МЕТОДЫ АТРИБУЦИИ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННЫХ ТЕКСТОВ ● THE METHODS OF...

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Transcript of МЕТОДЫ АТРИБУЦИИ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННЫХ ТЕКСТОВ ● THE METHODS OF...

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JJeKcHqecKoro COCTaBa AByx TeKCTOB H orrpeAeJJeHHe Mepbl HX 6JJH30CTH

HJJH YAaJJeHHOCTH Apyr OT Apyra H orrpeAeJJJieTc.11 KaK «CYMMa pa3HOcre:H

qacroT Bcex BOKa6yJJ H3 HaHMeHbUiero TeKcra H H3 BCex B03MO)KHbIX

BbI6opoK paBHbIX HaHMeHbUieMy TeKcry, KOTOpbie MO)KHO H3BJJeqb H3

6onbruero TeKcra» (Labbe, Labbe 2001: 217):

Dva,b(u) = jF;a - E;a(u)I , Ve(A,B)

rAe Fia - qacroTa BOKa6yJJbI i H3 MHO)KeCTBa A, E;a(u) - MaTeMaTHqe­

CKOe O)KHAaHHe BOKa6yJJbI i. )];. Jla66e rrpHMeHHJJ HOBbIH MeTOA orrpeAeJJeHHJI aBTOpcrBa B HC­

CJJeAOBaHHH, IIOCBJimeHHOM cpaBHeHHIO JJeKcHqecKoro cocraBa TeaTpOB

MoJJbepa H n. KopHeJJJI. JleKcH'IeCKHH aHaJJH3 TeKCTOB rrpoHCXOAHJJ c

IIOMOmbIO aBTOMaTHqecKOH rrpoQeAypbl MopcponorHqecKoro aHaJJH3a,

KOTOpa.11 rrpeAyCMaTpHBaJJa rrpeACTaBJJeHHe Ka)KAOfO CJJOBa B BHAe 3a­

IIHCH, cocro11meft: H3 Tpex KOMIIOHeHTOB: CJJOBOcpOpMbl, BOKa6yJJb1 H

COOTBeTCTB}'IOmeft: qacrH peqH. Ilo IIOJJyqeHHbIM AaHHbIM 6bIJJO Bbl -

qffcJJeHO «Me)KTeKCTOBOe pacCTOJIHHe», H pe3yJJbTaTbl 6bIJJH rrpeACTaB­

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n. KopHeJJIO JJyqllIHX IIbec MOJJbepa B CTHXax, COCTaBJJJIIOmHX rrpH­

MepHO rroJJOBHtty TeaTpa Monbepa.

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121

LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA

BHeM BepoJITHOCTHOro nowco.f.la. AHaJIH3 O.f.\HOro JIHUlb JieKCH'!ecKoro

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CTa neKCH'!ecKoro CXO.f.\CTBa .f.I06HTbCJI nerqe Bcero. HecoMHeHHO, 'ITO

aTpH6yu;HJI, OCHOBaHHaJ! Ha HCilOJib30BaHHH TaKoro HecoBeprueHHOro

MaTeMaTH'!eCKOfO H TeopeTH'!eCKOfO annapaTa, He MO)l(eT C'!HTaTbCJ!

,f.\OKa3aHHOH.

K 80-M fO.f.\aM XX B. 6hIJIO ony6nHKOBaHo MHO)l(eCTBO pa6oT, onH­

cbrnaro~HX neKcH'!eCKHH cocTaB JI3bIKa B pa3JIH'!HbIX acneKTax. OnbIT

KBaHTHTaTHBHO-JIHHrBHCTH'!eCKHX HCCJie,[.\OBaHHH 6bIJI o6o6~eH B MO­

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aHaJIH3a, OilHCaHHbie B 3TOH pa6oTe, nOKa3bIBaIOT, HaCKOJibKO OCTpo K

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Me)l(.f.\Y napaMeTpaMH H HCilOJib30BaHHJ! ,f.\JIJ! 3TOH QeJIH TeopHH

pacno3HaBaHHJI o6pa3oB.

