" " WITNESSJULY 11, 1968

10*

E d i t o r i a l

What Now For The Poor?

A r t i c l e

A Want of Hope

John M. Gessell

NEWS: — Theological Education Tackled by

Canadian Churches. Church Grant Made

by 815 Despite Appeal to Defer Action

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SERVICESIn Leading Churches

T h e W i t n e s sFor Christ and His Church

SERVICESIn Leading Churchc

NBW YORK CITY

THE CATHEDRAL CHURCHOF ST. JOHN THE DIVINE

Sund«yi Holy Communion 8, 9, 10,Prayer, Holy Communion and Sexmon. 11;Organ Recital, 3:30; Evensong, 4.

Morning Prayer and Holy Communion 7 i l 5(and 10 Wed.); Evening Prayer, 3:30.

THE PARISH OF TRINITY CHURCHTRINITYBroadway ft Wall St.R«v. John V. Butler, D.O., RectorRev. Donald R. Woodward, VicarSun. MP. 8:40, 10:30, HC 8, 9, 10, II .Daily MP 7:45, HC 8, 12, 8er. 12i30Tuet., Wed. & Thun., EP 5:15 ex. Sat.;Sat. HC 8; C Fri. 4:30 ft by appt.

ST. PAUL'S CHAPELBroadway ft Fulton St.ROT. Rotor* C. Hunticker, VicarSun. HC 8, MP ft HC Sex. 10, WeekdaysMP ft HC 8, HC 12:05, 1:05, 7)15 alMHoly Days (ex. Sat.); EP 5:10 (ex. B»t.1:30); Counsel and C 10:30-1:30 dally,and by appt.; Organ Recital Wednesdays12:30.

CHAPEL OF THB INTERCESSIONBroadway ft 155th St.Leslie J. A. Long, VJoorSundays 8, 9, 11; Weekdays: Man. Fri.Sat. 9; Tuei. 8; Wed. 10; Thun. 7.

ST. LUKB'S CHAPEL487 Hudson 8t.Rev. Paul C. Weed, Jr., VicarSun. HC 8, 9:15 & 11; Daily HC 7 ft I .C Sat. 5-6, 8-9, by appt.

ST. AUGUSTINE'S CHAPEL333 Madison St.The Rev. William W. Reed, VicarSundays: 8, 9, 11; Monday-Saturday 9:30 ex,Wednesday 7:30; MP Monday-Saturday 9 i l 5ex. Wednesday 7:15.

ST. CHRISTOPHER'S CHAPEL48 Henry St.The Rev. Carlos J. Caguiat, VicarSundays: MP 7:15; Masses 7:30, 8:45, 11)15(Spanish), Eu Monday thru Wednesday 8;Thursdays thru Saturday 9.

THE CHURCH OF THE EPIPHANYYork Avenue at 74th Street

Near New York Memorial HospitalsHugh McCandless, Alanson Houghton,

Kenneth R. Huggins, ClergyLee Belford, Francis C. Huntington, Associates

Sundays: 8 a.m. HC; 9:30 Family (HC 3rdSun) 11 a.m. Morning Service (HC 1stSun) 12:15 p.ro. HC (2 , 3, 4, 5 Sun)

One of New York'smost beautiful public buildings.

EDITORIAL BOARDJOHH MOGIIX K B D I U I , Chairman

W. B. SPOMOBD 8m., Managing Editor

EmriXD J. Mora, Editorial Assistant

O. SYDMBT [Una; Las A. BBXTOBD; Roeoos

T. FOUST; RIGHABD E. GABY; GORDOM C.

GBAHAK; DAVID JOHHSOK; HABOLD R. LAJJ-

DOH LESLIE ] . A. LAW>; BBUJAMTM Mnrara;

WILLIAM STKETOFELXOW.

EDITORIALS: - The Editorial Board holdsmonthly meetings when current issues beforethe Church are discussed. They are dealtwith in subsequent numbers but do notnecessarily represent the unanimous opinionof the editors.

CONTRIBUTING EDITORSTHOMAS V. BABBSTT; JOHN PAIBMAM BBOWW;

GABDINBB M. DAY; JOSEPH F. FLSTCHHB;

FBSDSBICB C. GHAITC; HHT.HU GHAUT; COB-

WIN C. ROACH; " m m . ST. f ^ « " » ; MAS-SBY H. SEBPHBHD JB.J W. B. Sroraoan JB.

THE WITNESS is published weekly fromSeptember 15th to June 15th inclusive, withthe exception of one week in January andbi-weekly from June 15th to September 15thby the Episcopal Church Publishing Co.on behalf of the Witness Advisory Board.

