SWIMMING “Capacity of Pools in RelaAon to Bathers”: The ...

SWIMMING “Capacity of Pools in Rela2on to Bathers”: The maximum number of persons in bathing a>re within the pool enclosures of the bathing area shall not exceed one person per 20 sq D. (1.86 sq m.) of pool i.e. the area of the water surface. “First Aid Facili2es”: Every swimming pool shall have adequate arrangement for first aid which includes mechanical resuscitator for ini2a2ng ar2ficial respira2on trained staff for providing emergency aid and such equipments and medicines as may be prescribed by the local Authority. “Safety measures in the pool”: Every swimming pool shall have adequate arrangement for providing safety measures like float, lifeline, and ladder, trained rescue personal, rescue equipment against drowning as may be prescribed by the local Authority. “Hand Rail”: A side handrail extending up above and returning to the horizontal surface of the pool deck curb or coping shall be provided at each side of each ladder. “Life Line”: A life line shall be provided at or near the break in grade between the shallow and deep por2on of a swimming pool, with its posi2on marked with colored floats at not greater than 6” (1.83 m) spacing. Lifeline shall not less than ¾-‐in min (1.90 cm) and its terminal shall be securely encased to an anchor of corrosion resistant material. “Depth Markers”: Depth of water shall be clearly marked at or above the water surface on the ver2cal pool wall and on the edge of the deck or walk-‐way next to the pool, at maximum points and at the points of break between the deep and shallow por2ons and at intermediate increments of depth, spaced at not more than 2.5” (7.62 cm) intervals. Depth markers, contras2ng with background shall be on both sides of the pool. “Life Guard Chairs”: At least one lifeguard chair shall at least be provided in every swimming pool. “Ligh2ng and Wiring”: Where submarine lightning is used, not less than 0.5 wabs shall be employed per sq. D. of pool area. “Area Lightning”: Where submarine lightning is employed, area lightning shall be provided for the deck areas and directed towards the deck areas and away from the pool surface so far as prac2cable, in a total capacity of not less than 0.6 wab per sq. D of deck area. Where submarine ligh2ng is not provided and night swimming is not permibed combined pool lightning shall be provided in an amount of not less than 2 wabs per sq. D. of total area. All submarine lightning shall be individually earthed and must be water 2ght and damp proof. “Over Head Wiring”: No electrical wiring for electrical or power shall be permibed to pass over within 20 feet of the pool enclosure. “Sanita2on in Bath House”: Every swimming pool should have drains and swimming pool facili2es as indica2ng below a) Every bathhouse shall be provided with separate facili2es for each sex. The room shall be well lit, drained, ven2lated, and of good construc2on with impervious materials and in general finished in light colors and so developed and planned that good sanita2on can be maintained throughout the building at all 2mes. b) Minimum sanitary plumbing facili2es shall be provided separately for males and females and indicated below -‐ I) One water closet combina2on, one lavatory and one urinal shall be provided for every 40 bathers or part thereof. ii) A minimum of 3 showerheads shall be provided which shall be adequate for every 75 bathers or part thereof. “Structural Stability”: Swimming pool shall be constructed of inert and enduring material, designed to withstand all loads for both pool empty and pool full condi2ons conforming to the requirements as laid down in relevant BIS code for this purpose. “Obstruc2ons”: There shall be no obstruc2on extending from the wall or the floor extending into the clear area of the diving por2on of the pool. There shall be completely unobstructed clear distance of 4 m. above the diving board. “Wall and Door Finish”: Wall and floor area shall be of inert and impervious material and shall be reasonably enduring. Finish shall be moderately smooth and of a white or light color. “Shallow Minimum Depth”: Every swimming pool shall have a minimum depth in the shallow area of the main swimming area of not less then 0.9 mt. (3 feet), but not more than 1.07 mt. (3'-‐6”) from the overflow level to the floor “Shallow Areas”: In a swimming pool with a diving area, the shallow area of the pool shall be defined as the por2on between the shallow end and the break point between the shallow area and the diving area. The slope of the floor shall be uniform. “Diving Area”: Pools of the type where diving is permibed shall have adequate area and depth of water for safe diving and the minimum depth and area characteris2cs for this area shall be as may be determined by the local Authority and shall be located at one end of the pool. “Diving Tower / Board”: Diving towers in excess of permissible height as standards shall not be provided in public pool without special provisions, controls, and definite limita2on of their use. “Ver2cal Wall Depth”: The pool walls shall be ver2cal at all points for a depth of not less than 2 D 6" (0. 76 m.) Orienta2on-‐north-‐south. Accompanying spaces-‐machine room, changing rooms, shower cubicles, sea2ng area, storage facility.

“Walks” a) Walks shall be clear and con2nuous around the pool with a minimum width of 8-‐D (2.44 m.) of unobstructed clear distance including a curb at the pool edge. b) A minimum of 3-‐D (0.9 m.) walk width shall be provided on sides and rear of any place of diving equipment. c) All walks, decks and terraces shall have a minimum slope of 1 in 48 to drain of the water which shall have a free unobstructed flow to points of disposal at all 2mes. d) The finished texture of walks shall be an2skid / ant Islip. “Gubers and Skimmers”: a) Over flow gubers: a con2nuous overflow guber shall be installed all around the swimming pool. b) Disposal of water from the overflow gubers may be either to waste water drain or may enter into circula2on system to filter and return to the pool. “Treatment of Water”: Swimming pool shall have re-‐circula2on and filtra2on equipment provided for water purifica2on as may be determined by the local Authority “Fence”: Swimming pool shall be accessible through one or more regulated entrances. THE POOL: It must be 50 m (160 D.) in length by 25 m (82 D.) wide, divided into eight lanes of 2.5 m (8.2 D.) each plus two areas of 2.5 m (8.2 D.) at each side of the pool. The water must be kept at 25–28 °C (77–82 °F) and the ligh2ng level at greater than 1500 lux. Depth must be at least 2 m (6.6 D.), Acous2cs: sound absorbing materials are to be used in an indoor pool.

