Peyrot 2008: More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udānavarga fragments

More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udanavarga fragments 83

More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udanavarga fragments

1. In the decipherment of Tocharian, bilingual texts have playeda crucial role. In this respect, the text that has been most helpful forTocharian B is the Udanavarga (a.o. the sarvastivada equivalent of theDhammapada), of which there is a bilingual version where each San-skrit half pada is directly followed by a Tocharian B word-for-wordtranslation. The most important publications of this bilingual are Siegand Siegling (1930–2), Lévi (1911; 1933: 39–56) and Sieg and Siegling(1953: 190–202).

After the publication of the complete Sanskrit text by Bernhard(1965, 1968), Thomas further studied various grammatical and lexicalcorrespondences of original and translation (1968, 1969, 1971, 1973,1974a, 1975, 1977a, 1977b, 1989, 1993). Furthermore, he republished thefragments that had already been published by Sieg and Siegling (Siegand Siegling 1930–2; Thomas 1971a), and he published eight more frag-ments that had previously been identified by Bernhard (Thomas 1974;Bernhard 1965: 79)1, as well as two rest fragments (1977, 19802). Finally,Pinault published a fragment of the Paris collection (1994: 108–114).

Unfortunately, despite the fact that the bilinguals identified so farare of inestimable value for Tocharian studies, the portion known ofthe Tocharian B text is relatively small. In the following, I present an-other forty-four small fragments that can hopefully promote the studyof this important text.

2. The transliteration of the fragments is done in the traditional way,3

except that I have not restored the text in the transliteration. After

1 The press marks of these fragments are: TX1 (Bernhard TX78) = THT1350;TX2 = THT1368; TX3 = THT1318; TX4 (Bernhard TX86) = THT1355; TX5(Bernhard TX87) = THT1362a; TX6 (Bernhard TX89) = THT1327; TX7 =THT1333; TX8 (Bernhard TX99) = THT1362b.

2 Unfortunately, I have not been able to identify the small fragment he mentionson page 245.

3 Square brackets ‘[]’ indicate uncertain readings, ‘–’ indicates an unreadableakflsara, ‘(–)’ means that a whole akflsara is lost, and ‘·’ indicates an unreadable partof an akflsara. A middle dot ‘·’ over the virama stroke is used for the virama dot.

Indogermanische Forschungen, 113. Band, 83–125 DOI 10.1515/IDGF.2008.005© Walter de Gruyter 2008ISSN 0019-7262

84 Michaël Peyrot

each line I give the reference for the Udanavarga (Uv.; according toBernhard 1965), and problems with the identification are discussed ina short commentary on the fragment. A reconstruction of the Tochar-ian words (if possible) is given in a standard transcription withoutFremdzeichen, with references to the attestations in the manuscripts.The reconstruction is followed by the original Sanskrit line and anEnglish translation of the Sanskrit text. I have used a provisional listof the British Library in which old press marks were given and some-times a remark about the appurtenance to the Udanavarga was made.In principle, the old press marks are based on this list; it will be re-ferred to as ‘the list of the British Library’.

NB: I would like to thank Dr Tatsushi Tamai of Frankfurt Univer-sity, who very kindly put his transliteration of the unpublished Tochar-ian fragments of the Berlin collection at my disposal. Without histransliteration it would never have been possible to identify the Berlinfragments presented here. The full responsibility for the transliter-ation given in the following is, however, mine.4 The transliteration ofthe London fragments I have done myself within the framework of thetitus tocharica project, where I have profited much from Dr Tamai’sadvice.

IOL Toch 3685

The old press mark of this fragment is D9 and it measures 4.1 cm inheight and 5.6 cm in width.6 It contains three lines on each side andit is to be joined with IT2337 (old press marks H.add.149.109, U1;cf. Thomas 1971a: 7).

4 The official designation of the Berlin collection is Depositum der Berlin-Bran-denburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften in der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin –Preußischer Kulturbesitz – Orientabteilung. I would like to thank Prof PeterZieme and Dr Simone-Christiane Raschmann for their kind help with checkingthe Berlin originals.

5 At the time of writing, recto and verso of this fragment were reversed on thewebsite of the International Dunhuang Project (idp.bl.uk), as well as those ofIOL Toch 103, 308, 479, 505, 715, 807, 809, 928, 931, 988, 1027, 1243. Sinceaccording to plan this will be corrected in the near future, the problem is notedonly here.

6 I give the maximum sizes.7 I use ‘IT’ as a short form of ‘IOL Toch’.


Transliteration:

Notes:b5: the sequence [s_a_ ·] nke is mysterious. Since it should translate

adhiseflsyate ‘will lie on’, and nke does not look like (a part of) a 3sg.sbj.form, I suppose that we have to separate sä· nke and complete(lya)sä( flm) nke ‘will lie then’, though it is remarkable that nke ‘then’ isadded.

Reconstruction:1.27d /// (sai)flsflsentse ma olankä wikäflslyi IT233+368a1

kama hi lokasya na supraheya flh ‘for the ordinary, desires are noteasy to keep away’

1.28b /// k(t)s(ai)tsäññe yänmaflsflsä flm IT233+368a2hy atho sariram api jaram upaiti ‘and likewise the body enters oldage’

1.35b /// (lya)sä( flm) nke IT233+368b5pflrthivim adhiseflsyate ‘[this body] will lie on the earth’

IOL Toch 862

This fragment measures 4.5 cm in height and 3.9 cm in width. It hasno other press mark.

Transliteration:

recto 1 /// – flsfls[e]ntse ma olank_ a_ /// to IT233a1 /// wik_ a_ flslyi Uv. 1.27drecto 2 /// [k]·[s]·ts_a_ ññe yän·a – /// to IT233a2 /// fls_ fls_a_ [ flm] 1.28brecto 3 /// [8] dhik ·a /// to IT233a3 /// ·[t]v(a)m 1.29averso 5 /// [s_a_ ·] nke v [s]· /// to IT233b5 /// sunyo 1.35bverso 6 /// [v]ata putin· – /// to IT233b6 /// sada 1.36bverso 7 /// – 6 anena puti – /// to IT233b7 /// [k]ayena 1.37a

recto 1 /// tusaks· – /// Uv. 1.42arecto 2 /// ·[s]· [a]ke lkaflsflseñc[a] /// 1.42brecto 3 /// paraga flh tako[y]· /// 1.42drecto 4 /// [t]e m[u]l· /// 2.1averso 1 /// [p]lask· – /// 2.1cverso 2 /// [y]·te bhayam·0 y·e /// 2.2bverso 3 /// ·e·· flm me flmtsi kutame[·] /// 2.2dverso 4 /// – tibhyo ·i /// 2.3c

86 Michaël Peyrot

Notes:b1: probably 1sg.sbj. plaskau; some rests of the vocalism are visible,

but <au> cannot be read with certainty.b3: the anusvara dot of kutame flm is lost right of the edge.

Reconstruction: see below

IOL Toch 716

The old press mark of this fragment is Tb20 and in the list of theBritish Library it was assigned to Uv. 2.8. It measures 5.4 cm in heightand 6.5 cm in width.

Transliteration:

Notes:a1: slight rests of an <r> in ligature and an <o> are visible, so we

should read (pro)sk(o).


IOL Toch 765

The old press mark of this fragment is Tb69 and it measures 4.6 cmin height and 5.0 in width.

Transliteration:

recto 1 /// – sk· 2 rat[ibh]y· /// Uv. 2.2d–3arecto 2 /// – (–) lpo[fls_a_ ]ntso v nasti /// 2.3c–drecto 3 /// skari ecce ri[t·o] /// 2.4brecto 4 /// [ fldha] flm [ba] /// 2.5averso 1 /// [a]th··[r]· /// 2.7dverso 2 /// ·[t]i tv anitya ka – /// 2.8bverso 3 /// – (–) [g]·ta flm [mflrt]yudheya flm va /// 2.8dverso 4 /// – l[sk]osa ma [m_ a_ ] – [r]·e /// 2.9b

recto 1 /// [tu] v nekarflske y[pa] /// Uv. 2.4arecto 2 /// – n ulkeva /// 2.4drecto 3 /// [sk]· flm ·o /// 2.5averso 1 /// – (8) ///verso 2 /// kama ya – /// 2.7averso 3 /// [lm]· v tiflsflthanti ci – /// 2.7b–c


Notes:a1: the last akflsara might also be <yu>, but in view of other <p>’s

and <nu> in a2, <ypa> is slightly likelier.a2: as nulkeva is written together, we have to assume that either the

scribe cut the original Skt. line wrongly, or that lines c and d weregiven at once.8

a3: the rests are poor, but (we)sk(e) flm (kly)o(moñ) is a probable res-titution: a vestige of the e-vocalism can be seen on top of the <sk>

and the traces under the <o> could well be from <k>.


IOL Toch 554

The old press mark of this fragment is D195 and it measures 4.1 cmin height and 2.7 in width.