The subscription price is $4.00 a year; inbundles for sale in parishes the magazinesells for 10c a copy, we will bill quarterlyat 7c a copy. Entered as Second ClanMatter, August 5, 1948, at the Post Officeat Tunkhannock, Pa., under the act ofMarch 3, 1879.

THE GENERAL THBOLOGICAL SEMINARYChapel of the Good Shepherd

Chelsea Square — 9th Ave. ft 20th StreetHOLY COMMUNION - 7:00 a.m. MONDAY

through FRIDAYMORNING PRAYER & HOLY COMMUNION

- 7:30 a.m. 8ATURDAY ft HOLIDAYSMORNING PRAYER - 8:30 a.m. MONDAY

through FRIDAYHOLY COMMUNION - 12 noon - MON-

DAY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, FRI-DAY

HOLY COMMUNION with Sermon - 11:15a.m. TUESDAY

EVENSONG - 6:00 p.m. DAILY

ST. STEPHEN'S CHURCHTenth Street, above Chestnut

PHILADELPHIA, PBKMA.

The Rev. Alfred W. Price, D.D., RtwtavTh« R«v. Gustav C. MtckUng, BJX

Minister to the Hard of HearingSunday: 9 and 11 a.m. 7:30 p.m.Weekdays: Mon., Tues., Wed., Than*, M ,

12:30 - 12:55 p.m.Services of Spiritual Healing, Thun. 12:30

and 5:30 p.m.

CHRIST CHURCHCAMBBIDGB, MASS.

The Rev. W. Murray Kenney, RectorSunday Services: 8:00, 9:30 and 11:15 SJS .

Wed. and Holy Days: 8:00 and 12:10

CHRIST CHURCH, DETROIT976 East Jefferson Avenue

The Rev. Frank J. Haynes, Rector8 and 9 a.m. Holy Communion (breakfast

served following 9 a.m. service) 11 «.»•Church School and Morning Service. HolyDays 6 p.m. Holy Communion.

PRO-CATHEDRAL OF THEHOLY TRINITY

23 Avenue, George VPABIS FRANCE

Services: 8:30, 10:30 (S.S.), 10:45Boulevard Raipail

Student and Artists CenterThe Very Rev. Sturgis Lee Riddle, Detm

The Rt. Rev. Stephen Bayne, BishopThe Rev. Donald D. Weaver, Canon

The Ven. Frederick McDonald,Canon Chaplain

N E W YOBX CITY

ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S CHURCHPark Avenue and 51st StreetR*v. Terence J. Vhilay, D.D.

8 and 9:30 a.m. Holy Communion 9:30 e s i11 a.m. Church School. 11 a.m. Mora-ing Service and Sermon. 4 p.m. Even-song. Special Music.

Weekday: Holy Communion Tuesday at12:10 a.m.; Wednesdays and Saints Day.at 8 a.m.; Thursdays at 12:10 p.m.

Organ Recitals, Wednesdays, 12:10. Ev«Pi. Daily 5:45 p.m.

CHURCH OF THB HOLY TRINITY316 East 88th Street

Sundays: Holy Communion 8; Church School9:30; Morning Prayer and Sermon 11:00

(Holy Communion 1st Sunday in Month).

ST. THOMAS5th Ave. & 53rd Street

Rev. Frederick M. Morris, D.D.Sunday: HC 8, 9:30, 11 (1st Son.) MP

11; Daily ex. Sat. HC 8:15, HC Tins.12:10, Wed., 5:30.

Noted for boy choir) great teredosand windows.

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VOL. 53, NO. 26 The WITNESSFOR CHRIST AND HIS CHURCH

Editorial and Publication Office, Eaton Road, Tunkhannock, Pa. 18657

JULY 11, 1968

Story of the Week

Theological Education TackledBy Canadian Consultation

* Theological education hasbeen front page lately in allChurches and it will be more sofor some time. In the Episco-pal Church, Bishop Warneckehas been meeting regularly withthe board for theological educa-tion, of which he is chairman,to get to know each other andto learn something about thetremendous dimensions of theproblem. Members agree thatit is a far bigger one than try-ing to shore up our presentseminary situation. They alsoagree that they are to be con-cerned with lay theological edu-cation as well as that of the or-dained ministry.

Bishop Warnecke has there-fore taken a six-months leave ofabsence as bishop of Bethlehemin order to give full time to thework of this board, which hestated in making the announce-ment, "is close to the heart ofthe renewal of the Church."(Witness, June 27).

The understanding of t h eChristian ministry which hasprevailed to date, and the pat-terns used in training for theministry deserve "a dignifiedfuneral," according to a reporton theological education.