Throw ball and volley ball Recrea=onal (Level C) beginner. Level B -‐ A level B player is slightly more advanced than a beginner. Level BB -‐ Level BB players have a great understanding of the game and its objec2ves. They’re comfortable on the court and know where to be at all 2mes. Level BB players possess several of the skills needed to be successful in a compe22ve environment. These players oDen play compe22vely and typically have in depth knowledge of offensive and defensive game play. Level A -‐ Level A players are above average compe22ve players. These individuals may possess the skills needed to play professionally. They have in depth knowledge of offensive and defensive game play, and use advanced strategies to be successful. Level A players are typically in excellent physical condi2on and are able to compete at a high level. Level AA/Olympic -‐ Very advanced professional players are considered Level AA, or Olympic skilled. They compete at the highest professional level and oDen represent their country in global compe22on. These very advanced players have in depth knowledge of offensive and defensive game play, use advanced strategies to be successful, and are able to perform at the highest levels for an extended period of 2me. Level AA players are in superior physical condi2on and lead their sport in performance and compe22on.

Basket ball equipment -‐clocks, score sheets, scoreboard(s), alterna2ng possession arrows, and whistle-‐operated stop-‐clock systems. The COURT: A general court is 91.9DX49.2D. In NBA it is 94DX50D. Material: wood flooring. Maple planks. Outdoor courts have cement flooring. The basket is a steel rim 18 inches diameter with an abached net affixed to a backboard that measures 6 feet by 3.5 feet and one basket is at each end of the court. The white outlined box on the backboard is 18 inches high and 2 feet wide. At almost all levels of compe22on, the top of the rim is exactly 10 feet above the court and 4 feet inside the baseline. While varia2on is possible in the dimensions of the court and backboard, it is considered important for the basket to be of the correct height – a rim that is off by just a few inches can have an adverse effect on shoo2ng. The size of the basketball is also regulated. For men, the official ball is 29.5 inches in circumference (size 7, or a "295 ball") and weighs 22 oz. If women are playing, the official basketball size is 28.5 inches in circumference (size 6, or a "285 ball") with a weight of 20 oz. LIGHTING-‐1000wabs

Labadie In the interna2onal team version of kabaddi, two teams of seven members each occupy opposite halves of a field of 10 m × 13 m in case of men and 8 m × 12 m in case of women GROUNDS (Kabaddi Grounds) Grounds shall consist of a semi-‐soD or grassy level land. The boundary shall be drawn into a 75 Ft. semi-‐circle of an oval shape from the mid point for out door fields. Grounds for indoor stadiums could be adjusted accordingly with the prior approval from federa2on. The boundary and mid-‐line shall be dis2nctly drawn in white by Three inch thick lines except the por2on of mid line between the two posts which would be Four inch thick line. A clear space of Thirty (30) feet shall be provided all around the play area no one will be allowed to enter during the play off. In the Centre of mid -‐ line, a Four inch thick line measuring 20 feet from inside at equal distance from both ends of the mid -‐ line shall be demarcated to be called a ‘Pala’ or ‘Gate-‐Line’. Two posts, round in shape of soD or playable material with a radius of Six to Nine inches in white color shall be placed at each end of Pala or Gate-‐Line and these posts will not be a part of Gate-‐Line. Raiders must stand at the side corner at the end of their respec2ve half near the center line and opposite to their opponent team as shown in the diagram. Stoppers must stand on the top front of the field from the center line as shown in the diagram. Abached is a diagram showing measurements of the outdoor ground and posi2ons for both Raiders & Stoppers.

Kabaddi is one of the few games which does not require any equipment whatsoever. All that is required is a good play-‐field, ideally situated. Most of the players, even today prefer to play the game bare-‐foot although rules now permit the wearing of soD canvas shoes. Since the game is played bare-‐foot it is very important to ensure that the play field is soD, pebble free and levelled properly, so as to avoid chances of injuries. The game is such that it involves a good deal of rolling and falling during struggles. This is another reason for having and maintaining the right kind of play field. The players' performance also depends to a considerable extent on the type of the play field. The ground should neither be too hard nor too loose. A hard ground will lead to more injuries and this will bring down the players' performance. If the surface of the play-‐field is too loose, it will check the speed of the raiders aback and the game will become slow. As per the rules of the game, a play field must be soD and properly levelled. The methods of preparing the kabaddi play field differs from place to place depending upon weather condi2ons, type of soil, loca2on etc. The criteria for preparing a good kabaddi ground are: (1) Selec=on of site: The first thing to do is to select a suitable site for loca2ng the play field. The area should not have any obstacles such as boulders, lamp-‐posts, culverts etc. It should also be ensured that it does not form a part of a thoroughfare for pedestrians. Place should be hygienic with no drain or garbage dumps nearby causing unhealthy atmosphere. The loca2on should be in such a place where spectators are able to watch the game which will act as a mo2va2ng factor for the players. Since all these factors influence the player physiologically and psychologically, due considera2on should be given in selec2ng a proper site. [4] (2) Soil: Soil is the main factor to be taken into considera2on for preparing the play field. In India, the type of soil differs from place to place. For example, in North India we have soDer soil compared to South India. In South India the soil is s2cky whereas in Western India the soil is more sandy in texture. On the other hand in Eastern India, especially in West Bengal, the soil is black and soD and rain makes this soil very muddy. The amount of digging of the surface to prepare the ground depends solely upon the texture of the soil. (3) Weather condi=ons Weather condi2ons prevailing in the place where the ground is under prepara2on also plays a major deciding factor. Where the weather is mainly dry such as in Gujarat & Rajasthan, the prepara2on differs from a place where there are frequent rains such as Kerala. In places where moisture is required to be retained, a layer of salt is also put under the top surface. Whereas in places where there are frequent rains and excess moisture, we have to put a thick bobom layer of pieces of bricks and coal to absorb the excess moisture quickly. (4) Direc=on In order to avoid direct glare of the sun, the court should be laid in the North-‐ South direc2on. (5) Method I Layer (BoUom Layer) Dig up the required rectangular area approximately 12 inches deep, or according to the nature of the soil of the place. Take out the dug up material, remove stones and other impuri2es like glass pieces etc. by sieving and if usable, keep it aside for further use. Spread a layer of broken bricks or stone chips of four inches depth. Spread two inches of soil over this layer. Use a medium size roller to make this layer seble well. Watering and rolling should be done con2nuously for three days. Rolling should not be done immediately aDer watering since the soil and other material will s2ck to the roller and will damage the ground. II Layer (Middle) A thin layer of one or two inches salt/charcoal pieces are to be spread according to need considering weather condi2ons and moisture required. In some places, a layer of cowdung in a liquid form is also used instead of salt/charcoal. In Bangalore NIS South Centre, a layer of cinder was used with effec2ve results. [5] III Layer (Top Layer) Prepara2on of the top layer of the surface is more important. This top surface should be neither too hard nor too loose. The surface should be soD but firm and well levelled. The soil of the top layer should be a mixture of the finest quality of smooth sand, sieved earth, and sawdust. The en2re mixture should be like a smooth powder. If silt form of clay is available, like in the western part of India, it will be more useful. In Southern India, the upper layer should be preferably of silt since the soil is rela2vely hard. The top layer should be spread approximately 2 to 4 inches thick. The top surface should be an inch over the normal ground level and slightly higher of mid-‐field sloping towards either side so that rain water does not get accumulated in the play field. ADer spreading the upper layer, thorough watering and rolling is required to be done regularly. It is not advisable to use heavy rollers on the top surface. Maintenance of the Play Field Kabaddi courts require con2nuous maintenance. Watering should be done one hour before prac2ce. A watering can or a hose pipe abached with a garden sprinkler should be used to water the play field. Water should not be poured with buckets since the play field will become muddy. ADer a 15 minute gap, scraper should be used to lightly scrap the surface. Once the prac2se session/ game is over, a wooden plank should be used to level the surface, because the level of the surface many become uneven during the game. ADer levelling with the wooden block, a light roller should be used and watering done. Ne>ng should be done once in a week to remove stones or pebbles, if any, on the surface. In hot weather condi2ons watering can be done even during half-‐2me of play to maintain moisture. Once in 2 days, the upper layer should be renewed.

