Interim Constitution on Nepal, 2063 Nepali

www.lawcommission.gov.np


1

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#

k|df0fLs/0f / k|sfzg ldlt

@)^#÷!)÷!

;+zf]wg

!= g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_,@)^# @)^#÷!!÷#)

@= g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_, @)^$ @)^$÷@÷#)

#= g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -t];|f] ;+zf]wg_, @)^$ @)^$÷)(÷!#

$= g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -rf}yf]] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% @)^%÷)@÷!^

%= g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -kfrf}] ;+zf]wg_, @)^% @)^%÷)#÷@(

^= g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -5}]7f}} ;+zf]wg_, @)^% @)^%÷)*÷#)

&= g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -;ftf}+ ;+zf]wg_, @)^^ @)^^÷!)÷!&

*= g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg -cf7f}} ;+zf]wg_, @)^& @)^&÷)@÷!$

k|:tfjgfk|:tfjgfk|:tfjgfk|:tfjgf M xfdL ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf ;DkGg g]kfnL hgtfÙ

g]kfnL hgtfn] @))& ;fn klxn]b]lv xfn;Dd k6s k6s ub}{ cfPsf P]ltxfl;s ;+3if{ /

hgcfGbf]ng dfk{mt nf]stGq, zflGt / cu|udgsf kIfdf k|s6 ePsf] hgfb]zsf] ;Ddfg ub}{Ù

b]zdf ljBdfg juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo, n}+lËs ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ /fHosf] cu|ufdL

k'g;{+/rgf ug]{ ;ÍNk ub}{Ù

k|lt:kwf{Tds ax'bnLo nf]stflGqs zf;g Joj:yf, gful/s :jtGqtf, df}lns clwsf/, dfgj

clwsf/, aflnu dtflwsf/, cfjlws lgjf{rg, k"0f{ k|]; :jtGqtf, :jtGq Gofokflnsf tyf sfg"gL

/fHosf] cjwf/0ff nufot nf]stflGqs d"No / dfGotfk|ltsf] k"0f{ k|lta4tf JoQm ub}{{Ù

g]kfnL hgtfsf] cfˆgf] nflu cfkm} ;+ljwfg agfpg kfpg] / eod'Qm jftfj/0fdf ;+ljwfg

;efsf] :jtGq / lgikIf lgjf{rgdf ;xefuL x'g kfpg] cfwf/e"t clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"lt ub}{Ù

nf]stGq, zflGt, ;d[l4, cu|ufdL cfly{s–;fdflhs kl/jt{g tyf b]zsf] ;fj{ef}ldstf,

cv08tf, :jtGqtf / :jfledfgnfO{ s]Gb|df /fVb}Ù

/fhtGqsf] ljlwjt\ cGTo u/L g]kfn Ps ;+3Lo, nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds /fHo ePsf]

3f]if0ff ub}{,

rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk



2

cfh;Ddsf qmflGt / cfGbf]ngaf6 k|fKt pknlAwx¿nfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ ;+ljwfg ;efaf6

gofF ;+ljwfg gag];Ddsf] nflu /fhg}lts ;xdltaf6 tof/ ePsf] of] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg, @)^# hf/L ePsf] 3f]if0ff ub{5f}+ .

efu !efu !efu !efu !

k|f/lDesk|f/lDesk|f/lDesk|f/lDes

!=!=!=!= ;+ljwfg d"n sfg;+ljwfg d"n sfg;+ljwfg d"n sfg;+ljwfg d"n sfg"g"g"g"gMMMM -!_ of] ;+ljwfg g]kfnsf] d"n sfg"g xf] . o; ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemg] sfg"g

aflemPsf] xb;Dd cdfGo x'g]5 .

-@_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] kfngf ug'{ k|To]s JolQmsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

@=@=@=@= ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;QfMMMM g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf g]kfnL hgtfdf lglxt

/xg]5 .

#=#=#=#= /fi6«/fi6«/fi6«/fi6«MMMM ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax'wfld{s, ax';f+:s[lts ljz]iftfo'Qm, ;dfg cfsfª\Iff / g]kfnsf]

/fli6«o :jtGqtf, cv08tf, /fli6«o lxt tyf ;d[l4k|lt cf:yfjfg\ /xL Pstfsf] ;"qdf cfa4

;a} g]kfnL hgtf ;dli6 ¿kdf /fi6« xf] .

$=$=$=$= g]kfn /fHog]kfn /fHog]kfn /fHog]kfn /fHoMMMM -!_ g]kfn Ps :jtGq, cljefHo, ;fj{ef}d;Qf;DkGg, wd{lg/k]If, ;dfj]zL ✔;+3Lo nf]stflGqs, u0ftGqfTds /fHo xf] .

-@_ g]kfnsf] If]q b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M–

-s_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avtsf] If]q, /

-v_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 k|fKt x'g] If]q .

%=%=%=%= /fi6« efiff/fi6« efiff/fi6« efiff/fi6« efiffMMMM -!_ g]kfndf af]lng] ;a} dft[efiffx¿ /fi6« efiff x'g\ .

-@_ b]jgfu/L lnlkdf g]kfnL efiff ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiff x'g]5 .

-#_ pkwf/f -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg :yfgLo lgsfo tyf

sfof{nodf dft[efiff k|of]u ug{ s'g} jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . To;/L k|of]u ul/Psf]

efiffnfO{ /fHon] ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiffdf ¿kfGt/ u/L clen]v /fVg]5 .

^=^=^=^= /fli6/fli6/fli6/fli6«o «o «o «o em08fem08fem08fem08fMMMM l;ld|s /Ësf] e'OF / uf9f gLnf] /Ësf] lsgf/f ePsf] b'O{ lqsf]0f clnslt

hf]l/Psf], dflyNnf] efudf v'k]{ rGb|sf] aLrdf ;f]x|df cf7 sf]0f b]lvg] ;]tf] cfsf/ / tNnf]

efudf afx| sf]0fo'Qm ;"o{sf] ;]tf] cfsf/ clÍt ePsf], k/Dk/fut em08f g]kfnsf] /fli6«o

em08f xf] . ;f] em08f agfpg] tl/sf / tT;DaGwL c? ljj/0f cg';"rL–! df pNn]v eP

adf]lhd x'g]5 .

&=&=&=&= /fli6«o ufg OToflb/fli6«o ufg OToflb/fli6«o ufg OToflb/fli6«o ufg OToflbMMMM -!_ g]kfnsf] /fli6«o ufg / lgzfgf 5fk g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f

u/]adf]lhd x'g]5 . ✔ rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .



3

-@_ g]kfnsf] /fli6«o k"mn nfnLu'/fF;, /fli6«o /Ë l;ld|s, /fli6«o hgfj/ ufO{ /

/fli6«o k+IfL 8fFkm] x'g]5 .

efu @efu @efu @efu @

gful/stfgful/stfgful/stfgful/stf

*=*=*=*= ;+ljwfg k|f/De x';+ljwfg k|f/De x';+ljwfg k|f/De x';+ljwfg k|f/De x' ““ ““bfsf avtsf] gful/stfbfsf avtsf] gful/stfbfsf avtsf] gful/stfbfsf avtsf] gful/stf MMMM -!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt g]kfnsf]

gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] / o; efu adf]lhd gful/stf k|fKt ug{ of]Uo JolQmx¿ g]kfnsf

gful/s x'g]5g\ .

-@_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt g]kfndf :yfoL a;f]jf; ePsf] b]xfosf]

JolQm j+zhsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf] gful/s 7xg]{5M–

-s_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'g'eGbf cl3 j+zhsf] cfwf/df gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf]

JolQm,

-v_ s'g} JolQmsf] hGd x'Fbfsf avt lghsf] afa' jf cfdf g]kfnL gful/s /x]5

eg] To:tf] JolQm .

-#_ g]kfn ;/xbleq k]mnf k/]sf] lkt[Tj dft[Tjsf] 7]ufg gePsf] k|To]s

gfafns lghsf] afa' jf cfdf k]mnf gk/];Dd j+zhsf] cfwf/df g]kfnL gful/s 7xg]{5 .

-$_ g]kfnleq ufleg] u/L s'g} If]q k|fKt ePdf ;f] If]qleq a;f]jf; ePsf]

JolQm k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL g]kfnsf] gful/s x'g]5 .

-%_ ;+jt\ @)$^ ;fn r}q d;fGt;Dd g]kfn ;/xbleq hGd eO{ g]kfndf

:yfoL ¿kn] a;f]jf; ub}{ cfPsf] JolQmn] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd hGdsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf]

gful/stf k|fKt ug]{5 .

t/ o; Joj:yf cGtu{t gful/stf k|fKt ug{ k|rlnt sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP

adf]lhd Ps k6ssf] nflu tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq lgj]bg lbO;s]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .

-^_ g]kfnL gful/s;Fu j}jflxs ;DaGw sfod u/]sL ljb]zL dlxnfn] rfx]df

k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd cËLs[t g]kfnL gful/stf lng ;Sg]5 .

-&_ o; wf/fdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ljb]zL gful/s;Fu

ljjfx u/]sL g]kfnL dlxnf gful/saf6 hlGdPsf] JolQmsf] xsdf lghsf] g]kfndf hGd eO{

g]kfndf g} :yfoL a;f]jf; u/]sf] / afj'sf] gful/stfsf] cfwf/df lghn] ljb]zL d'n'ssf]

gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] /x]g5 eg] lghn] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd g]kfnsf] cËLs[t gful/stf

k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5 .

(=(=(=(= cËLs[t jf ;Ddfgfy{ gful/stfMcËLs[t jf ;Ddfgfy{ gful/stfMcËLs[t jf ;Ddfgfy{ gful/stfMcËLs[t jf ;Ddfgfy{ gful/stfM wf/f * df n]lvP afx]s sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd

g]kfn ;/sf/n] cËLs[t jf ;Ddfgfy{ g]kfnL gful/stf k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .



4

!)=!)=!)=!)= gful/stfsf] k|flKt / ;dflKtMgful/stfsf] k|flKt / ;dflKtMgful/stfsf] k|flKt / ;dflKtMgful/stfsf] k|flKt / ;dflKtM gful/stfsf] k|flKt, ;dflKt nufot cfjZos cGo Joj:yf

k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

!!=!!=!!=!!= gful/stf 6f]nL v6fOg]Mgful/stf 6f]nL v6fOg]Mgful/stf 6f]nL v6fOg]Mgful/stf 6f]nL v6fOg]M g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|rlnt sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd gful/stf

kfpg of]Uotf k'u]sf JolQmnfO{ gful/stf k|bfg ug{ gful/stf ljt/0f 6f]nL v6fpg ;Sg]5 .

efu #efu #efu #efu #

df}lns xsdf}lns xsdf}lns xsdf}lns xs

!@=!@=!@=!@= :jtGqtfsf] xs:jtGqtfsf] xs:jtGqtfsf] xs:jtGqtfsf] xsMMMM -!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg] xs x'g]5 / d[To' b08sf]

;hfo x'g] u/L s'g} sfg"g agfOg] 5}g .

-@_ sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s s'g} klg JolQmsf] j}olQms :jtGqtf ckx/0f x'g]

5}g .

-#_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ b]xfosf] :jtGqtf x'g]5M–

-s_ ljrf/ / cleJolQmsf] :jtGqtf,

-v_ lagf xftxltof/ zflGtk"j{s e]nf x'g] :jtGqtf,

-u_ /fhg}lts bn vf]Ng] :jtGqtf,

-3_ ;+3 / ;+:yf vf]Ng] :jtGqtf,

-ª_ g]kfnsf] s'g} klg efudf cfjthfjt / a;f]jf; ug]{

:jtGqtf,

-r_ s'g} k]zf, /f]huf/, pBf]u / Jofkf/ ug]{ :jtGqtf .

t/,

-!_ v08 -s_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf jf

ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{ jf ;Dk|bfox¿sf aLrsf] ;';DaGwdf

vnn kg]{ jf ufnL j]OHhtL jf cbfntsf] cjx]ngf x'g] jf

ck/fw ug{ b'?T;fxg lbg] jf ;fj{hlgs lzi6frf/ jf

g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n x'g] sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L

sfg"g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .

-@_ v08 -v_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf jf

;fj{hlgs zflGt / Joj:yfdf vnn kg]{ sfo{df dgfl;a

k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L sfg"g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg]

5}g .



5

-#_ v08 -u_ / -3_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf,

cv08tf jf ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{ jf ;Dk|bfox¿sf aLrsf]

;';DaGwdf vnn kg]{ jf lx+;fTds sfo{ ug{ b'?T;flxt ug]{

jf ;fj{hlgs g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n x'g] sfo{df dgfl;a

k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L sfg"g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg]

5}g .

-$_ v08 -ª_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] lxt jf ljleGg

hft, hflt, wd{ jf ;Dk|bfox¿sf aLrsf] ;';DaGwdf vnn

kg]{ sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L sfg"g agfpg /f]s

nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .

-%_ v08 -r_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] ;fj{hlgs

:jf:Yo jf g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n x'g] sfo{df /f]s nufpg] jf

s'g} vf; pBf]u, Jofkf/ jf ;]jf /fHon] dfq ;~rfng ug]{

jf s'g} pBf]u, Jofkf/, k]zf jf /f]huf/ ug{sf] nflu s'g} zt{

jf of]Uotf tf]Sg] u/L sfg"g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg]

5}g .

!#=!#=!#=!#= ;dfgtfsf] xs;dfgtfsf] xs;dfgtfsf] xs;dfgtfsf] xs MMMM -!_ ;a} gful/s sfg"gsf] b[li6df ;dfg x'g]5g\ . s;}nfO{ klg sfg"gsf]

;dfg ;+/If0faf6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .

-@_ ;fdfGo sfg"gsf] k|of]udf s'g} klg gful/sdfly wd{, j0f{, lnË, hft, hflt,

pTklQ, efiff jf j}rfl/s cf:yf jf tL dWo] s'g} s'/fsf] cfwf/df e]befj ul/g] 5}g .

-#_ /fHon] gful/sx¿sf aLr wd{, j0f{, hft, hflt, lnË, pTklQ, efiff jf j}rfl/s

cf:yf jf tL dWo] s'g} s'/fsf] cfwf/df e]befj ug]{ 5}g .

t/ dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL jf ls;fg, dhb'/ jf cfly{s,

;fdflhs jf ;f+:s[lts b[li6n] lk5l8Psf] ju{ jf afns, j[4 tyf ckfË jf zf/Ll/s jf

dfgl;s ¿kn] czQm JolQmsf] ;+/If0f, ;zlQms/0f jf ljsf;sf] nflu sfg"gåf/f ljz]if

Joj:yf ug{ /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .

-$_ ;dfg sfdsf nflu dlxnf / k'?ifsf aLr kfl/>lds tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf

e]befj ul/g] 5}g .

!$=!$=!$=!$= 5'jf5't tyf hflto e]befj lj?4sf] xsM5'jf5't tyf hflto e]befj lj?4sf] xsM5'jf5't tyf hflto e]befj lj?4sf] xsM5'jf5't tyf hflto e]befj lj?4sf] xsM -!_ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ hft, j+z, ;d'bfo jf

k]zfsf cfwf/df s'g} lsl;dsf] 5'jf5't tyf hflto e]befj ul/g] 5}g . o:tf] e]befjk"0f{

Jojxf/ b08gLo x'g]5 / kLl8t JolQmn] sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhdsf] Ifltk"lt{ kfpg]5 .



6

-@_ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ hft hfltsf] cfwf/df ;fj{hlgs k|of]udf /x]sf ;]jf,

;'ljwf jf pkof]usf s'/fx¿ k|of]u ug{af6 jf ;fj{hlgs :yn jf ;fj{hlgs wfld{s :yndf

k|j]z ug{ jf wfld{s sfo{ ug{af6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .

-#_ s'g} j:t', ;]jf jf ;'ljwf pTkfbg jf ljt/0f ubf{ To:tf] ;]jf, ;'ljwf jf

j:t' s'g} vf; hft, hfltsf] JolQmnfO{ vl/b jf k|fKt ug{af6 /f]s nufpg jf To:tf] j:t',

;]jf jf ;'ljwf s'g} vf; hft, hfltsf] JolQmnfO{ dfq laqmL ljt/0f ul/g] 5}g .

-$_ s'g} hft, hflt jf pTklQsf JolQm jf JolQmx¿sf] ;d"xsf] pr gLr

bzf{pg], hft, hfltsf] cfwf/df ;fdflhs lje]bnfO{ Gofof]lrt 7x/fpg] jf hflto ;jf{]Rrtf

jf 3[0ffdf cfwfl/t ljrf/sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{] jf hflto lje]bnfO{ s'g} klg lsl;dn]

k|f]T;fxg ug{ kfOg] 5}g .

-%_ pkwf/f -@_, -#_ / -$_ ljk/Ltsf] sfo{ sfg"g adf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5 .

!%=!%=!%=!%= k|sfzg, k|;f/0f tyf 5fkfvfgf ;DaGwL xsk|sfzg, k|;f/0f tyf 5fkfvfgf ;DaGwL xsk|sfzg, k|;f/0f tyf 5fkfvfgf ;DaGwL xsk|sfzg, k|;f/0f tyf 5fkfvfgf ;DaGwL xsMMMM -!_ ljB'tLo k|sfzg, k|;f/0f tyf 5fkf

nufotsf cGo h'g;'s} dfWodaf6 s'g} ;dfrf/, ;DkfbsLo, n]v, /rgf jf cGo s'g} kf7\o,

>Jo b[io ;fdu|Lsf] k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f ug{ jf 5fKg k"j{ k|ltaGw nufOg] 5}g .

t/ g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf jf cv08tf jf ljleGg hft, hflt jf ;Dk|bfo aLrsf]

;';DaGwdf vnn kg]{, /fHob|f]x, ufnL a]OHhtL jf cbfntsf] cjx]ngf x'g] jf ck/fw ug{

b'?T;fxg ug]{ jf ;fj{hlgs lzi6frf/ jf g}ltstf k|lts"n x'g] sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw

nufpg] u/L sfg"g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .

-@_ s'g} >Jo, >Jo b[io jf ljB'tLo pks/0fsf] dfWodaf6 s'g} ;fdu|Lsf]

k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f u/] jf 5fk] jfkt To:tf] ;fdu|L k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f ug]{ jf 5fKg],

/]l8of], 6]lnlehg, cgnfOg jf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] l8lh6n jf ljB'tLo, 5fkf jf cGo

;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ aGb, hkmt jf btf{ vf/]h ul/g] 5}g .

-#_ s'g} ;dfrf/ n]v, ;DkfbsLo, /rgf jf cGo s'g} kf7\o ;fdu|L d'b|0f jf

k|sfzg u/] jfkt s'g} ;dfrf/kq, klqsf jf 5fkfvfgf aGb, hkmt jf btf{ vf/]h ul/g]

5}g .

-$_ sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s s'g} 5fkf, ljB'tLo k|;f/0f tyf 6]lnkmf]g nufotsf

;~rf/ ;fwgnfO{ cj?4 ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .

!^=!^=!^=!^= jftfj/0f tyf :jf:Yo ;DaGwL xsjftfj/0f tyf :jf:Yo ;DaGwL xsjftfj/0f tyf :jf:Yo ;DaGwL xsjftfj/0f tyf :jf:Yo ;DaGwL xs MMMM -!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ :jR5 jftfj/0fdf afFRg] xs

x'g]5 .

-@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ /fHoaf6 sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd cfwf/e"t

:jf:Yo ;]jf lgMz'Ns ¿kdf kfpg] xs x'g]5 .



7

!&=!&=!&=!&= lzIff tyf ;+:s[lt ;DaGwL xslzIff tyf ;+:s[lt ;DaGwL xslzIff tyf ;+:s[lt ;DaGwL xslzIff tyf ;+:s[lt ;DaGwL xs MMMM -!_ k|To]s ;d'bfonfO{ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd cfˆgf]

dft[ efiffdf cfwf/e"t lzIff kfpg] xs x'g]5 .

-@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ /fHoaf6 sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd dfWolds tx;Dd

lgMz'Ns lzIff kfpg] xs x'g]5 .

-#_ g]kfndf a;f]jf; ug{] k|To]s ;d'bfonfO{ cfˆgf] efiff, lnlk, ;+:s[lt, ;f+:s[lts

;Eotf / ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g ug{] xs x'g]5 .

!*= !*= !*= !*= /f]huf/L tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;DaGwL xsM/f]huf/L tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;DaGwL xsM/f]huf/L tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;DaGwL xsM/f]huf/L tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;DaGwL xsM -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP

adf]lhd /f]huf/Lsf] xs x'g]5 .

-@_ dlxnf, >lds, j[4, ckfË tyf czQm / c;xfo gful/snfO{ sfg"gdf

Joj:yf eP adf]lhd ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs x'g]5 .

-#_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd vfB ;Dk|e'Qfsf] xs

x'g]5 .

!(= !(= !(= !(= ;DklQsf] xsM;DklQsf] xsM;DklQsf] xsM;DklQsf] xsM -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL ;DklQ cfh{g ug]{, ef]u

ug]{, a]rlavg ug]{ / ;DklQsf] cGo sf/f]af/ ug]{ xs x'g]5 .

-@_ ;fj{hlgs lxtsf] nflu afx]s /fHon] s'g} JolQmsf] ;DklQ clwu|x0f jf k|fKt

ug]{ jf To:tf] ;DklQ pk/ c? s'g} k|sf/n] s'g} clwsf/sf] l;h{gf ug]{ 5}g .

t/ cj}w 9Ën] cfh{g u/]sf] ;Dkltsf] xsdf of] pkwf/f nfu" x'g] 5}g .

-#_ j}1flgs e"ld;'wf/ sfo{qmd nfu" ubf{ jf ;fj{hlgs lxtsf] nflu /fHon] s'g}

JolQmsf] ;DklQ clwu|x0f jf k|fKt ubf{ jf To:tf] ;DklQ pk/ s'g} clwsf/sf] l;h{gf ubf{

sfg"g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ lbOg]5 . Ifltk"lt{ / ;f]sf] cfwf/ / sfo{ k|0ffnL sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f

ul/P adf]lhd x'g]5 .

@)=@)=@)=@)= dlxnfsf] xsdlxnfsf] xsdlxnfsf] xsdlxnfsf] xs MMMM -!_ dlxnf ePs} sf/0faf6 s'g} klg lsl;dsf] e]befj ul/g] 5}g .

-@_ k|To]s dlxnfnfO{ k|hgg :jf:Yo tyf k|hgg ;DaGwL xs x'g]5 .

-#_ s'g} klg dlxnf lj?4 zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s jf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] lx+;fhGo

sfo{ ul/g] 5}g / To:tf] sfo{ sfg"gåf/f b08gLo x'g]5 .

-$_ k}t[s ;Dkltdf 5f]/f / 5f]/LnfO{ ;dfg xs x'g]5 .

@!= @!= @!= @!= ;fdflhs Gofosf] xs;fdflhs Gofosf] xs;fdflhs Gofosf] xs;fdflhs Gofosf] xsMMMM cfly{s, ;fdflhs jf z}lIfs b[li6n] kl5 k/]sf dlxnf, blnt,

cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL ;d'bfo, pTkLl8t ju{, u/La ls;fg / dhb'/nfO{ ;dfg'kflts

;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df /fHosf] ;+/rgfdf ;xefuL x'g] xs x'g]5 .

@@= @@= @@= @@= afnaflnsfsf] xsafnaflnsfsf] xsafnaflnsfsf] xsafnaflnsfsf] xsMMMM -!_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ cfˆgf] klxrfg tyf gfdsf] xs x'g]5 .



8

-@_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ kfngkf]if0f, cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo / ;fdflhs ;'/Iff

k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g]5 .

-#_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s jf cGo s'g} klg lsl;dsf]

zf]if0f lj?4sf] xs x'g]5 . o:tf] zf]if0fhGo sfo{ sfg"gåf/f b08gLo x'g]5 / To:tf] Jojxf/

ul/Psf] JolQmnfO{ sfg"gn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhdsf] Ifltk"lt{ lbOg]5 .