Prepared for the CanadianJTHLT 11, 1968

ecumenical national consultationon theological education, the re-port was compiled from eightdocuments submitted by areas t u d y committees throughoutthe country.

It takes a critical look at con-cepts of ministry, seminary pro-grams and the modern situa-tions to which theological edu-cation must give attention.

Prof. J.R.C. Perkins of Mc-Master D i v i n i t y School inHamilton drafted the final re-port. It was presented to theconsultation, composed of 150representatives of A n g 1 ic a n,Baptist, Lutheran, Presbyteri-an, Roman Catholic and UnitedChurches.

The report, which receivedgeneral approval by a seven-member editorial c o m m i t t e e ,stated that "the understandingof, and training for, the minis-try which has operated to dateis no longer adequate, but theseminaries cannot be blamed forall of the problems and ills ofthe Church. The old patternhas done its work at a criticaland testing time, and deservesat least a dignified funeral."

The report said that the ageof preferential treatment forthe Christian Church and its

ministers in Canada has ended,but that few people are preparedto recommend abolition of thec o n c e p t of a professionally-trained, full-time ministry.

In discussing the forms ofministry which might be mostappropriate in an age when theChurch does not receive specialtreatment, the study suggestedthe possibility of "a professionalministry which is not ordained— professors, theologians, ad-ministrators — and an ordainednon-professional ministry — laypreachers, teachers, pastors.

"In short, professional minis-try and ordination are not neces-sarily either identical or con-comitant."

The modern theological stu-dent, the r e p o r t claimed, ischaracterized by two dominantattitudes:

• the conviction that God is"where the action is" ratherthan in overseas missions

• a deep sense of frustrationwith the institutional Church.

Great flexibility in ministrywas advised, not only in termsof specialized areas such as uni-versities and hospitals but alsoin high-rise apartments, shop-ping centers and other areaswhere people are found.

The non-rigid approach whichdefines various types of chap-laincies must certainly come intothe local parish, according to the

Three

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report, with the shortening ofthe work week and the increaseof shift work.

Sunday may d i s a p p e a r as"the" day of worship in the lastquarter of t h e century, thestudy speculated. As a result,the Church may have to havepeople a v a i l a b l e for missionseven days a week and see thetotal c o n g r e g a t i o n only onChristmas and Easter.

There must be in every con-gregation, it continued, "Chris-tian enablers, who are fearlesslyopen to the influences of theo-logical t h o u g h t and socialchange and determined to relatethe two."

"The present situation is oneof almost fierce theological de-bate among clergy, healing pro-fessions, philosophy and others,"the report stated, "and yet thea v e r a g e congregation is un-aware of, and frequently un-interested in, the issues involved.This may comprise the mostdangerous aspect of Church lifetoday.

"Many ministers have deliber-ately kept the people ignorantof matters of biblical criticismand theological dispute lest thefaithful be disturbed. Now theexplosion has to be handled andit appears that, in some denomi-nations at least, it will go offwith destructive results."

A section on theological edu-cation and ecumenicity assertedthat as Church and society meet,traditional denominational dif-ferences "are likely to provestrange and irrelevant, if notdownright obstructive, to gen-uine dialogue."

The report said the perplexingand unnerving fact about thepresent pattern of Church struc-tures is that no one group has amonopoly on the truth "andhence the organizational joiningFour

of two communions does notnecessarily achieve anything oftheological significance."

It warned that just as theseminaries of the present canbe denominational ghettos, sounited seminaries could easilybe inter-denominational ghettos.

The use of high-capital, high-cost seminaries was questionedand criticized. The training ofSunday s c h o o l teachers andyouth leaders in seminaries wasadvocated. Links between semi-naries and the whole Christiancommunity were said to be vitalto the health of school andchurch.

In a discussion of the natureof the Church, the report statedthat the end product is fellow-ship, proclamation and worshipin service- It was said thatmany congregations do v e r y

little now except raise money tosupport buildings unsuited tothe present day.

"In manpower, u s e of re-sources and p l a n n i n g , theChurch has much redeploymentto undertake before service canmove out of the Sunday schoolinto the city. Clearly the situa-tion demands that this redeploy-ment must be undertaken ecu-menically," the report declared.

The tensions resulting becausea Church is organized on one setof presuppositions and tries toexercise a ministry determinedby a different set were said tobe "painful to the people ofGod."

"Some would regard the painas the death throes of theChurch of the past two centur-ies. Some would regard the painas the birth-pangs of a newcreation."

Church Grant Made DespiteAppeal to Defer Action

* The Black Unity League ofKentucky will receive a $10,000grant from the Church despitea request by the Bishop ofKentucky that the grant bewithheld at least temporarily.