1) Ground: Ground shall be level and soD/Mat surface 2) Play Field Measurements: a). Men and Junior Boys: 13 X 10 Meters MEN: Below 80 Kg Weight Junior Boys : Age 20 years & below (last day of the year) and below 65Kg Weight b). Women and Junior Girls: 12 X 8 Meters Women : Below 70 Kg Weight Junior Girls : Age 20 years & below (last day of the year) and below 60 Kg Weight. c). Sub-‐ Junior Boys and Girls: 11 X 8 Meters Sub-‐ Junior Boys: Age 16 years & below (last day of the year) and below 50 Kg Weight. Sub-‐ Junior Girls: Age 16 years & below (last day of the year) and below 50 Kg Weight. Note: The State Associa2on should furnish original date of birth cer2ficate from the ins2tu2on. The date of birth and the photograph of par2cipa2ng player should be abested and verified by the Head Master/principal. The Original Date of Birth Cer2ficate shall only be accepted in the Championship. [44] Random test on players from the par2cipa2ng teams will be conducted by the AKFI from the concerned Ins2tu2ons. If any Associa2on is found guilty, the concerned State Associa2on Team shall be debarred for a period of 3 years from the same year. Achieved posi2on will also be effected and Associa2on has to return the Medals and Cer2ficates to the Federa2on. 3) Play Field: The play field means that por2on of the ground which measures 13 meters by 8 meters (ABCD) for Men & Junior boys and 12 meters by 6 meters for Women, Junior Girls and 11 meters by 6 meters in case of Sub-‐ Junior Boys & Sub-‐ Junior Girls before struggle. 4) SiXng Block: The si>ng block shall be at a distance of 2 meters from the end lines. It shall be a rectangle of 1 meter by 8 meters in case of Men & Junior Boys and 1 meter by 6 meters in case of Women, Junior Girls, Sub-‐ Junior Boys and Sub-‐ Junior Girls. 5) Boundary: The lines on the four sides of the play field are known as the boundaries (AB, BC, CD and DA). All lines shall be of 3 to 5 cms width and form the part of the play field. Note: It is necessary to have 4 meters clear space outside the boundaries. 6) Lobbies: The strips on both the sides of the play field measuring one meter in width are known as the Lobbies. When the lobbies, as per rule 4 under 'Rules of Play' are included in the play field, the boundaries of the play field are extended upto the four lines which enclose the play field including the lobbies. 7) Mid Line: The line that divides the play field into two halves is known as the mid-‐line. 8) Court: Each half of the play field divided by the mid line is known as the Court. 9) Baulk Line: Each of the lines in court parallel to the midline is known as baulk line. The distance of the baulk line from the mid line shall be 3.75 meters in case of Men and Junior Boys and 3 meters in case of Women, Junior Girls, Sub-‐ Junior Boys and Girls. 10) Bonus Line: The line parallel to Baulk line towards end line is known as Bonus line. The distance between Bonus line and Baulk line shall be 1 meter

taekwondo Kyorugi (sparring sport category) •  There are two players in a bout which is controlled by a referee. •  The players are matched according to age group, belt ranking, gender and weight. Contestants wear different coloured

‘tobok’ or uniforms. Points are scored when a player delivers a successful punch or a kick to designated target areas on the trunks and kicks to the head. There are four judges posi2oned in each corner of the contest area, with a 1m safety zone surrounding. Compulsory protec2ve guards are used on the head, body, arms, hands, groin, legs, feet and mouth.

•  The dura2on of the contest is two rounds of two minutes each for lower rank belt divisions and three rounds of two minutes each for higher ranked black belt players. There is a one-‐minute rest period between rounds. •  The compe22on area measures 10m x 10m and is covered with an EVA mat 20mm thick. •  The marginal line of the compe22on area is called the boundary line. •  The compe22on area may be installed on a playorm 50cm−60cm high from the base and the outer part of the boundary line is inclined with a gradient of less than 30 degrees for the safety of the contestants. •  The safety zone area is 2m outside the boundary line.

Poomsaie (technical sport category) •  In this technical compe22on, each player individually performs a pre-‐determined taekwondo form that comprises taekwondo tehcniques using hand and feet techniques such a punching, blocking and kicking. Each form ranges from 40−60 moves. •  The players are matched according to age group, belt ranking and gender. Other categories include individual, pairs, teams and crea2ve poomsaie (with music and without music). •  The compe22on floor area is a 12m x 12m EVA mat 20mm thick. There are seven judges, four on one side of the compe22on area and three on the other.