Transliteration:

Reconstruction:1.42a tusaksa flsek ompalskoññene wina yamofls kakraupaflsä flm

AS1Aa2–3, IT862a1tasmat sada dhyanarata flh samahita ‘therefore, [you who] alwayshonour meditation, and are concentrated’

1.42b etsarkällecci cmelle ktsaitsäññentse ake lkaflsflseñcañAS1Aa3–4, IT862a2

hy atapino jatijarantadarsina flh ‘and zealous, and see the end of birthand age,’

1.42d takoycer cmelle srukallentse totte ynucañ AS1Ab1, IT862a3bhaveta jatimaraflnasya paraga flh ‘may you reach the other shore ofbirth and death’

8 Cf. Bernhard 2.4c–d: kama dahanti vai balan ulkevamuñcata flh karam ||.

recto 1 /// j·flsu [k]· /// Uv. 2.8arecto 2 /// korme flm ma [n]· /// 2.8crecto 3 /// ls[k]osa ma – /// 2.9bverso 1 /// ka flm stoka flm k[·]a /// 2.10bverso 2 /// mt_ 0 eweme flm /// 2.11averso 3 /// sar[v]a flm ·e – /// 2.12a

88 Michaël Peyrot

2.1c /// plask(au) IT862b1na tva flm sa flmkalpayiflsyami ‘I will not imagine you’

2.2b y(s)e(lmenme flm) /// IT862b2kamebhyo jayate bhayam ‘from desires arises fear’

2.2d (ma n)e(sä) flm me flmtsi kutame( flm pro)sk(o) IT862b3, IT716a1nasti sokaflh kuto bhayam ‘there is no grief, let alone fear’

2.3c /// (tsä)lpoflsäntso IT716a2ratibhyo vipramuktanam ‘for those who are freed from pleasures’

2.4a nekarflske ypa(rwe) /// IT765a1madhuragra vipake tu ‘pleasant at first, but when ripe’

2.4b (rä)skari ecce rit(t)o(fls) IT716a3kafltuka hy abhinandita flh ‘bitter are the things that delight’

2.5a /// (we)sk(e) flm (kly)o(moñ) IT765a3na tad dflr fldha flm bandhanam ahur arya flh ‘noble men say that thatfetter is not strong’

2.7b /// (yse)lm(e) IT765b3sa flmkalparagaflh puruflsasya kamaflh ‘the desire of man is coloured byimagination’

2.8c /// (yai)korme flm ma n(ano) /// IT554a2ta flms tu prahaya hy apunarbhavaya ‘who renounces [desires] inorder to be born again’

2.9b (pä)lskosa ma mä(rka)r(tsts)e /// IT716b4, IT554a3manasanavilo bhavet ‘one should not be troubled by the mind’

2.11a /// (ra)mt eweme flm /// IT554b2rathakara iva carmaflnaflh ‘like a chariot-maker who [cuts out] fromleather’

IOL Toch 371

The old press mark of this fragment is D12 and it measures 2.9 cm inheight and 7.8 cm in width.

Transliteration:recto 1 /// – [st]· [ek]alymi v 14 gflr Uv. 2.14d–15arecto 2 /// – [t]e r[a]ta v s[·]ai 2.15bverso 1 /// [v]y·flsu – mepu v 2.18averso 2 /// – yän[m]afls_ fls_a_ flm v tflrfls flnakflsaya 2.18b–c


Notes:b1: – mepu is a mistake for (ka)meflsu


IOL Toch 1027

This fragment measures 3.6 cm in height and 3.1 cm in width. It hasno other press mark. Since the interval between the lines is smallerthan in IT715 (cf. directly below), these fragments do not belong tothe same leaf.

Transliteration:

Notes:b1: probably || k(a)m(avargaflh).b3: the position of the e-vocalism of the third akflsara implies an < l>.


IOL Toch 715

The old press mark of this fragment is Tb19 and it measures 3.8 cm inheight and 4.2 cm in width. This fragment does not belong together witheither IT267 or IT152, because it overlaps with both. Its line interval islarger than in IT1027, and so it is not from the same leaf as IT1027 either.

Transliteration:

recto 1 /// [d]·vye[fls]u /// Uv. 2.18arecto 2 /// y[ä]nmafls_ fls_a_ flm – /// 2.18brecto 3 /// – ///verso 1 /// [|| k]·[m]· – /// 2.20endverso 2 /// jantunaflh /// 3.1averso 3 /// enka·[e] /// 3.1b

recto 1 /// ·[a]vakaflh sada v [p]u /// Uv. 2.18drecto 2 /// ñi flsemepi v [e] /// 2.19c–drecto 3 /// ·a – ///verso 1 /// – ///verso 2 /// ·[ka]flsflseñcants· /// 3.1bverso 3 /// ks·lñene no kuse [w]i /// 3.2averso 4 /// – ·o·i ba – – /// 3.2d

90 Michaël Peyrot

Notes:b2: of the <k> only minimal rests remain.

Reconstruction:2.14d /// (yama)st(rä) ekalymi IT371a1

tflrfls flna na kurute vasam ‘desire does not control him’2.15b s(n)ai /// wina y(a)m(o)fls IT371a2, IT152a7

hy adharme bata te rata flh ‘they are pleased with the unlawful indeed’2.18b /// yänmaflsflsä flm IT371b2, IT1027a2

sa rati flm nadhigacchati ‘he obtains no delight’2.18d pudñäktentse9 /// IT267a4, IT715a1

buddhana flm sravakaflh sada ‘the disciple of the Buddhas always …’2.19c tu ma ekañi flsemepi IT152b6, IT715a2, IT267a6

vitta flm ta flm nalam ekasya ‘… [would] not [be] sufficient wealth for asingle man’

3.1b /// enka(lñ)e /// (l)kaflsflseñcants(e) IT1027b3, IT715b2tivraragasya subhanudarsina flh ‘for him who has fierce desire, andcontemplates pleasant things’

3.2a /// ks(e)lñene no kuse wi(na) IT715b3vitarkavyupasame tu yo rata flh ‘but he who is pleased with the qui-escence of doubts’

IOL Toch 928


Transliteration:

9 The gen.sg., deviant from the Skt., is attested in IT267, cf. Thomas (1971: 14).

recto 1 /// – sada smflrta /// Uv. 4.1drecto 2 /// – rme flm v apra[m]a /// 4.2a–brecto 3 /// ta v snai-ykorñe – /// 4.2crecto 4 /// – p·m·[t]· /// 4.3averso 1 /// – m·sth·n· /// 4.4everso 2 /// [ai]saumye aknat[s]· /// 4.4fverso 3 /// na damena [c]· /// 4.5bverso 4 /// ·[au]mye v tam o[gh]· /// 4.5c–d


Notes:a1: smflrta( flh) must be an error for mflrta flh.a2: the hiatus-resolving hy is lacking before aprama(dasya) (this oc-

curs frequently with these padas divided in two, because there is no hi-atus anyway, cf. Thomas 1974: 82, 1977b: 271 and e.g. B101a3 as(m)i flmfor hy asmi flm).

Reconstruction:4.2a /// (kärso)rme flm IT928a2

eta flm viseflsata flm jñatva ‘knowing this characteristic …’4.2c snai-ykorñe(cce) /// IT928a3

apramada flm pramudyeta ‘he should rejoice in carefulness’4.4f aisaumye aknats(a flm) /// IT928b2

dhiro balan avekflsate ‘the wise looks down on fools’4.5c /// (ais)aumye IT928b4

dvipa flm karoti medhavi ‘the wise makes an island’

IOL Toch 479

The old press mark of this fragment is D120 and it measures 4.0 cmin height and 4.0 cm in width.

Transliteration:

Notes:b2: one could think of an opt. cäñci-ne as a translation of roceta, but

there is no opt. attested to cwnk- ‘to please’, and the reading is certain:no trace of i-vocalism is visible.

Reconstruction:4.6c /// (pelai)knesa s(a)y(e)ñca(ntse) IT479a2

recto 1 /// ·t_ · [·t]· /// Uv.recto 2 /// knesa [s]·[y]·ñca /// 4.6crecto 3 /// ·[s]m·tr_ a_ 6 adhi[ce] /// 4.6drecto 4 /// – ·[a] ·i – ·o ///verso 1 /// ·r· – – [n]· [n]· /// 4.8bverso 2 /// p[i]lko ma cäñca /// 4.8cverso 3 ///[8 s]a – g[d]·[fls·]i /// 4.9averso 4 /// ·e ·e ///

92 Michaël Peyrot

sa flmyatasya hi dharmajivinaflh ‘for him who is self-restrained, livesaccording to the law,’

4.6d /// (t)sm(e)trä IT479a3hy apramattasya yaso ’bhivardhate ‘and is careful, fame increases’

4.8c /// pilko ma cäñca(n-ne) IT479b2mithyadflrflsflti flm na roceta ‘one should not like a wrong view’

IOL Toch 560

The old press mark of this fragment is D201 and in the list of theBritish Library it was assigned to Uv. 5.25. It measures 2.8 cm in heightand 5.0 cm in width.

Transliteration:

Notes:a2: for ce as the beginning of the translation of dflrflsflte ca dharme, cf.

B547a2 dflrflsflta eva dharme v cek cmelne. Maybe we have ce cmelne orcek cmelne ‘in this birth’ here, too.

b1: it seems that there is no vowel sign on the <y>, but this is nottotally certain: maybe we should read (ymi)y(e) for -gati flh?

b2: only the upper part of an <a> can be seen, so it could also be<a>, which might even be more likely because of the large space be-fore the marginal rests of < l[·]i> or < l[·]i> to the right. I suppose thatwe have an optative form of al- ‘to keep away’ here, i.e. alyi, alyiträ oralyiträ, as a translation of nivarayet.

Reconstruction:5.25a (alye)nkä flmts flspä lare mä(sketär) IT560a1

pareflsa flm ca priyo bhavati ‘and he is dear to the others’5.25c ce /// IT560a2

dflrflste ca dharme prasa flmsyaflh ‘in the present existence he is worthyof praise’

5.25d /// (ymi)y(e)? IT560b1samparaye ca sadgati flh ‘he is happy in the other world’

recto 1 /// nk_ a_ flmts fls_p_ a_ lare m_ a_ – /// Uv. 5.25arecto 2 /// ·[a]s[a] flmsyaflh [c]e /// 5.25cverso 1 /// y· 25 a /// 5.25d–26averso 2 /// – lome flm fls_ ·a_ [al·i] /// 5.26b


5.26b (yo)lome flm fls(p)ä al(y)i(trä) IT560b2casabhyac ca nivarayet ‘and he should keep the indecent away’

IOL Toch 988


Transliteration:

Notes:a2: this seems to be the end of Uv. 6.11b, though in Bernhard’s edi-

tion it reads subhavita flh and has no other variant reading than su-bhavita.