The director of the urban-crisis program, Leon E. Mo-deste, said that the grant "hasbeen authorized . . . and will begoing out."

At a meeting on Sunday, June23, the matter was discussed atlength by m e m b e r s of theKentucky diocese. Modeste wason hand to answer questionsposed by the 700 persons at-tending.

Bishop C. Gresham Marmionhad requested that the grant bewithheld following the arrest

in early June of two VISTAworkers who had been involvedin planning the Black UnityLeague.

Samuel H a w k i n s , 25, andRobert Kuyu Simms, 21, wereaccused of conspiring to dyna-mite a Louisville oil refinery andstorage tank shortly after aweek-long series of civil dis-orders had been quelled by policeand national guardsmen.

The two were freed on $5,000bond each after spending 10days in jail. Their cases werestill pending when it was an-nounced that the E p i s c o p a lChurch grant would still bemade-

Modeste said there seemed tobe some misunderstanding aboutthe relation of Mr. Hawkins and

THB WITNESS

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Mr. Simms to the organization.They are not, he said, officersof the league.

The Episcopal Church's pro-gram provides for sizeable sumsof money to be given directly tocommunity organizations of thepoor to spend as they see fit.Purpose of the Louisville-basedleague is to encourage unityamong black people.

Bishop Marmion has declinedto comment on the decision togrant the funds. He had askedthat no money be turned overuntil the issue involving Hawk-ins and Simms was clarified.

Modeste said his office hadinvestigated the league. "They'renot out to overthrow anything,"he said. "It seems to be afairly young group . . . Theyreally seem to have the pulseon things."

He further remarked that theChurch could not condemn theorganization on the basis of twoarrests and said there was noindication that the league wasresponsible for d i s o r d e r s inLouisville.

Louisville's w e s t end com-munity council, which sponsorsthe league, has already received$50,000 under the program, Mo-deste said.

EMERGENCY GRANTSANNOUNCED

* Five additional emergencygrants totalling $17,500 havebeen a n n o u n c e d under theChurch's program to meet thepoverty and r a c i a l crisis inAmerica. This brings the totalnumber of grants made underthe General Convention specialprogram to 57 and the totalfunds granted to $956,107.

An emergency grant of $6,000was approved for the coalitionof American Indian citizens inDenver- The coalition, whichJULY 11, 1968

was formed during the initialdiscussion of the Poor People'sCampaign, seeks to develop al-ternatives to the "Indian agen-cy" p a t e r n a l i s m which hasinfluenced American Indian lifefor more than a century.

The first step in the coali-tion's program is to encouragew i d e s p r e a d participation byAmerican Indians in the PoorPeople's Campaign. It is thiseffort which is being funded bythe General Convention specialprogram.

The coalition involves Indiansin Washington, the Dakotas,Oklahoma, C a l i f o r n i a ; NewMexico, Arizona and Coloradoand is a reflection of a newmood of self - determinationamong Indians.

A second grant of $2,000 hasbeen authorized to the PoorP e o p l e ' s Corporation in Mis-sissippi to allow Liberty House,a marketing cooperative whichfaces an immediate f i n a n c i a lcrisis, to remain open. Thecorporation has created 12 co-operative w o r k s h o p s in Mis-sissippi which are owned andoperated by its workers, whoinclude former farm laborers,sharecroppers and d o m e s t i c swhose average weekly salaryhad been $10. These workersare now earning the minimumnational wage of $1.60 per hour.Liberty House has been distri-buting hand-craft p r o d u c t smade by these cooperatives andby poor in other states andcountries.

The Selma Interreligious Pro-ject has received an emergencygrant of $3,500 in order to con-tinue its programs of farmereducation, cooperatives, trainingschools and interracial weekendseminars. The project, whichis under the direction of anEpiscopal priest, the Rev. Fran-

cis X. Walter, operates in co-operation with black farmersand sharecroppers in Alabama.

A fourth emergency grant of$5,000 was authorized for reliefof Memphis sanitation workersand will go to t he workersthrough the National Councilof Churches. During the sani-tation w o r k e r s ' strike, nowtragically associated with thedeath of Martin Luther King,strikers faced severe financialdifficulties. The grant will helpalleviate these needs, accumu-lated over the long period of thestrike.

The fifth grant of $1,000 wasauthorized f o r t h e SouthernEegional Council in Atlanta, Ga.The council is a long-establishedorganization which has receivedconsiderable support from theEpiscopal Church over the pastten years- The Council hasan active program of research,education, voter education, com-munity organization and plan-ning.

