Download - ANALISIS KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA KARYAWAN PADA CV. SUMBER PLASTIK

7/31/2019 ANALISIS KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS KERJA KARYAWAN PADA CV. SUMBER PLASTIK

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AFA M

ZNDEFG^@^FD

F$ @fufq An`fcfdl Hf{f`fg

Cnhfb~fd m`h~ efd uncdi`ilm un`fg hndeiqidl znqu~ha~gfd ncidihm efd

cnhfb~fd e~dmf em{n`~q~g dnlfqf$ Cnhfb~fd unq{na~u hnhaf|f {na~fg |fkfdf

afq~ fcfd anlmu~ zndumdld}f uncdi`ilm ef`fh cngme~zfd hfd~{mf$ Zndll~dffd

hn{md, znqf`fufd cnqbf, unhzfu cnqbf {nquf ndumuf{ `fmd ef`fh {~fu~ zqi{n{ zqie~c{m,

u~q~u hnhznqknzfu zqi{n{ znqu~ha~gfd efd znqcnhafdlfd mde~{uqm$

An{fqd}f mde~{uqm }fdl anqcnhafdl {ffu mdm, {nkfqf `fdl{~dl anqefhzfc

zfef zn`~fdl cnqbf zfef {ncuiq({ncuiq mde~{uqm unq{na~u$ Em {fu~ {m{m {~hanq ef}f

{nznqum ufdfg, lne~dl, hn{md, znqf`fufd, afgfd hndufg efd {~hanq ef}f hfd~{mf

hnq~zfcfd {~fu~ f{{nu }fdl hnde~c~dl znd~g zqie~cum muf{ cnqbf cfq}f|fd,

dfh~d em{m{m `fmd gf` mdm u~q~u z~`f hnhznqan{fq umdlcfu qn{mci ~du~c unqbfemd}f

cnkn`fcffd cnqbf ' \iqc Fkkmendu - }fdl emh~dlcmd unqbfem zfef undflf cnqbf$

Ef`fh {~fu~ zqi{n{ zqie~c{m undu~d}f fcfd hn`mafucfd mdunqfc{m fdufqf

zncnqbf, afgfd afc~ efd znqf`fufd$ Mdunqfc{m unq{na~u undu~d}f fcfd hndmha~`cfd

{~fu~ afgf}f efd qn{mci aflm zncnqbf, znq~{fgffd hf~z~d hf{}fqfcfu {ncmufqd}f$

^du~c hnhmdmhf`cfd qm{mci cnkn`fcffd efd znd}fcmu fcmafu cnqbf, hfcf znq`~

emcnufg~md}f umdlcfu qm{mci hn`f`~m cnlmfufdqm{c f{{n{hndu zndnufzfd cidunc{,

mendumomcf{m qn{mci, n f`~f{m {nquf umdefcfd zndlndef`mfd ~du~c hndl~qfdlm efd

hnhznqcnkm` qn{mci cnkn`fcffd cnqbf$


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K_$ [~hanq Z`f{umc hnq~zfcfd znq~{fgffd }fdl anqlnqfc emamefdl

znha~fufd ambm z`f{umc efd zndllm`mdlfd z`f{umc, }fdl anqzqie~c{m anqef{fqcfd

zn{fdfd HUI ' Hfcn Ui Iqenq -$ Zn{fdfd }fdl emunqmhf anqf{f` efqm zndli`fg ambm

z`f{umc$ Ef`fh hnhnd~gm zn{fdfd }fdl emunqmhf, cfq}f|fd {nqmdl hndlf`fhm

cnkn`fcffd cnqbf$ Bndm{ cnkn`fcffd }fdl afd}fc unqbfem fef`fg cnkn`fcffd qmdlfd

{nznqum bfqm unqziuidl, cfcm unq`~cf cfqndf an{m unqbfu~g, unqumhzf umha~dfd afgfd

z`f{umc, e``$ Gf` mdm em{nafacfd zfqf zncnqbf umefc hndll~dfcfd {fqfdf efd

zqf{fqfdf }fdl em{nemfcfd i`ng zmgfc znq~{fgffd {nznqum f`fu zn`mde~dl emqm }fdl

anql~df ~du~c hnde~c~dl cn{n`fhfufd cnqbf$

Cfq}f|fd gfq~{ {n`f`~ emmdlfucfd fcfd zndumdld}f cn{n`fhfufd efd

cn{ngfufd ef`fh ancnqbf, ~du~c mu~ znq`~ fefd}f zqi{ne~q qn{hm unqu~`m{ efd

zndmdlcfufd cn{fefqfd cnzfef cfq}f|fd fcfd zndumdld}f f`fu cnfhfdfd zfef

{ffu ancnqbf {ngmdllf hnhmdmhf`cfd unqbfemd}f cnkn`fcffd cnqbf }fdl {nkfqf

`fdl{~dl fcfd anqzndlfq~g unqgfefz zqie~cum muf{ cnqbf cfq}f|fd$

Cnkn`fcffd cnqbf |f`f~z~d cnkm` fcfd unufz hndllfdll~ cn`fdkfqfd

zqi{n{ zqie~c{m efd hndmha~`cfd cnq~lmfd$ Cnq~lmfd }fdl emumha~`cfd efzfu

anq{mofu `fdl{~dl efzfu unq`mgfu efqm fefd}f kmenqf fuf~z~d cnhfumfd efd q~{fcd}f