Dimensions of a singles squash court •  A squash court is a rectangular box with four ver2cal walls of varying height. These are the front wall,

side walls and back wall. It has a level floor and a clear height above the court area. Following are the dimensions of a standard squash court:

•  length of court between playing surfaces is 9.75m •  width of court between playing surfaces is 6.4m •  diagonal is 11.665m •  height above floor to lower edge of front wall line is 4.57m •  height above floor to lower edge of back wall line is 2.13m •  height above floor to lower edge of service line on front wall is 1.780m •  height above floor to upper edge of board is 4.8m •  distance to nearest edge of short line from back wall is 4.26m •  internal dimensions of service boxes is 1.600m •  width of all lines and the board is 5cm •  minimum clear height above the floor of the court is 5.640m

Ligh=ng •  The court is lit by ar2ficial light. The recommended standard is 500 lux, •  minimum standard is 300 lux and the television standard is 1200 lux. •  The ligh2ng must be shadow-‐free and free from any stroboscopic effects. •  In courts with transparent walls, the level of illumina2on is the same on both sides of the wall.

•  Normal construc2on is used for the building of squash courts. Solid walls of precast concrete units or prefabricated panelled 2mber framed construc2on are finished with special white plaster. To improve the view for spectators it is advantageous to use transparent material for the back wall.

•  The floor needs to be slightly springy and have good surface grip. It is made of light coloured wood(maple or beech) boards running parallel to the side walls. Appropriate grade tongue-‐and-‐groove boards 25mm thck and with a sealing coat should be used.

•  Across the foot of the front wall rus a strip made of 2.5mm thck sheet of metal or metal covered plywood painted white.

SHOOTING

Compe22ve shoo2ng consists of a number of events across the four disciplines of rifle, pistol, running target and shotgun. All events are conducted as individual and team events

Small bore rilfe •  There are two types of rifle shoo2ng, 0.177 air rifle and 0.22 rimfire rifle. Air rifle shoo2ng is done over 10m from a free standing posi2on. Rimfire rifle shoo2ng is done at a

target 50m away. Rimfire shoo2ng is done unsupported in the prone, kneeling or standing posi2ons. •  In all rifle events, compe2tors earn points with their shots at an appropriate sized 10-‐ring target, and the shooter with the most points at the end of the compe22on wins •  10m air rifle (60 shots) men •  10m air rifle (40 shots) women Fullbore rifle •  Fullbore Target Rifle is an outdoor shoo2ng discipline that uses high powered rifles. The most common class of compe22on, TR, is restricted to using 5.56mm NATO and

7.62mm NATO calibre rifles. •  In Fullbore Target Rifle, compe2tors earn points with shots in a five-‐ring target, and the shooter with the most points at the end of the compe22on wins. Shooters always fire

from a prone posi2on. •  Compe2tors shoot distances at ranges every 100m between 300m and 1000m. Galleries are typically from five to 40 targets wide, depending on the number of compe2tors for

which the range has been designed. Running target •  Running target involves shoo2ng at targets with dedicated target air rifles and four scopes from 10m. Maximum rifle weight is 5.5kg. The match consists of 30 shots 'slow runs'

and 30 shots 'fast runs'. Slow runs means the target takes five seconds to pass across a 2m gap. Fast runs means the target passes the same gap in 2.5 seconds. •  10m air rifle (60 shots) men •  10m air rifle (40 shots) women

•  Pistol •  Pistol shoo2ng comprises a number of types including rapid fire, sports pistol, centre fire, standard pistol, 50m pistol, air pistol and others. For pistol events, targets are at 50m

and 25m for the rapid fire and sport pistol events and 10m for the air pistol. The shooter must stand free, without support, with both feet and/or shoes completely within the firing point. The pistol must be held and fired with one hand only. The wrist must be visibly free of support.

•  10m air pistol (60 shots) men •  10m air pistol (40 shots) women •  25m rapid fire pistol (60 shot) men •  25m pistol (30+30 shot) women •  50m pistol (60 shots) men

•  Spor=ng clays •  Spor2ng clays is a clay target discipline to simulate the type of shoo2ng one could normally expect in the field while hun2ng. The size of the targets, their speed and angles of

flight are all variable, making spor2ng clays a challenging clay target sport. •  Unlike conven2onal clay target shoo2ng, where all targets follow regular and standard trajectories from course to course, no two spor2ng clays grounds are the same and no

two grounds have the same targets. In spor2ng clays, aspects of natural terrain at the ground are u2lised so that compe2tors are shoo2ng amongst trees, rocks, uphill, downhill and overhead.

The different types of targets are: •  standard clays •  'midis' or 'minis' which are smaller •  the larger but very thin 'babue' targets that turn on their side at the end of their trajectories •  hard-‐rimmed 'rabbit' targets that roll along the ground •  the smallest of all, the 'super-‐mini' is a high-‐speed midget •  Targets are thrown in single and double forma2on, and in combina2ons of different sizes and at infinitely variable speeds, from angles of all points of the

compass around the compe2tor. A single round of spor2ng clays consists of 25 targets.

•  Shotgun •  Clay target shoo2ng is one of the most popular target shoo2ng sports. The firearm used is a shotgun with spinning saucer-‐shaped clay targets (normally 100mm

in diameter and 20mm thick) that are thrown by machine at variable speeds and trajectories to provide the shooter with a small, moving target. Other clay target disciplines such as skeet and trap have set target trajectories.

•  Trap (125 targets) men •  Trap (75 targets) women •  Double trap (120 targets) men •  Skeet (125 targets) men •  Skeet (75 targets) women

•  The special considera2ons taken are: •  Distance to exix2ng or planned building areas and to inhabited houses; planned shoo2ng direc2on; soil condi2ons; supply arrangements and waste disposal facili2es; situa2on

in rela2on to road and rail links and parking spaces. •  It is important to assess whether it is possible or necessary to deviate from local guidelines. The control of noise pollu2on is a legal necessity and must be planned from the

beginning. For open ranges, in the par2cular allowance sholud be made for addi2onal noise redu2on measures. These can be built-‐in in separate building phases. Approval and permission procedures are determined by na2onal and local regula2ons.

•  The design and size of a shoo2ng range should facilitate the economic construc2on of any necessary future addi2ons and extension

JUDO Dimensions for Judo The compe22on area is a minimum of 14m x 14m and a maximum of 16m x 16m and is covered by tatamis or similarly acceptable green material. The compe22on area is divided into two zones. • The contest area is a minimum of 8m x 8m or a maximum of 10m x 10m. Surrounding the contest area is a 1m wide danger zone. • The safety area outside the danger zone is 3m wide. • The compe22on area must be fixed to a resilient floor or playorm. Where two or more adjoining compe22on areas are used, a common safety area of between 3m and 4m is necessary. • A free zone of 50cm must be maintained around the compe22on area. • A strip of blue and a strip of white adhesive tape, 10cm wide and 50cm long, are fixed on the centre of the contest area 4m apart. This is the star2ng posi2on at which the contestants must start and end the contest. The blue tape is fixed to the referee’s right and the white to his leD. • Clear headroom 3.5 to 7.6m.