EPISCOPAL CHAPLAINSNOW ORGANIZED

* The Episcopal Society forMinistry in Higher Educationwas formed June 21 by collegeand university chaplains meet-ing in Evanston, 111. The Rev.John Crocker, Jr., president ofthe new organization, and Epis-copal chaplain at Brown Univer-sity, said that "the society in-tends to be a voice within thecouncils of the Episcopal Churchfor the concerns of higher edu-cation.

"Chaplains, faculty and othersinvolved in the church's minis-try in higher education are in-vited to join with the organizinggroup of about 100 chaplains ina concerted effort to interpretto the Episcopal Church at largethe changing role of higher edu-

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cation today, and the relation-ship of m o v e m e n t s withinhigher education to the severalsocial c r i s e s confronting ourcountry," Crocker said.

"We are a lobby for the inter-ests of ministry in higher edu-cation and not a trade union forthe benefit of college chaplains,"he added. "Too frequently inthe competition f o r financialsupport the Church at the uni-versity loses out. When thishappens this is not simply aninconvenience for the chaplain,it is a tragedy for a Churchwhich needs a listening post atthe university and for a univer-sity which needs the criticismand concern of the Church."

Crocker said that "the newsociety also seeks to developstandards by which the Churchmay evaluate the work of pro-fessional chaplains, and to en-courage chaplains in the de-velopment of professional com-petence." "All too frequently,"he added, "the bishops and ves-tries of our Church appoint mento positions as chaplains with-out thought as to the trainingneeded and with little supportfor future career development.We hope to change this ap-proach to such a vital respon-sibility of the Church."

EPISCOPALIANSAT ASSEMBLY

* Presiding Bishop John E.Hines, led a delegation of 12Episcopalians to the assemblyof the World Council of Chur-ches in Uppsala, Sweden.

Eight hundred delegates from232 Protestant, Anglican, OldCatholic and Orthodox Chur-ches, belonging to the council,are meeting for 16 days, begin-ning July 4. The theme is "Be-hold, I make all things new."Six

Serving as delegates from theEpiscopal Church are: BishopJ. Brooke Mosley of Delaware;the Rev. J a m e s Kennedy ofCincinnati; the Rev. Arthur A.Vogel, Nashotah, Wis.; the Rev.Reynell Parkins, Corpus Christi;D u p u y Bateman, Pittsburgh;David Johnson, New York; Clif-ford P. Morehouse, New York;Gerald A. McWorter, Nashville;Mrs. Wallace Schutt, Jackson,Miss.; Mrs. Muriel Webb, NewYork; Mrs. John Jackson, Port-land, Ore-

DEAN MEAD ELECTEDIN DELAWARE

* Dean William H. Mead ofChrist Church Cathedral, St.Louis, was elected bishop ofDelaware at a special conventionon June 28. He was elected onthe 15th ballot, with the Rev.Raymond T. Ferris, rector ofChrist Church, Bronxville, N.Y.,the runner-up.

The newly-elected bishop hasbeen dean in St. Louis since1964. Prior to entering theministry in 1950 he was a busi-ness executive. He was the as-sociate director of the Parish-field Community, B r i g h t o n ,Michigan, '57-'59, and was aprime mover in the reorganiza-tion of the diocese.

WOLF ELECTED BISHOPOF MAINE

* The Rev. Frederick B. Wolfof Bennington, Vt., was electedbishop of Maine at a special con-vention.

He succeeds Bishop Oliver L.Loring who resigned in May be-cause of illness-

Election came on the 13thballot. Wolf, who will be con-secrated in the fall, received 28of 45 clerical votes and 142 ofthe 216 lay votes.

INFLUENCE OF RELIGIONDECLARED WANING

* Sixty-seven per cent of thepeople in the U.S. feel that reli-gion is losing its influence onAmerican life, according to aGallup poll survey.

In a series of five polls con-ducted over the past 11 yearsthere has been a rapid increasein the number of people whothink this is so.

In 1957, when the survey wasfirst conducted, 69 per centthought that religion was in-creasing its influence on Amer-ican l i fe o n l y 14 per centthought this was not so.

Eleven years later, however,the proportion is almost re-versed, with only 18 per centbelieving that religious influenceis increasing, while 67 per centbelieve that it is waning.

Approximately 1,500 p e o p l erepresenting a cross-section ofthe nation, embracing all reli-gions, and in true proportion tothe number of their followers,were polled.

METHODISTS CAN NOWTAKE A DRINK

• The United M e t h o d i s tChurch will stress personal dis-cipline in all areas for itsministry but no longer willspecifically p r o h i b i t smokingand drinking for the clergy.

In the longest debate of thegeneral conference of the newlymerged denomination, propo-nents of the change argued thatthere should be voluntary, notcoerced, standards of conduct.