B 70-80-e fO.f.\bI XX B. B oTe'IeCTBeHHOH JIHHrBHCTHKe 6hIJI npoBe­

.f.\eH pHA HCCJie.f.\OBaHH:H:, nocBJI~eHHbIX KBaHTHTaTHBHO-CTPYKTYPHOMY

H3yqeHHIO TeKCTOB Ha CHHTaKCH'!eCKOM ypoBHe. l1HTepec HCCJie,[.\OBaTe­

JieH K npoBe,[.\eHHIO CTHJIHCTH'!eCKOro aHaJIH3a HMeHHO B CHHTaKCH'!e­

CKOM acneKTe 6bIJI npe)l(.f.le Bcero o6ycJIOBJieH IlOHHMaHHeM B COBpe­

MeHHOH HaYKe CTHJIJI KaK KaTeropHH CTPYKTYPHO-CHHTaKCH'!ecKOH.

KpoMe Toro, HcnoJih30BaHHe cHHTaKCH'!ecKoro aHaJIH3a no,f.lpa3YMeBaeT

KOMnJieKCHbIH IlO,f.\XO,f.\ K aHaJIH3Y TeKCTa 6naro,f.\apJI BbI,[.\eJieHHIO cne­

QHcpH'!eCKHX npH3HaKOB KaK Ha CHHTaKCH'!eCKOM, TaK H Ha JieKCH'ie­

CKOM, cppa3eonornqecKOM H MopcponorH'!eCKOM ypOBHJIX. Hcxo,f.\JI H3

3THX coo6pa)l(eHHH, B 1981 r. J1.I1.CeB6o ony6nHKOBaJia pa6oTy, no­

CBJI~eHHYIO rpacpH'!ecKOMY npeACTaBJieHHIO CHHTaKCH'!eCKHX CTPYKTYP

B BH.f.\e AepeBbeB 3aBHCHMocTe:H: (CeB6o 1981). B 1983 r. f.5!. MapTbI­

HeHKO npoBeJI H3yqeHHe CHHTaKCH'IeCKHX cTpYKTYP B paMKax THnH'i­

HhIX cppa3 H npe,f.\JIO)l(eHHH, OTHOilleHHJ! 3aBHCHMOCTH H O,f.\HOPO.f.\HOCTH

6hIJIH npe,f.\CTaBJieHbI B 3TOH pa6oTe B BH,[.\e CTpeJIO'!HO-CK060'IHOH 3a­

nHCH (MapTbIHeHKO 1983). MaTeMaTH'!eCKHe MeTO,f.\bI aTpH6yu;HH, oc­

HOBaHHbie Ha aHaJIH3e CHHTaKcH'!eCKHX CTPYKTYP· JIBJIJIIOTCJI HaH6onee

3cpcpeKTHBHbIMH H HHTeHCHBHO pa3BHBaIOTCJ! B HaCTOJI~ee BpeMJ!. 0,f.1-HaKO MeTO,f.\bI CTHJIHCTH'!eCKOH ,[.\HarHOCTHKH, OCHOBaHHbie Ha aHaJIH3e