Reconstruction:6.11d snai-me(ntsi) /// IT988a3

tv asokaflh kflsi flnasa flmbhavaflh ‘he is free of grief and his rebirths havecome to an end’

6.12b kärsau s(n)ai /// IT988a4ajñatavi niraupadhi flh ‘[he who] has perfect understanding and is notattached to rebirth’

6.14a aipornek suwa flm IT988b2channam evabhivarflsati ‘it rains down on something that is covered’10

10 The interpretation of this line is controversial, because Skt. channam ‘covered’can both be subject and object. I prefer to take it as the object here, because, ap-parently, that is how the Tocharians understood it when they rendered channamwith the locative aipornek. The alternative translation is ‘a covered sky rainsdown [on you]’.

recto 1 /// – /// Uv.recto 2 /// – – (– –) – vita v /// 6.11brecto 3 /// – sa flmbhava[ flh] sn[ai] me /// 6.11drecto 4 /// raupadhi flh k_ a_ rsau s·ai /// 6.12brecto 5 /// [1]2 u – /// 6.13averso 1 /// [j]ñ[a] ca v – /// 6.13cverso 2 /// v aipornek_ 0 suwa flm /// 6.14averso 3 /// – ta flm nabhi[v]ar[fls]a[ti] m_ a_ – /// 6.14dverso 4 /// ·[e] (– –) paflsflso /// 6.15bverso 5 /// – – ///

94 Michaël Peyrot

6.14d mä(ntrakka) /// IT988b3eva flm ta flm nabhivarflsati ‘so it does not rain down on it’

6.15b (fls)e(k pa)paflsflso(rñentane) /// IT988b4sada sileflsu pa flnfldita flh ‘the wise man [should] always [train on] in vir-tues’

IOL Toch 457


Transliteration:

Notes:b1: we can read iv(a m)u(rchati) or iv(a m)u(rcchati). The latter is

attested as a variant reading next to Bernhard’s murchati.b2: maybe s[y]e or s[p]e?

Reconstruction:9.11c postän no räs(kare mäsketär) IT457a1

pascat tu kafltuka flm bhavati ‘later, however, it becomes bitter’9.12b ya(maskemane?) /// IT457a2

kurva flm balo na budhyate ‘doing [bad deeds], a fool does not recog-nise it’

9.12d (pu)warsa ·e /// IT457a3hy agnidagdhaiva tapyate ‘he is tormented as if burnt by fire’

9.17d s·e /// IT457b2bhasmacchanna ivanala flh ‘like fire covered with ashes’

IOL Toch 572


recto 1 /// p[o]st_a_ n no r_ a_ [s]· /// Uv. 9.11crecto 2 /// buddhyate v [ya] /// 9.12brecto 3 /// [wa]rsa ·e /// 9.12dverso 1 /// m i[v]· ·[u] /// 9.17bverso 2 /// [v]anala flh s·e /// 9.17dverso 3 /// – sa[ flm]paraye – /// 9.18c


Transliteration:


THT 2376g11 and THT 2376i

These two fragments must be from the same leaf, but there is agap of some akflsaras between them. THT2376i is the smaller lefthand fragment and it measures 5.8 cm in height and 4.5 cm in width.THT2376g is the larger right hand fragment and it measures 7.0 inheight and 8.7 cm in width. Both are in a frame with the label ‘Toch.573’. Fragment THT2376g, or the two combined, must be the frag-ment with the provisional press mark TB in Bernhard (1965: 79).

Transliteration:

11 Reversed on the internet.

recto 1 /// y· v [p]·[l]· /// Uv. 10.4brecto 2 /// sraddhaya [t]· /// 10.5arecto 3 /// sa rinas·r_ a_ /// 10.5drecto 4 /// [pr]·jña cai – /// 10.6brecto 5 /// – ya ///recto 6 /// ·[e] – ///verso 1 /// – saiflsflse /// 10.9averso 2 /// ta[r]ad dhana /// 10.9dverso 3 /// [k·yau]fls_a_ l[y]ñene /// 10.10bverso 4 /// – yam·0 ·e /// 10.11averso 5 /// – [s_a_ m]· – /// 10.11c

THT2376i THT 2376g Uv.recto1 /// la v yaiku e – /// /// sraddho [n]· /// 10.10c–d2 /// – theyam·0 pera – /// /// [n·] s[a] le v pu flny· /// 10.11a–b3 /// [me]ne ai[lye] /// /// – n[t]a flm varayati v – /// 10.11b–c4 /// pr[e]mane flsa[m]· /// /// yä v sramaflnan agata flm

dflr·[v]· /// 10.11d–e5 /// – ·e katke flm aisaumyi

11 || da – /// 10.11f–12a6 /// na[ flh] m_ a_ – ·[ä m]· [m]e ·e flm

[o] /// 10.12b

96 Michaël Peyrot

Notes:a2: the gap is thought to be approximately as big as in line b5: 6

akflsaras. We find pu flny(a flm) instead of regular puflnya flm.a3: -haram of sudurharam is translated with the gerund of ai- ‘to

give’, but it should mean ‘to be taken’ here. The meaning ‘to take’ isalso attested for the finite middle forms of this verb.

a4: yä is a bit lower than the other akflsaras, so it is probably -yä0 . We

find agata flm instead of Bernhard’s agata flm. The gap is thought to beapproximately as big as in line b3: 3 akflsaras.

b1: this should read yasya tv ete, but although the akflsara is da-maged, it looks more like tw ete (cf. wanti B308b4 for vanti).

b3: the gap is estimated at 3 akflsaras, because I expect it to containsamucchinna flh kete only; the Schnurloch must be responsible for therest of the space.

b5: the gap is estimated at 6 akflsaras, because it must contain yän-maflsflsä flm 13 vitasraddha flm.

Reconstruction:10.4b p(e)l(aikne) /// IT572a1

dharma flm nirva flnapraptaye ‘the law for the attainment of the nirva flna’10.5d /// sa rinas(t)rä IT572a3

prajñaya parisudhyate ‘one is purified by wisdom’10.9a /// saiflsflse /// IT572b1

yo jivaloke labhate ‘who obtains in the world of the living …’10.10b (kreñce)pi pelaikne flmttse klyauflsälyñene /// IT572b3, IT101a5

saddharmasravaflne rata flh ‘who is pleased with hearing the good law’10.10c yaiku e· /// THT2376i.a1

vinitamatsaryamala flh ‘who has removed the stains of avarice’10.11a pera(ktse) /// /// s· le THT2376i.a2, IT572b4, THT2376g.a2

sraddho gflrh flnati patheyam ‘as provisions, the faithful takes’

verso1 /// p·nabh· – – [al]y·nk_ a_ [·]ts_a_ /// 10.12d2 /// – (–) – /// /// ·[p_ ]· (–) samadhim

adhigacchati v o /// 10.12f3 /// ·w ·te samu[cch]i /// /// ·e no te k_ a_ rstor_ a_ v [t]ala – /// 10.13a–b4 /// – – [ke] – [r]·o /// /// – ·[a]trau ca v su – /// 10.13b–c5 /// ·e [y]änmafls_ fls_a_ flm /// /// ··[ flm n]a seveta [v] /// 10.13d–14a6 /// – lam·0 ·[o]l·e /// /// – v [sa] /// 10.14b–c


10.11b yarpo lyka flmntsa olyapotstse waimene ailyeTHT2376i.a3, IT101b1

puflnya flm corai flh sudurharam ‘merit, which is very hard to rob forthieves’

10.11d premane flsa(mani) /// /// y THT2376g.a4, THT2376i.a4haranta flh sramaflna flh priya flh ‘monks who carry off [merit] are valued’

10.11f (olyapo)tstse katke flm aisaumyi THT2376g.a5, IT101b2abhinandanti pa fln fldita flh ‘the wise rejoice’

10.12b mä(kte) /// ·e ·e flm o(nolmi) THT2376g.a6yathavibhavato jana flh ‘[some] men [give] according to their wealth’

10.12d aly(e)nkä( flm)ts /// THT2376g.b1, IT101b3pareflsa flm panabhojane ‘about the food and drink [given] to others’

10.12e ma su inkau flm kä(stwer fls)p(ä) THT2376g.b2, IT101b3nasau diva ca ratrau ca ‘he does not, by day nor by night,’

10.12f o(mpalskoññe yänmaflsflsä flm) THT2376g.b2, = Uv. 10.13dsamadhim adhigacchati ‘attain concentration’

10.13a kete no te kärstor IT26a2, THT2376g.b3yasya tv ete samucchinna flh ‘but for whom these are cut off’

10.13c su i(n)kau flm (kästwer) THT2376g.b4, IT101b4sa vai diva ca ratrau ca ‘he does, by day and by night,’

10.13d ompalskoññe yänmaflsflsä flm THT2376i.b5, IT26a2samadhim adhigacchati ‘attain concentration’

10.14b (y)olm(e) ramt snai wa(r) THT2376i.b6, IT26a4hrada flm yadvad dhi nirjalam ‘like a pool without water’

IOL Toch 979


Transliteration:recto 1 /// [t]· [t]· /// Uv.recto 2 /// – wär_ a_ tak_ a_ rflske /// 10.15crecto 3 /// dirya[t]e janaflh t· /// 10.16bverso 1 /// maflh p·r·k_ a_ ññ·flsflse /// 10endverso 2 /// [h]aya muni flh ka /// 11.1cverso 3 /// d·[ fldh]a[m] e /// 11.2b

98 Michaël Peyrot

Notes:b1: I suppose the Skt. reads (dasa)maflh ‘tenth’, cf. Bernhard’s uddana.

Reconstruction:10.15c /// wärä takärflske /// IT979a2

acchodaka flm viprasannam ‘with clear water, transparent’10.16b t(ane) /// IT979a3

hy atra vai diryate janaflh ‘then man is scared indeed’10.16end p(e)r(a)käññ(e)flsflse /// IT979b1

sraddhavargaflh dasamaflh ‘the tenth chapter [or verse collection]about faith’

IOL Toch 807

The old press mark of this fragment is Tb110 and in the list of theBritish Library it was assigned to Uv. 11.8. It measures 4.4 cm in heightand 4.7 cm in width.