The revision will appear inthis year's edition of the disci-pline, book of Church law, ofthe denomination formed byunion of the Methodist and theEvangelical U n i t e d BrethrenChurches.

THE WITNESS

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EDITORIALWhat Now For The Poor?SOMEBODY, spelt with a capital "G" if youwill, kept it unseasonably cool during June. Innortheastern Pennsylvania, where the Witnessis produced, farmers plant corn the middle ofMay. Those who did this year had their croprot in the cold, damp ground. We took a drivearound the countryside on Independance Dayand most farmers are still waiting for cornweather.

Months ago we reported in these pages thatMartin Luther King, Ralph Abernathy and otherleaders of the Southern Christian LeadershipConference told black militants that they shouldgive non-violence a chance. If we do not getresults with such methods, they told StokelyCarmichael, Rap Brown and Co., we'll admit weare licked and let you fellows pick it up fromthere.

Martin Luther King is dead. Ralph Abernathyis fasting in jail — with him are several hun-dred former residents of Resurrection City,which has been dismantled by 429 workmen andthe lumber carted to Fort Belvoir, Virginia.Also a bill for $244,838 has been presented toleaders of the Poor People's Campaign by federalofficials which, they say, represents governmentexpenditures through June 28 connected withthe anti-poverty demonstration. One item in thebill was $159,774 for national park policemen,assigned to Resurrection City. The Rev. AndrewM. Young Jr., who took over the leadershipwhen Abernathy went to jail, shrugged off thebill and said it was "a very small cost to payfor educating the nation about the problems ofpoverty."

SCLC probably will launch boycotts of down-town merchants in about 40 of America's larg-est cities, a spokesman announced at a jammedchurch rally only a few hours after Resurrec-tion City was closed and hundreds arrested.

The Rev. Jesse Jackson, once "city manager"of the city, said the closing may well have been"a blessing in disguise-" By this he meant thatnow the campaign can be widely diffused through-out the nation.JULY 11, 1968

The Negro clergyman told close to 1,000persons jammed into a church that if the "pain"the poor suffered in America is not "redistri-buted" to others, "then we will pull down thevitals of the city with us."

In his speech, Jackson said Pharaoh — thegovernment — "had the power to evict us fromResurrection City, but he doesn't have thepower to stop your desire to be free."

At one point he said:"Tonight our city is under siege. Our city

has been taken over by more than 3,000 militarypolice from Pharaoh's army. Pharaoh has at-tempted to occupy a city, but we know he knowsnothing about it but its location.

"(He knew it) by looking from his telescopefrom 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue (White House)across the Reflecting Pool — Pharaoh saw ply-wood, but the foundations of Resurrection Citywere not made by hand. Resurrection City isat best an idea.

"The real problem that the military had isthat it attempted to take its fist and smash thewind. They tried to take a bulldozer and turnaround an idea."

So the Campaign, and Solidarity Day when50,000 whites and blacks marched to support it,was a bust as far as doing anything for thepoor is concerned. But the deplorable condi-tions remain.

The Commission on Civil Disorders statedmonths ago: "This is our basic conclusion: ournation is moving toward two societies, one black,one white—separate and unequal." Unless drasticand costly remedies are begun at once, the com-missioners unanimously agreed, there will be a"continuing polarization of the American com-munity and, ultimately, the destruction of basicdemocratic values."

That could happen very soon. Militants, andthey are not all black, maintain that non-vio-lence is unrealistic. The rich and powerful,they insist, are not going to give up these thingswillingly and SCLC leaders were silly to thinkthat poor people could be structured out of

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poverty. The crisis, in cities and elsewhere, iscaused by the lack of power of the blacks, thepoor and other minority groups.

These militants, seeing the failure of the PoorPeople's Campaign, will remember the words ofKing and Abernathy when they asked for thechance to demonstrate the power of non-violence-

So do not be surprised if that Somebody whogave us a very cool June now gives us a veryhot July and August believing, as He must, thatin one way or another we must be made to "LetMy People Go."

A Want of HopeBy John M. Gessell

Professor and Assistant to the DeanSchool of Theology, Sewanee

IN A TIME when people are running out ofhope, I find I must struggle with the possibilityof hopelessness and its meaning. What I sayis said in fear and trembling, not only becauseof the continuing crisis and the suffering of ourpeople and our country, but because I find awant of hope always happens when we try toput our hope in the wrong places. I also speakwith diffidence because part of my struggle be-came that of self-examination. I had to confessmy own complicity before I could seek a sureground for the possibility of a renewal of hope.

