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030.08
Jakarta, 6th July 2011
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A number of long-term demographic studies
have indicated that there is a longitudinal
relationship between insomnia anddepression.
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Common Causes of Depression
Biology
Genetics
Gender
Age
Health
conditions
Changes andstressful events
Medicationsand substances
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2. Interest
Criteria for the diagnosis of MDD (DSM-IV-TR).
At least 1+2 and 5 of the following symptoms have been present duringthe same 2-weeks period :
Energyy
Concentration
AppetitechangesSleep
disordersPsychomotor
disorders
Suicide
Guilty
1. Mooddepressive
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People with insomnia have one or more of thefollowing symptoms:
Difficulty fallingasleep
Feeling tired uponwaking
Waking up oftenduring the night and
having troublegoing back to sleep
Waking up tooearly in the
morning
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earlymorning
awakenings
an inabilityto fall back
asleepDepression
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Insomnia wastypically seen as a
symptom ofdepression
New research showsthat insomnia is not just
a symptom ofdepression
Insomnia anddepression are two
overlapping disorders.
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Depressed people suffer from
insomnia
Risk of recurringdepression is greater than
that of patients who donthave insomnia.
So, insomnia may serve as a trigger for depression,but it also appears to perpetuate depression.
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Treated with both an antidepressantand a sleep medication
than only with antidepressants.
The latest findings have helped improve
treatment strategies.
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A complex relationship exists between insomnia and
depressive disorders. Treatment strategies should
address both depressive symptoms and insomnia andshould consider use of both pharmacologic and
nonpharmacologic strategies.
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1. Halverson JL. Background of Depression. Available athttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286759-overview. Accessed on June 12th 2011.
2. Andreasen NC, Black DW. Introductory Textbook of
Psychiatry. 3rd
edition. London : American PsychiatricPublishing ; 2001. p 272-4.3. Doghramji K. Insomnia and Depression. Available at
http://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/501334. accessedon June 14th 2011.
4. Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Synopsos of Psychiatry. 9th edition.
USA : Lippincott Williams and Wilkins ; 2002. p 534.5. Chang L. Common Causes of Depression.
http://www.webmd.com/depression/recognizing-depression-symptoms/common-causes. accessed onJune 12th 2011.
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286759-overviewhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286759-overviewhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286759-overviewhttp://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/501334http://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/501334http://www.webmd.com/depression/recognizing-depression-symptoms/common-causeshttp://www.webmd.com/depression/recognizing-depression-symptoms/common-causeshttp://www.webmd.com/depression/recognizing-depression-symptoms/common-causeshttp://www.webmd.com/depression/recognizing-depression-symptoms/common-causeshttp://www.webmd.com/depression/recognizing-depression-symptoms/common-causeshttp://www.webmd.com/depression/recognizing-depression-symptoms/common-causeshttp://www.webmd.com/depression/recognizing-depression-symptoms/common-causeshttp://www.webmd.com/depression/recognizing-depression-symptoms/common-causeshttp://www.webmd.com/depression/recognizing-depression-symptoms/common-causeshttp://www.webmd.com/depression/recognizing-depression-symptoms/common-causeshttp://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/501334http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286759-overviewhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286759-overviewhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286759-overview7/27/2019 Inggris 3-I (Ppt)
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6. Halverson JL. Depression Clinical Presentation. Availableat http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286759-clinical#showall. Accessed on June 12th 2011.
7. Chanin LR. An Overview of Insomnia. Available athttp://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/guide/insomnia-symptoms-and-causes.accessed on 18th June 2011.
8. Benbadis SR. Insomnia Clinical Presentation. Available athttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overview. accessed on 19th 2011. Accessed on June 20th2011.
9. Benbadis SR. Insomnia Due to Mental Disorder. Availableat http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overview#showall. Accessed on June 20th 2011.
10. Jaret P. Depression and Insomnia. Available at
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overview. Accessed on June 20th 2011.11. McCall WP. Exploring the Relationship Between Insomnia
and Depression Insomnia as a Precursor of Depression.Available athttp://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/581779_2.
Accessed on June 2o
th
2011.
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286759-clinicalhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286759-clinicalhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286759-clinicalhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286759-clinicalhttp://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/guide/insomnia-symptoms-and-causeshttp://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/guide/insomnia-symptoms-and-causeshttp://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/guide/insomnia-symptoms-and-causeshttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overview.%20accessed%20on%2019th%202011http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overview.%20accessed%20on%2019th%202011http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overview.%20accessed%20on%2019th%202011http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overview.%20accessed%20on%2019th%202011http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overview.%20accessed%20on%2019th%202011http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overviewhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overviewhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overviewhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overviewhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overviewhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overviewhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overviewhttp://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/581779_2http://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/581779_2http://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/581779_2http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overviewhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overviewhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overviewhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overviewhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overviewhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overviewhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overview.%20accessed%20on%2019th%202011http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overview.%20accessed%20on%2019th%202011http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overview.%20accessed%20on%2019th%202011http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overview.%20accessed%20on%2019th%202011http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overview.%20accessed%20on%2019th%202011http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1187829-overview.%20accessed%20on%2019th%202011http://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/guide/insomnia-symptoms-and-causeshttp://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/guide/insomnia-symptoms-and-causeshttp://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/guide/insomnia-symptoms-and-causeshttp://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/guide/insomnia-symptoms-and-causeshttp://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/guide/insomnia-symptoms-and-causeshttp://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/guide/insomnia-symptoms-and-causeshttp://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/guide/insomnia-symptoms-and-causeshttp://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/guide/insomnia-symptoms-and-causeshttp://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/guide/insomnia-symptoms-and-causeshttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286759-clinicalhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286759-clinicalhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/286759-clinical7/27/2019 Inggris 3-I (Ppt)
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