Floor mats Sec2onal mats 2*1m are close laid to make up contest/compe22on areas. Internal environment Background hea2ng of only 10-‐12.5 deg C Adequate ven2la2on is important to prevent the atmosphere becoming humid causing excessive perspira2on. A damp mat soon becomes dangerous. Storage One 16X16m compe22on area requires 128 mats , best stored on trollies ready for easy use and to avoid mishandling. Storage is also required for match officials table, scoreboard.2mer and pool sheet no2ce board.

Archery

•  Archery is the art of shoo2ng arrows from a bow at a target. Although it is essen2ally an individual pursuit, it is possible to par2cipate as a member of a team. Compe22ons in the sport of archery are classified in the following disciplines:

•  Outdoor target archery •  Indoor target archery •  Field archery •  Para-‐archery •  Run archery •  Clout archery •  Flight archery •  3D archery •  Outdoor target archery •  Target archery is the most popular form of archery prac2sed worldwide. Target archery events are called rounds and these consist of a number of ends

at different distances. •  Field of play layout •  The field of play is divided into shoo2ng lanes containing one to four target bubs. A line parallel to the shoo2ng like is marked 3m in front of the

shoo2ng line. •  A wai2ng line is marked at least 5m behind the shoo2ng line. A media line is marked one meter in front of the wai2ng line. •  Barriers for the public are erected to keep spectators safe. These barriers must be: •  At least 20m away from the sides of the first and last target set at 90m. •  10m behind the wai2ng line. •  At least 50m beyond the 90m target line. •  The backstop must be high enough to stop arrows which have just missed the top of the bub at 90m. •  Field archery •  Field archery requires shoo2ng uphill and downhill. Athletes shoot on marked (known) and unmarked (unknown) distances, from 5 to 60 meters,

depending on the division. Shots are uphill, downhill, with various condi2ons, forcing the athletes to adapt on each shot. •  The course should not be posi2oned higher than 1800m above sea level and the maximum difference between the highest and the lowest point in a

course should not be more than 100m. •  The field course is arranged so that the shoo2ng posi2ons and the targets can be reached without undue difficulty, hazard or waste of 2me. Field

courses should be as condensed as possible. The walking distance from the central (assembly) area to the furthest target should be no more than one kilometre or 15 minutes normal walking.

•  The course must include safe paths for judges, medical personnel and to allow for transporta2on of equipment around the course whilst shoo2ng is in progress.

•  Indoor target archery •  Indoor target archery is shot at 18 or 25 meters a the same targets as outdoor target archery. The

venue generally has a polished wooden floor or a concrete floor and the range layout similar to outdoor field archery.

•  Barriers to keep spectators back are erected at least 10m from the end of the target line and are a minimum of 5m behind the wai2ng line. Spectators are not allowed beyond the target line.

Diagramma2c se>ng out of targets and archers for the various recognised lenghts of rounds Ligh=ng • Fluorescent overhead light fixtures are recommended because of the uniform illumina2on and lack of harsh shadows Walls and safety nets • Where a passage way is necesarry for other users of the hall(best to be avoided) or where simultaneous use of adjacent hall space is unavoidable, provide a con2nuous safety screen of white archery mesh, or stop ne>ng between other ac2vi2es.

TABLE TENNIS Playing area These are the minimum size dimensions needed for the playing area (this means the area required for one table tennis table), based on the standard of table tennis compe22on being played: Interna=onal Events, World Championships & Olympic Games 14m x 7m (46 feet x 23 feet) Na=onal tournaments 12m x 6m (40 feet x 20 feet) Na=onal league / Representa=ve matches 10m x 5m (33 feet x 16 feet 6 inches) Local league / Local tournaments 9m x 5m (30 feet x 16 feet 6 inches) Recrea=onal play and coaching 8.5m x 4.12m (28 feet x 13 feet 6 inches) Ligh=ng The minimum light intensity over the whole of the playing surface (measured at the table surface height) and the clear height from the floor to the light should be as follows: World Championships & Olympic Games 1,000 lux 5m (16 feet 6 inches) above the floor Other Interna=onal and Na=onal tournaments 750 -‐ 1,000 lux 4m (13 feet) above the floor Na=onal league / Representa=ve matches 500 lux 3m (10 feet) above the floor Local league / Local tournaments 500 lux 3m (10 feet) above the floor Recrea=onal play and coaching 300 lux 3m (10 feet) above the floor

Materials The table is made with a Masonite (a type of hardboard) or similarly manufactured 2mber, layered with a smooth, low-‐fric2on coa2ng. Wooden semi-‐sprung floors provide the best surface, whilst solid concrete and carpeted floors are totally unsuitable. The flooring must also provide a good contrast between the table top surface and the surrounding areas, both for the benefit of the players and the spectators, so it should be non-‐reflec2ve. The floor must also be smooth and level and able to support the weight of the table tennis table and the players. Mul=-‐table venue When using a table tennis room size that can accommodate mul2ple tables, they should be arranged side by side rather than long ways. For example, in a badminton court you can get four tables side by side. This provides enough room for recrea2onal play or coaching. Ideally, leaving a gangway between the playing areas gives access to each court without the need to disturb the other courts.

CYCLING

Length Olympic standard velodromes are minimum 250m in circumference. Other velodromes can range from 133m to 500m, although 250m is the most popular length used in all major events. The length of the track is measured 20cm above the inner edge of the track. For outdoor tracks the minimum 250m in length s2ll applies but there is no maximum. The length of a track is such that a whole number of laps or half laps is a distance of one kilometre. For example: 50m track is four laps = 1km 333.333m track is three laps = 1km 500m track is two laps = 1km The width of the track is 5m−10m, depending on the category of racing. Ligh=ng There must be an even spread over the surface of the track without definite pools of light. Surface light values for an indoor track are 300 lux for training or general ac2vity and 600 lux for racing events. A minimum of 1400 lux is required for elite interna2onal events. Track terminology: Blue band and safety zone A rideable area sky-‐blue in colour known as the ‘blue band’ is located along the inside edge of the track. The width is at least 10 per cent of the width of the track. Immediately inside the blue band there is a marked safety zone. The combined width of the blue bank and safety zone is at least 4m for a 250m track and 2.5m for tracks shorter than 250m. Measuring line A black line in a white background, drawn 20cm from the inside edge of the track, numbered every 10m and marked every 5m. Sprinters line Red line marked 85cm from the inner edge of the track. Stayers line Blue line drawn at one third of the total width of the track or 2.45m (whichever is the greater) from the inner edge of the track. Finish line It is a black perpendicular line 4cm wide at the centre of a white bank 72cm wide, situated towards the end of one of the straights and at least a few metres before the start of the banking. 200 metre line A white line is drawn across the track 200m before the finish line, from which point 2mes will be taken for sprint events. Pursuit lines Two red lines half the width of the track in length, perpendicular to the track and in line with one another, drawn at the midpoint of each straight to mark the finish point for pursuit events.