Transliteration:

Notes:b1: I suppose sañ is just san, nom.sg. ‘enemy’, in sa flmdhi before the

following ñäflsträ; the ‘10’ has something over it, which might be thestroke of ‘11’, but I assume it is ‘10’ because pada 11 follows.

b3: ironically, exactly the same fragmentary correspondence,‘brahmacaryavan’ : ‘/// tse’, is attested for Uv. 32.19b in IT164b3, cf.Thomas (1971a: 41).

b4: probably the beginning of the Sanskrit text of Uv. 11.13b; thehiatus-resolving hy is lacking (which is regular in these half padas, cf.the note to Uv. 4.2b/ IT928a2).


recto 1 /// [·n]· /// Uv.recto 2 /// [l_a_ ]·l· fls_p_ a_ kakr[au] /// 11.8drecto 3 /// [k]·rmabhi[ flh] papai flh – /// 11.9crecto 4 /// – lo papaflsflsorñe /// 11.10averso 1 /// w sañ ñäflstr_ a_ 10 sth·v· /// 11.10d–11averso 2 /// : moha[j]ir flnaflh – /// 11.11dverso 3 /// – tse v [v]isre flna[y]· /// 11.12b–cverso 4 /// v [a] – – /// 11.13b


IOL Toch 505


Transliteration:

Notes:a2: <st[r_a_]> is added under the line, but no cross, which normally

marks an addition, is visible above.

Reconstruction:11.8d lä(k)l(e)12 flspä kakrau(pauwa) /// IT807a2

duflhkhas copacita bhava flh ‘accumulated rebirths are sorrows, too’11.10a /// (yo)lo papaflsflsorñe IT807a4

yo ’sav atyantaduflhsila flh ‘he who has excessively bad morals’11.10d /// w sañ ñäflsträ IT807b1

yathaina flm dviflsa-d icchati ‘like his enemy wishes [to have] him’11.11d /// westrä IT505a2

mohajir flnaflh sa ucyate ‘he is called “pseudo-old”’11.12b /// tse IT807b3

prahaya brahmacaryavan ‘who has put aside [merit and evil], wholeads the pure life’

11.12c (papatka)rme flm ya flm IT505a3visre flnayitva carati ‘who goes in dissociation’

11.15d wewe(ñu) /// IT505b2ukta flh pravrajitas tv iha ‘therefore he is called an “ascetic”’

12 Different from the Sanskrit, the Tocharian is singular.

recto 1 /// [v]· [t]· [p]· /// Uv. 11.11brecto 2 /// – west[r_ a_ ] 11 [y]· /// 11.11d–12arecto 3 /// rme flm y[a flm] v [s]· /// 11.12cverso 1 /// [ma] flnaflh [s]· /// 11.15bverso 2 /// ha v we[w]e /// 11.15dverso 3 /// – – – ///

100 Michaël Peyrot

IOL Toch 772

The old press mark of this fragment is Tb76 and it measures 4.2 cmin height and 2.9 cm in width.

Transliteration:

Notes:This fragment is from the same leaf as IT122 (U10), but the exact

size of the lacuna cannot be counted out, since it always contains someTocharian text, of which the precise number of syllables is not known.IT772 is from the left side of the leaf, and IT122 from the right side:IT772a1–3 and IT772b3–5 precede IT122a1–3 and IT122b3–5 by ap-proximately one Sanskrit or Tocharian half pada.

Reconstruction:12.8d /// -s(cä) IT772a2

eflsa margo visuddhaye ‘this is the way to complete purity’12.12b /// (ytar)y(e) mäkt(e) /// IT772b3

tv ekayano ha flmsapatho yatha hrade ‘like the only certain way of fla-mingos to the pond’

12.13a /// (lkaflsflse)ñca IT772b5ekayana flm jatijarantadarsi ‘he who sees the end of rebirth and oldage [proclaims] the only certain [way]’

IOL Toch 579

The old press mark of this fragment is 156Ta5 and in the list of theBritish Library it was assigned to Uv. 13. It measures 4.4 cm in heightand 3.9 cm in width. There is no leaf number preserved and it is there-fore not totally certain that this fragment is from the left side of theleaf – it might also have the Schnurloch space at the left.

recto 1 /// jñaya – /// Uv. 12.8brecto 2 /// s_ ·· 8 a – /// 12.8drecto 3 /// – ra – /// 12.9cverso 1 /// ·[y]· m_ a_ kt· /// 12.12bverso 2 /// ·[a]ti ga fln· /// 12.12dverso 3 /// ñca v ma /// 12.13a–b


Transliteration:

Notes:a1: this rest could be from either Uv. 13.8b or 8c, but since line a2 is

identified as Uv. 13.8d, it must be 13.8b.a3: the <m> can be read, but I cannot see the expected <r> on top

of it; it should read ahir muflsakadurga flm.a4: if the lower edge of the fragment is somewhat abraded, the rests

that at first sight look like <n> could be from <k> instead, which iswhat we expect: kwri ‘if’ as a translation of cet.

b4: B31a5 has astre flm saul, but this cannot be read here. Rather, therests point to the regular prose form astare (the translation in B31a5 isless literal and versified, and probably differed from the one here).


IOL Toch 1187


Transliteration:

recto 1 ·y·[fls]· [sp]flr /// Uv. 13.8brecto 2 lskoñe ma yä /// 13.8drecto 3 tse v ahi [m]u – /// 13.9b–crecto 4 [k·]i v s[r]a – – /// 13.10a–bverso 1 – [·]m· – (–) – ///verso 2 sanghika flm [n]· /// 13.11cverso 3 taka flm v sile – /// 13.12a–bverso 4 [s]·[ar]e saul_a_ /// 13.12d

recto 1 /// m[a] /// Uv.recto 2 /// [·h]· – [bh]a[v]e /// 13.8brecto 3 /// – nmafls_ fls_a_ flm – – /// 13.8drecto 4 /// [fls]akad[u]rga flm va v /// 13.9cverso 1 /// – ///verso 2 /// [v]·[m]·ny·ta v [s]· /// 13.11cverso 3 /// [fls]u susa[m]a·i[t]· /// 13.12bverso 4 /// – [y]e·ai s[nai] /// 13.12dverso 5 /// ti [jñ]a /// 13.13c

102 Michaël Peyrot

Reconstruction:13.08d (ompa)lskoñe ma yä(nmaflsflsä flm) IT579a2

samadhi flm nadhigacchati ‘he does not attain concentration’13.09b /// tse IT579a3

sramaflnyartheflsv avekflsavan ‘attentive to the duties of monkhood’13.10a /// k(wr)i IT579a4

sukha flm jivitum icchec cet ‘if one searched for a happy life’13.12a totkats aiku kwri taka flm B31a4, IT579b3

alpajñato ’pi ced bhavati ‘even someone who knows little’13.12d /// (a)s(t)are saulä (sa)ye(ñc)ai snai (laiwo) ///

IT579b4, IT1187b4, (B31a5)suddhajivam atandritam ‘he leads a pure life and is indefatigable’

IOL Toch 931


Transliteration:

Notes:a1, a2: these lines are difficult to locate precisely, because they occur

in 11–13. Since line a is preceded by lines b-c in the fragment, a1 can onlybe 11b–c or 12b–c. Accordingly, a2 would be 12a or 13a respectively.

b3: vigataragebhya( flh) is the regular pausa variant of Bernhard’svigataragebhyo.

Reconstruction:16.11/12b /// ne flsäp po-yknesa IT931a1

maraflnante ca sarvasa flh ‘entirely, even [until] it ends with death’16.12/13a ku(s)e sau(lne) /// IT931a2

yo jivite na tapate ‘he who is not tormented during his life’16.15d flsek yototrä yakn(e) IT931b2

sada sa flmpadyate vratam ‘his manner always succeeds’

recto 1 /// [ne] fls_a_ p po-yknesa : sa /// Uv. 16.11b–c/12b–crecto 2 /// [t]e na tapate : ku·e [s]au /// 16.12a/13arecto 3 /// ·e – ///verso 1 /// – ddh· /// 16.15bverso 2 /// – flsek yototr_ a_ yakn· /// 16.15dverso 3 /// ·[ma]d vigataragebhya /// 16.16c


IOL Toch 1244 and IOL Toch 809

These two fragments are from the same leaf: both have ‘MQ’ fea-tures (e.g. kärttsewñe IT1244b5 and wäntärwa IT809a7), in both thepausa visarga is not always written, and, what is most important, theymatch in lines a5 and b3, but with a gap of some akflsaras in between.IT1244 is the larger upper (lower on the verso) left hand fragment andit measures 5.0 cm in height and 6.0 cm in width; it has no other pressmark. The old press mark of the lower (upper on the verso) right handfragment IT809 is Tb112 and this measures 4.3 cm in height and 6.2 cmin width.

Transliteration:IT1244 IT809 Uv.

recto1 /// – ///2 /// ·[k]· – [l]·i ñäflst[r_ a_ ] – /// 20.13d3 /// ai[rflsaits_a_ ]ññe ·e (–) – –

/// 20.14b4 /// [kfls]·ntim ihahur arya v

·e /// 20.14d5 /// – [v w]er·i (–) – [·0 ] – (–)

·[e] ////// ·[t_]· [fls]·[m]·sk[e] v

krodha – /// 20.15b–c6 /// [t]y· vaden na ca kru·e /// 20.16a7 /// – r yukta v wänt_a_ rwa /// 20.16cverso1 /// [kut]eme flm scono v dant· /// 20.17a–b2 /// [s]·i prajanata flh v [s]· /// 20.17d3 /// n· v kus· ·c·[n]· – (–)

·[y]· [t]· ////// – ·· flm – näno v kru·[e] ///

20.18b–c4 /// yet·0 [w]eta waimene

yu[k]· /// 20.18d5 /// – lainä k_ a_ rttsew[ñ]e –

(– –) – /// 20.19b6 /// 19 akrudha – /// 20.20a7 /// – ///

104 Michaël Peyrot

Notes:a4: we find arya for regular arya flh, but notice that the pausa visarga

is not written in this manuscript: it lacks in a5 for mithaflh (– v instead),in a7 for yukta flh (yukta v instead) and in b3 for punaflh (n· v instead).

a5: the reading of this line is particularly uncertain, since in IT1244only the upper part of some akflsaras is visible, and in IT809 only thelower. As I do not know how to restore the whole line, the number ofmissing syllables is uncertain; it might also be that the last e-vowel ofIT1244 belongs to (the first akflsara of) flsemeske on IT809. If a piecethat is flipped over to the verso is considered, the reading of the ·[t_]· isless doubtful, but not yet certain.

b2: slight rests of the <c> and the <o> of scono can be seen, too.b3: on IT809, a little piece from the recto is flipped over at the left. I

do not know how to restore this line either, so the number of missingakflsaras, if there are any, is uncertain.

b6: akrudha(sya) for akruddhasya is certain.