-$_ c;xfo, cgfy, ;':t dgl:ylt, åGåkLl8t, lj:yflkt Pj+ hf]lvddf k/]sf

;8s afnaflnsfnfO{ ;'lglZrt eljiosf] nflu /fHoaf6 ljz]if ;'ljwf kfpg] xs x'g]5 .

-%_ s'g} klg gfafnsnfO{ s'g} snsf/vfgf, vfgL jf o:t} cGo s'g} hf]lvdk"0f{

sfddf nufpg jf ;]gf, k|x/L jf åGådf k|of]u ug{ kfO{g] 5}g .

@#=@#=@#=@#= wd{ ;DaGwL xswd{ ;DaGwL xswd{ ;DaGwL xswd{ ;DaGwL xsMMMM -!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ k|rlnt ;fdflhs Pj+ ;f+:s[lts k/Dk/fsf] dof{bf

/fvL k/fk"j{b]lv rlncfPsf] cfˆgf] wd{sf] cjnDag, cEof; / ;+/If0f ug{] xs x'g]5 .

t/ s;}n] s;}sf] wd{ kl/jt{g u/fpg kfpg] 5}g / Ps csf{sf] wd{df vnn kfg{]

u/L s'g} sfd, Jojxf/ ug{ kfOg] 5}g .

@$=@$=@$=@$= Gofo ;DaGwL xsMGofo ;DaGwL xsMGofo ;DaGwL xsMGofo ;DaGwL xsM -!_ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ kqmfp ePsf] sf/0f ;lxtsf] ;"rgf glbO{ y'gfdf

/flvg] 5}g .

-@_ kqmfpdf k/]sf JolQmnfO{ kqmfp k/]sf] ;dodf g} cfk"mn] /f]h]sf] sfg"g

Joj;foL;Fu ;Nnfx lng kfpg] xs x'g]5 . To:tf] JolQmn] cfˆgf] sfg"g Joj;foL;Fu u/]sf]

k/fdz{ / lghn] lbPsf] ;Nnfx uf]Ko /xg]5 / To:tf] JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] sfg"g Joj;foLåf/f

k'k{If ug{] xsaf6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .

:ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0fM o; pkwf/fsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æsfg"g Joj;foLÆ eGgfn] s'g} cbfntdf s'g}

JolQmsf] k|ltlglwTj ug{ sfg"gn] clwsf/ lbPsf] JolQmnfO{ hgfpg]5 .

-#_ kqmfp ul/Psf] JolQmnfO{ kqmfp ePsf] ;doaf6 af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s

rf}aL; 306fleq d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L ;dIf pkl:yt u/fpg' kg{]5 / To:tf] clwsf/Laf6 cfb]z

ePdf afx]s kqmfp ePsf JolQmnfO{ y'gfdf /flvg] 5}g .

t/ pkwf/f -@_ / -#_ df n]lvPsf s'/fx¿ lgjf/s gh/aGb / zq' /fHosf]

gful/ssf] xsdf nfu" x'g] 5}g .

-$_ tTsfn k|rlnt sfg"gn] ;hfo gx'g] s'g} sfd u/] jfkt s'g} JolQm

;hfosf] efuL x'g] 5}g / s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ s;"/ ubf{sf] cj:yfdf k|rlnt sfg"gdf

tf]lsPeGbf a9L ;hfo lbOg] 5}g .

-%_ s'g} cleof]u nufO{Psf] JolQmnfO{ lghn] u/]sf] s;"/ k|dfl0ft

geP;Dd s;"/bf/ dflgg] 5}g .



9

-^_ s'g} klg JolQm lj?4 cbfntdf Ps} s;"/df Ps k6seGbf a9L d'2f

rnfOg] / ;hfo lbOg] 5}g .

-&_ s'g} s;"/sf] cleof]u nfu]sf] JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] lj?4 ;fIfL x'g s/

nufOg] 5}g .

-*_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ lgh lj?4 ul/Psf] sf/afxLsf] hfgsf/L kfpg] xs

x'g]5 .

-(_ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ ;Ifd cbfnt jf Goflos lgsfoaf6 :jR5

;'g'jfOsf] xs x'g]5 .

-!)_ c;dy{ kIfnfO{ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd lgMz'Ns sfg"gL ;]jf

kfpg] xs x'g]5 .

@%=@%=@%=@%= lgjf/s gh/aGb lj?4sf] xslgjf/s gh/aGb lj?4sf] xslgjf/s gh/aGb lj?4sf] xslgjf/s gh/aGb lj?4sf] xsMMMM -!_ g]kfn /fHosf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / cv08tf jf ;fj{hlgs

zflGt / Joj:yfdf tTsfn vnn kg]{ kof{Kt cfwf/ geO{ s;}nfO{ klg lgjf/s gh/aGbdf

/flvg] 5}g .

-@_ lgjf/s gh/aGb /fVg] clwsf/Ln] sfg"g ljk/Lt jf ablgotk"j{s s;}nfO{

gh/aGb /fv]df gh/aGb /x]sf] JolQmn] sfg"gåf/f tf]lsP adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg]5 .

@^=@^=@^=@^= oftgf lj?4sf] xsoftgf lj?4sf] xsoftgf lj?4sf] xsoftgf lj?4sf] xsMMMM -!_ cg';Gwfg, txlssft jf k'k{Ifsf] l;nl;nfdf jf c? s'g} lsl;dn]

y'gfdf /x]sf] s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s oftgf lbOg] jf lgh;Fu lgd{d,

cdfgjLo jf ckdfghgs Jojxf/ ul/g] 5}g .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ sfg"gåf/f b08gLo x'g]5 / To:tf] Jojxf/

ul/Psf] JolQmnfO{ sfg"gn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhdsf] Ifltk"lt{ lbOg]5 .

@&=@&=@&=@&= ;"rgfsf] xs;"rgfsf] xs;"rgfsf] xs;"rgfsf] xsMMMM k|To]s gful/snfO{ cfˆgf] jf ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] s'g} klg ljifosf] ;"rgf

dfUg] jf kfpg] xs x'g]5 .

t/ sfg"gåf/f uf]Ko /fVg' kg]{ ;"rgfsf] hfgsf/L lbg s;}nfO{ s/ nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .

@*=@*=@*=@*= uf]kgLotfsf] xsuf]kgLotfsf] xsuf]kgLotfsf] xsuf]kgLotfsf] xsMMMM s'g} klg JolQmsf] hLp, cfjf;, ;Dklt, lnvt, tYofÍ, kqfrf/, rl/q

;DaGwL s'/fx¿sf] uf]kgLotf sfg"gåf/f tf]lsPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s cgltqmDo x'g]5 .

@(=@(=@(=@(= zf]if0f lj?4sf] xszf]if0f lj?4sf] xszf]if0f lj?4sf] xszf]if0f lj?4sf] xsMMMM -!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ zf]if0f lj?4sf] xs x'g]5 .

-@_ k|yf, k/Dk/f / k|rngsf] gfddf jf s'g} klg lsl;dn] s;}nfO{ zf]if0f ug{

kfOg] 5}g .

-#_ dflg;nfO{ a]r–lavg ug{, bf; jf afFwf agfpg kfOg] 5}g .

-$_ s;}nfO{ klg lghsf] OR5f lj?4 sfddf nufpg kfOg] 5}g .



10

t/ o; pkwf/fdf plNnlvt Joj:yfn] ;fj{hlgs k|of]hgsf] nflu gful/snfO{

clgjfo{ ;]jfdf nufpg ;lsg] sfg"g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .

#)=#)=#)=#)= >d ;DaGwL xs>d ;DaGwL xs>d ;DaGwL xs>d ;DaGwL xsMMMM -!_ k|To]s sfdbf/ / sd{rf/LnfO{ plrt >d cEof;sf] xs x'g]5 .

-@_ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd k|To]s sfdbf/ / sd{rf/LnfO{ cf–cfˆgf lxt

/Iffsf] lgldQ 6«]8 o'lgog vf]Ng], ;Ël7t x'g] / ;fd"lxs ;f}bfafhL ug{] xs x'g]5 .

#!=#!=#!=#!= b]z lgsfnf lj?4sf] xsb]z lgsfnf lj?4sf] xsb]z lgsfnf lj?4sf] xsb]z lgsfnf lj?4sf] xsMMMM s'g} klg gful/snfO{ b]z lgsfnf ul/g] 5}g .

#@=#@=#@=#@= ;+j}wflgs pk;+j}wflgs pk;+j}wflgs pk;+j}wflgs pkrf/sf] xsrf/sf] xsrf/sf] xsrf/sf] xsMMMM o; efuåf/f k|bQ xssf] k|rngsf nflu wf/f !)& df n]lvPsf]

tl/sf cg';f/ sf/afxL rnfpg kfpg] xs ;'/lIft ul/Psf]5 .

efu $efu $efu $efu $

/fHosf] bfloTj, lgb]{zs l;4fGt tyf gLltx¿/fHosf] bfloTj, lgb]{zs l;4fGt tyf gLltx¿/fHosf] bfloTj, lgb]{zs l;4fGt tyf gLltx¿/fHosf] bfloTj, lgb]{zs l;4fGt tyf gLltx¿

##=##=##=##= /fHosf] bfloTj M/fHosf] bfloTj M/fHosf] bfloTj M/fHosf] bfloTj M /fHosf] bfloTj b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5M–

-s_ g]kfnL hgtfdf cGt/lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] Jofjxfl/s k|Tofe"lt ug]{ ljifonfO{

cfTd;ft\ ub}{ ;+jt\ ∗@)^$ ;fn ======♣leq :jtGq / lgikIf ¿kdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf

;b:osf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug{ /fHon] ;Dk"0f{ Wofg s]Gb|Lt ug]{,

-v_ b]zdf cu|ufdL /fhg}lts–cfly{s / ;fdflhs kl/jt{g ;'lglZrt ug]{,

-u_ ljZjJofkL ¿kdf :jLs[t cfwf/e"t dfgj clwsf/, ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{Tds nf]stflGqs

k|0ffnL, hgtfdf lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qf / hgtfsf] ;jf]{Rrtf, ;+j}wflgs ;Gt'ng /

lgoGq0f, sfg"gsf] zf;g, ;fdflhs Gofo / ;dfgtf, :jtGq Gofokflnsf, cfjlws

lgjf{rg, gful/s ;dfhsf] cg'udg, k"0f{ k|]; :jtGqtf, hgtfsf] ;"rgfsf] clwsf/,

/fhg}lts bnx¿sf lqmofsnfkx¿df kf/blz{tf / hjfkmb]lxtf, hg;xeflutf, lgikIf,

;Ifd tyf :jR5 k|zf;gtGqsf cjwf/0ffx¿sf] k"0f{ kl/kfngf ug]{ /fhg}lts k|0ffnL

cjnDag u/L e|i6frf/ / b08xLgtfsf] cGTo ub}{ ;'zf;g sfod ug]{,

-3_ juL{o, hftLo, eflifs, n}lËs, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s / If]qLo e]befjsf] cGTo ub}{ dlxnf,

blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL, pTkLl8t, pk]lIft / cNk;ª\Vos ;d'bfo, lk5l8Psf

If]q nufotsf ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ /fHosf] jt{dfg s]Gb|Ls[t / PsfTds

9fFrfsf] cGTo u/L /fHosf] ;dfj]zL, nf]stflGqs / cu|ufdL k'g;{+/rgf ug]{,

∗ bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ♣ t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf]



11

•-3!_ d'n'ssf] /fHo ;+/rgfsf ;a} cËx?df dw]zL, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dlxnf,

dhb"/, ls;fg, ckfË, lk5l8Psf ju{ / If]q ;a}nfO{ ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zLsf] cfwf/df

;xefuL u/fpg],

-ª_ ;fdGtjfbsf ;a} ¿kx¿sf] cGTo ug]{ cfly{s ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fsf] Go"gtd ;femf

sfo{s|d to u/L nfu" ub}{ hfg],

-r_ ;fdGtL e"–:jfldTjsf] cGTo ub}{ j}1flgs e"ld;'wf/ sfo{s|d nfu" ug]{ gLlt cjnDag

ug]{,

-5_ /fli6«o pBf]uwGbf / ;fwg;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f / k|jw{g ug]{ gLlt cg';/0f ug]{,

