Research Article Annotated checklist of the fishes of the ...

1

Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171 Received: January 17, 2019

© 2019 Iranian Society of Ichthyology Accepted: October 7, 2019

P-ISSN: 2383-1561; E-ISSN: 2383-0964 doi: 10.22034/iji.v6i0.454

http://www.ijichthyol.org

Research Article

Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf: Diversity and

conservation status

Soheil EAGDERI*1, Ronald FRICKE2, Hamid Reza ESMAEILI3, Paria JALILI1

1Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

2Im Ramstal 76, 97922 Lauda-Königshofen, Germany.

3Ichthyology and Molecular Systematics Research Laboratory, Zoology Section, Department of Biology, College of

Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. *Email: [email protected]

Abstract: This checklist aims to reviews and summarize the results of the systematic researches on the Persian Gulf ichthyofauna that has been carried out for more than 200 years. Since the work of C. Niebuhr, a Danish biologist in the 18th century, the number of valid species has increased significantly and the systematic status of many of the species has changed, and reorganization and updating of the published information has become essential. Here we take the opportunity to provide a new and updated checklist of fishes of Persian Gulf based on literature and taxon occurrence data obtained from natural history and new fish collections. The total confirmed fish species of Persian Gulf comprise 744 species, 131 families, 445 genera and 27 orders. In the class Chondrichthyes, the most diverse family is Charcharhinidae with 23 species (41.89%), followed by Dasyatidae with 15 species (31.08%). Within the class Actinopterygii, Gobiidae with 65 species (9.70%), Carangidae with 45 species (6.27%), Serranidae with 25 species (3.73%), Apogonidae with 25 species (3.73%), Lutjanidae with 23 species (3.43%) and Blenniidae with 23 species (3.43%) are the most diverse families in the Persian Gulf.

Keywords: Fish diversity, Indo-Pacific, Persian Gulf, Oman Sea, Iran.

Citation: Eagderi, S.; Fricke, R.; Esmaeili, H.R. & Jalili, P. 2019. Annotated checklist of the

fishes of the Persian Gulf: Diversity and conservation status. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology

6(Suppl. 1): 1-171.

Introduction

The Persian Gulf lies entirely north of the tropic of

Cancer and therefore, it can be considered as a sub-

tropical region. It has been located within the large,

arid East Asian land mass having more tropical

climate in summer, and more temperate climate in

winter (Michel et al. 1986; Sheppard 1993). The

Persian Gulf is semi-enclosed about 1,000km long

and 200-300km wide with an average depth of 36m

and a maximum depth of 120m (Michel et al. 1986).

It is separated from the Makran/Oman Sea by the

Strait of Hormuz, which is restricted to 56km at its

narrowest point (Carpenter et al. 1997). Its intertidal

areas are extensive with very gradual slopes from the

supra-littoral to several km offshore. In several

regions, frequent uplifted rocky areas (commonly

reef) add relief to a generally very level terrain

(Sheppard 1993).

The Persian Gulf comprises a large shallow

marine environment with wide fluctuations in

temperature and salinity due to its climatic regime.

Hence, its fish species must be capable of

withstanding the stress of osmotic and temperature

extremes (Carpenter et al. 1997). Seawater

temperatures of the Persian Gulf can exceed 34°C in

summer and might be less than 15°C in winter (Rezai

et al. 2004). One important feature associated with

such a conditions is high salinity, which is commonly

over 40ppt, rises to over 50ppt across large areas, and

even exceeds 70ppt in most embayments that have

some degree of ponding (Sheppard 1993).

Furthermore, the narrow Strait of Hormuz limits

larval dispersal from adjacent seas and hence is

another factor shaping the species composition of the

2

Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1-171

Persian Gulf. It was part of a semi-enclosed marine

basin that was completely dry as recently as 20000

years ago during the late Pleistocene ice age (see also

Esmaeili et al. 2014), thus its current species

composition is mostly derived from re-colonisation

by the Indo-Pacific biota. During the Last Glacial

Maximum (LGM) of the Late Pleistocene (21,000-

18,000 y. BP), the floor of the Persian Gulf was

exposed due to the global fall in sea level, and it later

affected the diversity of both freshwater and marine

fishes (Esmaeili et al. 2014).

Study of the fishes of the Persian Gulf was started

by P. Forsskål, a Danish biologist, at nineteen century

(Fricke 2008). Subsequent studies have yielded

dramatic increases in our knowledge of the

biodiversity of the Persian Gulf and Makran Sea

fishes and accounts have been published by many

authors in different countries describing and

discussing fishes subsequently found in the region

(Regan 1905; Holly 1929; Blegvad & Løppenthin

1944; Fowler & Steinitz 1956; Menon 1960; Khalaf

1961; Mahdi 1962; Kuronuma & Abe 1972, 1986;

Nellen 1973; Kuronuma 1974; Basson et al. 1977;

Relyea 1981). In more recent years, Fischer &

Bianehi (1984), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Ahmed

(1986), Carpenter et al. (1997), Springer & Williams

(1994), Randall et al. (1994); Randall (1995a),

Ghanbarifardi & Malek (2007), Al-Jufaili (2010),

Ghanbarifardi et al. (2014 a, b), Ghanbarifardi et al.

(2016), Sadeghi et al. (2017, 2019a), Mehraban &

Esmaeili (2017) and Sadeghi & Esmaeili (2019a, b)

have contributed more about the diversity of fishes in

this region, particularly in the Persian Gulf and

Makran Sea.

According to Blegvad & Loppenthin (1936-1938),

fish species of the Iranian Gulf comprise 214 species

within 70 families. Kuronuma & Abe (1972) also

provided the fish species list of Kuwait’s

ichthyofaunal reporting 465 species within 101

families. Furthermore, Fischer & Bianchi (1984)

have provided a five-volume guide book regarding

the fishes of the western Indian Ocean region served

as the most authoritative source for fish identification

and distributions for the Persian Gulf. This five-

volume publication did not cover all fish groups

thoroughly, and many of the distributions were not

well-known at the time of publication. Morever, a

wide range of articles are now being published on the

biology, biogeography and genetic variation of fishes

(e.g., Teimori et al. 2012, 2014; Ghanbarifardi et al.

2014a, b, 2016; Polgar et al. 2017). Hence, providing

an updated checklist and an accurate use of scientific

names is essential to communicate research results

effectively.

Materials and Methods

This checklist has been resulted from the works listed

in the references and also by examination or

accessing available data in ichthyological collections

in Iran (e.g., ZM-CBSU, Zoological Museum of

Shiraz University, Collection of Biology

Department, Shiraz; IMNRFI-UT, Ichtyological

Museum of Natural Resources Faculty, University of

Tehran, and Iranian Natural History Museum) and

extensive field expeditions till January 2019.

Higher classification follows Nelson (2006),

family classification follows Laan et al. (2014),

updated according to Fricke et al. (2019). The more

recent version of fishes of the world by Nelson et al.

(2016) has not been used here. The deadline for

including taxa in this checklist was September 2019.

Collection codes: AMNH, The American Museum of

Natural History, New York, NY, U.S.A.; BMNH,

The Natural History Museum, London, U.K.; CAS,

California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA,

U.S.A.; FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History,

Chicago, IL, U.S.A.; GCRL, Gulf Coast Research

Laboratory Museum, Ocean Springs, MS, U.S.A.;

IOM, P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology,

Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; LACM, Los

Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los

Angeles, CA, U.S.A.; MCZ, Museum of

Comparative Zoology, Harvard College, Boston,

MA, U.S.A.; MHNG, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle,

Département d'Herpétologie et Ichthyologie, Ville de

Genève, Genève, Switzerland; MNHN, Muséum

3

Eagderi et al.- Annotated checklist of the fishes of the Persian Gulf

National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; MRAC,

Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren,

Belgium; NMW, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien,

Austria; NRM, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet,

Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Ichthyology

Section, Stockholm, Sweden; RMNH, Naturalis -

National Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden,

Netherlands; SAIAB, South African Institute for

Aquatic Biodiversity, National Research Foundation,

Grahamstown, South Africa; SIO, Scripps Institution

of Oceanography, Marine Vertebrate Collection, La

Jolla, CA, U.S.A.; SMF, Senckenberg

Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Abteilung

Marine Zoologie, Sektion Ichthyologie, Frankfurt am

Main, Germany; UMMZ, University of Michigan

Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A; URUN,

Université de La Réunion, Laboratoire d'Ecologie

Marine (now Research Unit ENTROPIE), Saint-

Denis, La Réunion, France; USNM, Smithsonian

Institution National Museum of Natural History,

Department of Vertebrate Zioology, Division of

Fishes, Washington D.C., U.S.A.; WAM, Western

Australian Museum, Perth, WA, Australia; ZMH,

Universität Hamburg, Biozentrum Grindel und

Zoologisches Museum, Ichthyology, Hamburg,

Germany; ZIN, Laboratory of Ichthyology,

Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences,

St. Petersburg, Russia; ZMA, Universiteit van

Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Zoölogisch

Museum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ZMMU,

Zoological Museum, Biological Faculty, M. V.

Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia; ZM-

CBSU, Zoological Museum of Shiraz University,

Collection of Biology Department, Shiraz; ZMUC,

Københavns Universitet, Zoologisk Museum,

Vertebrater, Fiskesamlingen, Copenhagen,

Denmark.

Results

The total fish species of the Persian Gulf comprise

744 species in 445 genera, 131 families, 27 orders

and 2 classes. The class Chondrichthyes comprises

74 species in 45 genera, 22 families and 7 orders. The

most diverse order in this class is Carcharhiniformes

(31 species, 41.89%), followed by Myliobatiformes

(23 species, 31.08%). The most diverse family in

class Chondrichthyes is the family Carcharhinidae

(23 species, 31.08%), followed by Dasyatidae (14

species, 18.91%).

In class Actinopterygii, 670 species in 400 genera,

109 families, and 20 orders were listed. In this class,

the most diverse orders include the Perciformes (471

species, 70.30%), followed by Clupeiformes (38

species, 5.67%), Scorpaeniformes (31 species,

4.63%), Pleuronectiformes (28 specie, 4.18%) and

Tetraodontiformes (27 species, 4.03%). The most

diverse family in this class is Gobiidae (65 species,

9.70%), followed by Carangidae (42 species, 6.27%),

Serranidae (25 species, 3.73%), Apogonidae (25

Species, 3.73%), Lutjanidae (23 species, 3.43%) and

Blenniidae (23 species, 3.43%).

Checklist

Class CHONDRICHTHYES

Order CARCHARHINIFORMES

Family Carcharhinidae Jordan & Evermann, 1896

Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides (Whitley, 1934) -

Graceful shark

Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf

by Carpenter et al. (1997b); subsequerntly reported

by Moore et al. (2010, 2012a, 2012b), Jabado &

Ebert (2015), Jawad (2017) and Torquato et al.

(2017).

Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Aden and

Persian Gulf east to Philippines and Papua New

Guinea, north to Taiwan, south to northern Australia.

IUCN: Near Threatened (NT).

Persian Gulf material: BMNH 2008.7.28.4 (1),

BMNH 2010.2.8.2 (1, jaws only).

Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos (Bleeker 1856) -

Blacktail reef shark


by Moore et al. (2010); subsequerntly reported by

Moore et al. (2012b), Jabado & Ebert (2015) and

Jawad (2017).

4


Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific, Eastern

Pacific: East Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and

western Mascarenes east to Marquesas Islands and

Easter Island, north to South China Sea and Hawaiian

Islands, south to New Caledonia; Galapagos Islands.


Carcharhinus amboinensis (Müller & Henle, 1839) -

Pigeye shark


by Randall (1995a); subsequently reported by

Carpenter et al. (1997b), Moore et al. (2012a, 2012b),

Jabado & Ebert (2015) and Jawad (2017).

Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm

temperate seas, but not eastern Pacific.

IUCN: Data deficient (DD).

Carcharhinus brevipinna (Valenciennes in Müller &

Henle, 1839) -Spinner shark

Status in Persian Gulf: Reported from Persian Gulf

by Basson et al. (1981) as Carcharhinus maculipinnis; subsequently reported by

Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Kuronuma &

Abe (1986), Basson et al. (1997) as Carcharhinus maculipinnis, Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012a,

2012b), Jabado & Ebert (2015) and Jawad (2017).


temperate seas, but not in the eastern Pacific.

IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Remark: Isogomphodon maculipinnis Poey 1865 is a

junior synonym.

Carcharhinus dussumieri (Müller & Henle, 1839) -

Whitecheek shark (Kooseh-e-chaneh-e-sefid,

Persian)


by Compagno (1984b); subsequently reported by

Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Hussain et al. (1988),

Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter

et al. (1997a, 1997b), Bishop (2003) as Carcharhinus dussumieri and C. albimarginatus (non Rüppell

1837), Moore et al. (2012a, 2012b), White (2012),

Dehghani (2014), White & Weigmann (2014),

Jabado & Ebert (2015) and Ziyadi et al. (2018).

Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf

east to India.


Persian Gulf material: CSIRO H 6954–01 (1),

CSIRO H 6955–01 (1), CSIRO H 6957–01 (1),

CSIRO H 7255–01 (1), CSIRO H 7256–01 (1),

CSIRO H 7256–02 (1), UMPT 13 (5), UMPT 15 (1),

UMPT 19 (1).

Carcharhinus falciformis (Müller & Henle, 1839) -

Silky shark (Yaryoor, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Carcharias menisorrah; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950)

as Carcharhinus menisorrah, Menon (1960) as

Carcharhinus menisorrah, Khalaf (1961) as

Carcharhinus menisorrah, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Carcharias menisorrah, Kuronuma & Abe (1972,

1986) as Carcharhinus menisorrah, Basson et al.

(1981) as Carcharhinus menisorrah, Relyea (1981) as

Carcharhinus menisorah, Alec & Moore (2012),

Moore et al. (2012a) and Jabado & Ebert (2015).

Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical seas.

IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Remark: Carcharias menisorrah (Müller & Henle,

1839) is a junior synonym.

Carcharhinus humani White & Weigmann, 2014 -

Human’s whaler shark

Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf

in original description by White & Weigmann

(2014); previously reported by White (2012) as

Carcharhinus sp.; subsequently reported by Jabado &

Ebert (2015).

Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: South and East

Africa, Seychelles and Madagascar to Persian Gulf. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE).

Persian Gulf material: CSIRO H 6891-01 (1

paratype).

Carcharhinus leiodon Garrick, 1985 - Smooth tooth

blacktip shark

5



by Moore et al. (2012a); subsequently reported by

Moore et al. (2012b), Jabado et al. (2014) and Jabado

& Ebert (2015).

Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Gulf of

Aden to Persian Gulf.

IUCN: Vulnerable (VU).

Carcharhinus leucas (Müller & Henle, 1839) - Bull

shark


by Basson et al. (1981); subsequently reported by

Compagno (1984b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986),

Hussain et al. (1988), Krupp & Müller (1994),

Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000), Moore et al.

(2012a, 2012b), Jabado & Ebert (2015) and Jawad

(2017).



Carcharhinus limbatus (Müller & Henle, 1839) -

Blacktip shark



Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Carpenter et al. (1997b),

Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012a, 2012b), Jabado

& Ebert (2015), Spaet et al. (2015) and Jawad (2017).


temperate seas.


Carcharhinus macloti (Müller & Henle, 1839) -

Hardnose shark (Kooseh-e-noktiz, Persian)


by Moore et al. (2010); subsequently reported by

Moore et al. (2012a, 2012b) and Jabado & Ebert

(2015).

Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and

Persian Gulf east to Papua New Guinea, north to

Taiwan, south to Western Australia and Queensland

(Australia).


Persian Gulf material: CSIRO H.6888-1 (1, jaws

only).

Carcharhinus melanopterus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)

- Blacktip reef shark



Hussain et al. (1988) as Carcharhinus melanopteras,

Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Moore et al.

(2012a, 2012b) and Jabado & Ebert (2015).

Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East

Africa, South Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and

Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn

Group north to Taiwan, south to Queensland

(Australia) and New Caledonia.


Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo, 1827) - Sandbar

shark



Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Jabado

& Ebert (2015).


temperate seas, possibly absent from eastern Pacific.


Carcharhinus sealei (Pietschmann, 1913) - Blackspot

shark


by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as

Carcharhinus seali. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian

Gulf, Seychelles and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to

Philippines and New Guinea, north to South China

Sea, south to northern Australia.


Carcharhinus sorrah (Müller & Henle, 1839) - Spot-

tail shark (Kooseh-e-baleh-syah in Persian)


by Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981) as

Carcharhinus spallanzani; subsequently reported by

Randall (1986, 1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b),

6


Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012a, 2012b),

Dehghani (2014), Jabado & Ebert (2015) and Spaet

et al. (2015).


Africa, South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles,

Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to

Solomon Islands and northern Vanuatu, north to

Taiwan, south to New South Wales (Australia) and

New Caledonia.

IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Remark: Carcharhinus spallanzani (Péron &

Lesueur, 1822) is a junior synonym.

Galeocerdo cuvier (Péron & Lesueur, 1822) - Tiger

shark (Kooseh-e-babri, Persian)


by Basson et al. (1981) as Galeocerdo cuvieri; subsequently reported by Sivasubramaniam &

Ibrahim (1982b) as Galeocerdo cuvieri, Compagno

(1984b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Galeocerdo cuvieri, Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al.

(1997b), Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012b), Jabado

& Ebert (2015) and Jawad (2017).


temperate seas.


Remarks: Highly migratory species, Annex I of the

1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea (FAO,

Fisheries Department 1994).

Glyphis gangeticus (Müller & Henle, 1839) - Ganges

shark


of Bolster (1948) as Katharicus gangeticus;

subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as

Carcharhinus gangeticus, Khalaf (1961) as

Carcharhinus gangeticus, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Carcharias gangeticus, and Kuronuma & Abe (1986)

as Carcharhinus gangeticus.

Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf

(needs verification); Pakistan and India; Myanmar

(needs verification).

IUCN: Critically Endangered (CR).

Loxodon macrorhinus Müller & Henle 1839 - Sliteye

shark


by Moore et al. (2010); subsequently reported by

Moore et al. (2012a, 2012b), Jabado & Ebert (2015)

and Jabado et al. (2015a).



western Mascarenes east to New Guinea, north to

southern Japan, south to northern New South Wales

(Australia).

IUCN: Least concern (LC).

Negaprion acutidens (Rüppell, 1837) - Sicklefin

lemon shark


by Moore et al. (2010); previously reported by

Basson et al. (1981) as Negaprion brevirostris (non

Poey 1868), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Negaprion brevirostris (non Poey 1868); subsequently reported

by Moore et al. (2012b), Jabado et al. (2014), Jabado


Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and

South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar

and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Marshall Islands

and Society Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south

to Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia.

IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Rhizoprionodon acutus (Rüppell, 1837) - Milk shark Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf

by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Carcharias acutus; subsequently reported by Springer (1964),

Compagno (1984b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986),

Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997b),

Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012a, 2012b), Ali

(2013a), Dehghani (2014), Jabado & Ebert (2015),

Jabado et al. (2015a) and Ziyadi et al. (2018).


temperate seas.

IUCN: Least Concern (LC).

Persian Gulf material: UMPT 10 (2), USNM 148103

(1), USNM 148104 (3), ZMUC CN3 (1), ZMUC

7


CN4 (1).

Rhizoprionodon oligolinx Springer, 1964 - Grey

sharpnose shark


in original description by Springer (1964);

subsequently reported by Compagno (1984b),

Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop

(2003), Moore et al. (2012a, 2012b), Ali (2013a),

Jabado & Ebert (2015) and Ziyadi et al. (2018).

Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to

Gulf of Thailand, south to northern Australia.

IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: ZMUC CN5 (1).

Scoliodon laticaudus Müller & Henle, 1838 -

Spadenose shark



Carcharias palasorrah; subsequently reported by

Compagno (1984b), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop

(2003) and Jabado & Ebert (2015).

Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa,

Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to Philipines, north

to southern Japan.


Triaenodon obesus (Rüppell, 1837) - Whitetip reef

shark


by Jabado & Ebert (2015).

Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa,

South Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and

Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands, Panama and

Revillagigedo Archipelago, north to Ryukyu Islands

and Ogasawara Islands, south to New South Wales

(Australia), New Caledonia and Austral Islands.


Family Hemigaleidae

Chaenogaleus macrostoma (Bleeker, 1852) -

Hooktooth shark


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Hemigaleus balfouri; subsequently reported by Compagno

(1984b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Hemigaleus balfouri, Randall (1995a), Carpenter (1997b),

Compagno (1998), Bishop (2003), Moore et al.

(2012a, b), Ali (2013a) and Jabado & Ebert (2015).


Persian Gulf east to southern Indonesia, north to

China and Taiwan.

IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Remark: This name has been used indiscriminately

for the three species of hemigaleids in Indo-Pakistani

waters other than Hemipristis elongatus. Junior

synonym: Hemigaleus balfouri (Day, 1878).

Hemipristis elongata (Klunzinger, 1871) -

Snaggletooth shark


by Compagno (1984b) as Hemipristis elongatus;

subsequently reported by Carpenter (1997b) as

Hemipristis elongatus, Moore et al. (2010) as

Hemipristis elongatus, Moore et al. (2012b), Jabado



Africa east to Philippines, north to southern China,

south to northern Australia.


Paragaleus randalli Compagno, Krupp & Carpenter,

1996 - Slender weasel shark Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf

in original description by Compagno et al. (1996);

previously reported by Compagno (1988) as

Paragaleus sp. nov.; subsequently reported by

Carpenter (1997b), Moore et al. (2012a, b) and

Jabado & Ebert (2015).

Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and

Gulf of Oman east to South China Sea; north to

Taiwan.


Persian Gulf material: BPBM 21196 (holotype),

SMF 28109 (1 paratype), SNMNH F55 (1 paratype).

8


Family Sphyrnidae

Eusphyrna blochii (Cuvier, 1816) - Winghead shark


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Zygaena blochii; subsquently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Sphyrna blochii, Compagno (1984b) as Eusphyra blochii, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Sphyrna blochii, Randall (1995a) as Sphyrna blochii, Carpenter et al.

(1997b) and Jawad (2017).


Philippines, north to China, south to northern

Australia.

IUCN: Endangered (EN).

Sphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834) - Scalloped

hammerhead (Kooseh-e-sarchakoshi in Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf


Carpenter et al. (1997b), Moore et al. (2012a, 2012b),

Jabado & Ebert (2015), Spaet et al. (2015) and Jawad

(2017).

Distribution: Circumglobal in coastal warm

temperate and tropical seas (Compagno 1998).

Western Atlantic: New Jersey, USA to Uruguay

(Menni & Lucifora 2007), including the Gulf of

Mexico and Caribbean. Eastern Atlantic: western

Mediterranean (McEachran & Capapé 1984) to

Namibia (Springer 1990). Indo-Pacific: Persian Gulf,

Red Sea, East Africa and throughout the Indian

Ocean; Japan to New Caledonia, Hawaii and Tahiti.

Eastern Pacific: southern California, USA to

Ecuador, probably Peru.


Sphyrna mokarran (Rüppell, 1837) - Great

hammerhead Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf

by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b);

subsequently reported by Compagno (1984b),

Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Krupp & Müller (1994),

Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Moore et al.

(2012a, 2012b), Jabado & Ebert (2015) and Jawad

(2017).


temperate seas.

IUCN: Endangered (EN). Remarks: Highly migratory species, Annex I of the



Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758) - Smooth

hammerhead Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf


Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Carpenter et al. (1997b)

and Jawad (2017).

Distribution: Circumglobal in warm temperate seas,

occasionally in tropical seas.


Family Triakidae

Mustelus mosis Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1899 -

Arabian smooth-hound


by Compagno (1984b); previously reported by

Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Mustelus manazo (non Bleeker 1855); also reported as Compagno

(1984b) as Hypogaleus hyugaensis (non Miyosi

1939), Carpenter (1997b) as Hypogaleus hyugaensis

(non Miyosi 1939), Basson et al. (1981) as Mustelus manazo (non Bleeker 1855); subsequently reported

by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Mustelus manazo (non Bleeker 1855), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al.

(1997b), Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012a, 2012b,

2016), Ali (2013a), Jabado & Ebert (2015) and

Ziyadi et al. (2018).

Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: East

Africa east to Maldives, India and Sri Lanka.


Persian Gulf material: UMPT 19 (1).

Order LAMNIFORMES

Family Odontaspididae

Carcharias taurus Rafinesque, 1810 - Sand tiger

shark


9


by Randall (1995a); also reported by Mahdi (1950)

as Carcharhinus lamia (non Rafinesque 1810),

Khalaf (1961) as Carcharhinus lamia (non

Rafinesque 1810), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Carcharias lamia (non Rafinesque 1810), Compagno

(2001) as Carcharodon carcharias (non Linnaeus

1758), Jawad (2017) as Carcharodon carcharias (non

Linnaeus 1758); subsequently reported by Krupp et

al. (2000), Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012b), Ali

(2013a), Jabado et al. (2013), Jabado & Ebert (2015)

and Jawad (2017).


temperate seas, but not in eastern and central Pacific.


Persian Gulf material: SMF 12364 (1).

Order MYLIOBATIFORMES

Family Dasyatidae

Remarks: A Persian Gulf record of Dasyatis bennetti (Müller & Henle 1841) by Vossoughi & Vossoughi

(1999) needs verification.

Brevitrygon walga (Müller & Henle, 1841) - Scaly

whipray (Pow-e-dokhar, Persian)


by Vossoughi & Vossoughi (1999) as Himantura walga; also Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Amphotistius imbricatus (non Bloch & Schneider 1801),

Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Dasyatis imbricatus (non

Bloch & Schneider 1801), Hussain et al. (1988) as

Dasyatis imbricatus (non Bloch & Schneider 1801),

Randall (1995a) as Himantura imbricata (non Bloch

& Schneider 1801), Carpenter et al. (1997b) as

Himantura imbricata (non Bloch & Schneider 1801),

Bishop (2003) as Himantura imbricata (non Bloch &

Schneider 1801), Moore et al. (2012a) as Himantura imbricata (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Jawad

(2017) as Himantura imbricata (non Bloch &

Schneider 1801), Torquato et al. (2017) as Himantura imbricata (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Ziyadi et

al. (2018) as Brevitrygon imbricata (non Bloch &

Schneider 1801); subsequently reported by Nasir

(2000) as Himantura walga, Dehghani (2014) as

Himantura walga and Last et al. (2016a).

Distribution: Red Sea, northwestern Indian Ocean:

Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to

western India.

IUCN: Not evaluated (NE).

Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14378 (2).

Himantura leoparda Manjaji-Matsumoto & Last

2008 - Leopard whipray


by Last et al. (2016a).

Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: South and East

Africa, Gulf of Aden and Persian Gulf east to

Philippines and New Guinea, north to Ryukyu

Islands, south to northern Australia.


Himantura uarnak (Gmelin, 1789) - Honeycomb

stingray (Pow-e-palangy, Persian; Lokmah, Arabic,

Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Trygon uarnak;

subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969),

Kuronuma & Abe (1972), Relyea (1981),


Abe (1986), Hussain et al. (1988) as Himantura urank, Wright (1988), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et

al. (1997a, b), Vossoughi & Vossoughi (1999), Nasir

(2000), Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012a) as

Himantura uarnak species complex, Dehghani

(2014), Last et al. (2016a) and Jawad (2017).


Africa and Eastern Cape Province (South Africa),

Seychelles, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes)

east to Philippines; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea

immigrant).

IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Persian Gulf material: USNM 148100 (1).

Remarks: This name has been used for a number of

similar spotted species (Last & Stevens 1994).

Megatrygon microps (Annandale 1908) - Smalleye

stingray


10



Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: South Africa,

Persian Gulf east to Indonesia and New Guinea,



Maculabatis randalli Last, Manjaji-Matsumoto &

Moore, 2012 - Arabian banded whipray (Pow-e-

chahargoosh, Persian)


in original description by Last et al. (2012) as

Himantura randalli; also reported by Blegvad &

Løppenthin (1944) as Trygon gerrardi (non Gray

1851), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Trygon gerradi (non

Gray 1851), Relyea (1981) as Himantura gerrardi (non Gray 1851), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as

Dasyatis gerrardi (non Gray 1851), Hussain et al.

(1988) as Dasyatis gerrardi (non Gray 1851), Randall

(1995a) as Himantura gerrardi (non Gray 1851),

Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Himantura gerrardi (non

Gray 1851), Dehghani (2014) as Himantura gerrardi (non Gray 1851), Jawad (2016a) as Himantura gerrardi (non Gray 1851), Jawad (2017) as

Himantura gerrardi (non Gray 1851); subsequently

reported by Last et al. (2016a), Jawad (2017) as

Himantura randalli, and Whelan et al. (2017).

Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian

Gulf endemic.

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE).

Persian Gulf material: CSIRO H 7254-01 (holotype),

BPBM 29480 (1 paratype), BPBM 33201 (2

paratypes), CSIRO H 7296-01 (1 paratype), MTUF

20642 (1 paratype).

Pastinachus ater (Macleay 1883) – Black stingray


by Al-Mojil et al. (2015); subsequently reported by

Last et al. (2016a), Jawad (2017) and Whelan et al.

(2017).


Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to Solomon

Islands and New Caledonia, south to northern

Australia.


Pateobatis fai (Jordan & Seale 1906) - Fai whipray


by Moore et al. (2012a) as Himantura fai; subsequently reported by Last et al. (2016a) and

Jawad (2017) as Himantura fai. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: South

Africa to Marquesas, including Australia.

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Pateobatis jenkinsii (Annandale 1909) - Jenkins'

whipray


by Last et al. (2016a); also reported by Kuronuma &

Abe (1986) as Himantura bleekeri (non Blyth 1860),

Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Himantura bleekeri (non

Blyth 1860), Jawad (2017) as Himantura bleekeri (non Blyth 1860), Torquato et al. (2017) as

Himantura bleekeri (non Blyth 1860).


Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Papua

New Guinea, south to northern Australia.


Pastinachus sephen (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in

Niebuhr, 1775) – Cowtail stingray


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Hypolophus sephen; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg

(1969), Basson et al. (1981) as Dasyatis sephen,

Relyea (1981) as Dasyatis sephen, Kuronuma & Abe

(1986) as Dasyatis sephen, Hussain et al. (1988) as

Hypolophus sephen, Krupp & Müller (1994) as

Dasyatis sephen, Carpenter et al. (1997b), Vossoughi

& Vossoughi (1999) as Hypolophus sephen, Bishop

(2003), Moore et al. (2012a), Last et al. (2016a),

Jawad (2017) and Whelan et al. (2017).



Pakistan.


Remarks: Authorship of species name see Fricke

11


(2008).

Pteroplatytrygon violacea (Bonaparte 1832) - Pelagic

stingray




temperate seas.


Taeniura lymma (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr

1775) – Ribbontail stingray


by Wright (1988); subsequently reported by Last et

al. (2016a) and Jawad (2017).


South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to

Philippines and Papua New Guinea, north to

Philippines, south to northern Australia.

IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Remarks: Authorship of species name see Fricke

(2008).

Taeniurops meyeni (Müller & Henle, 1841) - Round

ribbontail ray


by Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) as Taeniura meyeni; subsequently reported by Bishop (2003), Last et al.

(2016a), Jawad (2016a, 2017) and Torquato et al.

(2017).


South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and

Mascarenes east to Marquesas Islands, north to

Korea, southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south

to Queensland (Australia), Lord Howe Island,

Norfolk Island and New Caledonia; also Galápagos

Archipelago.

IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Remarks: More widely known as Taeniura melanospila Bleeker 1853, a junior synonym based

on the description of a juvenile specimen.

Urogymnus asperrimus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) -

Porcupine whipray




South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles and

Madagascar east to Mariana Islands and Fiji, south to

Western Australia, Chesterfield Islands and New

Caledonia; possibly eastern Atlantic.

IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Remark: synonym of Urogymnus africanus (Bloch &

Schneider, 1801) and reported by Behzadi et al.

(2012).

Urogymnus granulatus (Macleay 1883) - Mangrove

whipray


by Rastgoo et al. (2016) as Himantura granulata.


Africa east to Palau and Solomon Islands, south to

northern Australia.


Family Gymnuridae

Gymnura poecilura (Shaw, 1804) - Long-tailed

butterfly ray


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Pteroplatea poecilura; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg

(1969), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim

(1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a),

Carpenter et al. (1997b), Vossoughi & Vossoughi

(1999) as Gymnura hormosensis and G. poecilura,

Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012a) as Gymnura cf.

poecilura, Zare et al. (2012) and Ziyadi et al. (2018).


Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to

Philippines and Society Islands, north to southern

Japan.

IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Remarks: The name Gymnura hormosensis

Vossoughi & Vossoughi, 1999 is not available, as it

was treated with uncertainty when described; it is

here treated as a junior synonym of Gymnura

12


poecilura.

Family Aetobatidae

Aetobatus flagellum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) -

Longheaded eagle ray


by Vossoughi & Vossoughi (1999); subsequently

reported by Moore et al. (2012a), Al-Mojil et al.

(2015), White & Last (2016b) and Jawad (2017).


Borneo, north to southern China.


Aetobatus ocellatus (Kuhl 1823) - Spotted eagle ray

(Ramak-e-khaldar, Persian)


by Jawad (2017); reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin

(1944) as Aetobatus narinari (non Euphrasen 1790),

Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Aetobatus narinari (non

Euphrasen 1790), Basson et al. (1981) as Aetobatis narinari (non Euphrasen 1790), Kuronuma & Abe


Krupp & Müller (1994) as Aetobatus narinari (non

Euphrasen 1790), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b) as

Aetobatus narinari (non Euphrasen 1790), Bishop


Moore et al. (2012a) as Aetobatus cf. ocellatus,

White & Last (2016b), Jawad (2017) as Aetobatus narinari (non Euphrasen 1790), and Torquato et al.

(2017) as Aetobatus narinari (non Euphrasen 1790).


South Africa east to Hawaii and French Polynesia,

Japan and Australia.


Family Myliobatidae

Aetomylaeus milvus (Müller & Henle 1841) -

Ocellate eagle ray (Ramak-e-mokhattat, Persian)


by White & Last (2016a); also reported by Blegvad

& Løppenthin (1944) as Myliobatis maculatus (non

Gray 1834), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma &

Abe (1986) as Aetomylaeus maculatus (non Gray

1834), Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Aetomylaeus maculatus (non Gray 1834), Vossoughi & Vossoughi

(1999) as Aetomylaeus maculatus (non Gray 1834),

Moore et al. (2012a) as Aetomylaeus cf. milvus, and

Jawad (2017) as Aetomylaeus maculatus (non Gray

1834).


Gulf and southern Arabia east to western India.


Aetomylaeus nichofii (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) -

Banded eagle ray (Ramak-e-khatkamani, Persian;

Lokhmah, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Myliobatis nichofii; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as

Myliobatis aquila (non Linnaeus 1758), Khalaf

(1961) as Myliobatis aquila (non Linnaeus 1758),

Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Aetomylaeus nichofii and

Myliobatis aquila (non Linnaeus 1758), Kuronuma &

Abe (1972, 1986), Basson et al. (1981) as Myliobatis nichofii, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as

Aetomyleus nichofii, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as

Myliobatis aquila (non Linnaeus 1758), Hussain et al.

(1988) as Aetomylaeus nichoffi, Randall (1995a),

Carpenter et al. (1997b), Vossoughi & Vossoughi

(1999), Nasir (2000) as Aetomylaeus niehofii, Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012a), Ali (2013a) as

Myliobatis aquila (non Linnaeus 1758) and White &

Last (2016a).


Gulf of Oman east to Philippines, north to Japan.


Family Mobulidae

Mobula birostris (Walbaum 1792) - Devil fish


by Basson et al. (1981) as Manta birostris; previously

reported by Jabado & Ebert (2015) as Mobula japanica (non Müller & Henle 1841); subsequently

reported by White & Last (2016c).



13


Mobula kuhlii (Müller & Henle 1841) - Longhorned

mobula


by White & Last (2016c); previously reported by

Basson et al. (1981) as Mobula diabolus (non Shaw

1804), Al-Hassan & Al-Badri (1986) as Mobula diabolus (non Shaw 1804), Kuronuma & Abe (1986)

as Mobula dialobus (non Shaw 1804), Hussain et al.

(1988) as Mobula diabolus (non Shaw 1804),

Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Mobula diabolus (non

Shaw 1804), Moore et al. (2012a) as Mobula cf.

eregoodootenkee and Jabado & Ebert (2015) as

Mobula eregoodootenkee and M. kuhlii. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East and


Philippines and New Guinea, south to northern

Australia.


Remarks: Mobula eregoodootenkee (Bleeker 1859)

is a junior synonym.

Family Rhinopteridae

Rhinoptera javanica Müller & Henle, 1841 -

Flapnose ray



Rhinopterus adspersa; subsequently reported by

Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Rhinoptera adspersa,

Vossoughi & Vossoughi (1999), Bishop (2003), Alec

& Moore (2012) as Rhinoptera adspersa, and Moore

et al. (2012a).


Gulf of Oman east to Philippines, north to Ryukyu

Islands, south to southern Indonesia.


Remarks. Rhinoptera adspersa Valenciennes in

Müller & Henle 1841 is a junior synonym.

Rhinoptera jayakari (Boulenger 1895) - Shorttail

cownose ray


by Al-Mojil et al. (2015); subsequently reported by

Last et al. (2016c) and Jawad (2017).

Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: South and

East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to

Philippines, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to

southern Indonesia.


Order ORECTOLOBIFORMES

Family Ginglymostomatidae

Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson, 1831) - Tawny nurse

shark


by Wright (1988); subsequently reported by

Carpenter (1997b), Compagno (2001), Moore et al.

(2012b) and Jabado & Ebert (2015).


East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar

and western Mascarenes east to Society Islands and

Marquesas, north to southern Japan, south to northern

Australia and New Caledonia.


Family Hemiscylliidae

Chiloscyllium arabicum Gubanov, 1980 - Arabian

carpetshark (Gorbeh-kooseh-e-arabi, Persian)


by Compagno (1984a); subsequently reported by

Hussain et al. (1988), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et

al. (1997a, b), Compagno (2001), Bishop (2003),

Moore et al. (2012a, b), Dehghani (2014), Jabado &

Ebert (2015) and Ziyadi et al. (2018).


Gulf and southern Arabia east to western India.

IUCN: Near Threatened (NT). Remark: Chiloscyllium confusum (Dingerkus &

DeFino, 1983) is a junior synonym.

Chiloscyllium griseum Müller & Henle, 1838 - Grey

bambooshark (Hayyasa, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsequently

reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma &

Abe (1972, 1986), Basson et al. (1981),

Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Compagno

14


(1984a), Hussain et al. (1988), Abou-Seedo (1992),

Carpenter (1997b), Nasir (2000), Bishop (2003) and

Jabado & Ebert (2015).


Gulf of Oman east to Philippines and Papua New

Guinea, north to southern Japan.


Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14399 (1). Family Rhincodontidae

Rhincodon typus Smith, 1828 - Whale shark



reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Basson et al.

(1981), Compagno (1984a), Kuronuma & Abe

(1986), Carpenter (1997b), Compagno (2001),

Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012b), Jabado & Ebert

(2015) and Robinson et al. (2017).


temperate seas except the Mediterranean.

IUCN: Endangered (EN). Remarks: Identified as one of the species with an

unfavorable conservation status in Appendix II of the

Bonn Convention for the Conservation of Migratory

Species of Wild Animals in 1999. Classified as a

highly migratory species, in Annex I of the 1982

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

(UNCLOS) which called for 'coordinated

management and assessment to better understand

cumulative impacts of fishing effort on the status of

the shared populations' of these sharks (FAO,

Fisheries Department 1994). Included in Appendix II

of the Convention on International Trade in

Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

(CITES) since May 2003. This can partially

implement the original objective of the FAO

International Plan of Action for the Conservation and

Management of Sharks (IPOA-Sharks). However,

international trade still exists.

Family Stegostomatidae

Stegostoma fasciatum (Hermann, 1783) - Zebra

shark (Kooseh-e-Goor-e-khari, Persian)


by Compagno (1984a); subsequently reported by

Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) as Stegostoma varium,

Compagno (2001), Bishop (2003), Moore et al.

(2012b), Ali (2013a), Jabado & Ebert (2015), Jawad

(2017) and Torquato et al. (2017).


Africa, South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and

Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Marshall Islands and

Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to Western

Australia, New South Wales (Australia) and New

Caledonia.


Order PRISTIFORMES

Family Pristidae

Anoxypristis cuspidata (Lathaman, 1794) - Pointed

sawfish


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Pristis cuspidatus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Pristis cuspidatus, Kuronuma & Abe

(1986) as Pristis cuspidatus, Hussain et al. (1988) as

Pristis cuspidatus, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al.

(1997b), Vossoughi & Vossoughi (1999), Jabado &

Ebert (2015), Last et al. (2016d), Jabado et al. (2017),

Jawad (2017) and Jabado (2018).


Africa and Persian Gulf east to Philippines and New

Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to northern

Australia.


Pristis zijsron Bleeker, 1851 - Longcomb sawfish


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Pristis zysron;

subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Pristis zysron, Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Krupp &

Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al.

(1997b), Nasir (2000) as Pristis pristis (non Linnaeus

1758), Bishop (2003), Jabado & Ebert (2015), Last et

al. (2016d), Jabado et al. (2017), Jawad (2017) and

Jabado (2018).

15



East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Philippines and

New Guinea, north to southern China, south to New

South Wales (Australia).

IUCN: Critically Endangered (CR).

Order RAJIFORMES

Family Rajidae

Raja pita Fricke & Al-Hassan, 1995 - Pita skate


in original description by Fricke & Al-Hassan

(1995), subsequently reported by Carpenter et al.

(1997b) and Last et al. (2016b).


Gulf endemic.


Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14381 (holotype).

Family Rhinidae

Rhina ancylostoma Bloch & Schneider, 1801 -

Bowmouth guitarfish


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Rhynchobatus ancylostomus; subsequently reported by Mahdi &

Georg (1969), Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe

(1986), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003),

Moore et al. (2012a), Last et al. (2016e) and Jabado

(2018).



and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Philippines, north

to southern Japan, south to New South Wales



Rhynchobatus australiae Whitley 1939 - Bottlenose

wedgefish


by Last et al. (2016e); subsequently reported by

Jabado (2018).


Persian Gulf east to Philippines and New Guinea,

south to eastern Australia.


Rhynchobatus djiddensis (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775)

- Giant guitarfish (Balando, Arabic, Kuwait)




Abe (1972, 1986), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea

(1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Krupp

& Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Vossoughi

& Vossoughi (1999) as Rhynchobatus djeddensis,

Nasir (2000), Bishop (2003), Moore et al. (2012a) as

Rhynchobatus cf. djiddensis, Last et al. (2016e) and

Jabado (2018).


and South Africa to Madagascar and Réunion

(western Mascarenes) and Persian Gulf.


Rhynchobatus laevis (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -

Smoothnose wedgefish


by Compagno & Last (2008); subsequently reported

by Last et al. (2016e) and Jabado (2018).


Gulf of Oman east to southern China, north to

southern Japan.


Family Glaucostegidae

Glaucostegus granulatus (Cuvier, 1829) - Granulated

guitarfish


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Rhinobatus granulatus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Rhinobatus granulatus, Relyea (1981) as

Rhinobatos granulatus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim

(1982b) as Rhinobatos granulatus, Kuronuma & Abe

(1986) as Rhinobatus granulatus, Hussain et al.

(1988) as Rhinobatus granulatus, Randall (1995a) as

Rhinobatos granulatus, Randall & Compagno (1995)

as Rhinobatos granulatus, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as

Rhinobatos granulatus, Vossoughi & Vossoughi

16


(1999) as Rhinobatos granulatus, Bishop (2003),

Moore et al. (2012a) as Rhinobatos granulatus, Séret

et al. (2016b) and Jabado (2018).


and Gulf of Oman east to Myanmar.


Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33217 (1).

Glaucostegus halavi (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in

Niebuhr 1775) - Halavi guitarfish


by Moore et al. (2012a) as Rhinobatos halavi; subsequently reported by Séret et al. (2016b),

Whelan et al. (2017) and Jabado (2018).


Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman to Pakistan.



(2008). Family Rhinobatidae

Remarks: A Persian Gulf record of Rhinobatos annandalei Norman 1926 by Vossoughi & Vossoughi

(1999) needs verification.

Acroteriobatus omanensis Last, Henderson & Naylor

2016 - Oman sandshark

Status in Persian Gulf: New record from Persian

Gulf; previously reported by Relyea (1981) as

Rhinobatos annulatus (non Müller & Henle 1841),

Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Rhinobatos annulatus (non Müller & Henle 1841), Abou-Seedo (1992) as

Rhynchobatus annulatus (non Müller & Henle 1841)

and Ali (2013a) as Acroteriobatus annulatus (non

Müller & Henle 1841).


Gulf to Gulf of Oman.


Rhinobatos annandalei Norman 1926 - Bengal

guitarfish


by Jabado (2018).


and Gulf of Oman east to Bay of Bengal (India).


Rhinobatos punctifer Compagno & Randall 1987 -

Spotted guitarfish


by Séret et al. (2016a); previously reported by

Vossoughi & Vossoughi (1999) as Rhinobatus schlegelli (non Müller & Henle 1841), Moore et al.

(2012a) as Rhinobatos cf. punctifer, and Jabado

(2018).


Gulf of Aden and Persian Gulf east to Pakistan.


Order TORPEDINIFORMES

Family Narcinidae

Narcine oculifera Carvalho, Compagno & Mee 2001

- Eyespotted numbfish


Gulf; previously reported by Relyea (1981) as

Narcine timlei (non Bloch & Schneider 1801),

Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Narcine timlei (non Bloch

& Schneider 1801), Vossughi (1999) as Narcine sp.

1, and Behzadi et al. (2012) as Narcine sp. 2.


Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf.


Family Torpedinidae

Torpedo panthera Olfers, 1831 - Panther electric ray

(Fattrah, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); also reported by

Relyea (1981) as Torpedo marmorata (non Risso

1810), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Torpedo marmorata (non Risso 1810), Vosughi (1999) as

Torpedo marmorata (non Risso 1810); subsequently


Abe (1972), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall

(1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and

Jawad (2017).

Distribution: Red Sea, northern Indian Ocean: Gulf

17


of Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to Bay

of Bengal (India).


Persian Gulf material: USNM 222527 (1).

Torpedo sinuspersici Olfers, 1831 - Variable torpedo

ray


in original description by Olfers (1831);

subsequently reported by Relyea (1981) as Torpedo sinus-persici, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Torpedo sinus-persicus, Wright (1988), Krupp & Müller

(1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b),

Vossoughi & Vossoughi (1999), Bishop (2003) and

Jawad (2017).


and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east

to western India.

IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Class Actinopterygii Order ANGUILIFORMES

Family Congridae

Conger cinereus Rüppell, 1830 - Longfin African

conger (Mar-mahi-e-bale-e-boland-afrighaei,

Persian)


by Carpenter et al. (1997b); subsequently reported by

Jawad (2017).


Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and

Mascarenes east to Japan and Ogasawara

Islands,Hawaiian Islands, Line Islands and Pitcairn

Group, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe

Island, New Caledonia and Rapa.


Family Muraenesocidae

Congresox talabonoides (Bleeker, 1853) - Indian

pike conger


by Owfi et al. (2013).


Africa and Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to

Taiwan.


Muraenesox cinereus (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) -

Daggertooth pike conger (Mar-mahi-e-tiz-dandan,

Persian)



reported by Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969),

Castle & Williamson (1975), Kuronuma & Abe

(1986), Hussain et al. (1988), Randall (1995a),

Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Owfi et al.

(2013) as Muraenesox bagio (non Hamilton 1822)

and Muraenesox sp. and Jawad (2017).


Africa and Madagascar east to Mariana Islands, north

to China, south to northern Australia; Mediterranean

Sea (Red Sea immigrant).


Family Muraenidae

Remarks: A Persian Gulf record of Gymnothorax johnsoni (Smith 1962) by Owfi et al. (2013) needs

verification.

Echidna nebulosa (Ahl, 1789) - Starry moray



Bishop (2003), Owfi et al. (2013) and Jawad (2017).

Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East and South

Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros,

Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian

Islands and Panama, north to southern Japan and

Johnston Atoll, south to Western Australia and New

Caledonia.


Gymnomuraena zebra (Shaw, 1797) - Zebra moray


by Krupp & Müller (1994) as Echidna zebra, Randall

et al. (1994); subsequently reported by Carpenter et

al. (1997a, b) and Bishop (2003).


18


Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to

Hawaiian Islands and Galápagos Archipelago and

Revillagigedo Archipelago and Bahía Chamela,

Mexico, north to Ryukyu Islands and Ogasawara

Islands, south to North West Cape (Western

Australia) and New Caledonia.



Gymnothorax flavimarginatus (Rüppell, 1830)


by Jawad (2017).


Africa, Persian Gulf, Comoros, Seychelles,

Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Panama and

Revillagigedo Archipelago, north to Ryukyu Islands,

Ogasawara Islands and Hawaiian Islands, south to

Western Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New

Caledonia.



Gymnothorax megaspilus Böhlke & Randall 1995 -

Kidako moray


Gulf; previously reported by Owfi et al. (2014) as

Gymnothorax kidako (non Temminck & Schlegel

1846).

Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: southern

Oman to Persian Gulf.


Gymnothorax phasmatodes (Smith, 1962) - Ghost

moray


by Randall et al. (1994); subsequently reported by

Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Jawad (2017).


Africa, Madagascar and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east

to Philippines and Papua New Guinea, north to

Taiwan, south to northern Great Barrier Reef

(Queensland, Australia).



Gymnothorax pseudoherrei Böhlke 2000 - Brown

moray


in original description by Böhlke (2000).

Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Persian

Gulf east to Philippines and Solomon Islands, south

to northern Australia.


Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33328 (1 paratype),

BPBM 33356 (3 paratypes).

Gymnothorax undulatus (Lacepede, 1803) -

Undulated moray


by Krupp & Müller (1994); subsequently reported by

Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Jawad


Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa, Port

Alfred (South Africa), Seychelles, Comoros,

Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Panama and

Revillagigedo Archipelago, north to southern Japan,

Ogasawara Islands, Hawaiian Islands and Gambier

Islands, south to Western Australia at 28°54'S, New

South Wales (Australia) and New Caledonia.

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Strophidon sathete (Hamilton, 1822) - Slender giant

moray


by Owfi et al. (2013).


Africa, South Africa, Madagascar and western

Mascarenes east to Mariana Islands and Society

Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western

Australia, Queensland (Australia) and New

Caledonia.


Family Ophichthidae

Remarks: A Persian Gulf record of Ichthyapus acuticeps (Barnard, 1923) by Owfi et al. (2013) needs

19


verification.

Lamnostoma orientalis (McClelland, 1844) -

Oriental worm-eel



Zajonz et al. (2002).

Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East and South

Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to New

Guinea, Society Islands and Marqueas Islands,

(questionably Society Islands), south to New

Caledonia.


Muraenichthys schultzei Bleeker, 1857 - Maimed

snake eel




Abe (1986), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al.

(1997b) and Zajonz et al. (2002).


Africa, Persian Gulf and Mauritius (Mascarenes),

southwestern Indian Ocean. (Mascarenes) east to

Johnston Atoll and Tuamotu Archipelago, north to

Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland (Australia),

New Caledonia and Tonga.


Myrichthys colubrinus (Boddaert, 1781) - Harlequin

snake eel


by Field (2005); subsequently reported by Jawad

(2017).


South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros,


Johnston Atoll and Tuamotu Archipelago (but not

Hawaiian Islands), north to Ryukyu Islands and

Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia and

New Caledonia.


Ophichthus apicalis (Anonymous [Bennett], 1830) -

Bluntnose snake-eel


by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as O. apicalis and

O. celebicus (non Bleeker 1856); subsequently

reported by Owfi et al. (2013) as Ophichthus celebicus (non Bleeker 1856).



Philippines.


Persian Gulf material: USNM 147841 (1). Pisodonophis hoevenii (Bleeker, 1853) - Hoeven's

snake eel



reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Pisoodonophis hoevenii, Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al.

(1997b).

Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf;

eastern Indonesia.

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Order ATHERINIFORMES

Family Atherinidae

Atherinomorus lacunosus (Forster, 1801) - Wide-

banded hardyhead silverside (Manchoos, Arabic,

Kuwait)


by Carpenter et al. (1997b), Kimura et al. (2007); also

reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as

Atherina forskålii, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Allanetta forskalii, Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as

Allanetta forskalii, Basson et al. (1981) as Allanetta forsskalii, Relyea (1981) as Allanetta forskåli, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Allanetta forskali, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Allanetta forskali, Krupp & Müller (1994), Bishop (2003) and

Taher et al. (2012).



Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Tuamotu

20


Archipelago, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara

Islands, south to Western Australia, New South

Wales (Australia) and Rapa; Mediterranean Sea (Red

Sea immigrant).


Persian Gulf material: BMNH 2014.5.27.22-23 (2),

CAS 44849 (2), SU 68681 (1), SU 68690 (11),

USNM 148063 (1). Atherinomorus pinguis (Lacepède, 1803) - Narrow-

banded hardyhead silverside


by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Pranesus pinguis;

subsequently reported by Kimura et al. (2007).

Distribution: Indian Ocean: South and East Africa

and Persian Gulf east to Indonesia.



(42), USNM 386902 (1). Hypoatherina temminckii (Bleeker, 1854) - Samoan

silverside


by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Hypoatherina

temmincki; subsequently reported by Bishop (2003).

Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian

Gulf and Madagascar east to Tuamotu Archipelago,

north to China, south to Australia and New

Caledonia.


Persian Gulf material: USNM 148059 (58), USNM

148060 (60), USNM 148061 (24), USNM 148062

(1). Order AULOPIFORMES

Family Synodonthidae

Saurida macrolepis Tanaka 1917 - Brushtooth

lizardfish (Kijar-e-manghoot, Persian)


by Inoue & Nakabo (2006), previously reported by

Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Saurida undosquamis (non Richardson 1848), Relyea (1981)

as Saurida undosquamis (non Richardson 1848),

Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b) as

Saurida undosquamis (non Richardson 1848),

Hussain et al. (1988) as Saurida undosquamis (non

Richardson 1848), Krupp & Müller (1994) as Saurida undosquamis (non Richardson 1848), Carpenter et al.

(1997b) as Saurida undosquamis (non Richardson

1848) and Bishop (2003) as Saurida undosquamis (non Richardson 1848).


Persian Gulf east to Gulf of Thailand, north to

southern Japan.


Persian Gulf material: UMPT 05 (42), UMPT 06

(136), UMPT 07 (7), UMPT 09 (1), UMPT 10 (3),

UMPT 11 (20), UMPT 15 (96), UMPT 18 (3), UMPT

20 (1), USNM 265748 (4), USNM 265751 (2).

Saurida tumbil (Bloch, 1795) - Greater lizardfish

(Kijar-e-bozorg, Persian)



reported by Mahdi (1950), Menon (1960), Khalaf

(1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Relyea (1981),

Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b),

Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Abou-Seedo (1992),

Carpenter et al. (1997b), Valinassab et al. (2006),

Nasir & Khalid (2013), Dehghani (2014), Hoveizavi

et al. (2016), Moravec et al. (2016) and Ziyadi et al.

(2018).

Distribution: Red Sea, Indian Ocean: East Africa,

Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to India.


Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14392 (1), UMPT 06

(1), UMPT 07 (13), UMPT 11 (6), UMPT 13 (5),


17 (4), UMPT 18 (7), USNM 196491 (1).

Synodus variegatus (Lacepède, 1803) - Variegated

lizardfish


by Kuronuma & Abe (1986); subsequently reported

by Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997a,

1997b) and Bishop (2003).

21





Group, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Lord Howe

Island, New Caledonia, Kermadec Islands and Rapa,

straying to New Zealand.


Trachinocephalus trachinus (Temminck & Schlegel

1846) - Snakefish (Kasoor, Arabic, Kuwait)


Gulf; previously reported by Kuronuma & Abe

(1972, 1986) as Trachinocephalus myops (non

Forster 1801), Relyea (1981) as Trachinocephalus myops (non Forster 1801), Carpenter et al. (1997b)

as T. myops (non Forster 1801) and Bishop (2003) as

T. myops (non Forster 1801).


Africa east to Hawaiian Islands, north to southern

Japan.



265750 (1). Remark: Previously named Trachinocephalus myops

(non Forster, 1801).

Order BATRACHOIDIFORMES

Family Batrachoididae

Colletteichthys occidentalis Greenfield 2012 - Flat

toadfish (Nakkaka, Arabic, Kuwait)


in original description by Greenfield (2012);

previously reported by Regan (1905) as Batrachus grunniens (non Linnaeus 1758), Blegvad &

Løppenthin (1944) as Batrachus grunniens (non

Linnaeus 1758), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Batrachus grunniens (non Linnaeus 1758), Kuronuma & Abe

(1972, 1986) as Batrachus grunniens (non Linnaeus

1758), Relyea (1981) as Batrachus grunniens (non

Linnaeus 1758), Wright (1988) as Batrachus grunniens (non Linnaeus 1758), Krupp & Müller

(1994) as Austrobatrachus dussumieri and Batrachus grunniens (non Linnaeus 1758), Randall (1995a) as

Austrobatrachus dussumieri, Carpenter et al. (1997a,

1997b) as Austrobatrachus dussumieri, Bishop

(2003) as Austrobatrachus dussumieri and Jawad

(2017) as Colletteichthys dususmieri. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian

Gulf east to Pakistan.



BPBM 21485 (1 paratype), BPBM 30509 (1

paratype), BPBM 33302 (1 paratype), BPBM 33398

(3 paratypes), BPBM 41090 (1 paratype), CAS

233656 (1 paratype), SU 64109 (2), USNM 147913

(6 paratypes), USNM 147915 (1), USNM 196473

(1), USNM 392608 (1).

Order BELONIFORMES

Family Belonidae

Ablennes hians (Valenciennes, 1846) - Flat

needlefish (Hakool, Arabic, Kuwait)



by Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim

(1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Abou-Seedo

(1992), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003).


temperate seas.



148028 (15).

Platybelone platyura (Bennett, 1832) - Keeltail

needlefish


Gulf; previously reported by Randall (1995a) as

Platybelone argalus platura (non Rüppell 1837),

Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Platybelone argalus platura (non Rüppell 1837) and Bishop (2003) as

Platybelone argalus (non LeSueur 1821).


Gulf, Seychelles, Comores and Mascarenes east to

Hawaiian Islands, Easter Island and Sala-y-Gomez

Ridge, north to east of central Japan and Ogasawara

Islands, south to Kimberleys (Western Australia),

22


Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia, Kermadec

Islands and Rapa.



Strongylura leiura (Bleeker, 1850) - Banded

needlefish (Hakool, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Tylosurus leiurus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Tylosurus leiurus, Kuronuma & Abe

(1972) as Tylosurus leiurus, Relyea (1981) as

Tylosurus leiurus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim

(1982b) as Tylosurus leiurus, Kuronuma & Abe

(1986), Abou-Seedo (1992) as Tylosurus leiurus,

Randall (1995a) as Strongylura leiura leiura,

Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000), Bishop

(2003), Taher et al. (2012), Jawad (2016c, 2017) and



Gulf, Seychelles, Comores, Madagascar and western

Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands, Easter Island

and Sala-y-Gomez Ridge, north to central Japan and

Ogasawara Islands, south to Kimberleys (Western

Australia), Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia,

Kermadec Islands and Rapa.



SMNS 14379 (2), USNM 148030 (16), USNM

148097 (1), USNM 188851 (1).

Strongylura strongylura (Hasselt, 1823) - Spottail

needlefish


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Tylosurus strongylurus; subsequently reported by Misra (1947),

Bolster (1948) as Tylosurus strongilura, Mahdi

(1950), Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Tylosurus strongylurus, Relyea (1981) as Tylosurus strongylurus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Hussain et

al. (1988, 1994), Abou-Seedo (1992) as Tylosurus strongylura, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al.

(1997b), Nasir (2000), Bishop (2003), Nasir &

Khalid (2013) as Strongylura strongylurus and Jawad

(2016c, 2017).


Philippines, north to southern China, south to

northern Australia.