Reconstruction:20.13d /// ·k· – l·i ñäflsträ /// IT1244a2

yo ’tivakya flm titikflsati ‘who endures reproach’20.14b airflsaitsäññe ·e /// IT1244a3

sa flmrambhaheto flh sadflrsasya caiva ‘and for reasons of impetuosity, toa fellow man’

20.15b wer(ts)i(yanne) /// (wa)t fls(e)m(e)ske IT809a5, IT1244a5pariflsatsv atha va mithaflh ‘in assemblies or privately’

20.16c wäntärwa(sa) /// IT809a7sthanair ebhis tribhir yukta flh ‘provided with these three things’

20.17a /// kuteme flm scono IT809b1santasya hi kuta flh krodhaflh ‘from where could anger come to thetranquil man?’

20.17d s(cono) /// IT809b2krodho nasti prajanata flh ‘for him who understands, there is noanger’

20.18b kus(e s)c(o)n(aine) ·y· t· /// ·· flm – näno IT1244b3, IT809b3yaflh kruddhe krudhyate punaflh ‘he who, being angered, becomesangry in return’

20.18d weta waimene yuk(atsi) /// IT1244b4sa flmgrama flm durjaya flm jayet ‘he wins a fight that is difficult to win’


20.19b (yo)lainä kärttsewñe(sa) /// IT1244b5asadhu flm sadhuna jayet ‘one should overcome evil with the good’

IOL Toch 308

The old press mark of this fragment is H.fol.168 and it measures 9.2cm in height and 9.9 cm in width.

Transliteration: Uv.

Notes:b4: upasamyate can be read with certainty against Bernhard’s resti-

tuted upasamyati (upasamyati Uv. 24.1d, where his restitution is basedon, has a variant reading (u)pasamyate).

Reconstruction:23.26end /// kraupe IT308a1

atmavargaflh ‘the chapter [or verse collection] about the self’24.1c flse pärkawtse reki spa(lme flm) IT308a2

ekam arthapada flm sreyaflh ‘one profitable word is better’24.2a /// (kan)t(e) weñi IT308a3

yac ca gathasata flm bhaflset ‘even if one spoke a hundred verses’24.2d kuse keklyauflsorme flm no /// IT308a4

yac chrutva hy upasamyate ‘having heard it, one calms down’24.3b /// akraupatte IT308a5

duflhsilo hy asamahita flh ‘with bad morals and not concentrated’24.4a kwri flspä pikwala flmts kante sa(yi) IT308a6

yac ca varflsasata flm jivet ‘even if one lived a hundred years’

recto 1 /// kraupe 23 || || yac ca 23.26end–24.1arecto 2 /// ya flh flse p_ a_ rkawtse reki spa 24.1crecto 3 /// ·[t]· weñi v adharmapadasa flm 24.2a–brecto 4 /// · upasamyate v kuse keklyauflsorme flm no 24.2drecto 5 /// [a]kraupatte v ekaha flm jivita flm sreya[ flh] 24.3b–crecto 6 /// kw[r]i fls_p_ a_ pikwala flmts_ 0 kante sa 24.4averso 1 /// ·[ya]yina flh sada v aisamopi 24.4dverso 2 /// – [k]ware sesinu ainake spelke v e 24.5b–cverso 3 /// ·entse prakre 5 yac ca varflsa[s]ata flm 24.5d–6averso 4 /// [lñ]e v ekaha flm jivita flm sreyaflh 24.6b–cverso 5 /// ta flm jivet·0 kwri fls_p_ a_ pikwa 24.7averso 6 /// flh [fls]eme kau flm sasayo 24.7c

106 Michaël Peyrot

24.4d aisamopi /// IT308b1prajñasya dhyayinaflh sada ‘always for him who is wise and meditat-ing’

24.5b (pa)kware sesinu ainake spelke IT308b2kusido hinaviryavan ‘lazy and devoid of energy’

24.5d /// entse prakre IT308b3viryam arabhato dflr fldham ‘for him who exerts strong energy’

24.6b /// lñe IT308b4apasyann udayavyayam ‘not seeing arising and passing away’

24.7a kwri flspä pikwa(la flmts kante sayi) IT308b5yac ca varflsasata flm jivet ‘even if one lived a hundred years’

24.7c flseme kau flm sasayo(fls) /// IT308b6ekaha flm jivita flm sreyaflh ‘a life of one single day is better’

IOL Toch 884


Transliteration:

Notes:a1: this is a difficult line, because the Sanskrit text is lacking. < lki>,

which can be read if the piece flipped over to the verso is considered,must be from telki and combined with yam- it must mean ‘to honour’or ‘to sacrifice’ (the equation telki ~ yajña is attested in B541a4).Bernhard’s reconstruction puflnyaprekflsi is confirmed by yarpo lk· ///,which must contain a form of lwka- ‘to see’, but his yajati may haveto be turned into yajeta in view of the opt. in Tocharian B yami (and cf.Dhp.108b yajetha).

recto 1 /// [lk]i yami yarpo l[k]· /// Uv. 24.30brecto 2 /// k·mofls_ 0 saim ·a m[i] /// 24.30drecto 3 /// ·[i]bhi wflse[te] /// 25.1brecto 4 /// l[o 1] sr[a]ddhebhi – /// 25.2arecto 5 /// [m]itr_ a_ ·e /// 25.2cverso 1 /// k[ek]ly· /// 25.4cverso 2 /// tr_ a_ [sau]m[o] ai /// 25.5averso 3 /// [h]y u[p]aiti sre /// 25.5cverso 4 /// – nitya flm v s[p]alm· – /// 25.6averso 5 /// – pasamena ca v /// 25.6d


a2: after (ke)k(a)mofls, the word saim can be read, but the lower partof the ligature <mXa> is unclear. I would expect a form of yam- ‘todo’ and the following akflsara could either be mi or mo, both givinggood possibilities (i.e. either yamo° or yami), but it looks more like<m[n]a>, so that I would like to leave this question open.

a3: I expect wflsetstse or the like as a translation of pisuna, but thereare no rests below the <t>. Maybe it is just very abraded.

b3: we clearly read sre, so probably sre(flsfltham), against Bernhard’sreconstruction sraiflsflthya flm Uv. 25.5c, just as (sr)e(flsfltham) in B308a8.

Reconstruction:24.30b /// (te)lki yami yarpo lk(aflsflse)ñca IT884a1, B307b4

sa flmvatsara flm yajeta puflnyaprekflsi ‘if he sacrificed for a year, strivingfor merit’

24.30d winaflsflsälyñe (e)mpr(e)ñcenne kekamofls saim ·a miB307b5, IT884a2

abhivadana flm tv flrjjugateflsu sreyaflh ‘doing homage to the sincere isbetter’

25.1b wflset(s?)e /// tk·reccenmpa IT884a3, B307b7pisunair vibhutinandibhi flh ‘with the malicious and those who rejoicein wealth’

25.1d /// (yo)lo IT884a4, B307b8sa flmgati flh papair hi papika ‘association with the evil is bad’

25.2c waflsamñe (ya)miträ sle-aisamñets(e) IT884a5, B308a1sakhya flm kurvita saprajñaflh ‘the wise man should make friends [withthe faithful etc.]’

25.4c ce flm(nm)e flm (no) kekly(auflsorme flm) /// IT884b1, B308a5teflsa flm hi srutva tu subhaflsitani ‘having heard these eloquent wordsfrom them’

25.5a /// trä saumo ainake flm lare yamaflseñca IT884b2, B308a7hiyati puruflso nihinasevi ‘the man who keeps low company becomeslow himself’

25.6a spalm(e flm) /// IT884b4sreyo hi labhate nityam ‘the most excellent is attained by him whoconstantly …’

108 Michaël Peyrot

IOL Toch 225

The old press mark of this fragment is H.add.149.95 and it measures9.0 cm in height and 4.0 cm in width. It was published by Broomhead(1962: I, 363–364), but not identified, and his reading can be improvedconsiderably.

Transliteration:

Notes:b4: the wording slightly deviates from Bernhard’s text; we expect

va flm pi instead of vam api with one syllable more.b2: probably with double ‘v v’ just to fill the line.b5: <da> is clear, but we expect darvi, not darvi.

Reconstruction:25.8d (kä)r(t)sauwñe mäntra(kka) /// IT225a2

sad eva flm sa flmgamat satam ‘so virtue arises from union with the vir-tuous’

25.9b yamaske(mane) no lare yamasträ IT225a3, B308b8kurva flnam upasevate ‘if one keeps company with someone who does[bad things]’

25.9d /// cwi tsmeträ IT225a4avar flnas casya vardhate ‘and he will get a bad name’

25.10c prere /// IT225a5saro lipta flh kalapasthan ‘a poisoned arrow [poisons unpoisoned ar-rows] in a quiver’

recto 1 //// v y[o] naro Uv. 25.8brecto 2 //// [r]·[sau]wñe m_ a_ ntra 25.8drecto 3 //// – v yamaske 25.9brecto 4 //// cwi tsmetr_ a_ 25.9drecto 5 //// – stha flm v prere 25.10crecto 6 //// [n]aiva papa 25.10fverso 1 //// ·[kn]·sa fls_p_ 0 25.11bverso 2 //// ·[kn]·sa v v 25.11dverso 3 //// ·[s]· v asanto 25.12cverso 4 //// – vam api [c]e 25.13averso 5 //// – rsana flm v da 25.13cverso 6 //// [t]a flm paryupa 25.14b


25.11b /// (y)kn(e)sa flsp /// IT225b1yadflrsa flm copasevate ‘and like whom he keeps company with’

25.11d /// (y)kn(e)sa IT225b2sa flmseva hy asya tadflrsi ‘his company is like that’

25.12b /// (añmant)s(e) IT225b3dflrflsfltva sa flmpakam atmanaflh ‘seeing his own ripened fruit’

25.13c /// (kä)rsana flm IT225b5na sa dharma flm vijanati ‘he does not know the law’

IOL Toch 103

The old press mark of this fragment is H.149.319 and it measures 6.8cm in height and 4.8 cm in width. Just as the above fragment IT225, itwas published by Broomhead (1962: I, 352), but not identified.