-h_ lzIff, :jf:Yo, cfjf;, /f]huf/L / vfB ;Dk|e'tfdf ;a} gful/ssf] clwsf/ :yflkt ug]{

gLlt lng],

-em_ ;'s'Daf;L, sd}of, xlnof, x/jf r/jf nufotsf cfly{s ;fdflhs ¿kn] k5fl8 k/]sf

ju{nfO{ hUuf nufot cfly{s ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf ug]{ gLlt lng],

-`_ ;/sf/L nfesf] kbdf /x]/ e|i6frf/ u/L u}/ sfg"gL ;DklQ cfh{g ug]{x¿ pk/ s8f

sf/afxL u/L bl08t ug]{ gLlt lng],

-6_ b]zsf] cfly{s–;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0f Pj+ Gofosf ;fy} b]znfO{ l56f] ;d'Ggt / cfly{s

¿kn] ;d[4zfnL agfpg Ps ;femf ljsf; cjwf/0ff lgdf{0f ug]{,

-7_ >ldssf k]zfut clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf ub}{ pBf]uwGbf, Jofkf/, lgof{t k|jw{g cflbsf

nflu nufgL j[l4 u/L /f]huf/L Pj+ cfo cfh{gsf cj;/x¿sf] Jofks j[l4 ug]{ gLlt

cg';/0f ug]{,

-8_ /fHo kIf ePsf] cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw ;Demf}tfsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug]{,

-9_ ;a} lje]bsf/L sfg"gsf] cGTo ug]{,

-0f_ d'n'sdf ljBdfg hn;|f]t nufot k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgsf] /fi6« lxtdf k|of]u ug]{,

-t_ ;z:q åGåsf] qmddf dfl/Psfx¿sf] kl/jf/nfO{ tyf o; qmddf 3fOt] eO{ ckfË /

czQm ePsfx¿nfO{ plrt /fxt, ;Ddfg tyf k'g:yf{kgfsf] Joj:yf ug]{,

-y_ ;z:q åGbsf] qmddf j]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf] ;DaGwdf ul7t 5fglag cfof]usf]

k|ltj]bgsf cfwf/df To:tf JolQmx¿sf kLl8t kl/jf/x¿nfO{ /fxt pknAw u/fpg],

-b_ ;z:q åGåsf] qmddf lj:yflktx¿sf] k'g:yf{kgf ug{, gi6 ePsf lghL tyf ;fj{hlgs

;DklQx¿sf] xsdf /fxt k|bfg ug{ tyf Wj:t ;+/rgfx¿sf] k'glg{df0f ug{ ljz]if

sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{,

• klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .



12

❒-b!_ P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngdf g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf lgjf{x u/L ;Djt\ @)^# ;fn sflt{sd

@@ ut] ;xdlt sfod ug]{ k|d'v /fhg}lts bnx? tyf ;+ljwfg ;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{

cGo /fhg}lts bnx? ;d]t;“u ;xdlt, ;dembf/L / ;xsfo{ u/L d'n'ssf k|d'v

/fhgLlts ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg ug]{ ;+:s[lt ljsf; ug]{,

-w_ ;z:q åGåsf] qmddf dfgj clwsf/sf] uDeL/ pNnª\3g ug]{ tyf dfgjtf lj?4sf]

ck/fwdf ;ª\nUg JolQmx¿sf] af/]df ;To cGj]if0f ug{ tyf ;dfhdf d]nldnfksf]

jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ pRr:t/Lo ;To lg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u u7g ug]{ .

#$=#$=#$=#$= /fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGtx¿/fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGtx¿/fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGtx¿/fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGtx¿MMMM -!_ hgtfsf] hLp, wg, ;dfgtf / :jtGqtfsf] ;+/If0f u/L

;fdflhs, cfly{s Pj+ /fhg}lts If]q nufot /fli6«o hLjgsf ;a} If]qdf Gofok"0f{ Joj:yf

sfod u/L v'nf ;dfhdf cfwfl/t nf]ssNof0fsf/L Joj:yfsf] clej[l4 ug{' /fHosf] k|d'v

p2]Zo x'g]5 .

-@_ ;dfhdf zflGt / Joj:yf sfod u/L dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g

ub}{ ;fj{hlgs lxtsf] k|jw{g ug{] / :jfoQ zf;gsf] dfWodåf/f hgtfnfO{ zf;gdf

clwsflws dfqfdf ;lDdlnt x'g] cj;/ h'6fO{ nf]stGqsf nfex¿sf] pkef]u ug{ ;Sg]

Joj:yf sfod ug{' /fHosf] p2]Zo x'g]5 .

-#_ g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;+3if{sf] k|ltkmn:j¿k k|fKt nf]stGqnfO{ ;+:yfut ub}{

;f]sf nfex¿sf] pkef]u ug{ kfpg] cj:yfsf] l;h{gf ub}{ ;d'Ggt / ;d[4 g]kfn lgdf{0f ug]{

/fHosf] /fhg}lts p2]Zo x'g]5 .

-$_ b]zdf pknAw cfly{s ;|f]t / ;fwgnfO{ ;Lldt JolQmx¿df s]Gb|Lt x'g

glbO{ ;fdflhs Gofosf] cfwf/df cfly{s pknlAwsf] Gofof]lrt ljt/0fsf] Joj:yf ldnfO{ s'g}

klg hflt, lnË, ju{, pTklQ jf JolQm pk/ cfly{s zf]if0f x'g gkfpg] Joj:yf u/L cfly{s

c;dfgtf x6fpFb} :jb]zL lghL Pj+ ;fj{hlgs pBdnfO{ k|fyldstf / k|>o lbO{ /fli6«o

cy{tGqnfO{ :jtGq, cfTdlge{/ Pj+ pGgltzLn u/fpg' /fHosf] d"ne"t cfly{s p2]Zo x'g]5 .

-%_ ;a} lsl;dsf] cfly{s Pj+ ;fdflhs c;dfgtf x6fO{ ljleGg hft, hflt,

wd{, efiff, j0f{, ;d'bfo / ;Dk|bfosf aLr ;fdGh:o :yfkgf u/L Gofo / g}ltstfdf

cfwfl/t :j:y ;fdflhs hLjgsf] :yfkgf / ljsf; ug{' /fHosf] ;fdflhs p2]Zo x'g]5 .

-^_ b]zsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf / :jtGqtfnfO{ sfod /fvL cGt/f{li6«o

hutdf /fli6«o ;Ddfgsf] clej[l4 ug]{ lbzfdf /fHosf] cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw lgb]{lzt x'g]5 .

❒ kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .



13

#%=#%=#%=#%= /fHos/fHos/fHos/fHosf gLltx¿f gLltx¿f gLltx¿f gLltx¿ MMMM-!_ b]zsf] ;Gt'lnt ljsf;sf nflu cfly{s nufgLsf] Gofof]lrt ljt/0f

u/L ;a} If]qsf hgtfsf] lzIff, :jf:Yo, oftfoft, cfjf; / /f]huf/L h:tf cfwf/e"t

s'/fx¿sf] ljsf; u/L hg;fwf/0fsf] hLjg:t/ j[l4 ug]{ gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug]{5 .

-@_ ;/sf/L, ;xsfl/tf / lghL If]qsf] dfWodaf6 d'n'sdf cy{tGqsf] ljsf;

ug]{ gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug]{5 .

-#_ ljleGg wd{, ;+:s[lt, hflt, ;d'bfo, ;Dk|bfo, pTklQ / efiff efifLx¿sf

aLr ;dfgtf Pj+ ;xcl:tTjsf cfwf/df :j:y / ;'dw'/ ;fdflhs ;DaGw ljsl;t u/L

;a}sf] efiff, ;flxTo, lnlk, snf / ;+:s[ltsf] ;dfg ljsf;åf/f b]zsf] ;f+:s[lts ljljwtf

sfod /fvL /fli6«o PstfnfO{ ;'b[9 ug]{ gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug{]5 .

-$_ /fli6«o lxt cg's"n pkof]uL Pj+ nfebfos ¿kdf b]zsf] k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf

;Dkbfsf] kl/rfng ubf{ :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg] gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug]{5 .

-%_ /fHon] jftfj/0f :jR5 /fVg cfjZos Joj:yf ug]{5 . hg;fwf/0fdf

jftfj/0fLo :jR5tfsf] r]tgf a9fO{ ef}lts ljsf; ;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx¿åf/f jftfj/0fdf

k|lts"n c;/ kg{ glbg Pj+ jftfj/0f tyf b'n{e jGohGt'sf] ljz]if ;+/If0fdf /fHon]

k|fyldstf lbg]5 . jg / jg:klt tyf h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f, bLuf] pkof]u / To;af6

k|fKt nfedf ;dGoflos afF8kmfF8sf] Joj:yf ug]{5 .

-^_ /fHon] ls;fgnfO{ k|f]T;fxg u/L s[lif If]qdf pTkfbsTj a9fO{ s[lifdf

cfwfl/t clwsf+z hgtfsf] cfly{s pGglt x'g] cj:yfx¿sf] l;h{gf u/L s[lifnfO{ pBf]usf]

¿kdf ljsf; ug]{5 .

-&_ b]zsf] d'Vo ;fdflhs cfly{s zlQmsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] >dzlQmnfO{ /f]huf/

pknAw u/fO{ sfd kfpg] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt u/L pgLx¿sf] xs / lxtsf] ;+/If0f ub}{

pBdsf] Joj:yfkgdf ;xeflutf a9fpg] gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug]{5 .

-*_ dlxnf ju{sf] lzIff, :jf:Yo / /f]huf/Lsf] ljz]if Joj:yf u/L /fli6«o

ljsf;df clwsflws ;xefuL agfpg] gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug]{5 .

-(_ /fHon] Psn dlxnf, cgfy, afnaflnsf, c;xfo, j[4, ckfË, czQm /

nf]kf]Gd'v hfltsf] ;+/If0f / pGgltsf nflu ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] ljz]if Joj:yf ug]{ gLlt

cjnDag ug]{5 .

-!)_ lzIff, :jf:Yo, cfjf;, vfB;Dk|e'tf / /f]huf/Ldf lglZrt ;dosf nflu

cf/If0fsf] Joj:yf u/L cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ¿kn] lk5l8Psf cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL,

blnt nufot ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfo tyf ul/aLsf] /]vfd'gLsf dhb'/ ls;fgsf] pTyfg ug]{

gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug]{5 .



14

-!!_ b]zsf] pGgltsf nflu lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] ljsf;nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg]

gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug{'sf ;fy} :yfgLo k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ug{] gLlt cjnDag ug{]5 .

-!@_ /fli6«o ljsf;sf] nflu :jb]zL nufgLnfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ b]zdf j}b]lzs

k"FhL / k|ljlwnfO{ cfslif{t ug]{ gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug]{5 .

-!#_ ax';+Vos u|fdL0f hgtfsf] lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL u|fdL0f ljsf;sf] ultnfO{

tLj|t/ agfpFb} n}hfg] gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug]{5 .

-!$_ /fHon] dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL, d'l:nd nufot

cNk;+Vos, e"ldxLg, ;'s'Daf;L, sd}of, ckfË, lk5l8Psf If]q tyf ;d'bfo / åGå kLl8tsf

nflu ;sf/fTds lje]bsf cfwf/df ljz]if Joj:yf ug]{ gLlt cjnDag ug]{5 .

-!%_ d'Qm sd}ofsf] ;+Vof olsg u/L pgLx¿sf] a;f]jf;sf] nflu cfwf/e"t e"ld

/ /f]huf/Lsf] Joj:yf ug]{ gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug]{5 .

-!^_ ls;fg, dhb'/ nufot >ddf cfl>t ju{sf] ljsf;sf] nflu k|fljlws

lzIff, tfnLd, k|lzIf0fsf] cfjZos k"jf{wf/sf] Joj:yf u/L pgLx¿nfO{ /fHosf] ljsf;

k|lqmofdf ;xefuL u/fpg] gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug]{5 .

-!&_ j[4, czQm dlxnf tyf a]/f]huf/nfO{ sfg"gdf Joj:yf u/L eQf lbg] gLlt

cjnDag ug]{5 .