Tylosurus crocodilus (Péron & Lesueur, 1821) -

Hound needlefish (Menghar-mahi-e-shekarchi in

Persian)

Status in Persian Gulf: First record from the Persian

Gulf by Mahdi & Georg (1969); subsequently

reported by Abou-Seedo (1992), Krupp et al. (2002),

Bishop (2003), Taher et al. (2012), Nasir & Khalid

(2013) as Tylorurus crocodiles and Jawad (2017).


temperate seas, but not in eastern Pacific.



Tylosurus melanotus (Bleeker, 1850) - Keel-jawed

needlefish


by Jawad (2016c, 2017).

Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa aqnd

Persian Gulf east to Revillagigedo, Clipperton and

Cocos islands (eastern Pacific).

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Family Exocoetidae

Remarks: Persian Gulf records of Hirundichthys oxycephalus (Bleeker, 1853) and Prognichthys brevipinnis (Valenciennes, 1847) by Richards & Al-

Yamani (2008) need verification.

Cypselurus oligolepis (Bleeker, 1865) - Largescale

flyingfish (Yaradah, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Cypsilurus oligolepis; subsequently recorded by Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Cypsilurus oligolepis, Kuronuma & Abe

(1972) as Cypserulus oligolepis, Basson et al. (1981),


Abe (1986), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall

23


(1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003).


Africa east to Philippines and Solomon Islands, north

to southern China, south to northern Australia.

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Parexocoetus mento (Valenciennes, 1847) - African

sailfin flyingfish (Yaradah, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Tylosurus leiurus; subsequently recorded by Mahdi & Georg

(1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Basson et al.

(1981), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and

Bishop (2003).


Africa east to Marshall Islands and Fiji, north to

southern Japan, south to northern Australia;

Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant).



Family Hemiramphidae

Remarks: Persian Gulf records by Blegvad &

Løppenthin (1944) as Hemirhamphus gaimardi (non

Valenciennes, 1847), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Hemirhamphus gaimardii (non Valenciennes 1847),

Nader & Jawdat (1977) as Hemirhamphus gaimardi (non Valenciennes 1847), Kuronuma & Abe (1986)

as Hemiramphus gaimardi (non Valenciennes 1847)

and Richards et al. (2008) as Hyporhamphus quoyi (non Valenciennes 1847), need verifiation.

Hemiramphus marginatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr

1775) - Yellowtip halfbeak (Sils, Arabic, Kuwait;

Nim-menghar-e-jahandeh, Persian)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Hemirhamphus marginatus; subsequently recorded by Mahdi &

Georg (1969) as Hemirhamphus marginatus,

Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Parin et al. (1980),

Basson et al. (1981) as Hemiramphus far (non

Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775), Relyea

(1981) as Hemiramphus marginatus and as H. far (non Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775),


Abe (1986) as Hemiramphus far (non Fabricius [ex

Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775), Abou-Seedo (1992),

Hussain et al. (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et

al. (1997b), Zajonz et al. (2002) as Hemiramphus far (non Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775),

Bishop (2003) and Taher et al. (2012) as

Hemiramphus archipelagicus (non Collette & Parin

1978).


Persian Gulf.


Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14415 (4), USNM

148020 (37), USNM 148021 (1), USNM 148022 (8),

USNM 148023 (4), USNM 218680 (1).

Hyporhamphus limbatus (Valenciennes, 1847) -

Congaturi halfbeak


by Parin et al. (1980); subsequently reported by

Relyea (1981), Hussain et al. (1988) as Hemiramphus limbatus, Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Nasir (2000).


southern China.



Hyporhamphus sindensis (Regan, 1905) - Sind

halfbeak



Relyea (1981), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall

(1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b) and Bishop

(2003).





147816 (2), USNM 148024 (53), USNM 218736

(20), USNM 218738 (6), USNM 218739 (4), USNM

218740 (4).

Hyporhamphus unicuspis Collette & Parin, 1978 -

24


Simpletooth halfbeak



Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b).


east to Andaman Sea coast of Thailand.



Rhynchorhamphus georgii (Valenciennes, 1847) -

Long billed half beak


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Hemirhamphus georgii; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as

Hemirhamphus georgii, Khalaf (1961) as Hemiramphus georgii, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Hemirhamphus georgii, Parin et al. (1980), Relyea

(1981) as Hemirhamphus georgii, Kuronuma & Abe

(1986), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b).


Arabian Sea east to Philippines and New Guinea,

north to Taiwan, south to northern Australia.


Order BERYCIFORMES

Family Monocentridae

Monocentris japonica (Houttuyn 1782) -

Pineconefish


by Jawad et al. (2014c).


South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and western

Mascarenes east to Philippines, north to Korea,

southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to

South Australia, Kermadec Islands and northern New

Zealand.


Order CLUPEIFORMES

Family Chirocentridae

Chirocentrus dorab (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in

Niebuhr, 1775) - Dorab wolf-herring (Hiff, Arabic,

Kuwait)



reported by Mahdi (1950), Menon (1960), Khalaf

(1961), Whitehead (1965), Mahdi & Georg (1969),

Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Basson et al. (1981),

Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim

(1982b), Whitehead (1985), Hussain et al. (1988,

1994), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000), Bishop

(2003), Hussain et al. (2004), Nasir & Khalid (2013),

Jawad (2017) and Ziyadi et al. (2018)



and eastern Mascarenes east to Indonesia, Fiji and

Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western

Australia at 22°15'S, New South Wales (Australia)

and New Caledonia.

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Remarks: Authorship of species name see Fricke

(2008).

Chirocentrus nudus Swainson, 1839 - Whitefin wolf-

herring (Kharoo baleh-sefid in Persian)


by Mahdi & Georg (1969); subsequently reported by

Al-Hassan & Hussain (1985), Whitehead (1985),


Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Hussain et

al. (2004), Dehghani (2014) and Jawad (2017).



Seychelles east to Philippines and New Guinea, north

to southern Japan, south to Western Australia and

Queensland (Australia).


Family Clupeidae

Amblygaster sirm (Walbaun, 1792) - Spotted

sardinella


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Sardinella sirm;


Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Sardinella

25


(Amblygaster) sirm, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al.

(1997b) and Taher et al. (2012).



western Mascarenes east to northern Gilbert Islands

(Kiribati), Samoa and Tonga, north to southern

Japan, south to Dampier Archipelago (Western

Australia), Queensland (Australia) and New

Caledonia.


Persian Gulf material: UMPT 06 (2), UMPT 07 (1).

Anodontostoma chacunda (Hamilton, 1822) -

Chacunda gizzard shad (Govaf-e-koochak, Persian)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Dorosoma chacunda; subsequently reported by Whitehead

(1965), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Whitehead (1985),

Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Hussain et al. (1988,

1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b),

Bishop (2003), Valinassab et al. (2013), Dehghani

(2014) and Jawad (2016b, 2017).


Philippines, south to northern Australia and New

Caledonia.


Persian Gulf material: ZMUC C10-11 (2).

Dussumieria acuta Valenciennes, 1847 - Rainbow

sardine (Sardin-e-rangin-kaman in Persian)



reported by Whitehead (1963), Whitehead (1965),

Mahdi & Georg (1969), Relyea (1981), Whitehead

(1985), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Abou-Seedo

(1992) as Sardinella acuta, Randall (1995a),

Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Dehghani

(2014) and Jawad (2016b, 2017).

Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Somalia, Oman,

Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Philippines.



ZMUC CN5-7 (3).

Remarks: Earlier records included Dussumieria elopsoides.

Dussumieria elopsoides Bleeker, 1849 - Slender

rainbow sardine


by Whitehead (1985); subsequently reported by

Carpenter et al. (1997b).

Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Somalia

and Persian Gulf east to Solomon Islands, north to

Taiwan, south to northern Australia; Mediterranean



Etrumeus sadina (Mitchill, 1814) - Red-eye round

herring


by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Etrumeus teres;

subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as

Etrumeus teres.

Distribution: Circumtropical, except for central and

eastern Pacific.


Persian Gulf material: UMPT 10 (1). Remark: Etrumeus teres (DeKay 1842) is a junior

synonym.

Herklotsichthys lossei Wongratana, 1983 – Persian

Gulf herring


in original description by Wongratana (1983);

subsequently reported by Whitehead (1985), Krupp

& Müller (1994), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et

al. (1997b).

Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf,

endemic.


Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus (Rüppell, 1837) -

Bluestripe herring


by Carpenter et al. (1997b); previously reported by

Whitejead (1965) as Herklotsichthys punctatus (non

26


Rüppell 1837); subsequrntly reported by Whitehead

(1985) and Bishop (2003).



and western Mascarenes east to Philippines, Samoa

and Tonga, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara

Islands, south to Western Australia at 21°38'S,

Queensland (Australia) south to 16°35'S, and New

Caledonia; introduced in Hawaiian Islands.


Hilsa kelee (Cuvier, 1829) - Kelee shad


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Hilsa kanagurta;

subsequently reported by Whitehead (1965), Mahdi

& Georg (1969) as Macrura kelee, Kuronuma & Abe


Bishop (2003).



Guinea, north to southern China.


Nematalosa arabica Regan, 1917 - Arabian gizzard

shad


by Hussain et al. (1988).


Aden to Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf.


Nematalosa nasus (Bloch, 1795) - Bloch's gizzard

shad (Govaf-e-reshtehdar, Persian)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Dorosoma nasus; subsequently reported by Misra (1947),

Bolster (1948) as Nematolosa nazous, Mahdi (1950),

Menon (1960), Khalaf (1961), Whitehead (1965),

Mahdi & Georg (1969), Relyea (1981) as Dorosoma nasus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Al-

Hassan & Hussain (1985), Whitehead (1985),

Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Al-Hassan (1987),

Hussain et al. (1988, 1994), Abou-Seedo (1992),

Krupp & Müller (1994), Nelson & McCarthy (1995),

Carpenter et al. (1997b), Zajonz et al. (2002), Bishop

(2003), Nasir & Khalid (2013), Valinassab et al.

(2013) as Nematalosa nasua, Dehghani (2014),

Jawad (2016b, 2017) and Ziyadi et al. (2018).


Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to southern

Korea and southern Japan.

IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: AMNH 56116 (7), AMNH

56117 (1), AMNH 56118 (6), AMNH 56119 (2),

AMNH 56120 (57), AMNH 56121 (38), AMNH

56122 (2), AMNH 56123 (14), AMNH 56124 (10),

AMNH 56125 (2), BPBM 29442 (6), BPBM 30363

(3), NMW 4345 (1), USNM 147936 (1), USNM

147937 (5), ZMUC C4-5 (2).

Nematalosa persara Nelson & McCarthy, 1995 -

Persara gizzard shad


in original description by Nelson & McCarthy

(1995); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a)

and Carpenter et al. (1997b).



IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: AMNH 56108 (holotype),

AMNH 56109 (16 paratypes), AMNH 56110 (4),

AMNH 56111 (1), AMNH 56112 (1), AMNH 56113

(9), AMNH 56114 (10), AMNH 56115 (12), BMNH

1982.9.6.128-130 (3), BPBM 30320 (6).

Remarks: Previously confused with Nematalosa nasus Bloch 1795.

Nematalosa resticularia Nelson & McCarthy, 1995 -

Gulf gizzard shad


in original description by Nelson & McCarthy



Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Somalia

and Gulf of Aden to Persian Gulf.


27


Persian Gulf material: AMNH 56100 (holotype),

AMNH 56101 (19 paratypes), AMNH 56102 (34),

AMNH 56103 (2), AMNH 56104 (7), AMNH 56105

(1), AMNH 56106 (39), AMNH 56107 (5), BPBM

30412 (2), ZMUC uncat. (1). Remarks: Previously confused with Nematalosa nasus Bloch 1795.

Opisthopterus tardoore (Cuvier, 1829) - Tardoore


by Mahdi & Georg (1969).


western Indonesia.


Sardinella albella (Valenciennes, 1847) - White

sardinella (Oom, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Sardinella perforata; subsequently reported by Whitehead

(1965) as Sardinella bulan, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Sardinella perforata, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986)

as Sardinella perforata, Relyea (1981) as Sardinella perforata, Whitehead (1985), Hussain et al. (1988),


(2003), Dehghani (2014) and Ziyadi et al. (2018).






UMPT 06 (4), UMPT 07 (2), UMPT 17 (1).

Sardinella gibbosa (Bleeker, 1849) - Goldstripe

sardinella (Sardin-e-pahloo-talaii, Persian)


by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b); also


Sardinella fimbriata (non Valenciennes 1847),

Whitehead (1965) as Sardinella fimbriata (non

Valenciennes 1847), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Sardinella fimbriata (non Valenciennes 1847),

Relyea (1981) as Sardinella fimbriata (non

Valenciennes 1847), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim

(1982b) as Sardinella fimbriata (non Valenciennes

1847), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Sardinella fimbriata (non Valenciennes 1847), Abou-Seedo

(1992) as Sardinella fimbriata (non Valenciennes

1847), Bishop (2003) as Sardinella fimbriata (non

Valenciennes 1847), Richards et al. (2008) as

Sardinella fimbriata (non Valenciennes 1847);

subsequently reported by Whitehead (1985),



(2003) and Valinassab et al. (2013).


Africa, Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to

Philippines, north to Taiwan, south to northern

Western Australia; Lessepsian migrant into eastern

Mediterranean (Stern et al. 2014).

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1962.10.20.1-41 (41),

BMNH 2014.5.27.35-39 (5), ZMUC CN2-3 (2).

Sardinella longiceps Valenciennes, 1847 - Indian oil

sardine (Sardin-e-roghani, Persian)



by Abou-Seedo (1992), Carpenter et al. (1997b),

Bishop (2003), Taher et al. (2012) and Jabado et al.

(2015a).

Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean:

Somalia, Gulf of Aden and Persian Gulf east to India.



Sardinella melanura (Cuvier, 1829) - Blacktip

sardinella (Sardin-e-dom-syah, Persian)




Abe (1986), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop

(2003).



western Mascarenes east to northern Gilbert Islands

28


(Kiribati), Samoa and Tonga, north to southern

Japan, south to Dampier Archipelago (Western

Australia), Queensland (Australia) south to 23°03'S

and New Caledonia.


Sardinella sindensis (Day, 1878) - Sind sardinella



reported by Whitehead (1985), Kuronuma & Abe

(1986), Abou-Seedo (1992), Randall (1995a),


(2003) and Jawad & Sabighzadeh (2012).


Aden, Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to western

India.



Spratelloides delicatulus (Bennett, 1832) - Delicate

round herring






and western Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and

Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern Japan, south

to Western Australia, Tasmania (Australia), and New

Caledonia; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant).


Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30523 (4), USNM

147827 (4), USNM 148036 (12), USNM 148037 (1),

USNM 148038 (3), USNM 148040 (25), USNM

148041 (21), USNM 149042 (12), USNM 148043

(1), USNM 148044 (30), USNM 148045 (4). Tenualosa ilisha (Hammilton, 1822) - Hilsa shad

(Mahi Khor Kuchiku, Soboor, Sobur, Zabur, Zomur,

Persian; Suboor, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Hilsa ilisha;

subsequently reported by Bolster (1948) as Hilsa ilisha, Mahdi (1950) as Hilsa ilisha, Menon (1960) as

Hilsa ilisha, Khalaf (1961) as Hilsa ilisha, Whitehead

(1965) as Hilsa ilisha, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Hilsa ilisha, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Hilsa ilisha, Relyea (1981) as Hilsa ilisha, Whitehead

(1985), Hussain et al. (1988, 1994), Abou-Seedo

(1992) as Hilsa ilisha, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et

al. (1997b), Nasir (2000), Bishop (2003), Al-Dubakel

(2011), Nasir & Khalid (2013), Valinassab et al.

(2013) and Dehghani (2014).

Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Madagascar and

Persian Gulf east to South China Sea.


Family Engraulidae

Encrasicholina gloria Hata & Moromura 2016 -

Glory anchovy


in original description by Hata & Motomura (2016);

previously reported by Whitehead et al. (1988) as

Encrasicholina punctifer (non Fowler 1938),

Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Encrasicholina punctifer (non Fowler 1938), Bishop (2003) as Encrasicholina punctifer (non Fowler 1938) and Jawad &

Sabighzadeh (2012) as Encrasicholina punctifer (non

Fowler 1938).


Persian Gulf; Lessepsian migrant into eastern

Mediterranean Sea.


Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1984.5.16.9-15 (5

paratypes).

Encrasicholina heteroloba (Rüppell, 1837) -

Shorthead anchovy


by Whitehead (1965) as Stolephorus heterolobus;

subsequently reported by Relyea (1981) as

Stolephorus heterolobus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as

Stolephorus heterolobus, Whitehead et al. (1988) as

Encrasicholina devisi, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as

E. heteroloba and E. devisi, Bishop (2003) as

Encrasicholina devisi and Richards et al. (2008).


29


Africa, Persian Gulf and northern Madagascar east to

Caroline Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to

southern Japan, south to Port Hedland (Western

Australia) and New Caledonia.


Persian Gulf material: USNM 147912 (11), ZMUC

C4-8 (2).

Remarks: Amentum devisi Whitley 1940 is a junior

synonym.

Stolephorus indicus (Van Hasselt, 1823) - Indian

anchovy (Motoo hendi, Persian)



reported by Whitehead (1965), Mahdi & Georg

(1969), Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986),

Whitehead et al. (1988), Krupp & Müller (1994) as

Stolephorus commersoni (non Lacepède 1803),

Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000) as Stolephorus commersonii (non Lacepède 1803) and Bishop

(2003).



Caroline, Mariana and Society islands, north to South

China Sea, southward to Dampier Archipelago

(Western Australia), Queensland (Australia), New

Caledonia and French Polynesia; Lessepsian migrant

into eastern Mediterranean Sea.


Persian Gulf material: ZMUC C2 (1). Stolephorus insularis Hardenberg, 1933 -

Hardenberg's anchovy


by Carpenter et al. (1997b).

Distribution: Probably Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific:


western Indonesia and South China Sea, north to

Taiwan; Mediterranean Sea immigrant.


Thryssa baelama (Bloch & Schneider [ex Forsskål]

1801) - Baelama anchovy






western Mascarenes east to Caroline Islands

(Micronesia) and Mariana Islands, Samoa and

Tonga, north to Ogasawara Islands, south to Western

Australia, Queensland (Australia) at 16°30'S, and

New Caledonia.


Remarks: Authorship and date of species see Fricke

(2008).

Thryssa dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1848) -

Dussumier's thryssa


by Hussain et al. (1988) as Thryssa dussumeiri; subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b).


western Indonesia and South China Sea, north to

Taiwan.


Thryssa hamiltonii Gray, 1835 - Hamilton's thryssa


by Mahdi (1950) as Ergraulis hamiltonii; subsequently reported by Whitehead (1965), Mahdi

& Georg (1969) as Thrissocles hamiltonii, Nader &

Jawdat (1977), Relyea (1981) as Thryssa hamiltoni, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Thryssa hamiltoni, Hussain et al. (1988, 1994) as Thryssa hamiltoni, Whitehead et al. (1988), Abou-Seedo (1992), Randall

(1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000),

Zajonz et al. (2002), Bishop (2003), Hoveizavi et al.

(2016), Jawad (2016b, 2017) and Ziyadi et al. (2018).


Philippines, north to Taiwan and Ogasawara Islands,



Persian Gulf material: BRC 147 (1), BRC 148 (1),

ZMUC C4 (1).

30


Thryssa mystax (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) -

Moustached thryssa (Boefchach, Arabic, Kuwait)



by Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Hussain

et al. (1988, 1994) and Nasir (2000).


east to western Indonesia.



Thryssa purava (Hamilton, 1822) - Oblique-jaw

thryssa


of Misra (1947) as Thrissocles purava; subsequently

reported by Bolster (1948) as Thrissoclea purava,

Mahdi (1950) as Thrissocles purava, Khalaf (1961)

as Thrissocles purava, Whitehead (1965), Mahdi &

Georg (1969) as Thrissocles purava, Kuronuma &

Abe (1986) as Thryssa purva and Richards et al.

(2008).


east to India.

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: ZMUC C3 (1).

Thryssa setirostris (Broussonet 1782) - Longjaw

thryssa


by Nader & Jawdat (1977); subsequently reported by

Relyea (1981).



Philippines and Vanuatu, north to Taiwan, south to

North-West Cape (Western Australia) and



Persian Gulf material. BRC 146.

Thryssa vitrirostris (Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908) -

Orangemouth anchovy (Kawa, Lache-e-dahan-

naranji, Persian)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Engraulis vitrirostris; subsequently reported by Whitehead

(1965), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Thrissocles vitrirostris, Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Whitehead et

al. (1988), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b)

as Thryssa vetrirostris, Bishop (2003), Dehghani

(2014).


Africa to Persian Gulf and Madagascar.

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: ZMUC C1-2, 5-14 (12).

Thryssa whiteheadi Wongratana, 1983 - Whitehead's

thryssa


in original description by Wongratana (1983);

previously reported by Menon (1960) as Thrissocles malabaricus (non Bloch 1795), Khalaf (1961) as

Thrissocles malabaricus (non Bloch 1795), Mahdi &

Georg (1969) as Thrissocles malabarica (non Bloch

1795); subsequently reported by Al-Hassan &

Hussain (1985) as Thryssa malabarica (non Bloch

1795), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Thryssa malabarica (non Bloch 1795), Whitehead et al.

(1988), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b),

Bishop (2003) and Richards et al. (2008) as Thryssa malabarica (non Bloch 1795).


Gulf endemic.


FamilyPristigasteridae

Ilisha compressa Randall, 1994 - Compressed ilisha


in original description by Randall (1994a);

subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter

et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Nasir & Khalid

(2013).


Gulf endemic.



BMNH 1974.7.22.4 (1 paratype), BPBM 36412 (1

31


paratype), USNM 329752 (1 paratype).

Ilisha megaloptera (Swainson, 1839) - Bigeye ilisha

(Sawayah, Arabic, Kuwait; Shamsak-e-bozorg,

Persian)


by Al-Hassan & Hussain (1985); previously reported

by Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Ilisha elongata (non

Anonymous [Bennett] 1830), Relyea (1981) as Ilisha elongata (non Anonymous [Bennett] 1830);

subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986)

as Ilisha melanoptera and I. elongata (non

Anonymous [Bennett] 1830), Hussain et al. (1988,

1994), Valinassab et al. (2013) and Hoveizavi et al.

(2016).


Gulf of Oman east to western Indonesia, north to

southern China.


Ilisha striatula Wongratana 1983 - Striped ilisha

(Shamsak-e-koochak, Persian; Sawayah, Arabic,

Kuwait)


Gulf; previously reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin

(1944) as Ilisha indica (non Swainson 1839) and

Opisthopterus indicus (non Swainson 1839),

Whitehead (1965) as Ilisha indica (non Swainson

1839), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Euplatygaster indica (non Swainson 1839), Kuronuma & Abe

(1972, 1986) as Ilisha indica (non Swainson 1839),

Relyea (1981) as Ilisha indica (non Swainson 1839),

Hussain et al. (1988) as Ilisha melanostoma (non

Bloch & Schneider 1801), Abou-Seedo (1992) as

Ilisha melastoma (non Bloch & Schneider 1801),

Hussain et al. (1994) as Ilisha melanostoma (non

Bloch & Schneider 1801), Randall (1995a) as Ilisha melanostoma (non Bloch & Schneider 1801),

Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Ilisha melanostoma (non

Bloch & Schneider 1801), Nasir (2000) as Ilisha melanostoma (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Bishop

(2003) as Ilisha melanostoma (non Bloch &

Schneider 1801), Valinassab et al. (2013) as Ilisha

melastomata (non Bloch & Schneider 1801) and

Dehghani (2014) as Ilisha melanostoma (non Bloch

& Schneider 1801).


east to India.


Persian Gulf material: UMPT 14 (1), ZMUC C1-8

(8).

Ilisha sirishai Seshagiri Rao, 1975 - Lobejaw ilisha


by Whitehead (1985); subsequently reported by



Gulf of Oman east to western Indonesia and Gulf of

Thailand.


Order CYPRINODONTIFORMES

Family Cyprinodontidae

Aphanius stoliczkanus (Day 1872) – Common

pupfish


by Freyhof et al. (2017); previously reported by

Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Cyprinodon dispar (non Rüpell 1829), Mahdi (1950) as Aphanius dispar (non Rüppell 1829), Menon (1960) as Aphanius dispar (non Rüppell 1829), Khalaf (1961) as

Aphanius dispar (non Rüppell 1829), Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Aphanius dispar (non Rüppell 1829),

Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Aphanius dispar (non Rüppell 1829), Relyea (1981) as Aphanius dispar (non Rüppell 1829), Sivasubramaniam &

Ibrahim (1982b) as Aphanius dispar (non Rüppell

1829), Krupp (1991) as Aphanius dispar (non

Rüppell 1829), Krupp & Müller (1994) as Aphanius dispar (non Rüppell 1829), Randall (1995a) as

Aphanius dispar dispar (non Rüppell 1829),

Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Aphanius dispar (non

Rüppell 1829), Zajonz et al. (2002) as Lebias dispar dispar (non Rüppell 1829), Bishop (2003) as

Aphanius dispar (non Rüppell 1829) and Taher et al.

(2012) as Aphanius dispar (non Rüppell 1829).

32


Systematics and historical biogeography of the

Aphanius dispar species group is given by Teimori et

al. (2018).

Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: coastal areas

Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Gujarat, India.



147949 (1), USNM 147950 (10), USNM 147951

(10), USNM 147952 (2).

Order ELOPIFORMES

Family Elopidae

Elops machnata (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr

1775) - Tenpounder



Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Carpenter et al. (1997b),

Zajonz et al. (2002) and Richards et al. (2008).



and western Mascarenes [extinct in Réunion] east to

Philippines; possibly Hawaiian Islands.



(2008).

Family Megalopidae

Megalops cyprinoides (Broussonet, 1782) - Indo-

Pacific tarpon



Zajonz et al. (2002).



and Mascarenes east to Mariana Islands, Tuamotu

Archipelago and Marquesas Islands, north to

southern Korea, south to New South Wales

(Australia), New Caledonia and Austral Islands.


Order GADIFORMES

Family Bregmacerotidae

Bregmaceros arabicus D'Ancona & Cavinato, 1965


Gulf; previously reported by Al-Hassan & Al-Badri

(1986) as Bregmaceros macclellandi (non Thompson

1840) and Hussain et al. (1988) as Bregmaceros macclellandi (non Thompson 1840).

Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Persian

Gulf and Arabian Sea east to Papua New Guinea,

north to southern Japan.

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Bregmaceros nectabanus Whitley, 1941 - Smallscale

codlet



by Krupp (1991), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and

Richards et al. (2008).

Distribution: Eastern Atlantic; Indo-West Pacific:

East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles and

Madagascar east to Fiji, north to Ryukyu Islands,

south to Queensland (Australia).


Bregmaceros rarisquamosus Munro, 1950 - Big-eye

unicorn-cod



Richards et al. (2008).



Guinea, south to northern Australia.


Order GASTEROSTEIFORMES

Family Pegasidae

Pegasus volitans Linnaeus, 1758 - Longtail seamouth


by Basson et al. (1981) as Pegasus natans;


as Parapegasus natans, Palsson & Pietsch (1989),



Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to Philippines and

New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to

33


northern Australia.


Persian Gulf material: BPBM 21114 (2), BPBM

30321 (1), UMPT 14 (1), USNM 147848 (5), USNM

195571 (1), WAM 25988-002 (1).

Remarks: Pegasus natans Linnaeus 1766 is a junior

synonym. Order GONORYNCHIFORMES

FamilyChanidae

Chanos chanos (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr

1775) - Milkfish (Khameh Mahi, Persian)




Abe (1986), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al.

(1997b), Zajonz et al. (2002), Bishop (2003), Taher

et al. (2012) and Coad (2015).

Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific and adjacent

river systems: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf,


Hawaiian Islands and Panama, north to southern

Japan, south to Western Australia, New South Wales

(Australia) and Norfolk Island; Mediterranean Sea

immigrant.


Persian Gulf material: CMNFI 1979-0142 (11).

Remarks: Authorship of species see Fricke (2008).

Order LOPHIIFORMES

Family Antennariidae

Antennarius indicus Schultz, 1964 - Indian frogfish


by Jawad & Hussain (2014).

Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: East Africa and

Persian Gulf east to India and Sri Lanka.


Antennatus nummifer (Cuvier, 1817) - Spotfin

frogfish


by Regan (1905) as Antennarius nummifer; subsequently reported by Pietsch & Grobecker

(1987), Randall (1995a) as Antennarius nummifer, Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b) as Antennarius nummifer and Bishop (2003) as Antennarius nummifer. Distribution: Eastern and central Atlantic: Azores,

Madeira, Canary Islands, Saint Helena; Red Sea,

Indo-West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian

Gulf, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to

Hawaiian Islands and Society Islands, north to

southern Japan, south to Rottnest Island (Western

Australia) and northern New Zealand.

IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Remark: Previously named Antennarius nummifer (Cuvier, 1817).

Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1898.12.24.103-112

(22), FMNH 2487 (6).

Family Lophiidae

Lophiomus setigerus (Vahl 1797) - Blackmouth

angler


by Jawad & Al-Badri (2014).


South Africa and Persian Gulf east to Marshall

Islands and Fiji, north to Sea of Japan, south to Shark

Bay (Western Australia), New South Wales



Order OPHIDIIFORMES

Family Bythitidae

Dinematichthys iluocoeteoides Bleeker, 1855 -

Yellow pigmy brotula



Møller & Schwarzhans (2008).

Distribution: Southern Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific:

East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros,

Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Samoa and

Tonga, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara

islands and Taiwan, south to Western Australia and



34



30861 (1).

Family Ophidiidae

Brotula multibarbata Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 -

Goatsbeard brotula





and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn

Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara

Islands, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia

and Lord Howe Island.


Neobythites gloriae Uiblein & Nielsen, 2018


in original description by Uiblein & Nielsen (2018);

previously reported by Nielsen (1995, 2002) as

Neobythites steatiticus (non Alcock 1894).


Gulf and Gulf of Oman.


Persian Gulf material: BMHN 1910.1.31.23 (1

paratype).

Neobythites sp.


by Jawad et al. (2014b) as Neobythites steatiticus

(non Alcock 1894).

Persian Gulf material: MRSCI 00012.

Spottobrotula persica Nielsen, Schwarzhans &

Uiblein 2014 - Persian brotula


in original description by Schwarzhans et al. (2014).

Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Socotra

Island, Persian Gulf.


Persian Gulf material: ZMUC P771720 (holotype),

ISRCB (2 paratypes).

Order PERCIFORMES

Remarks: There are cotraversial debates about the

families and some of Perciformes and some of them

have been considered as distinct order (see Nelson et

al. 2016).

Family Acanthuridae

Acanthurus sohal (Gmelin [ex Forsskål] 1789) -

Sohal surgeonfish


by Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981); subsequently

reported by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as

Acanthurus lineatus (non Linnaeus 1758), Kuronuma

& Abe (1986) as Acanthurus sohal and A. lineatus

(non Linnaeus 1758), Krupp & Müller (1994),

Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b),

Randall (2002), Bishop (2003), Buchanan et al.

(2015), Jawad (2017) and Torquato et al. (2017).


Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf.



Remarks: Authorship and date of species see Fricke

(2008).

Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus, 1758) - Convict

surgeonfish


by Relyea (1981); subsequently reported by

Kuronuma & Abe (1986) and Randall (2002).

Distribution: Indo-Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf,

Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes

east to Mexico and Panama (eastern Pacific), north to

southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Lord

Howe Island, New Caledonia, Kermadec Islands,

Rapa and Ducie (Pitcairn Group).

IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Ctenochaetus truncatus Randall & Clements 2001 -

Indian goldring bristletooth


Gulf; previously reported by Nader & Jawdat (1977)

as Ctenochaetus strigosus (non Bennett 1828) and

Relyea (1981) as Ctenochaetus striatus (non Quoy &

35


Gaimard 1825).

Distribution: Indian Ocean: East and South Africa,

Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Aldabra,

Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Andaman Sea

and Indonesia, Christmas Island and Cocos Keeling

Islands.


Persian Gulf material: BRC 167 (1).

Zebrasoma xanthurum (Blyth, 1852) - Yellowtail

tang


by Klausewitz (1969); subsequently reported by

Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Zebrasoma xanthurus,

Basson et al. (1981) as Zebrasoma xanthurus, Relyea

(1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as

Zebrasoma xanthurus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986),

Smith & Saleh (1987), Krupp & Müller (1994),

Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Randall

(2002), Bishop (2003), Al-Badri & Jawad (2014),

Buchanan et al. (2015) and Jawad (2017).


Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf to

Maldives and Sri Lanka.



Family Acropomatidae

Acropoma splendens (Lloyd, 1909) - Indian

glowbelly

Status in Persian Gulf: New record of this taxon from

Persian Gulf; previously reported by Carpenter et al.

(1997b) as Acropoma japonicum (non Günther 1859)

and by Okamoto & Golani (2017) as Acropoma lacrima.

Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Oman and

Persian Gulf east to western India.


Family Ambassidae

Ambassis ambassis (Lacepède, 1802) - Bald glassy


by Zajonz et al. (2002) as Ambassis gymnocephalus.

Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: East and South

Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar, Réunion and

Mauritius (western Mascarenes) east to western

India.


Family Apogonidae

Apogon coccineus Rüppell, 1838 - Ruby cardinalfish




Greenfield (2001), Bishop (2003) and Gon & Randall

(2003).


Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf.



266550 (3).

Apogonichthyoides pharaonis (Bellotti, 1874) -

Bullseye (Dahanlaneh-e-Khaldar, Persian)


by Gon (2000) as Apogon pharaonis; previously

reported by by Regan (1905) as Apogon nigripinnis (non Cuvier, 1828), Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as

Apogon thurstoni, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Apogon thurstoni, Nader & Jawdat (1977) as Apogon thurstoni, Relyea (1981) as Apogonichthyoides nigripinnis (non Cuvier 1828), Kuronuma & Abe

(1986) as Apogon nigripinnis group (non Cuvier

1828) and Apogon thurstoni, Abou-Seedo (1992) as

Apogon pharaonis, Randall (1995a) as Apogon nigripinnis (non Cuvier, 1828), Carpenter et al.

(1997b) as Apogon nigripinnis (non Cuvier, 1828;

subsequently reported by Gon & Randall (2003) as

Apogon pharaonis.


Africa and Persian Gulf east to India; Mediterranean



Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1899.5.8.23 (1), BRC

155 (1), MCZ 59291 (1), UMPT 13 (2), UMPT 14

(2), UMPT 16 (1), UMPT 19 (10), UMPT 20 (2),

36


USNM 149680 (1), USNM 196482 (1).

Apogonichthyoides pseudotaeniatus (Gon, 1986) -

Doublebar cardinalfish


by Randall (1995a) as Apogon pseudotaeniatus;


Apogon pseudotaeniatus and Gon & Randall (2003)

as Apogon pseudotaeniatus.


Persian Gulf east to Pakistan.


Apogonichthyoides taeniatus (Cuvier, 1828) -

Twobelt cardinal


by Regan (1905) as Apogon bifasciatus;

subsequently reported by Gon (1986b) as Apogon taeniatus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Apogon taeniatus, Smith & Saleh (1987) as Apogon taeniatus,

Krupp & Müller (1994) as Apogon taeniatus, Randall

(1995a) as Apogon taeniatus, Carpenter et al. (1997a,

1997b) as Apogon taeniatus and Bishop (2003) as

Apogon taeniatus.


Africa, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf to

Madagascar; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea

immigrant).



147939 (2), USNM 196479 (2), USNM 266553 (1). Apogonichthyoides uninotatus (Smith & Radcliffe,

1912) - Onespot cardinalfish


by Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Apogon uninotatus;

subsequently reported by Basson et al. (1981) as

Apogon uninotatus, Wright (1988), Abou-Seedo

(1992) as Apogon uninotatus and Edwin (2012).

Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf eaat to

Philippines.



Cheliodipterus macrodon (Lacepède, 1802) - Large

toothed cardinalfish





Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mascarenes

east to Marshall Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to

southern Japan, south to Western Australia, New

South Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island, Tonga

and Rapa.

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Cheliodipterus novemstriatus (Rüppell, 1838) -

Indian Ocean twospot cardinalfish


in original description of Paramia bipunctata by

Lachner (1951); subsequently reported by Kuronuma

& Abe (1986) as Cheilodipterus bipunctatus, Gon


Gon & Randall (2003).


Gulf of Aden east to Persian Gulf.


Persian Gulf material: UMPT 09 (33), USNM

147944 (holotype of Paramia bipunctata Lachner

1951), BPBM 30446 (5), USNM 112039 (2

paratypes of Paramia bipunctata Lachner 1951).

Cheilodipterus persicus Gon, 1993 - Persian

cardinalfish


in original description by Gon (1993); previously

reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as

Cheilodipterus arabicus (non Gmelin 1789), Smith &

Saleh (1987) as Cheilodipterus arabicus (non Gmelin

1789); subsequently reported by Krupp & Müller

(1994) as Cheilodipterus arabicus (non Gmelin

1789), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a,

1997b) and Bishop (2003).


Gulf endemic.


37



BPBM 21256 (3 paratypes), BPBM 29505 (3

paratypes), SMF 19803 (4 paratypes), USNM

147942 (8 paratypes), WAM P.25979-001 (3

paratypes), WAM P.26463-005 (1 paratype).

Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus Cuvier, 1828 - Five-

lined cardinalfish


by Relyea (1981); subsequently reported by Smith &

Saleh (1987), Krupp & Müller (1994), Gon &

Randall (2003) and Edwin (2012).




southern Japan, south to Western Australia,

Queensland (Australia), Lord Howe Island and Rapa.


Fowleria variegata (Valenciennes, 1832) -

Variegated cardinalfish



Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Gon & Randall (2003).


Africa, Persian Gulf, Aldabra, Madagascar and

Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Philippines, Tonga

and Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to Western


Caledonia.



Fowleria vaiulae (Jordan & Seale, 1906) - Mottled

cardinalfish


by Wright (1988); subsequently reported by Randall

et al. (1994) as Fowleria abocellata, Randall (1995a)

as Fowleria abocellata, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as

Fowleria abocellata, Gon & Randall (2003) and

Edwin (2012).


Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to

Marshall Islands, Line Islands and Society Islands,

north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia,

Queensland (Australia), and Tonga.

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33297 (1). Remark: Fowleria abocellata (Goren & Karplus,

1980) is a junior synonym.

Jaydia queketti (Gilchrist, 1903) - Spotfin cardinal


by Randall (1995a) as Apogon queketti; subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as

Apogon queketti, Gon (1997) as Apogon (Jaydia) queketti and Gon & Randall (2003) as Apogon queketti. Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: South

and East Africa and Persian Gulf east to western

India; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant).

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: MCZ 88945 (2).

Jaydia striata (Smith & Radcliffe 1912)


by Gon (1997) as Apogon (Jaydia) striatus.


Philippines, north to Taiwan.

Persian Gulf material: MCZ 88942 (17).

Jaydia truncata (Bleeker, 1855) - Flagfin cardinalfish


by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Apogon ellioti; subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) as Apogon truncatus, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Apogon truncates and Gon (1997) as Apogon (Jaydia) truncatus.


Philippines and New Guinea, north to southern

Japan, south to northern Australia.

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30324 (1), BPBM

33232 (1), MCZ 88941 (1), MCZ 88944 (2), UMPT

11 (6), UMPT 20 (3).

Remarks. Apogon ellioti Day, 1875 is a junior

38


synonym.

Ostorhinchus cookii (Macleay, 1881) - Cook's

cardinalfish


by Randall et al. (1994) as Apogon cookii; previously

reported by Relyea (1981) as Lovamia novemfasciata

(non Cuvier 1828), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as

Apogon novemfasciatus (non Cuvier 1828);


Apogon cookii. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East

Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Réunion

(Mascarenes) east to Philippines, north to southern

Japan, south to Queensland (Australia) and New

Caledonia.

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1975.4.5.33 (1).

Ostorhinchus cyanosoma (Bleeker, 1853) -

Yellowstriped cardinalfish


by Krupp & Müller (1994) as Apogon cyanosoma;

subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) as Apogon cyanosoma, Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) as Apogon cyanosoma and Bishop (2003) as Apogon cyanosoma.



Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Wake Atoll and

Marshall Islands, Fiji and Tonga, north to southern

Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland


IUCN: Not Evaluated.

Ostorhinchus fasciatus (White, 1790) - Broadbanded

cardinalfish (Dahanlaneh-e-donavari, Persian)


by Regan (1905) as Apogon quadrifasciatus;


as Apogon quadrifasciatus, Relyea (1981) as Apogon quadrifasciatus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Apogon quadrifasciatus; subsequently reported by Randall

(1995a) as Apogon fasciatus, Carpenter et al. (1997b)

as Apogon fasciatus, Bishop (2003) as Apogon fasciatus and Fraser (2005) as Apogon fasciatus. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East


Réunion (Mascarenes) south to Mozambique, east to


Japan, south to northern Australia; Mediterranean



Persian Gulf material: SMF 26066 (8), SMF 26071

(5), UMPT 11 (1), USNM 357472 (1), USNM

357478 (11), USNM 357478 (11), USNM 357471

(2), ZMUC CN4 (1), ZMUC CN5 (1), ZMUC CN6-

7 (2), ZMUC CN 8 (1), ZMUC CN 9-10 (2).

Remark: Apogon quadrifasciatus Cuvier 1828 is a

junior synonym.

Ostorhinchus fleurieu Lacepède, 1802 - Flower

cardinalfish


by Randall et al. (1990) as Apogon fleurieu;

subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) as Apogon fleurieu, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Apogon fleurieu

and Gon & Randall (2003) as Apogon fleurieu.


Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar to Philippines

and New Guinea, north to Hong Kong and Taiwan,

south to Solomon Islands.


Ostorhinchus gularis (Fraser & Lachner, 1984) -

Gular cardinalfish


by Allen & Randall (1994) as Apogon smithvanizi; subsequently reported by Gon & Randall (2003) as

Apogon gularis.


Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Andaman Sea

and the Philippines.


Persian Gulf material: WAM P.25988-001 (holotype

of Apogon smithvanizi Allen & Randall 1994),

39


BPBM 36421 (2 paratypes of Apogon smithvanizi Allen & Randall 1994); USNM 331174 (1 paratype

of Apogon smithvanizi Allen & Randall 1994).

Remark: Apogon smithvanizi Allen & Randall 1994

is a junior synonym. Persian Gulf material: UMPT 12 (5).

Pristiapogon fraenatus (Valenciennes, 1832) -

Bridled cardinalfish


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Apogon fraenatus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Apogon fraenatus, Relyea (1981),

Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Apogon frenatus,

Randall et al. (1994) and Carpenter et al. (1997b) as

Apogon fraenatus.



Mascarenes east to Line and Gambier islands, north

to Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan), south to Western

Australia, New South Wales (Australia), New

Caledonia and Austral Islands.


Pseudamia tarri Randall, Lachner & Fraser, 1985 -

Tarr's cardinalfish


in original description by Randall et al. (1985);

subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b).

Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf,

Seychelles.


Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30447 (holotype). Siphamia arabica Gon & Allen 2012 - Arabian

cardinalfish Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf

in original description by Gon & Allen (2012).


Gulf and Oman.


Persian Gulf material: WAM P.26460-006

(holotype).

Taeniamia fucata (Cantor, 1849) - Orangelined

cardinalfish


by Krupp & Müller (1994) as Archamia fucata;

previously reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944)

as Apogon lineolatus (non Cuvier 1828);


Archamia lineolata, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as

Apogon lineolatus (non Cuvier 1828); subsequently

reported by Randall (1995a) as Archamia fucata,

Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Archamia fucata, Krupp

et al. (2000) as Archamia fucata and Gon & Randall

(2003) as Archamia fucata.


Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar, Mascarenes and

Seychelles east to Marshall Islands, Samoa and

Tonga, north to Izu Islands (Japan), southern Japan

and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia,

Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia.


Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33276 (3), SMF 29127

(2), SMF 29228 (4), SNMNH F62 (7).

Ostorhinchus aureus (Lacepède, 1802) - Ring-tailed

cardinalfish


by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Apogon aureus.


Gulf, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to

Society Islands, north to southern Japan, south to

Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia),



Verulux cypselurus (Weber, 1909) - Swallowtail

cardinalfish


by Randall et al. (1994) as Rhabdamia cypselura;


Rhabdamia cypselura and Edwin (2012).


Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Marshall

Islands, Fiji and Tonga, north to Japan, south to

40


Western Australia and New Caledonia.

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 34457 (7).

Family Ariommatidae

Ariomma indicum (Day, 1871) - Indian driftfish


of Regan (1905) as Psenes indicus; subsequently

reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Psenes indicus, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Psenes indicus,

Nellen (1973) as Ariomma indica, Sivasubramaniam

& Ibrahim (1982a, b) as Ariomma indicia, Kuronuma

& Abe (1986) as Ariomma indica, Randall (1995a)

as Ariomma indica and Carpenter et al. (1997b) as

Ariomma indica.



Philippines, south to Australia, north to southern

Japan.


Family Blenniidae

Remarks: A record of Istiblennius spilotus Springer

& Williams 1994 based on material questionably

originating from the entrance of the Persian Gulf

needs confirmation (Springer & Williams 1994).

Alticus kirkii (Günther, 1868) - Kirk's blenny




Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: East Africa,

Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to western India.



Antennablennius adenensis Fraser-Brunner, 1951 -

Aden blenny



Randall et al. (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et

al. (1997a, b) and Bishop (2003).



IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30206 (2), BPBM

30854 (10), BPBM 34470 (4), USNM 274716 (4),

USNM 279342 (1). Antennablennius bifilum (Günther, 1861) - Horned

rockskipper


by Regan (1905) as Blennius persicus; subsequently

reported by Fraser-Brunner (1951) as

Antennablennius persicus, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Blennius persicus, Relyea (1981) as Antennablennius persicus, Bath (1983), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as

Blennius persicus, Springer (1986), Randall (1995a)



Africa, Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Aldabra,

Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to India.


Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1900.7.25.42

(lectotype of Blennius persicus Regan 1905, as

selected by Bath 1983), BMNH 1900.7.25.43-44 (2

paralectotypes of Blennius persicus Regan 1905).

Remarks: Blennius persicus Regan 1905 is a junior

synonym. Antennablennius hypenetes (Klunzinger, 1871) -

Arabian blenny


by Bath (1983); subsequently reported by Randall et

al. (1994), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al.

(1997b).



IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30207 (1), USNM

217351 (1).

Antennablennius simonyi (Steindachner, 1902) -

Simony's blenny


in original description of Antennablennius girad by

Fraser-Brunner (1951); subsequently reported by

41


Bath (1983), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al.

(1997b).


Aden and Gulf of Oman to Persian Gulf.


Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1932.2.18.41

(holotype of Antennablennius girad Fraser-Brunner

1951), BMNH 1932.2.18.42 (1 paratype of

Antennablennius girad Fraser-Brunner 1951).

Antennablennius variopunctatus (Jatzow & Lenz,

1898) - Orangedotted blenny



Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) and

Bishop (2003).


Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Pakistan.

IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1994.1.18.1-6 (6),

BPBM 33116 (1), USNM 196518 (1), USNM

279343 (6).

Blenniella periophthalmus (Valenciennes, 1836) -

Blue-dashed rockskipper


by Randall et al. (1994) as Istiblennius periophthalmus; subsequently reported by Randall

(1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b).


Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and

Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands, Marquesas

Islands and Gambier Islands, north to Ryukyu


and Austral Islands.

IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 34473 (5).

Cirripectes filamentosus (Alleyne & Macleay, 1877)

- Filamentous blenny


by Williams (1988); subsequently reported by



East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar

and Saint Brandon's Shoals east to Philippines and

Solomon Islands, north to southern Japan, south to




Ecsenius pulcher (Murray, 1887) - Gulf Blenny


by Regan (1905) as Salarias anomalus; subsequently

reported by Springer (1971, 1972, 1988), Relyea

(1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Smith & Saleh

(1987), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a),

Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003) and

Attaran-Farimani et al. (2016).


Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Pakistan.


Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1900.5.9.47 (lectotype

of Salarias anomalus Regan 1905, as selected by

Attaran-Farimani et al. 2016: 174), BMNH

1900.5.9.48-56 (15 paralectotypes of Salarias anomalus Regan 1905), USNM 196505 (2), USNM

196506 (1), USNM 201571 (1), USNM 201572 (1

c&s), USNM 265625 (1).

Remarks: Salarias anomalus Regan 1905 is a junior

synonym.

Hirculops cornifer (Rüppell, 1830) - Highbrow

rockskipper



Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Edwin

(2012).

Distribution: Red Sea, Western Indian Ocean: East

and South Africa and Persian Gulf to Madagascar.


Istiblennius edentulus (Forster & Schneider 1801) -

Rippled rockskipper


42


by Springer & Williams (1994); previously reported

by Regan (1905) as Salarias dussumieri (non

Valenciennes 1836) and Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as

Salarias dussumieri (non Valenciennes 1836).


South Africa, Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel,


Wake Atoll and Pitcairn, north to southern Japan and

Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia, New

South Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island and

Rapa.


Istiblennius pox Spinger & Williams, 1994 - Scarface

rockskipper


by Springer & Williams (1994); previously reported

by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Salarias lineatus

(non Valenciennes 1836), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Istiblennius lineatus (non Valenciennes 1836),

Relyea (1981) as Istiblennius lineatus (non

Valenciennes 1836), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as

Salarias lineatus (non Valenciennes 1836), Randall


Distribution: Southern Red Sea, northwestern Indian

Ocean: Somalia, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman and

Persian Gulf east to Pakistan.


Mimoblennius cirrosus Smith-Vaniz & Springer,

1971 - Fringed blenny




Bishop (2003).


Gulf of Aden to Persian Gulf.


30855 (4), BPBM 33278 (2), USNM 274717 (1).

Oman ypsilon Springer, 1985 - Oman blenny


by Zogaris et al. (2015).

Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: central



Omobranchus fasciolatus (Valenciennes, 1836) -

Arab blenny

Status in Persian Gulf: Fist record from Persian Gulf

by Springer & Gomon (1975); subsequently reported

by Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Springer

(1986), Krupp & Müller (1994) as Omobranchus fasciatus, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b)

and Bishop (2003).



(western Mascarenes) east to Pakistan.



147984 (9).

Omobranchus mekranensis (Regan, 1905) - Mekran

blenny


by Springer & Gomon (1975); subsequently reported

by Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall



Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Pakistan and

Laccadive Islands.

IUCN: Vulnerable (VU). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1900.7.25.41 (1).

Omobranchus punctatus (Valenciennes, 1836) -

Muzzled blenny


by Regan (1905) as Salarias sindensis; subsequently


Petroscirtes punctatus, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Petroscirtes punctatus, Springer & Gomon (1975),

Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Springer

(1986), Ismail & Clayton (1990), Randall (1995a),

Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003).


43



Philippines and Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to

Exmouth Gulf (Western Australia) and southern

Queensland (Australia); Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea

immigrant); introduced in western Atlantic from

Caribbean Sea to Brazil.

IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: ZMUC CN6-7 (2).

Parablennius opercularis (Murray, 1887) - Cheekspot

blenny


by Regan (1905) as Salarias opercularis;


as Pictiblennius opercularis, Bath (1989), Krupp &


(1997a, 1997b) and Bishop (2003).


Gulf and Oman east to Pakistan.


Persian Gulf material: ANSP 132679 (1), BPBM

30209 (3), USNM 147983 (1), USNM 217341 (4).

Parablennius thysanius (Jordan & Seale, 1907) -

Tasseled blenny





Oman east to Philippines, north to Thailand;

introduced in Hawaiian Islands.


Petroscirtes ancylodon Rüppell, 1835 - Arabian

fangblenny


by Smith-Vaniz (1976); previously reported by

Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Petroscirtes variabilis (non Cantor 1849), Mahdi & Georg (1969)

as Petroscirtes variabilis (non Cantor 1849);

subsequently reported by Relyea (1981), Kuronuma

& Abe (1986) as Dasson variabilis (non Cantor

1849), Smith-Vaniz (1987), Krupp & Müller (1994),


(2003) and Edwin (2012) as as Petroscirtes variabilis

(non Cantor 1849).


Persian Gulf; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea

immigrant).

IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 147973 (20), USNM

147973 (92), USNM 147974 (6), USNM 147975 (2),

USNM 196489 (4), USNM 196490 (4), USNM

217353 (1).

Petroscirtes mitratus Rüppell, 1830 - Floral blenny


by Regan (1905) as Petroscirtes barbatus;

subsequently reported by Smith-Vaniz (1975),

Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) and



Africa, Persian Gulf, Comoros, Madagascar and

Mascarenes east to Samoa and Tonga, north to


Queensland (Australia), and New Caledonia.



147979 (1).

Salarias fasciatus (Bloch, 1786)


by Regan (1905); subsequently reported by

Kuronuma & Abe (1986).


Africa, Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel,


Marshall Islands and Samoa, north to Ryukyu


and Tonga.


Xiphasia setifer Swainson, 1839 - Hairtail blenny


by Smith-Vaniz (1976); subsequently reported by


44




Mascarenes east to Vanuatu, north to southern Japan,

south to Exmouth Gulf (Western Australia), New

South Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island and New

Caledonia.


265626 (1), USNM 326052 (1), ZMH uncat. (2).

Family Caesionidae

Caesio lunaris Cuvier, 1830 - Lunar fusilier


by Carpenter (1987); previously reported by Basson

et al. (1981) as Paracaesio sp.; subsequently reported

by Carpenter (1988), Krupp & Müller (1994),


Bishop (2003).




east to Marshall Islands and Fiji, north to southern

Japan, south to off northwestern Australia and New

Caledonia.



30692 (2), BPBM 30767 (7).

Caesio varilineata Carpenter, 1987 - Variable-lined

fusilier


in original description by Carpenter (1987);

previously reported by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim

(1982b) as Caesio caerulaureus (non Lacepède

1801); subsequently reported by Carpenter (1988),


et al. (1997a, 1997b) and Bishop (2003).

Distribution: Red Sea, Indian Ocean: East and South

Africa and Persian Gulf east to western Sumatra and

Java (Indonesia).



AMS I.25457-001 (1 paratype), BMNH 1985.9.17.1

(1 paratype), BPBM 21197 (2 paratypes), BPBM

29430 (4 paratypes), BPBM 30688 (1 paratype),


paratypes), CAS 57406 (1 paratype), MNHN 1985-

0877 (1 paratype), USNM 264359 (2 paratypes),

USNM 279171 (2), WAM P.25980-001 (1 paratype),

WAM P.25986-002 (1 paratype), WAM P.25997-

001 (4 paratypes).

Family Callionymidae

Callionymus carebares Alcock, 1890 - Indian

deepwater dragonet


by Randall (1995a).

Distribution: Indian Ocean: East Africa, Gulf of

Aden and Persian Gulf east to Andaman Sea (western

Thailand).


Callionymus erythraeus Ninni, 1934 - Smallhead

dragonet


by Fricke (1980); previously reported by Blegvad &

Løppenthin (1944) as Callionymus longicaudatus

(non Temminck & Schlegel 1845), Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Callionymus longicaudatus (non

Temminck & Schlegel 1845), Randall (1995a) and


Distribution: Southern Red Sea, northern Indian

Ocean: Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to

Singapore.



BMNH 1911.2.23.32 (1), SMNS 8502 (1), SMNS

8516 (1), SMNS 8540 (1), SMNS 8563 (1), SMNS

9060 (3), SMNS 9061 (1), USNM 231407 (1).

Callionymus filamentosus Valenciennes, 1837-

Blotchfin dragonet


by Fricke (1983); subsequently reported by

Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a),


45



Africa, Seychelles and Persian Gulf east to


Taiwan, south to Western Australia and Vanuatu;


IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1904.5.25.206 (1),

GCRL 4984 (2), SMNS 8503 (2), SMNS 8504 (1),

SMNS 8567 (3), UMPT 06 (1), UMPT 07 (1), UMPT

10 (1), UMPT 13 (1), USNM 147961 (2).

Callionymus hindsii Richardson, 1844 - Hinds'

dragonet


by Fricke (1983); previously reported by Kuronuma

& Abe (1972) as Callionymus sagitta (non Pallas

1770); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) and



Oman east to Malaysia and South China Sea, north to

Taiwan.


Persian Gulf material: SMNS 8494 (1), SMNS 9499

(39), SMNS 8545 (20), SMNS 8555 (16), SMNS

8557 (18), SMNS 8558 (9), SMNS 9064 (3), SMNS

9065 (1).

Callionymus margaretae Regan, 1905 - Margaret's

dragonet


by Fricke (1980); subsequently reported by Randall


Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Somalia, Oman

and Persian Gulf east to Andaman Sea (western

Thailand).

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1911.2.23.31 (1).

Callionymus marleyi Regan, 1919 - Sand dragonet

(Terr, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Fricke (1983); previously reported by Blegvad &

Løppenthin (1944) as Callionymus sagitta (non

Pallas 1770), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Callionymus sagitta (non Pallas 1770), Kuronuma & Abe (1972)

as Callionymus sagitta (non Pallas 1770), Randall


Distribution: Antiequatorial in western Indian

Ocean: Gulf of Aden to Persian Gulf and India; False

Bay (South Africa) to Mozambique and Madagascar.


BMNH 1979.1.10.1 (1), SMNS 8495 (2), SMNS

9100 (1), USNM 147962 (2), WAM P.25977-008

(2).

Callionymus persicus Regan, 1905 - Persian

dragonet


in original description by Regan (1905);

subsequently reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin

(1944), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe

(1986) as Callionymus japonicus (non Houttuyn

1782) and C. persicus, Randall (1995a) and


Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden,

Oman and Persian Gulf to Comoros, Seychelles and

Maldives.


Diplogrammus pygmaeus Fricke, 1981 - Pygmy

dragonet



Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Fricke

et al. (2014).


Oman, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf.

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30931 (2), SMNS 8471

(1).

Family Carangidae

Alectis ciliaris (Bloch, 1787) - African pompano



46


Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Torquato et al. (2017).



Alectis indica (Rüppell, 1830) - Indian threadfish

(Moghavva goozh-posht, Persian; Othaimy, Arabic,

Kuwait)



reported by Mahdi (1950), Menon (1960) as Alectis indicus, Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969),

Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Relyea (1981) as

Alectis indicus, Abou-Seedo (1992) as Alectis indicus, Randall (1995a) as Alectis indicus,

Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Alectis indicus and

Bishop (2003) as Alectis indicus.



and western Mascarenes east to Tuamotu

Archipelago, north to southern Japan, south to

Western Australia and New South Wales (Australia).



Alepes djedaba (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr

1775) - Shrimp scad (Gish-e-maygooii, Persian)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Caranx djedaba;

subsequently reported by Khalaf (1961) as Caranx djedaba, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Caranx djedaba,

Relyea (1981) as Caranx djedaba, Al-Hassan &

Hussain (1985), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Caranx djedaba, Hussain et al. (1988) as Atule djedaba,


(2003), Nasir & Khalid (2013) and Jabado et al.

(2015a).



Hawaiian Islands, north to southern Japan, south to

northern Australia; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea

immigrant).



UMPT 13 (1).


Alepes kleinii (Bloch, 1793) - Razorbelly scad (Gish-

e-riz, Persian; Hamam, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Caranx kalla;

subsqeuently reported by Mahdi (1950) as Caranx kalla, Menon (1960) as Atule kalla, Khalaf (1961) as

Caranx kalla, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Selar kalla,

Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Caranx kalla,

Basson et al. (1981) as Atule kalla, Relyea (1981) as

Caranx kalla, Hussain et al. (1988) as Caranx para,

Abou-Seedo (1992) as Caranx kalla and Bishop

(2003).


Philippines and New Guinea, south to Kumberleys

(Western Australia) and Queensland (Australia).



SMNS 14420 (4).

Alepes melanoptera (Swainson, 1839) - Blackfin

scad (Gish-e-balleh-syah, Persian)


by Nichols (1948) as Caranx nigripinnis;

subsequently reported by Sivasubramaniam &

Ibrahim (1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Caranx malam, C. nigripinnis and Alepes melanoptera,


et al. (1997a, 1997b) and Bishop (2003).


Africa and Persian Gulf east to Hawaiian Islands,

north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia.


Persian Gulf material: AMNH 18134 (1).

