How pollution and population growth can

lead to water shortage?

SITI AISYAH BT AZHAR KE13038NURZURIIATI BT KAMARUDIN KE13054WAN NURSHAHIRA BINTI WAN MOHD SHUKRI KE12029NURUL SYAZWANI BINTI NOOR AZMI KA12051MUHAMMAD ALIFF FAISAL BIN ROESLAN KE12043

INTRODUCTION

• Water covers 70% of our planet, and it is easy to think that it is always plentiful.

• Many people have likened the issue of water scarcity to our current economic struggle over petroleum. Without petroleum, we can’t drive our cars, and maybe we have to walk to school or work. This is not the case for water, as we are not dealing with some inconveniences but we are dealing with the issue of sustaining life itself.

• The global lack of abundance of usable water is an issue that presents a dangerous problem to our future. Ironically, only a small portion of our planet's water is actually usable. Ninety-seven percent of the world's water is too salty for consumption or agricultural use. Furthermore, much of the rest is held in ice caps or other unattainable sources.

POLLUTION

• There are two types of water pollution; direct sources or indirect sources.

• Direct sources : 1. danger material is emitted to water resources

2. pollution source directly from factory waste

3. drainage of fluid from the plant 4. waste treatment plant

• Indirect sources : 1. pesticides and fertilizers that wash away from farms

2. untreated human wastewater and industrial waste

3. even groundwater is not safe from pollution, as many pollutants can leach into underground aquifers.

Effects - health

• Dysentery , salmonella , cryptosporidium and hepatitis are among the infectious diseases through the poisoning of drinking water and water for bathing . Some beaches, rivers and lakes are not suitable for people to relax as factory waste are polluting the area.

• Water pollution is also a serious problem in third world countries where millions of people obtain drinking water from areas contaminated with human waste itself. Such contamination is said to cause more than three million deaths each year from diarrhea , mainly in children.

Effects – aquatic wildlife

• Type of pollution affecting the water is a physical form, such as an increase in temperature. As the water flowed from industrial plants, nearly 15 to 25 milligrams of heated water discharged into the water cooling system.

• When the hot water flowed out into the river, the river water temperature will rise. As a result, it will disrupt the ecological relationship between water systems and aquatic life. Even the slightest increase in temperature is a danger to a variety of fish and other aquatic life

Effects – wetlands

• When phosphorus from chemical pollution of water added to the system, the more algae to grow. Most of the phosphorus added to the water system are produced from a nearby industrial plants. With the increase in phosphorus, it causes the ecosystem becomes unbalanced

Solution(sewage water treatment)

• The usual way to treat water is usually divided into three stages; Primary treatment, Secondary treatment and Tertiary Treatment.

• Three ways to control industrial wastewater is to regulate the source in a factory, before the treated wastewater to be removed by using different treatment or waste water can be treated in full at the factory if it is then reused or discharged directly.

• Chemical engineers can treat the industrial effluent before releasing to water since nowadays in Malaysia there is not much proper treatment for these effluent

• Ethically, they can ensure that the waste to meet certain standards before being discharged

POPULATION GROWTH

• Water use has been growing at more than twice the rate of population increase in the last century.

• Although there is no water scarcity as such, an increasing number of regions are chronically short of water.

• Increasing in population will also increase in urbanization.

• This is because the water systems have been explored by humans to make their living place.

• Forests that are supposed to become water accumulation places have undergo forging process both illegally and legally.

• Food sources for human also need water source. As population increases, the need for food will also increase.

• Agriculture consumes more water than any other source and wastes much of that through inefficiencies.

Effects - health

• Malnutrition is one of the leading factors that causes death. It is not directly linked as to water as dehydration but the lack of food.

• The lack of water also make the basic sanitation hard to maintain because they can only us very little water for cleaning.

• In many developing countries, people are force to drink low quality water from flowing streams that are which are contaminated.

• Less water also means sewage does not flow, and mosquitoes and other insects breed on still dirty water.

• The result is the deadly malaria and other diseases.

Effects - agriculture

• Agriculture activities can not be continued because of lack of water.

• Source of food will decrease worldwide.

• Economic activity base on agriculture will also reduced and this will effect the nation’s income.

• If the problem continues, a lot of people will die because of no food to continue life

Solution(water management)

• As a chemical engineer, we must find ways for people to use water wisely and not waste it.

• We must find a way to use as small amount of water as we can in every process.

• We must not use the water for non-profitable process.

Solution(recycling)

• Though the health aspects of recycled water is controversial, most experts agree that it is safe for everything but drinking.

• As a chemical engineer we must search for ways that we can recycle as much water as we can.

• We must also produce recycled water that is as good as non-recycle water.

• At the chemical plant, use of water is very important because it is used in many process such as heating process.

• Because in heating process water is not react directly to the chemical substances, recycled water can be used

CONCLUSION

• The main source of raw water supply in Malaysia comes from rivers, storage dams and groundwater. The raw water is treated before distributed to the consumers. The water demand for household consumption and industries activities increases year by year. It is expected to rise by 63.0 per cent from 2000 to 2050 as stated in the National

• Water Resources Study (Peninsular Malaysia). Thus, water resources must be developed and managed in a sustainable manner to ensure the social, economic and environmental development of the current and future generations are not jeopardised.