122

LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA

.n;epeBbeB 3aBHeHMOeTeH H .n;epeBbeB eoeTaBmIIOII\HX, eBH3aHbl e xapaK­

TepHCTHKaMH npe,IVIO)l(eHHH, a He TeKeTa. TaKHMH xapaKTepHeTHKaMH

npe,IVIO)l(eHHH HBJUJIOTeH KaK .D;HarHOCTWieeKHe napaMeTpbI, npe,IVIO­

)l(eHHbie 11. n. Ces6o, TaK H Mepbl eflO)l(HOCTH, aHanH3HpyeMbie B pa6o­

TaX f.M.MapTbIHeHKO. Paspa6oTKa yepe.n;HeHHOro rpacpa .n;nn: CTHnH

aHanH3HpyeMOfO aBTOpa a6eonIOTHO HeB03MO)l(Ha, a 3Ha'IHT, HeB03-

MO)l(H0 H IIpHMeHeHHe aHanH3a rpacpoB MR xapaKTepHeTHKH TeKCTa B

QenoM, HO HMeHHO aHanH3 TeKeTa .D;Ofl)l(eH ne)l(aTb B oeHOBe ::icpcpeK­

THBHOH MeTO.D;HKH cpliKeaQHH asTopeKoro eTHnn:. ToT )Ke He.n;oeTaTOK,

eBH3aHHbIH e orpaHH'IeHHeM MeTO.D;a xapaKTepHeTHKOH npe.n;no)l(eHHH,

OTnH'IaeT H MeTO.D; aTpH6yQHH, paspa6oTaHHbIH B 1994 r. rpynnofr yqe­

HbIX IIO.D; PYKOBO.D;CTBOM JI.B.MHnoBa (MHnoB H .n;p. 1994). 06pa60TKa

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enoB. ilepHO.D; e KOHQa 70-x fO.D;OB xx B . .n;o HaCTOHII\efO speMeHH OTMe­

'!eH 6ypHbIM pa3BHTHeM Bbl'!HenHTenbHOH TeXHHKH H nporpaMMHOfO

o6eene'IeHHH, B eBH3H e 'IeM Bee 6onblue Heene.n;oBaTenefr npon:snn:IOT

HHTepee K IIpHMeHeHHIO KOMIIbIOTepHOH o6pa60TKH .D;aHHbIX IIpH aHa­flH3e TeKeTOB, KaK B eHHTaKeH'!eeKOM, TaK H B rpaMMaTH'!eeKOM, MOp­

cpeMHOM, neKeH'!eeKOM aeIIeKTax. 0.n;Ha H3 nepBbIX MeTO.D;HK ycraHOB­

neHHH aBTOpcrsa, oeHOBaHHaH Ha aHanH3e TeKeTa e aBTOMaTH3HpOBaH­

HbIM nonyqeHHeM qaeTOTHbIX enosapefr H eTaTHCTWieeKHX .D;aHHbIX,

6blna npe.n;no)l(eHa B pa6oTe HOpBe)l(eKOfO cpHnonora r XeTeo B 1978 r.

(XeTeO 1978). 0TMeTHM s.n;eeb O.D;HY H3 eaMblX eepbe3HbIX Ha Haw

B3fnH.n; onrn6oK, .D;OIIYII\eHHbIX IIpH paspa60TKe 3TOfO MeTo.n;a, KOTopan:

3aKnIO'!aeTeH B HeIIOnh30BaHHH napaMeTpa «epe.n;HHH .n;nHHa npe.n;no­

)l(eHHH». B 90-e ro.n;bI XX s. Ha Kacpe.n;pe MaTeMaTH'!eeKofi nHHrBHeTHKH

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M.A.MapyeeHKO 6bin npose.n;eH no.n;po6HbIH aHanH3 3Ha'!eHHfi, npH­

HHMaeMbIX 3THM napaMeTpOM Ha BbI60pKax pa3nH'IHOfO o6'beMa. 0Ka­

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123

LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA

CMbICJieHHbIM, TaK KaK rrpeACTaBJUleT co6oft: CMeCb pacrrpeAeJieHHH»

(MapyceHKO 2003: 116). B craTHCTHKe AaBHO 6bIJIH pa3pa6oTatthI crre­

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MO)l(eT C'IHTaTbCf! pe3yJibTaTHBHbIM.

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124

LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA

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CTHJIR.

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125

LA FILOLÓGICA POR LA CAUSA

MaTHBHbIX rrapaMeTpos, qefi COCTaB orrpeAeJUieTCJI rryreM BbIIIOnHeHHJI

crreQHanbHOH rrpoQeAypbI OT6opa HHcpopMaTHBHbIX rrapaMeTpOB AflJI

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BHHX rno6anH3al.IHH (Ha rrpHMepe 6ypHTCKoro H3b!Ka) ................................ 297 Tjeerd de Graaf Dutch in the Steppe? The Plaudiitsch Language of the Siberian

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