{fqfdf zqie~c{m, {nefdlcfd cnq~lmfd }fdl anq~zf znd~q~dfd zqie~cum muf{ fuf~

u~q~dd}f kmuqf znq~{fgffd hnq~zfcfd cnq~lmfd }fdl anq{mofu umefc `fdl{~dl

'[~hfh~q, 1::;-$

[nmqmdl endlfd znqcnhafdlfd mde~{uqm, efd uncdi`ilm }fdl {fdlfu zn{fu,

emznq`~cfd zndmdlcfufd znq`mde~dlfd aflm undflf cnqbf unqgfefz cn{n`fhfufd efd

cn{ngfufd cnqbf, hndlmdlfu qn{mci }fdl em{nafacfd k~c~z an{fq, umefc gfd}f


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hnq~lmcfd zncnqbf unufzm b~lf aflm znq~{fgffd$ Hfcf znd~`m{ hn`fc~cfd

zndn`mumfd endlfd b~e~` 2 Fdf`m{m{ Cn{n`fhfufd efd Cn{ngfufd Cnqbf

Unqgfefz Zqie~cumvmuf{ Cnqbf Cfq}f|fd Zfef K_$ [~hanq Z`f{umc$

A$ Q~h~{fd Hf{f`fg

Anqef{fqcfd `fufq an`fcfdl hf{f`fg emfuf{ hfcf znq~h~{fd hf{f`fg zfef

zndn`mumfd mdm fef`fg fef umefcd}f zndlfq~g zndnqfzfd cn{n`fhfufd efd cn{ngfufd

cnqbf unqgfefz zqie~cum muf{ cnqbf zfef cfq}f|fd em K_$ [~hanq Z`f{umc$

K$ U~b~fd Zndn`mumfd

Umdlcfu cn{n`fhfufd efd cn{ngfufd cnqbf }fdl umdllm efzfu hndkmzufcfd

cidem{m }fdl hnde~c~dl cnd}fhfdfd {nquf {nhfdlfu cnqbf, emhfdf zfqf zncnqbf

efzfu `namg anqcid{nduqf{m efd anq{nhndlfu ef`fh hn`fc~cfd zncnqbffdd}f

{ngmdllf zqie~cum muf{ zfqf zncnqbf fcfd hndmdlcfu endlfd umdlcfu nom{mnd }fdl

umdllm z~`f$

Zndn`mumfd mdm anqu~b~fd 2

6$ Hndlnufg~m zndlfq~g zndnqfzfd cn{n`fhfufd efd cn{ngfufd cnqbf

unqgfefz zqie~cum muf{ cnqbf cfq}f|fd$

1$ Hndlnufg~m fzfcfg fef g~a~dlfd fdufqf oqnc~nd{m)cncnqfzfd cnkn`fcffd

cnqbf, {n nqmu})cnzfqfgfd cnkn`fcffd cnqbf, dm`fm u {n`fhfu endlfd

zie~cum muf{ cnqbf cnq}f|fd$

;$ Hndlnufg~m an{fqd}f zqie~cum muf{ cnqbf cfq}f|fd


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E$ Znhafuf{fd Hf{f`fg

[~zf}f znhafgf{fd }fdl em`fc~cfd ef`fh zndn`mumfd mdm efzfu unqfqfg efd

umefc hnd}mhzfdl efqm zicic znqhf{f`fgfd, hfcf znq`~ em`fc~cfd znhafuf{fd

{naflfm anqmc~u 2

6$ Zndn`mumfd gfd}f em`fc~cfd em K_$ [~hanq Z`f{umc$

1$ Zndn`mumfd mdm hn`mz~um ofcuiq(ofcuiq fdufqf `fmd 2

f$ B~h`fg cnkn`fcffd cnqbf

a$ B~h fg gm fdld}f bfh cnqbf fcmafu cnkn`fcffd cnqbf

k$ Ufdzf hndlgmu~dl cfzf{muf{ zqie~c{m znqufg~d

;$ Efuf cnkn`fcffd }fdl emfham` fef`fg cnkn`fcffd cnqbf > ufg~d h~`fm

ufg~d 1::5(1::7$

5$ Zndl~c~qfd zqie~cum muf{ em`fc~cfd anqef{fqcfd b~h`fg gm`fdld}f bfh

cnqbf endlfd b~h`fg bfh cnqbf cfq}f|fd$

F{~h{m(f{~h{m 2

6$ B~h`fg gm`fdld}f |fcu~ cnqbf fef fg gm fdld}f |fcu~ cnqbf fcmafu

cnkn`fcffd cnqbf$

1$ B~h fg bfh cnqbf cfq}f|fd emfdllfz umefc fef |fcu~ hndlfdll~q cfqndf

{nzm iqenq fuf~ cfqndf unq`fhafu hfunqmf` fuf~ b~h`fg iqenq {fhf {numfz

ufg~d$

;$ Cihznund{m cfq}f|fd em{fhf qfufcfd$


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N$ Hnuiei`ilm Zndn`mumfd

Zfef znd~`m{fd {cqmz{m mdm fef ananqfzf gf` ' Hnuien - }fdl em`fc~cfd

znd~`m{, }fmu~ {naflfm anqmc~u 2

6$ [~q nm @fzfdlfd ' Ia{nq f{m @fzfdlfd -

Hnuien mdm em`fc~cfd ~du~c hnhznqi`ng efuf(efuf {nquf mdoiqhf{m {nkfqf

`fdl{~dl efd fc~qfu hndlndfm iabnc {nkfqf `fdl{~dl em`fzfdlfd$

1$ Zndn`mumfd Z~{ufcf ' [u~e} @mdmnq -

]fdl emhfc{~e endlfd zndn`mumfd z~{ufcf fef`fg hnuien zndl~hz~`fd

efuf }fdl em`fc~cfd endlfd kfqf zndl~hz~`fd efuf efd mdoiqhf{m endlfd

afdu~fd anqhfkfh(hfkfh {~hanq, {nznqum a~c~(a~c~ qnonqnd{m$

O$ [m{unhfumcf Znd~`m{fd

AFA M ZNDEFG^@^FD

Zfef afa mdm embn`f{cfd hndlndfm `fufq an`fcfdl hf{f`fg,

u~b~fd znd~`m{fd, hnuien zndn`mumfd, afuf{fd zndn`mumfd efd

{m{unhfumcf znd~`m{fd$

AFA MM @FDEF[FD UNIQM

Zfef afa mdm anqm{m undufdl uniqm gf{m` `munqfu~q hf~z~d

{~hanq({~hanq unqu~`m{ }fdl hnq~zfcfd gf{m` {u~em z~{ufcf

{naflfm `fdef{fd }fdl fcfd eml~dfcfd$

AFA MMM HNUIEI@ILM ZNDN@MUMFD

Zfef afa mdm hn`mz~um uncdmc zndl~hz~`fd efuf, zndli`fgfd

efuf, fdf`m{f efd emflfqfh znd}n`n{fmfd hf{f`fg$


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AFA M_ ZNDL^HZ^@FD EFD ZNDLI@FGFD EFUF

