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Page 1: 45267235 anatomi-fisiologi-sistem-pencernaan

Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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Sistem Pencernaan (Systema GastroIntestinalis)

Sistem Pencernaan (Systema GastroIntestinalis)

Dr. Arief Fatoni

2010

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Health Sciences Department, Rogers State University

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Obyektif Obyektif

Menerangkan fungsi pokok dari sistem Pencernaan

Mengidentifikasi alat-alat pokok dan alat-alat tambahan.

Menerangkan peranan hati dan kantong empedu dalam pencernaan

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Bertanggung jawab untuk menerima , mencerna , menyerap makanan,dan mengeluarkan sisa padat.

Saluran pencernaan (GI tract)

Alimentasi - untuk mencukupi gizi

Anatomy/PhysiologySistem Pencernaan

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ALAT PENCERNAAN TAMBAHAN

ALAT PENCERNAAN TAMBAHAN

Gigi / dentin Lidah / lingua Kelenjar ludah/ glandula salivarius Hati / hepar / liver Kantong empedu / vesica fellea/ gallbladder Pankreas / pancreas

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Rongga Mulut / Cavum OrisRongga Mulut / Cavum Oris Mulut (bucca, lingua)

• papillae Gigi

• mastikasi• dentin• pulp• gingiva

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LINGUALINGUA Papilla lingualis

• Papilla lingualis sircumvalata

• Papilla lingualis fungiformis

Tonsila lingualis

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Gigi Gigi Arcus maxillaris (atas) Arcus mandibularis (bawah)

• Gigi depan untuk menggigit dan merobek

• Gigi belakang untuk mengunyah dan menggiling

Gigi decidua - shedding Primer - 20 gigi Permanen - 32 gigi

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DENTSDENTS

Dents permanen Dents decidua Dents insicivus Dents caninus Dents premolar Dents molar

Superiordextra

Superiorsinistra

Inferiordextra

Inferiorsinistra

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Rongga Mulut / Cavum OrisRongga Mulut / Cavum Oris

Palatum, durum dan mole• bolus

Pharynx Uvula Esophagus Epiglottis

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EsophagusEsophagus

kerongkogan chyme cardiac, atau bawah

esophageal atau gastroesophageal sphincter

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Lambung / VentriculusLambung / Ventriculus

Corpus /Body, fundus

pylorus rugae Sphincter

pyloricum

Fundus

Body

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Usus Halus /IntestinumUsus Halus /Intestinum Usus kecil entero – usus kecil villi Bagian-bagian

• duodenum• jejunum• ileum

Valvula ileocecalis

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Usus besar Usus besar

Usus besar colon cecum Appendix vermiformis

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Colon• ascenden• Flexura hepatica• transversum• Flexura splenicum• descenden

Sigmoid Rectum Anus

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Fungsi• Menghasilkan empedu• glucose - glycogen• Menimbun vitamin, B12, A, D, E, K• erythrocytolysis (pigmen dilepas dieliminasi dalam empedu

disebut bilirubin)• bilirubin membuat warna tinja khas /gelap • Mengeluarkan toxin dari darah • Membuat protein darah

Hati / Hepar / liver

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HEPARHEPAR

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PankreasPankreas internal – fungsi endocrine

• insulin• glucogon

external – fungsi exocrine • amylase - karbihidrat• trypsin, chymotrypsin - protein• lipase – lemak

Enzyme tidak aktif sampai berada di duodenum

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PANKREASPANKREAS

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Kantong empedu Kantong empedu

Seperti buah pear – berbentuk kantong dibawah hati

chole berarti empedu Cyste berarti kantong atau saccus Kantong empedu berkontraksi mendorong

empedu keluar melelui ductus cysticus kedalam ductus biliverus communis

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SALURAN EMPEDU DAN PANKREAS

SALURAN EMPEDU DAN PANKREAS

Ductus hepaticus sinistra

Ductus hepaticus dextra Ductus hepaticus

communis Ductus sisticus Ductus choleducus Ductus pancreaticus Ampula vateri

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Empedu Empedu Empedu adalah getah pencernaan – bertindak

mengemulsi lemak menjadi way bahwa enzyme dapat mencerna lemak

Berjalan melalui ductus hepaticus ke ductus cysticus ke kantong empedu dimana dia ditimbun

Empedu mengandung air, garam-garam empedu, cholesterol, dan bilirubin (suatu zat warna hasil dari pemecahan hemoglobin)

bilirubin mebuat warna empedu kuning atau orange

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Lambung selama pencernaan Lambung selama pencernaan

Getah lambung• HCL – mengaktifkan

enzym

• protease

• pepsin

• lipase

Chyme

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Usus kecil selama pencernaan Usus kecil selama pencernaan

Pencernaan lengkap pada usus kecil

chyme tercampur dengan empedu dan getah pankreas

Penggumpalan (emulsifikasi)

Penyerapan (absorpsi)

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Usus besar Usus besar

Menerima sisa-sisa pencernaan dan menimbun sampai dilepaskan dari tubuh.

Penyerapan kelebihan air

faeces, tinja defekasi, atau gerakan

usus

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Patologi - UlcerPatologi - Ulcer

Gastric ulcer Peptic ulcer Ulcerative Colitis

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Patology - HerniaPatology - Hernia

Diaphragmatica Hiatal, Gastroesophageal Inguinal Umbilical

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Sumbatan ususSumbatan usus

Volvulus• Ischemia• Necrosis• Peritonitis

Intussuscepsi

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Hemorrhoid (wasir)Hemorrhoid (wasir)

Internal External Hemorrhoidectomy

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Gangguan Liver Gangguan Liver

Kuning - jaundice, icterus Hepatitis

• Type A - fecal, oral• Type B - parenteral, sexual, perinatal• Type C - parenteral ke darah , produk darah

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DiverticulosisDiverticulosis

Diverticulitis obstipasi diverticulectomy

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OncologiOncologi

Neoplasma dari lapisan epitelial• Adenocarcinoma lambung• Carcinoma esofagus• Carcinoma hepatoseluler• Carcinoma pankreas

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Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic

Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic

Aerophagia anorexia appendicitis ascites borborygmus bulimia

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Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic

Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic

cachexia cholelithiasis cleft palate Crohn’s disease cirrhosis colic

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Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic

Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic

deglutition dysentery dysphagia eructation fecalith flatus gastroesophageal reflux disease

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Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic

Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic

Halitosis hematemesis irritable bowel syndrome leukoplakia malabsorption syndrome melena obstipation

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Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic

Istilah Diagnostic, Symptomatic, Therapeutic

Peristalsis pyloric stenosis regurgitation steatorrhea visceroptosis