The first thing I noted was a serious differ-ence between profession and practice. This makesus uneasy and we often call people who exhibitthis difference hypocrites, revealing our scorn.But many of us now know that we, too, areguilty of this hypocrisy, for we who are whitedo not practice what we profess. And I mustconfess that I have little hope of seeing uschange very much. I am possessed by a short-age of hope.

But this is a complicated issue and is worthmore than the time it takes to call names. In1967 Rap Brown said that if things didn'tchange, he was going to burn the country down.This need not have surprised us. Negroes havebeen trying to tell us this over and over again.We have all been warned. In 1964 Martin Lu-ther King wrote a book called Why We Can'tBight

Wait and in 1962 he wrote the famous "Letterfrom Birmingham Jail", only to be told that hewanted too much, too soon, at the wrong place.

James Baldwin's Blues for Mister Charliedramatized the conflict between white and blackin starkest terms. Shortly before that he hadwritten The Fire Next Time, and next time ishere.

Let's look then at the problem we've got. Thisreading from Blues for Mister Charlie mighthelp us see it.

Richard: I'm ready. Here I am. You askedme if I was ready, didn't you? What's on yourmind, white man?

Lyle: Boy, I always treated you with respect.I don't know what's the matter with you, orwhat makes you act the way you do — but youowe me an apology and I come out here tonightto get it. I mean, I ain't going away without it.

Richard: I owe you an apology! That's awild idea. What am I apologizing for?

Lyle: You know, you mighty lucky to still bewalking around.

Richard: So are you. White man.Lyle: I'd like you to apologize for your be-

havior in my store that day. Now, I think I'mbeing pretty reasonable, ain't I?

Richard: You got anything to write on? I'llwrite you an IOU.

Lyle: Keep it up. You going to be laughingout of the other side of your mouth pretty soon.

Richard: Why don't you go home? And letme go home? Do we need all this . . . . ? Can'twe live without it?

Lyle: Boy, are you drunk?Richard: No, I ain't drunk. I'm just tired.

Tired of all this fighting. What are you tryingto prove? What am I trying to prove?

Lyle: I'm trying to give you a break. Youtoo dumb to take it.

Richard: I'm hip. You been trying to giveme a break for a great, long time. But there'sonly one break I want. And you won't give methat.

Lyle: What kind of break do you want, boy?Richard: For you to go home. And let me go

home. I got things to do. I got — lots ofthings to do!

Lyle: I got things to do, too. I'd like to gethome, too.

THE

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Richard: Then why are we standing here?Can't we walk? Let me walk, white man! Letme walk!

Lyle: We can walk, just as soon as we getour business settled.

Richard: It's settled. You a man and I'm aman. Let's walk.

The Negro is a man and he knows it. This isthe issue. The problem is complicated, but theissue is simple. He says that he will no longerworry about white men's feelings, and that hewill never again beg for what belongs to himby right, and that in his new-found manhood heis not afraid to die.

Occasion for ViolenceNEGROES are trying to remind whites that thewhite man is the occasion of violence, and whitesare committed to violence in dealing with blacksand their problems of prejudice, discrimination,and poverty. For example, we all know aboutvicious police dogs snarling at children; thespraying of Mace in the ears, eyes, nose andthroat; the use of the electric prod in sensitiveplaces; and the destruction of food crops andburning babies and old women with napalm inVietnam. The white man's presence is violent.

In one of our major cities half of the popula-tion is either black, or in the poverty class, orboth. Following its riot, in which only blackpeople died, it has made no effort to rebuild,but is investing money and men in building uppolice weapons stockpile.

"Can't you hear what we're saying," they cry,"in the looting and burning?" — a black suppli-cation to the white community before it's toolate. But many of us respond with fear, con-tempt, complacency, and live each day and makeour plans as if nothing much were happening,apathy as usual as someone has said.

Our words don't seem to mean anything any-more. We say and write things that are anti-Negro and say that we are not racists. We saywe care, but don't act like it. We say we areinvolved in our way. But our way in non-involve-ment, a neutrality that transcends both sides.

The Way of DeathWE SAY we are against violence and for "lawand order." But we are personally violent andcondone official and legal violence. White policeJOTY 11, 1968

may be violent by their very presence. Law andorder is only one of several social values whichwe must maintain. Without freedom and jus-tice, law and order is a tyranny which willfasten itself on us all.

The white establishment seems determined onwar, a war in which millions of blacks andwhites will be destroyed. The white establish-ment knows that it can "win" this war despitethe cost, and would be willing to destroy thecountry in order to keep from having to makeany concessions or to give up any privileges.And so we are becoming polarised.

