CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACT : AN ANALYSIS ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS OF MUSLIM AID

Group Members Samsad Asad Khan-40Nusrat Jahan-38Md. Mahbub ul Islam-42Jannatul Ferdous-102Sabbir Ahmed Sikder-104

CLIMATE CHANGE: CAUSES, IMPACTS AND RESULTS Climate is usually defined as the

‘average weather’ in a place. It includes patterns of temperature, precipitation (rain or snow), humidity, wind and seasons. Climate change means a change in climate that persists over a sustained period of time. The World Meteorological Organization defines this time period as 30 years.

Causes of climate change: increasing CO2 (almost 25% in the last two centuries); radiation of sun ray (almost 5%); increasing hole in Ozone layer; utmost usage of fossil foil because of deforestation, chemicals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, pollution in air and water within so on.

Impact of climate change: Global warming, increasing sea level, salinity in water, snow melting in the arctic areas, decreasing soil fertility, extinction of animals and botanic organs.

Result of climate change: in the last century, several severe natural disasters caused due to climate change. Some worth-mentioning are: flooding in China in 1931, volcanic assault in Peru in 1962, cyclone in Norway, flooding in Bangladesh in 1970, Tsunami in Indian ocean in 2004, hurricane Katrina in USA in 2007, SIDR in Bangladesh in 2007 and so on.

GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS AND ITS RESULTS In the 1980's, the global annual mean temperature curve started to rise. People began to question the theory of an upcoming new ice age. Having started new global environmental politics, NGOs are working to play pivotal role.

Key reasons of global environmental politics: Trans-boundary air pollution, degradations of shared rivers, pollution of oceans, natural disasters across the world (Tsunami in Indian ocean in 2004) and sees and most convincingly urbanization within industrialization.

Impacts of global environmental politics: creating tragedy of commons, victimized primarily least developing countries but endangered the globe eventually.

Results: increasing carefulness towards developing countries resulting first world climate change conference in United Nations in 1975, formed IPCC in 1988, 1st world summit Rio known as United Nations Convention on Climate Change.

CONFERENCES, INITIATIVES, GLOBAL POLITICS AND RESULTS TOWARDS CLIMATE CHANGE United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) treaty dealt with World Summit in Rio in 1992. 189 countries agreed the treaty. A way out created on Conference on Parties (COP).

1st COP held in Berlin, Germany in 1995. objective of the conference was to control greenhouse emission.

In 1997, Kyoto protocol accepted at COP-3. decreasing up to 8% CO2 gas emission before 2012 was the main objective. 2001, at bon, Germany, this agreement accepted by 147 countries, despite Bush administration left it.

‘Marrakech accord’ announced at COP-7 in 2007. IPCC announced their 4th report on climate change and basis on this, at least 15% CO2 emission decreased was objectified.

TO BE CONTINUED Global environmental politics was the main responsible at this state not to enforce in Kyoto Protocol. USA and Canada left it. China, India and Brazil didn’t agree. Being the most responsible, those countries didn’t follow KP.

COP-15 was in vain to capitalize KP because of adversity of USA and China. Therefore, at the Cancun, COP-16 agreed to create a ‘Green Climate Fund’ of 100 Billion USD for poor countries to be sustainability per year across the world.

eventually, in Durban, COP-17 agreed to create rules about KP before 2015 and binding rules towards enforcement before 2020.

At COP-18 at Doha, Russia, Ukraine, New Zealand informed objection about KP extension. That implies a new dilemma.

BANGLADESH PERSPECTIVES: IMPORTANCE IN COP, MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM AND INITIATIVES Importance: the daily news paper of

Bangladesh Daily Star comments recently that Bangladesh is going to be the central at COP-19 which will be held in Warsaw, Poland.

Causes(1) of being one of the most important countries in COP-19: Himalayan daughter Bangladesh is the youngest and most active deltaic plain, sixth largest densely populated country Bangladesh is about 7% of the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna basins, but 93% of water of this region go down to the Bay of Bengal, 35% of her total population live below the poverty line, agriculture land has been declining 1% per year.

Causes(2): a recent report of the Maple Craft of the UK, which has conducted a survey on 170 countries with using 42 indicators, revealed that Bangladesh is on the top of among 16 countries that are most vulnerable to climate change in next 30 years, ‘German Watch’ and ‘Climate Vulnerability Monitor 2010: The State of the Climate Crisis’ have also found Bangladesh as one of the most vulnerable countries.

TO BE CONTINUED causes of climate change: global warming, deforestation, population density, poverty, soil erosion, soil infertility, salinity in water, sea level rising, scientific and technological inadequacy as well as so on.

Impacts of climate change: flooding (1970 and 1991), cyclone ( SIDR in 2007 and AILA in 2009), earthquake, seasonal flooding, migration(almost 2,50000 people per year), elimination of livelihood (almost 7,00000 people per year).

Initiatives: initiatives taken by GoB are: Vision 2021, Outline Perspective Plan, Five Years Plan, Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan 2009, Nishorgo support project, Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund, Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund, Multilateral Funds, Bilateral Funds.

MUSLIM AID

Muslim aid is an international development agency working to alleviate the sufferings among the world’s poorest,

most marginalized and vulnerable communities regardless of race, creed or nationality.