Transliteration:

Notes:a1: the marginal rests are difficult to interpret: maybe m·sk· is to be

completed (ya)m(a)sk(au), for karomi Uv. 27.8c?a4: we expect kakraupau 10 …b3: there is no trace of an anusvara over the ya in atiliyati, where

Bernhard has atiliyanti.

Reconstruction:27.08c (ya)m(a)sk(au)? tä· m· ·t· IT103a1

aha flm karomiti na tasya hi flmsyat [lege: hi syat] ‘he would not think“I do it”’

27.09a /// (s)aiflsflse IT103a2manopeto hy aya flm lokaflh ‘this world is furnished with pride’

27.10a kuse yainmor kuse /// IT103a3

recto 1 /// m·sk·[t_a_ ]·m· ·t· (–) – /// Uv. 27.8c?recto 2 /// ·[ai]flsflse v manasakta flh sa /// 27.9brecto 3 /// v kuse yainmor kuse – /// 27.10arecto 4 /// my[e] kakraupau pa – /// 27.10dverso 1 /// v spaktanne w[i] /// 27.11cverso 2 /// – cenne k_ a_ lpastr_ a_ /// 27.12bverso 3 /// [s]· tv atiliyati ba[l]· /// 27.13bverso 4 /// [s] ·a flm [p·]a[p]as[·]a·[i] /// 27.13d

110 Michaël Peyrot

yat prapta flm yac ca praptavyam ‘what has been obtained and what isto be obtained’

27.10d /// (aisau)mye kakraupau pa IT103a4jahyad vidva flm samahita flh ‘the wise who is concentrated would over-come’

27.11c spaktanne wi(na) /// IT103b1upasthanarataye ca [lege: °rata ye] ‘and who rejoice in service’

27.12b /// cenne kälpasträ IT103b2na doflsas teflsu vidyate ‘no fault is found with them’

IOL Toch 766

The old press mark of this fragment is Tb70 and it measures 3.8 cmin height and 5.9 cm in width.

Transliteration:

Notes:a3: ·au·o·e ·e is clear, and it could be (s)au(m)o(nts)e (fls)e(k), as a

translation of manujasya sada, but this is not totally certain, of course.b1: we read mahanta flm for Bernhard’s mahanta flm.

Reconstruction:29.12d /// (a)stari pärna-palkäske(mane) IT766a1

tv antar hy asuddha bahi sobhamana flh ‘they are impure on the in-side, and brilliant on the outside’

29.14b (s)au(m)o(nts)e (fls)e(k) /// IT766a3manujasya sada smflrtimataflh ‘for the man who always has full con-sciousness’

29.21b wäntalyme flm ltu(weflsä flm) /// IT766b2capad utpatita flm saran ‘arrows shot forth from a bow’

recto 1 /// s[t]ari p_ a_ rna pal_k_ a_ ske – /// Uv. 29.12drecto 2 /// havaraha i /// 29.13crecto 3 /// ·au·o·e ·e /// 29.14averso 1 /// [a]rtha flm mahanta flm g[a] /// 29.20cverso 2 /// [ñ]cch·ra flm v wäntalyme flm ltu – /// 29.21b


IOL Toch 1243

This fragment measures 2.9 cm in height and 3.8 cm in width.

Transliteration:


IOL Toch 367


Transliteration:

Notes:a2: I would like to put forward the hypothesis that the ‘ornamental’

<6> we have here, with a vertical stroke between the ‘<s_>’ and the‘<u>’, which in turn is crossed by a horizontal stroke, is in fact to beread <7>, i.e. 6 + 1. Otherwise, we would have to assume that in thisversion the yugavarga contained 56, not 57 padas, which would also bepossible.

a4: of the first akflsara the rest of an arc can be seen, which could beof a long < i>.

recto 1 /// – te wits_a_ ko [k]· /// Uv. 29.54arecto 2 /// lpofls_a_ v ko nu /// 29.54c–dverso 1 /// – tya s·[r]v·sa[ flm]jñ[a·] /// 29.56cverso 2 /// – purato muñca /// 29.57a

recto 1 /// nes_a_ lñe[n]·e /// Uv. 29.57brecto 2 /// – 6 || yugava[rga] /// 29.57endrecto 3 /// [t_a_ ]nmastr_ a_ v duflh[kh]· /// 30.1a–brecto 4 /// – norme flm yukal[ñ]e /// 30.1drecto 5 /// – sakta flh sa – /// 30.2cverso 1 /// ñm_ a_ nts· [s]· ·[w] ñ· /// 30.4cverso 2 /// – yamofls_a_ flm v [nai] /// 30.5a–bverso 3 /// r[a]tra ca v saiflsflsene /// 30.5dverso 4 /// th[ai]va v kflsatre o – /// 30.6bverso 5 /// [r]·cari v ma [y]· /// 30.6d

112 Michaël Peyrot

Reconstruction:29.54a (ke)te witsäko k(enne) /// IT1243a1, cf. U18b3

yasya mula flm kflsitau nasti ‘who has no root in the earth’29.54c /// (tsä)lpoflsä IT1243a2, cf. U18b4

ta flm dhira flm bandhanan muktam ‘the wise who is released fromfetters’

29.57b /// nesälñen(ts)e /// IT367a1madhye muñca bhavasya paragaflh ‘give up in the middle, havingreached the other shore of existence’

30.1a /// tänmasträ IT367a3jayad vaira flm prasavate ‘from victory one carries off enmity’

30.1d (reri)norme flm yukalñe /// IT367a4hitva jayaparajayau ‘having given up both victory and defeat’

30.2c sa(nuññe) /// IT367a5vairasa flmsargasa flmsakta flh ‘united in close connection with enmity’

30.4c (a)ñmänts(e) s(ak)w ñ(äflsflseñca) /// IT367b1atmanaflh sukham eflsanaflh ‘searching for his own happiness’

30.5a pelaikne yam(i) /// /// yamoflsä flm IT367b2, B101a2dharma flm caret sucaritam ‘one should practise the law well’

30.5d saiflsflsene /// IT367b3hy asmi flm loke paratra ca ‘in this world and in the next’

30.6b kflsatre o(rotstse) /// IT367b4chatra flm mahad varflsakale yathaiva ‘like a large umbrella in therainy season’

30.6d ma y(olo) /// IT367b5na durgati flm gacchati dharmacari ‘he who practises the law does notgo to a bad existence’

THT 1329h13

This fragment measures 4.5 cm in height and 4.0 cm in width. Theframe has a label ‘Toch. 155’ and another fragment in this frame has astamp ‘T III MQ 69’. The fragments have no letter labels, but from leftto right and from top to bottom it would be ‘h’.



Transliteration:

Notes:a1: the rests are poor, but I think we should read w(e)ske( flm v)

n(ai)t(e).a2: we read karafln· /// for Bernhard’s kara flnasa flmgraheflna.


THT 136614

This fragment measures 4.2 cm in height and 3.8 cm in width. It hasthe label ‘Toch. 202’.

Transliteration:

Notes:a2: I believe that this is Uv. 30.10a, but I am not able to explain what

seems to be a sequence of writing errors. In Bernhard’s edition thisline reads: aya flm hi pratyuhasatani jitva. Might the scribe have at-


recto 1 /// [w]·[s]k[e·] n· t· /// Uv. 30.9a–brecto 2 /// bhavet kara[ fln]· /// 30.9drecto 3 /// – bhutam·0 – /// 30.10brecto 4 /// ·[o] – 0 ///verso 1 /// – – : [flr] /// 30.15cverso 2 /// – sukha flm te [bh]· /// 30.16averso 3 /// su ca : fls_a_ [le] /// 30.16dverso 4 /// ·a – – – ///

recto 1 /// – [s]· ·r_ a_ ·m· /// Uv.recto 2 /// [h]· pflr[r]tyu[h]· – t· /// 30.10arecto 3 /// – dami v epre·e /// 30.10crecto 4 /// – [abh]i[p·]a /// 30.11bverso 1 /// ·r_ a_ ///verso 2 /// [s]th·nanirata[·] /// 30.14cverso 3 /// [w] p[e]laiknene [w]· /// 30.15averso 4 /// – rge ca – ·i /// 30.15dverso 5 /// ·[ai] – ///

114 Michaël Peyrot

tached the hook of the <u> to the preceding <pra> instead? Thething on top of <[r]tyu>, which I transliterated as <[r]>, looks a bitlike <e>.

Reconstruction:30.9a /// w(e)ske( flm) THT1329h.a1

dana flm ca yuddha flm ca samanam ahuflh ‘they say that giving and fightare alike’

30.10c epre(t)e /// THT1366a3surad dhi ta flm suratara flm vadami ‘I declare that he is stronger than ahero’

30.15a /// w p(e)laiknene w(ina) /// THT1366b3yeflsa flm dharmarata flm cittam ‘they whose minds rejoice in the law’

30.16d flsäl(e flmne) /// THT1329h.b3parvateflsu guhasu ca ‘in mountains and in caves’

THT 2375k

The fragment measures 5.6 cm in height and 3.1 cm in width. Theframe has the label ‘Toch. 561’.

Transliteration:

Reconstruction:30.18d /// lñe THT2375k.a2

pra flnabhuteflsu sa flmyamaflh ‘self-control with respect to the livingbeings’

30.19c /// akalñe THT2375k.a3asmimanasya vinayaflh ‘the discipline of self-conceit’

30.20b /// stm(o)wä THT2375k.a4sukha flm sraddha pratiflsflthita ‘happiness is firm faith’

recto 1 /// – [m]·sya pas·a /// Uv. 30.18brecto 2 /// lñe v 18 || [s]· /// 30.18d–19arecto 3 /// [a]kalñe v eta – /// 30.19crecto 4 /// [s]tm·wä v sukha – /// 30.20brecto 5 /// ·e flm ///verso 1 /// – n· – (– –) – ///verso 2 /// ·r_ a_ v duflhkha ba – /// 30.26cverso 3 /// – na flmm iva sa[ flm] /// 30.26fverso 4 /// [j]ayate vira /// 30.27c


IOL Toch 1020

This fragment measures 3.5 cm in height and 5.3 cm in width.