Remarks: Selar malam Bleeker 1851 and Caranx nigripinnis Day 1876 are junior synonyms.

Alepes vari (Cuvier, 1833) - Herring scad


by Krupp & Müller (1994) as Alepes macrurus;


et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003) and Jawad & Ibrahim

47


(2017a, b, 2018c).


Africa and Persian Gulf east to Philippines and

Solomon Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to

Western Australia and Queensland (Australia).


Persian Gulf material: USNM 381253 (1). Remark: Alepes macrurus (Bleeker, 1851) is a junior

synonym.

Atropus atropos (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) -

Cleftbelly trevally (Gish-e-shekam shyary, Persian;

Hamam, Arabic, Kuwait)




Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Atropus atropus,

Relyea (1981) as Atropus atropus, Randall (1995a),



Gulf of Oman east to Philippines, north to southern

Japan and Ogasawara Islands.

IUCN: Not Evaluated.

Atule mate (Cuvier, 1833) - Yellowtail scad (Gish-e-

goosh-syah, Persian)


by Menon (1960); subsequently reported by Khalaf

(1961) as Caranx mate, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Selar mate, Relyea (1981) as Caranx mate,

Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Alepes mate, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Caranx mate,


et al. (1997a, b) and Bishop (2003).



Madagascar and Réunion (Mascarenes) east to

Hawaiian Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to


South Wales (Australia) and French Polynesia.



Carangoides armatus (Rüppell, 1830) - Longfin

trevally (Gish-e-deraz baleh, Persian)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Caranx armatus;


Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Caranx armata, Randall

(1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Jawad et al. (2013)

and Dehghani (2014).



and western Mascarenes east to Gulf of Thailand and

southern China, north to southern Japan.


Carangoides bajad (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in

Niebuhr, 1775) - Orangespotted trevally


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Caranx auroguttatus; subsequently reported by Mahdi &

Georg (1969) as Caranx auroguttatus,


Abe (1986) as Caranx auroguttatus and C. bajad,


et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Grandcourt et al.

(2004), Taher et al. (2012), Jawad & Ibrahim (2017a,

2018b), Torquato et al. (2017) and Jawad & Ibrahim

(2018c).



Philippines, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to

Solomon Islands.



Caranx auroguttatus Cuvier 1833 is a junior

synonym. Carangoides chrysophrys (Cuvier, 1833) - Longnose

trevally (Gish-e-balafshan, Persian; Hamam, Arabic,

Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Caranx chrysophrys; subsequently reported by Mahdi &

Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as

48


Caranx chrysophrys, Relyea (1981) as Caranx chrysophrys, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b),


(2003), Jawad & Ibrahim (2018c) and Ziyadi et al.

(2018).



western Mascarenes east to Philippines and Fiji,

north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Exmouth Gulf

(Western Australia) and New Caledonia.



(1), UMPT 07 (1).

Carangoides coeruleopinnatus (Rüppell, 1830) -

Coastal trevally (Gish-e-darakhshan, Persian)


by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Carangoides caeruleopinnatus; subsequently reported by Bishop

(2003) as Carangoides caeruleopinnatus.



Réunion (Mascarenes) east to Samoa and Tonga,


IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Remark: Previously named Carangoides caeruleopinnatus (Rüppell, 1830).

Carangoides ferdau (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in

Niebuhr 1775) - Blue trevally


by Smith & Saleh (1987); subsequently reported by

Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Torquato

et al. (2017).



and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands, Line

Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan,

south to Western Australia, New Caledonia, Norfolk

Island and Rapa.




Carangoides fulvoguttatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr

1775) - Yellowspotted trevally


by Basson et al. (1981) as Caranx fulvoguttatus;


Ibrahim (1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Caranx fulvoguttatus, Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop

(2003).



Mascarenes east to Palau and Vanuatu, north to

Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia, New

South Wales (Australia) and New Zealand.


Carangoides gymnostethus (Cuvier, 1833) - Bludger


by Relyea (1981) as Caranx gymnostethoides;


as Caranx gymnostethoides, Randall (1995a),

Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Edwin




and western Mascarenes east to Marshall Islands and

Tuamotu Archipelago, north to Ryukyu Islands,

south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia),



Remarks: Carangoides gymnostethoides Bleeker

1851 is a junior synonym.

Carangoides malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)

- Malabar trevally (Gish-e-khalsefid, Persian;

Hamam, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Caranx malabaricus; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950)

as Caranx malabaricus, Menon (1960) as Caranx malabaricus, Khalaf (1961) as Caranx malabaricus,

Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972,

1986) as Caranx malabaricus, Relyea (1981) as

Caranx malabaricus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim

49


(1982b), Abou-Seedo (1992), Randall (1995a),




Philippines and New Guinea, north to Japan and

Kuril Islands, south to Exmouth Gulf (Western

Australia) and New South Wales (Australia).




19 (1).

Carangoides praeustus (Anonymous [Bennett],

1830) - Brownback trevally



Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b) and

Bishop (2003).


Indonesia and Philippines.


Caranx heberi (Bennett, 1830) - Blacktip trevally

(Poroo domsyah, Persian)

Status in Persian Gulf: First record rom Persian Gulf

by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b) as

Caranx sem; subsequently reported by Kuronuma &

Abe (1986) as Caranx sem, Randall (1995a) and



South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Réunion

(Mascarenes) east to Fiji, north to Ryukyu Islands,


IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Remark: Caranx sem (Cuvier, 1833) is a junior

synonym.

Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) - Giant

trevally (Gish-e-bozorg, Persian)



reported by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a),

Randall et al. (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and

Torquato et al. (2017).




Islands, Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to


South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia, Tonga and

Rapa; eastern Pacific at Clipperton Atoll.


Caranx melampygus Cuvier, 1833 - Bluefin trevally


by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Caranx stellatus.



Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Panama (eastern

Pacific), north to Izu Islands, Ogasawara Islands and

Hawaiian Islands, south to Dampier Archipelago

(Western Australia), New South Wales (Australia),

Norfolk Island and Rapa.


Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 - Bigeye

trevally (Poroo-e-chashmdorosht, Persian)


by Mahdi (1950); subsequently reported by Khalaf

(1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Basson et al. (1981),


Abe (1986), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003)

and Torquato et al. (2017).




Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, south to Western


Caledonia, Norfolk Island and Austral Islands; also

eastern Pacific from Galápagos Archipelago and

Ecuador to Mexico.


Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier, 1833) - Mackerel

scad


50




temperate seas.


Decapterus macrosoma Bleeker 1851 - Shortfin scad




Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Hawaiian

Islands, northern Line Islands (Kiribati) and Gambier

Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Port

Hedland (Western Australia), New South Wales

(Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga; also eastern

Pacific from Galápagos Archipelago and Gulf of

California (Mexico) to Peru.


Decapterus russelli (Rüppell, 1830) - Indian scad



reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Decapterus russelli, Relyea (1981) as Decapterus russelli, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Decapterus kiliche, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Decapterus dayi, D. russellii and D. kiliche, Carpenter et al. (1997b)

and Bishop (2003).


Africa and Persian Gulf east to Philippines and Fiji,

north to southern Japan, south to Ningaloo Reef

(Western Australia) and New South Wales

(Australia) at 29°23’S and New Caledonia;



Persian Gulf material: UMPT 05 (3), UMPT 07 (3),

UMPT 10 (4), UMPT 16 (1).

Remarks: Decapterus dayi Wakiya 1924 is a junior

synonym.

Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) -

Rainbow runner


by Relyea (1981) as Elagatis bipinnulatus;


as Elagatis bipinnulatus and Carpenter et al. (1997b).


temperate seas.


Gnathanodon speciosus (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) -

Golden trevally (Gish-e-talaie, Persian)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Caranx speciosus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg

(1969), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981) as Caranx speciosus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a,

1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Caranx speciosus, Smith & Saleh (1987), Krupp & Müller

(1994), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003),

Grandcourt et al. (2004), Taher et al. (2012), Jawad

& Ibrahim (2017a) and Torquato et al. (2017).



Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Panama,

north to Ryukyu Islands and Kuril Islands, and

Hawaiian Islands, south to estern Australia, New

South Wales (Australia), Tonga and Austral Islands.



Megalaspis cordyla (Linnaeus, 1758) - Torpedo scad

(Katoo, Persian)



reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Relyea (1981),

Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Megalaspis cordyla and

Caranx plumbeus, Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop

(2003), Valinassab et al. (2006) and Moravec et al.

(2016).


Africa and Persian Gulf east to Marshall Islands and



Caledonia and Tonga.


Remarks: Citula plumbea Quoy & Gaimard 1825 is a

51


junior synonym. Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus, 1758) - Pilotfish


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944; subsequently



and Bishop (2003).


temperate seas.


Parastromateus niger (Bloch, 1795) - Black pomfret

(Halva-siah, Persian; Halway, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Stromateus niger; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as

Stromateus niger, Menon (1960) as Apolectus niger, Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma &

Abe (1972, 1986) as Formio niger, Randall (1995a),

Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Valinassab

et al. (2006) and Jawad & Ibrahim (2018c).



and western Mascarenes east to Philippines, north to


Queensland (Australia) and Fiji.



(4), UMPT 15 (1).

Scomberoides commersonnianus Lacepède, 1801-

Talang queenfish (Sarm-e-dahan-bozorg, Persian)



Scomberoides commersonianus; subsequently

reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as

Scomberoides commersonianus, Abou-Seedo


Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Taher et

al. (2012), Nasir & Khalid (2013), Dehghani (2014),

Torquato et al. (2017) and Ziyadi et al. (2018).


Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and western

Mascarenes east to Philippines, north to southern

Japan, south to Western Australia, Sydney (New

South Wales) and New Caledonia.

IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 05 (1), UMPT 07 (1).

Scomberoides lysan (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in

Niebuhr 1775) - Doublespotted queenfish (Liklah,

thelah, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Chorinemus lysan; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as

Chorinemus lysan, Menon (1960), Khalaf (1961) as

Chorinemus lysan, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Chorinemus lysan and C. sancti-petri, Kuronuma &

Abe (1972) as Chorinemus lysan, Relyea (1981) as

Chorinemus lysan and C. sancti-petri, Kuronuma &

Abe (1986), Hussain et al. (1988), Abou-Seedo




Madagascar and Réunion (western Mascarenes) east

to Hawaiian Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south

to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia),

Tonga and Rapa.



Scomberoides tol (Cuvier, 1832) - Needlescaled

queenfish




Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Bishop

(2003).



Marquesas Islands, north to southern Japan, south to

Exmouth Gulf (Western Australia), Queensland

(Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga.


52


Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch, 1793) - Bigeye

scad (Gish-e-chashmdorosht, Persian)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Caranx crumenophthalmus; subsequently reported by Mahdi

& Georg (1969) as Caranx crumenophthalmus,


Abe (1986), Hussain et al. (1988), Carpenter et al.

(1997b), Nasir (2000) and Bishop (2003).


temperate seas.


Persian Gulf material: CAS 79813 (10), UMPT 07

(66).

Selaroides leptolepis (Cuvier, 1833) - Yellowstripe

scad (Gish-e-zard-khat, Persian; Garfah, Arabic,

Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Caranx leptolepis; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg

(1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Caranx leptolepis, Relyea (1981) as Caranx leptolepis,

Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Smith & Saleh

(1987), Randall (1995a), Abou-Seedo (1992) as

Caranx leptolepis, Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop

(2003) and Jabado et al. (2015a).


Gulf of Oman east to Philippines, north to southern

Japan, south to eastern Australia.



UMPT 12 (1), UMPT 13 (1).

Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810) - Greater amberjack



subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986),

Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b),

Bishop (2003) and Torquato et al. (2017).


temperate seas except not in eastern Pacific.


Seriolina nigrofasciata (Rüppell, 1829) -

Blackbanded trevally (Sarm-e-tireh, Persian;

Dabsah, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Zonichthys nigrofasciata; subsequently reported by Kuronuma &

Abe (1972, 1986) as Seriola nigrofasciata, Relyea

(1981) as Zenichthys nigrofasciatus,



Bishop (2003).

Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic; Red Sea, Indo-

West Pacific: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf,

Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and western

Mascarenes east to Philippines, north to southern

Japan, south to Queensland (Australia).



Trachinotus baillonii (Lacepède, 1801) - Small

spotted dart





Carpenter et al. (1997b), Hussain & Jawad (2014)

and Ziyadi et al. (2018).



Madagascar and Mascarenes east to northern Line

and Gambier islands, north to southern Japan, south


Lord Howe Island, Tonga and Rapa.


Trachinotus blochii (Lacepède, 1801) - Snubnose

pompano


by Khalaf (1961); subsequently reported by Mahdi &

Georg (1969) as Trachinotus blochi, Relyea (1981),


Abe (1986) as Trachinotus blochi, Abou-Seedo


53


Bishop (2003), Taher et al. (2012) and Torquato et al.

(2017).



Mascarenes east to Marshall Islands, Samoa and




Trachinotus mookalee Cuvier, 1832- Indian

pompano (Parasto-mahi-e-hendi, Persian)

Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Prsian Gulf


Dehghani (2014).


Gulf of Oman east to East China Sea, north to

southern Japan.


Trachurus indicus Nekrasov, 1966 - Arabian scad


by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b; previously

reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Trachurus trachurus (non Linnaeus 1758) and T. indicus;


et al. (1997a, b) and Bishop (2003).


Somalia and Persian Gulf east to Pakistan, south to

Saya de Malha Bank.



(1), UMPT 07 (2), UMPT 16 (4), USNM 236809

(23), USNM 257105 (3).

Ulua mentalis (Cuvier, 1833) -Longrakered trevally

(Moghavva chaneh-deraz, Persian)







Philippines, north to Taiwan, south to northern

Australia.



Uraspis helvola (Forster, 1801) - Whitetongue jack

(Gis-e-dahan-sefid, Persian)




Distribution: Nearly circumglobal in tropical and

subtropical seas.

IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Family Cepolidae

Acanthocepola abbreviata (Valenciennes, 1835) -

Bandfish (Navar-mahi, Persian)





(1997b) as Acanthochephala abreviata and Bishop

(2003) as Acanthochephala abreviata.


Gulf of Oman east to Papua New Guinea, north to

Vietnam and Philippines south to northern Australia.


Family Chaetodontidae

Chaetodon auriga Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775 -

Threadfin butterflyfish


by Allen et al. (1998).



and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands, northern

Line Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern


(Australia), Lord Howe Island, Kermadec Islands

and Rapa.


Chaetodon collare Bloch, 1787 - Redtail butterflyfish


54


by Pratchett et al. (2013).

Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Aden, Gulf

of Oman, Persian Gulf and Maldives east to

Malaysia, Brunei and Philippines.


Chaetodon gardineri Norman, 1939 - Gardiner's

butterflyfish



Carpenter et al. (1997b), Edwin (2012) and Pratchett

et al. (2013).

Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden,

Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to Andaman Sea

(western Thailand) and western Indonesia.


Chaetodon melapterus Guichenot, 1863 - Arabian

butterflyfish


by Allen (1979); subsequently reported by Basson et

al. (1981), Relyea (1981) as Chaetodon malapterus,


Abe (1986), Smith & Saleh (1987), Krupp (1991) as

Chaetodon melanopterus, Krupp & Müller (1994),


Allen et al. (1998), Bishop (2003), Pratchett et al.

(2013) and Buchanan et al. (2015).




Chaetodon nigropunctatus Sauvage, 1880 - Black-

spotted butterflyfish


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Chaetodon obscurus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Chaetodon obscurus, Kuronuma & Abe

(1972, 1986) as Chaeodon obscurus and C. nigropunctatus, Allen (1979), Basson et al. (1981),

Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Chaetodon obscurus, Smith & Saleh (1987), Krupp & Müller

(1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a,

1997b), Allen et al. (1998), Bishop (2003), Pratchett

et al. (2013), Buchanan et al. (2015) and Torquato et

al. (2017).


Oman and Gulf of Oman to Persian Gulf.



428404 (1).

Chaetodon vagabundus Linnaeus, 1758 - Vagabond

butterflyfish

Status in Persian Gulf: Firat record from Persian Gulf


Chaetodon vagabunda; subsequently reported by

Kuronuma & Abe (1986) and Pratchett et al. (2013).




Marshall Islands, northern Line Islands and Tuamotu


Western Australia, Lord Howe Island, New



Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus, 1758) - Pennant

coralfish


by Regan (1905) as Heniochus macrolepidotus;



(1972, 1986), Allen & Kuiter (1978), Allen (1979),

Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981),


(1987), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al.

(1997a, 1997b), Allen et al. (1998), Bishop (2003),

Jawad et al. (2014d), Buchanan et al. (2015) and




Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Society Islands,

north to southern Japan, south to New South Wales

(Australia) and Lord Howe Island.


55


Persian Gulf material: BPBM uncat. (6), SMF 9803

(5), SMF 11974 (3), SMNS 14384 (1), USNM

147892 (3), USNM 147893 (5), USNM 267087 (1),

USNM 267117 (2), USNM 267130 (2).

Family Coryphaenidae

Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758 - Common

dolphinfish (Galit-e-maamooli, Persian)


by Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986); subsequently

reported by Basson et al. (1981), Randall (1995a),



temperate seas.

IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Remarks: Highly migratory species, Annex I of the



Family Drepanidae

Drepane longimana (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) -

Concertina fish (Aroosmahi-e-navari, Persian;

Mishit, Arabic, Kuwait)



by Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a),

Valinassab et al. (2006) and Dehghani (2014).







(9), UMPT 15 (1), UMPT 16 (1), UMPT 19 (4),

UMPT 20 (3).

Drepane punctata (Linnaeus, 1758) - Spotted

sicklefish (Aroosmahi-e-manghoot, Persian)


by Regan (1905); subsequently reported by Blegvad

& Løppenthin (1944), Mahdi (1950), Menon (1960),

Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Relyea

(1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a),


et al. (2006) and Dehghani (2014).

Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Madagascar,

Réunion (Mascarenes, now extinct) and Persian Gulf

east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to

southern Japan, south to northern Australia.


Family Echeneidae

Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758 - Live

sharksucker (Chasbak-mahi, Persian; Lazzag,

Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Echeneis neucrates; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Echeneis neucrates, Kuronuma & Abe

(1972, 1986), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981),

Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Krupp &


(1997a, 1997b), Bishop (2003) and Torquato et al.

(2017).


temperate seas.



(1), USNM 148098 (2), USNM 148099 (1), USNM

265641 (1), USNM 265642 (2), USNM 265643 (1).

Family Ephippidae

Ephippus orbis (Bloch, 1787) - Orbfish (Shing-mahi,

Persian; Mishit, Arabic, Kuwait)



reported by Menon (1960), Khalaf (1961), Mahdi &

Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986),

Relyea (1981), Abou-Seedo (1992), Randall (1995a),

Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and

Valinassab et al. (2006).


Gulf of Oman east to Philippines, north to Ryukyu

Islands.



56


Platax orbicularis (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) -

Orbicular batfish (Khoffash-mahi, Persian)




Krupp & Müller (1994) and Carpenter et al. (1997b).



and western Mascarenes east to Tuamotu


Western Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga;

introduced into Western Atlantic waters off Florida,

U.S.A.


Platax teira (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775)

- Longfin batfish


by Mahdi & Georg (1969); also reported by Mahdi &

Georg (1969) as Platax pinnatus (non Linnaeus

1758), Basson et al. (1981) as Platax pinnatus (non

Linnaeus 1758), Relyea (1981) as Platax pinnatus

(non Linnaeus 1758), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as

Platax pinnatus (non Linnaeus 1758); subsequently

reported by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b),


Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b), Bishop (2003),

Jawad & Bannai (2014), Torquato et al. (2017) and




Mascarenes east to Northern Marianas, Solomon

Islands and Loyalty Islands (New Caledonia), north

to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to

Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), Norfolk

Island, New Zealand (vagrant); Mediterranean Sea

(Red Sea immigrant).



(2).

Family Gerreidae

Gerres infasciatus Iwatsuki & Kimura 1998 -

Western whipfin silver-biddy (Chaghook-e-

reshtehdar, Persian; Badah, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Iwatsuki et al. (2015); previously reported by

Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Gerres punctatus

(non Cuvier 1830), Mahdi (1950) as Gerres punctatus

(non Cuvier 1830), Menon (1960), Khalaf (1961) as

Gerres punctatus (non Cuvier 1830), Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Pertica filamentosa (non Cuvier 1829),

Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Gerres filamentosus (non Cuvier 1829), Relyea (1981) as

Gerres filamentosus (non Cuvier 1829),


Gerres filamentosus (non Cuvier 1829), Abou-Seedo

(1992) as Gerres filamentosus (non Cuvier 1829),

Randall (1995a) as Gerres filamentosus (non Cuvier

1829), Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Gerres filamentosus (non Cuvier 1829), Bishop (2003) as

Gerres filamentosus (non Cuvier 1829), Dehghani

(2014) as Gerres filamentosus (non Cuvier 1829) and

Jabado et al. (2015a) as Gerres filamentosus (non

Cuvier 1829).


Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Gulf of Thailand.


Persian Gulf material: MUFS 32625 (1), MUFS

46053-46055 (3), UMPT 06 (36), UMPT 07 (73),


20 (13), USNM 196513 (1), USNM 267097 (1).

Gerres limbatus Cuvier, 1830 - Saddleback silver-

biddy


by Ali et al. (2014a) and Dehghani (2014) as Gerres lucidus.


western Indonesia and Gulf of Thailand.


Gerres longirostris (Lacepède, 1801) - Strongspine

silver-biddy (Chaghook-e-posht-talaei, Persian)


by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Gerres acinaces;

subsequently reported by Bishop (2003) as Gerres

57


acinaces, Grandcourt et al. (2006c), Ali (2013b),

Dehghani (2014) as Gerres poieti, Taher et al. (2012)

as Gerres acinances and Jabado et al. (2015a).



Aldabra, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Palau

and Marquesas Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands and

Japan, south to Queensland (Australia), New


IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Remark: Gerres acinaces (Bleeker, 1854) and Gerres poieti (Cuvier, 1829) are junior synonyms.

Gerres macracanthus Bleeker 1854 - Longspine

silverbiddy


by Iwatsuki et al. (2015).


East and South Africa and Persian Gulf east to

Philippines, north to Ryukyu Islands.


Gerres oyena (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr

1775) - Common silver-biddy


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Gerres öyena;


Gerres öyena, Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981),

Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b),


Krupp & Müller (1994) as Gerres argyreus and G. oyena, Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b), Zajonz et al.

(2002), Bishop (2003) and Taher et al. (2012).



Mascarenes east to Marshall Islands and Samoa,

north to Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan), south to





196517 (1), USNM 267091 (11). Remark: Authorship of species see Fricke (2008).

Gerres argyreus (Forster, 1801) is a junior synonym.

Pentaprion longimanus (Cantor, 1849) - Longfin

mojarra (Chaghook-e-shaffat, Persian)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); subsquently


Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a) and



Philippines and Papua New Guinea, north to southern



Persian Gulf material: UMPT 06 (60), UMPT 07

(76), UMPT 15 (1).

Family Gobiidae

Remarks: A Persian Gulf record of Rhinogobius

brunneus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845) by Al-

Hassan & Miller (1987) needs verification. Acentrogobius dayi Koumans, 1941 - Day's goby


in original description by Koumans (1941);

subsequently reported from Persian Gulf by Blegvad

& Løppenthin (1944), Khalaf (1961), Mahdi &

Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Istigobius dayi, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and

Bishop (2003).




Persian Gulf material: USNM 196494 (1), ZSI

F5604/2 (2 paralectotypes).

Acentrogobius cyanomos (Bleeker, 1849)


by Zajonz et al. (2002) as Aulopareia cyanomos;

subsequently reported by Bishop (2003).


western Indonesia.


58


Acentrogobius viridipunctatus (Valenciennes, 1837)

- Spotted green goby


by Nasir (2000).




Australia.


Amblyeleotris diagonalis Polunin & Lubbock, 1979

- Slantbar shrimpgoby



Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b) and

Bishop (2003).



Philippines, New Guinea and Solomon Islands, north

to southern Japan, south to Queensland (Australia)

and New Caledonia.


BPBM 30450 (1), BPBM 33268 (3), BPBM 34464

(1).

Amblyeleotris downingi Randall, 1994 - Downing's

shrimpgoby


in original description by Randall (1994b);


et al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003).

Distribution: Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf; eastern

Andaman Sea and western Sumatra.



BPBM 34463 (1 paratype), USNM 269989 (1

paratype).

Amblyeleotris periophthalma (Bleeker, 1853) -

Periophthalma prawn-goby


by Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall et al. (1994);

subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) and

Bishop (2003).



Mascarenes east to Samoa, north to southern Japan,



BMNH 1994.1.18.27 (1), BPBM 33269 (4), BPBM

33344 (6).

Amblyeleotris triguttata Randall, 1994 - Triplespot

shrimpgoby








Persian Gulf material: AMS I.34199-001 (1

paratype), BMNH 1993.7.21.1 (1 paratype), BPBM

33309 (4 paratypes), USNM 326163 (1 paratype).

Amblygobius albimaculatus (Rüppell, 1830) -

Butterfly goby


by Smith & Saleh (1987); subsequently reported by


et al. (1997a, 1997b), Bishop (2003) and Taher et al.

(2012).



Madagascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius, Rodrigues)

east to Philippines (possibly Gambier Islands), north

to southern Japan, south to Queensland (Australia).



196488 (3).

Amblygobius nocturnus (Herre, 1945) - Nocturn

goby


59




Bishop (2003) and Edwin (2012).


Gulf east to Tuamotu Archipelago and Marquesas

Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands and southern Japan,

south to Western Australia, New Caledonia, Lord

Howe Island and Tonga and Rapa.


BPBM 33372 (1).

Apocryptodon madurensis (Bleeker, 1849) - Madura

goby


by Wright (1988); subsequently reported by Abou-

Seedo et al. (1990), Zajonz et al. (2002) and Bishop

(2003).


Philipines, north to southern Japan, south to northern

Australia.


Asterropteryx semipunctata Rüppell, 1830 - Starry

goby


by Wright (1988) as Asterropteryx semipunctatus;

subsequently reported by Krupp & Müller (1994) as

Asterropteryx semipunctatus, Randall et al. (1994) as

Asterropteryx semipunctatus, Carpenter et al.

(1997a, 1997b) as Asterropteryx semipunctatus and

Bishop (2003) as Asterropteryx semipunctatus.



and Mascarenes east to Wake Atoll, Hawaiian

Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago, north to southern

Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western

Australia, Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia and

Rapa.


BPBM 30300 (2), BPBM 30439 (4), BPBM 30451

(1), BPBM 30478 (5), BPBM 33280 (1), BPBM

33310 (6).

Aulopareia ocellata (Day, 1873) - Ocellated

scalycheek goby


by Zare et al. (2012).

Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean and western

Pacific and Persian Gulf.


Persian Gulf material: NTM S.16768-001 (2).

Bathygobius cocosensis (Bleeker, 1854) - Cocos

frill-goby


by Sadegi. & Esmaeili (2019a).

Distribution: Indo-Pacific: East Africa to Johnston,

Marquesas and Tuamoto islands, north to southern

Japan, south to the southern Great Barrier Reef and

Rapa Islands; Marianas and Marshall Islands in

Micronesia. Misidentified as Bathygobius fuscus in

Hawaii (Randall et al. 1993). New Caledonia, Rapa,

and the Makran Sea (Sadeghi & Esmaeili 2019).

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE)

Persian Gulf material: ZM-CBSU F67-1-3

Bathygobius fuscus (Rüppell, 1830) - Dusky

frillgoby


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); previously

reported by Regan (1905) as Gobius albopunctatus

(non Valenciennes 1837); subsequently reported by

Mahdi & Georg (1969), Relyea (1981), Kuronuma &

Abe (1986), Hussain et al. (1988, 1994, 1999),




Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Wake Atoll,

Marquesas Islands and Gambier Islands, north to

South Korea and southern Japan, south to Western

Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia,

Norfolk Island and Tonga.


60


Bathygobius meggitti (Hora & Mukerji, 1936) -

Meggitt's goby

Status in Persian Gulf: It has already been recorded

from the Persian Gulf (see Ghanbarifardi & Malek

2007, 2009) Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and

Socotra east to Fiji, north to Japan, south to northern

Australia including Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE).

Boleophthalmus dussumieri Valenciennes, 1837

(Eshlambo and Gel Khorok, Persian)


by Holly (1929) as Boleophthalmus chamiri; subsequently reported by Koumans (1941) as

Boleophthalmus dussumieri and B. dentatus, Misra

(1947), Fowler & Steinitz (1956) as Boleophthalmus dentatus, Menon (1960) as Boleophthalmus dentatus,

Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Boleophthalmus dussumieri and B. dentatus, Relyea

(1981) as Boleophthalmus boddarti (non Pallas

1770), Tytler & Vaughan (1983) as Boleophthalmus boddarti (non Pallas 1770), Kuronuma & Abe (1986),

Wright (1988) as Boleophthalmus boddarti (non

Pallas 1770), Murdy (1989), Krupp (1991) as

Boleophthalmus boddarti (non Pallas 1770), Randall

(1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Hussain et al.

(1999) as Boleophthalmus boddarti (non Pallas

1770), Nasir (2000) as Boleophthalmus boddarti (non

Pallas 1770), Bishop (2003) and Polgar et al. (2017).


Gulf and Oman east to Pakistan.



196293 (1), ZSI uncat. (2).

Brachyamblyopus brachysoma (Bleeker, 1854)


by Koumans (1941); subsequently reported by

Koumans (1953) and Kuronuma & Abe (1986).


New Guinea, north to southern China.


Persian Gulf material: ZSI uncat. (1).

Bryaninops amplus Larson 1985 - Large whip goby


by Krupp et al. (2000); subsequently reported by

Buchanan et al. (2015).

Distribution. Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf,

Madagascar and Seychelles east to Hawaiian Islands,

north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south

to Queensland (Australia).

IUCN. Least concern (LC).

Persian Gulf material. SMF 28607 (2), SNMNH F57

(1), SNMNH F58 (5).

Bryaninops yongei (Davis & Cohen, 1969) - Whip

coral goby




Gulf, Amirantes, Seychelles, Madagascar and

Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Hawaiian Islands and


Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New

Caledonia, Tonga and Rapa.


Callogobius bifasciatus (Smith, 1958) - Doublebar

goby




Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: South Africa to

Persian Gulf.


30513 (2), BPBM 30452 (2), BPBM 30479 (1),

BPBM 33281 (1), BPBM 33311 (4), BPBM 33345

(1), BPBM 33402 (2), BPBM 33419 (5), BPBM

34428 (1).

Callogobius plumatus (Smith, 1959) - Feather goby



61




Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Guam

and Tonga.


33371 (1).

Callogobius sclateri (Steindachner, 1879) - Pacific

goby


by Krupp & Müller (1994).


South Africa, Persian Gulf, Amirantes, Comoros,

Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Marquesas

Islands and Gambier Islands, north to southern Japan

and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western Australia,

Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga.


Coryogalops adamsoni (Goren, 1985) - Adamson's

goby







30304 (2), BPBM 30314 (3), BPBM 33411 (60).

Coryogalops anomolus Smith, 1958 - Anomolous

goby


by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Salarias anomalus;

subsequently reported by Randall et al. (1994),



Africa to Persian Gulf.



30511 (7), BPBM 30512 (2), BPBM 33265 (1),

BPBM 33319 (7), BPBM 33351 (1), BPBM 33401

(11), BPBM 35414 (4). Coryogalops monospilus Randall, 1994 - Onespot

goby




et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Kovaçiç et al.

(2014, 2016).


Gulf endemic.


Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33235 (holotype).

Coryogalops tessellatus Randall, 1994




et al. (1997b), Kovaçiç et al. (2014) and Sadeghi et

al. (2019a).


Gulf to central Oman.



AMS I.34200-001 (1 paratype), BMNH 1993.7.21.2

(1 paratype), BPBM 30303 (1), BPBM 33253 (4

paratypes), BPBM 35411 (1 paratype), USNM

326164 (3 paratypes), ZM-CBSU F4-01-36.

Cryptocentroides arabicus (Gmelin, 1789) - Arabian

goby




(2012) as Cyptocentrus caeruleopunctatus (non

Rüppell 1830).


Gulf of Aden to Persian Gulf.


21200 (1), BPBM 21295 (4), BPBM 30309 (1),

BPBM 30315 (1), USNM 147964 (1), USNM

265649 (9).

62


Cryptocentrus cryptocentrus (Valenciennes, 1837) -

Ninebar prawn-goby

Status in Persian Gulf: New record from Persian Gulf

based on USNM 147965 (1) from Tarut Bay, Saudi

Arabia.


Africa and Persian Gulf, Mozambique Channel,

Seychelles and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to

Chagos Archipelago.



Cryptocentrus cyanotaenia (Bleeker, 1853)


by Sadeghi et al. (2019b).

Distribution: Western Pacific and eastern Indian

Ocean: Andaman Sea, Brunei, and Indonesia, east to

New Guinea, India ((Tamilnadu, Mandapam; see

Kumar et al. 2015) and Iran (Hormuz Island, Strait of

Hormuz).


Persian Gulf material: ZM-CBSU F671, ZM-CBSU

F672.

Cryptocentrus fasciatus (Playfair, 1867) - Y-bar

shrimp goby


Gulf by Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall et al.

(1994); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al.

(1997b).



Mascarenes east to New Britain, south to Queensland



Cryptocentrus lutheri Klausewitz, 1960- Luther's

prawn-goby


by Palmer (1963); subsequently reported by Relyea

(1981) as Cryptocentrus cryptocentrus (non

Valenciennes 1837), Smith & Saleh (1987), Krupp &


(1997a, b) and Bishop (2003).





SMF 6186 (1), USNM 147963 (6), USNM 265650

(3), USNM 440512 (2).

Eviota guttata Lachner &Karnella, 1978 - Spotted

dwarfgoby



subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b)

and Wright (1988).

Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific:

Seychelles, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to

western Indonesia.


30455 (3), BPBM 33283 (12), BPBM 33312 (4).

Eviota pardalota Lachner & Karnella, 1978 - Leopard

dwarfgoby




et al. (1997a, b) and Bishop (2003), Greenfield &

Winterbottom (2016).




BPBM 30301 (2), BPBM 30453 (1), BPBM 30480

(6), BPBM 33284 (1), BPBM 33313 (5), BPBM

33346 (4).

Eviota sebreei Jordan & Seale, 1906 - Striped

dwarfgoby


by Wright (1988); subsequently reported by Krupp &

Müller (1994), Randall et al. (1994), Randall

(1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) and Bishop

63


(2003).


Madagascar east to Marshall Islands, Tonga and



Caledonia.


BPBM 30454 (2), BPBM 33285 (8), BPBM 33347

(3).

Favonigobius melanobranchus (Fowler, 1934) -

Blackthroat goby


by Randall et al. (1994) as Papillogobius melanobranchus; subsequently reported by Randall

(1995a) as Papillogobius melanobranchus, Carpenter

et al. (1997b) as Papillogobius melanobranchus and

Edwin (2012).


South Africa and Persian Gulf east to Indonesia and

Papua New Guinea, south to northern Australia;

Mediterrranean Sea immigrant.

IUCN: Lower Risk: near threatened (LR/NT). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30306 (8), BPBM

30310 (1), BPBM 30323 (3), BPBM 33264 (1).

Favonigobius reichei (Bleeker, 1854) - Indo-Pacific

tropical sand goby


Gulf by Sadeghi et al. (2017).



and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Marshall Islands

and New Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to

northern Australia and New Caledonia.

IUCN: Lower Risk: near threatened (LR/NT).

Fusigobius inframaculatus (Randall, 1994) -

Innerspotted sandgoby


in original description by Randall (1994b) as

Coryphopterus inframaculatus; subsequently

reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as

Coryphopterus inframaculatus.


Persian Gulf east to Marquesas Islands, north to

southern Japan, south to Queensland (Australia).



AMS I.34201-001 (2 paratypes), BMNH

1993.7.21.3-4 (2 paratypes), BPBM 35460 (1

paratype); USNM 326155 (2 paratypes).

Remark: synonym of Coryphopterus inframaculatus

(Randall, 1994)

Gnatholepis anjerensis (Bleeker, 1851) - Eye-bar

goby


by Wright (1988) as Gnatholepis anjerensis;

subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997a, b),

Randall & Greenfield (2001, part), Bishop (2003),

Larson & Buckle (2012); previously reported by

Regan (1905) as Gobius ophthalmotaenia (non

Bleeker 1854).




Islands, Marquesas Islands and Tuamotu


Rowley Shoals (Western Australia), New Caledonia,

Lord Howe Island and Rapa.



Gnatholepis caudimaculata Larson & Buckle 2012 -

Tailspot goby


in original description by Larson & Buckle (2012);

previously reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as

Gnatholepis caurensis (non Bleeker 1853), Krupp &

Müller (1994) as Gnatholepis cauerensis (non

Bleeker 1853) and Randall & Greenfield (2001) as

Gnatholepis anjerensis (non Bleeker 1851, in part).


Persian Gulf.

64



Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33350 (2 paratypes),


paratype), BPBM 33374 (2 paratypes).

Gobiodon citrinus (Rüppell, 1838) - Poison goby



reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Krupp &

Müller (1994) as Gobiodon cf. citrinus, Carpenter et

al. (1997b) and Buchanan et al. (2015).


South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar, Aldabra,

Seychelles and Réunion (western Mascarenes) east to

Samoa and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to


Caledonia.


Gobiodon reticulatus Playfair, 1867 - Reticulate

goby





Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: Gulf of

Aden to Persian Gulf; Chagos Archipelago.


Gobiodon rivulatus (Rüppell, 1830) - Rippled

coralgoby





and Mascarenes east to Wake Atoll and Gambier

Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Australia

and New Caledonia.


Gobiopsis canalis Lachner & McKinney, 1978 -

Checkered goby


in original description by Lachner & McKinney

(1978); previously reported by Blegvad &

Løppenthin (1944) as Barbatogobius asanai (non

Koumans 1941), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Barbatogobius asanai (non Koumans 1941);

subsequently reported by White & Relyea (1984),




Gulf and Oman east to western India.


Persian Gulf material: ZMUC 01.9.1943.619

(holotype), SMF 18849 (1), SMF 18850-18851 (2),

SMF 18852 (1), SMF 18853 (1), SMF 18854 (1),

SMF 18859-18860 (2), SMF 18861 (1), SMF 18862

(1).

Hetereleotris vulgaris (Klunzinger, 1871) - Common

goby


by Carpenter et al. (1997); previously reported by

Regan (1905) as Eleotris diadematus (non Rüppell

1830).



Pakistan; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant).


Istigobius decoratus (Herre, 1927) - Decorated goby



Müller (1994), Randall et al. (1994), Carpenter et al.

(1997a, b) and Bishop (2003).



Mascarenes east to Rotuma and Tonga, north to

southern Japan, south to New Caledonia and

Australia, and Lord Howe Island.


BPBM 29309 (3), BPBM 30482 (1), BPBM 33317

(1).

65


Istigobius ornatus (Rüppell, 1830) - Ornate goby


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Acentrogobius ornatus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Acentrogobius ornatus, Kuronuma & Abe

(1986) as Acentrogobius ornatus, Smith & Saleh

(1987), Murdy & Hoese (1985) and Bishop (2003).


Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Society

and Marquesas Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands and

Ogasawara Islands, south to Queensland (Australia),




Myersina filifer (Valenciennes, 1837) - Filamentous

shrimpgoby (Boshalanbo, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Cryptocentrus filifer; subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986)

as Cryptocentrus filifer, Randall (1995a) as

Cryptocentrus filifer, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as

Cryptocentrus filifer and Bishop (2003) as

Cryptocentrus filifer. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to

Indonesia, north to Korea and Japan; possibly

Réunion (western Mascarenes).



Oligolepis acutipennis (Valenciennes 1837) -

Sharptail goby



reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) and Kuronuma &

Abe (1986).


Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Palau

and Vanuatu, north to southern Japan.


Oplopomus oplopomus (Valenciennes, 1837) -

Spinecheek goby


by Regan (1905) as Gobius hoplopomus;


as Oplopomus hoplopomus and Carpenter et al.

(1997b).



and Society islands, north to Ryukyu Islands and

Taiwan, south to Queensland (Australia) and New

Caledonia.


Oxyurichthys papuensis (Valenciennes, 1837) -

Frogface goby






Philippines and Society Islands (French Polynesia),

north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia;



Palutrus scapulopunctatus (deBeaufort, 1912) -

Scapular goby


Gulf by Sadeghi & Esmaeili (2019b).

Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Indonesia

east to Fiji and now in intertidal coasts of the Qeshm

Island (Persian Gulf).


Parachaeturichthys polynema (Bleeker, 1853) -

Taileyed goby




(2003) and Zare et al. (2012).


Africa, Persian Gulf and Seychelles east to New


Australia.

66



Periophthalmus waltoni Koumans, 1941 - Walton's

mudskipper (Gel Khorok, Gel-cheragh and Mahi-

sag, Persian; Boshalanbo, Arabic, Kuwait)


in original description by Koumans (1941);

previously reported by Holly (1929) as

Periophthalmus koelreuteri (non Pallas 1770);


(1944) as Periophthamus waltoni and P. koelreuteri (non Pallas 1770), Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Periophthalmus waltoni and P. koelreuteri (non Pallas 1770), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986),

Relyea (1981) as Periophthalmus koelreuteri (non

Pallas 1770), Tytler & Vaughan (1983) as

Periophthalmus koelreuteri (non Pallas 1770),

Hussain et al. (1988, 1999), Murdy (1989), Krupp

(1991) as Periophthalmus koelreuteri (non Pallas

1770), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b),

Zajonz et al. (2002) as P. waltoni and P. barbarus

(non Linnaeus 1766), Bishop (2003), Ghanbarifardi

et al. (2014) and Polgar et al. (2017).


Gulf to Pakistan.


BPBM 30527 (4), USNM 196295 (2), USNM

297330 (3), ZMUC uncat. (4).

Priolepis cincta (Regan, 1908) - Banded reef goby


by Winterbottom & Burridge (1993) as Priolepis cinctus; subsequently reported by Randall et al.

(1994) and Carpenter et al. (1997b).


Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and

Mascarenes east to Fiji and Tonga, north to southern

Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Western

Australia, Elizabeth and Middleton reefs, and New

Caledonia.



Priolepis randalli Winterbottom & Burridge, 1992 -

Randall's goby Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf

in original description by Winterbottom & Burridge




Gulf; Brunei.



BPBM 33352 (3 paratypes), ROM 63343 (5

paratypes). Pseudapocryptes elongatus (Cuvier 1816) -

(Boshalanbo, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Pseudapocryptes dentatus; subsequently reported by Sarker et al.

(1980) as Pseudapocryptes dentatus, Hussain et al.

(1988) as Pseudapocryptes dentatus, Kuronuma &

Abe (1986) as Pseudapocryptes dentatus, Hussain et

al. (1994) as Periophthamus dentatus and Carpenter

et al. (1997b) as Pseudapocryptes dentatus.


Society Islands, north to China.


Scartelaos tenuis (Day, 1876) - Indian Ocean slender

mudskipper (Boshalanbo, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf


Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944), Mahdi (1950) as

Boleophthalmus tenius, Khalaf (1961), Mahdi &


Relyea (1981) as Scartelaos viridis (non Hamilton

1822), Murdy (1989), Krupp (1991) as Scartelaos viridis (non Hamilton 1822), Randall (1995a),

Carpenter et al. (1997b), Zajonz et al. (2002) as

Scartelaos histophorus (non Valenciennes 1837),

Zajonz et al. (2002), Bishop (2003) and Polgar et al.

(2017).

67



Gulf to Pakistan.


SMNS 14427 (1), USNM 196244 (1), ZSI uncat. (1).

Taenioides kentalleni Murdy & Randall 2002 -Kent

Allen's goby


in original description by Murdy & Randall (2002).


Gulf endemic.


Persian Gulf material: USNM 365692 (holotype).

Tomiyamichthys latruncularius (Klausewitz, 1974) -

Fan shrimp-goby


by Randall et al. (1994) as Flabelligobius latruncularius; subsequently reported by Randall

(1995a) as Flabelligobius latruncularius and

Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Flabellogobius latruncularius.

Distribution: Red Sea, Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf

and Oman east to western Indonesia.


33348 (1).

Trimma winterbottomi Randall & Downing, 1994 -

Winterbottom's goby Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf

by Regan (1905) as Gobius townsendi; subsequently

reported by Randall et al. (1994), Randall (1995a),


Winterbottom & Villa (2003).


east to western Thailand.


BPBM 30460 (20), BPBM 30462 (1), BPBM 33271

(3), BPBM 33287 (4).

Trypauchen vagina (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) -

Burrowing goby



Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944), Khalaf (1961), Mahdi

& Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Hussain

et al. (1988), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al.

(1997b), Nasir (2000) and Murdy (2006).


Philippines, north to Taiwan.

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33186 (2), ZSI uncat.

(1).

Valenciennea persica Hoese & Larson, 1994 - Gulf

goby


in original description by Hoese & Larson (1994);


et al. (1997a, b), Zajonz et al. (2002) and Bishop

(2003).


Gulf to Masirah Island, central Oman.



AMS I.27129-001 (4 paratypes), AMS I.27132-001

(1 paratype), BMNH 1988.4.26.3-4 (2 paratypes),


paratypes), BPBM 29486 (1 paratype), BPBM 33258

(1), BPBM 33405 (3), USNM 293159 (2 paratypes).

Valenciennea sexguttata (Valenciennes, 1837) -

Sixspot goby



Hoese & Larson (1994), Krupp & Müller (1994),


Bishop (2003).



Mascarenes east to Samoa and Tonga, north to

Yaeyama and Ryukyu islands, south to Western

Australia and Queensland (Australia) and New

68


Caledonia.


BMNH 1985.7.29.1-2 (2), BPBM 30430 (1), BPBM

33320 (8).

Family Haemulidae

Diagramma pictum (Thunberg, 1792) - Painted

sweetlips (Khannoo khakestari, Persian; Motawah,

Arabic, Kuwait)



& Løppenthin (1944) as Plectorhynchus pictus,

Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Plectorhynchus pictus,



(2003), Grandcourt et al. (2006a), Jawad & Ibrahim

(2017b) and Ziyadi et al. (2018).


Mozambique Channel east to Philippines and Fiji,

north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south

to southern Indonesia and New Caledonia.



267138 (1).

Plectorhinchus cinctus (Temmink & Schlegel, 1843)

- Crescent sweetlips (Firsh, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Plectorhynchus cinctus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Gaterin cinctus, Kuronuma & Abe (1972)

as Plectorhynchus cinctus, Relyea (1981) as

Plectorhynchus cinctus, Sivasubramaniam &

Ibrahim (1982b) as Plectorhynchus cinctus and



Vietnam, north to southern Japan.


Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier, 1830) -

Lemonfish (Khannoo limooei, Persian)


by Taher et al. (2012).



Mauritius (Mascarenes), north to southern Japan, east

to Philippines and Vanuatu, south to Western

Australia and New South Wales (Australia).


Plectorhinchus gaterinus (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in

Niebuhr 1775) - Blackspotted rubberlip (Khannoo

zard-balleh, Persian)


by Basson et al. (1981) as Gaterin gaterinus, Relyea

(1981) as Plectorhynchus gaterinus; subsequently

reported by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a,

1982b) as Plectorhynchus gaterinus, Kuronuma &

Abe (1986), Wright (1988), Krupp (1991), Krupp &

Müller (1994) as Plectorhynchus gaterinus, Randall

(1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Randall &

Johnson (2000), Bishop (2003) and Torquato et al.

(2017).



Madagascar, Réunion and Mauritius (western

Mascarenes, now extinct in Réunion).



33259 (1), USNM 196485 (1), USNM 267136 (3),

USNM 404495 (2).


Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepède 1802) - Harry

hotlips


by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Pseudopristipoma nigra.



and western Mascarenes east to Caroline Islands

(Micronesia) and Society Islands, north to southern

Japan and Taiwan, south to Western Australia and

Norfolk Island.


69


Plectorhinchus pictus (Tortonese, 1936) - Trout

sweetlips (Khannoo Khal-siah, Persian)


by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Spilotichthys pictus;


Spilotichthys pictus and Plectorhynchus pictus,

Relyea (1981) as Plectorhynchus pictus,


Plectorhynchus pictus and P. fangi, Kuronuma &

Abe (1986), Smith & Saleh (1987), Lee & Al-Baz

(1989) as Plectorhynchus pictus, Krupp & Müller

(1994) as Plectorhynchus pictus, Randall (1995a),

Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) and Bishop (2003).

Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf,

Seychelles and Mauritius east to Society Islands,



Remarks: Plectorhinchus fangi Whitley 1951 is a

junior synonym.

Plectorhinchus playfairi (Pellegrin 1914) -

Whitebarred rubberlip


by Jawad & Ibrahim (2013).


Aden, southern Oman, Persian Gulf and East Africa

to Seychelles, Madagascar and Mauritius

(Mascarenes).


Plectorhinchus schotaf (Walbaum [ex Forsskål]

1792) - Minstrel sweetlips (Khannoo goosh-

ghermez, Persian; Yanam, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Plectorhynchus schotaf; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Gaterin schotaf, Kuronuma & Abe (1972)

as Plectorhynchus schotaf, Basson et al. (1981) as

Plectorhynchus schotaf, Relyea (1981) as

Plectorhynchus schotaf, Sivasubramaniam &

Ibrahim (1982a, b) as Plectorhynchus schotaf, Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Smith & Saleh (1987),

Abou-Seedo (1992) as Plectorhinctus schotaf, Krupp

& Müller (1994) as Plectorhynchus schotaf and

Taher et al. (2012).


Africa and Persian Gulf east to western India.



148085 (1).

Remarks: Authorship and year of species see Fricke

(2008).

Plectorhinchus sordidus (Klunzinger, 1870) - Sordid

rubberlip



Plectorhynchus sordidus; subsequently reported by

Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Smith & Saleh (1987),

Wright (1988), Krupp & Müller (1994) as

Plectorhynchus sordidus, Randall (1995a), Carpenter

et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Taher et al. (2012),

Jawad et al. (2014a) and Ziyadi et al. (2018).

Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: Persian

Gulf, East and South Africa to Seychelles,

Madagascar, Réunion and Mauritius (Mascarenes).



147887 (2). Pomadasys aheneus McKay & Randall 1995 -

Yellowback grunt


by Ali & Iwatsuki (2018).




Persian Gulf material: INHM 17.657.Z4 –17.662.Z4

(6), MUFS 48355-48356 (2).

Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) -

Silver grunt (Nakroor, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Pomadasys argentea; also reported by Misra (1947) as

Pomadasys argyreus (non Valenciennes 1833),

70


Bolster (1948) as Pomadsis argirous (non

Valenciennes 1833), Mahdi (1950) as Pomadasys argyreus (non Valenciennes 1833), Khalaf (1961) as

Pomadasys argyreus (non Valenciennes 1833),

Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Pomadasys argyreus (non

Valenciennes 1833), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea

(1981) as Pomadasys argyreus (non Valenciennes

1833), Nasir (2000) as Pomadasys argyreus (non

Valenciennes 1833); subsequently reported by

Khalaf (1961) as Pomadasys hasta, Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Pomadasys argentea and P. hasta,

Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Pomadasys argenteus and P. hasta, Hussain et al. (1988, 1994),

Wright (1988), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al.

(1997b) and Nasir & Khalid (2013).



Philippines and Vanuatu, north to southern Japan,

south to Western Australia and New South Wales

(Australia).


Pomadasys commersonnii (Lacepède, 1801) -

Smallspotted grunter


by Relyea (1981) as Pomadasys opercularis;



Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Seychelles east

to western India.


Remarks: Pristipoma operculare Playfair 1867 is a

junior synonym.

Pomadasys kaakan (Cuvier, 1830) - Javelin grunter

(Sangsar-e-maamooli, Persian)







Philippines, north to Japan, south to Exmouth Gulf

(Western Australia) and Queensland (Australia).


Pomadasys maculatus (Bloch, 1793) - Saddle grunt

(Sangsar-e-chahar-lakkeh, Persian)





Abou-Seedo (1992) as Pomadasys maculatum,

Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Pomadasys maculatum,

Bishop (2003) as Pomadasys maculatum and

Dehghani (2014) as Pomadasys maculatum.




Japan, south to Shark Bay (Western Australia).


Persian Gulf material: BMNH 2014.5.27.7 (1).

Pomadasys multimaculatus Playfair 1867 - Cock

grunter


by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, b).

Distribution: Indian Ocean: East Africa and

Madagascar east to India and northern Western

Australia.


Pomadasys olivaceus (Day, 1875) - Olive grunt


by Jawad et al. (2014a); subsequently reported by


Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic: Namibia; Indian

Ocean: East Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar

east to Andaman Sea.


Pomadasys punctulatus (Rüppell, 1838) - Lined

grunt


by Jawad et al. (2014a).


71




Pomadasys stridens (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) -

Striped piggy (Sangsar-e-mokhattat, Persian)


by Regan (1905) as Pristipoma stridens;


(1944), Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969),

Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981) as Rhoniscus stridens, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as

Rhonciscus stridens, Kuronuma & Abe (1986),

Abou-Seedo (1992), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et

al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Taher et al. (2012), Nasir

& Khalid (2013) and Hoveizavi et al. (2016).


and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east

to western India; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea

immigrant).




18 (4), UMPT 19 (2), UMPT 20 (7), USNM 147865

(1), USNM 147879 (22), USNM 267082 (5), USNM

267085 (1), USNM 267113 (8).

Family Istiophoridae

Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw, 1792) - Indo-Pacific

sailfish (Badban-mahi, Persian)


by Nader & Jawdat (1977) as Istiophorus gladius;


Istiophorus gladius, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim

(1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall (1995a)



temperate seas.



Remarks: Scomber gladius Bloch 1793 is a junior

synonym.

Istiompax indica (Cuvier, 1832) - Black marlin

(Neyzeh-mahi-e-syah, Persian)

Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Guly

by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Makaira indica.

Distribution: Tropical and temperate Indo-Pacific,

straying into eastern Atlantic.


Kajikia audax (Philippi, 1887) - Striped marlin


by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Tetrapturus audax.

Distribution: Tropical and temperate Indo-Pacific,

straying into southeastern Atlantic.


Family Kyphosidae

Kyphosus cinerascens (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) -

Blue sea chub



Distribution: South Atlantic; Red Sea, Indo-West

Pacific: East Africa, Persian Gulf, Aldabra,

Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to

Hawaiian Islands, Line Islands and Easter Island,

north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia,

Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia and Austral

Islands.


Family Labridae Bodianus macrognathos (Morris 1974) - Giant

hogfish


by Jawad & Al-Badri (2015); subsequently reported

by Jawad & Ibrahim (2017b).


Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to Pakistan.


Cheilinus lunulatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) -

Broomtail wrasse (Zomorrod-mahi-e-domjaroobi,

Persian)



72


Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Parenti &

Randall (2000) and Jawad & Hussain (2014).


Gulf of Oman to Persian Gulf.


Choerodon gymnogenys (Playfair & Günther, 1867)

- Zanzibar tuskfish


by Gomon (2017).

Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: East Africa and

Persian Gulf east to Seychelles and Saya de Malha

Bank.


Persian Gulf material: MCZ 14344 (2).

Choerodon robustus (Günther, 1862) - Robust

tuskfish



reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Xiphocheilus robustus, Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as

Xiphocheilus robustus, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et

al. (1997b) and Gomon (2017).



and western Mascarenes; Indonesia; Taiwan to

southern Japan.

IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 21188 (1), USNM

267080 (1). Coris nigrotaenia Mee & Hare 1995 - Blackbar coris




Gulf to Oman.


Halichoeres leptotaenia Randall & Earle, 1994 -

Yellowstriped wrasse


in original description by Randall & Earle (1994);

previously reported by Regan (1905) as Platyglossus hyrtelii (non Bleeker 1856), Kuronuma & Abe

(1972) as Pseudojulis trifasciatus (non Weber 1913),

Relyea (1981) as Halichoeres hyrtli (non Bleeker

1856) and Pseudojulis trifasciatus (non Weber 1913),

Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Halichoeres hyrtlii (non

Bleeker 1856); subsequently reported by Randall

(1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Parenti & Randall

(2000) and Bishop (2003).


Gulf endemic.



BMNH 1994.4.11.1-2 (2 paratypes), BPBM 33321 (2


(2 paratypes), BPBM 34487 (1 paratype), BPBM

36312 (6 paratypes), CAS 81378 (3 paratypes),

MTUF-P 20527 (1 paratype), SMF 27032 (3

paratypes), USNM 329426 (2 paratypes).

Halichoeres marginatus Rüppell, 1835 - Dusky

wrasse



subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997a, b),

Bishop (2003) and Buchanan et al. (2015).

Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of

Oman and Persian Gulf east to French Polynesia and

Pitcairn Island, north to southern Japan, south to



BPBM 30427 (3), BPBM 33288 (1), BPBM 33322

(2), BPBM 33381 (1).

Halichoeres nigrescens (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) -

Bubblefin wrasse


by Regan (1905) as Platyglossus roseus and

P. dussumieri; subsequently reported by Kuronuma

& Abe (1986), Randall (1995a) as Halichoeres dussumieri and Carpenter et al. (1997b) as

Halichoeres dussumieri.

73




Madagascar and Persian Gulf to Philippines, north to

Taiwan, south to northern Australia.

IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Remark: Halichoeres dussumieri (Valenciennes,

1839) and Platyglossus roseus Day 1888 are junior

synonyms.

Halichoeres stigmaticus Randall & Smith, 1982 - U-

spot wrasse


in original description by Randall & Smith (1982);

subsequently reported by Smith & Saleh (1987),


et al. (1997a, b), Parenti & Randall (2000) and

Bishop (2003).





ANSP 144093 (1 paratype), BMNH 1980.5.20.4 (1

paratype), BMNH 2014.5.27.25 (1), BPBM 20976 (2

paratypes), BPBM 20977 (3 paratypes), BPBM

21250 (4 paratypes), BPBM 21314 (1 paratype),

BPBM 22957 (3 paratypes), CAS 46031 (1

paratype), MNHN 1980-1305 (1 paratype), SAIAB

444 (1 paratype), USNM 147906 (42), USNM

147907 (40), USNM 147908 (1), USNM 147909

(28), USNM 221541 (1 paratype).

Halichoeres zeylonicus (Bennett, 1833) - Goldstripe

wrasse


by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Halichoeres bimaculatus; subsequently reported by Wright (1988)

and Edwin (2012).


Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to western

Indonesia.



Remarks: Halichoeres bimaculatus Rüppell 1835 is a

junior synonym.

Iniistius bimaculatus (Rüppell, 1829) - Two-spot

razorfish


by Randall (1995a) as Xyrichtys bimaculatus;


Xyricthys bimaculatus, Parenti & Randall (2000) as

Xyrichtys bimaculatus and Bishop (2003) as

Xyrichtys bimaculatus.


Gulf east to Papua New Guinea, Sulawesi and

Indonesia.


Larabicus quadrilineatus (Rüppell, 1835) - Fourline

wrasse




Gulf of Aden, Persian Gulf.


Labroides dimidiatus (Valenciennes, 1839) -

Bluestreak cleaner wrasse



reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Wright (1988),

Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b),




Mascarenes east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn Group,


Lord Howe Island and Rapa.


Leptojulis cyanopleura (Bleeker, 1853) - Shoulder-

spot wrasse



subsequently reported by Randall (1995a), Randall

(1996), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Parenti & Randall

74


(2000) and Bishop (2003).


Philippines and Solomon Islands, south to northern

Australia.


BPBM 30421 (1), BPBM 30464 (8), BPBM 33272

(2), BPBM 33323 (4), BPBM 34484 (7).

Paracheilinus mccoskeri Randall & Harmelin-

Vivien, 1977 - McCosker's flasher




et al. (1997a, b), Parenti & Randall (2000), Bishop

(2003) and Allen & Erdmann (2016).

Distribution: Indian Ocean: East Africa, Oman,

Persian Gulf and Comoros east to western Indonesia.


BPBM 30441 (5), BPBM 30465 (7), BPBM 33355

(8), BPBM 34485 (5).

Pteragogus flagellifer (Valenciennes, 1839) -

Cocktail wrasse




(2012).



Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to New Guinea and

Vanuatu, north to southern Japan, south to northern


Caledonia.


Stethojulis interrupta (Bleeker, 1851) - Cutribbon

wrasse (Meelaz, Aabic, Kuwait)



by Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Wright (1988),

Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Randall (2000) and

Bishop (2003).



Philippines and Solomon Islands, north to southern

Japan, south to Australia.



33324 (3), UMPT 09 (1), USNM 147905 (1).

Suezichthys caudavittatus (Steindachner, 1898) -

Spottail wrasse


by Russell (1985) as Suezichthys caudovittatus;

subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) as

Suezichthys caudovittatus, Carpenter et al. (1997b)

as Suezichthys caudovittatus and Parenti & Randall

(2000).


Somalia, Persian Gulf.


Suezichthys gracilis (Steindachner & Doderlein,

1887) - Slender wrasse



Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Parenti & Randall (2000)

and Bishop (2003).

Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf;

Vietnam to southern Japan; southeastern Australia to

New Caledonia.


Thalassoma lunare (Linnaeus, 1758) - Moon wrasse



Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981), Kuronuma &


(1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Parenti &

Randall (2000), Bishop (2003) and Torquato et al.

(2017).


75


Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Line

Islands, Tuamotu Archipelago and Gambier Islands,


New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia, Lord

Howe, Norfolk and Kermadec Islands, northern New

Zealand and Tonga.

IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Family Lactariidae

Lactarius lactarius (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) - False

trevally (Gish-e-dorooghin, Persian)





(1997b), Bishop (2003) and Valinassab et al. (2006).


Africa, Oman, Persian Gulf and Mauritius

(Mascarenes) east to Fiji, north to southern Japan,

south to Queensland (Australia).


Family Latidae

Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) - Barramundi

Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: India east to

Indonesia, south to northern Australia; introduced

elsewhere.


Family Leiognathidae

Aurigequula fasciata (Lacepede, 1803) - Striped

ponyfish (Siny, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Leiognathus fasciatus; subsequently reported by Nader & Jawdat

(1977) as Leiognathus fasciatus, Relyea (1981) as

Leiognathus fasciatus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim

(1982b) as Leiognathus fasciatus, Kuronuma & Abe

(1986) as Leiognathus fasciatus and Valinassab et al.

(2006) as Leiognathus fasciatus.



Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Palau, Tonga

and Samoa, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to

Exmouth Gulf (Western Australia), Queensland




Deveximentum insidiator (Bloch 1787) - Pugnose

ponyfish (Panjzari-e-kajpoozeh, Persian)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Leiognathus insidiator; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Secutor insidiator, Nader & Jawdat (1977)

as Secutor insidiator, Relyea (1981) as Leiognathus insidiator, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Secutor insidiator, Randall (1995a) as Secutor insidiator, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Secutor insidiator and

Bishop (2003) as Secutor insidiator. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East

Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to eastern

Indonesia and Solomon Islands, south to Exmouth

Gulf (Western Australia) and Queensland (Australia)

and New Caledonia.



Equulites elongatus (Günther, 1874) - Slender

ponyfish


by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Leiognathus elongatus; subsequently reported by Jawad &

Hussain (2014).


Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles and Madagascar east

to Philippines and New Guinea (and possibly Fiji),



Equulites oblongus (Valenciennes, 1835) - Oblong

ponyfish


by Randall (1995a) as Leiognathus oblongus;


Leiognathus oblongus and Bishop (2003) as

76


Leiognathus oblongus.


Oman east to Philippines and eastern Indonesia.


Equulites lineolatus (Valenciennes, 1835) - Ornate

ponyfish (Panjzari-e-mozayyan, Persian)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Leiognathus lineolatus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Leiognathus lineolatus, Relyea (1981) as

Leiognathus lineolatus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as

Leiognathus lineolatus, Krupp & Müller (1994) as

Leiognathus lineolatus and Dehghani (2014) as

Leiognathus lineolatus.



Philippines and New Caledonia, north to southern





13 (15), UMPT 14 (23), UMPT 16 (21), UMPT 18

(2), UMPT 19 (6).

Eubleekeria splendens (Cuvier 1829) - Splendid

ponyfish


by Nader & Jawdat (1977) as Leiognathus splendens;


Leiognathus splendens.



east to Philippines and Fiji, north to Ryukyu Islands

and Taiwan, south to Kimberleys (Western


Caledonia.



Gazza minuta (Bloch 1795) - Toothpony


by Kuronuma & Abe (1986).



Philippines and Society Islands, north to Ryukyu

Islands, south to northwestern Australia, Queensland




Karalla daura (Cuvier, 1829) - Goldstripe ponyfish


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Leiognathus daurus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Leiognathus daura, Relyea (1981) as

Leiognathus daurus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as

Leiognathus daura and Dehghani (2014) as

Leiognathus dussumieri (non Valenciennes 1835).


of Oman and Persian Gulf east to Philippines and

eastern Indonesia.


Persian Gulf Material: USNM 196500 (1), USNM

196501 (3).

Leiognathus equulus (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) -

Common ponyfish (Panjzari-e-bozorg, Persian)



reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Nader & Jawdat

(1977) as Leiognathus equula, Relyea (1981),





Madagascar and Mascarenes east to eastern Caroline

Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western

Australia, Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia

and Fiji.


Persian Gulf material: BRC 158 (1), SMNS 14428

(1), UMPT 06 (70), UMPT 07 (412).

Nuchequula gerreoides (Bleeker, 1851) - Decorated

ponyfish

77



by Abou-Seedo (1992) as Leiognathus decorus;

subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) as

Leiognathus decorus, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as

Leiognathus decorus, Zajonz et al. (2002) as

Leiognathus decorus, Bishop (2003) as Leiognathus decorus, Kimura et al. (2008) and Dehghani (2014)

as Leiognathus blochii (non Valenciennes 1835).


Oman east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to

Taiwan, south to northern Australia.


Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1988.2.29.68-73 (6).

Remark: Leiognathus decorus (De Vis, 1884) is a

junior synonym.

Photopectoralis bindus (Valenciennes, 1835) -

Orangefin ponyfish (Panjzari-e-balehnaranji,

Persian; Siny, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Leiognathus bindus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Leiognathus bindus, Kuronuma & Abe

(1972, 1986) as Leiognathus bindus, Relyea (1981)

as Leiognathus bindus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim

(1982b) as Leiognathus bindus, Hussain et al. (1988,

1994) as Leiognathus bindus, Wright (1988) as

Leiognathus brevirostris, Krupp & Müller (1994) as

Leiognathus bindus, Randall (1995a) as Leiognathus bindus, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Leiognathus bindus, Nasir (2000) as Leiognathus bindus, Bishop

(2003) as Leiognathus bindus, Dehghani (2014) as

Leiognathus bindus and Hoveizavi et al. (2016).

Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of

Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to

Philippines and Fiji, north to Taiwan, south to




(6), USNM 267092 (3), USNM 267111 (2).

Family Lethrinidae

Remarks: Persian Gulf records of Lethrinella miniata

(non Forster 1801) or Lethrinus miniatus (non Forster

1801) by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944), Mahdi &

Georg (1969), Basson et al. (1981) and

Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b) cannot

be identified. A Persian Gulf record of Lethrinus striatus Steindachner 1866 (a junior synonym of

Lethrinus erythropterus Valenciennes 1830) by

Regan (1905) as Lethrinus striatus needs verification.

Gymnocranius grandoculis (Valenciennes 1830) -

Blue-lined large-eye bream


by Al-Marzouqi et al. (2018) as Gymnocranius cf.

grandoculis.


Africa, Seychelles, Comores, Madagascar and

Mascarenes east to Marshall Islands, Line Islands

and Marquesas Islands, north to southern Japan,



IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Lethrinus borbonicus Valenciennes, 1830 - Snubnose

emperor


by Carpenter & Allen (1989); subsequently reported

by Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a),

Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Torquato

et al. (2017) and Ziyadi et al. (2018).

Distribution: Red Sea, western Indian Ocean: Persian

Gulf, Gulf of Oman, Gulf of Aden and East Africa to

Seychelles, Madagascar, Réunion, Mauritius and

Rodrigues (Mascarenes).



147881 (17), USNM 147882 (3), USNM 267096 (1),

USNM 349354 (1), USNM 349355 (1).

Lethrinus erythracanthus Valenciennes, 1830 -

Orange-spotted emperor (Sheiry, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Lethrinus kallopterus;

subsequently reported by Relyea (1981) as Lethrinus

78


kallopterus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a,

1982b) as Lethrinus kallopterus and Kuronuma &

Abe (1986) as Lethrinus kallopterus.


Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mauritius

(Mascarenes) east to Marshall Islands and Tuamotu

Archipelago, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to




Remarks: Lethrinus kallopterus Bleeker 1856 is a

junior synonym.

Lethrinus lentjan (Lacepède, 1802) - Pink ear

emperor and Australian emperor (Shehri-e-goosh-

ghermez, Persian; Sheiry, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf

by Basson et al. (1981); previously reported by

Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Lethrinus fletus (non

Whitley 1943), Relyea (1981) as Lethrinus fletus

(non Whitley 1943); subsequently reported by

Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, b), Kuronuma

& Abe (1986) as Lethrinus fletus (non Whitley 1943)

and L. lentjan, Smith & Saleh (1987), Carpenter &

Allen (1989), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall

(1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003),

Taher et al. (2012) and Ziyadi et al. (2018).



Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Marshall Islands and

Tonga, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Western

Australia, Queensland (Australia), Lord Howe Island

and New Caledonia.



(1), USNM 147884 (9), USNM 267123 (5).

Lethrinus mahsena (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in

Niebuhr 1775) - Sky emperor


by Taher et al. (2012).


Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar, Aldabra,

Seychelles and Mascarenes east to Sri Lanka.



Lethrinus microdon Valenciennes, 1830 - Smalltooth

emperor (Shehri-e-derazsoorat-e-ghahvehei,

Persian)


by Smith & Saleh (1987) as Lethrinus elongatus;

subsequently reported by Carpenter & Allen (1989),


et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Dehghani (2014).



Mascarenes east to Palau and New Guinea, north to

southern Japan, south to Western Australia.



349292 (1).

Remarks: Lethrinus elongatus Valenciennes 1830 is

a junior synonym.

Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) -

Spangled emperor (Sheiry, Arabic, Kuwait)





(1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, b),

Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Lethrinus genivittatus

(non Valenciennes 1830), Smith & Saleh (1987),

Carpenter & Allen (1989), Lee & Al-Baz (1989),

Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997a,

1997b), Bishop (2003), Grandcourt et al. (2006a),

Taher et al. (2012), Nasir & Khalid (2013) as

Lethpinus nebulosus, Dehghani (2014), Jabado et al.

(2015a), Jawad & Ibrahim (2017b, 2018a) and Ziyadi

et al. (2018).



and Mascarenes east to Samoa and Tonga, north to


Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia) and

79


Lord Howe Island and New Caledonia.



UMPT 08 (2), UMPT 09 (5), UMPT 12 (2, 54),

USNM 147883 (4), USNM 148086 (1), USNM

226506 (1), USNM 349370 (1).

Lethrinus olivaceus Valenciennes, 1830 - Longface

emperor

Status in Persian Gulf: New record of this taxon from

Persian Gulf; previously recorded by Relyea (1981)

as Lethrinus miniatus (non Forster 1801) and

Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Lethrinus miniatus (non

Forster 1801).



and northern Line Islands and Henderson Island

(Pitcairn Group), north to Ryukyu Islands (southern

Japan), south to Western Australia, Queensland




Monotaxis grandoculis (Forsskål in Niebuhr1775) -

Humpnose bigeye bream

Status in Persian Gulf: New record from the Persian

Gulf, based on SMNS 14404 (1) from Iraq. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East

Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east

to Hawaiian Islands, Line Islands and Pitcairn Group,

north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia

and Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia, Tonga,

Austral Islands and Gambier Islands.



Family Lobotidae

Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch, 1790) - Tripletail




and Bishop (2003).


temperate seas, except for eastern Pacific.


Family Lutjanidae

Aprion virescens Valenciennes, 1830 - Green jobfish


by Relyea (1981); subsequently reported by Allen

(1985) and Kuronuma & Abe (1986).


Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Seychelles, Comoros,


Islands and Marquesas Islands, north to southern


(Australia), New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island, and

Tonga.


Etelis carbunculus Cuvier, 1828 - Deep-water red

snapper


by Allen (1985).


Gulf, Comores, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar


Islands and Austral Islands, north to southern Japan,

south to off Kimberleys (Western Australia), New

Caledonia, northern New Zealand, and Tonga.


Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr

1775) - Mangrove red snapper (Sorkhoo harra,

Persian)



Relyea (1981), Allen (1985), Allen & Talbot (1985),

Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Allen & Steene (1987),


Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Sadighzadeh

et al. (2012) and Taher et al. (2012).




Mascarenes east to Kiribati (Line Islands) and

80


Society Islands, north to southern Japan, south to


and Tonga; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant).



147896 (1).

Lutjanus ehrenbergii (Peters, 1869) - Blackspot

snapper


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Lutjanus ehrenbergi; subsequently reported by Mahdi &

Georg (1969) as Lutjanus ehrenbergi, Relyea (1981)

as Lutjanus ehrenbergi, Smith & Saleh (1987) as

Lutjanus ehrenbergi, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et

al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) as Lutjanus ehrenbergi, Sadighzadeh et al. (2012) and Taher et al. (2012) as

Lutjanus ehrenbergi. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East

Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Caroline

Islands and Fiji, north to Ryukyu Islands and Taiwan,

south to Northern Territory (Australia).


Lutjanus erythropterus Bloch, 1790 - Crimson

snapper (Sorkhoo-e-khooni, Persian)


by Regan (1905) as Mesoprion annularis and

M. erythropterus; subsequently reported by

Sadighzadeh et al. (2012) and Dehghani (2014).


Gulf of Oman east to Philippines and Samoa, north

to Ryukyu Islands and southern Japan, south to

Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), Solomon

Islands, and New Caledonia.


Lutjanus fulviflamma (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) -

Dory snapper (Sorkhoo zard-e-khal-syah, Persian;

Naisarah, Arabic, Kuwait)





(1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, b),

Allen (1985), Allen & Talbot (1985), Smith & Saleh

(1987) as Lutjanus fulviflammus, Krupp & Müller


Bishop (2003), Grandcourt et al. (2006b),

Sadighzadeh et al. (2012), Torquato et al. (2017) and





east to Philippines, Samoa and Tonga, north to

Taiwan and Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan), south


Lord Howe Island and New Caledonia.



(1), USNM 147876 (1), USNM 147877 (16), USNM

148115 (2).

Lutjanus fulvus (Forster 1801) - Blacktail snapper


by Mahdi (1950); subsequently reported by Menon

(1960), Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969) and



Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Aldabra, Comoros,


Islands, Line Islands (Kiribati) and Marquesas

Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Queensland

(Australia), Norfolk Island and Rapa, introduced to

Hawaiian Islands.


Lutjanus gibbus (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) -

Humpback red snapper (Hamrah, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Lutjanus coccineus; subsquently reported by Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Lutjanus coccineus, Kuronuma & Abe

(1972, 1986) as Lutjanus coccineus and L. gibbus,

Relyea (1981) as Lutjanus coccineus and Lee & Al-

Baz (1989) as Lutjanus coccineus.

81





Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Line

Islands (Kiribati), north to southern Japan, south to



IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Remark: Lutjanus coccineus (Cuvier, 1828) is a

junior synonym.

Lutjanus indicus Allen, White & Erdmann 2013 -

Indian snapper (Sorkhoo hasht-khat, Persian)


in original description by Allen et al. (2013);


as Lutjanus russelli (non Bleeker 1849);


Lutjanus russelli (non Bleeker 1849), Relyea (1981)

as Lutjanus russelli (non Bleeker 1849),


Lutjanus russelli (non Bleeker 1849), Allen (1985) as

Lutjanus russellii (non Bleeker 1849), Allen &

Talbot (1985) as Lutjanus russellii (non Bleeker

1849), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Lutjanus russelli (non Bleeker 1849), Krupp & Müller (1994) as

Lutjanus russelli (non Bleeker 1849), Randall

(1995a) as Lutjanus russelli (non Bleeker 1849),

Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b) as Lutjanus russelli (non Bleeker 1849), Bishop (2003) as Lutjanus russelli (non Bleeker 1849), Sadighzadeh et al.

(2012) as Lutjanus russellii (non Bleeker 1849),

Dehghani (2014) as Lutjanus russeli (non Bleeker

1849), Torquato et al. (2017) and Ziyadi et al. (2018)

as Lutjanus russellii (non Bleeker 1849).


Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east

to Andaman Sea.


Persian Gulf material: BPBM 29448 (1 paratype),

USNM 148084 (1), WAM P.25986-001 (1 paratype),

WAM P.25987-008 (1 paratype).

Lutjanus johnii (Bloch, 1792) - John's snapper

(Sorkhoo-e-maamooli, Persian; Naisarah, Arabic,

Kuwait)



Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Lutjanus johni, Carpenter et al. (1997b), Basson et al. (1981) as

Lutjanus johni, Relyea (1981) as Lutjanus johni, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b) as

Lutjanus johni, Bishop (2003), Valinassab et al.

(2006) as Lutjanus johni, Sadighzadeh et al. (2012,

2014) and Dehghani (2014) as Lutjanus johni. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Persian

Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Seychelles, Madagascar

and Mascarenes (Mauritius and Rodrigues) east to

Philippines and Fiji, north to Ryukyu Islands, south

to Kimberleys (Western Australia) and Queensland



Lutjanus kasmira (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr

1775) - Common bluestripe snapper (Naisarah,

Arabic, Kuwait)




(1982b) and Kuronuma & Abe (1986).




east to Hawaiian Islands, Line Islands (Kiribati) and

Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and

Ogasawara Islands, south to off Western Australia,

New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island, Kermadec

Islands and Rapa.



(2008).

Lutjanus lemniscatus (Valenciennes, 1828) -

Yellowstreaked snapper (Sorkhoo mokhattat-e-zard,

Persian)


82


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Lutjanus janthinuropterus; subsequently reported by Mahdi &

Georg (1969) as Lutjanus janthinuropterus,

Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Lutjanus janthinuropterus and Sadighzadeh et al. (2012).


of Oman and Persian Gulf east to Philippines and

New Guinea, north to Taiwan, south to Western

Australia and Queensland (Australia).


Remarks: Has been referred to as Lutjanus janthinuropterus and Lutjanus rangus (a junior

synonym of Lutjanus bohar) by previous authors.

Lutjanus lutjanus Bloch, 1790 - Bigeye snapper

(Sorkhoo chashm-dorosht, Persian; Naisarah,

Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Lutjanus lineolatus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Lutjanus lineolatus, Kuronuma & Abe

(1972, 1986) as Lutjanus lineolatus, Relyea (1981) as

Lutjanus lineolatus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim

(1982a, 1982b) as Lutjanus lineolatus, Allen (1985),

Allen & Talbot (1985), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et

al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Sadighzadeh et al. (2012)

and Jabado et al. (2015a).


Africa and Persian Gulf east to Philippines, Vanuatu

and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to Western

Australia and Queensland (Australia).



267079 (4), USNM 298309 (1). Remarks: Often referred to as Lutjanus lineolatus by

previous authors.

Lutjanus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) -

Malabar blood snapper (Sorkhoo malabari, Persian)



Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b), Allen

(1985), Allen & Talbot (1985), Kuronuma & Abe


Bishop (2003), Valinassab et al. (2006), Sadighzadeh

et al. (2012) and Torquato et al. (2017).


of Oman and Persian Gulf east to Palau, Fiji and



Caledonia.


Lutjanus monostigma (Cuvier, 1828) - One-spot

snapper


Gulf, based on USNM 267086 (1), USNM 267118

(7) from off Bahrain.




Kiribati (Line Islands) and Pitcairn, north to southern

Japan, south to off northwestern Australia,

Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia and Rapa.



267118 (7).

Lutjanus quinquelineatus (Bloch, 1790) - Five-lined

snapper (Sorkhoo panj-khat, Persian)


by Allen & Talbot (1985); subsequently reported by

Allen (1985), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Krupp &


(1997b), Bishop (2003) and Taher et al. (2012).


Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to Lord Howe

Island.

IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Remarks. This species has been referred to as

Lutjanus spilurus.

Lutjanus rivulatus (Cuvier, 1828) - Blubberlip

snapper (Sorkhoo ghahvehee and Sorkhoo

ghahvohei, Persian)


83



Kuronuma & Abe (1986) and Sadighzadeh et al.

(2012).




Palau and Society Islands, north to southern Japan,




Lutjanus sanguineus (Cuvier, 1828) - Humphead

snapper



Basson et al. (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim

(1982a, b), Allen (1985), Allen & Talbot (1985),




and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles and

Madagascar east to western India.


Lutjanus sapphirolineatus Iwatsuki, Al-Mamry &

Heemstra 2016 - Blueline snapper (Sorkhoo bangali,

Persian)


Gulf; previously reported by Kuronuma & Abe

(1986) as Lutjanus bengalensis (non Bloch 1790).





Pinjalo pinjalo (Bleeker, 1850) - Pinjalo (Sorkhoo

kajpoolak, Persian)


by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, b);

subsequently reported by Allen (1985), Kuronuma &

Abe (1986), Randall et al. (1987), Carpenter et al.

(1997b), Bishop (2003) and Torquato et al. (2017).

Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Oman and Persian

Gulf east to Philippines, Papua New Guinea and Fiji,

north to Taiwan.



Pristipomoides filamentosus (Valenciennes, 1830) -

Crimson jobfish


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Aprion microlepis; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Aprion macrolepis, Relyea (1981) as

Aprion microlepis, Allen (1985), Kuronuma & Abe

(1986) as Pristipomoides microlepis and Carpenter et

al. (1997b).



Comores, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to


southern Japan, south to off northwestern Australia,

New South Wales (Australia) and Kermadec Islands.


Pristipomoides multidens (Day 1870) - Goldbanded

jobfish


by Allen (1985).


Africa, Persian Gulf and Réunion (western

Mascarenes) east to Samoa, north to southern Japan,

south to northern Australia


Pristipomoides sieboldii (Bleeker, 1855) - Lavender

jobfish


by Allen (1985).

Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic: Vema

Seamount; Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East Africa,

Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to


southern Japan, south to Arafura Sea off Northern

Territory (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga.


84


Family Menidae

Mene maculata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) -

Moonfish (Mah-mahi, Persian)



reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Mene maculator, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Relyea


Bishop (2003) and Valinassab et al. (2006) as Mene maculate.



Mascarenes east to New Guinea and Melanesia,

south to Western Australia and New South Wales

(Australia).



Family Microdesmidae

Gunnellichthys viridescens Dawson, 1968 -

Yellowstripe wormfish




Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Seychelles and

Persian Gulf east to Marshall Islands and Samoa,



Parioglossus raoi (Herre, 1939) - Rao's hover goby





Micronesia and Fiji, north to Yaeyama Islands.


Ptereleotris arabica Randall & Hoese, 1985 - Arabian

dartfish


in original description by Randall & Hoese (1985);

subsequently reported by Krupp & Müller (1994),


Bishop (2003).

Distribution: Red Sea, Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf,

Andaman Sea.



AMS I.25403-001 (1 paratype), BPBM 21495 (1

paratype), BPBM 30659 (2 paratypes), BPBM 30660

(3 paratypes), USNM 258653 (1 paratype).

Ptereleotris microlepis (Bleeker, 1856) - Pale dartfish






Hawaiian and Line islands and Tuamotu





Family Monodactylidae

Monodactylus argenteus (Linnaeus, 1758) - Silver

moony


by Relyea (1981); subsequently reported by Krupp et

al. (2000), Zajonz et al. (2002), Taher et al. (2012)

and Jawad (2013).




east to Mariana Islands, Caroline Islands

(Micronesia) and Samoa, north to southern Japan,

south to Western Australia and to New Caledonia.



Family Mugilidae

Chelon carinatus (Valenciennes, 1836) - Keeled

mullet

85



by Hussain et al. (1988) as Liza carinata; subsquently

reported by Abou-Seedo (1992) as Liza carinata,

Nasir (2000) as Liza carinata and Mohamed et al.

(2016) as Planiliza carinata.



to India; immigrated into eastern Mediterranean Sea

through Suez Canal (Red Sea immigrant).



148970 (6).

Chelon macrolepis (Smith, 1846) - Largescale mullet

(Beyah, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Liza macrolepis;

subsequently reported by Relyea (1981) as Mugil macrolepis, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as

Liza macrolepis, Al-Hassan & Hussain (1985) as

Liza macrolepis, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Liza macrolepis, Hussain et al. (1988) as Liza macrolepis,

Nasir (2000) as Liza macrolepis and Taher et al.

(2012) as Liza macrolepis.



Rodrigues (Mascarenes) east to Tuamotu

Archipelago and Marquesas Islands, south to New

Caledonia, Aitutaki (Cook Islands) and Austral

Islands; also adjacent estuaries and fresh water

habitats of Africa, Asia, Australia and Oceania.



Crenimugil buchanani (Bleeker 1853) - Bluetail

mullet


by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Valamugil buchanani. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa and

Persian Gulf east to Marshall Islands; shallow coastal

waters, estuaries, entering creeks and rivers.


Crenimugil pedaraki (Valenciennes, 1836) - Longfin

mullet



Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Valamugil pedaraki. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: South Africa, Oman

and Persian Gulf east to Indonesia, north to southern

Japan.


Ellochelon vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) -

Squaretail mullet


by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Liza waigiensis;

subsequently reported by Relyea (1981) as Mugil vaigiensis, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Liza vaigiensis, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Liza vaigiensis, Nasir (2000) as Liza vaigiensis, Bishop

(2003) as Liza vaigiensis, Edwin (2012) and

Dehghani (2014) as Liza vaigiensis.



(western Mascarenes) east to Marshall Islands,

Gambier Islands and Marquesas islands, north to


South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia, Society

Islands and Rapa.


Remark: Previously named Liza vaigiensis (Quoy &

Gaimard, 1825).

Moolgarda seheli (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr

1775) - Bluespot mullet (Beyah, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Valamugil seheli; subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1972,

1986) as Valamugil seheli, Relyea (1981) as Mugil seheli, Abou-Seedo (1992) as Valamugil seheli, Krupp & Müller (1994) as Valamugil seheli, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Valamugil seheli, Bishop

(2003) as Valamugil seheli and Taher et al. (2012) as

Valamugil seheli. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East

86



Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Marquesas


Australia and Norfolk Island.

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Remarks: Authorship of species name see Fricke

(2008). Previously named Valamugil seheli (Forsskal, 1775).

Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 - Flathead grey

mullet (Biah Srpehn, Kafal, Persian)



Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Carpenter

et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Jawad (2017).

Distribution: Nearly circumglobal in temperate and

tropical seas and estuaries, except not in parts of the

western Atlantic.

IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Osteomugil cunnesius (Valenciennes, 1836) -

Longarm mullet



Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Valamugil cunnesius.



(western Mascarenes) east to New Guinea and

Vanuatu, north to Taiwan, south to northern Australia

and New Caledonia.

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Remark: synonym of Valamugil cunnesius

(Valenciennes, 1836)

Osteomugil speigleri (Bleeker 1858) - Speigler's

mullet


by Mohamed et al. (2016).


New Guinea.


Persian Gulf material: DFMRB uncat. (125).

Paramugil parmatus (Cantor, 1849) - Broad-mouthed

mullet


by Bolster (1948) as Mugil oligolepis; subsequently

reported by Mahdi (1950) as Mugil oligolepis,

Khalaf (1961) as Mugil oligolepis, Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Liza oligolepis, Kuronuma & Abe (1986)

as Liza oligolepis and Coad (2010).


Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Sri Lanka

east to Fiji, north to Philippines, south to northern

Australia.

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Remark: Liza oligolepis (Bleeker, 1859) is a junior

synonym.

Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843) - Abu mullet (Biah,

Biah Zury, Derbak, Do'kelki, Shochy, Persian)


of Mahdi (1950) as Mugil hishni; subsequently

reported by Khalaf (1961) as Mugil abu, Mahdi &

Georg (1969) as Mugil abu and M. hishni, Kuronuma

& Abe (1986), Hussain et al. (1988, 1994), Carpenter

et al. (1997b), Zajonz et al. (2002) and Bishop

(2003).

Distribution: Asia: Turkey, Iraq and Iran; rivers and

estuaries in Persian Gulf system.

IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Planiliza klunzingeri (Day, 1888) - Klunzinger's mullet


by Randall (1995a) as Chelon klunzingeri; subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as

Liza klunzingeri, Zajonz et al. (2002) as Liza klunzingeri, Bishop (2003) as Liza klunzingeri, Mohamed et al. (2016), Moravec et al. (2016) as Liza klunzingeri and Naji et al. (2016) as Liza klunzingeri. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian



Persian Gulf material: SMNS 9977 (3). Planiliza persica (Senou, Randall & Okiyama, 1995)

- Persian mullet

87



in original description by Senou et al. in Randall

(1995a) as Chelon persicus; subsequently reported by

Senou et al. (1996) as Chelon persicus and Carpenter

et al. (1997b) as Liza persicus.


Gulf endemic.

IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Planiliza planiceps (Valenciennes, 1836) - Tade gray

mullet


by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Liza planiceps;

previously reported by Abou-Seedo (1992) as Mugil tade (non Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775).


Africa and Persian Gulf east to Mariana Islands and

Vanuatu, south to New Caledonia.

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Planiliza subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836) -

Greenback mullet


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Mugil dussumieri; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950)

as Mugil dussumieri, Khalaf (1961) as Mugil dussumieri, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Liza dussumieri, Relyea (1981) as Mugil dussumieri, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Liza dussumieri, Hussain et al. (1988) as Liza subviridis, Wright

(1988), Abou-Seedo (1992) as Liza subviridis,

Hussain et al. (1994) as Liza subviridis, Krupp &

Müller (1994) as Liza subviridis, Randall (1995a) as

Chelon subviridis, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Liza subviridis, Nasir (2000) as Liza subviridis, Zajonz et

al. (2002) as Liza subviridis, Bishop (2003) as Liza subviridis, Nasir & Khalid (2013) as Liza subviridis,

Dehghani (2014) as Mugil dussumieri and Mohamed

et al. (2016).


Africa and Persian Gulf east to Philippines, Tonga

and Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to Shark

Bay (Western Australia), New South Wales



Family Mullidae

Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (Lacepède, 1801) -

Yellowstripe goatfish (Hamer, Arabic, Kuwait)



Bishop (2003), Edwin (2012) and Jawad (2017).



east to Hawaiian Islands, Line Islands and Pitcairn

Group, north to southern Japan, south to Western

Australia, New South Wales (Australia) at 36°S,

Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia and Rapa.



196499 (6).

Parupeneus ciliatus (Lacepède, 1802) - Whitesaddle

goatfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf


Parupeneus pleurotaenia; subsequently reported by

Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Parupeneus pleurotaenia, El-Agamy (1989) as Parupeneus pleurotaenia and Haseli et al. (2010).


Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to

Marshall Islands and Pitcairn, north to southern

Japan, south to western Australia, New South Wales

(Australia), Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia,

Tonga and Rapa.


Remarks: Mullus pleurotaenia Playfair 1867 is a

junior synonym.

Parupeneus cyclostomus (Lacepède 1801) -

Goldsaddle goatfish





88


Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Line

Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan,

south to Western Australia, New South Wales

(Australia), New Caledonia and Rapa.


Persian Gulf material: UMT 02 (1), UMPT 07 (2),

UMPT 08 (1), UMPT 09 (4), UMPT 12 (11).

Parupeneus heptacanthus (Lacepède, 1802) -

Cinnabar goatfish



Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Randall

(2004), Randall & Heemstra (2009) and Ketabi et al.

(2017).



east to Marshall Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to

southern Japan, south to Australia, Lord Howe Island

and New Caledonia.



Parupeneus macronemus (Lacepède, 1801) - Long-

barbel goatfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf




Mascarenes, Cocos-Keeling Islands, Christmas

Island to Indonesia and Philippines.


Parupeneus margaritatus Randall & Guézé, 1984 -

Pearly goatfish Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf

in original description by Randall & Guézé (1984);



et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Randall (2004) and

Randall & Heemstra (2009).





AMNH 18379 (2), AMS I.24445-001 (1 paratype),



(10), BPBM 29410 (9 paratypes), BPBM 30490 (1),

BPBM 33327 (3), CAS 64838 (1 paratype), HUJ

11388 (1 paratype), MCZ 60804 (1 paratype),

MNHN 1983-0677 (3 paratypes), NSMT-P 23030 (1

paratype), SAIAB 20063 (1 paratype), USNM

147994 (8 paratypes), USNM 265815 (1 paratype).

Upeneus doriae (Günther, 1869) - Gilded goatfish Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf

in original description by Günther (1869) ; also


Mulloidichthys auriflamma (non Forsskål in Niebuhr

1775), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Mulloidichthys auriflamma (non Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775),

Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Mulloidichthys auriflamma (non Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775), Basson

et al. (1981) as Mulloidichthys auriflamma (non

Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775), Relyea (1981) as

Mulloidichthys auriflamma (non Forsskål 1775);

subsequently reported by Gallotti (1971) as Upeneus moluccensis (non Bleeker 1855), Randall (1995a),

Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b), Bishop (2003) and

Uiblein & Heemstra (2010).




Persian Gulf material: SAIAB 58782 (2), SMF 26055

(3).

Upeneus oligospilus Lachner, 1954 - Short-fin

goatfish (Hamer, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf

in original description by Lachner (1954); also

reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Upeneus tragula (non Richardson 1846); subsequently

reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) and Uiblein &

Heemstra (2010, 2011).


89


Gulf endemic.


Persian Gulf material: USNM 153988 (holotype),

NRM 16480 (1), SMF 10285 (1), USNM 147995 (11

paratypes), USNM 196238 (2). Upeneus randalli Uiblein & Heemstra, 2011 -

Randall's goatfish Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf

in original description by Uiblein & Heemstra

(2011); previously reported in part by Uiblein &

Heemstra (2010) as Upeneus margarethae.


Gulf endemic.



BPBM 21201 (6 paratypes), ZMUC P49161 (1

paratype).

Upeneus sulphureus Cuvier, 1829 - Sulphur goatfish

(Boz-mahi-e-zard-jameh, Persian)



Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a,

1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Husain et al.

(1988), Abou-Seedo (1992), Hussain et al. (1994) as

Upeneus sulphurus, Krupp & Müller (1994), Uiblein

& Heemstra (2010), Taher et al. (2012) and

Hoveizavi et al. (2016).



and Mascarenes east to Philippines and Fiji, north to

southern Japan, south to Western Australia and New

Caledonia.



(3), UMPT 05 (116), UMPT 06 (4), UMPT 07 (14),


16 (8), UMPT 17 (5), UMPT 20 (5), ZMUC P.49156

(1).

Upeneus sundaicus (Bleeker, 1855) - Ochrebanded

goatfish (Boz-mahi-e-navar-ajori, Persian)



Carpenter et al. (1997b), Krupp et al. (2000) and

Uiblein & Heemstra (2010).

Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Mauritius and

Persian Gulf east to Philippines and Papua New

Guinea, south to northern Australia.



(3), ZMUC P.49121 (1), ZMUC P.49122 (1), ZMUC

P.49123 (1), ZMUC P.49124 (1).

Upeneus tragula Richardson, 1846 - Freckled

goatfish





(1982a, 1982b), Smith & Saleh (1987), Abou-Seedo

(1992), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al.

(1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Taher et al. (2012) and

Uiblein & Heemstra (2010). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East


Solomon Islands, north to southern Japan, south to


Caledonia.


Upeneus vittatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) -

Yellowstriped goatfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf


Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b)

as Upeneus asymmetricus (non Lachner 1954),


Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Uiblein

& Heemstra (2010).




Islands and Marquesas Islands, north to southern

Japan, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia

90


and Tonga.


Family Nemipteridae

Nemipterus bipunctatus (Valenciennes, 1830) -

Delagoa threadfin bream


by Menon (1960) as Nemipterus bleekeri; subsquently reported by Khalaf (1961) as

Nemipterus bleekeri, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Nemipterus bleekeri, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim

(1982a, b) as Nemipterus delagoae, Kuronuma &

Abe (1986) as Nemipterus delagoae and N. bleekeri, Russell (1986, 1990), Krupp & Müller (1994),


(2003) and Ziyadi et al. (2018).


Madagascar and Mauritius east to Andaman Sea and

Strait of Malacca.

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: NTM S.11132-001 (2), UMPT

07 (1).

Remarks: Nemipterus delagoae Smith 1941 is a

junior synonym.

Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch, 1791) - Japanese

threadfin bream (Bassi, Arabic, Kuwait)




Abe (1972, 1986), Relyea (1981), Russell (1986,

1990), Hussain et al. (1988), Krupp & Müller (1994),


(2003) and Valinassab et al. (2006).


Africa and Madagascar east to Philippines, north to

southern Japan; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea

immigrant).


Persian Gulf material: BPBM 29520 (1); SMNS

14424 (1), UMPT 11 (3), UMPT 13 (20), UMPT 14

(3), UMPT 15 (3), UMPT 16 (3), UMPT 17 (3),

UMPT 18 (9), UMPT 19 (4), USNM 231478 (3),

USNM 266523 (4).

Nemipterus peronii (Valenciennes, 1830) -

Notchedfin threadfin bream (Bassi, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf

by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Nemipterus tolu;


Odontoglyphis tolu, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986)

as Nemipterus tolu and N. oveniides, Basson et al.

(1981) as Nemipterus tolu, Relyea (1981) as

Nemipterus tolu, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim

(1982a, b) as Nemipterus tolu, Russell (1986, 1990),

Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir

(2000) and Bishop (2003).


Gulf east to Philippines and Vanuatu, north to

Taiwan and China, south to Exmouth Gulf (Western


Caledonia.


Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14402 (2), SU 68803

(4), UMPT 05 (1), UMPT 06 (12), UMPT 07 (28),


19 (1), USNM 147872 (3), USNM 147873 (1),

USNM 266524 (8).

Remarks. This species has been misidentified as

Nemipterus furcosus.

Nemipterus randalli Russell, 1986 - Randall's

threadfin bream Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf

in original description by Russell (1986); also

reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Nemipterus marginatus (non Valenciennes 1830); subsequently

reported by Russell (1990), Randall (1995a) and



Africa, Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to India.

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: BPBM 29519 (holotype);

BPBM 29507 (1 paratype), UMPT 05 (4).

Nemipterus zysron (Bleeker, 1856) - Slender

91


threadfin bream


by Jawad & Al-Badri (2014); previously reported by

Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Nemipterus nemurus

(non Bleeker 1857).


Africa, Madagascar and Seychelles east to Marshall

Islands and Fiji, north to Taiwan, south to Dampier

Archipelago (Western Australia) and New

Caledonia.

IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: SU 68802 (1), UMPT 05 (1),

USNM 147838 (1).

Parascolopsis aspinosa (Rao & Rao, 1981) - Smooth

dwarf monocle bream (Govazim-e-chashm-dorosht,

Persian) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf

by Russell (1990); subsequently reported by Russel

& Golani (1993), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et

al. (1997b).

Distribution: Red Sea, Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden

and Persian Gulf east to Andaman Sea.



21222 (1), NTM S.11137-001 (4), USNM 266525

(1).

Parascolopsis eriomma (Jordan & Richardson, 1909)

- Rosy dwarf monocle bream Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf




Philippines, north to southern Japan, south to

southern Indonesia and Arafura and Timor seas.


Scolopsis bimaculata Rüppell, 1828 - Thumbprint

monocle bream Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf


Scolopsis bimaculatus; subsequently reported by

Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Scolopsis bimaculatus,

Russell (1990) as Scolopsis bimaculatus, Randall

(1995a) as Scolopsis bimaculatus, Carpenter et al.

(1997b) as Scolopsis bimaculatus and Bishop (2003)

as Scolopsis bimaculatus.


Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Sri Lanka and

Bay of Bengal (India).


Scolopsis frenata (Cuvier, 1830) - Bridled monocle

bream Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf

by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Scolopsis phaeops.


Persian Gulf, Madagascar, Seychelles and

Mascarenes east to Chagos Archipelago.



147889 (15), USNM 196477 (3).

Scolopsis ghanam (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in

Niebuhr 1775) - Arabian monocle bream (Ebzaimy,

Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf



Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a,

b), Smith & Saleh (1987), Russell (1990), Krupp


Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003) and Taher

et al. (2012).


Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to Andaman

Islands.



USNM 147888 (3), USNM 227612 (1), USNM

266521 (1), USNM 266522 (1).


(2008).

Scolopsis taeniata (Cuvier, 1830) - Black-streaked

92


monocle bream (Govazim-e-taknavar, Persian;

Ebzaimy, Arabic, Kuwait; Ebzaimee, Arabic,

Bahrain) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf

by Smith & Saleh (1987) as Scolopsis taeniatus;

previously reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1972,

1986) as Scolopsis phaeops (non Bennett 1832),

Relyea (1981) as Scolopsis phaeops (non Bennett

1832); subsequently reported by Russell (1990) as

Scolopsis thaeniatus, Krupp & Müller (1994) as

Scolopsis taeniatus, Randall (1995a) as Scolopsis taeniatus, Carpenter et al. (1997a, 1997b) as

Scolopsis taeniatus, Bishop (2003) as Scolopsis taeniatus and Taher et al. (2012) as Scolopsis taeniatus.


Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to Sri

Lanka.



UMPT 08 (7), UMPT 09 (4), USNM 266517 (2),

USNM 266518 (6), USNM 266519 (1), USNM

266520 (2).

Scolopsis vosmeri (Bloch, 1792) - Whitecheek

monocle bream (Hasseyeh, Arabic, Bahrain) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf

by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a) as

S. ruppelli, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as

S. vosmeri and S. ruppelli; subsequently reported by

Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Scolopsis vosmeri and

S. ruppelli, Russell (1990), Abou-Seedo (1992) as

Scolopsis ruppelli, Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall





Japan, south to Northern Territory (Australia) and

Exmouth Gulf (Western Australia).


Persian Gulf material: CAS 48283 (3), UMPT 12 (1).

Family Opistognathidae

Opistognathus muscatensis Boulenger, 1888 -Robust

jawfish



Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Hussain & Jawad

(2014).


Africa and Seychelles to Persian Gulf.



Opistognathus nigromarginatus Rüppell, 1830 -

Bridled jawfish Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf




East Africa and Persian Gulf east to Thailand and

Vietnam.


30287 (1), BPBM 30289 (1), BPBM 30290 (1),

BPBM 30846 (1), BPBM 30847 (1).

Family Pentacerotidae

Histiopterus typus Temminck &Schlegel, 1844 -

Sailfin armourhead




South Africa, Persian Gulf, Comoros and Réunion

(western Mascarenes) east to Philippines, north to



Family Percidae

Sander marinus (Cuvier 1828) - Estuarine perch

Status in Persian Gulf: Interoduced in Persian Gulf.

Distribution: Northern Black Sea and Caspian Sea.

Introduced elsewhere.



93


Family Pinguipedidae

Parapercis alboguttata (Günther, 1872) - Whitespot

sandsmelt



Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Torquato et al. (2017).


Persian Gulf east to Philippines, north to South China

Sea, south to northwestern Australia.



266975 (1), USNM 266976 (2).

Parapercis maculata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) -

Harlequin sandperch


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Parapercis smithii; subsequently reported Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Parapercis smithii and Kuronuma & Abe

(1986) as Parapercis smithi. Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East

Africa, Persian Gulf, Comoros, Madagascar and

Réunion (Mascarenes) east to Indonesia, north to

southern Japan.



Parapercis robinsoni Fowler, 1929 - Smallscale

grubfish (Terr, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf

by Randall & Stroud (1985); also reported by Regan

(1905) as Percis nebulosa (non Quoy & Gaimard

1825), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Parapercis pulchella (non Temminck & Schlegel 1843),

Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Parapercis nebulosa (non

Quoy & Gaimard 1825), Basson et al. (1981) as

Parapercis nebulosus (non Quoy & Gaimard 1825),

Relyea (1981) as Parapercis nebulosus (non Quoy &

Gaimard 1825), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as

Parapercis nebulosus (non Quoy & Gaimard 1825);

subsequently reported by Krupp & Müller (1994),


Bishop (2003).


and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles,

Madagascar and Réunion (western Mascarenes) east

to Pakistan.



BMNH 2014.5.27.19 (1), BPBM 21276 (2), BPBM

21496 (1), MNHN 1902-0153 (1), UMPT 10 (1),

UMPT 12 (1), USNM 147985 (32), USNM 195844

(1), USNM 196492 (2), USNM 266972 (6).

Remarks: Records of Parapercis nebulosa (non Quoy

& Gaimard 1825) are misidentifications of this

species.

Family Polynemidae

Eleutheronema tetradactylum (Shaw, 1804) -

Fourfinger threadfin (Rashgoo maamooli, Persian;

Sheem, Arabic, Kuwait)



reported by Bolster (1948) as Eleutheronema tetradactilus, Mahdi (1950) as Polydactylus tetradactylus, Khalaf (1961) as Polynemus tetradactylus, Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma &

Abe (1972, 1986), Relyea (1981), Al-Hassan &

Hussain (1985), Hussain et al. (1988, 1994), Abou-

Seedo (1992), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al.

(1997b), Nasir (2000), Bishop (2003), Motomura

(2004), Valinassab et al. (2006), Nasir & Khalid

(2013), Dehghani (2014) and Moravec et al. (2016).


Papua New Guinea, south to northern Australia.


Persian Gulf material: BMNH 2014.5.27.34 (1).

Polydactylus persicus Motomura & Iwatsuki, 2001 -

Persian blackspot threadfin (Rashgoo shesh-khat,

Persian; Ghazal, Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: Recorded from Persian Gulf

in original description by Motomura & Iwatsuki

(2001); also reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin

(1944) as Polynemus sextarius (non Bloch &

Schneider, 1801), Khalaf (1961) as Polynemus

94


sextarius (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Mahdi &

Georg (1969) as Polynemus sextarius (non Bloch &

Schneider, 1801), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as

Polydactylus sextarius (non Bloch & Schneider,

1801), Relyea (1981) as Polydactylus sextarius (non

Bloch & Schneider 1801), Hussain et al. (1988) as

Polydactylus sextarius (non Bloch & Schneider,

1801), Randall (1995a) as Polydactylus sextarius

(non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Carpenter et al.

(1997b) as Polydactylus sextarius (non Bloch &

Schneider 1801), Nasir (2000) as Polydactylus sextarius (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Hussein et

al. (2002) as Polydactylus sextarius (non Bloch &

Schneider 1801), Bishop (2003) as Polydactylus sextarius (non Bloch & Schneider 1801) and

Dehghani (2014) as Polydactylus sextarius (non

Bloch & Schneider 1801); subsequently reported by

Motomura (2004).


endemic.


Persian Gulf material: MCZ 60001 (holotype), AMS

I.40432-001 (1 paratype), BMNH 2000.9.25.1 (1

paratype), KU 10528 (1 paratype), MCZ 592251 (5

paratypes, 1 c&s), MCZ 158350 (2 paratypes),

MUFS 20410 (1 paratype), SMNS 14422 (1), USNM

363075 (1 paratype).

Family Pomacanthidae

Apolemichthys xanthotis (Fraser-Brunner 1950) -

Red Sea angelfish


by Allen et al. (1998)




Pomacanthus imperator (Bloch, 1787) - Emperor

angelfish



by Allen (1979), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981)

and Kuronuma & Abe (1986).




east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to


Western Australia, Lord Howe Island, New

Caledonia, Tonga and Austral Islands.


Pomacanthus maculosus (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775)

- Yellowbar angelfish (Hamad, Persian; Anfooz,

Arabic, Kuwait) Status in Persian Gulf: First record from Persian Gulf


reported by Klausewitz (1968), Mahdi & Georg

(1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Allen

(1979), Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981),

Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a) as

Pomacanthus aculosus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim

(1982b), Smith & Saleh (1987), Krupp (1991), Krupp

& Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al.

(1997a, b), Allen et al. (1998), Zajonz et al. (2002),

Bishop (2003), Taher et al. (2012), Jawad et al.

(2014d), Torquato et al. (2017) and Ziyadi et al.

(2018).


Africa, Gulf of Aden and Persian Gulf east to

Pakistan; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant).



UMPT 09 (1), USNM 147894 (19), USNM 147895

(2), USNM 196493 (3), USNM 266731 (2), USNM

267104 (2), USNM 267145 (1).

Pygoplites flavescens (Bennett 1831) - Regal

angelfish


Gulf; previously reported by Basson et al. (1981) as

Pygoplites diacanthus (non Boddaert 1772), Relyea

(1981) as Pygoplites diacanthus (non Boddaert

1772).


South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar,

95


Mauritius (Mascarenes) and Maldives east to western

Indonesia.


Remarks: Accepted as a valid subspecies of

P. diacanthus by Coleman et al. (2016); in the present

paper raised to species level.

Family Pomacentridae

Abudefduf sexfasciatus (Lacepède, 1801) -

Scissortail sergeant


by Regan (1905) as Glyphidodon coelestinus.



Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Marquesas and

Gambier islands, north to southern Japan, south to


Lord Howe Island, Tonga and Rapa.

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Abudefduf vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) -

Indo-Pacific sergeant


by Smith & Saleh (1987); also reported by Basson et

al. (1981) as Abudefduf saxatilis (non Linnaeus

1758), Relyea (1981) as Abudefduf saxatilis (non

Linnaeus 1758), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim

(1982b) as Abudefduf saxatilis vaigiensis, Kuronuma

& Abe (1986) as Abudefduf saxatilis (non Linnaeus

1758), Taher et al. (2012) as Abudefduf saxatili (non

Linnaeus 1758); subsequently reported by Krupp &

Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Allen

(1991a), Bishop (2003), Buchanan et al. (2015) and


Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: South

Africa and East Africa, Madagascar and Réunion

(Mascarenes) east to Samoa and Tonga, north to


South Wales (Australia), and northern New Zealand;

Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant); introduced

at Hawaiian Islands.



275096 (1).

Remarks. Often confused with the closely related

Atlantic species Abudefduf saxatilis (see Allen1991).

Amphiprion clarkii (Bennett, 1830) - Yellowtail

clownfish



Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Smith & Saleh (1987),

Allen (1991a), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall

(1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Buchanan et al.

(2015).


Micronesia, north to southern Japan, south to

northern Australia.



197733 (2).

Chromis flavaxilla Randall, 1994 - Arabian chromis


in original description by Randall (1994c);


et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003) and Buchanan et al.

(2015).


Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, and Persian Gulf.


Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33289 (1 paratype).

Chromis ternatensis (Bleeker, 1856) - Ternate

chromis



Edwin (2012).



Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to

Mariana Islands, Samoa and Tonga, north to southern

Japan, south to Western Australia, Queensland



96


Chromis weberi Fowler & Bean, 1928 - Weber's

chromis


by Edwin (2012). Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: East


Madagascar and Réunion (western Mascarenes) to

Line Islands, north to southern Japan, south to New

Caledonia.


Chromis xanthopterygia Randall & McCarthy, 1988

- Yellowfin chromis


in original description by Randall & McCarthy

(1988); subsequently reported by Allen (1991a),



(2015).







(7 paratypes), BPBM 31255 (1 paratype), CAS

58492 (1), NSMT-P 4176 (1 paratype), ROM 50818

(1 paratype), SAIAB 26039 (1 paratype), USNM

278732 (1 paratype), WAM P.28787-001 (1

paratype).

Dascyllus trimaculatus (Rüppell, 1829) - Threespot

dascyllus




Allen (1991a), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et

al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003) and Buchanan et al.

(2015).






South Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island, New



Neopomacentrus cyanomos (Bleeker, 1856) - Regal

demoiselle


by Randall et al. (1994); subseqently reported by

Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Buchanan et al. (2015).


Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar to Philippines

and Vanuatu, north to southern Japan, south to


Caledonia.


Neopomacentrus sindensis (Day, 1873) - Arabian

demoiselle


by Regan (1905) as Glyphidodon sindensis;

subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1972,

1986) as Pomacentrus sindensis, Smith & Saleh

(1987), Allen (1991a), Krupp (1991), Krupp &


(1997a, b) and Bishop (2003).


Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to

Pakistan.


Persian Gulf material: UMPT 11 (2). Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus Fowler & Ball

1924 - Johnston Island damselfish


by Randall (1995a).


Gulf, Mozambique Channel, Aldabra, Madagascar

and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn

Group, north to Ryukyu Islands and Ogasawara

Islands and Japan, south to Western Australia, Lord

Howe Island, New Caledonia and Rapa.


97


Pomacentrus aquilus Allen & Randall, 1981 - Dark

damsel


in original description by Allen & Randall (1981);




(2015).


Africa and Persian Gulf to Madagascar.


Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1976.9.20.1-7 (7

paratypes).

Pomacentrus leptus Allen &Randall, 1980 - Slender

damsel




et al. (1997a, 1997b), Bishop (2003) and Buchanan

et al. (2015).


Africa, Gulf of Aden and Gulf of Oman to Persian

Gulf.


BPBM 30426 (1), BPBM 30469 (2).

Pomacentrus trichrourus Günther, 1867 - Paletail

damsel


by Smith & Saleh (1987) as Pomacentrus trichourus;

subsequently reported by Allen (1991a) as

Pomacentrus trichourus, Krupp & Müller (1994) as

Pomacentrus trichourus, Randall (1995a) as

Pomacentrus trichourus, Carpenter et al. (1997a,

1997b) as Pomacentrus trichourus, Bishop (2003) as

Pomacentrus trichourus and Buchanan et al. (2015)

as Pomacentrus trichourus.


South Africa and Persian Gulf to Madagascar and

Mascarenes.


Pomacentrus trilineatus Cuvier, 1830 - Threeline

damsel




Africa and Persian Gulf to Madagascar.


Pristotis obtusirostris (Günther, 1862) - Gulf

damselfish

Status in Persian Gulf: First from Persian Gulf by

Regan (1905) as Pomacentrus jerdoni and P. ontusirostris; subsequently reported by Blegvad &

Løppenthin (1944) as Daya jerdoni, Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Daya jerdoni, Relyea (1981) as Pristotis jerdoni, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Daya jerdoni, Allen (1991a) as Pristotis jerdoni, Randall (1995a)



Gulf east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to

Ryukyu Islands, south to Western Australia,




Family Priacanthidae

Priacanthus blochii Bleeker, 1853 - Paeony bulleye


by Krupp et al. (2000).


Gulf of Aden, Persian Gulf and Seychelles east to

Philippines and Samoa, south to Western Australia

and Queensland (Australia).



(1).

Priacanthus hamrur (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in

Niebuhr 1775) - Moontail bullseye





98



Mascarenes east to Marquesas Islands and Gambier


Australia, Queensland (Australia), Lord Howe Island

and Tonga.




(2008).

Priacanthus tayenus Richardson, 1846 -Purple-

spotted bigeye (Mahi-e-hoze-e-darya, Persian)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944; subsequently






Oman east to Philippines and Fiji, north to Taiwan,




265645 (1), USNM 265646 (1).

Family Pseudochromidae

Pseudochromis aldabraensis Bauchot-Boutin, 1958 -

Orange dottyback


by Krupp & Müller (1994); previously reported by

Lubbock (1975, 1977) as Pseudochromis dutoiti (non

Smith 1955), Relyea et al. (1980) as Pseudochromis dutoiti (non Smith 1955), Relyea (1981) as

Pseudochromis dutoiti (non Smith 1955), Smith &

Saleh (1987) as Pseudochromis dutoiti (non Smith

1955); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a),


Gill (2004).

Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Aldabra; Oman

and Persian Gulf east to Pakistan; Sri Lanka.



BMNH 1973.1.22.18-25 (8), BPBM 21254 (1),

BPBM 30442 (1), BPBM 30471 (6), BPBM 30518

(3), BPBM 31955 (4), USNM 147901 (1), WAM

P.25987-010 (3).

Pseudochromis caudalis Boulenger, 1898 - Stripe-

tailed dottyback


by Gill (2004).

Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: southern

Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to Sri Lanka.



324634 (2).

Pseudochromis linda Randall & Stanaland, 1989 -

Yellowtail dottyback


by Krupp & Müller (1994); previously reported by

Lubbock (1975) as Pseudochromis olivaceus (non

Rüppell 1835), Relyea (1981) as Pseudochromis olivaceus (non Rüppell 1835); subsequently reported

by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Gill

(2004).


Aden, Sokotra Archipelago and Persian Gulf east to

Pakistan.


Persian Gulf material: AMS I.26715-001 (4), BMNH

1973.12.20.29-42 (14), BPBM 30487 (1), BPBM

31024 (1).

Pseudochromis nigrovittatus Boulenger, 1897 -

Blackstripe dottyback


by Regan (1905); subsequently reported by Lubbock

(1975), Relyea (1981), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et

al. (1997b) and Gill (2004).

Distribution: Southern Red Sea, northwestern Indian

Ocean: Gulf of Aden and Gulf of Oman to southern

Persian Gulf.



BMNH 1973.12.20.100-102 (3).

99


Pseudochromis persicus Murray, 1887 - Bluespotted

dottyback


in original description by Murray (1887);

subsequently reported by Regan (1905), Lubbock

(1975), Relyea et al. (1980), Basson et al. (1981),

Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Smith &

Saleh (1987), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall

(1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003)

and Gill (2004).




Persian Gulf material: Lectotype: BMNH

1887.9.22.45 (lectotype, selected by Lubbock 1975),

BMNH 1887.9.22.46-48 (3 paralectotypes), BMNH

1973.12.20.1-7 (7), BMNH 1974.2.12.1-3 (3

paralectotypes), BMNH 2014.5.27.31-32 (2), BPBM

16407 (29; BPBM 21298 (3), BPBM 21491 (4),

BPBM 29514 (4), BPBM 30519 (1), USNM 147902

(42), USNM 147903 (32), USNM 267100 (2).

Family Rachycentridae

Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766) - Cobia

(Sookalla, Persian; Sikin, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Rhachycentrum canadus; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as

Rhachycentron canadus, Menon (1960) as

Rachycenteron canadus, Khalaf (1961) as

Rachycentron canadus, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Rachycentron canadus, Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as

Rachycentron canadus, Basson et al. (1981) as

Rachycentron canadus, Relyea (1981) as

Rachycentron canadus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim

(1982b) as Rachycentron canadus, Kuronuma & Abe

(1986), Krupp & Müller (1994) as Rachycentron canadus, Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003),

Valinassab et al. (2006) and Nasir & Khalid (2013).


temperate seas.



Family Scaridae

Chlorurus sordidus (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) -

Daisy parrotfish


by Relyea (1981) as Scarus sordidus; subsequently

reported by Randall & Bruce (1983) as Scarus sordidus, Smith & Saleh (1987) as Scarus sordidus,

Krupp & Müller (1994) as Scarus sordidus,





Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Indonesia.


Scarus ferrugineus Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775 - Rusty

parrotfish




et al. (1997b), Parenti & Randall (2000) and



Gulf of Aden and Gulf of Oman to Persian Gulf.


Scarus fuscopurpureus (Klunzinger, 1871) - Purple-

brown parrotfish (Tooti-mahi-e-yashmi, Persian)



Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Parenti

& Randall (2000).


Somalia, Persian Gulf.


Scarus ghobban Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr

1775 - Blue-barred parrotfish (Tooti-mahi-e-zard-

poolak, Persian)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Callyodon dussumieri; subsequently reported by Mahdi &

Georg (1969) as Callyodon dussumieri, Basson et al.

100


(1981) as Callyodon guttatus, Relyea (1981),

Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Randall &

Bruce (1983), Smith & Saleh (1987), Hussain et al.

(1988), Wright (1988), Krupp & Müller (1994),

Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Buchanan




Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Panama (eastern

Pacific), north to southern Japan and Ogasawara


Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island and Rapa;




147917 (3).


(2008). Scarus guttatus Bloch & Schneider 1801 is a

junior synonym.

Scarus persicus Randall & Bruce, 1983 - Gulf

parrotfish (Tooti-mahi-e-irani, Persian)


in original description by Randall & Bruce (1983);



et al. (1997a, b), Parenti & Randall (2000), Bishop

(2003), Buchanan et al. (2015) and Torquato et al.

(2017).


Gulf to southern Oman.



BPBM 21262 (1 paratype), SAIAB 491 (1 paratype),

USNM 224474 (1 paratype).

