet kadit ukalirep d.b nauhategneP isneisifeD .3 okiser

ISNETREPIH NAGNED NEILK ADAP ISNEVRETNI ANACNER

biyoT .nT : neilK amaN

isnetrepiH : sideM xD

gnajnap TRC ,isatiplap ,aidrakikat d.b gnutnaJ haruC nanuruneP .1

tapad gnutnaj haruc nanurunep ,isnevretni nakukalid haletes maj 42 x 3 malad : naujuT

isataret

:lisaH airetirK

- ,tuptuo caidrac ,erusserp doolb hotnoc( kimanidomeH satilibats nakkujnuneM

.)seslup larehpirep ,tuptuo yraniru

T gHmm 08/021 D

06 RH - tinem/x 001

maj/Lm 03 tuptuo nirU

1 TRC - kited 2

- kases irad nanurunep nakropaleM

- nabeb ignarugnem tapad aggnihes sativitka nagnarugnep malad isapisitrapreB

gnutnaj ajrek

nanurunep ,kitueparet nemiger isakidem margorp , sserts nemejanam :hotnoc(

)kokorem itnehreb ,BB

ISNEVRETNI LANOISAR adnat ijaK - lekirtnev isgnuf nauggnag adnat

safan ,euqitaf :

)idrakikaT ( emtir nad RR nahabureP ijaKtaharitsi taas

iynub isatluksuA gnutnaj

,napabmelek ,tiluk anraw nahaburep ijaKTRC nad erutarepmet

DT nahabrep ijaK

tikaynep nanikgnumek nakisakidnigneMgnutnaj nagnares :xe ,iatreynem gnay nial

nakiskelferem emtir nad RR nahabureP

gnutnaj iskudnok nanurunep

nakkujnunem saregnem gnay 2S aynadA aynsared siranomlup iretra ek harad narila

isnetrepih d.b

kited 3 TRC nad nignid ,tacup anraW nad refirep iskirtnokosav nakisakidnignem

negisko isarutas nanurunep

xk nakisakidnignem gHmm 011/002 DT

tatac ,niru naraulegnep halmuj uatnaP.niru isartnesnok

,namayn sisisop id adarec xk nakisisoPimes isisop id adareb nakrujaid - ,relwoF

takgnaid ikak naisumek 02 - taas tajared 03.koys

alib negisko nahabmat nakireB

nakisakidniid

gnires isneukerf nagned VTT uatnaP

nagned igolokisp naharitsi nakireBgnanet gnay nagnukgnil

gnutnaj teid nairebmep isarobaloK

:tabo nairebmep isarobaloK - kiteruiD - eB rekcolB at - rekcolB aflA

natiakreb gnay isnetrepih imalagnem haruc nanurunep nagned gnutnaj

haruc naknurunem kutnu snopsereb lajniG d.b 02H nad aN nahanem ngd gnutnaj

lajnig adap isufrep nafitkefekadtek

nad negisko ismusnok ignarugneM nad gnutnaj ajrek nabeb ignarugnem

isasnepmoked okiser

nagned gnutnaj isignuf ikiabrepmeeMtakgninem ignarugnem nad negisko nak

.negisko ismusnok

nad natabignep nopser isaulavegneMsativitka

iskirtnokosav naklisahgnem isome sertS

harad nanaket naktakgninem ,tiakret ganygnutnaj ajrek /isneukerf naktakgninem nad

nad ajrek aggnihes teid rutagneM

gnagetek nad laminim gnutnaj toto naarahilepret isirtun sutats

- fisnetrepihitna kutnu fitkefe ini tabo

anerak muirtan isprosbaer rabmahgnem upmam .adirolk nad - m nilanerdaron iska tabmahgne rotpeser kigrenerda β- gnutnaj id 1 aggnihes akbabeynem p n ,tuptuo caidrac nanurune satilitkartnok , gnutnaj tuyned nanurunep nad iserkes tabmahgnem .niner - adap isatalidosav nakbabeynem

naktabikagnem ,anev&loiretra nanaket nad refirep nanahat nanurunep

- rotibihni ECA

harad - tabmahgnem gnitrevnoC nisnetoignA myznE nakbabeynem aggnihes

,isatalidosav nad refirep isnetsiser nanurunep noretsodla nomroh radak nanurunep

nahutubeK irad hibeL : isirtuN nagnabmieskaditeK.2 d.b nad iggnit ihibelem %02 BB

hubut akgnarek

nakifingis pukuc gnay BB nanurunep ahasu tapadret maj 42 x 3 utkaw malad : naujuT

: lisaH airetirK

- pudih alop nahaburep nad teid iulalem BB naknurunem kutnu ahasu tapadreT

on BB 071( = lamr - )001 - 071x%01

07 = - gk 35 = 71

- nakumegek nagned isnetrepih aratna nagnubuh imahameM

- kilobatem nahutubek kutnu nakhutubid gnay nakam sinej imahameM

ISNEVRETNI LANOISAR

nagnubuh gnatnet neilk namahamep ijaK aratna gnusgnal nad isnetrepih

nakumegek

latot ( muirotarobal set lisah iajK level nad asokulg ,niresilgirt ,loretselok

)nilusni

kutnu neilk isavitom nakpateTBB naknurunem

gnay BB nanurunep anacner nakpateT 5,0 BB nanurunep lasim citsilaer

uggnim/gk

IMB gnutiH 32 lamroN - satisebO ; 03 satisebO ; 52

04 tikaynep iggnit okiser

nanakam hilimem utnab nad nakiskurtsnI nagned nanakam iradnih ,tapet gnayloretselok nad iggnit kamel nahunejek