Zfef afa mdm efzfu emcnufg~m efd fdf`m{f hndlndfm efuf

}fdl un`fg emi`fg efd cnh~emfd em`fc~cfd zndl~qfmfd }fdl

eml~dfcfd {naflfm `fdlcfg ~du~c znhnkfgfd hf{f`fg$

AFA _ FDF@M[M[

Zfef afa mdm anqm{m fdf`m{m{ }fdl emznqi`ng efqm zndli`fgfd

efuf {nquf znqgmu~dlfd }fdl em`fc~cfd cnh~emfd ema~fu

znqndkfdffd {n{~fm endlfd gf{m` efqm zndli`fgfd efuf$

AFA _M CN[MHZ^@FD EFD [FQFD

Zfef afa mdm anqm{mcfd cn{mhz~`fd }fdl emznqi`ng efqm gf{m`

fdf`m{f efuf ~du~c hnhanqmcfd hf{~cfd(hf{~cfd fuf~

{fqfd }fdl efzfu anqhfdoffu afmc aflm znd~`m{ hf~z~d aflm

zmgfc znq~{fgffd$


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$ Hnha~fu znq{}fqfufd unqgfefz znhan`mfd f fu$

?$ Hndl~qfdlm |fcu~ znhfzfqfd$


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7$ F`fu zn`mde~dl emqm, hnq~zfcfd ufgfz unqfcgmq efqm zndlndef mfd,

am`f ~zf}f `fmdd}f umefc hnhnd~gm u~b~fd hndlgm`fdlcfd fuf~z~d

hndl~qfdlm qn{mci {nkfqf hfc{mhf` 'C~{~hf, 1::1-$

5$ Zndlndef mfd Iznqf{midf` Cn{n`fhfufd efd Cn{ngfufd Cnqbf

Zndlnde`mfd iznqf{midf` cn{n`fhfufd efd cn{ngfufd cnqbf ef`fh

`mdlc~dlfd znq~{fgffd endlfd hnhanqmcfd cnundu~fd {nznqum emaf|fg mdm2

f$ [n`~q~g cfq}f|fd K_$ [~hanq Z f{umc, [~aciduqfcuiq,

Hfgf{m{|f){m{|f }fdl hn`fc~cfd zqfcunc cnqbf `fzfdlfd em

`mddlc~dlfd K_$[~hanq Z`f{umc emanqmcfd znhfgfhfd hndlndfm

cn{n`fhfufd efd cn{ngfufd cnqbf$

a$ Hn`fc~cfd fdf`m{f cnkn`fcffd cnqbf }fdl unqbfem efd hnhf{umcfd

umdefcfd znqafmcfd em`fc{fdfcfd$

k$ Hn`fc~cfd znhnqmc{ffd ~du~c znqf`fufd cnqbf efd hnhf{umcfd

umdefcfd znqafmcfd em`fc{fdfcfd$

e$ Hndlmendumomcf{m ziund{m afgf}f }fdl fef em`mdlc~dlfd cnqbf K_$

[~hanq Z`f{umc efd hn`fc~cfd zndm`fmfd qn{mci ~du~c {numfz

zncnqbffd }fdl anqefhzfc afgf}f$

n$ Hnhf{umcfd F fu Zn`mde~dl emqm 'FZE- {n{~fm {ufdefq efd

eml~dfcfd endlfd andfq$

o$ Hn`fc~cfd fdum{mzf{m }fdl efzfu hndmha~`cfd afgf}f aflm

zncnqbf zfef {ffu ancnqbf$


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Gf` `fmd }fdl em`fc~cfd znq~{fgffd fef`fg hn`fc~cfd zndm`fmfd

qn{mci unqgfefz {~hanq qn{mci }fdl h~dlcmd hndmha~`cfd cnkn`fcffd$

Gf` mu~ em`fc~cfd endlfd hnhandu~c umh zndm`fmfd qn{mci, unqemqm efqm

fdlliuf }fdl anqzndlf`fhfd {n{~fm endlfd amefdld}f$

>$ F fu Zn`mde~dl Emqm

Cnhfb~fd uncdi`ilm }fdl an{fq unqd}fuf hnhaf|f efhzfc dnlfumo

unqgfefz zncnqbf }fdl anq~zf cnkn`fcffd znd}fcmu fcmafu cnqbf$ ^{fgf

uncdm{ uncdi`ilm ef fh zndknlfgfd cnkn`fcfd efd znd}fcmu fcmafu cnqbf

fef`fg zf`mdl ~ufhf, unufzm ~{fgf(~{fgf {~a{umu~{m, n`mhmdf{m, zndlndef`mfd

fehmdm{uqfumo efd `fmd {naflfmd}f an`~h efzfu em`fc~cfd {nkfqf afmc,

cfqndf fefd}f cnunqafuf{fd(cnunqafuf{fd efqm zmgfc znq~{fgffd ef`fh

hndlfdum{mzf{m ziund{m afgf}f, {ngmdllf ~zf}f unqfcgmq }fdl emfdb~qcfd

fef`fg zndll~dffd f`fu zn`mde~dl emqm 'FZE- {naflfm ~{fgf unqh~efg

emafdemdlcfd endlfd zndlndef`mfd ']fdqm, 1::6-$

?$ Hfkfh(Hfkfh F`fu Zn`mde~dl Emqm

Ef`fh ananqfzf FZE znq`~ emzm`mg {nkfqf gfum(gfum flfq hnhnd~gm

ananqfzf cnundu~fd }fmu~ 2

f$ F`fu zn`mde~dl emqm gfq~{ efzfu hnhanqmcfd znq`mde~dlfd }fdl

c~fu unqgfefz afgf}f }fdl {zn{momc fuf~ afgf}f }fdl emgfefzm i`ng

undflf cnqbf$


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a$ Anqfu f fu gndefcd}f {nqmdlfd h~dlcmd, efd f`fu unq{na~u umefc