Scarus psittacus Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775 - Common

parrotfish






and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and


Shark Bay (Western Australia), Lord Howe Island

and Rapa.


Family Scatophagidae

Scatophagus argus (Linnaeus, 1766) - Spotted scat

(Zarook, Persian; Shing, Arabic, Kuwait)



reported by Mahdi (1950), Khalaf (1961), Mahdi &


Relyea (1981), Al-Hassan & Hussain (1985),

Hussain et al. (1988, 1994), Abou-Seedo (1992),


(2000), Zajonz et al. (2002), Bishop (2003), Parenti

(2004), Dehghani (2014), Jawad (2017) and Jawad &

Ibrahim (2017b).


Society Islands (French Polynesia), north to southern

Japan, south to northern Australia and New

Caledonia.



Family Sciaenidae

Argyrosomus japonicas (Temminck & Schlegel

1843) - Japanese meagre


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Pseudosciaena bleekeri; subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe

(1986), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Dehghani (2014)

as Argyrosomus hololepidotus (non Lacepède 1801).


Africa and Persian Gulf east to Vietnam, north to



Argyrosomus heinii (Steindachner 1902) - Hein's

croaker

Status in Persian Gulf: First record rom Persian Gulf

by Trewavas in Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as

101


Argyrosomus heinini. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: South

Arabian coast to Persian Gulf.


Atrobucca nibe (Jordan & Thompson 1911) -

Blackmouth croaker


by Hussain & Jawad (2014).





Johnius amblycephalus (Bleeker, 1855) - Bearded

croaker

Status in Persian Gulf: new ecord from Persian Gulf

by Al-Faisal & Mutlak (2018).

Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: east of Pakistan

through the coastal waters of the Indian Ocean and

the Indo-Australian Archipelago to the Philippines,

New Guinea and to the Repulse Bay, Queensland;

through the South China Sea to Hainan, Taiwan,

Hong Kong and Kwangtung. Reports from southern

Africa are misidentifications of Johnius fuscolineatus

(Sasaki 1997).

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE)

Remark Umbrina amblycephalus Bleeker, 1855 and Johnius amblycephala (Bleeker, 1855) are synonym.

Johnius belangerii (Cuvier, 1830) - Belanger's

croaker


by Misra (1947) as Johnius belengerii; subsequently

reported by Mahdi (1950) as Johnius belengerii, Khalaf (1961) as Johnius belengeri, Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Johnius belengeri, Kuronuma & Abe

(1986), Hussain et al. (1994) as Jhonius belangerii, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop

(2003) and Hoveizavi et al. (2016) as Johnius belongeri. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and

Oman east to Philippines, north to southern Japan,




Johnius borneensis (Bleeker, 1851) - Sharpnose

hammer croaker


by Randall (1995a) as Johnius vogleri; subsequently

reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Johnius vogleri and Hoveizavi et al. (2016).


China and New Guinea.

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Remark: Otholithus vogleri Bleeker, 1853 is a junior

synonym.

Johnius carutta Bloch, 1793 - Karut croaker



reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Relyea (1981) as

Pseudosciaena carutta, Al-Hassan & Hussain (1985),


Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and

Dehghani (2014).


Oman east to Indonesia, north to southern China.


Johnius dussumieri (Cuvier, 1830) - Sin croaker


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Sciaena dussumieri; subsequently reported by Misra (1947)

as Pseudosciaena sina, Bolster (1948) as

Pseudosciaene sina, Mahdi (1950) as Pseudosciaena sina, Menon (1960) as Johnius osseus, Khalaf (1961)

as Johnius osseus and Pseudosciaena sina, Mahdi &

Georg (1969) as Johnius osseus, Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Johnius sina and Sciaena dussumieri, Relyea (1981) as Sciaena dussumieri, Kuronuma &

Abe (1986) as Johnius sina, Hussain et al. (1988) as

Johnius sina, Hussain et al. (1994) as Jhonius sina,

Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Johnius sina, Nasir

(2000), Bishop (2003) as Johnius sina and Nasir &

102


Khalid (2013) as Johnius sina.



Taiwan.



UMPT 20 (6). Remark: Sciaena osseus Day 1876 and Johnius sina

(Cuvier, 1830) are junior synonyms.

Kathala axillaris (Cuvier 1830) - Kathala croaker


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Pseudosciaena axillaris; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Johnius axillaris, Relyea (1981) as

Pseudosciaena axillaris and Kuronuma & Abe

(1986).


east to India and Sri Lanka.


Nibea maculata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) -

Blotched croaker (Moshkoo lakkehdar, Persian)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Johnius maculatus; subsequently reported by Khalaf (1961)

as Johnius maculatus, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Johnius maculatus, Relyea (1981) as Johnius maculatus, Nasir (2000) and Nasir & Khalid (2013)

as Johnius maculates.


Vietnam.

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Remark Johnius maculatus Bloch & Schneider, 1801,

Otolithes maculate (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) and Sciaena maculate (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) are

synonym.

Otolithes cuvieri Trewavas 1974 - Cuvier's croaker


Gulf, based on SMNS 14410 (2) from Iraq.

Distribution: northern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf

and Oman east ti western India and Sri Lanka.



Otolithes ruber (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) -

Tigertooth croaker (Shoorideh, Persian; Newaiby,

Arabic, Kuwait)



reported by Bolster (1948) as Otolithus rouber, Mahdi (1950) as Otolithus ruber, Khalaf (1961) as

Otolithus ruber, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Otolithus ruber, Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Otolithes argenteus, Relyea (1981) as Otolithes argenteus and

O. ruber, Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Hussain et al.

(1988, 1994), Lee & Al-Baz (1989) as Otolithes argenteus, Abou-Seedo (1992) as Otolithes argenteus, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b),

Nasir (2000), Bishop (2003), Valinassab et al. (2006)

as Otholithes rubber, Nasir & Khalid (2013) and

Dehghani (2014) as Otholithes rubber. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East and South


Philippines, north to South China Sea, south to





18 (1), UMPT 19 (2), UMPT 20 (2).

Pennahia anea (Bloch, 1793) - Donkey croaker

(Shebheshoorideh chashmdorosht, Persian;

Eshmahy, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Pseudosciaena aneus; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as

Pseudosciaena aneus, Menon (1960) as

Pseudosciaena aneus, Khalaf (1961) as

Pseudosciaena aneus, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Johnius aneus and J. argentatus (non Houttuyn 1782),

Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Johnius aneus, Nader &

Jawdat (1977) as Johnius argentatus (non Houttuyn

1782), Relyea (1981) as Johnius aeneus, Kuronuma

& Abe (1986) as Pennahia macrophthalmus and

103


Johnius aneus, Abou-Seedo (1992) as Johnius anius,


(2003) and Dehghani (2014).


Philippines, north to southern China.



(1), UMPT 13 (2), UMPT 14 (8), UMPT 16 (2),

UMPT 17 (9), UMPT 20 (8). Remark: Pennahia macrophthalmus (Bleeker, 1849)


Protonibea diacanthus (Lacepède, 1802) -

Blackspotted croaker (Mish-mahi-e-manghoot,

Persian)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Pseudosciaena diacanthus; subsequently reported by Mahdi &

Georg (1969) as Johnius diacanthus, Nader & Jawdat

(1977) as Johnius diacanthus, Relyea (1981) as

Pseudosciaena diacanthus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986),

Hussain et al. (1988) as Protoniba alicanthus,

Hussain et al. (1994) as Protonebea diacanthus,

Randall (1995a) as Protonibea diacantha, Carpenter

et al. (1997b) as Protonibea diacantha, Nasir (2000),

Bishop (2003) as Protonibea diacantha, Valinassab et

al. (2006) and Dehghani (2014).


Philippines, north to South China Sea, south to



Persian Gulf material: BRC 162 (1), BRC 163 (2).

Umbrina ronchus Valenciennes, 1843 - Fusca drum


by Trewavas in Kuronuma & Abe (1986);



Distribution: Southwestern Mediterranean Sea,

eastern Atlantic: southern Portugal south to Angola,

including Canary and Cape Verde islands; western

Indian Ocean: South Africa to Oman and Persian

Gulf.


Family Scombridae

Remarks: A Persian Gulf record of Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus 1758) by Haseli et al. (2010) needs

verification. Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier 1832) - Wahoo



Distribution: Almost circumglobal in tropical

through warm temperate seas.


Auxis rochei (Risso, 1810) - Bullet tuna


by Collette & Nauen (1983); subsequently reported



emperate seas, except for East Pacific.


Auxis thazard (Lacepède, 1800) - Frigate tuna

(Batch-e-zardeh, Persian)



Collette & Nauen (1983), Kuronuma & Abe (1986),

Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Jawad (2016b, 2017).


emperate seas, except for East Pacific.


Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849) - Kawakawa

(Zardeh, Persian; Cedah, Arabic, Kuwait)



by Basson et al. (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim

(1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Krupp & Müller

(1994), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and

Jawad (2016b, 2017).



Mascarenes east to Panama (eastern Pacific), north to

104


southern Japan, Ogasawara and Hawaiian islands,







Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758) - Skipjack

tuna (Havoor-e-masghati, Persian)


by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Euthynnus pelamis.


temperate seas.





Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816) - Indian

mackerel (Talal, Persian; Bangalla, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Regan (1905) as Scomber microlepidotus;


(1944) as Scomber microlepidotus, Khalaf (1961) as

Scomber kanagurta, Mahdi & Georg (1969),



(1982b), Collette & Nauen (1983), Krupp & Müller

(1994), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003),

Valinassab et al. (2006), Dehghani (2014), Jawad

(2016b, 2017), Naji et al. (2016) and Ziyadi et al.

(2018).



Mascarenes east to Samoa, north to southern Japan,

south to northwestern Australia and New Caledonia;




USNM 270461 (4).

Sarda orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844) -

Striped bonito


by Valinassab et al. (2006) as Thenus orientalis.



western Mascarenes east to Revillagigedo

Archipelago and Panama (eastern Pacific), north to

southern Japan, Ogasawara Islands and Hawaiian

Islands.


Scomber australasicus Cuvier, 1832 - Blue mackerel


Gulf; previously reported by Collette & Nauen

(1983) as Scomber japonicus (non Houttuyn 1782)

and Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Scomber japonicus

(non Houttuyn 1782).

Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East Africa and

Persian Gulf east to Hawaiian Islands, north to Japan

and Kuril Islands, south to Australia and New

Zealand; Socorro Island off Mexico (eastern Pacific).


Scomberomorus commerson (Lacepède, 1800) -

Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Shir-mahi,

Persian; Chaniedah, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Menon (1960) as Scomberomorus commersoni; subsequently reported by Khalaf (1961), Mahdi &

Georg (1969) as Cybium commersoni, Kuronuma &

Abe (1972) as Scomberomurus commersoni, Basson

et al. (1981) as Scomberomorus commersoni, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Collette &

Nauen (1983), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Krupp &

Müller (1994), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop

(2003), Valinassab et al. (2006), Jabado et al. (2013),

Nasir & Khalid (2013), Dehghani (2014), Fakhri et

al. (2015) and Eighani et al. (2018).


South Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and

western Mascarenes east to Palau and Fiji, north to

Korea and southern Japan, south to New South Wales

(Australia), New Caledonia and Lord Howe Island;

105





(1).

Scomberomorus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)

- Indo-Pacific king mackerel (Ghobad, Qobad and

Sheer, Persian; Khubbat, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Cybium guttatum; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as

Cybium guttatum, Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Indocybium guttatum, Kuronuma & Abe

(1972, 1986), Basson et al. (1981), Sivasubramaniam

& Ibrahim (1982b), Collette & Nauen (1983), Abou-

Seedo (1992) as Scomberoides guttatus, Randall


Valinassab et al. (2006), Nasir & Khalid (2013) as

Scomberomorus argenteus and S. gattatus, Dehghani

(2014) and Jawad & Ibrahim (2018a).


Philippines, north to southern Japan.



Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterra, 1788) - Yellowfin

tuna (Balang kuni, Persian)




Bishop (2003) and Dehghani (2014) as Thunnus albacores.


temperate seas.




Fisheries Department1994).

Thunnus obesus (Lowe, 1839) - Bigeye tuna





temperate seas.





Thunnus tonggol (Bleeker, 1851) - Longtail tuna

(Havoor, Persian)


by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Kishinoella tonggol; subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b)

and Naji et al. (2016).


Africa and Persian Gulf east to New Guinea, north to



Family Serranidae

Remarks. A record of Tosana niwae (Smith & Pope

1906) from Bahrain by Al-Baharna (1986) is

probably erroneous.

Aethaloperca rogaa (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in

Niebuhr 1775) - Redmouth grouper (Hamoor-e-siah,

Persian)


by Basson et al. (1981) as Cephalopholis rogaa;


Ibrahim (1982a) as Aethaloperca rogga,


Abe (1986) as Cephalopholis rogaa, Randall &

Heemstra (1991a), Krupp & Müller (1994) and


Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific, East and


(western Mascarenes, there now extinct) east to

Marshall Islands, Fiji and Samoa, north to southern

Japan, south to northwestern Australia, Queensland




(2008).

106


Anyperodon leucogrammicus Valenciennes 1828 -

Slender grouper


by Choat et al. in Craig et al. (2011).



east to Marshall Islands, Phoenix Islands and Tonga,

north to southern Japan, south to Western Australia

and Queensland (Australia).

IUCN: Least Concern (LC)

Cephalopholis argus Schneider, 1801 - Peacock hind


by Regan (1905) as Epinephelus argus; subsequently

reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) and Kuronuma &

Abe (1986).

Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific, East and


Mascarenes east to Wake Atoll, Hawaiian Islands,

northern Line Islands and Pitcairn Group and French

Polynesia, north to southern Japan, south to Western

Australia, Lord Howe Island; introduced to Hawaiian

Islands.



Cephalopholis boenak (Bloch 1790) - Chocolate hind


by Dehghani (2014); subsequently treported by

Tavakoli-Kolour et al. (2015) as Cephalopholis formosus (non Shaw 1812).


Gulf, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to

Philippines and Solomon Islands, north to Shanghai

(China) and Ryukyu Islands, south to Western


Caledonia.


Cephalopholis hemistiktos (Rüppell, 1830) -

Yellowfin hind (Saman-e-ajori, Persian; Shenainow,

Arabic, Kuwait)


by Smith & Saleh (1987); previously reported by

Nader & Jawdat (1977) as Cephalopholis miniatus

(non Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775), Basson et al. (1981)

as Cephalopholis miniatus (non Forsskål in Niebuhr

1775), Relyea (1981) as Cephalopholis miniatus (non

Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775), Kuronuma & Abe (1986)

as Cephalopholis miniatus (non Forsskål in Niebuhr

1775); subsequently reported by Randall & Heemstra

(1991a), Heemstra & Randall (1993), Krupp &


(1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Bertoncini et al. in Craig



Gulf of Aden, Oman and Persian Gulf east to

Pakistan.



BPBM 21270 (2), BPBM 29417 (5), BRC 154 (1),

USNM 147945 (2).

Cephalopholis miniata (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) -

Coral hind


by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, b) as

Cephalopholis miniatus; subsequently reported by

Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Cephalopholis miniatus.



Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to the Line

Islands, Fiji and Tonga, north to Japan, south to


Caledonia.


Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) -

Areolate grouper (Gataw, Arabic, Kuwait)




Abe (1972, 1986), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam

& Ibrahim (1982a, b), Hussain et al. (1988), Randall

& Heemstra (1991a), Heemstra & Randall (1993),


107


et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Cornish et al. in Craig

et al. (2011), Jawad & Ibrahim (2018b) and Ziyadi et

al. (2018).


Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Fiji,

Tonga and Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to

Western Australia and Queensland (Australia) and

New Caledonia.


Persian Gulf material: ANSP 162139 (2), BMNH

1903.5.14.1 (1), BPBM 29427 (1), BPBM 30579 (1),

USNM 430922 (1). Remarks: Often confused with Epinephelus chlorostigma.

Epinephelus bleekeri (Vaillant, 1878) - Duskytail

grouper (Hamoor-e-khal-naranji, Persian)


by Randall & Heemstra (1991a); subsequently

reported by Heemstra & Randall (1993), Krupp &


(1997b), Valinassab et al. (2006), Carpenter et al. in

Craig et al. (2011) and Dehghani (2014).


Gulf east to Philippines, north to Taiwan, south to

Northern Territory (Australia).



272109 (2).

Epinephelus chlorostigma (Valenciennes, 1828) -

Brownspotted grouper (Hamoor-e-manghoot-e-

ghahvahei, Persian; Gataw, Arabic, Kuwait)



& Løppenthin (1944), Mahdi & Georg (1969),


Relyea (1981) and Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim

(1982a, 1982b).



east to Marshall, Tonga and Line islands, north to

southern Japan, south to Western Australia and New

Caledonia.



Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus (Blotch, 1790) -

Whitespotted grouper


by Basson et al. (1981) as Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus and E. summana (non Fabricius

[ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775); subsequently

reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus, Smith & Saleh (1987) as

Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus, Randall & Heemstra

(1991a) as Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus, Krupp &

Müller (1994) as Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus,

Randall (1995a) as Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus,

Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) as Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus, Bishop (2003) as Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus, Fennessy et al. in Craig et al.




Mascarenes east to Marshall Islands, Fiji and Tonga,


northern New South Wales (Australia) and New

Caledonia.



33296 (1). Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822) - Orange-

spotted grouper (Hamoor maamooli, Persian)


by Randall & Heemstra (1991a); previously reported

by Basson et al. (1981) as Epinephelus tauvina (non

Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr 1775), Smith &

Saleh (1987) as Epinephelus malabaricus (non Bloch

& Schneider 1801); subsequently reported by

Heemstra & Randall (1993), Krupp & Müller (1994),

Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997 a, 1997b),

Zajonz et al. (2002), Bishop (2003), Valinassab et al.

(2006), Cornish et al. in Craig et al. (2011), Taher et

al. (2012) as Epinephelus malabaricus (non Bloch &

108


Schneider 1801), Nasir & Khalid (2013), Dehghani

(2014) as Epinephelus coioides and E. malabaricus

(non Bloch & Schneider 1801) and Torquato et al.

(2017).


Africa, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to

Fiji, north to southern Japan and Ryukyu Islands,


(Australia) and New Caledonia; Mediterranean Sea

(Red Sea immigrant).



21305 (1), BPBM 21318 (1), BPBM 29510 (5), SMF

10326 (1). Remarks: Frequently misidentified as Epinephelus tauvina or Epinephelus malabaricus (Randall et al.

1997).

Epinephelus diacanthus (Valenciennes, 1828) -

Spinycheek grouper (Hamoor-e-panj-navari,

Persian)



Relyea (1981) and Valinassab et al. (2006).

Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden,

Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to Sri Lanka and

southeastern India.


Persian Gulf material: BRC 152 (1), BRC 153 (1).

Epinephelus epistictus (Temminck & Schlegel,

1842) - Dotted grouper (Hamoor-e-khat-shekasteh,

Persian)



Krupp et al. (2000), Al-Mukhtar et al. (2011), Pollard

& To in Craig et al. (2011) and Dehghani (2014).



Philippines and New Guinea, north to Korea,


northwestern Australia.


Persian Gulf material: SMF 28598 (1). Remark. Sometimes misidentified as Epinephelus magniscuttis or Epinephelus heniochus.

Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacepède 1802) - Blue

and yellow grouper



Distribution: Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf, Gulf of

Aden, East and South Africa, Madagascar and

Mascarenes east to Andaman Islands, western

Thailand, Malay Peninsula and Sumatra (Indonesia).


Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr

1775) - Brown-marbled grouper



Kuronuma & Abe (1986) and Nasir (2000).



east to Samoa and Phoenix islands, north to Japan,

south to Queensland, Australia.


Epinephelus latifasciatus (Temminck & Schlegel,

1842) - Striped grouper (Hamoor-e-khaki, Persian)


by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Epinephelus grammicus; subsequently reported by Kuronuma &

Abe (1986), Heemstra & Randall (1993), Carpenter

et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Heemstra &

Russell in Craig et al. (2011).


Gulf east to South China Sea, north to Japan, south to

northwestern Australia.


Epinephelus merra Bloch 1793 - Honeycomb

grouper



Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Epinephelus merrah.

109



Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Wake Atoll and

Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan, south to


Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia, Tonga and Rapa.



Epinephelus multinotatus (Peters, 1876) - White-

blotched grouper


by Randall & Heemstra (1991a); previously reported


Epinephelus jayakari (non Boulenger 1889);

subsequently reported by Heemstra & Randall



Choat et al. in Craig et al. (2011).

Distribution: Indian Ocean: East Africa, Madagascar

and Mascarenes north to Persian Gulf and east to

India; northern Territory (Australia) south to Shark

Bay (Western Australia).



BPBM 21212 (1), BPBM 29516 (2), BPBM 30338

(1), BPBM 30339 (1), BPBM 33124 (1), BPBM

33336 (3), USNM 148013 (2), USNM 270882 (1).

Epinephelus polylepis Randall & Heemstra, 1991 -

Smallscaled grouper


in original description by Randall & Heemstra

(1991a); subsequently reported by Heemstra &

Randall (1993), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al.

(1997b), Bishop (2003) and Bertoncini et al. in Craig

et al. (2011).


Aden, Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf east to western

India.



ZMUC P.43670 (1 paratype).

Epinephelus stoliczkae (Day, 1875) - Epaulet

grouper (Hamoor-e-lakkeh-zeytooni-e-manghoot,

Persian)


by Mahdi (1950) as Serranus stolickzae;

subsequently reported by Menon (1960), Khalaf

(1961) and Mahdi & Georg (1969).



Pakistan.

IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Epinephelus tauvina (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in

Niebuhr 1775) - Greasy grouper (Hamoor, Arabic,

Kuwait)



& Løppenthin (1944), Mahdi (1950), Khalaf (1961),


1986), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim

(1982a, b), Abu-Hakima (1987), Hussain et al.

(1988), Lee & Al-Baz (1989), Abou-Seedo (1992),

Nasir (2000), Haseli et al. (2010) and Jawad &

Ibrahim (2018a).



Mascarenes Islands east to Wake Atoll and Pitcairn

Group, north to southern Japan, south to New South

Wales (Australia), Lord Howe Island and Rapa.


Persian Gulf material: UMPT 07 (1), UMPT 09 (1). Remarks: Authorship of species name see Fricke

(2008).

Hyporthodus octofasciatus (Griffin, 1926) - Eightbar

grouper


by Heemstra & Randall (1993) as Epinephelus octofasciatus; subsequently reported by Carpenter et

al. (1997b) as Epinephelus octofasciatus and Pollard

& To in Craig et al. (2011).

Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf, Gulf

of Aden and South Africa, Madagascar and western

110


Mascarenes east to Marquesas Islands, north to

Japan, south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia),

New Caledonia, northern New Zealand, Kermadec

Islands and Tonga.


Pseudanthias conspicuus (Heemstra, 1973)



Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Somalia,

Oman and Persian Gulf east to western India.


Pseudanthias squamipinnis (Peters 1855) - Sea goldie


by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Franzia squamipinnis; subsequently reported by Krupp

(1991) and Heemstra & Akhilesh (2012).


Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar, Aldabra and

western Mascarenes east to Society Islands, north to


Caledonia, Lord Howe Island and Tonga).


Persian Gulf material: FMNH 2472 (1), UMPT 11

(6).

Pseudanthias townsendi (Boulenger, 1897) -

Townsend's anthias


by Regan (1905) as Anthias townsendi; subsequently

reported by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al.

(1997b), Heemstra & Akhilesh (2012) and Torquato

et al. (2017).


Oman and Persian Gulf.

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: FMNH 5742 (1), USNM

437213 (7), USNM 437231 (23).

Family Siganidae

Siganus canaliculatus (Park, 1797) - White-spotted

spinefoot (Safy, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Siganus oramin;

previously reported as Teuthis nebulosa (non Quoy

& Gaimard 1825) by Regan (1905); subsequently

reported by Basson et al. (1981) as Siganus oramin,

Relyea (1981) as Siganus oramin, Sivasubramaniam

& Ibrahim (1982a, b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as

Siganus oramin and S. canaliculatus, Smith & Saleh

(1987), Hussain et al. (1988), Woodland (1990),

Krupp (1991), Abou-Seedo (1992) as Siganus oramin, Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a),

Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Nasir (2000) as Siganus oramin, Bishop (2003), Taher et al. (2012), Jawad &

Ibrahim (2014, 2018a), Jawad (2017), Torquato et al.



Palau, Yap and Papua New Guinea, north to Ryukyu

Islands, south to northern Australia.


Persian Gulf material: AMS I.22415-001 (4), AMS

I.22668-001 (3), SMNS 14403 (1), UMPT 06 (1),

UMPT 08 (1), UMPT 09 (2), UMPT 12 (2), USNM

267119 (2), USNM 267134 (8). Remark: Siganus oramin (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)


Siganus javus (Linnaeus, 1766) - Streaked spinefoot

(Safi-e-modjar, Persian; Safy, Arabic, Kuwait)




(1982a) as Siganus jaavus, Sivasubramaniam &

Ibrahim (1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986),

Woodland (1990), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall

(1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003),

Dehghani (2014) and Jawad (2017) as Siganus jarvus.


Philippines and Vanuatu, north to Ryukyu and

Ogasawara islands, south to northern Australia.


Persian Gulf material: AMS I.22670-001 (2), BPBM

21286 (1), USNM 147986 (7).

111


Siganus luridus (Rüppell, 1829) - Dusky spinefoot


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Teuthis siganus;


Siganus siganus, Woodland (1990), Randall (1995a),

Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Jawad (2017).


Africa and Persian Gulf to Comores and Madagascar,

Réunion and Mauritius (western Mascarenes);



Persian Gulf material: AMS I.2267-001 (1), BPBM

33950 (2), BPBM 33951 (1).

Siganus rivulatus Forsskål & Niebuhr in Niebuhr

1775 - Marbled spinefoot


by Niebuhr in Forsskål (1775; see Fricke 2008) as

Siganus rivulatus, Scarus siganus and Scarus sidjan;

subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986).


Africa to Persian Gulf; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea

immigrant).



147989 (2), USNM 147990 (1), USNM 147991 (2),

USNM 147992 (1), USNM 147993 (3), USNM

148025 (2), USNM 196495 (2), USNM 196496 (1),

USNM 196497 (2). Family Sillaginidae

Sillago arabica McKay & McCarthy, 1989 - Arabian

sillago


in original description by McKay & McCarthy

(1989); subsequently reported by McKay (1992),



Gulf endemic.


Persian Gulf material: QM I.21763 (holotype),

AMNH 48676 (1 paratype); BMNH 1987.6.30.6 (1

paratype); BPBM 31806 (1 paratype); MNHN 1987-

1098 (1 paratype); QM I.22669-75 (25, 1, 11, 13, 6,

1, 4 paratypes); SAIAB 26877 (1 paratype); USNM

288497 (1 paratype).

Sillago attenuata McKay, 1985 - Slender sillago


in original description by McKay (1985);

subsequently reported by McKay & McCarthy

(1989), McKay (1992), Randall (1995a) and



Gulf endemic.

IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: USNM 147959 (holotype),

USNM 146598 (1 paratype); USNM 147835 (13

paratypes), USNM 207449 (3 paratypes), WAM

P.491 (2 paratypes).

Sillago sihama (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr

1775) - Silver sillago (Shoort, Persian; Hasoom,

Arabic, Kuwait)



reported by Bolster (1948) as Sillago shiams, Mahdi

(1950), Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969),



(1982b), Al-Hassan & Hussain (1985), McKay

(1985), Hussain et al. (1988, 1994), McKay &

McCarthy (1989), Abou-Seedo (1992), McKay


Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000), Zajonz et al.

(2002), Bishop (2003), Jawad & Sabighzadeh (2012),

Taher et al. (2012), Dehghani (2014) and Ziyadi et al.

(2018).


East and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and

Mascarenes east to Philippines and Solomon Islands,

north to Korea and southern Japan, south to Western

Australia, Queensland (Australia) at 21°09'S and

New Caledonia.



112


SMNS 9976 (3), SMNS 14417 (1).


(2008).

Family Sparidae

Acanthopagrus arabicus Iwatsuki, 2013 - Arabian

yellowfin seabream (Shaanak and Shanak-e-

zardbaleh, Persian; Sheim, Arabic, Kuwait)


in original description by Iwatsuki (2013); also

reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Sparus datnia (non Hamilton 1822), Mahdi & Georg (1969)

as Sparus datnia (non Hamilton 1822) and

Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn 1782),

Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn 1782), Nader & Jawdat (1977)

as Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn 1782), Relyea

(1981) as Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn 1782),


Mylio latus (non Houttuyn 1782), Hussain et al.


Lee & Al-Baz (1989) as Acanthopagrus latus (non

Houttuyn 1782), Al-Hassan (1990) as Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn 1782), Abou-Seedo (1992) as

Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn 1782), Hussain

et al. (1994, 2001) as Acanthopagrus latus (non

Houttuyn 1782), Randall (1995a) as Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn 1782), Carpenter et al. (1997b)

as Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn 1782), Nasir


Bishop (2003) as Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn

1782), Valinassab et al. (2006) as Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn 1782), Taher et al. (2012) as

Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn 1782), Nasir &

Khalid (2013) as Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn

1782), Dehghani (2014) as Acanthopagrus latus (non

Houttuyn 1782), Vahabnezhad et al. (2017) as Acanthopagrus latus (non Houttuyn 1782);

subsequently reported by Esmaeili et al. (2014) and

Doustdar et al. (2017).

Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Oman and

Persian Gulf east to western India.


Persian Gulf material: MUFS 33840 (holotype),

BPBM 21474 (2), BPBM 36100 (1), BRC 165 (1),

MTUF-P 20417 (1), MTUF-P 27224 (1), MUFS

19109 (1 paratype), MUFS 19123-19124 (2

paratypes), MUFS 19568 (1 paratype), MUFS

25800-25805 (6 paratypes), MUFS 27226 (1

paratype), MUFS 33839 (1 paratype), SMNS 14409

(1), UMPT 13 (1), USNM 147850 (3), USNM

147851 (82), USNM 147852 (10), USNM 147853

(59).

Acanthopagrus berda (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in

Niebuhr 1775) - Goldsilk seabream (Mozaizy,

Arabic, Kuwait)


by Bolster (1948); subsequently reported from

Persian Gulf by Mahdi (1950) as Sparus berda,

Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma &


(1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as

Mylio berda, Al-Hassan & Hussain (1985), Smith &

Saleh (1987), Hussain et al. (1988) as Acanthopagrud berda, Abou-Seedo (1992), Krupp & Müller (1994),


(2000) and Bishop (2003).

Distribution: Red Sea, Indian Ocean: East and South


Malaysia and near Singapore.




(2008).

Acanthopagrus bifasciatus (Forsskål in Niebuhr

1775) - Twobar seabream (Fasker, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Sparus bifasciatus; subsequently reported by Mahdi &

Georg (1969) as Sparus bifasciatus, Kuronuma &


(1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, b) as

Mylio bifasciatus, Etessami (1983), Smith & Saleh


113


Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003),

Valinassab et al. (2006), Taher et al. (2012),

Torquato et al. (2017) and Ziyadi et al. (2018).


Mozambique Channel, Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman

and Iran to Pakistan.



147854 (33), USNM 196471 (1), USNM 266730 (1),

USNM 393606 (1).

Acanthopagrus catenula (Lacepède, 1801) - Bridled

seabream


by Al-Badri & Jawad (2014).


and Oman to South Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius

and Rodriguez.


Acanthopagrus randalli Iwatsuki & Carpenter, 2009

- Randall's Black Seabream


in original description by Iwatsuki & Carpenter

(2009).


Gulf endemic.


Persian Gulf material: BPBM 33135 (holotype);

MTUF-P 27226 (1 paratype).

Acanthopagrus sheim Iwatsuki 2013 - Sheim

Seabream


in original description by Iwatsuki (2013).



IUCN: Data deficient (DD). Persian Gulf material: MUFS 33838 (holotype),

AMS B.8280 (1), BPBM 29452 (2), BPBM 33424

(5), FAKU 268-273 (6), FAKU 849 (1), FAKU 871

(1), MTUF 20419 (1), MUFS 33852-33854 (3

paratypes).

Argyrops filamentosus (Valenciennes, 1830) -

Soldierbream



by Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981) and



and South Africa and Persian Gulf to Madagascar

and western Mascarenes (Réunion, Mauritius).



226507 (1).

Argyrops spinifer (Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775) - King

soldier bream (Kupar, Persian; Andag, Arabic,

Kuwait)


by Regan (1905) as Pagrus spinifer; subsequently

reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Sparus spinifer, Mahdi (1950) as Sparus spinifer, Mahdi &


Basson et al. (1981), Relyea (1981),

Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, b), Krupp &


(1997b), Zajonz et al. (2002), Bishop (2003),

Valinassab et al. (2006), Ghanbarzadeh et al. (2014,

1027), Jawad & Ibrahim (2017b, 2018a, c) and



Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar and western

Mascarenes east to Indonesia, north to South China

Sea, south to northern Australia.




20 (10), USNM 196466 (1), USNM 267078 (1),

USNM 267106 (2), USNM 267124 (2), USNM

267139 (1).

Cheimerius nufar (Valencienes, 1830) - Santer

seabream (Nahash, Arabic, Kuwait)



114


by Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as

Dentex nufar, Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall

(1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000) and

Bishop (2003).


and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and

western Mascarenes (Réunion, Mauritius) east to

Pakistan.



SMNS 14411 (1).

Crenidens indicus Day 1873 - Karanteen seabream

(Sim-e-dandan-noma, Persian; Battanah, Arabic,

Kuwait)


by Iwatsuki & Maclaine (2013); previously reported

by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Crenidens crenidens (non Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775), Mahdi &

Georg (1969) as Crenidens crenidens (non Forsskål

in Niebuhr 1775), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as

Crenidens crenidens (non Forsskål n Niebuhr 1775),

Basson et al. (1981) as Crenidens crenidens (non

Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775), Relyea (1981) as

Crenidens crenidens (non Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775),



Krupp & Müller (1994) as Crenidens crenidens (non

Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775), Randall (1995a) as


Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Crenidens crenidens (non

Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) and Bishop (2003) as

Crenidens crenidens (non Forsskål in Niebuhr 1775).





147858 (1), USNM 148118 (1), USNM 148120 (20),

USNM 267084 (3).

Diplodus kotschyi (Steindachner, 1876) - One-spot

seabream (Mochwah, Arabic, Kuwait)


in original description by Steindachner (1876);


(1944) as Sargus noct (non Valenciennes 1830),

Khalaf (1961) as Diplodus sargus (non Linnaeus

1758), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Diplodus sargus

(non Linnaeus 1758) and D. noct (non Valenciennes

1830), Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Diplodus noct (non Valenciennes 1830), Basson et al. (1981) as

Sargus noct (non Valenciennes 1830), Relyea (1981)

as Diplodus noct (non Valenciennes 1830),


Diplodus kotoschyi, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as

Diplodus sargus (non Linnaeus 1758) and D. kotscyi, Smith & Saleh (1987) as Diplodus sargus kotschyi, Krupp (1991) as Diplodus sargus (non Linnaeus

1758), Abou-Seedo (1992) as Diplodus sargus (non

Linnaeus 1758), Krupp & Müller (1994) as Diplodus sargus kotschyi, Randall (1995a) as Diplodus sargus kotschyi, Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) as Diplodus sargus kotschyi and Bishop (2003) as Diplodus sargus kotschyi. Distribution Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian

Gulf and Oman east to India.



SMNS 14426 (1), USNM 147603 (2), USNM

147860 (1), USNM 147861 (38), USNM 147862

(19), USNM 196465 (1), USNM 393567 (1). Remarks. Raised to species level by Fricke et al.

(2016).

Pagellus affinis Boulenger, 1888 - Arabian pandora


by Bauchot & Bauchot (1983); previously reported

by Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, b) as

Pagellus sp.; subsequently reported by Kuronuma &

Abe (1986) as Pagellus natalensis (non Steindachner

1903) and Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b).


Gulf to Gulf of Aden and Somalia to Pakistan and

India.



115


Rhabdosargus haffara (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in

Niebuhr 1775) - Haffara seabream






Africa and Madagascar to Persian Gulf;

Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant; Golani

1998).



147856 (1), USNM 147859 (5), USNM 147864 (4),

USNM 147867 (1), USNM 267076 (1), USNM

267128 (7), USNM 393547 (1).


(2008).

Rhabdosargus sarba (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in

Niebuhr 1775) - Goldlined seabream


by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Rhabdoscarus sarba;

subsequently reported by Relyea (1981),


Abe (1986) as Sparus sarba, Abou-Seedo (1992),


(2003) and Taher et al. (2012).



and Mascarenes east to Philippines, north to southern




196468 (2), USNM 267081 (4), USNM 267122 (4). Remarks: Authorship of species name see Fricke

(2008).

Sparidentex belayewi Hora & Misra 1943


of Bolster (1948) as Petrus belayewi; subsequently

reported by Mahdi (1950) as Petrus belayewi, Khalaf

(1961) as Petrus belayewi, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Petrus belayewi, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Petrus

belayewi and Zajonz et al. (2002) as Petrus belayewi. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian

Gulf endemic.


Sparidentex hasta (Valenciennes, 1830) - Sobaity

seabream (Sobaity, Persian; Mozaizy, sobaity,

Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Sparus cuvieri; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Sparus cuvieri, Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as

Acanthopagrus cuvieri, Basson et al. (1981) as

Acanthopagrus cuvieri, Relyea (1981) as

Acanthopagrus cuvieri, Al-Hassan & Hussain

(1985), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Smith & Saleh

(1987), Hussain et al. (1988, 1994), Abou-Seedo

(1992) as Acanthopagrus cuvieri, Krupp & Müller

(1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a,

1997b), Nasir (2000) as Sparus hasta, Bishop (2003)

and Dehghani (2014) as Acanthopagrus cuvieri. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persian

Gulf east to India; introduced to Western Australia.



MNHN 1984-0349 (1), SMNS 14401 (1), USNM

148087 (1). Remark: Acanthopagrus cuvieri (Day, 1875) is a

junior synonym.

Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 - Gilthead seabream

Status in Persian Gulf: Introduced in Persian Gulf.

Distribution: Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, eastern

Atlantic: British Isles to Senegal, Cape Verde

Islands; introduced in Madeira; introduced

elsewhere.


Family Sphyraenidae

Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards, 1771) - Great

barracuda


by Smith & Saleh (1987); previously reported by

116


Basson et al. (1981) as Sphyraena japonica (non

Cuvier 1829); subsequently reported by Krupp &

Müller (1994), Randall et al. (1994), Carpenter et al.

(1997b) and Bishop (2003).


temperate seas, except for eastern Pacific (waifs

reaching Galápagos Archipelago).


Sphyraena flavicauda Rüppell, 1838 - Yellowtail

barracuda



Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b)

and Bishop (2003).



to Philippines and New Guinea, north to southern

Japan, south to northern Australia; Mediterranean




Sphyraena forsteri Cuvier, 1829 - Bigeye barracuda

(Kotr-e-chashm-dorosht, Persian)



Bishop (2003) as Sphyraena fosteri and Dehghani

(2014).


Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Society

and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan,

south to New Caledonia and Tonga.



Sphyraena jello Cuvier, 1829 - Pickhandle barracuda

(Kotr-e-sadeh, Persian; Edwailmy, Arabic, Kuwait)





(1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b),

Abou-Seedo (1992), Krupp & Müller (1994),

Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Taher et al.

(2012), Dehghani (2014), Naji et al. (2016), Jawad

(2017), and Torquato et al. (2017).



Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Fiji and Tonga, north

to Taiwan, south to Western Australia, New South

Wales (Australia) and New Caledonia.



Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier, 1829 - Obtuse barracuda

(Kotr-e-dahan-zard, Persian; Edwailmy, Arabic,

Kuwait)



reported by Mahdi (1950) as Sphyraena obtusus,

Menon (1960), Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as S. obtusata and S. langsar, Kuronuma &


(1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982a, 1982b),

Abou-Seedo (1992), Krupp & Müller (1994),

Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and

Dehghani (2014).


South Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and

Mascarenes east to Samoa, north to southern Japan

and Korea, south to Lord Howe Islands and New

Caledonia.



USNM 267129 (2), USNM 267135 (19), USNM

267137 (5).

Sphyraena pinguis Günther 1874 - Red barracuda


by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Sphyraena chrysotaenia.


Africa and Prsian Gulf east to Australia, north to

Japan, Korea and China; introduced into Black Sea.


117



Remarks: Sphyraena chrysotaenia Klunzinger 1884


Sphyraena putnamae Jordan & Seale, 1905 -

Sawtooth barracuda (Kotr-e-mavvaj, Persian)


by Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) as Sphyraena putnamiae; subsequently reported by Krupp et al.

(2000) as Sphyraena putnamiae, Bishop (2003) as

Sphyraena putnamiae, Taher et al. (2012) as

Sphyraena pulnamiae, Jawad (2017), Torquato et al.



Africa and Madagascar east to Fiji and Tuvalu, north

to southern Japan, south to Western Australia,




Remarks: Sphyraena bleekeri Williams 12959 is a

junior synonym.

Sphyraena qenie Klunzinger, 1870 - Blackfin

barracuda


by Carpenter et al. (1997a, b); subsequently reported

by Bishop (2003).



Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Mexico and Ecuador

(eastern Pacific), Tuamotu Archipelago and

Marquesas Islands, north to Hawaiian Islands, south

to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia), New

Caledonia, Tonga, New Zealand and Rapa.


Family Stromateidae

Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen, 1788) - Silver

pomfret (Halva sefid, Persian; Zobaidy, Arabic,

Kuwait)


by Misra (1947); previously reported by Blegvad &

Løppenthin (1944) as Stromateus cinereus (non

Bloch 1795); subsequently reported by Bolster

(1948), Mahdi (1950), Khalaf (1961), Mahdi &

Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972), Kuronuma

& Abe (1986) as Pampus argeneteus, Hussain et al.


Nasir (2000, 2016), Bishop (2003), Valinassab et al.

(2006), Nasir & Khalid (2013), Dehghani (2014) and

Jawad (2014).


Oman east to Philippines and Indonesia, north to

Japan.



UMPT 13 (1), UMPT 19 (3), UMPT 20 (1).

Pampus chinensis (Euphrasen, 1788) - Chinese silver

pomfret


by Misra (1947) as Chondroplites chinensis;

subsequently reported by Bolster (1948) as

Chondreplites chinensis, Mahdi (1950) as

Chondroplites chinensis, Khalaf (1961) as

Chondroplites chinensis, Mahdi & Georg (1969),

Kuronuma & Abe (1986) and Coad (2010).


Philipines and eastern Indonesia, north to southern

Japan.

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Family Terapontidae

Pelates quadrilineatus (Bloch, 1790) - Fourlined

terapon (Yalli-e-chahar-khat, Persian; Yemyam,

Arabic, Kuwait)




Abe (1972, 1986) as Helotes sexlineatus (non Quoy

& Gaimard 1835) and P. quadrolineatus, Basson et

al. (1981) as Helotes sexlineatus (non Quoy &

Gaimard 1835), Relyea (1981) as Helotes sexlineatus

(non Quoy & Gaimard 1835) and P. quadrilineatus,

Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Abou-Seedo

(1992), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Zajonz et al. (2002),

118


Bishop (2003) and Taher et al. (2012).


Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mauritius

(Mascarenes) east to Philippines, New Guinea and

Vanuatu, north to southern Japan, south to Western

Australia and southeastern Queensland (Australia);




(38), UMPT 07 (28), UMPT 08 (1), UMPT 10 (3),

USNM 147871 (26), USNM 148110 (1), USNM

148116 (1), USNM 266123 (16).

Terapon jarbua (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in Niebuhr,

1775) - Jarbua terapon (Yalli-e-khatkamani, Persian)



reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Therapon jarbua, Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim

(1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Carpenter et al.

(1997b), Zajonz et al. (2002), Bishop (2003), Taher

et al. (2012) and Morandinasab et al. (2014).


Africa, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (now

extinct in Réunion) east to Palau, Samoa and Tonga,


New South Wales (Australia); Mediterranean Sea

(immigrant through Suez Canal).


Persian Gulf material: SU 68598 (6), USNM 147601

(2), USNM 147836 (1), USNM 147868 (7), USNM

147869 (3), USNM 148109 (3).


(2008).

Terapon puta Cuvier, 1829- Small-scaled terapon

(Zamrool, Arabic, Kuwait)



reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Autisthes puta,


Relyea (1981), Hussain et al. (1988), Abou-Seedo



(2003), Taher et al. (2012) and Ziyadi et al. (2018).



Philippines, south to Western Australia and

Queensland (Australia); Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea

immigrant).



(7), UMPT 07 (1), UMPT 15 (22), USNM 147870

(21).

Terapon theraps Cuvier, 1829 - Largescaled terapon

(Theeb, Arabic, Kuwait)



reported by Mahdi (1950) as Therapon theraps,

Menon (1960) as Therapon theraps, Khalaf (1961) as

Therapon theraps, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Eutherapon theraps, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986),

Relyea (1981), Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall

(1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Zajonz et al. (2002)

and Bishop (2003).

Distribution: Red Sea and Indo-West Pacific: East


Philippines and Rotuma, south to Western Australia

and Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia,

north to Ryukyu Islands and southern Japan;

Mediterranean Sea (immigrant through Suez Canal).



UMPT 13 (1), UMPT 15 (3), UMPT 19 (4), USNM

147825 (1).

Family Trichiuridae

Eupleurogrammus glossodon (Bleeker, 1860) -

Longtooth hairtail


by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Eupleurogrammus intermedius; subsequently reported by Randall


Jawad (2017).


119


Oman east to Indonesia.



(2), UMPT 16 (1), UMPT 17 (4).

Remarks: Trichiurus intermedius Gray 1831 is a

junior synonym.

Eupleurogrammus muticus (Gray, 1831) - Smallhead

hairtail


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Trichiurus muticus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Trichurus muticus, Kuronuma & Abe

(1986), Abou-Seedo (1992) as Trichiurus muticus,


(2000), Bishop (2003), Eighani et al. (2013),

Dehghani (2014) and Jawad (2017).


Oman east to Indonesia, north to Korea.



Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, 1758 - Largehead

hairtail (Yaal-asbi-e-sar-bozorg, Persian; Ea'sabah,

Arabic, Kuwait)


by Menon (1960) as Trichiurus haumela;

subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as Trichiurus haumela, Khalaf (1961) as Trichiurus haumela,

Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Trichurus haumela,

Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Trichiurus haumela,

Relyea (1981) as Trichiurus haumela, Kuronuma &

Abe (1986), Hussain et al. (1988, 1994), Krupp &


(2003), Valinassab et al. (2006), Nasir & Khalid

(2013) as Triehiurus lepturus, Dehghani (2014) and

Jawad (2017).


temperate seas.



UMPT 15 (2), UMPT 16 (2).

Family Trichonotidae

Trichonotus arabicus Randall & Tarr, 1994 - Arabian

sand diver


in original description by Randall & Tarr (1994);


as Trichonotus setigerus (non Bloch & Schneider

1801), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Trichonotus setiger (non Bloch & Schneider 1801), Kuronuma & Abe

(1986) as Trichonotus setigerus (non Bloch

&Schneider 1801), Krupp & Müller (1994) as

Trichonotus sp.; subsequently reported by Randall

(1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Katayama & Endo

(2010) and Katayama et al. (2012).


Gulf to southern Oman.



BMNH 1993.10.7.1 (6 paratypes), BPBM 33115 (1

paratype), BPBM 33142 (1 paratype), BPBM 33146

(1 paratype), BPBM 33236 (1 paratype), CAS 80524

(1 paratype), SAIAB 42715 (2 paratypes), SMF

26994 (2 paratypes), SNMNH F50 (2 paratypes),

USNM 326971 (1 paratype), ZMUC P.6234 (1

paratype).

Family Tripterygiidae

Enneapterygius pusillus Rüppell, 1835 - Highcrest

triplefin



Müller (1994), Randall (1995c), Carpenter et al.

(1997b), Holleman (2005) and Jawad et al. (2010).


and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman

east to southern India.



Enneapterygius ventermaculus Holleman, 1982 -

Blotched triplefin



120



Distribution: Southern Red Sea, western Indian

Ocean: East and South Africa, Persian Gulf and Gulf

of Oman east to Pakistan.


Helcogramma steinitzi Clark, 1980 - Red triplefin


by Randall (1995c); previously reported by Krupp &

Müller (1994) as Helcogramma sp.; subsequently

reported by Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al.

(1997b).


Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf.


Persian Gulf material: BPBM 30920 (4). BPBM

33295 (1).

Family Uranoscopidae

Uranoscopus dollfusi Brüss, 1987 - Dollfus' stargazer

(Oranoos-mahi, Persian)


by Randall (1995a); previously reported by Blegvad

& Løppenthin (1944) as Uranoscopus guttatus (non

Cuvier 1829), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Uranoscopus guttatus (non Cuvier 1829), Kuronuma

& Abe (1986) as Uranoscopus guttatus (non Cuvier

1829); subsequently reported by Carpenter et al.

(1997b).



IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Family Xenisthmidae

Xenisthmus balius Gill & Randall, 1994 - Freckled

wriggler


in original description by Gill & Randall (1994);




Gulf endemic.



AMNH 97301 (1 paratype), AMS I.34236-001 (1

paratype), BMNH 1993.9.25.1 (1 paratype), BPBM

33308 (2 paratypes), BPBM 33353 (3 paratypes),


Order PLEURONECTIFORMES

Family Bothidae

Arnoglossus aspilos (Bleeker, 1851) - Spotless

lefteye flounder





Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Fricke et al. (2017).


Philippines and New Guinea, north to Taiwan, south

to Queensland (Australia).




16 (5), UMPT 18 (16), UMPT 19 (4), UMPT 20 (1).

Arnoglossus macrolophus Alcock 1889 - Drab

flounder


by Fricke et al. (2017); previously reported by

Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Arnoglossus tapeinosoma (non Bleeker 1865), Randall (1995a) as

Arnoglossus tapeinosoma (non Bleeker 1865) and

Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Arnoglossus tapeinosoma

(non Bleeker 1865).


Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to Philippines and




Bothus pantherinus (Rüppell, 1830) - Leopard

flounder (Khofaah, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Pseudorhombus pantherinus; subsequently reported by Kuronuma &

121



& Ibrahim (1982b), Krupp & Müller (1994),

Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Jawad &

Al-Badri (2015) and Ziyadi et al. (2018).



and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands, Marquesas

Islands and Society Islands, north to southern Japan

and Ogasawara Islands, south to New Caledonia and

Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island.



USNM 375632 (1).

Engyprosopon grandisquama (Temminck &

Schlegel 1846) - Largescale flounder




Africa and Pwersian Gulf east to Philippines, north to





Grammatobothus polyophthalmus (Bleeker, 1865) -

Threespot flounder



by Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al. (1997b).



northern Australia.



Laeops guentheri Alcock, 1890 - Günther's flounder



reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969), Relyea (1981) as

Laeops guntheri, Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Randall



Philipines and Indonesia.


Laeops parviceps Günther 1880 - Smallheaded

flounder


based on USNM 362501 (1) from off Bahrain

(specimen identified by K. Amaoka).

Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic Ocean; Indo-

West Pacific: Persian Gulf; Vietnam east to

Philippines and New Guinea, north to Taiwan, south

to northern Australia.



Family Citharidae

Brachypleura novaezeelandiae Günther, 1862 -

Yellow-dabbled flounder



by Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall (1995a) and




China, south to northern Australia.



Family Cynoglossidae

Cynoglossus arel (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) -

Largescale tonguesole (Zabangavi-e-doroshtpoolak,

Persian; Lessan-althor, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Menon (1977); previously reported by Blegvad &

Løppenthin (1944) as Cynoglossus macrolepidotus

(non Bleeker 1851), Bolster (1948) as Cynoglossus lingva (non Hamilton 1822), Khalaf (1961) as

Cynoglossus lingua (non Hamilton 1822), Mahdi &

Georg (1969) as Cynoglossus macrolepidotus (non

Bleeker 1851), Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as

Cynoglossus macrolepidotus (non Bleeker 1851),

Relyea (1981), Al-Hassan & Hussain (1985) as

Cynoglossus macrolepidotus (non Bleeker 1851) and

122


C. arel; subsequently reported by Kuronuma & Abe

(1986), Hussain et al. (1988, 1994), Randall (1995a),

Carpenter et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000), Bishop

(2003), Ali et al. (2014b), Dehghani (2014), Ghaffari



Indonesia, north to southern Japan.




16 (8), UMPT 17 (3), UMPT 18 (3), UMPT 19 (7).

Cynoglossus bilineatus (Lacepède, 1802) - Fourlined

tonguesole (Zabangavi-e-chaharkhat, Persian)




Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Pouladi

et al. (2018).

Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: East



northern Australia.



Cynoglossus carpenteri Alcock, 1889 - Hooked

tonguesole


by Menon (1977); subsequently reported by Randall

(1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Cynoglossus carpentieri and Bishop (2003) as Cynoglossus carpentieri. Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf

east to India.



Cynoglossus kopsii (Bleeker, 1851) - Shortheaded

tonguesole


by Menon (1977) as Cynoglossus kopsi; previously

reported by Menon (1960) as Cynoglossus sealarki

(non Regan 1908), Khalaf (1961) as Cynoglossus sealarki (non Regan 1908), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Cynoglossus sealarki (non Regan 1908);


Cynoglossus kopsi, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as

Cynoglossus kopsi, Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et

al. (1997b).


Madagascar east to Philippines and New Guinea,





20 (12), ZMUC uncat. (1), ZSI uncat. (1).

Cynoglossus puncticeps (Richardson, 1846) -

Speckled tonguesole





Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Pesian Gulf east to

Philippines and New Guinea, north to South China

Sea, south to northwestern Australia.

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Paraplagusia bilineata (Bloch 1787) - Doublelined

tonguesole


by Bishop (2003).



and Mascarenes (Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to




Family Paralichthyidae

Pseudorhombus arsius (Hamilton, 1822) - Largetooth

flounder (Khofaah, Arabic, Kuwait)



& Løppenthin (1944), Menon (1960), Khalaf (1961),

123



1986), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim

(1982b), Hussain et al. (1988), Abou-Seedo (1992),


et al. (1997b), Nasir (2000), Bishop (2003) and

Dehghani (2014).


Africa and Persian Gulf east to Marshall Islands and

Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to New South

Wales (Australia).



(3), UMPT 10 (4), UMPT 11 (1), UMPT 16 (3),

UMPT 19 (1), UMPT 20 (3), USNM 375485 (1).

Pseudorhombus elevatus Ogilby, 1912 - Deep

flounder (Kafshak-e-por-lakkeh, Persian)





Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003), Hosseini et

al. (2013) and Pouladi et al. (2018).






Pseudorhombus javanicus (Bleeker, 1853) - Javan

flounder




(1981), Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986),



New Guinea, north to southern China.


Pseudorhombus malayanus Bleeker, 1865 - Malayan

flounder



reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Carpenter et

al. (1997b) and Bishop (2003).


Philippines.


Family Psettodidae

Psettodes erumei (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) - Indian

halibut (Kafshak-e-tiz-dandan, Persian; Khofaah,

Arabic, Kuwait)



& Løppenthin (1944), Mahdi (1950) as Psettodes eromei, Mahdi & Georg (1969), Kuronuma & Abe

(1972, 1986), Relyea (1981), Hussain et al. (1988),


(2003), Valinassab et al. (2006), Hosseini et al.



Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mauritius

(Mascarenes) east to Philippines, north to southern

Japan, south to Perth (Western Australia) and




Family Soleidae

Aesopia cornuta Kaup, 1858 - Unicorn sole



by Relyea (1981) and Haseli et al. (2010).



Indonesia, north to southern Japan, south to northern

Western Australia.



Brachirus orientalis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) -

Oriental sole (Kafshak-e-gerd, Persian)



124


reported by Misra (1947) as Synaptura orientalis,

Bolster (1948), Mahdi (1950), Khalaf (1961) as

Synaptura orientalis, Mahdi & Georg (1969), Basson

et al. (1981) as Euryglossa orientalis, Relyea (1981)

as Synaptura orientalis, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim

(1982b) as Synaptura orientalis, Al-Hassan &

Hussain (1985) as Synaptura orientalis, Kuronuma &

Abe (1986) as Synaptura orientalis, Hussain et al.

(1988) as Euryglossa orientalis, Abou-Seedo (1992)

as Synaptura orientalis, Hussain et al. (1994) as

Euryglossus orientalis, Randall (1995a) as

Euryglossa orientalis, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as

Euryglossa orientalis, Nasir (2000) as Euryglossa orientalis, Zajonz et al. (2002), Bishop (2003) as

Euryglossa orientalis as Euryglossa orientalis,

Hosseini et al. (2013), Nasir & Khalid (2013) as

Synoptura orientalis, Dehghani (2014) as Euryglossa orientalis, Jawad & Ibrahim (2017b, 2018c) as

Euryglossa orientalis) and Ziyadi et al. (2018) as

Euryglossus orientalis.


Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to Philippines,



Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14421 (1), SMNS

14429 (1), USNM 148018 (1), USNM 148093 (1).

Dagetichthys commersonnii (Lacepède, 1802) -

Commerson's sole


by Bishop (2003) as Synaptura commersonniana.


Seychelles, Mauritius (Mascarenes) and Persian Gulf

east to Indonesia, north to Taiwan.


Pardachirus marmoratus (Lacepède, 1802) - Finless

sole (Mezlak, Arabic, Kuwait)





(1981), Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Krupp

& Müller (1994), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al.

(1997b), Bishop (2003), Randall & Johnson (2007)

and Taher et al. (2012).


and South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and

Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Sri Lanka.


Persian Gulf material: BPBM 29534 (3), UMPT 06

(1), UMPT 09 (1).

Solea elongata Day, 1877 - Elongate sole (Kafshak-

e-riz, Persian)



reported by Mahdi (1950), Mahdi & Georg (1969),

Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986), Abou-

Seedo (1992), Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al.

(1997b), Nasir (2000), Bishop (2003), Dehghani

(2014) as Solea elongate and Pouladi et al. (2018).

Distribution: Red Sea, northern Indian Ocean:

Persian Gulf east to Sri Lanka and western Bay of

Bengal, India.




19 (17).

Solea stanalandi Randall & McCarthy, 1989 -

Stanaland's sole


in original description by Randall & McCarthy

(1989); previously reported by Nader & Jawdat

(1977) as Solea heinii (non Steindachner 1903),

Relyea (1981) as Solea heinii (non Steindachner

1903); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) and



Gulf endemic.



BRC 169 (1), BRC 170 (1), USNM 196475 (7),


125


Zebrias captivus Randall, 1995 - Convict zebra sole






Gulf endemic.




Zebrias quagga (Kaup, 1858) - Fringefin zebra sole




Madagascar, Gulf of Aden and Persian Gulf east to

Philippines, north to southern China, south to

northern Australia.



Zebrias synapturoides (Jenkins, 1910) - Indian zebra

sole



by Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b) and

Bishop (2003).


Oman east to Papua New Guinea.



Order SCORPAENIFORMES

Family Apistidae

Apistus carinatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) -

Ocellated waspfish (Zanboor-mahi-e-khal-chashmi,

Persian; Eshnainow, Arabic, Kuwait)




Abe (1972, 1986), Relyea (1981), Krupp & Müller




Philippines and Papua (Indonesia), north to Bonin

(Ogasawara Islands), south to Western Australia and

New South Wales (Australia).



UMPT 12 (1), UMPT 19 (1).

Family Dactylopteridae

Dactyloptena gilberti Snyder, 1909


by Eschmeyer (1997).

Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific: Somalia,

Oman and Persian Gulf east to Gulf of Thailand,

north to southern Japan.


Persian Gulf material: BPBM 21179 (1); USNM

267094 (1).

Dactyloptena orientalis (Cuvier, 1829) - Oriental

flying gurnard


by Mahdi (1950) as Dactylopterus orientalis;

subsequently reported by Menon (1960), Khalaf


(1986), Krupp & Müller (1994) and Carpenter et al.

(1997b).


East Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and


Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara


Wales (Australia), New Zealand, New Caledonia,

Tonga and Rapa.


Family Platycephalidae

Cociella crocodilus (Cuvier, 1829) - Crocodile

flathead


by Dehghani (2014) as Cociella crocodile.