BB naiapacnep isakifidom kutnu akisuksiDtahes

adap nahabmat okiser halada nakumegeK atuakreb gnutnaj haruc anerak isnetrepih

hubut assam nagned

itnedi nad satisebo nagned natiakreB isakif naka nanikgnumek gnay rotcaf

natabognep nad teid tabmahgnem

halada BB nakanurunep nanigniek isavitoM kutnu isavitomreb surah neilK .lanretni

margorp akam kadit alib ,BB naknurunemlisahreb naka kadit

005 kaynabes irolak nakusam nanuruneP

irolak tapad iroet araces irah repuggnim/gk 5,0 BB naknurunem

hubut kamel gnutihgnem kutnU

hunej kamel iggnit nanakam iradnihgneM hagecnem malad gnitnep loretselok nad

sisenegoreta nagnabmekrep

nahutubek nagned nakiauseyneM

irah irolak nakusam gnalu ijaK nad nateid nahilip

: isarobaloK

isakidni iauses izig ilha ek kujuR

ilha nad naicisyhp nagned nakisarobaloK izig

a nad kisif rotcaf nakrasadreb sativitk

nagned nautnab nad gnilesnok akirebmeMneilk teid nahutubek ihunemem

nakisatnemelpmignem nad nugnabmeM

irad iridret ,BB nagnarugnep margorp alop nahaburep ,sativitka ,nanakam

nagnukud nad naasaibek

.3 isneisifeD okiser rotkaf aynada padafret tapet kadit ukalirep d.b nauhategneP

aynokiser rotcaf nad tikaynep isidnok imahamem neilk maj 42 x 3 malaD : naujuT

: lisaH airetirK

- nemiger nad tikaynep sesorp padahret aynnamahamep nakataynem xK

natabognep

- rotcaf imahameM - ayntikaynep isidnok ihurganepmem tapad gnay okiser rotkaf

- isakidem kitueparet malad isapisitrapreb turuT

ISNEVRETNI LANOISAR

malad natabmah nad napaisek ijaK

takedret gnaro kusamret ,rajaleb

aynkefe nad isnetrepih gnatnet naksaleJ

nad lajnig ,harad hulubmep ,gnutnaj adap

kato

isakifitnedignem malad neisap utnaB

rotcaf - gnay raluksavoidrak okiser rotkaf

alop nad kokorem ,satisebo ( habuid tapad

pudih

)sserts

kutnu neilk nagned nakisuksiD

nem ayag nahaburep arac isakifitnedig

rotcaf ignarugnem kutnu tapet gnay pudih -

okiser rotkaf

kokorem nakitnehgnem ayngnitnep sahaB

itnehreb anacnr taubmem neilk utnab nad

kokorem

kadit neilk nanikgnumek aynada rahileM

nakhutubmem awhab satilaer amirenem

nahaburep akam ,unitnok natabognep

naknahatrepid naka kadit ukalirep

rebmeM gtt namahamep kutnu rasad naki

DT natakgninep

rotkaF - nakkujnunem halet okiser rotkaf

isnetrepih gnajnunem malad nagnubuh

lajnig atres raluksavoidrak tikaynep nad

rotkaF - naktakgninem tapad okiser rotkaf

alajeg kurubrepmem nad tikaynep sesorp

nitokiN nasapelep naktakgninem

DT ,RH naktakgninem ghs ,nimaloketak

naktakgninem atres DP iskirtnokosav nad

gnutnaj ajrek nabeb

uatnamem malad neisap natabilreteK

snopser uatnamem kutnu neilk nakrujnA

sativitka padahret iridnes igoloisif

B amas ajrek ayngnitnep nataugnep ire

nad natabognep nemiger malad

tujnal kadnit naijnajrep naknahatrepmem

iridnes aynsativitka isnarelot

mumu nasala halada amasajrek ayngnaruK

itna iparet nalagagek isnetrepih

AKATSUP RATFAD

nauggnaG nagned neilK adap natawarepeK nahusA .9002 .firA,niqattuM

savoidraK aS : atrakaJ .igolotameH nad raluk akideM abmel

ynep nailadnegnep namodeP .7002 ,IR sekpeD harad hulubmep nad gnutnaj tika

IR seKpeD :atrakaj

IrP sesorP sinilK pesnoK : igoloisifotaP .5002 .nosrednA aivlyS,ec - .tikayneP sesorP

CGE : atrakaJ

CGE:atrakaJ .raluksavoidraK tikayneP sitkarP nutnuneP.5991.K drawdE,gnuhC

namodeP :natawarepeK nahusA anacneR .0002 .E nnilyraM ,seogneoD kutnu

CGE :atrakaJ .neisaP natawareP naisatnemukodneP nad naanacnereP

& rennurB hadeB lakideM natawarepeK rajA ukuB .2002 .C ennazuS ,reztlemS

CGE :atrakaJ .drattuS

.5991.moT ,htimS anamiagaB ,idajret apagneM : iggniT harad nanakeT

m : atrakaJ ,?aynisatagne ,nacrA

.lla te ,J yrraB ,leboS .9991 isongaiD sinilK namodeP : isnetrepiH nad s

,setarkopiH,atrakaJ ,ipareT

. lla te ,M.S ,rekcuT 8991 sesorP : neisaP natawareP radnatS

atrakaJ ,V isidE , isaulave nad sisongaid ,natawarepeK GCE :

.6002 .ludba,dihcuM mrahP isnetrepih tikaynep kutnu erac lacitueca .

K nad satinumoK isamraF aniB tarotkeriD :atrakaJ kinil naisamrafeK aniB nejtiD

K talA nad natahese K nemetrapeD natahese