Transliteration:

Reconstruction:30.52b /// (flsä)ñ-(a)ñm pällanträ kr(eñc) IT1020a2

na kamahetor lapayanti santa flh ‘the good do not boast because ofsensual desires’

31.2b os(t)a(me flm) /// IT1020b2okad oghat samuddhflrta flh ‘taken out from its house, from the flood’

IOL Toch 569

The old press mark of this fragment is D210 and in the list of theBritish Library it was (wrongly) assigned to Uv. 5.3. It measures 4.6cm in height and 5.0 cm in width.

Transliteration:

Notes:a3: we must complete pälskoflsflse kr(aupe), as we are at the end

of the cittavargaflh. The preceding Skt. was probably (cittavargaflhsa)m(a)pta flh.

a4: lines Uv. 32.1b and 2b are identical, but line 1b fits better to theinterval between a2 and a3.

recto 1 /// – /// Uv.recto 2 /// ñ ·ñm_ [ 0 ] p_ a_ llantr_ a_ [k]r· /// 30.52brecto 3 /// ·[u]khavargaflh samap[t]· /// 30.52endverso 1 /// [s]ya damana flm sadhu : /// 31.1cverso 2 /// ·[a]t samuddhflrta flh o[s·a] /// 31.2bverso 3 /// – ///

recto 1 /// ·[t]· ·[r_ ]· /// Uv.recto 2 /// [s]urakflsit· [p]r· /// 31.60crecto 3 /// [m]·[p]ta flh p_ a_ lskoflsflse [k]r· /// 31.60endrecto 4 /// [y]· hi nanyapo /// 32.1bverso 1 /// artho nasti [j]· /// 32.3dverso 2 /// [na]sa awlawäcci o /// 32.4averso 3 /// keklyau[fls]or[m]e flm – /// 32.4c

116 Michaël Peyrot

THT 2375c


Transliteration:

Notes:b1: the first akflsara may be [·p]·, in which case we could complete

(s)p(e)ltke.b3: the last akflsara is probably to be completed ta(koy), whereas we

would expect takoy, but the <a> is clear.

Reconstruction:32.4a /// (rekau)nasa awlawäcci o(nolmi) IT569b2

tudanti vacabhir asa flmyata jana flh ‘uncontrolled beings strike withwords’

32.4c keklyauflsorme flm /// IT569b3, THT2375c.a5srutva tu vaca flm paruflsam udiritam ‘hearing a harsh word uttered’

32.5c /// (aka)lk THT2375c.b2anokasari hy amamo nirasa flh ‘wandering around homeless, unself-ish, without hope’

32.6b /// s(au)l sayeñca ta(koy) /// THT2375c.b3suddhajivo bhavet sada ‘one should always be leading a pure life’

32.6e tume flm pla(nto) /// THT2375c.b4tata flh pramodyabahula flh ‘then, filled with joy, …’

recto 1 /// – /// Uv.recto 2 /// – ·k· ñe – /// 32.3a?recto 3 /// v amamasya s· – /// 32.3crecto 4 /// – yata ja·[a flh] – /// 32.4arecto 5 /// -[m]·0 ke·au /// 32.4cverso 1 /// – l[tk]e – /// 32.5b?verso 2 /// – [l_k_ ] 0

v kam· – /// 32.5c–dverso 3 /// – [sau]l_ 0 sayeñca ta /// 32.6bverso 4 /// la flh tume flm p[l]a – /// 32.6everso 5 /// – ya ta ///


THT 2374q


Transliteration:

Reconstruction:32.27a /// lñe THT2374q.a1

sa flmtuflsfltir indriyair gupti flh ‘contentment and control of the senses’32.28b päls(k)osa /// THT2374q.a3

manasa ca na duflskflrtam ‘[who has] done no evil with the mind’32.29a pelaiknent(a) /// THT2374q.b1

dharma flh subhavita yasya ‘who is well-trained in the laws’32.29d /// (kakrau)pafls THT2374q.b2

sada bhikflsu flm samahitam ‘[they] always [call him] a concentratedmonk’

32.30d flse(k) /// THT2374q.b3sada silam anasravam ‘[they] always [say that this] moral conduct isfree of passions’

IOL Toch 926


Transliteration:

recto 1 /// [l]ñe v pratimo /// Uv. 32.27a–brecto 2 /// – adhicitte s· /// 32.27erecto 3 /// – tam·0 p_ a_ ls·osa /// 32.28bverso 1 /// [s]ya v pelaiknent· /// 32.29averso 2 /// pafls_ ·0 29 || [i] /// 32.29d–30averso 3 /// [n]asravam·0 [flse] /// 32.30d

recto 1 /// ·t· – – – Uv.recto 2 /// pta flh kuse fls_p_ a_ sco 32.49crecto 3 /// v mardita 32.50brecto 4 /// kfls·r niru 32.50dverso 1 /// [k]·lyñ[e]nta 32.54bverso 2 /// te sa bhikflsu flh 32.54dverso 3 /// – fls_p_ a_ olyapo 32.55averso 4 /// [r] ida flm jahat[y a] 32.55c

118 Michaël Peyrot

Notes:a1, a2, b3, b4: a little piece is probably wrongly attached to the left;

it is not considered in the transliteration.b1: of the <k> only minimal rests can be seen. If nakälñe /nákwlne/

‘reproach’ has a pl. nakalñenta /nakwlnenta/, we could neverthelessequate akrosas ca and identify it as Uv. 32.54b.

Reconstruction:32.49c kuse flspä sco(nai) /// IT926a2

yas ca dveflsakflsaya flm prapta flh ‘and who has attained the diminutionof hatred’

32.54b (na)k(a)lyñenta? /// IT926b1hy akrosas ca vadhas ca bandhana flm ca ‘scoldings, killings and bind-ing’

32.55a (kuse ma o)lyapotse masa ma flspä15 olyapo ///THT1327a6, IT926b3

yo natyasara flm na catyaliyan ‘he who has not gone too far, nor clungtoo much’

THT 2374ii


Transliteration:

15 THT1327: flsp.

recto 1 /// – sti – – /// Uv.recto 2 /// || akro – – /// 33.19arecto 3 /// ·ahmaflna flm hi /// 33.19drecto 4 /// – sari flna flm /// 33.20crecto 5 /// – [m]e flm – ///verso 1 /// – w· ///verso 2 /// [n]t·nts_ ·0 bravi /// 33.24c–dverso 3 /// ·[k_ a_ ]·k[e] sawe flm k_ a_ – /// 33.25bverso 4 /// ·pa ra flm – – /// 33.26averso 5 /// – u 0 2[6] – /// 33.26d


Notes:a1: a wrong piece lies on the right half of the line.b4: the sequence para flm occurs in Uv. 33.26a apara flm ca and in 26b

parapara flm na. The rests following it look more like ca than na, butthis is difficult to tell with certainty. I chose for 26a because of the in-tervals between lines a3–5.

b5: a wrong piece reads ha; cf. also under a1.

Reconstruction:33.24c /// (pelaiknen)t(a)nts THT2374ii.b2

paraga flm sarvadharma flnam ‘reaching the other shore of all laws’33.25b (ly)kä(s)ke-sawe flm kä /// THT2374ii.b3

aflnusthula flm subhasubham ‘fine or rough, beautiful or ugly’33.26d /// (ce)u THT2374ii.b5

bravimi brahmaflna flm hi tam ‘him I call a Brahman’

THT 2375r


Transliteration:

Notes:a1: we would expect that the Skt. text ends in <m ·0 >, but the rests

are difficult to decipher.b1: this one akflsara can be read with certainty and it does not occur

in the Skt. lines that qualify for it. I therefore think that it is TocharianB and I estimated it to be from Uv. 38.58c.


recto 1 /// – a[s]alye – /// Uv. 33.50crecto 2 /// m·0 kerekau[na] /// 33.51brecto 3 /// [ja]l·a (–)[·0 ] ·[e] /// 33.52averso 1 /// – skai – /// 33.58cverso 2 /// p_ · v icchalo – /// 33.59bverso 3 /// – parakramya /// 33.60a

120 Michaël Peyrot

THT1343a

The fragment measures 4.4 cm in height and 3.5 cm in width. Theframe has the label ‘Toch. 171’, the fragment has a stamp ‘T III MQ69’.

Transliteration:

Reconstruction:33.50c asalye /// THT2375r.a1

aneya flm snataka flm buddham ‘indifferent, cleansed, awakened’33.51b kerekauna /// THT2375r.a2

oghatir flnam anasravam ‘having crossed the flood, free of passions’33.53b ysel(m)e(nne) /// THT1343a.a2

kameflsu niravekflsi flnam ‘indifferent to desires’33.54a kete yo(kiye) /// THT1343a.a3

yasyalayo nasti sada ‘he who never has desires’33.54d /// (bra)hm(a) flne flm ceu THT1343a.a4

bravimi brahmaflna flm hi tam ‘him I call a Brahman’33.57a /// (pa)lsko THT1343a.b3

arupi flna flm sada cittam ‘always the formless thought’33.59a /// (flsä)p THT2375r.b2

chitva naddhri flm varatra flm ca ‘having cut off strap and thong’

recto 1 /// [k]· /// Uv.recto 2 /// – ysel·e /// 33.53brecto 3 /// kete yo – /// 33.54arecto 4 /// [h]m· flne flm ceu·0 5[4] /// 33.54dverso 1 /// [v] bravimi bra – /// 33.55dverso 2 /// r[va]duflhkha – /// 33.56cverso 3 /// lsko v [a] /// 33.57a–bverso 4 /// – ///


THT2375q16


Transliteration:

Notes:b2: I assume that this is line Uv. 33.70a, because that is the only line

starting with yada hi after a pada with a number ending in <9>. Ac-cordingly, the rests before it can be read as <[60]>.