126


South Africa and Persian Gulf east to Solomon

Islands, north to southern Japan, south to New

Caledonia.


Grammoplites scaber (Linnaeus, 1758) - Rough

flathead


by Khalaf (1961) as Platycephalus scaber; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969),



Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Oman and Persian

Gulf east to Philippines, north to Taiwan.



(5), UMPT 14 (1), UMPT 15 (4), UMPT 16 (17),

UMPT 17 (13), UMPT 18 (2), UMT 19 (27), UMPT

20 (16).

Grammoplites suppositus (Troschel, 1840) - Spotfin

flathead (Zaminkan-e-khalbaleh, Persian)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Platycephalus maculipinna; subsequently reported by Mahdi &

Georg (1969) as Platycephalus maculipinna, Relyea

(1981) as Platycephalus maculipinna,

Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as

Platycephalus maculipinna, Kuronuma & Abe (1986)

as Platycephalus maculipinna, Abou-Seedo (1992) as

Platycephalus maculipinna, Krupp & Müller (1994),

Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Valinassab


Distribution: Indian Ocean: Somalia and Persian

Gulf east to Sri Lanka.


Remarks: Platycephalus maculipinna Regan 1905 is

a junior synonym.

Grammoplites vittatus Valenciennes 1833 - Striped

flathead


Gulf, based on USNM 196483 (1), USNM 196484

(1) from Saudi Arabia and USNM 327195 (2),

USNM 404967 (1) from Kuwait.

Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Persisn

Gulf east to western India.



196484 (1), USNM 327195 (2), USNM 404967 (1).

Kumococius rodericensis (Cuvier, 1829) - Spiny

flathead


by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Repotrudis rodericensis and Kumococius detrusus; subsequently

reported by Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al.

(1997b).

Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Gulf of Oman,

Persian Gulf and western Mascarenes east to


northern Australia.



Remarks: Insidiator detrusus Jordan & Seale 1905 is

a junior synonym.

Platycephalus indicus (Linnaeus, 1758) - Bartail

flathead (Zaminkan-e-dom-navari, Persian;

Ewharah, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Bolster (1948) as Platicefalus indicus;

subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950), Khalaf

(1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Thysanophrys indicus, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Basson et

al. (1981), Relyea (1981), Sivasubramaniam &

Ibrahim (1982b), Hussain et al. (1988, 1994), Abou-

Seedo (1992), Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et

al. (1997b), Nasir (2000), Zajonz et al. (2002),

Bishop (2003), Valinassab et al. (2006), Taher et al.

(2012), Nasir & Khalid (2013), Dehghani (2014),

Mousavi-Sabet et al. (2015), Moravec et al. (2016)



South Africa and Persian Gulf east to Philippines and


127


northwestern Australia and New South Wales

(Australia); Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant).



147597 (2), USNM 148078 (10), USNM 148079 (2),

USNM 148080 (4).

Rogadius pristiger (Cuvier, 1829) - Thorny flathead










UMPT 12 (1).

Rogadius tuberculatus (Cuvier, 1829) - Tuberculated

flathead


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Platycephalus tuberculatus; subsquently reported by Mahdi &

Georg (1969) as Suggrundus tuberculatus, Basson et

al. (1981) as Platycephalus tuberculatus, Relyea

(1981) as Platycephalus tuberculatus, Kuronuma &

Abe (1986) as Sorsogona tuberculata, Bishop (2003),

Randall (1995a) as Sorsogona tuberculate and

Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) as Sorsogona tuberculata.


Persian Gulf east to Philippines, south to northern

Australia.



UMPT 10 (1).

Sorsogona prionota (Sauvage, 1873) - Halfspined

flathead





Africa, Persian Gulf and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east

to Pakistan; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant).


Thysanophrys celebica (Bleeker, 1855) - Celebes

flathead


by Randall et al. (1994) as Thyanophrys celebicus;


et al. (1997b) as Thyanophrys celebicus and Bishop

(2003) as Thyanophrys celebicus.


Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to Solomon

Islands, north to Taiwan, south to northern Australia.

IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1994.1.18.9 (1),

BPBM 29502 (14), BPBM 33231 (2). Family Scorpaenidae

Brachypterois serrulifer Fowler 1938 - Sawcheek

scorpionfish

Status in Persian Gulf: Reported by Krupp et al.

(2000) as Brachypterois serrulata (non Richardson

1846).


Madagascar, Oman and Persian Gulf east to


northern Australia.


Persian Gulf material: SMF 26001 (1). Pterois miles (Bennett, 1828) - Devil firefish

(Deyayah, Arabic, Kuwait)




Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986) as Pterois volitans

(non Linnaeus 1758), Basson et al. (1981) as Pterois volitans (non Linnaeus 1758), Relyea (1981) as

Pterois volitans (non Linnaeus 1758),

Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Pterois volitans (non Linnaeus 1758), Krupp & Müller

(1994) as Pterois volitans (non Linnaeus 1758),

128


Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop




Mascarenes east to Indonesia; Mediterranean Sea

(Red Sea immigrant); invasive in the Western

Atlantic.


Persian Gulf material: CAS 55221 (4), USNM

265952 (1).

Pterois radiata Cuvier 1829 - Radial firefish


by Jawad (2016a); previously reported by Blegvad &

Løppenthin (1944) as Pterois cincta (non Rüppell

1838), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Pterois cincta (non

Rüppell 1838) and Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as

Pterois cincta (non Rüppell 1838).


Africa and Persian Gulf east to southern Japan,

Marshall Islands, northern Line Islands and

Marquesas Islands, south to Western Australia,

Queensland (Australia), New Caledonia and Tonga.


Pterois russelii Bennett, 1831 - Plaintail turkeyfish

(Khoroos-e-darya, Persian)


by Regan (1905) as Pterois russellii; subsequently

reported by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Pterois russelli, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Pterois russelli, Relyea (1981) as Pterois russelli, Kuronuma & Abe

(1986) as Pterois russellii, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as

Pterois russellii and Bishop (2003).


East Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mauritius

(Mascarenes) east to Philippines and New Guinea,

south to Western Australia, Queensland (Australia)

and New Caledonia.


Scorpaenopsis barbata (Rüppell, 1838) - Bearded

scorpionfish


by Randall (1995a) as Scorpaenopsis barbatus;

subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997a,

1997b) as Scorpaenopsis barbatus, Randall &

Eschmeyer (2001) and Bishop (2003) as

Scorpaenopsis barbatus.


Somalia to Persian Gulf.



33358 (2), BPBM 38787 (1), SMF 28600 (1), WAM

P.25971-003 (1).

Scorpaenopsis lactomaculata (Herre, 1945) -

Whiteblotched scorpionfish





Gulf to India.


Scorpaenopsis oxycephala (Bleeker 1849) - Tassled

scorpionfish


by Randall & Eschmeyer (2001).


Africa, South Africa and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east

to Palau and New Guinea, north to Philippines,

southern Japan, south to Timor Sea (northern

Australia).


Persian Gulf material: BPBM 38786 (1). Scorpaenopsis venosa (Cuvier, 1829) - Raggy

scorpionfish


by Randall (1995a); previously reported by Regan

(1905) as Scorpaena cirrhosa (non Thunberg 1793);


as Scorpaenopsis gibbosa (non Bloch & Schneider

1801) and S. cirrhosa (non Thunberg 1793), Krupp &

Müller (1994) as Scorpaenopsis cf. venosa,

129


Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Krupp et al. (2000).


South Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles and

Madagascar east to Philippines and New Guinea,

north to Japan, south to New Caledonia and

Australia.



Family Synanceiidae

Choridactylus multibarbus Richardson, 1848 -

Orangebanded stingfish



reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Choridactylus multibarbis, Relyea (1981) as Choridactylum multibarbis, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as

Choridactylus multibarbis, Krupp & Müller (1994) as

Choridactylus multibarbatus, Randall (1995a),



Gulf east to Philippines, north to Taiwan.


Minous dempsterae Eschmeyer, Hallacher & Rama-

Rao, 1979 - Obliquebanded stingfish (Gazandeh-

mahi, Persian)


by Jawad (2017).




Minous monodactylus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) -

Grey stingfish (Firyalah, Arabic, Kuwait)




Abe (1972, 1986), Eschmeyer et al. (1979), Relyea


Bishop (2013) and Jawad (2017).



and Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Indonesia, north

to Japan and south to New Caledonia.



Pseudosynanceia melanostigma Day, 1875 - Blackfin

stonefish (Sang-mahi-e-khal-syah, Persian; Firyalah,

Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Leptosynanceia melanostigma; subsequently reported by Mahdi

(1950) as Leptosynanceia melanostigma, Khalaf

(1961) as Leptosynanceia melanostigma, Mahdi &

Georg (1969) as Leptosynanceia melanostigma,

Kuronuma & Abe (1972) as Leptosynanceja melanostigma, Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao (1973),

Basson et al. (1981) as Leptosynanceja melanostigma, Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe

(1986), Hussain et al. (1988), Abou-Seedo (1992),

Hussain et al. (1994) as Psudosynanceia melanostigma, Krupp & Müller (1994), Randall

(1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b), Zajonz et al. (2002)

and Bishop (2003).


Gulf and Gulf of Oman east to India.

IUCN: Not Evaluated (NE). Persian Gulf material: SMNS 14395 (3), USNM

196472 (1).

Synanceia nana Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao, 1973 - Red

Sea stonefish

Status in Persian Gulf: Reported from Persian Gulf in

original description by Eschmeyer & Rama-Rao

(1973); subsequently reported by Randall (1995a),

Carpenter et al. (1997b) and Jawad (2016a).


Persian Gulf.


Persian Gulf material: AMNH 18385 (1 paratype).

Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider, 1801 -

Stonefish


130



Kuronuma & Abe (1986) and Carpenter et al.

(1997b).



Mascarenes east to Marshall, Tuamotu and Gambier

islands, north to southern Japan, south to Western

Australia, Queensland (Australia), Middleton Reef,

New Caledonia, Tonga and Austral Islands.


Family Tetrarogidae

Pseudovespicula dracaena (Cuvier, 1829) - Draco

waspfish


by Randall (1995a) as Vespicula dracaene;


Vespicula dracaene.

Distribution: Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf to India and

Sri Lanka.



Family Triglidae

Lepidotrigla bispinosa Steindachner, 1898 - Bullhorn

gurnard (Khoroosak-e-shakh-gavi, Persian)


by Randall (1995a); previously reported by Blegvad

& Løppenthin (1944) as Lepidotrigla omanensis (non

Regan 1905), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Lepidotrigla omanensis (non Regan 1905), Kuronuma & Abe

(1986) as Lepidotrigla omanensis (non Regan 1905);



Somalia and Persian Gulf east to western India.



Lepidotrigla faurei Gilchrist &Thompson, 1914 -

Scalybreast gurnard


by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Lepidotrigla faueri; subsequently reported by Krupp et al. (2000).


Africa to Madagascar; Persian Gulf.


Persian Gulf material: MTUF 20133 (2), MTUF

25254 (2), SMF 28605 (3).

Lepidotrigla spiloptera Günther, 1880 - Spotwing

gurnard


by Randall (1995a); previously reported by

Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Lepidotrigla sp.



Philippines, noth to Taiwan, south to Queensland

(Australia).



Order SILURIFORMES

Family Ariidae

Netuma bilineata (Valenciennes, 1840) - Bronze

catfish


by Al-Hassan et al. (1988) as Arius bilineatus;

subsequently reported by Abou-Seedo (1992) as

Arius bilineatus, Randall (1995a) as Arius bilineatus,

Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Arius bilineatus, Jawad




Guinea, north to southern China, south to northern

Australia.


Netuma thalassina (Rüppell, 1837) - Giant catfish

(Gorbeh-mahi-e-bozorg, Persian; Chimh, Arabic,

Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Arius thalassinus; subsequently reported by Misra (1947)

as Tachysurus thalassinus, Bolster (1948) as Arius thalassinus, Mahdi (1950) as Tachysurus thalassinus,

Menon (1960) as Tachysurus thalassinus, Khalaf

131


(1961) as Tachysurus thalassinus, Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Tachysurus thalassinus, Kuronuma & Abe

(1972, 1986) as Arius thalassinus, Relyea (1981) as

Arius thalassinus, Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim

(1982b) as Arius thalassinus, Al-Hassan et al. (1988),

Hussain et al. (1988, 1994) as Arius thalassinus,

Krupp & Müller (1994) as Arius thalassinus, Randall

(1995a) as Arius thalassinus, Carpenter et al. (1997b)

as Arius thalassinus, Nasir (2000) as Arius thalassinus, Valinassab et al. (2006) as Arius thalassinus, Dehghani (2014) as Arius thalassinus

and Jawad (2016a, 2017).

Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-West Pacific; East


southern China, south to Queensland (Australia).



SMNS 14380 (3), UMPT 02 (3), UMPT 14 (1),

UMPT 19 (2), USNM 196476 (1), USNM 297116

(1).

Plicofollis dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1840) -

Blacktip sea catfish (Gorbeh-mahi-e-Khaki, Persian)


by Al-Hassan et al. (1988) as Arius dussumieri; subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b) as

Arius dussumieri, Valinassab et al. (2006) as Arius dussumieri and Dehghani (2014) as Arius dussumieri. Distribution: Red Sea, Indian Ocean: East Africa,

Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to western

Indonesia.


Plicofollis tenuispinis (Day, 1877) - Thinspine sea

catfish


by Al-Hassan et al. (1988) as Arius tenuispinis;

subsequently reported by Randall (1995a) as Arius tenuispinis, Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Arius tenuispinis, Zajonz et al. (2002) as Arius tenuispinis

and Valinassab et al. (2006) as Arius tenuispinis.

Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: East Africa and

Persian Gulf east to western Malaysia.


Family Plotosidae

Plotosus lineatus (Thunberg, 1787) - Striped eel

catfish


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Plotosus anguillaris; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950)

as Plotosus anguillaris, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Plotosus anguillaris, Nader & Jawdat (1977) as

Plotosus anguillaris, Basson et al. (1981) as Plotosus anguillaris, Relyea (1981) as Plotosus anguillaris,

Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as Plotosus anguillaris, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Plotosus anguillaris, Abou-Seedo (1992) as Plotosus anguillaris, Krupp & Müller (1994), Carpenter et al.

(1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Taher et al. (2012),

Dehghani (2014) and Jawad (2016a).



and Mascarenes east to Samoa and Tonga, north to

southern Korea, southern Japan and Ogasawara

Islands, south to Western Australia at 32°S, Lord

Howe Island and New Caledonia; eastern



Persian Gulf material: BRC 149 (1), USNM 147843

(1), USNM 147844 (1), USNM 196508 (2), USNM

196509 (1), USNM 196510 (1).

Order SYNGNATHIFORMES

Family Centriscidae

Centriscus scutatus Linnaeus, 1758 - Grooved razor-

fish (Maygoo-mahi, Persian)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944); previously

reported by Regan (1905) as Amphisile strigata (non

Günther 1861); subsquently reported by Mahdi &


Relyea (1981), Randall (1995a) and Carpenter et al.

(1997b).

132



Gulf east to New Guinea, north to southern Japan,

south to New South Wales (Australia) and New

Caledonia.

IUCN: Least Concern (LC). Persian Gulf material: UMPT 15 (1), UMPT 19 (1),

USNM 196660 (1), USNM 267075 (1).

Family Fistulariidae

Fistularia commersonii Rüppell, 1838 - Bluespotted

cornetfish


by Richards et al. (2008); subsequently reported by


Distribution: Southeastern Atlantic: Ascension

Island; Red Sea, Indo-Pacific: East and South Africa,

Persian Gulf, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to

Mexico and Panama, north to southern Japan,

Ogasawara Islands and Hawaiian Islands, south to

Western Australia at 19°09'S, New Caledonia, New

Zealand and Rapa; Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea

immigrant).


Fistularia petimba Lacepède, 1803 - Red cornetfish

(Lablooleh-mahi-e-ghahvahei, Persian; Hakool,

Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Fistularia villosa; subsequently recorded by Mahdi & Georg

(1969) as Fistularia villosa, Kuronuma & Abe (1972,

1986) as Fistularia villosa, Sivasubramaniam &

Ibrahim (1982b) as Fistularia villosa, Krupp &


(2003) and Dabbagh et al. (2011).

Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical seas, but not in

eastern Pacific; eastern Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea

immigrant).



(3). Remark: Fistularia villosa (Klunzinger, 1871) is a

junior synonym.

Family Syngnathidae

Remarks: Ichthyocampus townsendi Duncker 1915

was erroneously reported in original description by

Duncker (1915) to occur in Persian Gulf; however,

the material originated from the Mekran coast and

northwestern Indian Ocean.

Acentronura mossambica Smith 1963 - Western

Indian Ocean pygmy pipehorse

Status in Persian Gulf: Reported by Dawson (1985)

as Acentronura (Acentronua) tentaculata (non

Günther 1870), Krupp & Müller (1994) as

Acentronura tentaculata (non Günther 1870), Randall

(1995a) as Acentronura tentaculata (non Günther

1870), Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Acentronura tentaculata (non Günther 1870) and Edwin (2012) as

Acentronura tentaculata (non Günther 1870).

Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: East Africa to

Madagascar and Persian Gulf.


Bryx analicarens (Duncker, 1915) - Pink pipefish


in original description by Duncker (1915) as

Syngnathus analicarens; subsequrntly reported by

Dawson (1981a), Relyea (1981) as Syngnathus analicarens, Dawson (1985), Randall (1995a) and


Distribution: Southern Red Sea, Western Indian

Ocean: East Africa, Seychelles and Madagascar east

to Gulf of Oman and Persian Gulf.


Persian Gulf material: BMNH 1911.2.23.70 (1), CAS

20751 (1), CAS 39749 (2), GCRL 16765 (1), GCRL

15766 (1), USNM 147814 (11), USNM 147918 (12),

USNM 147919 (2), USNM 147920 (1), USNM

147921 (1), USNM 147922 (2), USNM 147923 (1).

Choeroichthys brachysoma (Bleeker, 1855) - Short-

bodied pipefish


by Krupp & Müller (1994) and Randall et al. (1994);

subsequently reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b)

133



Africa and Persian Gulf east to Marshall and Society

islands, north to Philippines, south to eastern

Australia, Fiji and Samoa.


33393 (4).

Corythoichthys haematopterus (Bleeker, 1851) -

Messmate pipefish



by Richards et al. (2008).


Gulf, Seychelles, Aldabra, Madagascar and

Mascarenes east to Palau and Vanuatu, north to

southern Japan and Taiwan, south to northwestern



Cosmocampus investigatoris (Hora, 1926) -

Investigator pipefish


by Dawson (1981a) as Syngnathus investigatoris;

subsequently reported by Dawson (1985) and


Distribution: Northern Indian Ocean: Persian Gulf to

Andaman Sea.


164343 (1); USNM 219566 (1).

Doryrhamphus excisus Kaup, 1856 - Bluestripe

pipefish


by Dawson (1981b) as Doryrhamphus excisus excisus; subsequently reported by Dawson (1985) as

Doryrhamphus excisus excisus, Krupp & Müller

(1994), Randall (1995a) as Doryrhamphus excisus excisus, Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) as Doryrhamphus excisus excisus and Bishop (2003).

Distribution: Indo-Pacific: East Africa, Comoros,

Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Mexico, north to

Ryukyu, Ogasawara and Hawaiian islands, south to

Western Australia and southern Great Barrier Reef

(Queensland).



Halicampus zavorensis Dawson 1984 - Zavora

pipefish


by Ziyadi et al. (2018).

Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Mozambique to

Persian Gulf.


Hippocampus borboniensis Duméril 1870 - Spotted

seahorse

Status in Persian Gulf: Reported by Kuronuma &

Abe (1972, 1986) as Hippocampus kuda (non

Bleeker 1852), Basson et al. (1981) as Hippocampus kuda (non Bleeker 1852), Relyea (1981) as

Hippocampus kuda (non Bleeker 1852), Al-Hassan

& Al-Badri (1986) as Hippocampus kuda (non

Bleeker 1852), Hussain et al. (1988) as Hippocamcus kuda (non Bleeker 1852), Krupp & Müller (1994) as

Hippocampus kuda (non Bleeker 1852), Carpenter et

al. (1997b) as Hippocampus kuda (non Bleeker

1852), Bishop (2003) as Hippocampus kuda (non

Bleeker 1852), Lourie et al. (2004) as Hippocampus fuscus (non Rüppell 1838) and H. kelloggi (non

Jordan & Snyder 1901) and Lourie et al. (2016) as

Hippocampus kuda (non Bleeker 1852) and

H. kelloggi (non Jordan & Snyder 1901).

Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: South Africa

and Mozambique to Seychelles, Madagascar,

Réunion (western Mascarenes) and Maldives.


Hippichthys cyanospilos (Bleeker, 1854) - Blue-

spotted pipefish


by Dawson (1985); subsequently reported by




134


Palau and Fiji, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to



Hippocampus jayakari Boulenger 1900 - Thorny

seahorse


by Lourie et al. (2004); subsequently reported by

Edwain (2012) and Lourie et al. (2016).


Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Réunion and

Mauritius (western Mascarenes) east to Maldives.


Hippichthys penicillus (Cantor, 1849) - Beady

pipefish


by Dawson (1981a) as Parasyngnathus argyrostictus;

subsequently reported by Dawson (1985), Randall






Persian Gulf material: GCRL 16282 (1); USNM

164344 (1).

Trachyrhamphus bicoarctatus (Bleeler, 1857) -

Double-ended pipefish


by Dawson (1981a); subsequently reported by

Dawson (1984, 1985), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as

Yozia bicoarctata, Krupp & Müller (1994) and



South Africa, Persian Gulf, Madagascar, Comoros

and Mascarenes east to Mariana Islands and New

Guinea, north to southern Japan, south to Western

Australia, and New South Wales (Australia).


Persian Gulf material: FRBB uncat. (2).

Order TETRAODONTIFORMES

Family Balistidae

Abalistes stellaris (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) - Starry

triggerfish (Homarah, Arabic, Kuwait)





& Ibrahim (1982b) and Krupp & Müller (1994).



Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Palau,

Fiji and Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to New

South Wales (Australia); also eastern tropical

Atlantic.



Abalistes stellatus (Anonymous, 1798)



Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Jawad

(2017).



and western Mascarenes east to Palau, Fiji and

Tonga, north to southern Japan, south to New South

Wales (Australia); eastern tropical Atlantic.


Rhinecanthus assasi (Fabricius [ex Forsskål] in

Niebuhr 1775) - Picasso triggerfish


by Randall Krupp & Müller (1994); peviously

reported by Basson et al. (1981) as Rhinecanthus aculeatus (non Linnaeus 1758), Relyea (1981) as

Rhinecanthus aculeatus (non Linnaeus 1758);


et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003) and Jawad (2017).





135


(2008).

Sufflamen albicaudatum (Rüppell, 1829) -

Bluethroat triggerfish



Krupp & Müller (1994) as Sufflamen albicaudatus

and Edwin (2012).


Gulf of Oman to Persian Gulf.


Sufflamen chrysopterum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)

- Halfmoon triggerfish


by Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Sufflamen chrysopterus; subsequently reported by Relyea

(1981) as Sufflamen capistratus (non Shaw 1804),

Carpenter et al. (1997a, b) as Sufflamen chrysopterus, Bishop (2003) as Sufflamen chrysopterus and Jawad (2017).



Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Samoa, north to


Australia, Lord Howe Island and New Caledonia.


Family Diodontidae

Cyclichthys orbicularis (Bloch, 1785) - Birdbeak

burrfish (Kharposht-mahi-e-Lab-menghari, Persian)



reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Chilomycterus orbicularis, Relyea (1981) as Cyclichthys echinatus

(non Linnaeus 1758) and C. orbicularis, Kuronuma

& Abe (1986), Krupp & Müller (1994) as

Chilomycterus orbicularis, Randall (1995a),

Carpenter et al. (1997b), Jawad (2017) and Torquato

et al. (2017).



Mascarenes east to Philippines, north to South China

Sea and Japan, south to New Caledonia and Lord

Howe Island.


Diodon hystrix Linnaeus 1758 - Spotfin

porcupinefish



reported by Kuronuma & Abe (1986).


temperate seas.


Family Molidae

Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) - Ocean sunfish

(Korshid-mahi-e-oghyanoosi, Persian)



Bishop (2003) and Jawad (2017).

Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and temperate

seas.


Ranzania laevis (Pennant, 1776) - Slender sunfish


by Bishop (2003); subsequently reported by Jawad

(2017).


temperate seas.


Family Monacanthidae

Aluterus monoceros (Linnaeus, 1758) - Unicorn

leatherjacket filefish





temperate seas.


Paramonacanthus arabicus Hutchins, 1997 - Gulf

filefish

136



in original description by Hutchins (1997);

previously reported by Regan (1905) as

Monacanthus oblongus (non Schlegel 1850),

Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Paramonacanthus choirocephalus (non Bleeker 1851) and P. oblongus

(non Schlegel 1850), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Paramonacanthus choirocephalus (non Bleeker

1851) and P. oblongus (non Schlegel 1850), Basson

et al. (1981) as Paramonacanthus choirocephalus

(non Bleeker 1851), Relyea (1981) as

Paramonacanthus choirocephalus (non Bleeker

1851) and P. oblongus (non Schlegel 1850),

Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b) as

Paramonacanthus oblongus (non Schlegel 1850),

Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Paramonacanthus oblongus (non Schlegel 1850), Krupp & Müller

(1994) as Paramonacanthus oblongus (non Schlegel

1850), Randall (1995a) as Paramonacanthus sp.,

Carpenter et al. (1997b) as Paramonacanthus choirocephalus (non Bleeker 1851) and P. oblongus

(non Schlegel 1850) and Taher et al. (2012) as

Paramonacanthus japonicus (non Tilesius 1809).


Gulf endemic.


Persian Gulf material: WAM P.31180-001

(holotype), AMS I. 37401-001 (7 paratypes), BMNH

1996.10.29.2-7 (6 paratypes), BPBM 21213 (1


(14 paratypes), BPBM 30911 (4 paratypes), BPBM

35415 (1 paratype), UMPT 08 (9), UMPT 09 (1),

USNM 342554 (1 paratype), USNM 342555 (1

paratype), WAM P.25977-010 (11 paratypes), WAM

P.25979-003 (3 paratypes), WAM P.25980-007 (2

paratypes), WAM P.25988-001 (3 paratypes), WAM

P.29813-001 (2 paratypes, c&s), WAM P.31179-001

(3 paratypes), WAM P.31181-001 (14 paratypes),

WAM P.31182-001 (2 paratypes), WAM P.31183-

001 (3 paratypes), WAM P.31184-001 (7

paratypes),WAM P.31185-001 (1 paratype), WAM

P.31186-001 (1 paratype), WAM P.31187-001 (1

paratype).

Remarks: Previously misidentified as

Paramonacanthus tricuspis (non Hollard 1854),

P. choirocephalus (non Bleeker 1851) and

P. oblongus (non Schlegel 1850).

Stephanolepis diaspros Fraser-Brunner, 1940 -

Reticulated leatherjacket (Takshakh-mahi-e-

moshabbak, Persian)




Abe (1972, 1986), Nellen (1973), Relyea (1981),

Sivasubramaniam & Ibrahim (1982b), Hutchins

(1984), Abou-Seedo (1992), Krupp & Müller (1994),


Bishop (2003).


Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf;




Thamnaconus modestoides (Barnard, 1927) - Modest

filefish



Distribution: Red Sea, Indo-Wst Pacific: East and


and Réunion (Mascarenes) east to Indonesia, north to

southern Japan, south to northwestern Australia.


Family Ostraciidae

Ostracion cubicus Linnaeus, 1758 - Yellow boxfish


by Nader & Jawdat (1977) as Ostracion tuberculatus;

subsequently reported by Relyea (1981) as Ostracion tuberculatus, Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Ostracion tuberculatus, Smith & Saleh (1987), Carpenter et al.

(1997a, b), Bishop (2003) and Torquato et al. (2017).



Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Tuamotu

137


Archipelago, north to southern Japan and Ryukyu

Islands and Ogasawara Islands, south to New

Caledonia, northern New Zealand, Lord Howe Island

and Rapa, straying to Hawaiian Islands.



Ostracion cyanurus Rüppell, 1828 - Bluetail

trunkfish


by Regan (1905); subsequently reported by Relyea

(1981) as Ostracion lentiginosum (non Bloch &

Schneider 1801), Smith & Saleh (1987), Krupp &


(1997a, 1997b), Bishop (2003) and Torquato et al.

(2017).


Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, and Persian Gulf.



Tetrosomus gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) - Humpback

turretfish


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Ostracion gibbosus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg

(1969), Relyea (1981), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as

Ostracion gibbosus, Krupp & Müller (1994) and




Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Philippines, north to

southern Japan, south to Australia and New




Family Tetraodontidae

Arothron stellatus (Anonymous, 1798) - Stellate

puffer (Badkonak-mahi-e-ghahvahei, Persian; E'-

nezah, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Tetraodon

stellatus; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg

(1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972), Basson et al.


(1982b), Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Arothron alboreticulatus and A. stellatus, Smith & Saleh

(1987), Abou-Seedo (1992), Krupp & Müller (1994),

Carpenter et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Abed et

al. (2013), Dehghani (2014), Jawad (2017), Torquato




Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Tuamotu

Archipelago, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara

Islands, south to Lord Howe Island and northern New

Zealand.



USNM 147927 (1), USNM 147928 (2), USNM

267109 (1). Remark: Arothron alboreticulatus (Tanaka, 1908) is

a junior synonym.

Chelonodon patoca (Hamilton, 1822) - Milkspotted

puffer (Badkonak-mahi-e-zeytooni, Persian; E'-

nezah, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Chilonodon patoca; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg

(1969), Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Basson et al.


(1982b), Smith & Saleh (1987), Abou-Seedo (1992),


et al. (1997a, b), Bishop (2003), Dehghani (2014) and

Jawad (2017).

Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Madagascarand

Persian Gulf east to French Polynesia, north to

southern Japan, south to northern Australia and New

Caledonia.



USNM 147596 (1), USNM 147821 (6), USNM

147929 (7), USNM 147930 (2), USNM 147931 (1),

USNM 147932 (1), USNM 147933 (1), USNM

138


196474 (1).

Lagocephalus guentheri Miranda Ribeiro, 1915 -

Diamondback puffer





Madagascar and Persian Gulf east to Indonesia, north

to southern Japan, south to northern Australia.


Lagocephalus inermis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850)

- Smooth blaasop (Badkonak-mahi-e-saf, Persian)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Spheroides inermis; subsequently reported by Mahdi & Georg

(1969) and Kuronuma & Abe (1986).







394072 (1).

Lagocephalus lunaris (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) -

Lunartail puffer (E'-nezah, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Spheroides lunaris; subsequently reported by Menon (1960),

Khalaf (1961), Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Gastrophysus lunaris, Kuronuma & Abe (1972,

1986), Relyea (1981), Abou-Seedo (1992), Randall


Jawad (2017) and Ziyadi et al. (2018).



Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Indonesia, north to

South China Sea, south to northern Australia.




17 (9), UMPT 19 (19), UMPT 20 (7). Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789) - Silver-

cheeked toadfish (E'nezah, Arabic, Kuwait)



reported by Mahdi & Georg (1969) as Gastrophysus scleratus, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986), Relyea

(1981) as Lagocephalus scleratus, Randall (1995a),

Carpenter et al. (1997b), Bishop (2003) and Jawad

(2017).



western Mascarenes east to Philippines, north to

southern Japan, south to northern Australia and New




Lagocephalus spadiceus (Richardson, 1845) - Half-

smooth golden pufferfish




Africa, Persian Gulf and Madagascar east to Taiwan,




Takifugu oblongus (Bloch, 1786) - Lattice blaasop


by Naderi et al. (2013).



(western Mascarenes) east to Indonesia, north to



Torquigener flavimaculosus Hardy & Randall, 198 3

- Yellowspotted puffer


by Randall (1995a); previously reported by

Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Lagocephalus

139


hypselogeneion (non Bleeker 1852); subsequently

reported by Carpenter et al. (1997b).


Africa, Seychelles and Madagascar to Persian Gulf;

Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant; Golani

1998).


Persian Gulf material: UMPT 05 (1). Family Triacanthidae

Pseudotriacanthus strigilifer (Cantor, 1849) - Long-

spined tripodfish (Se-khareh-e-khal-talaei, Persian;

Cholaib-eldow, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Triacanthus strigilifer; subsequently reported by Menon (1960) as

Triacanthus brevirostris, Khalaf (1961) as

Triacanthus brevirostris, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Triacanthus brevirostris and Pseudotriacanthus strigilifer, Kuronuma & Abe (1972), Relyea (1981),

Kuronuma & Abe (1986) as Triacanthus strigilifer, Hussain et al. (1988), Abou-Seedo (1992), Randall


Dehghani (2014).

Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persoan Gulf and

Gulf of Oman east to Philipines and Indonesia.


Triacanthus biaculeatus (Bloch, 1786) - Short-nosed

tripodfish (Se-khareh-e-poozeh-kootah, Persian;

Cholaib-eldow, Arabic, Kuwait)


by Blegvad & Løppenthin (1944) as Triacanthus indicus; subsequently reported by Mahdi (1950) as

Triacanthus indicus, Mahdi & Georg (1969) as

Triacanthus indicus, Kuronuma & Abe (1972, 1986),

Relyea (1981) as Triacanthus biaculeatus and T. indicus, Randall (1995a), Carpenter et al. (1997b),

Zajonz et al. (2002), Bishop (2003), Dehghani (2014)



Mauritius (Mascarenes) east to Philippines, north to

southern Japan, south to Western Australia and




USNM 147904 (10), USNM 196478 (2).

Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by the

University of Tehran.

References Abed, J.M.; Jassim, A.K.; Lazem, L.F. & Habeeb, F.S.

2013. Biometry of stellate puffer Arothron stellatus

(Bloch & Schneider, 1801) from Shatt Al-Basrah

Canal. Journal of the King AbdulAziz University,

Marine Science 24(1): 17-26.

Abou-Seedo, F.S. 1992. Abundance of fish caught by

stake-traps (hadra) in the intertidal zone in Doha,

Kuwait Bay. Journal of the University of Kuwait 19:

91-98.

Abou-Seedo, F.S.; Clayton, D.A. & Wright J.M. 1990.

Tidal and turbidity effects on the shallow-water fish

assemblage of Kuwait Bay. Marine Ecology Progress

Series 65: 213-223.

Abu-Hakima, R. 1987. Aspects of the reproductive

biology of the grouper, Epinephelus tauvina

(Forskål), in Kuwaiti waters. Journal of Fish Biology

30(2): 213-222.

Afonso, P.; Porteiro, F.M.; Santos, R.S.; Barreiros, J.P.;

Worms, J. & Wirtz, P. 1999. Coastal marine fishes of

São Tomé Island (Gulf of Guinea). Arquipélago

17(A): 65-92.

Ahmed, M. 1991. A model to determine benefits

obtainable from the management of riverine fisheries

of Bangladesh. ICLARM Tech. Rep. 28, 133 p.

Akyol, O.; Ünal, V.; Ceyhan, T. & Bilecenoglu, M. 2005.

First confirmed record of Lagocephalus sceleratus

(Gmelin, 1789) in the Mediterranean Sea. Journal of

Fish Biology 66: 1183-1186.

Al-Badri, M.E. & Jawad, L.A. 2014. New fish records

from the marine waters of Iraq. Cahiers de Biologie

Marine 55: 431-436.

Al-Dubakel, A.Y. 2011. Commercial fishing and

marketing of Hilsa shad Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton-

Buchanan, 1822) in Basrah - southern Iraq. Emirates

Journal of Food and Agriculture 23(2): 178-186.

Al-Hassan, L.A.J. 1987. Variations in meristic characters

140


of Nematalosa nasus from Iraq and Kuwaiti waters.

Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 33(4): 422-425.

Al-Hassan, L.A.J. 1990. Genetic and morphological

variation in Acanthopagrus latus (Sparidae) in Iraq.

Asian Fisheies Science 3: 269-273.

Al-Hassan, L.A.J.; Clayton, D.A.; Thomson, M. &

Ciddle, R.S. 1988. Taxonomy and distribution of ariid

catfishes from the Persian Gulf. Journal of Natural

History 22: 473-487.

Al-Hassan, L.A.J. & Al-Badri, M.E.H. 1986. First record

of some fishes from Khor Al-Zubair, Khor Abdullah,

and Shatt Al-Arab, Basrah, Iraq. Cybium 10(3): 295-

297.

Al-Hassan, L.A.J. & Hussain, N.A. 1985. Hydrological

parameters influencing the penetration of Persian

Gulf fishes into the Shatt Al Arab River, Iraq. Cybium

9(1): 7-16.

Al-Hassan, L.A.J.; Hussain, N.A. & Soud, K.D. 1989. A

Preliminary, annotated check-list of fishes form Shatt

al-Arab River, Basrah. Polskie Archiwum

Hydrobiologii 36: 283-288.

Al-Hassan, L.A.J. & Miller, P.J. 1987. Rhinogobius brunneus (Gobiidae) in the Persian Gulf. Japanese

Journal of Ichthyology 33: 405-408.

Ali, A.H. 2013a. First record of six shark species in the

territorial marine waters of Iraq with a review of

cartilaginous fishes of Iraq. Mesopotamian Journal of


Ali, A.H. 2013b. First record of Strongspine silver-biddy

Gerres longirostris (Lacepède, 1801) (Pisces:

Gerreidae) from Iraqi marine territorial waters.

Basrah Journal of Agricultural Science 26 (Special

issue 1): 178-183.

Ali, A.H.; Abed, J.M. & Taher, M.M. 2014a. First record

of saddleback silver-biddy Gerres limbatus Cuvier,

1830 (Pisces: Gerreidae) from Shatt Al-Arab River

and marine territorial water of Iraq. International

Journal of Marine Science 4: 1-5.

Ali, A.H.; Mhaisen, F.T. & Khamees, N.R. 2014b.

Checklists of nematodes of freshwater and marine

fishes of Basrah Province, Iraq. Mesopotamian

Journal of Marine Science 29(2): 71-96.

Ali, A.H. & Iwatsuki, Y. 2018. Record of the yellowback

grunt Pomadasys aheneus McKay & Randall

(Osteichthys: Haemulidae) from the Arabian Gulf off

Iraq. Zoology of the Middle East 2018: 1-3.

Allen, G.R. 1979. Falter- und Kaiserfische. Band 2.

Atlantik, Karibik, Rotes Meer, Indo-Pazifik. Mergus,

Melle: 149-352.

Allen, G.R. 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6.

Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated

catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO

Fish. Synop. Rome: FAO. 208 p.

Allen, G.R. 1986. Pomacentridae. In: M.M. Smith, P.C.

Heemstra (eds.). Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag,

Berlin. pp: 670-682.

Allen, G.R. 1986. Lutjanidae. In: J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse,

D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.). Check-list of

the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB,

Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris.

Vol. 2. pp: 323-324.

Allen, G.R. 1991a. Riffbarsche der Welt. Mergus, Melle.

272 p.

Allen, G.R. 1991b. Field guide to the freshwater fishes

of New Guinea. Publication, no. 9. Christensen

Research Institute, Madang, Papua New Guinea. 268

p.

Allen, G.R. & Adrim, M. 2003. Coral reef fishes of

Indonesia. Zoological Studies 42(1): 1-72.

Allen, G.R. & Erdmann, M.V. 2012. Reef fishes of the

East Indies. Perth, Australia: Universitiy of Hawai'i

Press, Volumes I-III. Tropical Reef Research.

Allen, G.R.; Erdmann, M.V. & Yusmalinda, N.L.A.

2016. Review of the Indo-Pacific flasherwasses of the

genus Paracheilinus (Perciformes: Labridae), with

descripions of three new species. Journal of the Ocean

Science Foundation 19: 18-90.

Allen, G.R. & Kuiter, R.H. 1978. Heniochus diphreutes

Jordan, a valid species of butterflyfish

(Chaetodontidae) from the Indo-West Pacific. Journal

of the Royal Society of Western Australia 61(1): 11-

18.

Allen, G.R. & Randall, J.E. 1981. A review of the

damselfishes (Teleostei: Pomacentridae) of the Red

Sea. Journal of Zoology 29(1/3) (for 1980): 1-98.

Allen, G.R. & Randall, J.E. 1994. A new species of

cardinalfish (Apogon: Apogonidae) from Arabian

Seas. Rev. Fr. Aquariol. 21(1-2): 24-26.

Allen, G.R. & Steene, R. 1987. Reef fishes of the Indian

Ocean. tfh Publications, Neptune City. 240 p.

Allen, G.R.; Steene, R. & Allen, M. 1998. A guide to

angelfishes and butterflyfishes. Odyssey Publishing,

141


Perth. 250 p.

Allen, G.R. & Swainston, R. 1988. The marine fishes of

north-western Australia: a field guide for anglers and

divers. Western Australian Museum, Perth. 201 p.

Allen, G.R. & Talbot, F.H. 1985. Review of the snappers

of the genus Lutjanus (Pisces: Lutjanidae) from the

Indo-Pacific, with the description of a new species.

Indo-Pacific Fishes 11: 1-87.

Allen, G.R.; White, W.T. & Erdmann, M.V. 2013. Two

new species of snappers (Pisces: Lutjanidae:

Lutjanus) from the Indo-West Pacific. Journal of the

Ocean Science Foundation 6: 33-51.

Al-Mukhtar, M.A.; Jawad, L.A.; Al-Faisal, A.J. &

Mustafa, F. 2011. Dotter grouper, Epinephelus epistictus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842)

(Osteichthyes: Serranidae), recorded from the marine

waters of Iraq. Zoology in the Middle East 54: 136-

138.

Amaoka, K. & Hensley, D.A. 2001. Paralichthyidae.

Sand flounders. In: K.E. Carpenter, V. Niem (Eds.).

FAO species identification guide for fishery

purposes. The living marine resources of the Western

Central Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae

to Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome.

pp: 3842-3862.

Amir, S.A.; Tanaka, F.; Siddiqui, P.J. & Iwatsuki, Y.

2013. First records of two sparid species Diplodus omanensis and Pagellus affinis (Perciformes:

Sparidae) from western coast of Pakistan. Cybium

37(3): 220-222.

Amir, S.A.; Siddiqui, P.J.A. & Masroor, R. 2014. A new

sparid fish of genus Sparidentex (Perciformes:

Sparidae) From Coastal Waters of Pakistan (North

Western Indian Ocean). Pakistan Journal of Zoology

46(2): 471-477.

Anderson, W.D. Jr. 1986. Lutjanidae. (Genus Lutjanus

by G.R. Allen). In: M.M. Smith, P.C. Heemstra

(Eds.). Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

pp: 572-579.

Anderson, R.C.; Randall, J.E. & Kuiter, R.H. 1998. New

records of fishes from the Maldive Islands, with notes

on other species. Ichthyological Bulletin 67(2): 20-

36.

Anderson, W.D.Jr. & Allen, G.R. 2001. Lutjanidae.

Jobfishes. In: K.E. Carpenter, V. Niem (Eds.). FAO

species identification guide for fishery purposes. The

living marine resources of the Western Central

Pacific. Vol. 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to

Pomacentridae). FAO, Rome. pp: 2840-2918.

Appleby, C. 1999. List of Norwegian common names of

fishes. Unpublished. Armitage, R.O.; Payne, D.A.; Lockley, G.J.; Currie,

H.M.; Colban, R.L.; Lamb, B.G. & Paul, L.J. 1994.

Guide book to New Zealand commercial fish species.

Revised edition. New Zealand Fishing Industry

Board, Wellington, New Zealand. 216 p.

Assadi, H. & Dehghani, R. 1997. Atlas of the Persian

Gulf and the Sea of Oman fishes. Iranian Fisheries

Research and Training Organization, Tehran. 226 p.

Attaran-Farimani, G.; Estekani, S.; Springer, V.G.;

Crimmen, O.; Johnson, G.D. & Baldwin, C.C. 2016.

Validation of the synonymy of the teleost blenniid

fish species Salarias phantasticus Boulenger 1897 and

Salarias anomalus Regan 1905 with Ecsenius pulcher (Murray 1887) based on DNA barcoding and

morphology. Zootaxa 4072(2): 171-184.

Bagnis, R.; Mazellier, P.; Bennett, J. & Christian, E.

1984. Poissons de Polynésie, 5th Edition. Société

Nouvelle des Editions du Pacifique, Elysées, France.

Baissac, J.de.B. 1990. SWIOP/WP/54 - Checklist of the

marine fishes of Mauritius. RAF/87/008/WP/54/90

Regional Project for the Development &

Management of Fisheries in the Southwest Indian

Ocean.

Bañón, R. & Sande, C. 2008. First record of the red

cornetfish Fistularia petimba (Syngnathiformes:

Fistularidae) in Galician waters: a northernmost

occurrence in the eastern Atlantic. Journal of Applied

Ichthyology 24: 106-107.

Basson, P.W.; Burchard, Jr. J.E.; Hardy, J.T. & Price,

A.R.G. 1981. Biotopes of the western Persian Gulf.

Marine life and environments of Saudi Arabia.

Dharan (Aramco Department of Loss Prevention and

Environment Affairs). 284 p.

Bath, H. 1983. Revision der Gattung Antennablennius

Fowler 1931 mit Beschreibung einer neuen Art und

Untersuchung der taxonomischen Stellung von

Antennablennius anuchalis Springer & Spreitzer

1978. Senckenbergiana Biologica 64(1/3): 47-80.

Bath, H. 1989. Die Arten der Gattung Parablennius

Ribeiro 1915 im Roten Meer, Indischen und NW des

Pazifischen Ozeans. Senckenbergiana Biologica

142


69(4/6): 301-343.

Bauchot, M.L. 2003. Sciaenidae. In: C. Lévêque, D.

Paugy, G.G. Teugels (Eds.). Faune des poissons

d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest,

Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée

Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique,

Museum National d'Histoire Naturalle, Paris, France

and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement,

Paris, France. Pp: 504-511

Bauchot, M.L. & Bauchot, R. 1983. Les Pagellus de

l'océan indien (Pisces, Perciformes, Sparidae).

Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle

Ser. 4: Section A: Zoologie, Biologie et Écologie

Animales 5(4): 1123-1138.

Bauchot, M.L. & Hureau, J.C. 1990. Sparidae. In: J.C.

Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post, L. Saldanha

(Eds.). Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical

Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and

UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. pp: 790-812.

Bauchot, M.L. & Saldanha, L. 1986. Muraenesocidae.

In: P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J.

Nielsen, E. Tortonese (Eds.). Fishes of the north-

eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. volume 2.

UNESCO, Paris. pp: 559-561.

Bauchot, M.L. & Smith, M.M. 1984. Sparidae. In: W.

Fischer, G. Bianchi (Eds.). FAO species

identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western

Indian Ocean (Fishing Area 51). volume 4. [var. pag.]

FAO, Rome.

Behzadi, S.; Salarpouri, A.; Darvishi, M. & Dehghani, R.

2012. First record of three Batoid species in the

Persian Gulf. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal 21:

153-158.

Ben-Tuvia, A. 1986. Mullidae. In: M.M. Smith, P.C.

Heemstra (Eds.). Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag,


Blegvad, H. & Løppenthin, B. 1944. Fishes of the Iranian

Gulf. In: K. Jessen, R. Spärck (Eds.). Danish

Scientific Investigations in Iran, part III. Einar

Munksgaard, Copenhagen. pp: 1-247.

Bianchi, G. 1985. FAO species identification sheets for

fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial

marine and brackish-water species of Tanzania.

Prepared and published with the support of

TCP/URT/4406 and FAO (FIRM) Regular

Programme. FAO, Rome. 199 p.

Bianchi, G.; Carpenter, K.E.; Roux, J.P.; Molloy, F.J.;

Boyer, D. & Boyer, H.J. 1999. FAO species

identification guide for fishery purposes. Field guide

to the living marine resources of Namibia. FAO,

Rome. 265 p.

Bilecenoglu, M. 2010. Alien marine fishes of Turkey -

an updated review. In: D. Golani, B. Appelbaum-

Golani (Eds.). Fish Invasions in the Mediterranean

Sea: Change and Renewal. Pensoft. Sofia-Moscow.

pp: 189-217.

Bilecenoglu, M.; Taskavak, E.; Mater, S. & Kaya, M.

2002. Checklist of the marine fishes of Turkey.

Zootaxa (113): 1-194.

Bills, R. (comp.) 1999. An inventory of fishes from the

Lower Zambezi River, Mozambique (27/7/1999 to

14/8/1999). Invest. Rep. J.L.B. Smith Institute of

Ichthyology. 62: 60 p.

Bishop, J.M. 2003. History and current checklist of

Kuwait’s ichthyofauna. Journal of Arid Environments

54: 237-256.

Blaber, S.J.M. 1980. Fish of the Trinity Inlet System of

North Queensland with notes on the ecology of fish

faunas of tropical Indo-Pacific estuaries. Australian

Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 31: 137-

46.

Blaber, S.J.M.; Young, J.W. & Dunning, M.C. 1985.

Community structure and zoogeographic affinities of

the coastal fishes of the Dampier region of north-

western Australia. Australian Journal of Marine and

Freshwater Research 36: 247-266.

Bleeker, P. 1875. Poissons de Madagascar et de l'île de

la Réunion des collections de MM. Pollen et van

Dam. In: P. Bleeker, F. Pollen (Eds.). Recherches sur

la faune de Madagascar et de ses dépendances, d'après

les découvertes de François P.L. Pollen et D.C. van

Dam. 4me partie. Poissons et pêches. E.J. Brill,

Leyde. pp: 1-104.

Bogorodsky, S.V.; Alpermann, T.J.; Mal, A.O. & Gabr,

M.H. 2014. Survey of the demersal fishes from

southern Saudi Arabia, with five new records for the

Red Sea. Zootaxa 3852(4): 401-437.

Böhlke, E.B. 2000. Notes on the identity of small, brown,

unpatterned Indo-Pacific moray eels, with

descriptions of three new species (Anguilliformes:

Muraenidae). Pacific Science 54(4): 395-416.

Bolster, H.G. 1948. Part II - Edible fish in the Persian

143


Gulf. United States Department of the Interior, Fish

and Wildlife Service, Fishery Leaflet 304: 6-8.

Buchanan, J.R.; Krupp, F.; Burt, J.A.; Feary, D.A.;

Ralph, G.M. & Carpenter, K.E. 2015. Living on the

edge: Vulnerability of coral-dependent fishes in the

gulf. Marine Pollution Bulletin 105: 480-488.

[Appeared first as electronic prepublication, p. 1-9, in

2015; volume number and pages added in 2016.]

Bussing, W.A. 1995. Tetraodontidae. Tamboriles,

tamborines, botetes, peces globo, corrotuchos. In: W.

Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E.

Carpenter, V. Niem (Eds.). Guia FAO para

Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca.

Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. pp:

1629-1637.

Capapé, C. & Desoutter, M. 1990. Dasyatidae. In: J.C.





Cárdenas, S.; Berastegui, D.A. & Ortiz, J.M. 1997. First

record of Fistularia petimba Lacepéde, 1803 (Pisces,

Fistulariidae) off the coast of Cadiz (southern Iberian

Peninsula). Oletín Instituto Español de Oceanografía

13(1/2): 83-86.

Carpenter, K.E. 1987. Revision of the Indo-Pacific fish

family Caesionidae (Lutjanoidea), with descriptions

of five new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes 15: 1-56.

Carpenter, K.E. 1988. FAO species catalog. Vol. 8.

Fusilier fishes of the World. An annotated and

illustrated catalogue of caesionid species known to

date. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the

United Nations) Fisheries Synopsis (125) 8: 1-75.

Carpenter, K.E. 2001. Lobotidae. Tripletails. In: K.E.

Carpenter, V.H. Niem (Eds.). FAO species

identification guide for fishery purposes. The living

marine resources of the Western Central Pacific.

Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to

Pomacentridae). Rome, FAO. pp: p. 2942-2945. Carpenter, K.E. 2003. Lobotidae. Tripletails. In: K.E.

Carpenter (Ed.). FAO species identification guide for

fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the

Western Central Atlantic. Vol. 3: Bony fishes part 2

(Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and marine

mammals. 1505 p.

Carpenter, K.E. & Allen, G.R. 1989. FAO species

catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye

breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An

annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid

species known to date. FAO (Food and Agriculture

Organization of the United Nations) Fisheries

Synopsis (125)9: 1-118.

Carpenter, K.E.; Harrison, P.L.; Hodgson, G.; Alsaffar,

A.H. & Alhazeem, S.H. 1997a. The corals and coral

reef fishes of Kuwait. Kuwait Institute for Scientific

Research and the Environment Public Authority. 181

p.

Carpenter, K.E. & Johnson, G.D. 2016. Lobotidae.

Tripletails. In: K.E. Carpenter, N. De Angelis (Eds.).

The living marine resources of the Eastern Central

Atlan tic. Volume 4: Bony fishes part 2 (Perciformes

to Tetradontiformes) and Sea turtles. FAO Species

Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes, Rome,

FAO. 2544 p. Carpenter, K.E.; Krupp, F.; Jones, D.A. & Zajonz, U.

1997b. Living Marine Resources of Kuwait, Eastern

Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab

Emirates. FAO, Rome. 324 p.

Carpenter, K.E. & Robertson, R. 2015. Lobotes surinamensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened

Species 2015: e.T198670A16644032.

http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-

4.RLTS.T198670A16644032.en. Carrubba, R.W. & Bowers, J.Z. 1982. Engelbert

kaempfer’s first report of the torpedo fish of the

Persian Gulf in the late seventeenth century. Journal

of the History of Biology 15: 263-274.

Castle, P.H.J. 1984. Muraenesocidae. In: W. Fischer, G.

Bianchi (Eds.). FAO species identification sheets for

fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing

Area 51). Volume III. FAO, Rome.

Castle, P.H.J. & Williamson, G.R. 1975. Systematics and

distribution of eels of the Muraenesox group

(Anguilliformes, Muraenesocidae). The J.L.B Smith

Institute of Ichthyology Special Publication 15: 1-9.

Castriota, L.; Greco, S.; Marino, G. & Andaloro, F. 2002.

First record of Seriola rivoliana Cuvier, 1833 in the

Mediterranean. Journal of Fish Biology 60(2): 486-

488.

Cervigón, F. 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela.

Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques,

Caracas, Venezuela. 97 p.

144


Carpenter, K.E. & Johnson, G.D. 2016. Lobotidae.

Tripletails. In: K.E. Carpenter, N. De Angelis (Eds.).

The living marine resources of the Eastern Central

Atlan tic. Volume 4: Bony fishes part 2 (Perciformes

to Tetradontiformes) and Sea turtles. FAO Species

Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes, Rome,

FAO. 2544 p. Carvalho, M.R.de.; Séret, B. & McEachran, J.D. 2007.

Carcharhinidae. In: M.L.J. Stiassny, G.G. Teugels,

C.D. Hopkins (Eds.). The fresh and brackish water

fishes of Lower Guinea, West-Central Africa.

Volume I. Collection Faune et Flore tropicales 42.

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris,

France, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris,

France, and Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale,

Tervuren, Belgium. pp: 144-147. Chao, L.N. & Trewavas, E. 1990. Sciaenidae. In: J.C.


(Eds.). Check-list of the fishes the eastern tropical



Chapman, L.B. & Cusack, P. 1990. South Pacific

Commission Deep Sea Fisheries Development

Project Report on Second Visit to Tuvalu 30 August

- 7 December 1983. South Pacific Commission,

Noumea, New Caledonia. Chen, C.H. 2004. Checklist of the fishes of Penghu. FRI

Special Publication No. 4. 175 p. Chirichigno, N.F. 1974. Clave para identificar los peces

marinos del Peru. Inf. Inst. Mar Perú (44): 1-387. Claro, R. 1994. Características generales de la ictiofauna.

In: R. Claro (Ed.). Ecología de los peces marinos de

Cuba. Instituto de Oceanología Academia de Ciencias

de Cuba and Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana

Roo. pp: 55-70. Coad, B.W. 1995. Freshwater fishes of Iran. Acta Sci.

Nat. Acad. Sci. Brno. 29(1): 1-64. Coad, B.W. 2010. Freshwater Fishes of Iraq. Bulgaria.

295 p. Coad, B.W. 2015. Review of the milkfishes of Iran

(family Chanidae). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology

2(2): 65-70.

Coad, B.W. & Papahr, F. 1988. Shark attacks in the

rivers of southern Iran. Environmental Biology of

Fishes, 23: 131-134.

Coleman, R.R.; Eble, J.A.; DiBattista, J.D.; Rocha, L.A.;

Randall, J.E.; Berumen, M.L. & Bowen, B.W. 2016.

Regal phylogeography: Range-wide survey of the

marine angelfish Pygoplites diacanthus reveals

evolutionary partitions between the Red Sea, Indian

Ocean, and Pacific Ocean. Molecular Phylogenetics

and Evolution 100: 243-253.

Collette, B.B. 1984. Belonidae. In: W. Fischer, G.



Area 51), Volume 1. FAO, Rome. Collette, B.B. 1986a. Belonidae. In: M.M. Smith, P.C.



Collette, B.B. 1986b. Scombridae (including Thunnidae,

Scomberomoridae, Gasterochismatidae and

Sardidae). In: P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C.

Hureau, J. Nielsen, E. Tortonese (Eds.). Fishes of the

north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean,

Volume 2. Unesco, Paris. pp: 981-997. Collette, B.B. 1999. Belonidae. Needlefishes. In: K.E.




Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to

Carangidae). FAO, Rome. pp: 2151-2161. Collette, B.B. 2001. Scombridae. Tunas (also, albacore,

bonitos, mackerels, seerfishes, and wahoo). In: K.E.

Carpenter, V. Niem (Eds.). FAO species


marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Vol.

6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to Latimeriidae),

estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. pp: 3721-3756. Collette, B.B. & Aadland, C.R. 1996. Revision of the

frigate tunas (Scombridae, Auxis), with descriptions

of two new subspecies from the eastern Pacific.

Fishery Bulletin 94(3): 423-441. Collette, B.B. & Nauen, C.E. 1983. FAO species

catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An

annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas,

mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date.

FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the

United Nations) Fisheries Synopsis 125: 1-137.

Collette, B.B. & Parin, N.V. 1990. Belonidae. In: J.C.




145


UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. pp: 592-597. Cohen, D.M. 1990. Bregmacerotidae. In: J.C. Quero,

J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post, L. Saldanha (Eds.).

Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic

(CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and

UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. pp: 524-525. Compagno, L.J.V. 1984a. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol.

4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated

catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 -

Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop.

Rome, FAO. 125(4/1): 1-249. Compagno, L.J.V. 1984b. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol.

4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated

catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 -

Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. Rome: FAO.

125(4/2):251-655. Compagno, L.J.V. 1986. Rhinobatidae. In: M.M. Smith,

P.C. Heemstra (Eds.). Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-

Verlag, Berlin. pp: 128-131. Compagno, L.J.V. 1988. Sharks of the order

Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press,

Princeton, N.J. 1-486.

Compagno, L.J.V. 1997. Mobulidae. Devil rays. In: K.E.

Carpenter, V. Niem (Eds.). FAO Identification Guide

for Fishery Purposes. The Western Central Pacific. Compagno, L.J.V. 1998a. Hemigaleidae. Weasel sharks.

In: K.E. Carpenter, V.H. Niem (Eds.). FAO

identification guide for fishery purposes. The Living

Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific.

FAO, Rome. pp: 1305-1311. Compagno, L.J.V. 1998b. Sphyrnidae. Hammerhead and

bonnethead sharks. In: K.E. Carpenter, V.H. Niem

(Eds.). FAO identification guide for fishery purposes.

The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central

Pacific. FAO, Rome. pp: 1361-1366. Compagno, L.J.V. 1999. Checklist of living

elasmobranchs. In: W.C. Hamlett (ed.). Sharks,

skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes.

Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. pp: 471-

498. Compagno, L.J.V. 2001. Sharks of the world. An

annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species

known to date. Volume 2. Bullhead, mackerel and

carpet sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and

Orectolobiformes). FAO Species Catalogue for

Fishery Purposes 1(2): 1-269.