-!*_ d'n'sdf ljBdfg k/Dk/fut 1fg, ;Lk / cEof;sf] klxrfg / ;+/If0f ub{}

To;nfO{ cfw'lgsLs/0f ug{] gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug{]5 .

-!(_ d'n'sdf :yfkgf ePsf ;fj{hlgs tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf] ;~rfng /

Joj:yfkgdf lgodg ug{ /fHon] ljz]if gLlt cjnDag ug]{5 .

-@)_ b]zsf] ljsf;df o'jf hgzlQmnfO{ kl/rfng ug{ /fHon] ljz]if gLlt

cjnDag ug]{5 .

-@!_ /fHon] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] a8fkq, c;+nUgtf, k~rzLnsf] l;4fGt,

cGt/f{li6«o sfg"g / ljZjzflGtsf] dfGotfsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf] k//fi6« gLlt lng]5 .

-@@_ l5d]sL ldq /fi6«x¿ / ;+;f/sf c? ;a} d'n'sx¿l;t cfly{s, ;fdflhs

Pj+ cGo If]qdf ;dfgtfsf] cfwf/df ;xof]ufTds ;';DaGw sfod u/L g]kfndf zflGtnfO{

cGt/f{li6«o dfGotfsf] cfwf/df ;+:yfut ub{} hfg] gLlt /fHon] cjnDag ug]{5 .

#^=#^=#^=#^= cbfntdf k|Zgcbfntdf k|Zgcbfntdf k|Zgcbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg g;lsg]M p7fpg g;lsg]M p7fpg g;lsg]M p7fpg g;lsg]M -!_ o; efudf n]lvPsf ljifox¿ sfof{Gjog eP jf

gePsf] ;DaGwdf s'g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg ;lsg] 5}g .

-@_ /fHon] o; efudf plNnlvt l;4fGt tyf gLltsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ cfjZostf cg';f/

;|f]t / ;fwg kl/rfng ug]{ jf u/fpg]5 .



15

efu $s=efu $s=efu $s=efu $s=

/fi6«klt tyf pk/fi6«/fi6«klt tyf pk/fi6«/fi6«klt tyf pk/fi6«/fi6«klt tyf pk/fi6«kltkltkltklt

#^s= #^s= #^s= #^s= /fi6«klt/fi6«klt/fi6«klt/fi6«klt M -!_ g]kfndf Pshgf /fi6«klt /xg]5 .

-@_ /fi6«klt d'n'ssf] /fi6«WoIf x'g]5 / ;f]xL x}l;otdf o; ;+ljwfg / k|rlnt

sfg"g adf]lhd lghn] cfÎgf] gf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{5 .

-#_ ;+ljwfgsf] ;+/If0f / kfngf ug'{ /fi6«kltsf] k|d'v st{Jo x'g]5 . ▲▲▲▲#^v=#^v=#^v=#^v= /fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg/fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg/fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg/fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg M M M M -!_ /fhg}lts ;xdltsf cfwf/df /fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg ;+ljwfg ;efn]

ug]{5 .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ;xdlt sfod x'g g;s]df ;+ljwfg ;efdf tTsfn

sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ax'dt k|fKt ug]{ JolQm /fi6«kltsf] kbdf lgjf{lrt ePsf]

dflgg]5 .

-#_ /fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg ;DaGwL cGo sfo{ljlw ;+ljwfg ;efn] lgwf{/0f u/]

adf]lhd x'g]5 .

-$_ lgjf{rg, dgf]gog jf lgo'lQmåf/f k"lt{ x'g] s'g} klg /fhg}lts kbdf axfn

/x]sf] s'g} JolQm /fi6«kltsf] kbdf lgjf{lrt ePdf lghsf] To:tf] kb :jtM l/Qm x'g]5 .

#û=#û=#û=#û= /fi6«kltsf] kbfjlw/fi6«kltsf] kbfjlw/fi6«kltsf] kbfjlw/fi6«kltsf] kbfjlw M /fi6«kltsf] kbfjlw ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 hf/L x'g] ;+ljwfg k|f/De

geP;Ddsf nflu x'g]5 .

#^3=#^3=#^3=#^3= /fi6«kltsf] of]Uotf/fi6«kltsf] of]Uotf/fi6«kltsf] of]Uotf/fi6«kltsf] of]Uotf M /fi6«klt x'gsf] nflu s'g} klg JolQmn] b]xfosf] of]Uotf k"/f u/]sf] x'g '

kg]{5 M–

-s_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;b:o x'g of]Uo ePsf],

-v_ sDtLdf k}+tL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf] .

#^ª=#^ª=#^ª=#^ª= /fi6«klt kbd'Qm x'g] cj:yf/fi6«klt kbd'Qm x'g] cj:yf/fi6«klt kbd'Qm x'g] cj:yf/fi6«klt kbd'Qm x'g] cj:yf M b]xfosf] cj:yfdf /fi6«klt cfÎgf] kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5 M–

-s_ lghn] pk/fi6«klt ;dIf /flhgfdf lbPdf,

-v_ lghn] ;+ljwfgsf] uDeL/ pNn+3g u/]sf] cf/f]kdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf tTsfn sfod /x]sf]

;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox?sf] sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtaf6 lghsf] lj?4 dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj

kfl/t ePdf, jf

-u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .

rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk ▲ kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .



16

→→→→#^r=#^r=#^r=#^r= /fi6«kltsf] zky/fi6«kltsf] zky/fi6«kltsf] zky/fi6«kltsf] zkyM -!_ /fi6«kltn] cfk\mgf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg' cl3 cg';"rL – !s= adf]lhdsf]

9fFrfdf ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] g]kfnL efiffdf k|wfg GofofwLz ;dIf kb tyf uf]kgLotfsf]

zky lng' kg]{5 .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtf klg /fi6«kltn] g]kfndf af]lng]

cfˆgf] dft[efiffdf zky lng rfx]df ;f]xL pkwf/f adf]lhdsf] zkysf] 9fFrfsf] Joxf]/f cfˆgf]

dft[efiffdf cg'jfb u/L To:sf] Psk|lt zky u|x0fsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] ldlt eGbf rf}jL;

306f cufj} /fi6«kltsf] sfof{no ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

-#_ o; wf/f adf]lhd /fi6«kltn] zky lnPkl5 cfk"mn] lnPsf] zkysf] k|ltdf

x:tfIf/ u/L /fi6«kltsf] sfof{no ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

t/ g]kfndf af]lng] cfˆgf] dft[efiffdf zky lnPsf]df ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] g]kfnL

efiff / cfk"mn] zky lnPsf] cGo g]kfnL dft[efiffsf] zkysf] k|ltdf ;d]t x:tfIf/ u/L

/fi6«kltsf] sfof{no ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

-$_ o; wf/f adf]lhd lnPsf] zkysf] clen]v /fi6«kltsf] sfof{non] /fVg]5 .

#^5=#^5=#^5=#^5= pk/fi6«kltpk/fi6«kltpk/fi6«kltpk/fi6«klt M -!_ g]kfndf Pshgf pk/fi6«klt /xg]5 .

-@_ wf/f #^ª= adf]lhd /fi6«klt kbd'Qm eO{ csf]{ /fi6«klt lgjf{lrt geP;Dd jf

/fi6«kltsf] cg'kl:yltdf /fi6«kltaf6 ul/g] sfo{x? pk/fi6«kltaf6 ;Dkfbg ul/g]5 . ❒-#_ lgjf{rg, dgf]gog jf lgo'lQmåf/f k"lt{ x'g] s'g} klg /fhg}lts kbdf axfn /x]sf] s'g}

JolQm pk/fi6«kltsf] kbdf lgjf{lrt ePdf lghsf] To:tf] kb :jtM l/Qm x'g]5 .

#^h= #^h= #^h= #^h= pk/fi6«klt kbd'Qm x'g] cj:yfpk/fi6«klt kbd'Qm x'g] cj:yfpk/fi6«klt kbd'Qm x'g] cj:yfpk/fi6«klt kbd'Qm x'g] cj:yf M b]xfosf] cj:yfdf pk/fi6«klt cfÎgf] kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5 M–

-s_ lghn] /fi6«klt ;dIf /flhgfdf lbPdf,

-v_ lghn] ;+ljwfgsf] uDeL/ pNn+3g u/]sf] cf/f]kdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf tTsfn sfod /x]sf

;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox?sf] sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtaf6 lghsf] lj?4 dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj

kfl/t ePdf, jf


#êm= #êm= #êm= #êm= pk/fi6«klt ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yfpk/fi6«klt ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yfpk/fi6«klt ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yfpk/fi6«klt ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf M -!_ pk/fi6«kltsf] ▲of]Uotf, lgjf{rg k|lqmof tyf

kbfjlw ;DaGwL Joj:yf /fi6«kltsf] ;/x x'g]5 .

→→→→-@_ pk/fi6«kltn] cfˆgf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg' cl3 cg';"rL –!s= adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf

;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] g]kfnL efiffdf /fi6«klt ;dIf kb tyf uf]kgLotfsf] zky lng' kg]{5 .

→ ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt . ❒ kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . ▲ kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .



17

�-#_ pkwf/f -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pk/fi6«kltn] g]kfndf

af]lng] cfˆgf] dft[efiffdf zky lng rfx]df ;f]xL pkwf/f adf]lhdsf] zkysf] 9fFrfsf]

Joxf]/f cfˆgf] dft[efiffdf cg'jfb u/L To:sf] Psk|lt zky u|x0fsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] ldlt

eGbf rf}jL; 306f cufj} /fi6«kltsf] sfof{no ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . �-$_ o; wf/f adf]lhd pk/fi6«kltn] zky lnPkl5 cfk"mn] lnPsf] zkysf] k|ltdf

x:tfIf/ u/L /fi6«kltsf] sfof{no ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

t/ g]kfndf af]lng] cfˆgf] dft[efiffdf zky lnPsf]df ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] g]kfnL

efiff / cfk"mn] zky lnPsf] cGo g]kfnL dft[efiffsf] zkysf] k|ltdf ;d]t x:tfIf/ u/L

/fi6«kltsf] sfof{no ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . �-%_ o; wf/f adf]lhd lnPsf] zkysf] clen]v /fi6«kltsf] sfof{non] /fVg]5 .

#^`= #^`= #^`= #^`= /fi6/fi6/fi6/fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf] kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf] kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf] kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf] kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf M /fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf] kfl/>lds tyf

cGo ;'ljwf Pgåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 / To:tf] P]g gag];Dd g]kfn ;/sf/n]

lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 . ▲#^6=#^6=#^6=#^6=/fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf] sfof{no/fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf] sfof{no/fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf] sfof{no/fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf] sfof{no M M M M -!_ /fi6«klt / pk/fi6«kltsf] sfo{nfO{ ;xof]u

k'¥ofpgsf] nflu 5'§f5'§} sfof{no /xg]5 .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfof{nosf] sfd sf/afxL ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos sd{rf/L tyf

Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL cGo s'/fx? g]knf ;/sf/n] Joj:yf ug]{5 .

efu %efu %efu %efu %

sfo{kflnsfsfo{kflnsfsfo{kflnsfsfo{kflnsf

#&=#&=#&=#&= sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ MMMM -!_ g]kfnsf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ of] ;+ljwfg / cGo sfg"g adf]lhd

dlGqkl/ifb\df lglxt x'g]5 .

-@_ of] ;+ljwfg / cGo sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL g]kfnsf] zf;g Joj:yfsf]

;fdfGo lgb]{zg, lgoGq0f / ;~rfng ug]{ cleef/f dlGqkl/ifb\ pk/ x'g]5 .

-#_ g]kfnsf] sfo{sfl/0fL sfdx¿ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf x'g]5 .

-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf x'g] lg0f{o jf cfb]z /

tT;DaGwL clwsf/kqsf] k|df0fLs/0f sfg"gåf/f Joj:yf eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

#*=#*=#*=#*= dlGqkl/ifbdlGqkl/ifbdlGqkl/ifbdlGqkl/ifb\\ \\sf] u7gsf] u7gsf] u7gsf] u7gMMMM -!_ /fhg}lts ;xdltsf cfwf/df k|wfgdGqL / lghsf] cWoIftfdf

dlGqkl/ifb\sf] u7g x'g]5 .

→ ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wg4f/f ;+zf]lwt . � ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wg4f/f yk .



18

✄M=============

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ;xdlt sfod x'g g;s]df Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ▲tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ax'dtsf] cfwf/df k|wfgdGqL lgjf{lrt x'g]5 .

-#_ cGtl/d dlGqkl/ifb\sf] ;+/rgf / sfo{ ljefhg cfk;L ;xdltaf6 to

ul/g]5 .

-$_ dlGqkl/ifb\df cfjZostf cg';f/ pk–k|wfgdGqL / cGo dGqLx¿ /xg]

5g\ .

:ki6Ls/0fM:ki6Ls/0fM:ki6Ls/0fM:ki6Ls/0fM o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu ædGqLÆ eGgfn] dGqfnosf] 5'§} sfo{ef/

;DxfNg] /fHo dGqL ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 .

-%_ k|wfgdGqLn] dGqL lgo'lQm ubf{ ;DalGwt bnsf] l;kmfl/;df Joj:yflksf–

;+;bsf] ;b:ox¿ dWo]af6 lgo'lQm ug'{ kg{]5 .

-^_ k|wfgdGqL / cGo dGqLx¿ Joj:yflksf–;+;bk|lt ;fd"lxs ¿kdf pQ/bfoL

x'g]5g\ / dGqLx¿ cf̂ gf dGqfnosf] sfdsf nflu JolQmut ¿kdf k|wfgdGqL / Joj:yflksf–

;+;bk|lt pQ/bfoL x'g]5g\ .

-&_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf k|wfgdGqL cfˆgf] kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5M–

-s_ ✔lghn] /fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,

Ψ-s!_ wf/f %%s= adf]lhd lghsf] lj?4 cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj kfl/t ePdf,

-v_ lgh Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;b:o g/x]df, jf


-*_ pk–k|wfgdGqL, dGqL, /fHo dGqL tyf ;xfos dGqL b]xfosf cj:yfdf

cfˆgf] kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5g\ M–

-s_ lghn] k|wfgdGqL ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,

-v_ pkwf/f -&_ adf]lhd k|wfgdGqL cfˆgf] kbaf6 d'Qm ePdf,

-u_ ;DalGwt bnsf] l;kmfl/;df jf ;DalGwt bn;Fusf] ;Nnfxdf k|wfgdGqLn]

lghnfO{ kbd'Qm u/]df, jf

-3_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .

-(_ pkwf/f -&_ adf]lhd k|wfgdGqL cfˆgf] kbaf6 d'Qm ePklg csf]{ dlGqkl/ifb\ u7g

geP;Dd ;f]xL dlGqkl/ifb\n] sfo{ ;~rfng u/L /xg]5 .

✄ kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . ✔ rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . Ψ bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .



19

-!)_ k|wfgdGqLsf] d[To' ePdf gofF k|wfgdGqLsf] rog geP;Ddsf] nflu pk–

k|wfgdGqL jf jl/i7td dGqLn] k|wfgdGqLsf] ¿kdf sfo{ ;~rfng ug]{5 .

#(=#(=#(=#(= /fHo dGqL / ;xfos dGqL/fHo dGqL / ;xfos dGqL/fHo dGqL / ;xfos dGqL/fHo dGqL / ;xfos dGqL MMMM -!_ k|wfgdGqLn] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;b:ox¿ dWo]af6

;DalGwt /fhg}lts bnsf] l;kmfl/;df /fHo dGqL lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-@_ k|wfgdGqLn] s'g} dGqLnfO{ lghsf] sfo{ef/ ;~rfngdf ;xfotf ug{

Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;b:ox¿ dWo]af6 ;DalGwt /fhg}lts bnsf] l;kmfl/;df ;xfos dGqL

lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .

$)=$)=$)=$)= Joj:yflksfJoj:yflksfJoj:yflksfJoj:yflksf––––;+;bsf] ;b:o;+;bsf] ;b:o;+;bsf] ;b:o;+;bsf] ;b:o gePsf] JolQm dGqL kbdf lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg] gePsf] JolQm dGqL kbdf lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg] gePsf] JolQm dGqL kbdf lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg] gePsf] JolQm dGqL kbdf lgo'Qm x'g ;Sg]MMMM wf/f #* / #( df

h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|wfgdGqLn] Ψ/fhg}lts ;xdltsf] cfwf/df Joj:yflksf–

;+;bsf] ;b:o gePsf] s'g} JolQmnfO{ pk–k|wfgdGqL, dGqL, /fHo dGqL jf ;xfos dGqL

kbdf lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .

$!=$!=$!=$!= kfl/>lds kfl/>lds kfl/>lds kfl/>lds tyf cGo ;'ljwfx¿tyf cGo ;'ljwfx¿tyf cGo ;'ljwfx¿tyf cGo ;'ljwfx¿MMMM k|wfgdGqL, pk–k|wfgdGqL, dGqL, /fHo dGqL / ;xfos

dGqLx¿sf] kfl/>lds / cGo ;'ljwfx¿ P]gåf/f lgwf{/0f x'g]5 . ;f] adf]lhd P]gåf/f lgwf{/0f

geP;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

$@=$@=$@=$@= zkyzkyzkyzkyMMMM k|wfgdGqLn] ✔/fi6«klt ;dIf / pk–k|wfgdGqL, dGqL, /fHo dGqL tyf ;xfos dGqLn]

k|wfgdGqL ;dIf cfˆgf] kb / uf]kgLotfsf] zky u|x0f ug'{ kg]{5 .

$#=$#=$#=$#= g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfo{ ;~rfngg]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfo{ ;~rfngg]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfo{ ;~rfngg]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfo{ ;~rfngMMMM -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;~rfng ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngsf] efjgf,

/fhg}lts ;xdlt / ;xsfo{sf] ;+:s[lt cg'¿k ul/g]5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;~rfngsf]

gLltut cfwf/ cfk;L ;xdltaf6 tof/ ul/Psf] Go"gtd ;femf sfo{qmd x'g]5 .

-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t lgodfjnL adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfo{

ljefhg / sfo{ ;Dkfbg x'g]5 .

-#_ pkwf/f -@_ cGtu{tsf] lgodfjnLsf] kfngf eof] jf ePg eGg] k|Zg s'g}

cbfntdf p7fpg ;lsg] 5}g .

$$=$$=$$=$$= ;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g ePkl5sf] dlGqkl/ifb;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g ePkl5sf] dlGqkl/ifb;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g ePkl5sf] dlGqkl/ifb;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g ePkl5sf] dlGqkl/ifb\\ \\MMMM ;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g ePkl5 sfo{sfl/0fL

clwsf/sf] k|of]u, dlGqkl/ifb\sf] u7g / tT;DaGwL cGo s'/f cfjZos x]/km]/ ;lxt o;}

efudf n]lvPsf] Joj:yf adf]lhd x'g]5 .

efu ^

Joj:yflksf–;+;b ✖✖✖✖$%=$%=$%=$%= ============================================================================

✔ rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ✖ kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .



20

✖✖✖✖$^=$^=$^=$^= ================================================================================ ✖✖✖✖$&=$&=$&=$&= ================================================================================ ✖✖✖✖$*=$*=$*=$*= ============================================================================ ✖✖✖✖$(=$(=$(=$(= ================================================================================ ✖✖✖✖%)=%)=%)=%)= ================================================================================

%!=%!=%!=%!= clwj]zgsf] cfJxfg / cGtclwj]zgsf] cfJxfg / cGtclwj]zgsf] cfJxfg / cGtclwj]zgsf] cfJxfg / cGtMMMM -!_ ▲/fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df ;do ;dodf

Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] clwj]zg cfJxfg ug]{5 .

-@_ ▲/fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] clwj]zgsf]

cGt ug]{5 .

Ψ-#_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] clwj]zg jf a}7s rfn" g/x]sf] jf :ylut /x]sf]

cj:yfdf clwj]zg jf a}7s af]nfpg jf~5gLo 5 egL Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf tTsfn

sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf Ps rf}yfO{ ;b:ox?n] ;dfj]bg u/]df

;dfj]bg u/]sf] ldltn] kGw| lbg leq a}7s a:g] u/L #/fi6klt/fi6klt/fi6klt/fi6kltn]n]n]n] ldlt / ;do tf]sL

To:tf] clwj]zg jf a}7s af]nfpg]5 / To;/L tf]lsPsf] ldlt / ;dodf Joj:yflksf–

;+;bsf] clwj]zg jf a}7s k|f/De x'g] jf a:g]5 .

:ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0f M M M M o; pkwf/fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu æ;dfj]bgÆ eGgfn] lgj]bg k]z ug]{ JolQmsf]

x:tfIf/ ePsf] lnvt ;Demg' k5{ .

%@=%@=%@=%@= ✔✔✔✔/fi6«klt/fi6«klt/fi6«klt/fi6«kltaf6 ;Daf]wgaf6 ;Daf]wgaf6 ;Daf]wgaf6 ;Daf]wg M M M M✔/fi6«kltn] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] clwj]zgdf ;/sf/sf] jflif{s gLlt

sfo{qmd k|:t't u/L ;Daf]wg ug{]5 .

%#=%#=%#=%#= u0fk"/s ;+Vofu0fk"/s ;+Vofu0fk"/s ;+Vofu0fk"/s ;+VofMMMM o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoyf n]lvPsf]df afx]s Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] s'g} klg

a}7sdf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] Ps rf}yfO{ ;b:o pkl:yt geP;Dd s'g} k|Zg jf k|:tfj

lg0f{ofy{ k|:t't ul/g] 5}g .

%$=%$=%$=%$= ;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm /x]sf] cj:yfdf a}7ssf] sfo{ ;~rfng ;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm /x]sf] cj:yfdf a}7ssf] sfo{ ;~rfng ;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm /x]sf] cj:yfdf a}7ssf] sfo{ ;~rfng ;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm /x]sf] cj:yfdf a}7ssf] sfo{ ;~rfng MMMM -!_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] s'g}

;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm 5 eg] klg Joj:yflksf–;+;bn] cfˆgf] sfo{ ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg]5 /

Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] s'g} sf/afxLdf efu lng gkfpg] s'g} JolQmn] efu lnPsf] s'/f kl5

kQf nfUof] eg] klg eO{;s]sf] s'g} sfo{ cdfGo x'g] 5}g .

-@_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;b:o g/x]sf] dGqL, /fHo dGqL jf ;xfos dGqLn]

Joj:yflksf–;+;b jf To;sf] s'g} ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt x'g ;Sg]5 .

▲ kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . Ψ bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . # 5}7f} ;+zf]wg2f/f ;+zf]lwt ✔ rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .



21

t/ lghnfO{ dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/ x'g] 5}g .

%%=%%=%%=%%= dtbfgdtbfgdtbfgdtbfgMMMM o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoyf n]lvPsf]df afx]s Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] s'g} klg a}7sdf

lg0f{osf] nflu k|:t't ul/Psf] h'g;'s} k|Zgsf] lg0f{o pkl:yt eO{ dtbfg ug]{ ;b:ox¿sf]

ax'dtaf6 x'g]5 . cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmnfO{ ;fdfGotM dt lbg] clwsf/ x'g] 5}g .

t/ dt a/fa/ ePdf lghn] cfˆgf] lg0ff{os dt lbg]5 .

ΨΨΨΨ%%s=%%s=%%s=%%s=ljZjf;sf] dtljZjf;sf] dtljZjf;sf] dtljZjf;sf] dt M M M M ----!_ k|wfgdGqLn] s'g} klg avt cfk"mdfly Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ljZjf; 5

eGg] s'/f :ki6 ug{ cfjZos jf pko'Qm 7fg]df ljZjf;sf] dtsf] nflu Joj:yflksf–;+;b

;dIf k|:tfj /fVg ;Sg]5 ....

-@_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf Ps rf}yfO{ ;b:on]

k|wfgdGqL pk/ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ljZjf; 5}g egL lnlvt ?kdf cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj k]z

ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .

t/ Pp6} k|wfgdGqL pk/ 5 dlxgfdf Psk6seGbf a9L cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj k]z

ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .

-#_ pkwf/f -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfjsf] lg0f{o Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf

tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ✄=========== ax'dtaf6 x'g]5 .