hnd}nafacfd qf{f cnumefcd}fhfdfd }fdl anq`namgfd$

k$ F`fu gfq~{ efzfu emzfcfm {nkfqf o`nc{man`$

e$ Andu~cd}f gfq~{ k~c~z hndfqmc$

n$ F`fu zn`mde~dl ufgfd ~du~c znhfcfmfd }fdl fhf$

o$ F`fu umefc hndmha~`cfd afgf}f(afgf}f ufhafgfd aflm

znhfcfmd}f, }fdl emcfqndf andu~c efd afgf}fd}f }fdl umefc unzfu

fuf~ cfqndf {f`fg ef`fh zndll~dffdd}f$

l$ F`fu zn`mde~dl gfq~{ hnhnd~gm {ufdefq }fdl un`fg fef$

g$ F`fu unq{na~u, umefc hnhafuf{m lnqfcfd efd znq{nz{m {nd{iqm{

znhfcfmfdd}f$

m$ [~c~ kfefdld}f gfq~{ h~efg emefzfu$

Hnd~q~u uniqm ]fdqm, 1::6 fef k~c~z afd}fc bndm{ f`fu zn`mde~dl

emqm unufzm }fdl zf`mdl {nqmdl eml~dfcfd em znq~{fgffd fef`fg {naflfm

anqmc~u 2

6$ F fu Zn`mde~dl Cnzf f

f$ Uizm zn`mde~dl 'Gn`h-

Emzfcfm ~du~c hn`fc{fcfd u~lf{ ef`fh zfaqmc efd `mdlc~dlfd

zfaqmc anql~df ~du~c hn`mde~dlm cnzf`f efqm andef(andef

cnqf{ }fdl unqbfu~g, z~c~`fd fuf~ andu~qfd andef(andef$ Uizm

zndlfhfd efzfu unqa~fu efqm anqaflfm afgfd hm{f`d}f 2 z`f{umc

omanql`f{{, afcn`mun$ Uizm }fdl ema~fu efqm afcn`mun ndfc

emzfcfm, qmdlfd efd hnhz~d}fm ef}f ufgfd unqgfefz andu~qfd


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fuf~ z~c~`fd andef(andef cnqf{ }fdl {fdlfu umdllm {nquf umefc

hndlf`mqcfd `m{uqmc$ Uizm }fdl unqa~fu efqm kfhz~qfd omanql`f{{

efd z`f{umc {fdlfu ufgfd unqgfefz f{fh efd af{f$

a$ U~u~z cnzf`f

Anql~df ~du~c hn`mde~dlm cnzf`f efqm cnafcfqfd ciqi{mu,

zfdf{)emdlmd$ U~u~z cnzf`f mdm efzfu unqa~fu efqm f{an{ui{, c~`mu

efd cfmd ufgfd fmq, efd cfmd cg~{~{ ufgfd fzm$

k$ Gfu{)Kfz

Anql~df ~du~c hn`mde~dlm cnzf`f fuf~ qfha~u efqm ciuiqfd

ena~ hn{md anqz~ufq }fdl amf{fd}f unqa~fu efqm cfmd cfu~d$

1$ F fu Zn`mde~dl Hfuf

[f`fg {fu~ hf{f`fg unq{~`mu ef`fh zndknlfgfd cnkn`fcffd

fef`fg cnkn`fcffd }fdl hndmhzf hfuf$ Iqfdl }fdl umefc unqamf{f

endlfd cfkf hfuf amf{fd}f umefc hnhfcfm znq`mde~dlfd unq{na~u

endlfd f`f{fd hndllfdl~ zn`fc{fdffd zncnqbf efd hndl~qfdlm

cndmchfufd cnqbf$ Cfkf hfuf zndlfhfd emznq`~cfd ~du~c

hn`mde~dlm hfuf efqm cnh~dlcmdfd cidufc endlfd afgf}f, cfqndf

unqznqkmc fuf~ cnhf{~cfd ena~, lf{, ~fz, efd `fmd(`fmd$ F`fu

zn`mde~dl hfuf unqefzfu e~f andu~c }fmu~ 2

f$ [znkufk`n{

Anql~df ~du~c hn`mde~dlm hfuf efqm znqumcn`(znqumcn` cnkm`,

ena~, efd qfemf{m ln`ihafdl n`ncuqihfldnumc$


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a$ Lill`n{

Eml~dfcfd ~du~c hn`mde~dlm hfuf efqm lf{, ~fz, ena~, efd

znqkmcfd `fq~ufd cmhmf$ Lill`n{ ~h~hd}f c~qfdl emhmdfum

cfqndf {n`fmd umefc fhfd f`fu mdm b~lf hnd~u~zm hfuf unq`f`~

qfzfu, {ngmdllf umefc fef ndum`f{m emef`fh, {ngmdllf `nd{f

hfuf h~efg hndlnha~d$ @nd{f cfkf hfuf hf~z~d lill`n{

efzfu unqa~fu efqm anqaflfm bndm{ afgfd }fmu~ z`f{umc }fdl

uqfd{zfqfd fuf~ cfkf$

;$ F`fu Zn`mde~dl Un`mdlf

F`fu zn`mde~dl un`mdlf anql~df ~du~c hndl~qfdlm mdund{muf{

{~fqf }fdl hf{~c cnef`fh un`mdlf$ F`fu zn`mde~dl un`mdlf gfq~{

eml~dfcfd zfqf cfq}f|fd }fdl ancnqbf em{ncmufq hn{md fuf~ f`fu

}fdl umdlcfu cnam{mdlfdd}f hn`namgm 7> eA$ F`fu mdm efzfu

emanefcfd hndbfem e~f bndm{ }fmu~ 2

f$ Nfq z`~l '[~hafu Un`mdlf-

Eml~dfcfd emunhzfu cnqbf endlfd mdund{muf{ cnam{mdlfd fdufqf

7> eA => eA, endlfd ef}f `mde~dld}f fdufqf 1> eA ;: eA$

Hnd~q~u kfqf zfcfmd}f emanefcfd fuf{ 2

[nhm md{nqu u}zn, }fmu~ bndm{ {~hafu un`mdlf }fdl gfd}f

hnd}~hafu `~afdl hf{~c un`mdlf `~fq$

Md{nqu u}zn, bndm{ {~hafu un`mdlf }fdl hnd~u~zm {n`~q~g

un`mdlf `~fq$


15/70

6>

a$ Nfq h~oo 'U~u~z Un`mdlf-

U~u~z un`mdlf ' Nfq H~oo - unqemqm efqm e~f a~fg `~afdl ~du~c

hnd~u~z un`mdlf, efzfu anq~zf a~{f }fdl anqo~dl{m ~du~c

hnd}nqfz {~fqf oqnc~nd{m umdllm$ Ef}f `mde~dld}f fdufqf ;:

5: eA$

Cn~du~dlfd efqm ' Nfq H~oo - fef`fg 2

f$ [fu~ ~c~qfd u~u~z un`mdlf efzfu eml~dfcfd i`ng ananqfzf

iqfdl endlfd ~c~qfd un`mdlf }fdl anqanef(anqanef

a$ H~efg hnhidmuiq znhfcfmfdd}f }fdl em`fc~cfd i`ng

zndlf|f{

k$ Efzfu emzfcfm i`ng un`mdlf }fdl unqcndf mdonc{m 'qmdlfd-

e$ Umefc h~efg gm`fdl

Cnq~lmfdd}f fef`fg 2

f$ Umefc d}fhfd emzfcfm emunhzfu }fdl zfdf{

a$ Noncum muf{ efd cnd}fhfdfd znhfcfmfdd}f emzndlfq~gm

i`ng znhfcfmfd cfkf hfuf, u~u~z cnzf`f, fdumdl, efd qfha~u

}fdl hnd~u~zm un`mdlf

k$ Qn`fumo umefc h~efg emaf|f fuf~ em{mhzfd Efzfu

hnhafuf{m lnqfcfd cnzf`f zfef q~fdl cnqbf }fdl flfc

{nhzmu

e$ Gfqlfd}f qn`fumo `namg hfgf` efqm {~hafu un`mdlf


16/70

6?