Compagno, L.J.V.; Ebert, D.A. & Smale, M.J. 1989.

Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. New

Holland (Publ.) Ltd., London. 158 p. Compagno, L.J.V.; Krupp, F. & Carpenter, K.E. 1996. A

new weasel shark of the genus Paragaleus from the

northwestern Indian Ocean and the Arabian Gulf

(Carcharhiniformes: Hemigaleidae). Fauna of Saudi

Arabia 15: 391-401.

Compagno, L.J.V. & Last, P.R. 1999. Pristidae.

Sawfishes. In: K.E. Carpenter, V. Niem (Eds.). FAO

identification guide for fishery purposes. The Living

Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific.

FAO, Rome. pp: 1410-1417.

Compagno, L.J.V. & Last, P.R. 2008. A new species of

wedgefish, Rhynchobatus palpebratus sp. nov.

(Rhynchobatoidei: Rhynchobatidae), from the Indo-

West Pacific. In: Descriptions of new Australian

Chondrichthyans. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric

Research Paper 022: 227-240.

Compagno, L.J.V.; Last, P.R.; Stevens, J.D. & Alava,

M.N.R. 2005. Checklist of Philippine

Chondrichthyes. CSIRO Marine Laboratories, Rept.

243. 101 p. Compagno, L.J.V. & Niem, V.H. 1998. Hemiscylliidae.

Longtail carpetsharks. In: K.E. Carpenter, V.H. Niem

(Eds.). FAO identification guide for fishery purposes.

The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central

Pacific. FAO, Rome. pp: 1249-1259. Compagno, L.J.V. & Niem, V.H. 1998a. Carcharhinidae.

Requiem sharks. In: K.E. Carpenter, V.H. Niem

(Eds.). FAO Identification Guide for Fishery

Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the

Western Central Pacific. FAO, Rome. pp: 1312-1360. Compagno, L.J.V. & Niem, V.H. 1998b.

Odontaspididae. Sand tiger sharks. In: K.E.

Carpenter, V.H. Niem (Eds.). FAO identification

guide for fishery purposes. The Living Marine

Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO,

Rome. pp: 1264-1267. Corsini-Foka, M. 2010. Current status of alien species in

Greek seas. In: D.Golani, B. Appelbaum-Golani

(Eds.). Fish Invasions in the Mediterranean Sea:

Change and Renewal. Pensoft. Sofia-Moscow. pp:

219-253. Craig, M.T.; Sadovy, de.; Mitcheson, Y.J. & Heemstra,

P.C. 2011. Groupers of the world. A field and market

146


guide. NISC (Pty) Ltd. Grahamstown, South Africa.

356 p.

Dabbagh, A.R.; Movaheddinia, M.; Rameshi, H.;

Esmaeel-Zadeh, A. & Sedaghat, M. 2011. First

Record of the Red cornetfish, Fistularia petimba

Lacepede, 1803 (Fistulariidae) from the Persian Gulf

(Iran). World Journal of Zoology 6: 217-219.

Dalzell, P.; Lindsay, S.R. & Patiale, H. 1991. Fisheries

resources survey of the Island of Niue. Tech. Doc.

Inshore Fish. Res. Proj. S. Pac. Comm 3. A report

prepared in conjunction with the South Pacific

Commission Inshore Fisheries Research Project, and

the FAO South Pacific Aquaculture Development

Project for the Government of Niue, July 1990. David, G. 1985. Pêche de subsistance et milieu naturel:

les mangrove de Vanuatu et leur intérêt halieutique.

Notes et documents d'océanographie. Mission

ORSTOM de Port-Vila, 13:67 p. multigr.

Davis, M.B.; Bishop, C.A.; Stansbury, D.E. & Murphy,

E.F. 1994. Update of the assessment of the cod stock

in div. 3NO. NAFO SC Working Paper 94/10. 13 p. Dawson, C.E. 1981a. Notes on four pipefishes

(Syngnathidae) from the Persian Gulf. Copeia

1981(1): 87-95.

Dawson, C.E. 1981b. Review of the Indo-Pacific

pipefish genus Doryrhamphus Kaup (Pisces,

Syngnathidae), with descriptions of a new species and

a new subspecies. Ichthyological Bulletin of the J. L.

B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology 44: 1-27.

Dawson, C.E. 1984. Review of the Indo-Pacific pipefish

genus Trachyrhamphus (Syngnathidae). Micronesica

18: 163-191.

Dawson, C.E. 1985. Indo-Pacific pipefishes (Red Sea to

the Americas). The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory

Ocean Springs, Mississippi, USA. Dawson, C.E. 1986a. Syngnathidae. In: J. Daget, J.-P.

Gosse, D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (Eds.).

Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa

(CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and

ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. pp: 281-287. Dawson, C.E. 1986b. Syngnathidae. In: M.M. Smith,


Verlag, Berlin. pp: 445-458. Debelius, H. 1998. Fischführer Mittelmeer und Atlantik.

Jahr Verlag GmbH & Co., Hamburg. 305 p.

Dehghani, M. 2014. Study of fish mangrove

communities and comparison of traditional fisheries

methods on Hara Biosphere Reserve. Marine

Biodiversity Records 7(e107): 1-6. Dennis, G.D.; Hensley, D.; Colin, P.L. & Kimmel, J.J.

2004. New records of marine fishes from the Puerto

Rican plateau. Caribbean Journal of Science 40(1):

70-87. Desoutter, M. 1986. Soleidae. In: J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse,

D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (Eds.). Check-list

of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB,


Vol. 2. pp: 430-431. Diouf, P.S.,1996. Les peuplements de poissons des

milieux estuariens de l'Afrique de l'Ouest: L'exemple

de l'estuaire hyperhalin du Sine-Saloum. Université

de Montpellier II. Thèses et Documents Microfiches

No.156. ORSTOM, Paris. 267 p. Doustdar, M.; Kaymaram, F.; Seifali, M.; Jamili, S. &

Bani, A. 2017. Study on population structure of

Arabian yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus arabicus) in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Iranian

Scientific Fisheries Journal 26(1): 10 p. (In Persian,

English summary)

Duncker, G. 1915. Revision der Syngnathidae. Erster

Teil. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen

(Zoologischen) Museum in Hamburg 32: 9-120.

Eggleston, D. 1974. Priacanthidae. In: W. Fischer, P.J.P.

Whitehead (Eds.). FAO species identification sheets

for fishery purposes. Eastern Indian Ocean (Fishing

Area 57) and Western Central Pacific (Fishing Area

71), Volume 3. FAO, Rome.

Eighani, M.; Daliri, M.; Paighambari, S.Y. & Alizadeh,

E. 2013. Length-weight relationship and GSI index of

smallhead hairtail, Eupleurogrammus muticus (Gray,

1831), northern Persian Gulf, Hormozgan coastal

waters. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 2013: 1-2.

Eighani, M.; Paighambari, S.Y.; Herrmann, B. &

Feekings, J. 2018. Effect of bait type and size on catch

efficiency of narrow-banded Spanish mackerel

(Scomberomorus commerson) in the Persian Gulf

handline fisheries. Fisheries Research 199: 32-35. El-Agamy, A.E., 1989. Some observations on the

biology of Parupeneus pleurotaenia (Fam. Mullidae)

in the Arabian Gulf. Kuwait Bulletin of Marine

Science 10: 187-199.

Elst, R.van.der. 1993. A guide to the common sea fishes

147


of southern Africa. (3rd Ed.). Struik Publishers, Cape

Town. 398 p.

Emadi, H. & Ghasemi, P. 2007. Consumer’s guid in:

distinguishing fish and shrimp, Elmiy-e-Abzian,

Tehran. 251 p.

Eschmeyer, W.N. 1997. A new species of

Dactylopteridae (Pisces) from the Philippines and

Australia, with a brief synopsis of the family. Bulletin

of Marine Science 60(3): 727-738.

Eschmeyer, W.N.; Hallacher, L.E. & Rama-Rao, K.V.

1979. The scorpionfish genus Minous (Scorpaenidae,

Minoinae) including a new species from the Indian

Ocean. Proceedings of the California Academy of

Sciences (Series 4) 41(20): 453-473.

Eschmeyer, W.N.; Herald, E.S. & Hammann, H. 1983.

A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America.

Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company.

336 p. Eschmeyer, W.N. & Rama-Rao, K.V. 1973. Two new

stonefishes (Pisces, Scorpaenidae) from the Indo-

West Pacific, with a synopsis of the subfamily

Synanceiinae. Proceedings of the California

Academy of Sciences (Series 4) 39(18): 337-382.

Esmaeili, H.R.; Masoudi, M. & Mehraban, H.R. 2014.

Assignment of Acanthopagrus populations in the

Persian Gulf drainage system of Iran to

Acanthopagrus arabicus Iwatsuki, 2013

(Perciformes: Sparidae). Iranian Journal of

Ichthyology 1(1): 23-28.

Etessami, S. 1983. Hermaphroditism in one Sparidae of

the Persian Gulf: Acanthopagrus bifasciatus

(Forssk.). Cybium 7(2): 87-91.

Fakhri, A.; Fekrandish H.; Pazira, A. & Rastgoo, A.

2015. Length-weight relationship and growth

parameters of kingfish (Scomberomorus commerson)

in the north of the Persian Gulf. Journal of Fisheries

and Aquatic Science 2015: 1-5.

FAO, Fisheries Department. 1994. World review of

highly migratory species and straddling stocks. FAO

Fish. Tech. Pap. No. 337. Rome, FAO. 70 p. Fedorov, V.V.; Chereshnev, I.A.; Nazarkin, M.V.;

Shestakov, A.V. & Volobuev, V.V. 2003. Catalog of

marine and freswater fishes of the northern part of the

Sea of Okhotsk. Vladivostok: Dalnauka, 2003. 204 p.

Figueroa, D.E.; Díaz, de.; Astarloa, J.M. & Cousseau,

M.B. 1992. Sobre la presencia de Fistularia petimba

Lacépède, 1803 (Osteichthyes, Fistulariidae).

Iheringia, Ser. Zool., Porto Alegre (73): 119-120.

Figueiredo, J.L. & Menezes, N.A. 2000. Manual de

peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. VI.Teleostei

(5). Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo.

Brazil. 116 p.

Figueiredo, J.L.de.; dos-Santos, A.P.; Yamaguti, N.;

Bernardes, R.A.; Del Bianco Rossi-Wongtschowski

C.L. 2002. Peixes da zona econômica exclusiva da

Região Sudeste-Sul do Brasil: Levantamento com

Rede de Meia-Água. São-Paulo: Editora da

Universidade de São Paulo; Imprensa Oficial do

Estado. 242 p.

Fischer, W.; Bauchot, M.L. & Schneider, M. 1987.

Fiches FAO d'identification des espèces pour les

besoins de la pêche. (Révision 1). Méditerranée et

mer Noire. Zone de Pêche 37. FAO, Rome. 1529 p.

Fischer, W.; Sousa, I.; Silva, C.de.; Freitas, A.; Poutiers,

J.M.; Schneider, W.; Borges, T.C.; Feral, J.P. &

Massinga, A. 1990. Fichas FAO de identificaçao de

espécies para actividades de pesca. Guia de campo

das espécies comerciais marinhas e de águas salobras

de Moçambique. Publicaçao preparada em

collaboraçao com o Instituto de Investigaçao

Pesquiera de Moçambique, com financiamento do

Projecto PNUD/FAO MOZ/86/030 e de NORAD.

Roma, FAO. 1990. 424 p.

Fischer, W. & Whitehead, P.J.P. 1974. FAO species

identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern

Indian Ocean (fishing area 57) and Western Central

Pacific (fishing area 71). Vols. 1-4. FAO, Rome.

pag.var.

Floeter, S.R.; Gasparini, J.L.; Rocha, L.A.; Ferreira,

C.E.L.; Rangel, C.A. & Feitoza, B.M. 2003. Brazilian

reef fish fauna: checklist and remarks (updated Jan.

2003). Brazilian Reef Fish Project:

www.brazilianreeffish.cjb.net. Fowler, H.W. 1928. The fishes of Oceania. Mem. B.P.

Bishop Museum (10): 1-540.

Fowler, H.W. & Steinitz, H. 1956. Fishes from Cyprus,

Iran, Iraq, Israel and Oman. Bulletin of the Research

Council 5B(3-4): 260-292.

Francis, M.P. 1993. Checklist of the coastal fishes of

Lord Howe, Norfolk, and Kermadec Islands,

Southwest Pacific Ocean. Pacific Scientific 47(2):

136-170.

148


Francis, M.P.; Worthington, C.J.; Saul, P. & Clements,

K.D. 1999. New and rare tropical and subtropical

fishes from northern New Zealand. New Zealand

Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 33: 571-

586.

Fraser, T.H. 2005. A review of the species in the Apogon fasciatus group with a description of a new species of

cardinalfish from the Indo-West Pacific (Perciformes:

Apogonidae). Zootaxa 924: 1-30.

Fraser-Brunner, A. 1951. Some new blennioid fishes,

with a key to the genus Antennablennius. Annals and

Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) 4(39)(21):

213-220.

Freyhof, J.; Weissenbacher, A. & Geiger, M.F. 2017.

Aphanius kruppi, a new killifish from Oman with

comments on the A. dispar species group

(Cyprinodontiformes: Aphaniidae). Zootaxa 4338(3):

557-573.

Fricke, R. 1980. Neue Fundorte und noch nicht

beschriebene Geschlechtsunterschiede einiger Arten

der Gattung Callionymus (Pisces, Perciformes,

Callionymidae), mit Bemerkungen zur Systematik

innerhalb dieser Gattung und Beschreibung einer

neuen Untergattung und einer neuen Art. Annali del

Museo Civico di Storia Naturale `Giacomo Doria' 83:

57-105.

Fricke, R. 1983. Revision of the Indo-Pacific genera and

species of the dragonet family Callionymidae

(Teleostei). J. Cramer, Braunschweig. Theses

Zoologicae 3: 1-774.

Fricke, R. 1984. Callionymidae. In: W. Fischer, G.


fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing area

51). Vol. 1, FAO, Rome. Fricke, R. 1986. Callionymidae. In: M.M. Smith, P.C.


Berlin. pp: 770-774. Fricke, R. 1999. Fishes of the Mascarene Islands

(Réunion, Mauritius, Rodriguez): an annotated

checklist, with descriptions of new species. Koeltz

Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Theses Zoologicae 31:

759 p. Fricke, R. 2008. Authorship, availability and validity of

fish names described by Peter (Pehr) Simon Forsskål

and Johann Christian Fabricius in the 'Descriptiones

animalium' by Carsten Niebuhr in 1775 (Pisces).

Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 1:

1-76.

Fricke, R. & Al-Hassan, L.A.J. 1995. Raja pita, a new

species of skate from the Arabian/Persian Gulf

(Elasmobranchii: Rajiformes). Stuttgarter Beiträge

zur Naturkunde. Serie A (Biologie) 529: 1-8.

Fricke, R.; Bogorodsky, S.V. & Mal, A.O. 2014. Review

of the genus Diplogrammus (Teleostei:

Callionymidae) of the Red Sea, with description of a

new species from Saudi Arabia. Journal of Natural

History 48(39-40): (1-30)2419-2448.

Fricke, R.; Golani, D. & Appelbaum-Golani, B. 2012.

First record of the Indian Ocean anchovy Stolephorus insularis Hardenberg, 1933 (Clupeiformes:

Engraulidae) in the Mediterranean. BioInvasions

Records 1(4): 303-306. Fricke, R.; Golani, D. & Appelbaum-Golani, B. 2016.

Diplodus levantinus (Teleostei: Sparidae), a new

species of sea bream from the southeastern

Mediterranean Sea of Israel, with a checklist and a

key to the species of the Diplodus sargus species

group. Scientia Marina 80(3): 1-16.

Fricke, R.; Golani, D. & Appelbaum-Golani, B. 2017.

Arnoglossus nigrofilamentosus n. sp., a new species

of flounder (Teleostei: Bothidae) from off the

Mediterranean coast of Israel, probably a new case of

Lessepsian migration. Scientia Marina 81(4): 257-

265.

Fricke, R.; Kulbicki, M. & Wantiez, L. 2011. Checklist

of the fishes of New Caledonia, and their distribution

in the Southwest Pacific Ocean (Pisces). Stuttgarter

Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 4: 341-463.

Fricke, R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. & van der Laan, R. 2019.

Eschmeyer's catalog of fishes: genera, species

references. https://www.calacademy.org/scientists/

projects/eschmeyers (accessed 01.09 2019).

Fritzsche, R.A. 1990. Fistulariidae. In: J.C. Quero, J.C.

Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post, L. Saldanha (Eds.).




Fritzsche, R.A. & Schneider, M. 1995. Fistulariidae.

Cornetas. In: W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C.

Sommer, K.E. Carpenter, V. Niem (Eds.). Guia FAO

para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la

Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome.

149


pp: 1104-1105.

Gallotti, A.M. 1971. Intorno all'identità di Upeneoides doriae Günther (Pisces Percoidei). Doriana 4(196): 1-

3.

Gao, G. 1991. Serranidae. In: J.-H. Pan, L. Zhong, C.-Y.

Zheng, H.-L. Wu, J.-H. Liu (Eds.). 1991. The

freshwater fishes of Guangdong Province.

Guangdong Science and Technology Press,

Guangzhou. pp: 363-371.

Garrick, J.A.F. 1985. Additions to a revision of the shark

genus Carcharhinus: synonymy of Aprionodon and

Hypoprion, and description of a new species of

Carcharhinus (Carcharhinidae). NOAA Tech. Rep.

NMFS 34. U.S. Department of Commerce, National

Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National

Marine Fisheries Service. 26 p.

Gell, F.R. & Whittington, M.W. 2002. Diversity of fishes

in seagrass beds in the Quirimba Archipelago,

northern Mozambique. Mar. Freshwat. Res. 53:115-

121.

Ghadikolaei, H.A.; Owfi, F.; Gharra, K. & Hayatbakhsh,

M. 2013. Morphology and Systematic review of

Muraenidae in Iranian Museums of the Persian Gulf

and Oman Sea's waters. International Journal of

Engineering and Advanced Technology 3: 412-417.

Ghanbarifardi, M.; Aliabadian, M.; Esmaeili, H.R. &

Polgar, G. 2014. Morphological divergence in the

Walton's mudskipper, Periophthalmus waltoni Koumans, 1941, from the Persian Gulf and Gulf of

Oman (Gobioidei: Gobiidae). Zoology in the Middle

East 60(2): 133-143.

Ghanbarifardi, M. & Malek, M. 2007. Permanent

intertidal fish from the Persian Gulf and Gulf of

Oman, Iran. Iranian Journal of Animal

Biosystematics 3: 1-14.

Ghanbarifardi, M. & Malek, M. 2009. Distribution,

diversity, and abundance of rocky intertidal fishes in

the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, Iran. Marine

Biology Research 5: 496-502.

Ghanbarzadeh, M.; Keivany, Y. & Soofiani, N.M. 2017.

Population dynamics of the sparid fish, Argyrops spinifer (Teleostei: Sparidae) in coastal waters of the

Persian Gulf. Iranian Journal of Technology Transfer

Science 2017: 1-7.

Ghanbarzadeh, M.; Soofiani, N.M.; Keivany, Y.

&Taghavi-Motlagh, S.A. 2014. Use of otolith length

and weight in age estimations of the kingsoldier

bream, Argyrops spinifer, in the Persian Gulf. Iranian

Journal of Ichthyology 1(1): 1-6.

Ghaffari, H.; Sahafi, H.H.; Engelhard, G.H. & Babaei,

M.M. 2015. Reproductive biology of largescale

tonguesole Cynoglossus arel in coastal waters of

Bandar Abbas, Persian Gulf, Iran. Animal

Reproduction Science 154: 142-157.

Gibbs, R.H.Jr. 1978. Exocoetidae. In W. Fischer (ed.)

FAO species identification sheets for fishery

purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area

31). Vol. 2. pag.var.

Gill, A.C. 2004. Revision of the Indo-Pacific dottyback

fish subfamily Pseudochrominae (Perciformes:

Pseudochromidae). Smithiana Monographs 1: 1-213,

pls. 1-12.

Gill, A.C. & Mee, J.K.L. 1993. Notes on dottyback fishes

of the genus Pseudochromis of Oman, with

description of a new species (Perciformes:

Pseudochromidae). Rev. Fr. Aquariol. 20(2): 53-60.

Gill, A.C. & Randall, J.E. 1994. Xenisthmus balius, a

new species of fish from the Persian Gulf.

Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington

107: 445-450.

Gloerfelt-Tarp, T. & Kailola, P.J. 1984. Trawled fishes

of southern Indonesia and northwestern Australia.

Australian Development Assistance Bureau,

Australia, Directorate General of Fishes, Indonesia,

and German Agency for Technical Cooperation,

Federal Republic of Germany. 407 p.

Golani, D. 1998. Distribution of Lessepsian migrant fish

in the Mediterranean. Italian Journal of Zoology

65(Supplement): 95-99.

Golani, D. 2000. First record of the bluespotted

cornetfish from the Mediterranean Sea. Journal of

Fish Biology 56(6): 1545-1547.

Golani, D. & Bogorodsky, S.V. 2010. The fishes of the

Red Sea - reappraisal and updated checklist. Zootaxa

2463: 1-135.

Golani, D.; Fricke, R. & Tikochinski, Y. 2014. Sillago suezensis, a new whiting from the northern Red Sea,

and the status of Sillago erythraea Cuvier (Teleostei:

Sillaginidae). Journal of Natural History 48(7-8):

413-428.

Golani, D.; Orsi Relini, L.; Massutí, E. & Quignard, J.P.

2002. CIESM Atlas of Exotic Species in the

150


Mediterranean. Vol. 1. Fishes. F. Briand (ed.).

CIESM Publishers, Monaco. 256 p.

Golani, D. & Sonin, O. 1992. New records of the Red

Sea fishes, Pterois miles (Scorpaenidae) and

Pteragogus pelycus (Labridae) from the eastern

Mediterranean Sea. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology

39(2): 167-169.

Golani, D. & Sonin, O. 2006. The Japanese threadfin

bream Nemipterus japonicus, a new Indo-Pacific fish

in the Mediterranean. Journal of Fish Biology 68:

940-943.

Gomon, M.F. 2017. A review of the tuskfishes, genus

Choerodon (Labridae, Perciformes), with

descriptions of three new species. Memoirs of

Museum Victoria 76: 1-111.

Gomon, M.F. & Randall, J.E. 1984. Labridae. In W.

Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species

identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western

Indian Ocean Fishing Area 51. Vol. 2.

Gon, O. 1986a. Apogonidae. In: M.M. Smith, P.C.



Gon, O. 1986b. Apogon bifasciatus Rüppell 1838, a

junior synonym of Apogon taeniatus Ehrenberg 1828,

and description of Apogon pseudotaeniatus n. sp.

(Pisces: Apogonidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica

67(1/3): 5-17.

Gon, O. 1993. Revision of the cardinalfish genus

Cheilodipterus (Perciformes: Apogonidae), with

description of five new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes

(22): 59 p.

Gon, O. 1997. Revision of the cardinalfish subgenus

Jaydia (Perciformes, Apogonidae, Apogon).

Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 51:

147-194.

Gon, O. 2000. The taxonomic status of the cardinalfish

species Apogon niger, A. nigripinnis, A. pharaonis,

A. sialis, and related species (Perciformes:

Apogonidae). The J.L.B Smith Institute of

Ichthyology Special Publication 65: 1-20.

Gon, O. & Allen, G.R. 2012. Revision of the Indo-

Pacific cardinalfish genus Siphamia. Zootaxa

3294(3294): 1-84.

Gon, O. & Randall, J.E. 2003. Revision of the Indo-

Pacific cardinalfish genus Archamia (Perciformes:

Apogonidae), with description of a new species. Indo-

Pacific Fishes 35: 1-49.

Goren, M. & Dor, M. 1994. An updated checklist of the

fishes of the Red Sea (CLOFRES II). The Academy

of Sciences and Humanities. 120 p.

Goren, M. & Aronov, A. 2002. First record of the Indo-

Pacific parrot fish Scarus ghobban in the Eastern

Mediterranean. Cybium 26(3): 239-240.

Grandcourt, E.M.; Al Abdessalaam, T.Z.; Al Shamsi,

A.T. & Francis, F. 2006a. Biology and assessment of

the painted sweetlips (Diagramma pictum (Thunberg,

1792) and the spangled emperor (Lethrinus nebulosus

(Forsskål, 1775)) in the southern Arabian Gulf.

Fishery Bulletin 104(1): 75-88.

Grandcourt, E.M.; Al Abdessalaam, T.Z. & Francis, F.

2006b. Age, growth, mortality and reproduction of

the blackspot snapper, Lutjanus fulviflamma

(Forsskål, 1775), in the southern Persian Gulf.

Fisheries Research 78(2-3): 203-210.

Grandcourt, E.M.; Al Abdessalaam, T.Z.; Francis, F. &

Al Shamsi, A.T. 2004. Population biology and

assessment of representatives of the family

Carangidae Carangoides bajad and Gnathanodon speciosus (Forsskål, 1775), in the southern Arabian

Gulf. Fisheries Research 69: 331-341.

Grandcourt, E.M.; Al Abdessalaam, T.Z.; Francis, F. &

Al Shamsi, A.T. 2006c. Fisheries biology of a short-

lived tropical species: Gerres longirostris (Lacépède,

1801) in the Arabian Gulf. ICES Journal of Marine

Science 63: 452-459.

Greenfield, D.W. 2001. Revision of the Apogon erythrinus complex (Teleostei: Apogonidae). Copeia

2001(2): 459-472.

Greenfield, D.W. 2012. Colletteichthys occidentalis, a

new toadfish species from the Arabian Peninsula and

northern Arabian Sea (Teleostei: Batrachoididae).

Zootaxa 3165: 64-68.

Greenfield, D.W. & Winterbottom, R. 2016. A key to the

dwarfgoby species (Teleostei: Gobiidae: Eviota)

described between 1871 and 2016. Journal of the

Ocean Science Foundation 24: 35-90.

Griffiths, M.H. & Heemstra, P.C. 1995. A contribution

to the taxonomy of the marine fish genus

Argyrosomus (Perciformes: Sciaenidae), with

descriptions of two new species from southern Africa.

Ichthyol. Bull., J.L.B. Smith Inst. Ichthyol. No. 65. 40

p.

151


Grove, J.S. & Lavenberg, R.J. 1997. The fishes of the

Galápagos Islands. Stanford University Press,

Stanford. 863 p.

Günther, A.C.L.G. 1869. Descriptions of two new

species of fishes discovered by the Marquis J. Doria.

Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4)

3(18)(55): 444-445.

Halstead, B.W. 1980. Dangerous marine animals.

Cornell Maritime Press, Inc., Maryland, U.S.A.

Harmelin-Vivien, M.L. & Quéro, J.C. 1990. Balistidae.

In: J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post, L.

Saldanha (Eds.). Check-list of the fishes of the eastern

tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI,

Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. pp: 1055-1060.

Harmelin-Vivien, M.L. & Quéro, J.C. 1990.

Monacanthidae. In: J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C.

Karrer, A. Post, L. Saldanha (Eds.). Check-list of the

fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA).

JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol.

2. pp: 1061-1066.

Harold, A.S. & Golani, D. 2016. Occurrence of the

smallscale codlet, Bregmaceros nectabanus in the

Mediterranean Sea, previously misidentified as B. atlanticus in this region. Marine Biodiversity Records

9: 1-7.

Harrison, I.J.; Miller, P.J. & Pezold, F. 2003. Gobiidae.

In: C. Lévêque, D. Paugy, G.G. Teugels (Eds.). Faune

des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique

de l'Ouest, Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40.

Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren,

Belgique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle,

Paris, France and Institut de Recherche pour le

Développement, Paris, France. pp: 625-666

Harrison, I.J. & Senou, H. 1997. Order Mugiliformes.

Mugilidae. Mullets. In: K.E. Carpenter, V.H. Niem

(Eds.). FAO species identification guide for fishery

purposes. The living marine resources of the Western

Central Pacific. Volume 4. Bony fishes part 2

(Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome. pp: 2069-

2108.

Haseli, M.; Malek, M.; Valinasab, T. & Palm, H.W.

2010. Trypanorhynch cestodes of teleost fish from the

Persian Gulf, Iran. Journal of Helminthology 1-10.

Hata, H. & Motomura, H. 2016. Two new species of the

genus Encrasicholina (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae):

E. intermedia from the western Indian Ocean and E.

gloria from the Persian Gulf, Red Sea and

Mediterranean. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 64: 79-

88.

Heemstra, P.C. 1984. Monodactylidae. In: W. Fischer,

G. Bianchi (Eds.). FAO species identification sheets

for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing

Area 51). Vol. 3. FAO, Rome. [pag. var.].

Heemstra, P.C. 1986. Sciaenidae. In: M.M. Smith, P.C.



Heemstra, P.C. 1995. Additions and corrections for the

1995 impression. In: M.M. Smith, P.C. Heemstra

(Eds.). Revised Edition of Smiths' Sea Fishes.

Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp: v-xv.

Heemstra, P.C. & Akhilesh, K.V. 2012. A review of the

anthiine fish genus Pseudanthias (Perciformes:

Serranidae) of the western Indian Ocean, with

description of a new species and a key to the species.

Aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology 18(3):

121-164.

Heemstra, P.C. & Randall, J.E. 1993. FAO Species

Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family

Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated

and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod,

hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date.

Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16): 382 p.

Hensley, D.A. 1986. Bothidae. In: M.M. Smith, P.C.



Hensley, D.A. & Amaoka, K. 2001. Bothidae. Lefteye

flounders. In: K.E. Carpenter, V. Niem (Eds.). FAO



Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to

Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. pp:

3799-3841.

Herre, A.W.C.T. 1953. Check list of Philippine fishes.

Res. Rep. U.S. Fish Wild. Serv., (20): 977 p.

Hoese D.F. 1986. Gobiidae. In: M.M. Smith, P.C.



Hoese, D.F. & Larson, H.K. 1994. Revision of the Indo-

Pacific gobiid fish genus Valenciennea, with

descriptions of seven new species. Indo-Pacific

Fishes 23: 1-71.

Holleman, W. 2005. A review of the triplefin fish genus

152


Enneapterygius (Blennioidei: Tripterygidae) in the

western Indian Ocean, with descriptions of four new

species. Smithiana, Publications in Aquatic

Biodiversity, Bulletin 5: 1-25.

Holly, M. 1929. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Fischfauna

Persiens. Zoologischer Anzeiger 85(5-8): 183-185.

Hosseini, S.H.; Alinezhad, S.; Mobedi, I.; Halahian, A.;

Karimi, E.; Ahoo M.B. & Yasemi, M. 2013. Study on

the parasites of Pseudorhombus elevatus, Psettodes erumei and Brachirus orientalis from the Persian

Gulf, Iran. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Science 12(4):

827-835.

Hoveizavi, S.; Doustshenas, B.; Eskandari, G.; Savari,

A.; Mohammadasgari, H. & Jamali, H. 2016. Length-

weight relationships for eight species of by-catch and

discard fishes in the fishing grounds of Khuzestan

coastal waters (northwest Persian Gulf). Advances in

Bioresearch 7(3): 71-72.

Humann, P. & Deloach, N. 1993. Reef fish identification.

Galápagos. New World Publications, Inc., Florida.

267 p.

Humann, P. 1994. Reef fish identification: Florida,

Caribbean, Bahamas. New World Publications,

Jacksonville, Florida. 426 p.

Hureau, J.C. 1991. La base de données GICIM: Gestion

informatisée des collections ichthyologiques du

Muséum. In: Atlas Préliminaire des Poissons d'Eau

Douce de France. Conseil Supérieur de la Pêche,

Ministère de l'Environnement, CEMAGREF et

Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. pp: 225-

227.

Hussain, N.A.; Ali, T.S. & Naama, A.K. 1994. The effect

of a heavy river flood on the fish assemblage structure

in Khor Al-Zubair, northwestern Arabian Gulf, Iraq.

Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 24(2): 25-34.

Hussain, N.A.; Mohamed, A.R.M. & Yabir, A.A. 2004.

Some biological aspects of wolf herring, Chirocentrus nudus, from the Shatt Al-Arab Eastuary, Northwest

Arabian Gulf. Marina Mesopotamica 19(2): 189-198.

Hussain, N.A.; Mohamed, A.R.M.; Younis, K.H. &

Mutlak, F.M. 1999. The biology of Bathygobius fuscus (Ruppell) at the intertidal mudflats of Khor Al-

Zubair Lagoon North West Persian Gulf. Marina

Mesopotamica 14(1): 119-132.

Hussain, N.A.; Mohamed, A.R.M.; Younis, K.H. &

Mutlak, F.M. 2001. Biology of juveniles and

immature Acanthopagrus latus in tidal pools of Khor

Al-Zubair Lagoon, Iraq. Marina Mesopotamica

16(1): 59-68.

Hussain, N.A.; Naiama, A.K. & Al-Hassan, L.A.J. 1988.

Annotated check list of the fish fauna of Khor Al-

Zubair, north west of the Arabian Gulf, Iraq. Acta

Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 18: 17-24.

Hussain, S. & Jawad, L.A. 2014. First records of

Opisthognathus muscatensis Boulenger, 1888

(Opisthognathidae), Trachinotus baillonii (Lacepède,

1801), and Atrobucca nibe (Jordan & Thompson,

1911) (Sciaenidae) off the Iraq coast, Arabian Gulf.

International Journal of Marine Science 4(28): 253-

258.

Hussein, S.A.; Mohamed, A.R.M. & Jabir, A.A. 2002.

Composition and seasonal variations in diet of young

Polydactylus sextarius (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)

from Iraqi marine waters, North West Persian Gulf.

Marina Mesopotamica 17(1): 89-100.

Hutchins, J.B. 1984. Monacanthidae. In: W. Fischer, G.



Area 51). Vol. 3. FAO, Rome. pag. var.

Hutchins, J.B. 1986. Monacanthidae. In: M.M. Smith,


Verlag, Berlin. pp: 882-887.

Hutchins, J.B. 1997. Review of the monacanthid fish

genus Paramonacanthus, with descriptions of three

new species. Records of the Western Australian

Museum, Supplement 54: 1-57.

Inoue, T. & Nakabo, T. 2006. The Saurida undosquamis

group (Aulopiformes: Synodontidae), with

description of a new species from southern Japan.

Ichthyological Research 53(4): 379-397.

Ishihara, H.; Taniuchi, T.; Tanaka, S. & Srivastava, M.P.

1998. Investigation of the freshwater elasmobranchs

in the River Ganges. In: Adaptability and

conservation of freshwater elasmobranchs. Report of

Research Project, Grant-in-Aid for International

Scientific Research (Field Research) in the financial

year of 1996 and 1997. pp: 41-55.

Ismail, W.A. & Clayton, D.A. 1990. Biology of

Omobranchus punctatus (Blenniidae) on rocky shores

of Kuwait. Cybium 14(4): 285-293.

IUCN, 2017. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

Version 2017-1. Downloaded on 18 May 2017.

153


Iwatsuki, Y. 2013. Review of the Acanthopagrus latus

complex (Perciformes: Sparidae) with descriptions of

three new species from the Indo-West Pacific Ocean.

Journal of Fish Biology 83(1): 64-95.

Iwatsuki, Y.; Bogorodsky, S.V.; Tanaka, F.; Mal, A.O.

& Ali, A.H. 2015. Range extension of Gerres infasciatus (Perciformes: Gerreidae) from the Red

Sea and the Persian Gulf, with distributional

implications for the G. filamentosus complex.

Cybium 39(2):155-160.

Iwatsuki, Y.; Bogorotsky, S.V.; Tanaka, F.; Mal, A.O. &

Ali, A.H. 2015. Range extension of Gerres infasciatus

(Perciformes: Gerreidae) from the Rd Sea and the

Arabian Gulf, with distributional implications for the

G. filamentosus complex. Cybium 39(2): 155-160.

Iwatsuki, Y. & Carpenter, K.E. 2009. Acanthopagrus randalli (Perciformes: Sparidae), a new black

seabream from the Persian Gulf. Zootaxa 2267: 43-

54.

Iwatsuki, Y.; Kume, M. & Yoshino, T. 2010. A new

species, Acanthopagrus pacificus from the Western

Pacific (Pisces, Sparidae). Bulletin of the National

Museum of Nature and Science, Series A 36(4): 115-

130.

Iwatsuki, Y. & Maclaine, J. 2013. Validity of Crenidens macracanthus Günther 1874 (Pisces: Sparidae) from

Chennai (Madras), India, with taxonomic statuses of

the congeners. Ichthyological Research 60(3): 241-

248.

Jabado, R.W. 2018. The fate of the most threatened order

of elasmobranchs: Shark-like batoides

(Rhinopristiformes) in the Arabian Sea and asjacent

waters. Fisheries Research 204: 448-457.

Jabado, R.W.; Al-Baharna, R.A.; Al-Ali, S.R.; Al-

Suwaidi, K.O.; Al-Blooshi, A.Y. & Al-Dhaheri, S. S.

2017. Is this the last stand of the critically endangered

green sawfish Pristis zijsron in the Arabian Gulf?

Endangered Species Research 32: 265-275.

Jabado, R.W.; Al Ghais, S.M.; Hamza, W.; Henderson,

A.C. & Ahmad, M.A. 2013. First record of the sand

tiger shark, Carcharias taurus, from United Arab

Emirate waters. Marine Biodiversity Records 6(e27):

1-4.


A.C. & Al Mesafri, A.A. 2015a. Diet of two

commercially important shark species in the United

Arab Emirates: milk shark, Rhizoprionodon acutus

(Rüppell, 1837), and slit.-eye shark, Loxodon macrorhinus (Müller & Henle, 1839). Journal of

Applied Ichthyology 2015: 1-6.


A.C.; Spaet, J.L.Y.; Shivji, M.S. & Hanner, R.H.

2015b. The trade in sharks and their products in the

United Arab Emirates. Biological Conservation 181:

190-198.

Jabado, R.W.; Al Ghais, S.M.; Hamza, W.; Shivji, M.S.

& Henderson, A.C. 2014. Shark diversity in the

Arabian/Persian Gulf higher than previously thought:

insights based on species composition of shark

landings in the United Arab Emirates. Marine

Biodiversity, 45(4): 719-731.

Jabado, R.W. & Ebert, D.A. 2015. Sharks of Arabian

seas: an identification guide. IFAW, Dubai. 240 p.

Japan International Cooperation Agency. 1987. The

fisheries resources survey in Fiji and Tuvalu. Figures

and tables. Japan International Cooperation Agency,

April 1987.

Jawad, L.A. 2013. Confirmed record of Monodactylus argenteus (Linnaeus, 1758 (Family Monodactylidae)

from Jubail, Saudi Arabia, Persian Gulf. Arxius de

Miscellània Zoològica 11: 158-162.

Jawad, L.A. 2014. Caudal fin deformity in the wild silver

pomfret Pampus argenteus collected from the

Arabian Gulf coasts of Oman. International Journal of


Jawad, L.A. 2016a. Acanthotoxic (venomous) fishes

from the coastal area of Iraq, north-western Arabian

Gulf - some notes on the injuries that they cause to

locals. In: E.K. Martinez (Ed.). Coastal fishes:

habitat, behavior and conservation. Nova, New York.

pp: 163-191.

Jawad, L.A. 2016b. Coastal fishes of Iraq: a potential

clupeotoxin and scombrotoxin contributors. In: E.K.

Martinez (Ed.). Coastal fishes: habitat, behavior and

conservation. Nova, New York. pp: 219-236.

Jawad, L.A. 2016c. Penetrating injury incidences caused

by needlefish species in the coastal area of Iraq, north-

west Arabian Gulf In: E.K. Martinez (Ed.):. Coastal

fishes: habitat, behavior and conservation. Nova,

New York. pp: 237-248.

Jawad, L.A. 2017. Dangerous fishes of the eastern and

southern Arabian Peninsula. Springer, Cham (for

154


2018). 323 p.

Jawad, L.A. & Al-Badri, M.E. 2014. Lophiomus setigerus (Vahl, 1797), Nemipterus zysron (Bleeker,

1856), and Parascolopsis eriomma (Jordan &

Richardson, 1909) (Osteichthys: Lophiidae and

Nemipteridae) in the marine waters off Iraq. Zoology

in the Middle East 60(2): 186-188.

Jawad, L.A. & Al-Badri, M.E. 2015. Bodianus macrognathos (Teleostei: Labridae), Coris nigrotaenia (Teleostei: Labridae) and Bothus pantherinus (Teleostei: Bothidae) in the Iraqi marine

waters. North-Western Journal of Zoology 11(2):

347-350.

Jawad, L.A.; Al-Badri, M.E. & Fricke, R. 2014a. New

records of thicklips and grunts from the marine waters

of Iraq (Teleostei: Haemulidae). Journal of the Ocean

Sciense Foundation 12: 18-24.

Jawad, L.A.; Al-Mukhtar, M.A.; Al-Faisal, A.J. &

Hammed, T. 2014b. New Record of Neobythites steatiticus Alcock, 1894 (Actinopterygii: Ophidiidae)

from the marine waters of Iraq. International Journal

of Marine Science 4: 1-3.

Jawad, L.A.; Al-Mukhtar, M.; Al-Hilali, H.I.; Al-Faisal,

A.J. & Al-Derawi, A.M. 2014c. Occurrence of

pineconefish Monocentris japonica (Teleostei:

Monocentridae) in the marina waters of Iraq. Marine

Biodiversity Records 7(e102): 1-3.

Jawad, L.A.; Al-Mukhtar, M. & Faddagh, M.S. 2014d.

Confirmation of the presence of Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Chaetodontidae) and

Pomacanthus maculosus (Forsskål, 1775)

(Pomacanthidae) in Iraqi marine waters, Persian Gulf.

Arxius de Miscel•lània Zoològica 12: 124-129.

Jawad, L.A. & Bannai, M. 2014. Characterization of

hyperostosis in Platax teira (Forsskål, 1775) collected

from marine water of Iraq, North West Arabian Gulf.

Sky Journal of Agricultural Research 3(6): 109-111.

Jawad, L.A. & Hussain, S. 2014. First record of

Antennarius indicus (Pisces: Batrachoidiformes:

Antennaridae), Equulites elongatus (Pisces:

Perciformes: Leiognathidae) and second record of

Cheilinus lunulatus (Pisces: Perciformes: Labridae)

from the Marine Waters of Iraq. International Journal


Jawad, L.A.; Hussein, S.A. & Bulbi, F. 2011. Ranzania laevis (Pennant, 1776) (Tetraodontiformes, Molidae):

a rare fish in marine waters of Iraq. Journal of Applied

Ichthyology 27: 1116-1118.

Jawad, L.A. & Ibrahim, M. 2013. Confirmed record of

whitebarred rubberlip, Plectorhinchus playfairi (Pellegrin, 1914) (Pisces: Haemulidae) from Jubail,

Saudi Arabia, Arabian Gulf. International Journal of


Jawad, L.A. & Ibrahim, M. 2014. A reported case of

malpigmentation in the pearl spotted rabbitfish

Siganus canaliculatus (Park, 1797) (family:

Siganidae) obtained from Jubail area, Arabian Gulf,

Saudi Arabia. Bollettino del Museo di Storia Naturale

di Verona, Botania Zoologia 38: 189-192.

Jawad, L.A. & Ibrahim, M. 2017a. Partial and hyper-

melanic pigmentation in fishes of the family

Carangidae collected from Jubail area, Arabian Gulf,

Saudi Arabia. Regional Studies in Marine Science 16:

249-253.

Jawad, L.A. & Ibrahim, M. 2017b. On some cases of fish

anomalies in fishes from the Port of Jubail, Saudi

Arabia, Arabian Gulf. International Journal of Marine

Science 7(20): 188-199.

Jawad, L.A. & Ibrahim, M. 2018a. Environmental oil

pollution: a possible cause for the incidence of

ankylosis, kyphosis, lordosis and scoliosis in five fish

species collected from the viocinity of Jubail City,

Saudi Arabia, Arabian Gulf. International Journal of

Environmental Studies 2018: 1-18.

Jawad, L.A. & Ibrahim, M. 2018b. Partial xanthism and

xanthic phenotype in two fish species from Jubail

City, Arabian Gulf, Saudi Arabia. Cahiers de

Biologie Marine 59: 37-42.

Jawad, L.A. & Ibrahim, M. 2018c. First records of anal

fin deformity in fishes collecte from Jubail City,

Saudi Arabia, Arabian Gulf. Thalassas 2018: 1-8.

Jawad, L.A.; Louisy, P. & Al-Mamry, J.M. 2010. First

record of Enneapterygius pusillus (Tripterygiidae) in

the Oman Sea (Gulf of Oman). Cybium 34: 399-400.

Jawad, L.A.; Nithyanandan, M.; Raja, D.K.; Kesavan, R.

& Pereira, D. 2015. First record of the pixie triplefin

Enneapterygius pusillus (Pisces: Tripterygiidae) and

confirmation of the presence of cheekspot blenny

Parablennius opercularis (Blenniidae) in the north

Persian Gulf. Marine Biodiversity Records 8: 1-4.

Jawad, L.A. & Sadighzadeh, Z. 2012. Otolith mass

asymmetry in three pelagic fish species collected

155


from the Persian Gulf near Bandar Abbas. Water

Research and Management 2(2): 61-66.

Jawad, L.A.; Sadighzadeh, Z.; Salarpouri, A. &

Aghouzbeni, S. 2013. Anal fin deformity in the

longfin trevally, Carangoides armatus (Rüppell 1830)

collected from Nayband, Persian Gulf. Korean

Journal of Ichthyology 25(3): 169-172.

Johnson, M.S.; Hebbert, D.R. & Moran, M.J. 1993.

Genetic analysis of populations of north-western

Australian fish species. Australian Journal of Marine

and Freshwater Research 44(5):673-685.

Jonathan, K.L.Mee. 1996. A review and key to the

apogonid fishes (Pisces: Perciformes) of the

Northwestern Arabian Sea and Southern Gulf of

Oman, with description of two new species. Oregon

State University, Master of Science thesis.

Jonathan, K.L.M. 1996. Apogon dhofar, a new

cardinalfish (Perciformes: Apogonidae) from the

northwestern Indian Ocean. Journal of South Asian

Natural History 2: 103-112.

Kailola, P.J. 1987. The fishes of Papua New Guinea: a

revised and annotated checklist. Vol. II Scorpaenidae

to Callionymidae. Research Bulletin No. 41,

Research Section, Dept. of Fisheries and Marine

Resources, Papua New Guinea.

Kailola, P.J. 1991. The fishes of Papua New Guinea: a

revised and annotated checklist. Vol. III. Gobiidae to

Molidae. Research Bulletin No. 41, Research Section,

Dept. of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Papua New

Guinea. 153 p.

Kailola, P.J.; Williams, M.J.; Stewart, P.C.; Reichelt,

R.E.; McNee, A. & Grieve, C. 1993. Australian

fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences,

Canberra, Australia. 422 p.

Kami,. H.T. 1971. Check-list of Guam fishes,

supplement I. Micronesica 7(1-2): 215-228.

Kami, H.T. 1975. Check-list of Guam fishes, supplement

II. Micronesica 11(1): 115-121.

Kapoor, D.; Dayal, R. & Ponniah, A.G. 2002. Fish

biodiversity of India. National Bureau of Fish Genetic

Resources Lucknow, India.775 p.

Katayama, E. & Endo, H. 2010. Redescription of a

sanddiver, Trichonotus blochii (Actinopterygii:

Perciformes: Trichonotidae), with confimation of its

validity. Species Diversity 15(1): 1-10.

Katayama, E.; Motomura, H. & Endo, H. 2012. A new

species of Trichonotus (Perciformes: Trichonotidae)

from Somalia and redescription of Trichonotus cyclograptus (Alcock, 1890) with designation of a

lectotype. Zootaxa 3565: 31-43.

Kazemian, M.; Owfi, F. & Ghadikolaie, H.A. 2008.

Study on systematic and taxonomic of

Anguilliformes order in the Persian Gulf and Oman

Sea's Iranian waters. PhD Thesis, Islamic Azad

University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran.

180 p.

Ketabi, R.; Esmaeili, H.R.; Echreshavi, S. & Jamili, S.

2017. A note on the cinnabar goatfish, Parupeneus heptacanthus (Lacepède, 1802) from northern parts of

the Persian Gulf and the Makran Sea (Teleostei:

Mullidae). FishTaxa 2(4): 195-200.

Khalaf, K.T. 1961. The marine and fresh water fishes of

Iraq. Ar-Rabitta Press, Baghdad. 164 p.

Kim, M.J.; Kim, B.Y.; Kim, J.S. & Song, C.B. 2012.

Two unrecorded species of the snapper (Perciformes)

from the Gulf. Fauna of Arabia 18: 323-335.

Kimura S.; Kimura, R. & Ikejima, K. 2008. Revision of

the genus Nuchequula with descriptions of three new

species (Perciformes: Leiognathidae). Ichthyological

Research 55(1): 22-42.

Klausewitz, W. 1969. Pomacanthus maculosus (Forskal)

und Zebrasoma xanthurum (Blyth), zwei

Neunachweise für den Persischen Golf (Pisces,

Teleostei, Pomacanthidae und Acanthuridae).

Senckenbergiana Biologica 50(1-2): 47-48.

Klausewitz, W. 1994. Comparative studies on the

vertical distribution of bathybenthic deep-sea fishes

of the Red Sea. Proc. IPFC 4: 462-468.

Knapp, L.W. 1984. Platycephalidae. In W. Fischer and

G. Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets

for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean (Fishing


Koochaknejad, E. 2011. (First reported occurrence of

Tanzania laevis in the Persian Gulf). Pers. Comm. by

Emad Koochaknejad (Email: [email protected]), South

Iran Aquaculture Research center (SIARC), 20 Feb.

2011.

Kottelat, M.; Whitten, A.J.; Kartikasari, S.N. &

Wirjoatmodjo, S. 1993. Freshwater fishes of Western

Indonesia and Sulawesi. Periplus Editions, Hong

Kong. 221 p.

Koumans, F.P. 1941. Gobioid fishes of India. Memoirs

156


of the Indian Museum 13(3): 205-329.

Koumans, F.P. 1953. Gobioidea. In M. Weber and L. de

Beaufort (eds.) Fishes of the Indo-Australian

Archipelago, Vol. 10. E.J. Brill, Leiden. 423 p.

Kousha, A.; Askarian, F.; Ghate, H.V.; Emadi, H. &

Wosoughi, G. 2008. Case report of Cynoglossus persicus (Persian tonguefish) - a new species record

of flat fish (Cynoglossidae) from Iran seacoast. World

Journal of Zoology 3: 81-82.

Kovačić, M.; Bogorodsky, S.V. & Mal, A.O. 2014. Two

new species of Coryogalops (Perciformes: Gobiidae)

from the Red Sea. Zootaxa 3881(6): 513-531.

Kovačić, M.; Bogorodsky, S.V. & Mal, A.O. 2016. A

new species of Coryogalops (Perciformes: Gobiidae)

and the first adult record of Feia nympha from the Red

Sea. Zootaxa 4097(3): 341-352.

Kovaçiç, M. & Golani, D. 2007. First record of

Papillogobius melanobranchus in the Mediterranean

Sea and new data on geographic distributions,

bathymetric ranges and morphology of several small

benthic fishes in the Levant. Cybium 31(4): 417-425.

Krishna, N.M.; Rao, G.V. & Rabu, R.L. 2016. First

record of spotfin cardinalfish Jaydia queketti (Gilchrist, 1903) (Actinopterygii: Perciformes:

Apogonidae), from Visakhapatnam, Middle East

coast of India. International Journal of Fisheries and

Aquaculture 6(2): 64-67.

Krupp, F. 1991. Die Fauna des Persisch/Arabischen

Golfes und seiner Küsten. Natur und Museum 121(4):

97-110.

Krupp, F.; Almarri, M.; Zajonz, U.; Carpenter, K.;

Almatar, S. & Zetzsche, H. 2000. Twelve new records

of fishes from the Gulf. Fauna of Arabia 18: 323-335.

Krupp, F. & Müller, T. 1994. The status of fish

populations in the northern Persian Gulf two years

after the 1991 Gulf War oil spill. Courier

Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 166: 67-75.

Kuiter, R.H. 1992. Tropical reef-fishes of the western

Pacific Indonesia and adjacent waters. Gramedia

Pustaka Utama, Jakarta. 314 p.

Kulbicki, M.; Mou-Tham, G.; Thollot, P. & Wantiez, L.

1993. Length-weight relationships of fish from the

lagoon of New Caledonia. Naga ICLARM Q 16(2-3):

26-29.

Kuronuma, K. & Abe, Y. 1972. Fishes of Kuwait.

Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City.

123 p.

Kuronuma, K. & Abe, Y. 1986. Fishes of Kuwait.

Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City.

357 p.

Lachner, E.A. 1951. Studies of certain apogonid fishes

from the Indo-Pacific, with descriptions of three new

species. Proceedings of the United States National

Museum 101(3290): 581-610.

Lachner, E.A. 1954. A revision of the goatfish genus

Upeneus with descriptions of two new species.

Proceedings of the United States National Museum

103(3330): 497-532.

Lachner, E.A. 1986. Echeneididae. In: P.J.P. Whitehead,

M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen, E. Tortonese

(Eds.). Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the

Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 3. pp: 1329-

1334.

Lachner, E.A. & McKinney, J.F. 1978. A revision of the

Indo-Pacific fish genus Gobiopsis with descriptions

of four new species (Pisces: Gobiidae). Smithsonian

Contributions to Zoology 262: 1-52.

Lal-Mohan, R.S. 1984. Sciaenidae. In W. Fischer and G.

Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for



Lane, W.H. 1916. The game fishes of the Persian Gulf.

Part I. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society

24(4): 722-748.

Lane, W.H. 1917. The game fishes of the Persian Gulf.

Part II. Journal of the Bombay Natural History

Society 25(1): 121-135.

Lanfranco, G.G. 1996. The fish around Malta (Central

Mediterranean). Progress Press Co. Ltd. (Malta). 132

p.

Larson, H.K. & Buckle, D.J. 2012. A revision of the

goby genus Gnatholepis Bleeker (Teleostei,

Gobiidae, Gobionellinae), with description of a new

species. Zootaxa 3529: 1-69.

Last, P.R.; Manjaji-Matsumoto, B.M. & Moore, A.B.M.

2012. Himantura randalli sp. nov., a new whipray

(Myliobatoidea: Dasyatidae) from the Persian Gulf.

Zootaxa 3327: 20-32.

Last, P.R.; Manjaji-Matsumoto, B.M.; Naylor, G.J.P. &

White, W.T. 2016a. 25. Stingrays. Family

Dasyatidae. In: P.R. Last, W.T. White, M.R. de

Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann, G.J.P. Naylor

157


(Eds.). Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing,

Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London.

pp: 522-618.

Last, P.R.; Séret, B.; Stehmann, M.F.W. & Weigmann,

S. 2016b. 19. Skates. Family Rajidae. In: P. R. Last,

W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W.

Stehmann, G.J.P. Naylor (Eds.). Rays of the World.

CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates,

Ithaca and London. pp: 204-363.

Last, P.R. & Stevens, J.D. 1994. Sharks and rays of

Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p.

Last, P.R.; White, W.T. & Jones, C.M. 2016c. 32.

Cownose Rays. Family Rhinopteridae. In: P.R. Last,




Ithaca and London: pp: 732-740.

Last, P.R.; White, W.T. & Naylor, G.J.P. 2016d. 8.

Sawfishes. Family Pristidae. In: P.R. Last, W.T.

White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W.




Last, P. R., White, W.T. & Séret, B. 2016e. 9.

Wedgefishes. Family Rhinidae. In: P.R. Last, W.T.

White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W.




Lee, J.U. & Al-Baz, A.F. 1989. Assessment of fish stocks

exploited by fish traps in the Arabian Gulf area. Asian

Fisheries Science 2(2): 213-231.

Leis, J.M. 1986. Diodontidae. In: M.M. Smith, P.C.



Leis, J.M. 2001. Diodontidae. Porcupine fishes

(burrfishes). In: K.E. Carpenter, V. Niem (Eds.). FAO



Pacific. Vol. 6. Bony fishes part 4 (Labridae to

Latimeriidae), estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. pp:

3958-3965.

Letourneur, Y.; Kulbicki, M. & Labrosse, P. 1998.

Length-weight relationships of fish from coral reefs

and lagoons of New Caledonia, southwestern Pacific

Ocean: an update. Naga ICLARM Q 21(4):39-46.

Letourneur, Y.; Chabanet, P.; Durville, P.; Taquet, M.;

Teissier, E.; Parmentier, M.; Quéro, J.-C. & Pothin,

K. 2004. An updated checklist of the marine fish

fauna of Reunion Island, south-western Indian Ocean.

Cybium 28(3):199-216.

Lewis, A.D. & Pring, C.K. 1986. Freshwater and

brackishwater fish and fisheries of Fiji. In: T. Petr

(Ed.). Reports and papers presented at the Indo-

Pacific Fishery Commission Expert Consultation on

inland fisheries of the larger Indo-Pacific islands.

Bangkok, Thailand, 4-6 August 1986. FAO Fish.

Rep. pp: 38-59.

Lieske, E. & Myers, R. 1994. Collins Pocket Guide.

Coral reef fishes. Indo-Pacific & Caribbean including

the Red Sea. Haper Collins Publishers. 400 p.

Lourie, S.A.; Foster, S.J.; Cooper, W.T. & Vincent,

A.C.J. 2004. A guide to the identification of

seahorses. Vancouver. 114 p.

Lourie, S.A.; Pollom, R.A. & Foster, S.J. 2016. A global

revision of the seahorses Hippocampus Rafinesque

1810 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathiformes): taxonomy

and biogeography with recommendations for further

research. Zootaxa 4146(1): 1-66.

Lourie, S.A.; Vincent, A.C.J. & Hall, H.J. 1999.

Seahorses: an identification guide to the world's

species and their conservation. Project Seahorse,

London. 214 p.

Lubbock, R. 1975. Fishes of the family

Pseudochromidae (Perciformes) in the northwest

Indian Ocean and Red Sea. Journal of Zoology

(London) 176(1): 115-157.

Lubbock, R. 1977. Fishes of the family

Pseudochromidae (Perciformes) in the western Indian

Ocean. Ichthyological Bulletin of the J. L. B. Smith

Institute of Ichthyology 35: 1-28.

Lubbock, R. & Edwards, A. 1981. The fishes of Saint

Paul's Rocks. Journal of Fish Biology 18:135-157.

Magoulas, A.; Sophronides, K.; Patarnello, T.;

Hatzilaris, E. & Zouros, E. 1995. Mitochondrial DNA

variation in an experimental stock of Gilthead Sea

bream (Sparus aurata). Molecular Marine Biology

and Biotechnology 4(2): 110-116.

Mahdi, N. 1950. Fishes of Iraq. Baghdad. 82 p.

Mahdi, N. & Georg, P.V. 1969. Pisces. (Pp. 1-25). In: A

systematic list of the vertebrates of Iraq. Pisces.

University of Baghdad, Iraq Natural History

158


Museum, Publication 26: 1-100.

Maigret, J. & Ly, B. 1986. Les poissons de mer de

Mauritanie. Science Nat., Compiègne. 213 p.

Marquet, G. 1993. Etude biogeographique de la faune

d'eau douce de Polynesie Francaise. Biogeographica

69(4): 157-170.

Masuda, H.; Amaoka, K.; Araga, C.; Uyeno, T. &

Yoshino, T. 1984. The fishes of the Japanese

Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo,

Japan. 437 p.

Masuda, H.; Araga, C. & Yoshino, T. 1975. Coastal

fishes of southern Japan. Tokai University Press,

Tokyo, Japan. 382 p.

Maugé, L.A. 1986. Gobiidae. In: J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse,

D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (Eds.). Check-list

of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB,


Vol. 2. pp: 358-388.

McCosker, J.E. & Rosenblatt, R.H. 1995. Muraenidae.

Morenas. In: W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C.




pp: 1303-1315.

McEachran, J.D. & Capapé, C. 1984. Rhinopteridae. In:

P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J.