%^=%^=%^=%^= ljz]ifflwsf/Mljz]ifflwsf/Mljz]ifflwsf/Mljz]ifflwsf/M -!_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] a}7sdf k"0f{ jfs :jtGqtf /xg]5 / ;f] a}7sdf JoQm

u/]sf] s'g} s'/f jf lbPsf] s'g} dtnfO{ lnP/ s'g} klg ;b:onfO{ kqmfp ug{, y'gfdf /fVg jf

lgh pk/ s'g} cbfntdf s'g} sf/afxL rnfpg ;lsg] 5}g .

-@_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bnfO{ cfˆgf] cfGtl/s sfd sf/afxL lgoldt ug{] k"0f{

clwsf/ /xg]5 / s'g} sf/afxL lgoldt jf clgoldt 5 jf 5}g egL lg0f{o ug{] clwsf/

Joj:yflksf–;+;bnfO{ dfq x'g]5 . o; ;DaGwdf s'g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg ;lsg] 5}g .

-#_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] s'g} klg sfd sf/afxLnfO{ To;sf] c;n lgotaf/]

z+sf p7fO{ s'g} l6sf l6Kk0fL ul/g] 5}g / s'g} ;b:on] af]n]sf] s'g} s'/fsf] ;DaGwdf hfgL–

hfgL unt jf e|fds cy{ nufO{ s'g} k|sf/sf] k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f ul/g] 5}g .

-$_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bn] lbPsf] clwsf/ cGtu{t s'g} lnvt, k|ltj]bg, dtbfg

jf sf/afxL k|sflzt u/]sf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ s'g} JolQm pk/ cbfntdf sf/afxL rnfpg

;lsg] 5}g .

:ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0fM M M M pkwf/f -!_, -@_, -#_ / -$_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu æJoj:yflksf–

;+;bÆ eGgfn] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] / To;sf] s'g} ;ldlt ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 .

✄ kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .



22

-%_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] s'g} klg ;b:onfO{ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] clwj]zg

cjlwe/ kqmfp ul/g] 5}g .

t/ s'g} kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf s'g} ;b:onfO{ sfg"g cg';f/ kqmfp ug{ o;

pkwf/fn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . To;/L s'g} ;b:o kqmfp ul/Pdf kqmfp ug{]

clwsf/Ln] To;sf] ;"rgf Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] cWoIftf ug{] JolQmnfO{ t'?Gt lbg' kg{]5 .

-^_ o; wf/fdf pNn]v ePsf s'g} s'/f pNnª\3g ePdf Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf]

ljz]ifflwsf/ xgg x'g] / Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ljz]ifflwsf/sf] xggnfO{ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf]

cjx]ngf dflgg]5 . s'g} ljz]ifflwsf/sf] xgg ePsf] 5 jf 5}g eGg] lg0f{o ug{] clwsf/

Joj:yflksf–;+;bnfO{ dfq x'g]5 .

-&_ s;}n] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] cjx]ngf u/]df ;f] ;DaGwL a}7ssf] cWoIftf

ug{] JolQmn] a}7ssf] lg0f{oaf6 ;f] JolQmnfO{ ;r]t u/fpg, gl;xt lbg jf tLg dlxgfdf

ga9\g] u/L s}b ug{ jf b; xhf/ ¿k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf ug{ ;Sg]5 . To:tf] hl/jfgf lghn]

r'Qmf gu/]df ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'n pk/ ul/g]5 .

t/ Joj:yflksf–;+;bnfO{ ;Gtf]if x'g] u/L lghn] Ifdf ofrgf u/]df

Joj:yflksf–;+;bn] Ifdf k|bfg ug{ jf tf]ls;s]sf] ;hfonfO{ dfkmL ug{ jf 36fpg ;Sg]5 .

-*_ o; ;+ljwfgdf pNn]v ul/Pb]lv afx]s ljz]ifflwsf/ ;DaGwL cGo s'/fx¿

sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f ul/P adf]lhd x'g]5g\ .

%&=%&=%&=%&= sfo{ ;~rfng ljlwsfo{ ;~rfng ljlwsfo{ ;~rfng ljlwsfo{ ;~rfng ljlwMMMM o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL Joj:yflksf–;+;bn] cfˆgf] sfo{ ;~rfng

/fhg}lts ;xdltsf] cfwf/df ug]{5 / Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] a}7ssf] ;'Joj:yf sfod /fVg /

;ldltx¿sf] u7g, sfd sf/afxL / cGo s'/f lgoldt ug{sf] nflu lgodfjnL agfpg]5 .

To:tf] lgodfjnL gag];Ddsf] nflu Joj:yflksf–;+;bn] cfˆgf] sfo{ljlw cfkm}+ lgoldt

ug{]5 . ▲▲▲▲%&s= %&s= %&s= %&s= ljkIfLo bnljkIfLo bnljkIfLo bnljkIfLo bn M -!_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf ljkIfL bn / To;sf] g]tf /xg]5 .

-@_ ljkIfLo bnsf] g]tfsf] kfl/>lds tyf cGo ;'ljwf sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP

adf]lhd x'g]5 .

%*=%*=%*=%*= ;ldltM;ldltM;ldltM;ldltM Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf o;sf] lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd cfjZos ;+Vofdf

;ldlt / pk–;ldltx¿ /xg] 5g\ .

▲ kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .



23

%(=%(=%(=%(= ;+ljwfg ;efn] Joj:yflksf;+ljwfg ;efn] Joj:yflksf;+ljwfg ;efn] Joj:yflksf;+ljwfg ;efn] Joj:yflksf––––;+;bsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{];+;bsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{];+;bsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{];+;bsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{]MMMM o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd#

Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] sfo{sfn ;dfKt ePkl5 o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf]

clwsf/ ;+ljwfg ;efn] k|of]u ug{]5 .

^)=^)=^)=^)= ax;df aGb]hMax;df aGb]hMax;df aGb]hMax;df aGb]hM -!_ g]kfnsf] s'g} cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] s'g} d'2f ;DaGwdf tyf

GofofwLzn] sQ{Jo kfngsf] l;nl;nfdf u/]sf] Goflos sfo{sf] ;DaGwdf ;bgdf 5nkmn ug{

kfOg] 5}g .

t/ dxfleof]usf] k|:tfjdf 5nkmn ubf{ GofofwLzsf] cfrf/ ;DaGwdf s'g} s'/f

JoQm ug{ o; wf/fn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df ul/Psf] of] Joj:yf ;+ljwfg ;efdf ;d]t nfu" x'g]5 .

^!=^!=^!=^!= Joj:yflksfJoj:yflksfJoj:yflksfJoj:yflksf––––;+;b ;lrjfno;+;b ;lrjfno;+;b ;lrjfno;+;b ;lrjfno MMMM -!_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] sfd sf/afxL ;~rfng tyf

Joj:yfkg ug{sf nflu Ps ;lrjfno /xg]5 . To:tf] ;lrjfnosf] :yfkgf / ;f] ;DaGwL

cGo s'/f sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

-@_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] sfd sf/afxL ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ug{ cfjZos

x'g] sd{rf/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] pknAw u/fpg]5 .

±±±±^!s=^!s=^!s=^!s= Joj:yflksfJoj:yflksfJoj:yflksfJoj:yflksf––––;+;b;+;b;+;b;+;bsf] dxf;lrj / ;lrjsf] dxf;lrj / ;lrjsf] dxf;lrj / ;lrjsf] dxf;lrj / ;lrj M M M M -!_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf Pshgf dxf;lrj /

Pshgf ;lrj /xg]5g\ .

-@_ dxf;lrj / ;lrjsf] lgo'lQm Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;efd'vsf] l;kmfl/;df ✔/fi6«kltn] ug]{5 .

-#_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] dxf;lrj / ;lrjsf] of]Uotf, sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/

tyf ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ sfg'gåf/f lgwf{/0f ePadf]lhd x'g]5 .

^@=^@=^@=^@= kfl/>ldsMkfl/>ldsMkfl/>ldsMkfl/>ldsM Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;efd'v, pk–;efd'v, ;b:o tyf ;ldltsf ;efkltx¿sf]

kfl/>lds / ;'ljwf sfg"gåf/f Joj:yf eP adf]lhd x'g]5 / To;/L lgwf{/0f geP;Dd g]kfn

;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

efu &efu &efu &efu &

;+ljw;+ljw;+ljw;+ljwfg ;effg ;effg ;effg ;ef

^#=^#=^#=^#= ;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7gMMMM -!_ g]kfnL hgtf cfkm}+n] gofF ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f ug{ o; ;+ljwfgsf]

cwLgdf /xL Ps ;+ljwfg ;efsf] u7g x'g]5 .

# 5}6f} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .

± t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . ✔ rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .



24

-@_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De eP kl5 ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;b:osf] lgjf{rg g]kfn

;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] ldltdf x'g]5 .

�-#_ ;+ljwfg ;efdf ;dfg hg;+Vof / ef}uf]lns cg's"ntf tyf ljlzi6tfsf

cfwf/df / dw]zdf hg;+Vof k|ltztsf] cfwf/df sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd ldl>t

lgjf{rg k|0ffnL cg'?k b]xfo adf]lhd lgjf{lrt / dgf]gog x'g] b]xfosf ;+Vofsf ;b:ox?

/xg]5g\ M–

-s_ k|zf;sLo lhNnfnfO{ lgjf{rg lhNnf sfod u/L ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg

x'g'eGbf cl3sf] /fli6«o hgu0fgfaf6 lglZrt ePsf] hg;V+ofsf] cfwf/df

To:tf lhNnf / ;b:o ;+VofaLrsf] cg'kft oyf;Dej ;dfg x'g] u/L wf/f

!%$s= adf]lhd Joj:yf ePsf] lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]uaf6 ♠lgwf{/0f

ePadf]lhd b'O{;o rfnL; lgjf{rg If]q sfod u/L k|To]s lgjf{rg If]qaf6

Pshgfsf b/n] klxnf] x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnLcg';f/ lgjf{lrt

;b:o,

-v_ ;Dk"0f{ d'n'snfO{ Ps lgjf{rg If]q dfgL /fhg}lts bnnfO{ dt lbg] ;dfg'kflts

lgjf{rg k|0ffnL cg';f/ ♠lgjf{lrt x'g] tLg ;o k}QL; ;b:o,

-u_ /fli6«o hLjgdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf ♠ljlzi6 JolQmx¿ / v08 -s_ / -

v_ adf]lhdsf] lgjf{rgaf6 k|ltlglwTj x'g g;s]sf cflbaf;L hghfltdWo]af6

;xdltsf cfwf/df dlGqkl/ifb\af6 dgf]gog x'g] ♠5AaL; hgf ;b:o .

•-#s_ pkwf/f -#_ sf] v08 -s_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;f] v08

adf]lhd lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ubf{ ;+jt\ @)%^ ;fndf tTsfn sfod /x]sf] k|ltlglw;ef

;b:osf] lgjf{rg x'Fbfsf avt k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd sfod /x]sf k|zf;sLo lhNnfx?sf

lgjf{rg If]qsf] ;+VofnfO{ oyfjt\ /fvL lxdfnL / kxf8L If]qdf hg;+Vof j[l4sf] cfwf/df

lgjf{rg If]q j[l4 ul/g]5 / To;/L lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ubf{ dw]zsf] hg;+Vofsf] k|ltztsf]

cfwf/df lgjf{rg If]qsf] ;+Vof sd ePsf dw]zsf k|zf;sLo lhNnfsf] lgjf{rg If]q j[l4

ul/g]5 .

-$_ pkwf/f -#_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd /fhg}lts bnx¿n] pDd]bjf/ rog ubf{

;dfj]zL l;4fGtnfO{ Wofg lbg' kg]{5 / v08 -v_ adf]lhd /fhg}lts bnx¿n]

� klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ♠ t];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . • klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .



25

pDd]bjf/x¿sf] ;"lrs[t ubf{ dlxnf, blnt, pTkLl8t hflt÷cflbjf;L hghflt, lk5l8Psf]

If]q, dw]zL nufot cGo ju{ ;d]tsf] sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj

u/fpg' kg]{5 .