5$ F`fu Zn`mde~dl Znqdfzf{fd

Bndm{ f`fu zn`mde~dl znqdfzf{fd }fdl unzfu gfq~{

eml~dfcfd i`ng {nh~f cfq}f|fd, bmcf {nefdl hn`fc~cfd zncnqbffd

}fdl efzfu hndmha~`cfd afgf}f aflm znqdfzf{fd$ F`fu mdm anql~df

~du~c hn`mde~dlm znqdfzf{fd unqgfefz lf{, ~fz, ena~, fuf~ ~efqf

}fdl unqcidufhmdf{m emunhzfu cnqbf }fdl efzfu anq{mofu qfk~d$ F`fu

zn`mde~dl znqdfzf{fd efzfu emanefcfd fuf{ 2

f$ Hf{cnq

^du~c hn`mde~dlm hndl~qfdlm ena~ efd zfqumcn` `namg an{fq

hf{~c cnef`fh znqdfzf{fd$ Amf{fd}f unqa~fu efqm cfmd$ Hf{cnq

afd}fc bndm{d}f emfdufqfd}f hf{cnq `f{ `m{uqmc, hf{cnq h~cf,

hf{cnq gme~dl fuf~ h~`~u$

a$ Qn{zmqfuiq

Anql~df ~du~c hn`mde~dlm znqdfzf{fd efqm ena~, cfa~u, ~fz,

`ilfh, f{fz, efd lf{ ']fdqm, 1::6-$

>$ F`fu Zn`mde~dl Cfcm '[nzfu~-

Anql~df ~du~c hn`mde~dlm cfcm efqm afgf}f cnbfu~gfd

andef(andef anqfu, cnznqkmcfd `fq~ufd f{fh efd af{f }fdl ciqi{mo

fuf~ kfmqfd }fdl zfdf{, unqmdbfc andef(andef ufbfh$ [nzfu~

zndlfhfd efzfu emanefcfd hnd~q~u bndm{ zncnqbffd {naflfm

anqmc~u2


17/70

6 kh$

a- [nzfu~ cg~{~{ ~du~c cn{n`fhfufd cnqbf emunhzfu cnqbf }fdl

}fdl hndlfde~dl afgf}f zn`nefcfd, {nzfu~ mdm umefc ai`ng

hnhfcfm zfc~(zfc~ }fdl efzfu hndmha~`cfd znqkmcfd fzm$

k- [nzfu~ cfqnu fdum n`ncui{ufumc eml~dfcfd ~du~c hn`mde~dlm

zncnqbf efqm afgf}f `m{uqmc g~a~dlfd zndenc, {nzfu~ mdm gfq~{

ufgfd unqgfefz fq~{ `m{uqmc 6:$::: i`u {n`fhf ; hndmu$

e- [nzfu~ aflm zncnqbf afdl~dfd endlfd qn{mci afgf}f unqmdbfc

andef(andef ufbfh, cnbfu~gfd andef(andef anqfu efzfu ema~fu

{nzfu~ efqm c~`mu }fdl em`ndlcfzm endlfd afbf zfef ~b~dld}f

~du~c hn`mde~dlm bfqm(bfqm cfcm ']fdqm, 1::6-$

?$ Zfcfmfd Zn`mde~dl

Zfcfmfd zn`mde~dl eml~dfcfd ef`fh hn`fc{fdfcfd u~lf{

{n`fhf bfe|f` cnqbfd}f, efzfu anqandu~c Fzqid }fdl hnd~u~zm

{naflmfd u~a~g h~`fm efqm efef {fhzfm `~u~u efd ivnqf`` }fdl

hnd~u~zm {n`~q~g afefd$ Zfcfmfd zn`mde~dl anql~df ~du~c

hn`mde~dlm znhfcfmfd efqm znqkmcfd kfmqfd, fzm, `fq~ufd afgfd

cmhmf ciqi{mo, {nquf k~fkf cnqbf 'zfdf{, emdlmd,efd cn`nhafafd-$

Fzqid efzfu ema~fu efqm cfmd, c~`mu, z`f{umc, f{an{, fuf~ cfmd }fdl

em`fzm{m f`~h~dm~h$


18/70

67


19/70

6=

a$ Hnd}nemfcfd ciufc Z;C }fdl anql~df aflm zncnqbf ~du~c

hndliafum `~cf(`~cf cnkm` fuf~ efzfu {naflfm znqui`idlfd znqufhf

bmcf unqbfem cnkn`fcffd$

1- Zqi{ne~q Zndknlfgfd Cnkn`fcffd Cnqbf efd Cnafcfqfd

^du~c hndknlfg unqbfemd}f cnkn`fcffd cnqbf efd cnafcfqfd,

hfcf zmgfc znq~{fgffd hnhanqmcfd cnambfcfd(cnambfcfd {naflfm

anqmc~u 2

f$ Hn{md {nun`fg eml~dfcfd gfq~{ emhfumcfd, emanq{mgcfd, efd

em{mhzfd cnhaf`m zfef unhzfud}f$

a$ Zfqf zncnqbf ef`fh hn`fc~cfd u~lf{d}f gfq~{ hn`fc~cfdd}f

{n{~fm endlfd zqi{ne~q }fdl un`fg emunufzcfd$

k$ Am`f unqbfem cnq~{fcfd zfef hn{md(hn{md fuf~ znqf`fufd, zncnqbf

|fbma hn`fziqcfdd}f cnzfef fuf{fdd}f$

e$ Zfqf zncnqbf |fbma hndll~dfcfd f`fu(f fu zndlfhfd }fdl

emanqmcfd i`ng zmgfc znq~{fgffd zfef |fcu~ ancnqbf$

n$ Zncnqbf gfq~{ hnd}mhzfd cnhaf`m afgfd(afgfd }fdl h~efg

unqafcfq cnunhzfu znd}mhzfdfd }fdl un`fg em{nemfcfd$

;- Kfqf du~c Hndfdll~ fdlm Unqbfemd}f Cnafcfqfd

Fzfam`f zncnqbf hn`fc~cfd cnknqiaigfd }fdl hnd}nafacfd

unqbfemd}f cnafcfqfd }fdl umefc efzfu emgmdefqm, hfcf zncnqbf unq{na~u

un`fg emanqm `fumgfd ~du~c hndll~dfcfd f`fu znhfefh cnafcfqfd }fdl

un`fg em{nemfcfd i`ng zmgfc zfaqmc efd anq~{fgf ~du~c hndlfuf{m

cnafcfqfd em ef`fh zfaqmc$ Fzfam`f fzm unq~{ hndbf`fq cnunhzfu


20/70

1:

`fmdd}f zfqf zncnqbf umefc hfhz~ ~du~c hnhfefhcfdd}f hfcf

{nlnqf hndn`zid zmgfc znhfefh cnafcfqfd$ Gf` mu~ anql~df ~du~c

hndl~qfdlm cnq~lmfd zmgfc andlcn` efd hf{}fqfcfu }fdl fef

em{ncmufqd}f$

Zqi{ne~q(zqi{ne~q `fmdd}f }fdl emanqmcfd i`ng zmgfc zfaqmc

cnzfef zfqf zncnqbfd}f ~du~c hndfdll~`fdlm unqbfemd}f cnafcfqfd

fef`fg {naflfm anqmc~u 2

f$ Hnha~d}mcfd f`fqh cnafcfqfd$

a$ Hnd}mdlcmqcfd andef(andef }fdl h~efg unqafcfq$

k$ Hnhfumcfd hn{md fuf~ f`fu(f`fu }fdl {nefdl eml~dfcfd$

e$ Hnhfumcfd {fc`fq `m{uqmc$

n$ Hn`fziq cnzfef fuf{fd$

o$ Am f fef ciqafd, hfcf ciqafd {nlnqf emaf|f cnq~hfg {fcmu

unqencfu$

7$ ^zf}f(^zf}f Zn`fc{fdffd Zqilqfh Cn{n`fhfufd efd Cn{ngfufd

Cnqbf

Anqef{fqcfd enomdm{m }fdl ema~fu Bimdu Kihhmun M@I \GI

Ikk~zfumidf` Gnf`u fde [fonu} hnd}fufcfd afg|f cn{n`fhfufd efd

cn{ngfufd cnqbf fef`fg em{mz`md m`h~ unqfzfd }fdl anqu~b~fd hndkmzufcfd

{m{unh cnqbf }fdl fhfd ' [fonu} \iqc [}{unh - efd hndbfhmd unqkmzufd}f

cn{nbfgunqffd zncnqbf ef`fh hn`fc{fdfcfd zncnqbffdd}f {nmqmdl endlfd

~{fgf znq~{fgffd fuf~ iqlfdm{f{m ef`fh hndmdlcfucfd zqie~cum muf{ cnqbf$


21/70

16

Zfef K_$ [~hanq Z`f{umc ~zf}f(~zf}f }fdl em`fc~cfd ef`fh

hn`fc{fdfcfd zqilqfh cn{n`fhfufd efd cn{ngfufd cnqbf un`fg

em`fc{fdfcfd {n{~fm endlfd zneihfd, h~`fm efqm 2

6- Zndlf|f{fd cn{ngfufd

f- Hnha~fu fq{mz cn{ngfufd znqiqfdlfd$

a- Hndmdefc `fdb~um k~um {fcmu }fdl anq~`fdl(~`fdl)zfdbfdl$

k- Zndlndef mfd iafu unq`fqfdl efd hmd~hfd cnqf{$

1- Znhfduf~fd mdlc~dlfd cnqbf

f$ Znhnuffd unhzfu cnqbf efd znhfduf~fd umdlcfu zfzfqfd 2

6$ Znhanqmfd fu~qfd }fdl cnufu unqgfefz {fonu}$

1$ Znhanqmfd unl~qfd efd {fdl{m cnzfef {numfz zn`fdllfqfd

hndlndfm [fonu}$

a$ Hndlndef`mcfd afgf}f cn{ngfufd anqcndffd endlfd 2

6$ Cnam{mdlfd$

1$ [~hanq qfemi fcumo$

;$ Afgfd(afgfd fmd }fdl anqafgf}f aflm cn{ngfufd$

5$ Znd}nemffd f fu zn`mde~dl emqm

;- Znd}nemffd f`fu zn`mde~dl emqm

5- Znd}nemffd f fu znhfefh cnafcfqfd

>- Znhanqmfd bfhmdfd cn{ngfufd unqgfefz cfq}f|fd

?- Znhanqmfd lfdum q~lm fuf{ cnkn`fcffd zfef {ffu ancnqbf


22/70


23/70

1;