Nielsen, E. Tortonese (Eds.). Fishes of the north-

eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO,

Paris. Vol. 1. pp: 208-209.

McKay, R.J. 1984. Haemulidae. In: W. Fischer, G.




McKay, R.J. 1985. A revision of the fishes of the family

Sillaginidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum

22(1): 1-73.

McKay, R.J. 1992. Sillaginid fishes of the world.

(Family Sillaginidae). An annotated and illustrated

catalogue of the Sillago, Smelt or Indo-Pacific

whiting species known to date. FAO Species

Catalogue. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization

of the United Nations) Fisheries Synopsis 125(14): 1-

87.

McKay, R.J. & McCarthy, L.J. 1989. A revision of the

sillaginid fishes of the Arabian Gulf with a

description of Sillago arabica new species. Memoirs

of the Queensland Museum 27(2): 551-553.

Menni, R.C. & Lucifora, L.O. 2007. Condrictios de la

Argentina y Uruguay. ProBiota, FCNyM, UNLP,

Serie Técnica-Didáctica, La Plata, Argentina 11: 1-

15.

Menon, A.G.K. 1977. A systematic monograph of the

tongue soles of the genus Cynoglossus Hamilton-

Buchanan (Pisces: Cynoglossidae). Smithsonian


Menon, M.A.S. 1960. On a third collection of fish from

Iraq. Records of the Indian Museum 54 (3-4): 139-

158.

Miller, P.J. 1990. Periophthalmidae. In: J.C. Quéro, J.C.





Misra, K.S. 1947. On a second collection of fish from

Iraq. Records of the Indian Museum 45: 115-127.

Moazzam, M. & Osmany, H.B. 2014. Occurrence of

sawfish (family: Pristidae) Pakistan. International

Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 11(1): 97-102.

Mohamed, A.R.M.; Hussein, S.A. & Abood, A.N. 2016.

Occurrence of Speigler's mullet, Osteomugil speigleri (Bleeker, 1858) in the Iraqi marine waters, Northwest

Arabian Gulf. Asian Journal of Applied Sciences

4(4): 824-832.

Mohsin, A.K.M.; Ambak, M.A. & Salam, M.N.A. 1993.

Malay, English, and scientific names of the fishes of

Malaysia. Occas. Publ. Fac. Fish. Mar. Sci. Univ.

Pertanian Malays 11: 226 p.

Møller, P.R. & Schwarzhans, W. 2008. Review of the

Dinematichthyini (Teleostei: Bythitidae) of the Indo-

Pacific. Part IV. Dinematichthys and two new genera

with descriptions of nine new species. The Beagle,

Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the

Northern Territory 24: 87-146.

Monkolprasit, S.; Sontirat, S.; Vimollohakarn, S. &

Songsirikul, T. 1997. Checklist of Fishes in Thailand.

Office of Environmental Policy and Planning,

Bangkok, Thailand. 353 p.

Moore, A.B.M. 2011. Elasmobranchs of the Persian

(Arabian) Gulf: ecology, human aspects and research

priorities for their improved management. Reviews in

Fish Biology and Fisheries 22: 35-61.

Moore, A.B.M.; Compagno, L.J.V. & Fergusson, I.K.

159


2007. The Persian Gulf’s sole great white shark

Carcharodon carcharias (Lamniformes: Lamnidae)

record from Kuwait: misidentification of a sandtiger

shark Carcharias taurus (Lamniformes:

Odontaspididae). Zootaxa 1591: 67-68.

Moore, A.B.M.; Henderson, A.C.; Farrell, E.D. &

Weekes, L.B. 2016. Biological data from a data-

deficient shark: the Arabian smoothhound Mustelus mosis (Carcharhiniformes: Triakidae). Journal of


Moore, A.B.M.; McCarthy, I.D.; Carvalho, G.R. &

Peirce, R. 2012a. Species, sex, size and male maturity

composition of previously unreported elasmobranch

landings in Kuwait, Qatar and Abu Dhabi Emirate.


Moore, A.B.M.; Ward, R.D. & Peirce, R. 2012b. Sharks

of the Persian Gulf: a first annotated checklist

(Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii). Zootaxa 3167: 1-

16.

Moore, A.B.M.; White, W.T. & Peirce, R. 2010.

Additions to the shark fauna of the Persian Gulf

(Carcharhiniformes: Hemigaleidae and

Carcharhinidae). Zoology of the Middle East 50: 83-

88.

Morandinasab, A.; Kamrani, E.; Andakhsh, M.;

Aghajanpour, M.; Raeisi, H.; Daliri, M. & Vafadar,

K. 2014. Population dynamics of Terapon jarbua

Teraponidae in the northern Persian Gulf

(Hormozgan coastal waters). Journal of

Oceanography 5: 1-14. (In Persian)

Moravec, F.; Ali A.; Abed, J.M. & Shaker, S.J. 2016.

New records of philometrids (Nematoda:

Philometridae) from marine fishes off Iraq, with the

erection of two new species and the first description

of the male of Philometroides eleutheronemae

Moravec & Manoharan, 2013. Systematic

Parasitology 93: 129-144.

Motomura, H. 2004. Threadfins of the world (Family

Polynemidae). FAO, Rome. 131 p.

Motomura, H. 2004. Threadfins of the world (Family

Polynemidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue

of polynemid species known to date. FAO Spec. Cat.

Fish. Purp. Rome: FAO. 3: 117 p.

Motomura, H, 2004. Occurrence of Scorpaenopsis venosa (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae) on the Saya

de Malha Bank, Indian Ocean. Ichthyol. Res. 51:188-

189.

Motomura, H. & Iwatsuki, Y. 2001. Review of

Polydactylus species (Perciformes: Polynemidae)

characterized by a large black anterior lateral line

spot, with descriptions of two new species.


Mousavi-Sabet, H.; Heidari, A. & Fekrandish, H. 2015.

Population structure, length-weight and length-length

relationships of six populations of the bartail flathead

Platycephalus indicus (Scorpaeniformes:

Platycephalidae) along the Persian Gulf coastal

waters. Journal of Threatened Taxa 7(1): 6810-6814.

Mundy, B.C. 2005. Checklist of the fishes of the

Hawaiian Archipelago. Bishop Museum Bulletin of

Zoology (6): 1-704.

Munroe, T.A. 2001. Cynoglossidae. Tonguesoles. In

K.E. Carpenter, V. Niem (eds.). FAO species




estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. pp: 3890-3901.

Murakami, T.; James, S.A.; Randall, J. & Suzumoto, A.

2007. Two hybrids of carangid fishes of the genus

Caranx, C. ignobilis x C. melampygus and C. melampygus x C. sexfasciatus, from the Hawaiian

Islands. Zoological Studies 46(2): 186-193.

Murdy, E.O., 1989. A taxonomic revision and cladistic

analysis of the Oxudercine gobies (Gobiidae:

Oxudercinae). Records of the Australian Museum,

Supplement 11: 1-93.

Murdy, E.O. 2006. A revision of the gobiid fish genus

Trypauchen (Gobiidae: Amblyopinae). Zootaxa

1343: 55-68.

Murdy, E.O. & Hoese, D.F. 1985. Revision of the gobiid

fish genus Istigobius. Indo-Pacific Fishes 4: 1-41.

Murdy, E.O. & Randall, J.E. 2002. Taenioides kentalleni, a new species of eel goby from Saudi

Arabia (Gobiidae: Amblyopinae). Zootaxa 93: 1-6.

Murray, J.A. 1887. New species of fish from Kurrachee

and the Persian Gulf. Journal of the Bombay Natural

History Society 2(1): 47-49.

Myers, R.F. 1991. Micronesian reef fishes. Second Ed.

Coral Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 298 p.

Myers, R.F. 1999. Micronesian reef fishes: a

comprehensive guide to the coral reef fishes of

Micronesia, 3rd revised and expanded edition. Coral

160


Graphics, Barrigada, Guam. 330 p.

Nader, I.A. & Jawdat, S.Z. 1977. New records of fishes

from Iraq. Bulletin of the Biological Research Centre

Baghdad 8: 73-87.

Naderi, M.; Zare, P.; Azvar, E. & Pitassy, D. 2013. A

new record of the puffer fish Takifugu oblongus

(Bloch, 1786) from the northern Persian Gulf, Iran.

Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 134-139.

Naji, A.; Khan, F.R. & Hashemi, S.H. 2016. Potential

human risk assessment of trace metals via the

consumption of marine fish in Persian Gulf. Marine

Pollution Bulletin 1-5.

Nakabo, T. 2002. Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to

the species, English edition II. Tokai University

Press, Japan, pp 867-1749. 221 p.

Nakamura, I. 1990. Istiophoridae. In: J.C. Quéro, J.C.





Nasir, N.A. 2000. The food and feeding relationships of

the fish communities in the inshore water of khor Al-

Zubair, North-West Persian Gulf. Cybium 24: 89-99.

Nasir, N.A.N. 2016. Distribution of silver pomfret

(Pampus argenteus) in Iraqi marine water.

Mesopotamia Environmental Journal 2(4): 67-77.

Nasir, N.A.N. & Khalid, S.A.R. 2013. A statistic survey

of marine and freshwater fish catch in Basrah, Iraq

1990-2011. The Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific

Research 31(1): 1-9.

Nellen, W. 1973. Fischlarven des Indischen Ozeans.

Ergebnisse der Fischereiuntersuchungen während der

ersten Expedition des Forschungsschiffes "Meteor" in

den Indischen Ozean und der Persischen Golf. Meteor

Forschungsergebnisse D 14: 1-66.

Nelson, G.J. & McCarthy, L. 1995. Two new species of

gizzard shads of the genus Nematalosa (Teleostei,

Clupeidae, Dorosomatinae) from Persian Gulf.


Nelson, G.S., Grande T.C. & Vilson M.V.H. 2016.

Fhishes of the world. Fifth edition. John Wiley &

Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. 651pp.

Ng, H.H. & Sparks, J.S. 2003. The ariid catfishes

(Teleostei: Siluriformes: Ariidae) of Madagascar,

with the description of two new species. Occasional

papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of

Michigan 735:1-21.

Nguyen, H.P. & Nguyen, N.T. 1994. Checklist of marine

fishes in Vietnam. Vol. 2. Osteichthyes, from

Elopiformes to Mugiliformes. Science and Technics

Publishing House, Vietnam.

Nguyen, T.D.P.; Nguyen, T.H.T.; Do, V.T.; Nguyen,

T.T. & Nguyen, H.D. 2011. Freshwater ecosystem

services and biodiversity values of Phu Yen District,

Son La, Viet Nam. [pdf pages 313-363]. In Report on

highland aquatic ecosystem services and biodiversity

values, including livelihoods, trade, policy and

conservation oriented inputs to two global online

databases. Highland Aquatic Resources Conservation

and Sustainable Development (HighARCS) Project.

Deliverable 3.1, Project No. 213015 of the European

Community’s Seventh Framework Programme. 363

p. Work Package 3 Report. Research Institute for

Aquaculture No.1, Viet Nam. pp: 1-49

Nichols, J.T. 1948. On Caranx nigripinnis of the Persian

Gulf. Copeia (4): 300.

Nielsen, J.G. 1995. A review of the species of the genus

Neobythites (Pisces: Ophidiidae) from the western

Indian Ocean, with descriptions of seven new species.

Ichthyological Bulletin of the J. L. B. Smith Institute

of Ichthyology 62: 1-19.

Nielsen, J.G. 2002. Revision of the Indo-Pacific species

of Neobythites (Teleostei, Ophidiidae), with 15 new

species. Galathea Report 19: 5-104.

Nielsen, J.G.; Schwarzhans, W. & Uiblein, F. 2014.

Review of the Indo-West Pacific ophidiid genera

Sirembo and Spottobrotula (Ophidiiformes,

Ophidiidae), with descriptions of three new species.

Marine Biology Research 11(2): 113-134.

Okamoto, M. & Golani, D. 2017. Three new species of

the genus Acropoma (Perciformes: Acropomatidae)

from the Indian Ocean. Ichthyological Research 65

(1): [1-14] 101-114. [First published online, p. 1-14,

4 Aug. 2017; volume number and pages added on 12

Jan. 2018.]

Olfers, J.F.M.von. 1831. Die Gattung Torpedo in ihren

naturhistorischen und antiquarischen Beziehungen

erläutert. Berlin. 1-35.

Owfi, F.; Fatemi, M.R.; Motallebi, A.A.; Coad, B.;

Abbasi-Ghadikolahi, H. & Abbasi-Ghadikolakie, M.

2014. Systematic review of Anguilliformes order in

Iranian museums from the Persian Gulf and Oman

161


Sea. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 13(82):

407-426.

Palmer, G. 1963. A record of the gobiid fish,

Cryptocentrus lutheri Klausewitz from the Persian

Gulf, with notes on the genus Cryptocentrus.

Senckenbergiana Biologica 44(6): 447-450.

Palsson, W.A. & Pietsch, T.W. 1989. Revision of the

acanthopterygian fish family Pegasidae (Order

Gasterosteiformes). Indo-Pacific Fishes 18: 1-38.

Parenti, P. 2004. Family Scatophagidae Bleeker 1876 --

scats. California Academy of Sciences Annotated

Checklists of Fishes 36: 1-5.

Parenti, P. & Randall, J.E. 2000. An annotated checklist

of the species of the labroid fish families Labridae and

Scaridae. Ichthyological bulletin of the J.L.B. Smith

Institute of Ichthyology (68): 1-97. Parin, N.V. 1984. Exocoetidae. In W. Fischer and G.

Bianchi (eds.) FAO species identification sheets for



Parin, N.V. 1986. Exocoetidae. In: P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-

L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese

(eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the

Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. pp: 612-619.

Parin, N.V. 1996. On the species composition of flying

fishes (Exocoetidae) in the West-Central part of

tropical Pacific. J. Ichthyol. 36(5): 357-364.

Parin, N.V. 1999. Exocoetidae. Flyingfishes. p. 2162-

2179. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO


living marine resources of the WCP. Vol. 4. Bony

fishes part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae). FAO, Rome.

Parin, N.V.; Collette, B.B. & Shcherbachev, Yu.N.

1980. Preliminary review of the marine halfbeaks

(Hemiramphidae, Beloniformes) of the tropical Indo-

West-Pacific. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Imeni P.P.

Shirshova = Transactions of the P.P. Shirshov

Institute of Oceanology 97: 7-173. [In Russian,

English summary.]

Parin, N.V. & Gibbs, Jr.R.H. 1990. Exocoetidae. In J.C.

Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L.

Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern



Patzner, R.A.; Van-Tassell, J.L.; Kovai, M. & Kapoor,

B.G. 2011. The biology of gobies. Enfield, NH:

Science Publishers; Boca Raton, FL: DIstributed by

CRC Press. 685 p.

Paulin, C.; Stewart, A.; Roberts, C. & McMillan, P.

1989. New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National

Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No.

19. 279 p.

De la Paz, R.M.; Aragones, N. & Agulto, D. 1988. Coral-

reef fishes off western Calatagan, Batangas (Luzon

Island, Philippines) with notes on new and rare

captures and controversial taxa. The Philippine

Journal of Science 117:237-318. Pequeño, G. 1989. Peces de Chile. Lista sistematica

revisada y comentada. Revista de Biología Marina y

Oceanografía, Valparaiso 24(2): 1-132.

Pickrell, J. 2004. Freed pet fish threaten native species,

study says. National Geographic News, 01 June 2004.

Pietsch, T.W. & Grobecker, D.B. 1987. Frogfishes of the

world: Systematics, zoogeography, and behavioral

ecology. Stanford University Press. 1-420.

Pillai, P.P. & Ueyanagi, S. 1977. Distribution and

biology of the striped marlin, Tetrapterus [sic] audax

(Philippi) taken by the longline fishery in the Indian

Ocean. Bulletin Far Seas Fisheries Research

Laboratory (16): 9-32.

Piper, R. 2010. Re-occurrence of silver pomfret Pampus argenteus in the North Sea. Marine Biodiversity

Records 3: e102.

Polgar, G.; Ghanbarifardi, M.; Milli, S.; Agorreta, A.;

Aliabadian, M.; Esmaeili, H.R. & Khang, T.F. 2017.

Ecomorphological adaptation in three mudskippers

(Teleostei: Gobioidei: Gobiidae) from the Persian

Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. Hydrobiologica 2017: 1-

21.

Por, F.D. 1978. Lessepsian migration. Springer-Verlag,

Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. 228 p.

Postel, E.; Fourmanoir, P. & Guézé, P. 1963. Serranidés

de la Réunion. Mém. Inst. Fondam. Afr. Noire 68:

339-384.

Pouladi, M.; Moradinasab, A.; Paighambari, S.Y.; Daliri,

M.; Raeisi, H. & Shabani, M.J. 2018. Length-weight

relationships of three caught flatfish using shrimp

trawler in Motaf fishing grounds, Bushehr Province

(Persian Gulf). Journal of Applied Ichthyology: 1-3.

Pratchett, S.M.; Hoey, A.S.; Feary, D.A.; Bauman, A.G.;

Burtd, J.A. & Riegl, B.M. 2013. Functional

composition of Chaetodon butterflyfishes at a

162


peripheral and extreme coral reef location, the Persian

Gulf. Marine Pollution Bulletin 72: 333-341.

Pyle, R. 2001. Pomacanthidae: Angelfishes. p. 3266-

3286. In K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO



Pacific. Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to

Pomacentridae). Rome, FAO.

Quignard, J.P. & Tomasini, J.A. 2000. Mediterranean

fish biodiversity. Biol. Mar. Mediterr. 7(3):1-66.

Radcliffe, L. 1912. Descriptions of fifteen new fishes of

the family Cheilodipteridae, from the Philippine

Islands and contiguous waters. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus.

41(1868):431-446.

Rahman, A.K.A. 1989. Freshwater fishes of Bangladesh.

Zoological Society of Bangladesh. Department of

Zoology, University of Dhaka. 364 p.

Rainboth, W.J. 1996. Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong.

FAO species identification field guide for fishery

purposes. FAO, Rome, 265 p.

Ramaiyan, V. & Whitehead, P.J.P. 1979. Notes on Indian

species of Ilisha (Pisces: Clupeidae). J. Mar. Biol.

Ass. India 17(1):187-198.

Randall, J.E. 1986a. Labridae. p. 683-706. In M.M.

Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes.

Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Randall, J.E. 1986b. Red Sea reef fishes. London, Immel

Publishing. 192 p.

Randall, J.E. 1988. Pomacanthus rhomboides (Gilchrist

and Thompson), the valid name for the South African

angelfish previously known as Pomacanthus striatus.

Spec. Publ. J.L.B. Smith Inst. Ichthyol. 46:7p.

Randall, J.E. 1994a. Ilisha compressa, a new species of

clupeid fish from the Persian Gulf. Raffles Bulletin of

Zoology 42: 893-899.

Randall, J.E. 1994b. A new genus and six new gobiid

fishes (Perciformes: Gobiidae) from Arabian waters.

Fauna of Saudi Arabia 14: 317-340.

Randall, J.E. 1994c. Two new damselfishes

(Perciformes: Pomacentridae) from Arabian waters.

Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie 21 (1-

2): 39-48.

Randall, J.E. 1995a. Coastal fishes of Oman. University

of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 439 p.

Randall, J.E. 1995b. Zebrias captivus, a new species of

sole (Pleuronectiformes: Soleidae) from the Persian

Gulf. Journal of South Asian Natural History 2 (2):

241-246.

Randall, J.E. 1995c. A review of the triplefin fishes

(Perciformes: Blennioidei: Tripterygiidae) of Oman,

with descriptions of two new species of

Enneapterygius. Revue française d'Aquariologie

Herpétologie 22 (1-2): 27-34.

Randall, J.E. 1996. Second revision of the labrid fish

genus Leptojulis, with descriptions of two new

species. Indo-Pacific Fishes 24: 1-20, pls. 1-3.

Randall, J.E. 2000. Revision of the Indo-Pacific labrid

fishes of the genus Stethojulis, with descriptions of

two new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes 31: 1-42, pls. 1-

6.

Randall, J.E. 2001a. Surgeonfishes of Hawai'i and the

world. Mutual Publishing and Bishop Museum Press,

Hawai'i. 123 p.

Randall, J.E. 2001b. Pinguipedidae (= Parapercidae,

Mugiloididae). Sandperches. p. 3501-3510. In K.E.

Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) FAO species




estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome.

Randall, J.E. 2002. Surgeon fishes of Hawai'i and the

world. Bishop Museum Bulletin in Zoology 4: 1-123.

Randall, J.E. 2004. Revision of the goatfish genus

Parupeneus (Perciformes: Mullidae), with

descriptions of two new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes

36: 1-64, pls. 1-16.

Randall, J.E.; Allen, G.R. & W.D. Anderson, Jr. 1987.

Revision of the Indo-Pacific lutjanid genus Pinjalo,

with description of a new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes

14: 1-17, pl. 1.

Randall, J.E.; Allen, G.R. & Steene, R.C. 1990. Fishes of

the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of

Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p.

Randall, J.E.; Allen, G.R. & Steene, R.C. 1997. Fishes of

the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. Second Edition.

Revised and expanded edition. Crawford House

Publishing Pty Ltd. Bathurst, NSW, Australia. 557 p.

Randall, J.E. & Anderson, C. 1993. Annotated checklist

of the epipelagic and shore fishes of the Maldives

Islands. Ichthyol. Bull. of the J.L.B. Smith Inst. of

Ichthyol. (59):1-47.

Randall, J.E. & Bruce, R.W. 1983. The parrotfishes of

163


the subfamily Scarinae of the western Indian Ocean

with descriptions of three new species. Ichthyological

Bulletin of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology

47: i-ii + 1-39, pls. 1-6.

Randall, J.E. & Cea, A. 2011. Shore fishes of Easter

Island. University of Hawai'i Press, 164 p.

Randall, J.E. & Compagno, L.J.V. 1995. A review of the

guitarfishes of the genus Rhinobatos (Rajiformes:

Rhinobatidae) from Oman, with description of a new

species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 43 (2): 289-298.

Randall, J.E.; Downing, N.; McCarthy, L.J.; Stanaland,

B.E. & Tarr, A.B. 1994. Fifty-one new records of

fishes from the Persian Gulf. Fauna of Saudi Arabia

14: 220-258.

Randall, J.E. & Earle, J.L. 1994. Three new wrasses of

the genus Halichoeres (Perciformes: Labridae) from

Oman. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 14: 287-301.

Randall, J.E.; Earle, J.L.; Hayes, T.; Pittman, C.;

Severns, M. & Smith, R.L.F. 1993. Eleven new

records and validations of shore fishes from the

Hawaiian Islands. Pac. Sci. 47(3):222-239.

Randall, J.E. & Egmond, J.V. 1994. Marine fishes from

the Seychelles: 108 new records. Zoologische

Verhandelingen Leiden 1: 43-83.

Randall, J.E. & Eschmeyer, W.N. 2001. Revision of the

Indo-Pacific scorpionfish genus Scorpaenopsis, with

descriptions of eight new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes

34: 1-79, pls. 1-12.

Randall, J.E.; Fraser, T.H. & Lachner, E.A. 1990. On the

validity of the Indo-Pacific cardinalfishes Apogon aureus (Lacepède) and A. fleurieu (Lacepède), with

description of a related new species from the Red Sea.

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 103(1): 39-62.

Randall, J.E. & Greenfield, D.W. 2001. A preliminary

review of the Indo-Pacific gobiid fishes of the genus

Gnatholepis. Ichthyological Bulletin of the J.L.B.

Smith Institute of Ichthyology 69: 1-17.

Randall, J.E. & Guézé, P. 1984. Parupeneus margaritatus, a new species of goatfish (Mullidae)

from the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. Cybium

8(4): 9-17.

Randall, J.E. & Heemstra, P.C. 1991a. Revision of Indo-

Pacific groupers (Perciformes: Serranidae:

Epinephelinae), with descriptions of five new species.


Randall, J.E. & Heemstra, E. 2009. Three new goatfishes

of the genus Parupeneus from the western Indian

Ocean, with resurrection of P. seychellensis.

Smithiana, Publications in Aquatic Biodiversity,

Bulletin 10: 37-49.

Randall, J.E. & Hoese, D.F. 1985. Revision of the Indo-

Pacific dartfishes, genus Ptereleotris (Perciformes:

Gobioidei). Indo-Pacific Fishes 7: 1-36.

Randall, J.E.; Ida, H.; Kato, K.; Pyle, R.L. & Earle, J.L.

1997. Annotated checklist of inshore fishes of the

Ogasawara Islands. National Nature Museum

Monographs (11): 1-74.

Randall, J.E. & Johnson, J.W. 2000. Perca lineata and P. vittata established as valid species of Plectorhinchus

(Perciformes: Haemulidae). Memoirs of the

Queensland Museum 45(2): 477-482.

Randall, J.E. & Johnson, J.W. 2007. Revision of the

soleid fish genus Pardachirus. Indo-Pacific Fishes 39:

1-22.

Randall, J.E.; Lachner, E.A. & Fraser, T.H. 1985. A

revision of the Indo-Pacific apogonid fish genus

Pseudamia, with descriptions of three new species.


Randall, J.E. & McCarthy, L.J. 1988. A new damselfish

of the genus Chromis (Perciformes: Pomacentridae)

from the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. Revue

française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie 14(4)(for

1987): 133-136.

Randall, J.E. & McCarthy, L.J. 1989. Solea stanalandi, a

new sole from the Persian Gulf. Japanese Journal of

Ichthyology 36(2): 196-199.

Randall, J.E. & Miroz, A. 2001. Thalassoma lunare x

Thalassoma rueppellii, a hybrid labrid fish from the

Red Sea. Aqua Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic

Biology 4(4):131-134.

Randall, J.E. & Sinoto, Y.H. 1978. Rapan fish names.

B.P. Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 24(15:294-306.

Randall, J.E. & Smith, M.M. 1982. A review of the labrid

fishes of the genus Halichoeres of the western Indian

Ocean, with descriptions of six new species.

Ichthyological Bulletin of the J.L.B. Smith Institute

of Ichthyology 45: 1-26.

Randall, J.E. & Stroud, G.J. 1985. On the validity of the

mugiloidid fish Parapercis robinsoni Fowler.


Randall, J.E., J.L. Earle, T. Hayes, C. Pittman, M.

Severns and R.L.F. Smith, 1993. Eleven new records

164


and validations of shore fishes from the Hawaiian

Islands. Pac. Sci. 47(3):222-239.

Randall, J.E. & Tarr, A.B. 1994. Trichonotus arabicus

(Perciformes: Trichonotidae), a new species of sand

diver from the Persian Gulf and Oman. Fauna of

Saudi Arabia 14: 309-316.

Randall, J.E.; Williams, J.T.; Smith, D.G.; Kulbicki, M.;

Tham, G.M.; Labrosse, P.; Kronen, M.; Clua, E. &

Mann, B.S. 2003. Checklist of the shore and

epipelagic fishes of Tonga. Atoll Research Bulletin:

Smithsonian Insitution 502 p.

Rao, K.V.R. 1995. Pisces. In: Fauna of Chilka Lake.

Wetland Ecosystem Series 1. Zool. Surv. India. 673

p. pp: 483-506.

Rastgoo, A.R.; Fatemi, S.M.R.; Valinassab, T. &

Mortazavi, M.S. 2016. First report of mangrove

whpray Himantura granulata (Macleay, 1883) from

the Persian Gulf, Iran. Iranian Journal of Fisheries

Sciences 15(3): 1224-1229.

Regan, C.T. 1905. On fishes from the Persian Gulf, the

Sea of Oman, and Karachi, collected by Mr. F. W.

Townsend. Journal of the Bombay Natural History

Society 16: 318-333.

Relyea, K. 1981. Inshore fishes of the Persian Gulf. G.

Allen & Unwin, London: 1-149.

Relyea, K.; Vaughan, T. & Ferguson, J. 1980. Notes on

Pseudochromis Rüppell 1835 in the northern Persian

Gulf. Senckenbergiana Biologica 60 (3-4)(for 1979):

141-146.

Reshetnikov, Y.S.; Bogutskaya, N.G.; Vasil'eva, E.D.;

Dorofeeva, E.A.; Naseka, A.M.; Popova, O.A.;

Savvaitova, K.A.; Sideleva, V.G. & Sokolov, L.I.

1997. An annotated check-list of the freshwater fishes

of Russia. Journal of Ichthyology 37(9): 687-736.

Rezai, H.; Wilson, S.; Claereboudt, M. & Riegl, B. 2004.

Coral reefstatus in the rompe sea area: Persian Gulf,

Gulf of Oman and Arabian Sea. Status of Coral Reefs

of the World 155-170.

Richards, W.J. & Al-Yamani, F.Y. 2008. Identification

Guide of the Early Life History Stages of Fishes from

the Waters of Kuwait in the Persian Gulf, Indian

Ocean, Kuwait. 343 p.

Riegl, B.M. & Dodge, R.E. 2012. Reef Fish and Fisheries

in the Gulf. In: E. Grandcourt (Eds). Coral Reefs of

the Gulf. Springer, New York. pp: 127-161.

Robins, C.R.; Bailey, R.M.; Bond, C.E.; Brooker, J.R.;

Lachner, E.A.; Lea, R.N. & Scott, W.B. 1991. World

fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of

species from the continental waters of the United

States and Canada. American Fisheries Society

Special Publication (21): 243 p.

Robinsl, C.R. & Ray, G.C. 1986. A field guide to

Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton

Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p.

Robinson, D.P.; Jaidah, M.Y.; Bach, S.S.; Rohner, C.A.;

Jabado, R.W.; Ormond, R. & Pierce, S.J. 2017. Some

like it hot: Repeat migration and residency of whale

sharks within an extreme natural environment. PLoS

ONE 12(9)(e0185360): 1-23.

Russell, B.C. 1985. Revision of the Indo-Pacific labrid

fish genus Suezichthys, with descriptions of four new

species. Indo-Pacific Fishes 2: 1-21.

Russell, B.C. 1986. Review of the western Indian Ocean

species of Nemipterus Swainson 1839, with

description of a new species. Senckenbergiana

Biologica 67 (1/3): 19-35.

Russell, B.C. 1990. FAO species catalog. Vol. 12.

Nemipterid fishes of the world. (Threadfin breams,

whiptail breams, monocle breams, dwarf monocle

breams, and coral breams). Family Nemipteridae. An

annotated and illustrated catalog of Nemipterid

species known to date. FAO (Food and Agriculture

Organization of the United Nations) Fisheries

Synopsis 125: 1-149.

Russell, B.C. & Golani, D. 1993. A review of the fish

genus Parascolopsis (Nemipteridae) of the western

Indian Ocean, with description of a new species from

the northern Red Sea. Journal of Zoology 39(4): 337-

347.

Russell, B.C. & Houston, W. 1989. Offshore fishes of the

Arafura Sea. Beagle 6(1):69-84.

Russell, B.C.; Smith-Vaniz, W.F.; Lawrence, A.;

Carpenter, K.E.; Myers, R. & Thaman, R. 2016.

Etelis coruscans. The IUCN Red List of Threatened

Species 2016: e.T194382A2327142.

http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.

T194382A2327142.en. Downloaded on 07 February

2017.

Sadeghi, R. & Esmaeili, H.R. 2019a. Cocos frillgoby,

Bathygobius cocosensis (Bleeker, 1854): an

additional fish element for the Iranian marine waters

(Teleostei: Gobiidae). International Journal of

165


Aquatic Biology 7(3): 117-122.

Sadeghi, R. & Esmaeili, H.R. 2019b. First

documentation of an uncommon goby genus and

species, Palutrus scapulopunctatus (de Beaufort,

1912) from the Persian Gulf (Teleostei: Gobiidae).

Iranian Journal of Ichthyology 6(3): 143-149.

Sadeghi, R.; Esmaeili, H.R.; Fricke, R. & Larson, H.K.

2017. New geographical record and morphological

features of the Indo-Pacific tropical sand goby,

Favonigobius reichei (Bleeker, 1854) from Iranian

coast of the Makran Sea (Teleostei, Gobiidae). Check

List 13(5): 641-645.

Sadeghi, R., Ebrahimi, M. & Esmaeili, H.R., 2019a.

Tessellate goby, Coryogalops tessellatus Randall,

1994 (Teleostei: Gobiidae), an additional fish element

for the Iranian marine waters. FishTaxa 4(2):25-30.

Sadeghi, R., Esmaeili, H.R., Riazi, M., Taherizaeh, M.R.

& Safaie, M. 2019b. Lagoon shrimp goby,

Cryptocentrus cyanotaenia (Bleeker, 1853)

(Teleostei: Gobiidae), an additional fish element for

the Iranian waters. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology

6(2): 98-105.

Sadighzadeh, Z.; Tuset, V.M.; Valinassab, T.; Dadpour,

M.R. & Lombarte, A. 2012. Comparison of different

otolith shape descriptors and morphometrics for the

identification of closely related species of Lutjanus

spp. from the Persian Gulf. Marine Biology Research

8: 802-814.

Sadighzadeh, Z.; Valinassab, T.; Vosugi, G.; Motallebi,

A.A. & Fatemi, M.R. 2014. Use of otolith shape for

stock identification of John's snapper, Lutjanus johnii (Pisces: Lutjanidae), from the Persian Gulf and Oman

Sea. Fisheries Research 155: 59-63.

Sainsbury, K.J.; Kailola, P.J. & Leyland, G.G. 1985.

Continental shelf fishes of the northern and north-

western Australia. CSIRO Division of Fisheries

Research; Clouston & Hall and Peter Pownall

Fisheries Information Service, Canberra, Australia.

375 p.

Salameh, P.; Sonin, O.; Edelist, D. & Golani, D. 2011.

First record of the Red Sea orangeface butterflyfish

Chaetodon larvatus Cuvier, 1831 in the

Mediterranean. Aquatic Invasions 6: 53-55.

Salameh, P.; Sonin, O.; Edelist, D. & Golani, D. 2012.

The first substantiated record of the yellow bar

angelfish Pomacanthus maculosus (Actinopterygii:

Perciformes: Pomacanthidae) in the Mediterranean.

Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 42(1): 73-74.

Sarker, A.L.; Al-Daham, N.K. & Bhatti, M.N. 1980.

Food habits of the mudskipper Pseudapocryptes dentatus (Val.). Journal of Fish Biology 17(6): 635-

639.

Sasaki, K. 1997. Resurrection of two East African

species of Johnius (Perciformes, Sciaenidae).


Sasaki, K. 2001. Sciaenidae. Croakers (drums). In: K.E.




Volume 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to

Pomacentridae). Rome, FAO. pp: 3117-3174.

Sauvage, H.E.1875. Poissons. In Alfred Grandidier,

Histoire physique, naturelle et politique de

Madagascar, 1887-91. Vol. XVI, Paris 1875-99. 543

p.

Scott, W.B. & Scott, M.G. 1988. Atlantic fishes of

Canada. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic

Sciences 219:731 p.

Sdeghi, S.N. 2001. Morphological and biological

characteristics of southern Iranian fishes (the Persian

Gulf and Oman Sea), Naghsh-e-mehr, Tehra. 438 p.

Senou, H. 2001. Sphyraenidae. Barracudas. In: K.E.

Carpenter, V. Niem (Eds.). FAO species




estuarine crocodiles. FAO, Rome. pp: 3685-3697.

Senou, H.; Randall, J.E. & Okiyama, M. 1996. Chelon persicus, a new species of mullet (Perciformes,

Mugilidae) from the Persian Gulf. Bulletin of the

Kanagawa Prefectural Museum (Natural Science) 25:

71-78.

Séret, B. 2003. Carcharhinidae. In: D. Paugy, C.

Lévêque, G.G Teugels (Eds.). The fresh and brackish

water fishes of West Africa. Volume 1. Collection

Faune et Flore Tropicales 40. Institut de Recherche

pour le Développement, Paris, France, Muséum

National d'Histoire. pp: 74-77.

Séret, B.; Last, P.R. & Naylor, G.J.P. 2016a. 10.

Guitarfishes. Family Rhinobatidae. In: P.R. Last,



166




Séret, B.; Last, P.R. & Naylor, G.J.P. 2016b. 11. Giant

guitarfishes. Family Glaucostegidae. In: P.R. Last,





Shaffer, R.V. & Nakamura, E.L. 1989. Synopsis of

biological data on the cobia Rachycentron canadum

(Pisces: Rachycentridae). NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS

82, FAO Fisheries Synopsis 153.

Shao, K.T. 1997. A checklist of fishes recorded in

Taiwan and their distribution around Taiwan.

Unpublished database, version of April 1997.

Shao., K.T.; Shen, S.C.; Chiu, T.S. & Tzeng, C.S. 1992.

Distribution and database of fishes in Taiwan. In: C.-

Y. Peng (Ed.). Collections of research studies on

'Survey of Taiwan biological resources and

information management'. Institute of Botany,

Academia Sinica. Vol. 2. pp: 173-206. (In Chinese)

Shen, S.C. 1993. Fishes of Taiwan. Department of

Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei. 960 p.

Sheppard, C.R.C. 1993. Physical Environment of the

Gulf Relevant to Marine Pollution: An Overview.

Marine Pollution Bulletin, 27: 3-8.

Sielfeld, W.; Laudien, J.; Vargas, M. & Villegas, M.

2010. El niño induced changes of the coastal fish

fauna off northern Chile and implications for

ichthyogeography. Revista de Biología Marina y

Oceanografia 45(S1): 705-722.

Sinis, A.I. 2005. First record of Tylosurus crocodilus

(Peron & Lesueur 1821) (Pisces: Belonidae) in the

Mediterranean (North Aegean Sea, Greece). Journal

of Biological Research (Thessaloniki) 4: 221-224.

Sivasubramanian, K. & Ibrahim, M.A. 1982a. Demersal

fish resources around Qatar. Qatar University Science

Bulletin 2(1): 305-351.

Sivasubramanian, K. & Ibrahim, M.A. 1982b. Common

fishes of Qatar. Scientific Atlas of Qatar 1. Doha: 1-

200.

Skelton, P.H. 1993. A complete guide to the freshwater

fishes of southern Africa. Southern Book Publishers.

388 p.

Smith, A. & Dalzell, P. 1993. Fisheries resources and

management investigations in Woleai Atoll, Yap

State, Federated States of Micronesia. Inshore Fish.

Res. Proj., Tech. Doc., South Pacific Commission.

Noumea, New Caledonia. 64 p.

Smith, C.L. 1997. National Audubon Society field guide

to tropical marine fishes of the Caribbean, the Gulf of

Mexico, Florida, the Bahamas, and Bermuda. Alfred

A. Knopf, Inc., New York. 720 p.

Smith, D.G. 1997. Muraenesocidae. Pike congers. In:

K.E. Carpenter, V.H. Niem (Eds.). FAO species


marine resources of the WCP. Vol. 3. Batoid fishes,

chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to

Linophrynidae). FAO, Rome. pp: 1673-1677.

Smith, D.G. & Castle, P.H.J. 1990. Synaphobranchidae.

In: J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post, L.

Saldanha (Eds.). Check-list of the fishes of the eastern



Smith, G.B. & Saleh, M.A. 1987. Abundance and

batymetric distribution of Bahrain (Perian Gulf) reef

ichthyofaunas. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

24: 425-431.

Smith, J.L.B. & Smith, M.M. 1963. The fishes of

Seychelles. Rhodes University, Grahamstown. 215 p

Smith, M.M. 1986. Megalopidae. In: M.M. Smith, P.C.



Smith, W.D.; Bizzarro, J.J.; Richards, V.P.; Nielsen, J.;

M´arquez-Far´ıas, F. & Shivji, M.S. 2009.

Morphometric convergence and molecular

divergence: the taxonomic status and evolutionary

history of Gymnura crebripunctata and Gymnura marmorata in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Journal of


Smith-Vaniz, W.F. 1976. The saber-toothed blennies,

tribe Nemophini (Pisces: Blenniidae). Monographs of

the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 19:

1-196.

Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1984. Carangidae. In: W. Fischer, G.


fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean fishing area

51. Vol. 1. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome.

Smith-Vaniz, W.F. 1986. Carangidae. In: M.M. Smith,


Verlag, Berlin. pp: 638-661.

Smith-Vaniz, W.F. 1986. Carangidae. In: P.J.P.

167


Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen,

E. Tortonese (Eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern

Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol.

2. pp: 815-844.

Smith-Vaniz, W.F. 1987. The saber-toothed blennies,

tribe Nemophini (Pisces: Blenniidae): an update.

Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of

Philadelphia 139: 1-52.

Smith-Vaniz, W.F.; Quéro, J.-C. & Desoutter, M. 1990.

Carangidae. In: J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer,

A. Post, L. Saldanha (Eds.). Check-list of the fishes

of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT,

Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. pp:

729-755.

Smith-Vaniz, W.F. 1995. Carangidae. Jureles,

pámpanos, cojinúas, zapateros, cocineros, casabes,

macarelas, chicharros, jorobados, medregales, pez

pilota. In: W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C.




pp: 940-986.

Sommer, C.; Schneider, W. & Poutiers, J.M. 1996. FAO

species identification field guide for fishery purposes.

The living marine resources of Somalia. FAO, Rome.

376 p.

Spaet, J.L.Y.; Jabado, R.W.; Henderson, A.C.; Moore,

A.B.M. & Berumen, M.L. 2015. Population genetics

of four heavily exploited shark species around the

Arabian Peninsula. Ecology and Evolution 2015: 1-

16.

Springer, V.G. 1964. A revision of the carcharhinid shark

genera Scoliodon, Loxodon, and Rhizoprionodon.

Proceedings of the United States National Museum

115(3493): 559-632.

Springer, V.G. 1971. Revision of the fish genus Ecsenius

(Blenniidae, Blenniinae, Salariini). Smithsonian


Springer, V.G. 1972. Additions to revisions of the

blenniid fish genera Ecsenius and Entomacrodus,

with descriptions of three new species of Ecsenius.

Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 134: 1-13.

Springer, V.G. 1986. Family No. 235: Blenniidae. In:

Smith, M. M. and P. C. Heemstra (eds.): Smiths' Sea

Fishes. Macmillan South Africa, Johannesburg. pp:

742-755.

Springer, V.G. 1988. The Indo-Pacific blenniid fish

genus Ecsenius. Smithsonian Contributions to

Zoology 465: 1-134.

Springer, V.G. & Gomon, M.F. 1975. Revision of the

blenniid fish genus Omobranchus with descriptions

of three new species and notes on other species of the

tribe Omobranchini. Smithsonian Contributions to

Zoology 177: 1-135.

Springer, V.G. & Williams, J.T. 1994. The Indo-West

Pacific blenniid fish genus Istiblennius reappraised: a

revision of Istiblennius, Blenniella, and Paralticus,

new genus. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology

565: 1-193.

Squire, J.L.Jr. & Suzuki, Z. 1990. Migration trends of

striped marlin (Tetrapturus audax) in the Pacific

Ocean. In R.H. Stroud (Ed.) Planning the future of

billfishes. Research and management in the 90's and

beyond. Proceedings of the second international

billfish symposium, Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, 1-5

August 1988. Part 2. Contributed papers. pp: 67-80.

Steindachner, F. 1876. Ichthyologische Beiträge (V).

[Subtitles i-v.]. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen

Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-

Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 74(1): 49-240.

Stern, N.; Rinkevich, B. & Goren, M. 2014. First record

of the goldstripe sardinella – Sardinella gibbosa

(Bleeker, 1849) in the Mediterranean Sea and

confirmation of its presence in the Red Sea.

BioInvasions Records 4(1): 47-51.

Sulak, K.J. & Shcherbachev, Y.N. 1997. Zoogeography

and systematics of six deep-living genera of

synaphobranchid eels, with a key to taxa and

description of two new species of Ilyophis. Bulletin


Suvatti, C. 1981. Fishes of Thailand. Royal Institute of

Thailand, Bangkok. 379 p.

Sylva, D.P.de. 1990. Sphyraenidae. In: J.C. Quero, J.C.





Taher, M.M.; Mohamed, A.R.M. & Al-Ali, A.K.H.

2012. Some ecological characteristics and

ichthyofauna of surrounding Sammaliah Island, Abu

Dhabi, UAE. Basrah Journal of Science 30(2): 31-49. Talwar, P.K. & Jhingran, A.G. 1991. Inland fishes of

168


India and adjacent countries. Volume 2. A.A.

Balkema, Rotterdam.

Tavakoli-Kolour, P.; Khatami, S.; Barkhordari, A. &

Farhadi, A. 2015. First record of Cephalopholis formosa (Shaw, 1812) (Perciformes: Serranidae) in

the Persian Gulf. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 31:

197-198.

Taylor, W.R. & Gomon, J.R. 1986. Plotosidae. In: J.

Daget, J.-P. Gosse, D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde

(Eds.). Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa

(CLOFFA). ISBN, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and

ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. pp: 160-162.

Teimori, A., Esmaeili, H.R., Hamidan, N. &

Reichenbacher, B. 2018. Systematics and historical

biogeography of the Aphanius dispar species group

(Teleostei: Aphaniidae) and description of a new

species from Southern Iran. Journal of Zoological

Systematics and Evolutionary Research 56(4):579-

598.

Thollot, P. 1996. Les poissons de mangrove du lagon

sud-ouest de Nouvelle-Calédonie. ORSTOM

Éditions, Paris.

Thomson, J.M. 1984. Mugilidae. In: W. Fischer, G.



Area 51). volume 3. [pag. var.]. FAO, Rome.

Thomson, J.M. 1990. Mugilidae. In: J.C. Quero, J.C.





Todd, V.L.G. & Grove, J.S. 2010. First records of golden

trevally (Gnathodon speciosus, Carangidae), sharptail

mola (Masturus lanceolatus, Molidae) and evidence

for white shark (Carcharodon carcharias, Lamnidae)

in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. Marine

Biodiversity Records 3: e104.

Torquato, F.; Jensen, H.M.; Range, P.; Bach, S.S.; Ben-

Hamadou, R.; Sigsgaard, E.E.; Thomsen, P.F.;

Møller, P.R. & Riera, R. 2017. Vertical zonation and

functional diversity of fish assemblages revealed by

ROV videos at oil platforms in The Gulf. Journal of


Tortonese, E. 1986. Molidae. In: P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-

L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen, E. Tortonese

(Eds.). Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the

Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 3. pp: 1348-

1350.

Tortonese, E. 1990. Molidae. In: J.C. Quero, J.C.





Tytler, P. & Vaughan, T. 1983. Thermal ecology of the

mudskippers, Periophthalmus koelreuteri (Pallas) and

Boleophthalmus boddarti (Pallas) of Kuwait Bay.


Uiblein, F. 2011. Taxonomic review of Western Indian

Ocean goatfishes of the genus Mulloidichthys

(Family Mullidae), with description of a new species

and remarks on colour and body form variation in

Indo-West Pacific species. Smithiana Bulletin 13:51-

73.

Uiblein, F. & Heemstra, P.C. 2010. A taxonomic review

of the western Indian Ocean goatfishes of the genus

Upeneus (Family Mullidae), with descriptions of four

new species. Smithiana, Publications in Aquatic

Biodiversity, Bulletin No 11: 35-71.

Uiblein, F. & Heemstra, P.C. 2011. Description of a new

goatfish species, Upeneus randalli n. sp. (Mullidae),

from the Persian Gulf, with remarks and

identification keys for the genus Upeneus. Scientia

Marina 75(3): 585-594.

Uiblein, F. & Nielsen, J.G. 2018. Review of the

steatiticus-species group of the cuskeel genus

Neobythites (Ophidiidae) from the Indo-Pacific, with

description of two new species. Zootaxa 4387(1):

157-173.

Ünlü, E.; Balci, K. & Meriç, N. 2000. Aspects of the

biology of Liza abu (Mugilidae) in the Tigris River

(Turkey). Cybium 24(1): 27-43.

Vahabnezhad, A.; Raghavimotlagh, S.A. & Dhodrati-

Shojaei, M. 2017. Growth pattern and eproductive

biology of Acanthopagrus latus from the Persian

Gulf. Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences 4(1):

18-28.

Valinassab, T.; Daryanabard, R.; Dehghani, R. & Pierce,

G.J. 2006. Abundance of demersal fish resources in

the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Journal of the Marine

Biological Association of the United Kingdom 86:

1455-1462.

169


Valinassab, T. & Marof, S.N. 2012. Dictionary names of

species of fish Persian Gulf, Oman Sea and the

Caspian Sea basin, Moj-e-Sabz, Tehran, 280 p.

Valinassab, T.; Seifabadi, J.; Houmauni, H. & Afraie-

Bandpei M.A. 2013. Relationships between fish size

and otolith morphology in ten clupeids from the

Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman. Cybium 36(4) (for

2012): 505-509.

Vincent, A.C.J. 1996. The international trade in

seahorses. TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, UK.

163 p.

Vosoughi, A. 1993. Identification batoid fishes Strait of

Hormuz. Islamic Azad University North Tehran

Branch, MSc thesis.

Vosoughi, A. 1999. Identification and development of

Chondrichthyes fishes Persian Gulf (Bushehr

province waters). Islamic Azad University, Science

and Research Branch, Tehran, PhD thesis.

Vossughi, G.H. & Vossughi, A.R. 1999. Study of batoid

fishes, in northern part of Hormoz Strait, with

emphasis on some species new to the Persian Gulf

and Sea of Oman. Indian Journal of Fisheries 46: 301-

306.

Wantiez, L. 1993. Les poissons des fonds meubles du

lagon Nord et de la Baie de Saint-Vincent de

Nouvelle-Calédonie: Description des peuplements,

structure et fonctionnement des communautés. Ph.D.

Thesis, Université d' Aix-Marseille II, France.

Wass, R.C. 1984. An annotated checklist of the fishes of

Samoa. Natl. Ocean. Atmos. Adminis. Tech. Rept.,

Natl. Mar. Fish. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rept. Fish. (781).

Weigmann, S. 2012. Contribution to the taxonomy and

distribution of six shark species (Chondrichthyes,

Elasmobranchii) from the Gulf of Thailand. ISRN

Zoology 2012(860768): 24 p.

Weitkamp, D.E. & Sullivan, R.D. 2003. Gas bubble

disease in resident fish of the lower Clark Fork River.

Transactions of the American Fisheries Society

132(5): 865-876.

Whelan, R.; Jabado, R.W.; Clarke, C. & Muzaffar, S.B.

2017. Observations of rays and guitarfishes

(Batoidea) in shallow waters around Siniya Island,

Umm al-Qaiwain, United Arab Emirates. Tribulus

25: 76-90.

White, S.T. & Relyea, K. 1984. Gobiopsis canalis from

Kuwait coast, northern Persian Gulf (Pisces:

Gobiidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 65(1-2): 25-

27.

White, W.T. 2012. A redescription of Carcharhinus dussumieri and C. sealei, with resurrection of C. coatesi and C. tjutjot as valid species

(Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae). Zootaxa 3241: 1-

34.

White, W.T. & Last, P.R. 2016a. 30. Eagle Rays. Family

Myliobatidae. In: P.R. Last, W.T. White, M.R. de



Comstock Publishing Associates. pp: 706-725.

White, W.T. & Last, P.R. 2016b. 31. Pelagic Eagle Rays.

Family Aetobatidae. In: P.R. Last, W.T. White, M.R.

de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann, G.J.P.

Naylor (Eds.). Rays of the World. CSIRO Publishing,

Comstock Publishing Associates. pp: 726-731.

White, W.T. & Last, P.R. 2016c. 33. Devilrays. Family

Mobulidae. In: P.R. Last, W.T. White, M. R. de



Comstock Publishing Associates. pp. 741-749.

White, W.T. & Moore, A.B.M. 2013. Redescription of

Aetobatus flagellum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), an

endangered eagle ray (Myliobatoidea: Myliobatidae)

from the Indo–West Pacific. Zootaxa 3752: 199-213.

White, W.T. & Weigmann, S. 2014. Carcharhinus humani sp. nov., a new whaler shark

(Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae) from the

western Indian Ocean. Zootaxa 3821(1): 71-87.

Whitehead, P.J.P. 1963. A revision of the recent round

herrings (Pisces: Dussumieriidae). Bulletin of the

British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 10(6):

305-380.

Whitehead, P.J.P. 1965. A review of the elopoid and

clupeoid fishes of the Red Sea and adjacent regions.

Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)

Zoology 12(7): 225-281.

Whitehead, P.J.P. 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7.

Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeioidei).

An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the

herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies

and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. Rome: FAO.

125(7/1): 1-303.

Whitehead, P.J.P.; Nelson, G.J. & Wongratana, T. 1988.

FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of

170


the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and

illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines,

pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings.

FAO Fish. Synop. Rome: FAO. 125(7/2): 305-579.

Whitehead, P.J.P. & Wongratana, T. 1986. Clupeidae.

In: M.M. Smith, P.C. Heemstra (Eds.). Smiths' sea

fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp: 199-204.

Williams, J.T. 1988. Revision and phylogenetic

relationships of the blenniid fish genus Cirripectes.


Winterbottom, R. & Burridge, M. 1992. Revision of

Egglestonichthys and of Priolepis species possessing

a transverse pattern of cheek papillae (Teleostei;

Gobiidae), with a discussion of relationships.

Canadian Journal of Zoology 70: 1934-1946.

Winterbottom, R. & Burridge, M. 1993. Revision of

Indo-Pacific Priolepis species possessing a reduced

transverse pattern of cheek papillae, and predorsal

scales (Teleostei; Gobiidae). Canadian Journal of

Zoology 71: 2056-2076.

Winterbottom, R. & Villa, C.A. 2003. A new species of

the Trimma caesiura species complex (Teleostei:

Gobiidae) from the north-eastern margin of the

Australian Plate, with a redescription of the other

nominal species in the complex. Aqua, Journal of

Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology 7(1): 13-28.

Wirtz, P.; Fricke, R. & Biscoito, M.J. 2008. The coastal

fishes of Madeira Island - new records and an

annotated check-list. Zootaxa 1715: 1-26.

Wongratana, T. 1983. Diagnoses of 24 new species and

proposal of a new name for a species of Indo-Pacific

clupeoid fishes. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology

29(4): 385-407.

Woodland, D.J. 1990. Revision of the fish family

Siganidae with descriptions of two new species and

comments on distribution and biology. Indo-Pacific

Fishes 19: 1-136.

Woodland, D. 1997. Siganidae. Spinefoots, rabbitfishes.

In: K.E. Carpenter, V. Niem (Eds.). FAO

Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The

Western Central Pacific. pp: 3627-3650.

Wourms, J.P. & Bayne, O. 1973. Development of the

viviparous brotulid fish, Dinematichthys ilucoeteoides. Copeia 1973(1): 32-40.

Wright, J.M. 1988. Seasonal and spacial differences in

the fish assemblage of the non-estuarine Sulaibikhat

Bay, Kuwait. Marine Biology 100: 13-20.

Yamada, U.; Shirai, S.; Irie, T.; Tokimura, M.; Deng, S.;

Zheng, Y.; Li C.; Kim, Y.U. & Kim, Y.S. 1995.

Names and illustrations of fishes from the East China

Sea and the Yellow Sea. Overseas Fishery

Cooperation Foundation, Tokyo, Japan. 288 p.

Zajonz, U.; Beech, M. & Gill, A.C. 2002. Fishes of

Sabkha-related habitats. In: Barth & Böer (Eds.).

Sabkha Ecosystems. Dordrecht. pp: 283-298.

Zajonz, U.; Khalaf, M. & Krupp, F. 2000. Coastal fish

assemblages of the Socotra Archipelago. In:

Conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity of

Socotra Archipelago: marine habitat, biodiversity and

fisheries surveys and management. Progress Report

of Phase III. Senckenberg Research Institute and

Natural History Museum, Frankfurt. pp: 127-170.

Zare, P.; Larson, H.K. & Toorang, A. 2012. First record

of the gobiid fish Aulopareia ocellata (Teleostei:

Gobiidae) from Qeshm Island, The Gulf, with

discussion of its generic placement. Journal of Fish

Biology 81(4): 1192-1200.

Zare, P.; Naderi, M. & Azvar, E. 2012. Length-weight

relationships of 10 fish species collected from stake

traps in the muddy shores of the inter-tidal zone of

Bandar Abbas city, Persian Gulf, Iran. Journal of

Applied Ichthyology 1-2.

Zenetos, A.; Gofas, S.; Verlaque, M.; Cinar, M.E.;

Garcia-Raso, J.E.; Bianchi, C.N.; Morri, C.; Azzurro,

E.; Bilecenoglu, M.; Froglia, C.; Siokou, I.; Violanti,

D.; Sfriso, A.; San-Martin, G.; Giangrande, A.;

Katagan, T.; Ballesteros, E. & Ramos-Espla, A. 2010.

Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2010. A

contribution to the application of European Union’s

Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part

I. Spatial distribution. Mediterranean Marine Science

11/2(2010): 381-493.

Ziyadi, M.F.S.; Jawad, L.A. & Al-Mukhtar, M.A. 2018.

Halicampus zavorensis Dawson, 1984

(Syngnathidae): new record for Iraqi marine waters

and for the Persian Gulf area. Cahiers de Biologie

Marine 59: 121-126.

Zogaris, S.; Vidalis, A. & Fricke, R. 2015. First record

of the Oman Blenny Oman ypsilon Springer, 1985

(Teleostei: Blenniidae) from Kuwait and the Persian

Gulf. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 56: 77-80.

171

Iran. J. Ichthyol. (October 2019), 6(Suppl. 1): 1–171 Received: January 17, 2019

© 2019 Iranian Society of Ichthyology Accepted: October 07, 2019

P-ISSN: 2383-1561; E-ISSN: 2383-0964 doi: 10.22034/iji.v6i0.454

http://www.ijichthyol.org

پژوهشی مقاله

خلیج فارس: تنوع و وضعیت حفاظتیلیست تشریحی ماهیان

1، پریا جلیلی3، حمیدرضا اسماعیلی2رونالد فریک ، 1*سهیل ایگدری

ایران.روه شیالت، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، گ1 آلمان.هوفن، کونینگس-لودا 97922، 76ای.ام رامستال 2

. ایران یراز،ش شیراز، دانشگاه پایه، علوم دانشکده شناسی،زیست گروه جانورشناسی، بخش مولکولی، سیستماتیک و شناسیماهی تحقیقاتی آزمایشگاه3

سال گذشته انجام شده است، به اجرا 200چک لیست با هدف مرور و خالصه کردن نتایج تحقیقات سیستماتیک برروی ماهیان خلیج فارس که در طی این چکیده:

اری بسی سیستماتیک و وضعیتداری افزایش یافته صورت معنیهای معتبر بهمیالدی، تعداد گونه 18 نشناس دانمارکی در قریک زیست، C. Niebuhrدرآمد. از زمان کار

وردن یک چک لیست جدید و به روز آاطالعات ضرورت یافته است. در اینجا ما از این فرصت برای فراهم این روز رسانی رو به؛ از اینندابازنگری شده و ها تغییر کردهاز آن

کنیم. براساس نتایج ماهیان خلیج فارس های ماهیان گردآوری شده استفاده میای و نمونههای موزهبراساس نمونه های وقوعماهیان خلیج فارس براساس مقاالت و داده

89/41گونه ) 23با Charcharhinidaeترین خانواده باشند. در رده ماهیان غضروفی، متنوعراسته می 27جنس و 445خانواده، 131گونه تائید شده در 743شامل

27/6گونه ) 45با Carangidaeدرصد(، 70/9گونه ) 65با Gobiidaeدر راسته ماهیان استخوانی، درصد( بود. 08/31گونه ) 15با Dasyatidaeدرصد( و به دنبال آن

43/3گونه ) 23با Blenniidaeدرصد( و 43/3گونه ) 23با Lutjanidaeدرصد(، 73/3گونه ) 25با Apogonidaeدرصد(، 73/3گونه ) 25با Serranidaeدرصد(،

هستند.ماهیان خلیج فارس یهاترین خانوادهدرصد( متنوع

هند، خلیج فارس، دریای عمان، ایران.-ها، آرامتنوع ماهیکلیدی: کلمات

Research Article Annotated checklist of the fishes of the ...

Documents

Transcript of Research Article Annotated checklist of the fishes of the ...