Reconstruction:33.62a matär pa(tär) /// THT2375q.a2

matara flm pitara flm hatva ‘having killed mother and father’

3. Some of the word correspondences found enable us to refine or as-certain the meaning of the Tocharian words. I discuss these instancesbelow.

nekarflske ypa(rwe) IT765a1 madhuragra ‘sweet/ pleasant at first’ Uv.2.4a. The meaning of the word nekarflske was not known and Adams(1999: 341, following Sieg and Siegling 1953: 37) even consideredthe possibility that the two attestations known to him (B101a5,B382a1) are writing errors for takarflske ‘faithful; clear’. With itstranslating madhura-, the meaning is ascertained as ‘sweet’ or‘pleasant’, the opposite of räskare ~ kafltuka- ‘bitter, harsh’ in Uv.2.4b. The meaning ‘pleasant’ fits best to the attestations known: ///(s)e pañäktaññe pelaikne ate tot empre flmtse sware nekarflske pällarflskeste (B101a5) ‘this law of the Buddha is so true, sweet, pleasant andpraiseworthy!’, /// gandharvv(i) sark(a) yamflsye flm nekarflsk(e) ///(B382a1) ‘the gandharvas played the lute … pleasant’. One may


verso 1 /// [k]· – /// Uv.verso 2 /// – tva v mat_a_ r p[a] /// 33.62averso 3 /// ·e ·· flm – ///recto 1 /// – ///recto 2 /// [6]9 || yada hi /// 33.70arecto 3 /// – – ///

122 Michaël Peyrot

add contextless nekarflske in THT1348a.b3, nekärflskana rekauwna(THT1297b3) ‘pleasant words’ and yselmenne nekärflskä ///(AS12Lb2) ‘in the desires … pleasant’. The fact that nekarflske neverrefers to something drinkable or edible, but to ‘the law’ (B101),‘words’ (THT1297), ‘desires’ (IT765, AS12L?) and possibly ‘music’(B382), points to a meaning ‘pleasant’ rather than ‘sweet’.nekarflske seems to have the same suffix as klänkarflske ‘doubtful’,pällarflske ‘praiseworthy’, pautarflske ‘honouring’, mäntarflske ‘evil’,mällarflske ‘pliant (?)’ and takarflske ‘faithful; clear’, which are de-rived from (a-less variants of) klwnk- ‘to doubt’, pwla- ‘to praise’,pauta- ‘to revere’, mwnt- ‘to disturb’, mwl- ‘to press’ and probablynes- ‘to be’ (subj. táka-) respectively.17 The only verb that would for-mally match nekarflske, however, is nwk- ‘to destroy, to perish’, whichhas no suitable meaning.

(pa)kware sesinu IT308b2 kusido ‘lazy, slothful’ Uv. 24.5b. The To-charian B (pa)kware sesinu ‘badly depressed’ for ‘lazy’ can only beunderstood with recourse to the Skt. kusida- (with a wrongly San-skritised variant kusida-), which the translator analysed as ku- ‘bad’and sida- ‘sat down, sunk down’.

(ly)kä(s)ke-sawe flm THT2374ii.b3 aflnusthula flm ‘fine or rough’ Uv.33.25b. The writing of the vowels in lykäske and sawe flm points to acompound lykäské-sawe flm, though ‘MQ’-writing is difficult to ex-clude in view of the small size of the fragment. The importance ofthis form lies in the vowel e before sawe flm, because the word for‘rough’ known until present is asawe. It might be that lykäskesawe flm is a sa flmdhi variant of lykäske asawe flm, since -e =- is a pos-sible sa flmdhi result of -e a- (the other and more frequent two being-= a- or -= a-, cf. Stumpf 1971: 105). However, in a compound wewould not expect such sa flmdhi and it is therefore likely that we aredealing with the unprefixed form of asawe, or, in other words, theexact cognate of Tocharian A sawe, nom.pl.m. ‘big’ (asawe goesback to *en-sawe, cf. Hilmarsson 1991: 12318).

17 (a)ñmalarflske flm IT165b3 is either a writing error or an incidental analogical cor-ruption of añmalaflske ‘pitying’, after the words in -rflske cited here. Much lesslikely is it that añmalaflske had the same suffix, but the r was lost.

18 Different from what Hilmarsson writes, however, Tocharian A asawe is bor-rowed from Tocharian B asawe, and not the other way round.


wäntalyme flm abl.sg. IT766b2 capad ‘bow’ abl.sg. Uv. 29.21b. This wordis also attested in B109b6 and it has been translated as ‘bow’ (e.g.Schmidt 1974: 354, Thomas 1964: 240), which is confirmed by itstranslating capa. The inflection of the word is not clear, however,since in B109b6 it is in the oblique singular too, but there it has theform wäntalyi. If wäntalyi is no mistake for wäntaly before the fol-lowing ite, we have to assume that wäntalyi and wäntaly° are vari-ants. Since this is not the text type where we would expect syncope,and it is not the right phonological context for syncope either, I sup-pose that wäntaly° is the basic form. Possibly, ly was not tolerated infinal position and automatically changed into lyi.19

(flsä)ñ-(a)ñm pällanträ IT1020a2 lapayanti ‘they boast’ Uv. 30.52b. Canwe conclude that there was no Tocharian B word for ‘to boast’? Atleast lapayanti was translated as ‘they praise themselves’. For thesame expression, cf. (flsa)ñ-añm palamai ñäs ‘I praised myself’ B46a5and flsañ-añm pällatär B64a5 ‘he praises himself’.

4. Many more of the word and grammar correspondences found inthese fragments deserve a systematic discussion, which I hope can oneday be offered within the framework of a complete edition of all theSanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual fragments of the Udanavarga thathave been identified. This edition should contain both Tocharian B –Sanskrit and Sanskrit – Tocharian B word lists, which will not onlypromote the study of the Tocharian B lexicon, but will also help toidentify the Sanskrit originals of many more Tocharian B fragmentsand fragmentary texts.

R e f e r e n c e s

Adams, Douglas Q., 1999, A dictionary of Tocharian B. Amsterdam – Atlanta.Bernhard, Franz, 1965, Udanavarga, Band I: Einleitung, Beschreibung der

Handschriften, Textausgabe, Bibliographie. (Sanskrittexte aus den Turfan-funden X, Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen, Phi-lologisch-Historische Klasse, 3. Folge, Nr. 54) Göttingen.

19 Of words with final ly I found only mudgaly B218a2; ysaly B31b7 may be just asa flmdhi variant of the oblique ysalyi*, ysaly B496a6 is probably a sa flmdhi variantof the nominative ysalye. The oblique cannot have been ysalye in view of thegenitive isälyäntse B255b3.

124 Michaël Peyrot

– 1968, Udanavarga, Band II: Indices, Konkordanzen, Synoptische Tabellen.(Sanskrittexte aus den Turfanfunden X, Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wis-senschaften in Göttingen, Philologisch-Historische Klasse, 3. Folge, Nr. 54)Göttingen.

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Pinault, Georges-Jean, 1994, ‘Formes verbales nouvelles dans des manuscrits inéditsdu fonds Pelliot Koutchéen’, in: Bernfried Schlerath (ed.), Tocharisch, Akten derFachtagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft, Berlin, September 1990. (To-charian and Indo-European Studies Supplementary Series 4) Reykjavík, 105–205.

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– 1953, Tocharische Sprachreste, Sprache B, Heft 2, Fragmente Nr. 71–633, ausdem Nachlaß herausgegeben von Werner Thomas. Göttingen.

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– 1968, ‘Zur tocharischen Übersetzung des Sanskrit-Udanavarga’, Zeitschrift fürVergleichende Sprachforschung 82, 183–224.

– 1969, ‘Zur tocharischen Wiedergabe der Sanskrit-Verba des Udanavarga’,Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 83, 290–322.

– 1971, ‘Bemerkungen zu den sanskrit-tocharischen Bilinguen der Turfanfunde’,Orbis 20, 220–235.

– 1971a, Bilinguale Udanavarga-Texte der Sammlung Hoernle. (Akademie derWissenschaften und der Literatur, Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwis-senschaftlichen Klasse, 1971, 7) Wiesbaden.

– 1973, ‘Zur tocharischen Übersetzung der Sanskrit-Nominalkomposita des Ud-anavarga’, Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 87, 161–189.

– 1974, ‘Zu einigen weiteren sanskrit-tocharischen Udanavarga-Fragmenten’,Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Sprachforschung 88, 77–105.

– 1974a, ‘Zur Verbal- und Kasussyntax in den sanskrit-tocharischen Udanavarga-Texten’, Orbis 23, 103–127.

– 1975, ‘Zur tocharischen Entsprechung von skt. tayin’, Zeitschrift für Verglei-chende Sprachforschung 89, 221–230.


– 1977, ‘Ein weiteres tocharisches Udanavarga-Fragment’, Zeitschrift für Verglei-chende Sprachforschung 90 (1976), 104–113.

– 1977a, ‘Zum Problem der Übersetzung buddhistischer Sanskrittexte im Tocha-rischen’, in: Beiträge zur Indienforschung, Ernst Waldschmidt zum 80. Geburts-tag gewidmet. (Veröffentlichungen des Museums für Indische Kunst, Band IV)Berlin, 523–548.

– 1977b, ‘Der tocharische Übersetzer und seine Zweifel an der eigenen Leistung’,Central Asiatic Journal 21, 259–294.

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– 1989, Probleme der Übertragung buddhistischer Texte ins Tocharische. (Akade-mie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Abhandlungen der Geistes- und So-zialwissenschaftlichen Klasse 1989, 10) Stuttgart.

– 1993, Parallele Texte im Tocharischen und ihre Bewertung. (Sitzungsberichteder wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft an der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universi-tät Frankfurt am Main, XXX, 5) Stuttgart.

Vergelijkende Indo-Europese Taalwetenschap M i c h a ë l P e y r o tUniversiteit LeidenPostbus 9515NL – 2300 RA L e i d e nThe [email protected]

Peyrot 2008: More Sanskrit – Tocharian B bilingual Udānavarga fragments

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