6$ Undflf cnqbf fdl{~dl

]fmu~ {~fu~ cfq}f|fd }fdl {nkfqf `fdl{~dl mc~u hnhzqie~c{m afqfdl,

}fdl bf{fd}f efzfu em~{~u {nkfqf `fdl{~dl zfef zqie~c{m efd ~zfgd}f

emznq`~cfd {naflfm amf}f undflf cnqbf `fdl{~dl {nquf emznqgmu~dlcfd

`fdl{~dl {naflfm n`nhnd amf}f zqie~c{m$

1$ Undflf cnqbf umefc `fdl{~dl

]fmu~ undflf cnqbf }fdl cf{~{d}f umefc {nkfqf `fdl{~dl efzfu em~{~u zfef

zqie~c{m ~zfg undflf cnqbf umefc `fdl{~dl efd hnq~zfcfd amf}f ivnqgnfe

zfaqmc 'H~`}fem, 6==:-$

K$ Cfqfcunqm{umc Zncnqbf

6$ ^h~q

^h~q hnhz~d}fm zndlfq~g zndumdl ef`fh unqbfemd}f cnkn`fcffd$ Fdlcf

unqfcgmq efqm {u~em em Fhnqmcf [nqmcfu, hndl~dlcfzcfd afg|f zfqf

zncnqbf ~{mf h~ef `namg afd}fc hndlf`fhm cnkn`fcfd emafdemdlcfd

zncnqbf }fdl `namg u~f 'C~{~hf, 1::1-$

1$ Zndlnqumfd Zndememcfd

Zndememcfd }fdl emhfc{~e fef`fg zndememcfd oiqhf` }fdl emznqi`ng

emafdlc~ {nci`fg$ Zndememcfd {n{niqfdl hndndu~cfd `~f{d}f zndlnufg~fd

{n{niqfdl emhfdf iqfdl }fdl anqzndememcfd qndefg {fdlfu {~`mu hndnqmhf

{n{~fu~ }fdl afq~$ Gf` mdm {nkfqf umefc `fdl{~dl anqzndlfq~g unqgfefz

zqm`fc~ zncnqbf$ Zqilqfh zndememcfd zncnqbf ef`fh amefdl cn{n`fhfufd

efd cn{ngfufd cnqbf efzfu hnhanqmcfd `fdef{fd }fdl hndef{fq, {ngmdllf


24/70

15

efzfu hn`fc~cfd zfqum{mzf{m {nkfqf noncumz ef`fh hndnh~cfd {ndemqm

znhnkfgfd hf{f`fg em unhzfu cnqbf$

;$ Hf{f Cnqbf

Hf{f cnqbf {n{niqfdl efzfu emcfmucfd endlfd zndlf`fhfd cnqbf {n{niqfdl

}fdl efzfu hnhzndlfq~gm cnkn`fcffd unq~ufhf zndlf`fhfd cnqbf ef`fh

gf` hnhznql~dfcfd anqaflfm hfkfh f`fu cnqbf, {nhfcmd `fhf cnqbf

{n{niqfdl hfcf zndlf`fhfd }fdl emznqi`ng {n|fcu~ cnqbf fcfd `namg

afd}fc, }fdl hnh~dlcmdcfd zncnqbf efzfu ancnqbf `namg fhfd$

E$ Uncdmc Fdf`m{f Efuf

[ufum{umc {nkfqf {nhzmu efzfu emfqumcfd {naflfm efuf$ Ef`fh fqum }fdl `~f{

{ufum{umc efzfu anqfqum {naflfm f`fu ~du~c 2 Hndndu~cfd {fhz`n, hndl~hz~`cfd

efuf, hnd}fbmcfd efuf, hndlfdf`m{f efuf efd hndlmdunqzqnuf{m efuf, {ngmdllf

hndbfem mdoiqhf{m }fdl anql~df$ Hnd~q~u 2 [~{ndi Gfem [ufum{umc Ef`fh

Zndmfmfd Zqilqfh C; $Fdeq}r [fon$ A`il{ziu$ Kih '1::=-$

6- [ufum{umc En{cqmzumo

[ufum{umc en{cqmzumo fef`fg {ufum{umc }fdl eml~dfcfd ~du~c hndllfhafqcfd

{~fu~ gf{m` ia{nq f{m fuf~ zndlfhfufd$ B~lf gf{m` fcgmqd}f umefc

eml~dfcfd ~du~c hndfqmc cn{mhz~`fd$

1- [ufum{umc Mdonqnd{mf`

[ufum{umc mdonqnd{mf` fef`fg {ufum{umc }fdl eml~dfcfd ~du~c hndlfdf`m{f

efuf)gf{m` ia{nq f{m efqm {fhz`n, }fdl emgf{m`d}f fcfd emlndnqf`m{f{mcfd

' emmdonqnd{mcfd- ~du~c ziz~`f{m emhfdf {fhz`n unq{na~u emfham`$


25/70

1>

;- [ufum{umc Ef fh Zndm`fmfd Cmdnqbf Zqilqfh C;