Materials Velodrome tracks are constructed from a variety of materials, including concrete, cinders, wood, asphalt, and in the early days, grass.

FENCING Field of play The piste or fencing mat is made of a conduc2ve surface such as copper mesh or aluminium plate. It is a strip at least 1.5m wide and 14m long with an extension or runback of 1.5m at either end. It should have an even surface. There is a centre line and two en-‐garde lines 2m either side of the centre. There are warning lines 2m from either end of the strip to let a retrea2ng fencer know that he is nearly out of space.

Materials There are three different types of piste: 1. Rubber conduc2ve piste Made from conduc2ve material with a rubber back; lightweight, approximately 25 kg. 2. Aluminium sec2on piste Made from sec2ons of rolled aluminium which are bolted together; weighs approximately 300 kg. 3. Metallic piste Made from woven metal with no backing; weighs approximately 70 kg. Ligh=ng The lux required for recrea2on and training is 500 and for compe22on is 700.

Office of the Director -‐ minimum surface : 30 m². -‐ at least 3 tables of 2 m. in length with chairs. -‐ 1 computer to run the compe22on with 1 printer (if possible laser). -‐ 1 computer with printer, with text and table soDwares. -‐ With access to internet. -‐ 1 fast photocopier. -‐ 1 telephone and 1 fax machine. -‐ 1 microphone to supply informa2on on the en2re site of the compe22on. -‐ 1 space reserved for the FIE Refereeing Delegate .

Zone for the pos=ng of results Large boards will be set up in a space large enough to allow an easy consulta2on for a large number of persons. Several spaces will be put in place. Other areas -‐ 1 room to welcome the First Aid Sta2on. -‐ 1 room for the an2-‐doping control, incorpora2ng wai2ng room and adjoining toilets. -‐  1 workshop for weapon repair, provided with two work benches -‐ 1 rest room for the referees.

Programs required Rooms for checking weapons and equipment -‐ a large room to welcome the fencers and allow the storage of equipments to be checked. -‐ -‐ a room adjacent to the precedent one with the necessary equipment to check the weapons and equipments, in conformity with the FIE norms.

WEIGHTLIFTING Compe==on placorm The playorm is a 4m square. If the floor surrounding the playorm is the same or similar colour, the top edge of the playorm must have a different coloured line of at least 150mm. A clear 1m area surrounding the playorm is compulsory. This area must be flat and free from any obstacle including discs. Weightliding compe==on area The height of the playorm is between 50mm and 150mm. If the playorm is above ground level, a restraining bar at least the width of the playorm is suitably and safely fixed to the stage, at least 1m in front of the playorm. Where a prescribed playorm is not available the compe22on may be conducted within a 4m square marked clearly on the floor. In this case the athlete is only regarded as leaving the playorm if during the execu2on of the liD the athlete’s feet completely leave the marked area. The centre referee must be seated 4m away (measured from the front of the playorm to the rear of the referee’s table) and in line with its centre. The side referees must be seated on the same line as the centre referee, 3m−4m apart. Materials The platform is made of wood, plastic or any solid material and can be covered with a non-slippery material.

Equestrian

MATERIAL Levelled top soil with clay LIGHTING Natural day light or good ligh2ng of 300-‐380 lux Glare ra2ng 50 ACOUSTICS Walls and ceiling have to be treated in indoor scenario AGE GROUP Minimum age for interna2onal compe22ons is 16 PROGRAM REQUIRED

ORIENTATION The Olympic gymnas2cs floor mat performance area must be horizontal, with no slopes or rises, gaps or varia2on in the surface. The border area that surrounds the performance area can slope downward as much as 25 percent to meet the floor. MATERIAL Wooden base with the top layer of special synthe2c gymnas2cs mats LIGHTING 350-‐500 lux Glare ra2ng 50 ACOUSTICS No special acous2cal treatment required PROGRAM REQUIRED Warm up area and mini gym required Toilets and change rooms AGE GROUP Minimum age for interna2onal compe22ons is 16

GYMNASTICS

ATHLETICS

ORIENTATION Between 20° west of north and 35° east of north MATERIALS Tar road or cement or levelled top soil with clay LIGHTING 500 lux Glare ra2ng 50 PROGRAMS REQUIRED Warm up area and mini gym required Toilets and change rooms AGE GROUP There are no general restric2ons among the Interna2onal Federa2ons on an "upper" age limit. To compete in the Olympics, a person must be 16 during the calendar year in which the Olympics are held.

WRESTLING

MATERIALS Wooden floor base with canvas on top LIGHTING Training is 500 lux and for compe22on is 1000 lux. Glare ra2ng 50 ACOUSTICS Walls and ceiling have to be treated PROGRAMS REQUIRED Warm up area and mini gym required Toilets and change rooms AGE GROUP Must be at least 17 on day of Opening Ceremonies

BOXING MATERIALS Wooden floor base with canvas on top LIGHTING Training is 500 lux and for compe22on is 1000 lux. Glare ra2ng 50 ACOUSTICS Walls and ceiling have to be treated PROGRAMS REQUIRED Warm up area and mini gym required Toilets and change rooms AGE GROUP 17-‐32

BADMINTON

Space over court The minimum height from the floor over the full court for interna2onal compe22on is 12m. Club standard play is 9.14m. The required height is en2rely free of all obstruc2ons and light fi>ngs over the area of the court. MATERIAL It is desirable to have a wooden sprung floor together with approved non-‐slip court mats. Hova courts-‐synthe2c . LIGHTING Dark background-‐ to easily spot the shuble Min 1000 lux-‐ ligh2ng High ceiling light preferred-‐ along the sides of the court. No natural ligh2ng

OTHER SPACES Locker room-‐ 20 lockers (locker size 550*600*750) Changing room – 5 rooms (1000*1000)

ACOUSTICS Idoor Badminton Court Polyster Fibre Echo Eliminator Panels

Material Acous2c Board is made of 100% fiber which has excellent sound absorpton effect.