STARTING OF MUSLIM AID Muslim aid is an international development agency working to alleviate the sufferings among the world’s poorest, most marginalized and vulnerable communities regardless of race, creed or nationality.

Set up in 1985 by leading British Muslim organizations, Muslim Aid supports projects in over 70 countries spanning over Africa, Asia, the Americas and Europe.

LAUNCH IN BANGLADESHMuslim aid is working in Bangladesh since 1991 and is registered with the NGO Affairs Bureau of the Prime Minister’s office of the Government of Bangladesh.

MISSIONo It is guided by teaching of Islam and it endeavors to tackle poverty and its causes by developing innovative and sustainable solutions that enable individuals and their communities to live with dignity.

VISION Its vision is to:

Alleviation of povertyPromoting education for allProvision of basic amenities for those in need

VALUESThe values of Muslim Aid are- Justice Accountability Compassion Empowerment

DONORS AND PARTNER ORGANIZATIONS

Muslim Aid work in partnership with UNICEF, Save the Children, ECHO, UNESCO, BNCU, WFP, ACDI/ VOCA, Muslim Aid Australia.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT PROGRAMMEMuslim Aid Uk Bangladesh at first started its operation through a massive relief operation in 1991. Since then it has been implementing multidimensional programme such as relief, recovery, rehabilitation etc

CATEGORIES OF PROGRAMME The Programme of Muslim Aid can be segregated into two part-

Part 1- Climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction.

Part 2- Emergency response and humanitarian assistance.

PART- 1 Programme for Strengthening

Preparedness and Response Capacity in Flood and Cyclone Prone Area.

Campaign and Action for School Resilient From Earthquake.

Education in Emergency. Samity and Capacity Building.

PART -2 Provide Emergency Relief and Recovery.

Cash Grant for Homestead Gardening. Cash for Training. Cash for Work. Family Latrine. Health Care Service. Food Security and Nutrition. Programme for Strengthening Household and Access to Resources.

MANGROVE FOREST PROTECTION PROJECT Volunteer Groups Formed. Developed training. Tree Plantation Programme.

ON GOING PROGRAMME- 2013Climate Change Scheming- Ward- Based Research. Hazard Map and Copping Calendar Developed.

Developed Training Modules . Volunteer Groups Formed.

CONDITION OF WOMEN IN KURIAKHALY ON THE BASIS OF MUSLIM AID’S PROGRAM: THE GAP BETWEEN REALITY AND INITIATIVES.

Five important livelihood capital are issued to examine the real picture.

Education- most of the women do not have formal education.

Health- health status of maximum women is pitiable. They have to spend time in starvation during disaster period. Here cultural norms play a cruicial role.

In community clinics most of the doctors are male which makes the women feeling shy to conduct with them.

CONTINUED Information access- during disaster, access to information level is almost equal which is satisfactory.

Social capital- no social group has been formed to fight against natural disasters. All the programmes emphasize men’s access and women’s participation remain silent there.

Natural capital- the priority of the ownership of natural resources keeps women aside from being beneficiar of several programmes as the natural resource availability of women is very low.

CONTINUED

Financial capital- Muslim Aid lends loan without interest which is highly praised by all. But in most of the cases women collect loan showing one purpose but they have to spend it to serve another one. It is the result of the lack of monitoring from debt lending organization.

the organization conducts Cash for Work programme where they offer women’s priority.

"Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It contains within it two key concepts:the concept of needs, in particular the essential needs of the world's poor, to which overriding priority should be given; andthe idea of limitations imposed by the state of technology and social organization on the environment's ability to meet present and future needs.”By Brundtland Commission

SUSTAIABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL JUSTICE

Sustainable development refers to a mode of human development in which resource use aims to meet human needs while ensuring the sustainability of natural systems and the environment.

The concept of sustainable development has three essential parts:

environmental sustainability

economic sustainability

sociopolitical sustainability.

Social Justice is concerned with equal justice in all aspect of society. This concept demands that people have equal rights and opportunities: everyone from the poorest person on the margins of society to the wealthiest deserves on even playing field.

SOCIAL JUSTICE

Disaster Risk Reduction And Climate Change Adaptation ProgramsStrengthening preparedness and response capacity in flood and cyclone prone areas

Campaign and Actions for school resilient from Earthquake project

Education In Emergency project

Programme Highlights in 2012o 25,000 students, 5000 SMC members and 1500 teacher’ capacity built up in the field of Child friendly Disaster Risk Reduction

o 10,000 students, 2000 SMC members and 500 teacher’ capacity built up in the field of earthquake preparedness.

o 40,000 students,6,000 SMC members and 2,000 teachers’ capacity built up in the field of education during emergency

Emergency Response And Humanitarian AssistanceProgramme detailsIntegrated relief assistance to the most vulnerable flood affected households hit by the 2011 Monsoon in Bangladesh.

o Cash for Worko Cash for trainingo food Itemso Emergency ShelterRecovery support to the flood affected and continually Water logged families of south West Bangladesh

Early recovery support for the Waterlogged Victims at tala Upazilla of Satkhira district in Bangladesh

o Cash for Worko Cash for trainingo Unconditional cash grant 4000 HHs

Thank You All