U~b~fd efd hfdoffu {ufum{umc ef`fh zndnqfzfd C; fef`fg eml~dfcfd ~du~c

hndm`fm IG[ Znqoiqhfdkn Zqilqfhmdl $ Endlfd hndll~dfcfd {ufum{umc

efzfu hnhanqmcfd hf{~cfd cn hfdfbnhnd hndlndfm umdlcfu cnkn`fcffd

cnqbf {nquf anqaflfm ofcuiq }fdl efzfu eml~dfcfd {naflfm ef{fq ~du~c

hndknlfg hnd~q~dd}f cmdnqbf C;$

[ufum{umc mdm efzfu eml~dfcfd ~du~c 2

f- Hndlmendumomcf{m dfmc u~q~dd}f 'uqnde - efqm {~fu~ umha~`d}f

cnkn`fcffd cnqbf$

a- Hndlnufg~m zndmdlcfufd fuf~ anqaflfm gf` }fdl hnhznqa~q~c cmdnqbf

C;$

k- Hnhafdemdlcfd cmdnqbf fdufqf unhzfu cnqbf efd mde~{uqm }fdl {nq~zf

' u( [fon [kiqn -$

e- Hnhanqmcfd mdoiqhf{m hndlndfm zqmiqmuf{ zndlf`icf{mfd efdf C;$

n- Hnhidmuiq cmdnqbf iqlfdm{f{m, cg~{~{d}f hndlndfm znq{}fqfufd ~du~c

znd}nemfd {m{umh )unhzfu cnqbf }fdl fhfd$

5- Bndm{(Bndm{ Zndnqfzfd [ufum{umc Ef fh F{znc C; 2

6$ Qfumi Cncnqfzfd Kmenqf ' Oqnv~nd{} Qfun -

Zndl~c~qfd umdlcfu cncnqfzfd kmenqf fcmafu cnkn`fcffd cnqbf,

efzfu emgmu~dl endlfd q~h~{ '1$6-, emaf|fg mdm 2

Cfq}f|fdCnqbfBfhB~h`fg6$:::$:::KmenqfB~h`fg

Oqnc~nd{m


26/70

1?

Oqnc~nd{m qfun eml~dfcfd ~du~c hndlmendumomcf{m b~h`fg kmenqf

}fdl hnd}nafacfd umefc am{f ancnqbf znq{nb~uf iqfdl zncnqbf$ Fef e~f

efuf zndumdl }fdl gfq~{ fef ~du~c hndlgmu~dl oqnc~nd{m qfun, }fmu~

b~h`fg kmenqf fcmafu cnkn`fcffd cnqbf efd b~h`fg bfh cnqbf iqfdl }fdl

un`fg em`fc~cfd ' Hfd Gi~q{ -$

Fdlcf kmenqf fcmafu cnkn`fcffd cnqbf emznqi`ng efqm kfufufd

hfdlcmqd}f undflf cnqbf fcmafu cnkn`fcffd cnqbf$ [nefdl b~h`fg bfh

cnqbf iqfdl }fdl unqzfzfq emznqi`ng i`ng efqm aflmfd fa{nd{m fuf~

znhaf}fqfd lfbm$ Am`f umefc hnh~dlcmdcfd, fdlcf mdm emgmu~dl endlfd

hndlf`mcfd bfh cnqbf diqhf` undflf cnqbf unqzfzfq, gfqm cnqbf }fdl

emunqfzcfd efd b~h`fg undflf cnqbf cn{n`~q~gfd }fdl anqn{mci$ Efzfu

emgmu~dl endlfd q~h~{ 2

Qfuf(qfuf gm`fdld}f |fcu~ cnqbf ' Fvnqfln Umhn @i{u Qfun)F@UQ-,

q~h~{ '1$1-, emaf|fg mdm 2

Cfq}f|fdCnqbfBfhB~h`fg6$:::$::Cnqbf\fcu~Gm`fdld}fB~h`fg

cnqbf|fcu~Gm`fdld}f

^c~qfd mdemcfuiq mdm {nqmdl em{na~u b~lf ' E~qfumid Qfun-

eml~dfcfd ~du~c hndlmdemcf{mcfd umdlcfu cnzfqfgfd {~fu~ cnkn`fcffd$

Emgmu~dl endlfd hnhaflm b~h`fg bfh fuf~ gfqm }fdl gm`fdl fcmafu

cnkn`fcffd endlfd b~h`fg bfh cnqbf cfq}f|fd znq {nb~uf bfh cnqbf

iqfdl$


27/70

1-$

O$ Ofcuiq(Ofcuiq }fdl Hnhzndlfq~gm Zqie~cumvmuf{

Hfd~{mf {fdlfu hnhnlfdl znqfdfd ~ufhf ef`fh zqi{n{ zndmdlcfufd

zqie~cum muf{, cfqndf f`fu zqie~c{m efd uncdi`ilm gf{m` cnqbf hfd~{mf$ Unufzm zfef

ef{fqd}f zndmdlcfufd zqie~cum muf{ umefc efzfu unqlfdu~dl gfd}f ofcuiq undflf

cnqbf {fbf, zndmdlcfufd zqie~cum muf{ emznql~dfcfd z~`f i`ng ananqfzf ofcuiq afmc

}fdl anqg~a~dlfd endlfd undflf cnqbf mu~ {ndemqm hf~z~d ofcuiq(ofcuiq `fmd$

Hnd~q~u En|fd Zqie~cum muf{ Df{midf` Ofcuiq(Ofcuiq unq{na~u fef`fg 2

f- Zndememcfd

a- Em{mz`md

k- Cnunqfhzm fd

e- [mcfz efd numcf cnqbf

n- Hium f{m

o- Lmrm efd cn{ngfufd

l- Umdlcfu zndlgf{m`fd

g- Bfh{i{unc

m- @mdlc~dlfd efd mc`mh cnqbf

b- Uncdi`ilm

c- Hfdfbnhnd


31/70

;6

`- Cn{nhzfufd anqzqn{uf{m

'[md~dlfd, 6==


32/70

;1

k$ [fu~fd \fcu~

]fdl eml~dfcfd cfq}f|fd ef`fh hndlnqbfcfd zncnqbffd emhfdf

|fcu~ unq{na~u am{f znqbfh, znqgfqm, znqhmdll~, efd znqa~`fd

'[md~dlfd, 6==


33/70

;;

5$ Zqfcunc cn{n`fhfufd cnqbf umefc efzfu emzm{fgcfd efqm cnunqfhzm`fd,

cne~fd}f {nbf`fd anqmqmdlfd$

>$ Cn{n`fhfufd cnqbf }fdl em`fc{fdfcfd {nafmc(afmcd}f endlfd zfqum{mzf{m

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39/70

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55/70

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61/70

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62/70

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63/70

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69/70

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70/70

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