Size 2440x1220x9mm 2440x1220x12mm or customized

Installa=on You can use glue or universal glue; also can use nail to fix it.

Court dimensions The court size for singles is 13.4m x 5.18m (playing area = 69.41m² I ncluding boundary lines) 13.4m x 6.1m (playing area = 81.74m² including boundary lines.

Space about court At least 2m clear space surrounding all the outer lines of the courts . A minimum requirement of 2m between any two courts marked out side by side. Posts and nets Posts are 1.55m in height The net is 760mm in depth and a minimum of 6.1m wide. The top of the net from the surface of the court is 1.524m at the centre of the court and 1.55m over the sidelines for doubles.

TENNIS

THE COURT The court is a rectangle, 23.77m long and for singles matches, 8.23m wide. For doubles matches, the court is 10.97m wide. Posts 1.07m high. Net -‐0.914m high For doubles matches, net posts -‐ 0.914m.

ORIENTATION North-‐ south

SPACE AROUND THE COURT For interna2onal compe22ons, min distance between baselines and backstops is 6.4m. Min distance between side lines and sidestops is 3.66m. The minimum height to the ceiling is 9.14m for indoor tennis. The min distance between 2 courts is not less than 3.658m.

MATERIALS Base-‐concrete

Court surfaces Acrylic-‐ textured, pigmented, resin-‐bound coa2ng Ar2ficial clay -‐ synthe2c surface with the appearance of clay Ar2ficial grass-‐ synthe2c surface with the appearance of natural grass Asphalt-‐ bitumen-‐bound aggregate Carpet-‐ tex2le of polymeric material supplied in rolls or sheets Clay-‐ unbound mineral aggregate Concrete-‐ cement-‐bound aggregate Grass-‐ natural grass

LIGHTING Min 1000 lux Flood lights at 8m ht

OTHER SPACES Locker room-‐ 20 lockers (locker size 550*600*750) Changing room – 5 rooms (1000*1000)

CRICKET

The pitch A turf pitch is 20.12m long and 3.05m wide. A non-‐turf pitch is a minimum length of 17.68m and a minimum of 1.83m wide In the case of a turf pitch, the slope of the pitch should not exceed 1 per cent and follow the slope pabern of the oval. If the oval is centre sloped, the pitch square should also slope from the centre. The amount of fall should therefore not exceed 30mm across a 3.05m strip or 200mm along its length, being as flat as possible at the centre. The pitch square should be about 75mm above the level of the ouyield to allow for surface drainage off the pitch.

ORIENTATION North-‐south

CRICKET FIELD . There are no fixed dimensions for the field but its diameter varies between

137m and 150m. Ideally, the oval should fall in all direc2ons from the centre, but failing this, should have a single phase slope of one per cent in any convenient direc2on. If the oval is on a very well drained soil, no slope is required

LIGHTING non-‐televised training ─ 250 lux non-‐televised match ─ 500 to 700 lux televised match ─ 1400 lux

CRICKET

Modified outdoor cricket for juniors

Game type Age group Boundary (measurement from centre of pitch) Pitch length In2cricket 8-‐10 years Up to 40m 13m-‐18m Dual pitch or 20/20 11-‐12 years 40m-‐45m 18m-‐20.12m 1 day limited overs Under 13 50m maximum 8m-‐20.12m 1 day limited overs Under 14 50m maximum 20.12m 1 or 2 days limited overs Under 15 standard 20.12m

Super 8 cricket Super 8 cricket is an introductory modified games program for upper primary school aged children. Each team is allowed six to a maximum of 10 players. Only approved plas2c equipment is used. The stumps are a single plas2c mould with weighted base. The pitch is 14m−16m long and can be any reasonably flat surface. The distance from pitch to boundary should not exceed 30m.

CRICKET

Indoor cricket Indoor cricket is a varia2on of standard cricket. A game is played with two teams, each with a maximum of eight players or, in some rare cases, six . Indoor cricket is played on a rectangular, ar2ficial grass-‐surfaced court. The court is enclosed in 2ghtly tensioned ne>ng, including a 4m high ‘ceiling’. Courts are usually constructed in factory units or purpose-‐built centres.

Playing area/net dimensions The court is rectangular, 28m−30m long, 10.5m−12m wide, and roofed by flat ne>ng at 4m and 4.5m high. The walls are also of flexible ne>ng. The cricket pitch is 20m long and 1.8m wide, covered with ar2ficial turf, with the striker’s end close to one end of the court.

The net The net enclosing an indoor cricket court is very 2ghtly tensioned The court is defined by a cubic frame of high-‐strength steel cable, to which the ne>ng is securely abached. Tensioning of the net is achieved by tensioning of this ‘cube’. The lower four cables of the cube are secured directly into the concrete floor. The four lower corners are tensioned to anchor points set into the concrete. The top four cables are all fastened at the corners to anchor points, located on the ceiling/inner-‐roof. These take the main tension and help form the ‘box’ structure of the cables. These top cables are then further fastened to the ceiling for addi2onal support. The shape of the box thus formed is achieved by adjus2ng the tension mainly in the eight corners, with finer tuning possible by individually adjus2ng the extra abachments along the top edges.

Ligh=ng The min ligh2ng is between 1000 and1500 lux. Generally a system of horizontal, fluorescent luminaires, fibed with reflectors and mounted at right angles to the pitch. The reflectors must screen both batsman and bowler from direct view of this light source.

FOOTBALL

THE GROUND The length of the sideline must be longer than the length of the goal line. Measurements are as following Length-‐min-‐90m max-‐120m width ─ min-‐ 45m max-‐ 90m Interna2onal matches length ─ 105m width ─ 68m It is recommended that there is a minimum 3m space around the pitch. In the interest of player safety it is advisable to increase this distance wherever possible.

Field markings Goal & Corner flags A flag post, minimum height 1.5m, with a non-‐pointed top

Coaching and team areas Team benches separa2on by 9.15m neutral zone, at least 3.05m from the touch line. Situated 3.05m from the touch line and extending 18.29m from the 5m neutral zone measured from the halfway line in both direc2ons.