But this is the way of denial and death. Whyare we so exercised by the alleged lawlessness ofNegroes, as, for example, Martin Luther King,who was said to have declared an injunctionillegal and planned to march despite it? Whyare we not equally inflamed by the lawlessnessof whites who hold in contempt the civil rightsacts of the national Congress, and who declarethemselves unwilling to accept its open housingand voter registration provisions? They flour-ish shotguns and, indeed, commit murder andare not brought to justice. They encourage andcondone police brutality, and are without con-cern for the plight of the poor, whom they robwith impunity. We are racists and grind thefaces of the poor until they are near to theignition point of their anger. There is a wantof hope in the land.

Wordsworth in one of his ecclesiastical son-nets wrote: "Give all thou canst; high Heavenregrets the lore of nicely calculated less or more."It is no longer a time for nice calculations. Pre-war polarisation means that we must choose nowwhich side we will be on.

I've searched in vain for a third alternative.It may be too late now to find one. The timefor choosing is here. I wish it were not so, butit is. When I choose, I hope I will choose tofight on the side of the poor, black and white,together with those who are sworn to seekjustice for the poor and to stand against thosewho would rob them by legal means.

That side will almost certainly include somelooters, arsonists, rapists, and liars. I am sorry,but it is part of the agony which I will have toaccept. And both sides will include such people.The side which I hope to choose is the side

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which will try to fight for those things whichare life-enhancing and against those thingswhich are life-denying.

Why do we equivocate? As long as one manis in bondage, I am not free. As long as anysuffers injustice, I am unjust. As long as any-one is in poverty, I share his plight and am partof his suffering.

There can be no honest quarrel about humanrights. The only argument is about how toextend to those who have been and are nowbeing robbed of them.

Where There is Hope

AND SO we do not practice what we profess inthe creeds, in our prayer book liturgies, and inthe statements of the Churches. We do notpractice what we profess when we say we be-lieve in the Bible. We equivocate, we squirm,we use shibboleths such as "making progress."Progress is not enough for a man who watcheshis family starve and who is helpless to alter hisfate.

There is a shortage of hope. The shortage iscaused in large measure because the white estab-lishment is determined that nothing shall change;determined, if necessary, to declare and to wagewar in order that nothing shall change. Unlesswe who are strong will in our strength sufferchange, we are all lost.

In a time when hope is in short supply, what,then, shall we do? The psalmist has taught us

to say that our hope is in the Lord. If this betrue, then in a time of a shortage of hope thereis still an abundance.

God is our hope and gives us hope. There isno other hope left. The Lord of hope can nowbe only him who is the ground of our confidencewhen all other grounds have disappeared. Onthis ground we can venture to walk, and we cancomfort one another with these words of theApostle.

For the spirit you have received is not aspirit of bondage leading again into a lifeof fear, but a spirit that makes us sons,enabling us to cry to God as our father.In that cry the spirit of God joins withour spirit testifying that we are God'schildren, and if children, then heirs. Weare God's heirs and Christ's fellow heirs,sharing his sufferings now and his gloryhereafter.

Holy MatrimonyHugh McCandless

Rector of the Church of The Epiphany

New York City

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27 BISHOPS ATTENDTRINITY INSTITUTE

* "The Theological Revolutionof the 60's" was the subject forthe first seminar for bishopsheld by Trinity Institute fromJune 17 to 21. This will be anannual offering of the Institutein June.

Twenty seven bishops fromthe United States and overseasmissionary districts were pres-ent. The sessions were held atSt. Hilda's and St. Hugh'sSchool, which is near the Insti-tute, in the vicinity of ColumbiaUniversity. Each speaker wasasked to make a presentation ofhis subject in a direct and in-formal way for the purpose ofstimulating discussion. T h e r ewas no news coverage of thesessions permitted so that therecould be absolute freedom forconversation- One of the hap-piest aspects of the bishopsseminar was the spontaneoussocial life which it engenderedbecause the men w e r e freeof any administrative responsi-bility.

Bishop Stephen F. Bayne waschaplain. The Rev. Robert E.Terwilliger, director of TrinityInstitute, arranged the programand conducted it.

CHRISTIANS & MARXISTSCONFER IN PRAGUE

* Discussions involving reli-gious leaders and Marxist phi-losophers have been completed.

Prague Radio claimed thatChristian churchmen were of

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Hartford, Conn.

the opinion that there is no con-tradiction between the aims ofChristianity and "real social-ism."

Joseph Hromadka, chairmanof the Christian peace confer-ence, was quoted as saying thatMarxism had been much "de-formed" over the years but thatthe history of Christianity alsoshowed "deformations" duringcertain periods.

When both sides, Christianand Marxist, take these factssquarely into account, he said,they will stop regarding eachother with strong distrust.

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