MATERIALS Base-‐ leveled top soil with sand or clay Surface-‐ natural or ar2ficial turf LIGHTING The space above the playing field is uniformly illuminated up to a height of approximately 15m. In order to meet the visual requirements of the goalkeeper in defending the goal area, some backligh2ng from a corner loca2on is required.

FOOTBALL

Below are the recommended lux levels : all, physical training Club compe22on, match prac2ce Compe22on

Amateur and semi-‐professional 50 lux 100 lux 200 lux

Professional 100 lux 200 lux 500 lux

OTHER SPACES Locker room-‐ (locker size 550*600*750) Changing room – (1000*1000)

FOOTBALL

FUTSAL Futsal is the only form of ‘indoor soccer’ or ‘five-‐a-‐side’ that is officially approved by FIFA and Football Federa2on Australia (FFA)

Pitch The pitch surface is rectangularThe dimensions of a pitch are follows: Minimum Maximum Length 25m 42m Width 15m 25m Interna2onal matches

Length 38m 42m Width 18m 25m

Subs=tu=on zones The subs2tu2on zones are 5m in length and situated in front of the team benches. They are marked at each end by a line 8cm wide and 80cm in length, 40cm of which is drawn on the pitch and 40cm off the pitch. The area in front of the 2mekeeper’s table, 5m to either side of halfway line, is kept clear. Goals The distance (inside measurement) between the posts is 3m and the distance from the lower edge of the crossbar to the ground is 2m. The goal posts and crossbar have the same width and depth of 8cm. Nets made of hemp, jute or nylon are abached to the back of the goalposts and crossbar. The lower part of the net is abached to curved tubing or another means of support. The depth of the goal is at least 80cm at the top and 100cm at ground level. The goals must have a stabilising system that prevents them from overturning. Portable goals may be used provided they are as stable as normal goals.

MATERIALS At interna2onal level futsal is played either on a wooden or a synthe2c floor that is smooth and flat and does not restrict the roll of the ball. At other levels futsal is played on a variety of surfaces including astroturf. Concrete or tarmac should be avoided.

SMALL SIDED GAMES (SSG) SSG is the FFA’s modified game for children 6−12 years old. The aim is to give young girls and boys the maximum opportunity to par2cipate in soccer. This program replaces Rooball, with the implementa2on to be complete by 2012. This is all about ‘kids’ soccer’. Kids play on smaller fields with less players, fewer rules and modified equipment. As a result, they get more touches of the ball, more goals scored, increased ac2vity and a lot more fun. SSG is played on any field or open arena. The new age football program is divided into four age specific groups and games: Under 9−10s (Football 7’s) ─ 7 v 7 games on macro fields about a quarter of the size of an adult field Under 11−12s (Football 9’s) ─ 9 v 9 on maxi fields about half an adult-‐sized field Following are diagrams of the FFA’s suggested layouts for SSG football grounds using a full size adult soccer pitch -‐ 120m long x 90m wide (maximum). Football 7s: (players aged 9–10) Number of players ─ seven field players plus three interchange players Field size ─ 40m x 30m Game 2me ─ 2 x 25 mins The ball ─ approved size 4 ball

FOOTBALL

Football 9s: (players aged 11–12) Number of players ─ nine field players plus three interchange players Field size ─ 60m x 40m Game 2me ─ 2 x 30 mins The ball ─ approved size 4 ball

HOCKEY

Hockey -‐ field

Field of play The field of play or pitch is rectangular, 91.4m long and 55m wide Run-‐off The playing surface must extend at least 3m at the end and 2m at the sidelines. These are minimum

requirements with the respec2ve recommended areas being 4m plus 1m and 3m plus 1m (that is, a total of 5m at the ends and 4m at the sides of the field).

Goals Two white, ver2cal goal posts 2.14m high are joined by a white, horizontal crossbar 3.66m wide.

Sideboards 460mm high and 1.20m wide are placed at right angles to the goal line. Backboards 460mm high and 3.66m wide are placed at right angles to the sideboards and are fixed to the end of the sideboards. Nets are fibed loosely to the back of the goal posts and crossbar at intervals not more than 150mm.

MATERIALS played on grass or synthe2c surfaces. LIGHTING Recommended ligh2ng criteria for outdoor hockey Ligh2ng system Lux Major grade club, na2onal and interna2onal) Side (4 + 4 pole 500 corner (4 poles) Ball training, junior and minor grade compe22on Side (4 + 4 poles) 250 corner (4 poles) Physical training only

Side 20

INDOOR HOCKEY Indoor hockey or floorball is a version of hockey that is played indoors on a hard, smooth and flat

surface and is usually played in a sports hall. It is a six-‐a-‐side game.

The main difference between indoor and outdoor hockey is that the ball may only be pushed and not hit. Indoor hockey has sideboards along both sidelines which keeps the ball in play.

The pitch The field of play is rectangular, not less than 36m or more than 44m long and not less than 18m or more

than 22m wide. Recommended run-‐off areas are 5m at the backlines and 4m at the sidelines. The two goals at either end of the fields are 3m wide by 2m high.

Sideboards 100mm high run along both sidelines of the pitch. The sideboards must be made of wood or materials with similar physical proper2es

. The goals posts are 2m high to the underside of the crossbar. The crossbar is 3m long between the inside edge of the goal posts. The nets are abached to the goal posts at 150mm intervals.

Ligh=ng training and local club play ─ 500 lux major regional and interna2onal matches ─ 750 lux televised matches ─ 1000 lux.

ICE HOCKEY In ice hockey, two teams, each comprised of six players, use a s2ck to hit a puck. The object of the game

is to put the puck into the opposi2on’s goal and keep it out of your goal. The aim is to score more goals than the opposi2on.

Dimensions of the ice rink Maximum size ─ 61m long x 30m wide (interna2onal compe22on).

Minimum size ─ 56m long x 26m wide. The rink is surrounded by a wall painted white known as the 'boards'. The boards are a minimum of

1.7m high to a maximum of 1.22m high. All doors giving access to the ice surface must swing away from the ice surface. For interna2onal compe22ons, protec2ve glass and end zone nets are obligatory. The glass is 160cm to

200cm high on the ends and extends 4m from the goal line. Goals Goal nets are located in the centre of the goal lines. Goal posts are 1.22m high and 1.83m wide. The goal

posts and horizontal crossbar are painted red. A white nylon cord net encloses the back of the net to prevent the puck from going through.

Ligh=ng Fluorescent lamps are generally used because of the more light per wab and long life expectancy.

Recommended are lamps 30−80 wabs.

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