-%_ pkwf/f -$_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg dlxnfsf] xsdf pkwf/f -#_

sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjdf x'g] ;ª\Vofdf ;f] pkwf/fsf] v08 -s_ cg';f/

lbOg] pDd]bjf/Lsf] ;+Vof hf]8]/ s'n ;+Vofdf Go"gtd Ps ltxfO{ pDd]bjf/L lbg' kg]{5 .

-^_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf ;b:ox¿sf] lgjf{rg sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd uf]Ko

dtbfgåf/f x'g]5 .

-&_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;+jt\ @)^# ;fn dª\l;/

d;fGt;Dd c7f/ jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf] k|To]s g]kfnL gful/snfO{ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP

adf]lhd dtbfg ug{] clwsf/ x'g]5 . ❒-&s_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd lgjf{lrt jf dgf]lgt ;b:osf] :yfg s'g} sf/0fn] l/Qm

ePdf To:tf] :yfg h'g k|lqmofåf/f lgjf{lrt jf dgf]gLt ePsf] xf] ;f]xL k|lqmofåf/f k|rlnt

sfg"g adf]lhd k"lt{ ul/g]5 .

Χ-&v_ pkwf/f -&_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkwf/f -#_ sf] v08 -s_

adf]lhd lgjf{lrt ;b:osf] :yfg s'g} sf/0fn] l/Qm eO{ pkwf/f -&s_ adf]lhd lgjf{rgåf/f k"lt{

ug'{kbf{ To;/L lgjf{rg ul/g] ;fneGbf tTsfn cl3Nnf] ;fnsf] r}q d;fGt;Dd c7f/ jif{ pd]/

k"/f ePsf] k|To]s g]kfnL gful/snfO{ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .

-*_ o; wf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'/fx¿sf] cwLgdf /xL ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg / ;f]

;DaGwL cGo s'/f sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

^$=^$=^$=^$= ;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{sfn;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{sfn;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{sfn;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{sfnMMMM ;+ljwfg ;efn] k|:tfj kfl/t u/L cufj} lj36g u/]sf]df afx]s

;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{sfn ;+ljwfg ;efsf] klxnf] a}7s a;]sf] ldltn] �tLg jif{sf] x'g]5 .

t/ d'n'sdf ;+s6sfnLg l:yltsf] 3f]if0ff ePsf] sf/0fn] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{] sfd k"/f

x'g g;s]df ;+ljwfg ;efn] k|:tfj kfl/t u/L ;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{sfn yk 5 dlxgf;Dd

a9fpg ;Sg]5 .

^%=^%=^%=^%= ;b:osf] of]Uot;b:osf] of]Uot;b:osf] of]Uot;b:osf] of]UotffffMMMM ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;b:o x'gsf nflu s'g} klg JolQmn] b]xfosf of]Uotf k"/f

u/]sf] x'g' kg{]5M

-s_ g]kfnL gful/s,

❒ kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . Χ 5}6f+} ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .

� cf7f}+ ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .



26

-v_ sDtLdf kRrL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f u/]sf],

-u_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L s;"/df ;hfo gkfPsf],

Ψ-u!_ s'g} sfg"gn] cof]Uo gePsf],

-3_ s'g} nfesf] kb wf/0f gu/]sf] .

:ki6Ls/0fM v08 -3_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu ænfesf] kbÆ eGgfn] lgjf{rg jf dgf]gogåf/f k"lt{

ul/g] /fhg}lts kb afx]s s'g} ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 kfl/>lds jf cGo s'g} cfly{s ;'ljwf kfpg]

cGo s'g} kbnfO{ hgfpg]5 .

^^=^^=^^=^^= ;b:osf] cof]Uotf ;DaGwL k|Zgsf];b:osf] cof]Uotf ;DaGwL k|Zgsf];b:osf] cof]Uotf ;DaGwL k|Zgsf];b:osf] cof]Uotf ;DaGwL k|Zgsf] lg0f{oM lg0f{oM lg0f{oM lg0f{oM ;+ljwfg ;efsf s'g} ;b:o wf/f ^% adf]lhd

cof]Uo 5 jf x'g uPsf] 5 eGg] k|Zg p7]df To;sf] clGtd lg0f{o ;+ljwfg ;ef cbfntn]

ug]{5 .

^&=^&=^&=^&= ;b:osf] :yfgsf] l/Qmtf;b:osf] :yfgsf] l/Qmtf;b:osf] :yfgsf] l/Qmtf;b:osf] :yfgsf] l/Qmtf MMMM ;+ljwfg ;efsf ;b:osf] :yfg b]xfosf] cj:yfdf l/Qm ePsf]

dflgg]5M

-s_ lghn] lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,

-v_ wf/f ^% adf]lhd lghsf] of]Uotf gePdf jf g/x]df,

-u_ ;efnfO{ ;"rgf glbO{ nuftf/ b;j6f a}7sdf cg'kl:yt /x]df,

-3_ h'g /fhg}lts bnsf] ;b:o eO{ lgjf{lrt ePsf] xf] ;f]xL bnn]

sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd lghn] bn Tofu u/]sf] jf bnsf]

;b:otf sfod g/x]sf] s'/f ;"lrt u/]df,

-ª_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .

:ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0fMMMM v08 -3_ sf] Joj:yf ;+ljwfg ;efsf cWoIf jf pkfWoIfsf] xsdf nfu" x'g ]

5}g .

^*=^*=^*=^*= ;b:osf] zky;b:osf] zky;b:osf] zky;b:osf] zkyMMMM ;+ljwfg ;efsf k|To]s ;b:on] ;+ljwfg ;ef jf o;sf] s'g} ;ldltdf klxnf]

k6s efu lng' cl3 sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd zky lng' kg{]5 .

^(=^(=^(=^(= ;+ljwfg ;efsf] a}7s;+ljwfg ;efsf] a}7s;+ljwfg ;efsf] a}7s;+ljwfg ;efsf] a}7s MMMM -!_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf ;b:ox¿sf] clGtd lgjf{rg kl/0ffd lgjf{rg

cfof]un] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] PSsfO; lbgleq k|wfgdGqLn] cfJxfg u/] adf]lhd ;+ljwfg ;efsf]

klxnf] a}7s a:g]5 / To;kl5sf a}7s ;+ljwfg ;efsf] cWoIftf ug{] JolQmn] tf]s]sf] ldlt /

:yfgdf a:g]5 .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;+ljwfg ;efsf sDtLdf

Ps rf}yfO{ ;b:on] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] a}7s af]nfpg cfjZos 5 egL sf/0f ;lxt ;+ljwfg

Ψ bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .



27

;efsf cWoIf ;dIf lgj]bg u/]df cWoIfn] kGw| lbgleq ;+ljwfg ;efsf] a}7s af]nfpg'

kg{]5 .

&)=&)=&)=&)= ;+ljwfgsf] ljw]os kfl/t ug{] ljlw;+ljwfgsf] ljw]os kfl/t ug{] ljlw;+ljwfgsf] ljw]os kfl/t ug{] ljlw;+ljwfgsf] ljw]os kfl/t ug{] ljlw MMMM -!_ ;+ljwfg ;efn] ;+ljwfgsf] ljw]os kfl/t ubf{

;+ljwfg ;efdf k]z ePsf] To:tf] ljw]ossf] k|:tfjgf tyf k|To]s wf/fdf dtbfg u/L kfl/t

ug{]5 .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd dtbfg ubf{ ;+ljwfg ;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf

;Dk"0f{ ;b:osf] sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO{ ;b:o pkl:yt ePsf] a}7ssf] ;j{;Ddltaf6 kfl/t ug'{

kg{]5 .

-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd ;+ljwfgsf] ljw]ossf] k|:tfjgf jf To;sf] s'g} wf/fsf

;DaGwdf ;j{;Ddt sfod x'g g;s]df ;f] ljifodf ;j{;Ddlt sfod ug{ ;+ljwfg ;efdf

k|ltlglwTj ug{] /fhg}lts bnsf ;+;bLo bnsf g]tfn] cfk;df k/fdz{ ug{]5g\ .

-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd k/fdz{ ug{] sfd ;j{;Ddlt sfod x'g g;s]sf]

ldltn] a9Ldf kGw|lbg;Dd k"/f ul/;Sg' kg{]5 .

-%_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd k/fdz{ ePsf]df To:tf] k/fdz{ ug{] sfd k"/f ePsf]

;ft lbgleq To:tf] ljw]ossf] k|:tfjgf jf s'g} wf/f pk/ k'gM dtbfg x'g]5 .

-^_ pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd dtbfg x'Fbf klg pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;j{;Ddt

sfod x'g g;s]df k|:tfjgf jf h'g wf/fsf ;DaGwdf ;j{;Ddt sfod x'g g;s]sf] xf] ;f]

k|:tfjgf jf wf/fdf k'gM dtbfg x'g]5 / To:tf] dtbfgdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf tTsfn sfod

/x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:osf] sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO{ ;b:o pkl:yt ePsf] a}7ssf] sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO{

ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf To:tf] k|:tfjgf jf wf/f kfl/t ePsf] dflgg]5 .

-&_ o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu ;+ljwfg ;efdf k]z ePsf] ;+ljwfgsf]

ljw]ossf] k|:tfjgf jf To;sf] s'g} wf/fsf] ;DaGwdf dtbfg ubf{ s'g} klg ;b:on] To:tf]

ljw]ossf] k|:tfjgf jf To;sf] s'g} wf/fsf] ljkIfdf dt glbPdf ;j{;Ddlt sfod ePsf]

dflgg]5 .

&!=&!=&!=&!= ;+ljwfg ;efsf cWoIf / pkfWoIf;+ljwfg ;efsf cWoIf / pkfWoIf;+ljwfg ;efsf cWoIf / pkfWoIf;+ljwfg ;efsf cWoIf / pkfWoIfMMMM -!_ ;+ljwfg ;efn] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ;DaGwL cfˆgf] sfo{

k|f/De ug'{ cl3 ▲cfˆgf ;b:ox¿dWo]af6 /fhgLlts ;xdltsf cfwf/df Pshgf cWoIf /

Pshgf pkfWoIfsf] lgjf{rg ug{]5 . ❒-!s_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;xdlt sfod x'g g;s]df ;+ljwfg ;efdf

tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ax'dt k|fKt ug]{ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;b:o ;+ljwfg

;efsf] cWoIf jf pkfWoIf kbdf lgjf{lrt ePsf] dflgg]5 .

▲ kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .



28

-@_ ▲pkwf/f -!_ jf pkwf/f -!s_ adf]lhd lgjf{rg ubf{ cWoIf / pkfWoIf

;+ljwfg ;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug{] cnu–cnu /fhg}lts bnaf6 k|ltlglwTj ug{] ;b:o x'g'

kg{]5 .

-#_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd cWoIf / pkfWoIfsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg geP ;Dd

pd]/sf lx;fan] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;a}eGbf h]i7 ;b:on] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] cWoIftf ug{]5 .

-$_ cWoIf jf pkfWoIfn] o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd cfˆgf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ubf{

s'g} klg /fhg}lts bnsf] kIf jf ljkIfdf g/xL t6:y JolQmsf] x}l;otn] ug{]5 .

&@=&@=&@=&@= cWoIf / pkfWoIfsf] :yfg l/QmtfcWoIf / pkfWoIfsf] :yfg l/QmtfcWoIf / pkfWoIfsf] :yfg l/QmtfcWoIf / pkfWoIfsf] :yfg l/Qmtf MMMM -!_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf cWoIf / pkfWoIfsf] kb l/Qm

x'g]5M–

-s_ lghn] lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,

-v_ ;+ljwfg ;efdf lghsf] ;b:otf g/x]df,

-u_ lghn] kb cg's"nsf] cfr/0f u/]sf] 5}g eGg] k|:tfj ;+ljwfg ;efsf ;Dk"0f{

;b:o ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO{ ;b:osf] ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf, jf


-@_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] cWoIfn] kb cg's"nsf] cfr/0f u/]sf] 5}g eGg] k|:tfj

pk/ 5nkmn x'g] a}7ssf] cWoIftf pkfWoIf jf cGo s'g} ;b:on] ug{]5 / ;f] k|:tfjsf]

5nkmndf cWoIfn] efu lng / dt lbg kfpg]5 .

&#=&#=&#=&#= u0fk"/s ;+Vofu0fk"/s ;+Vofu0fk"/s ;+Vofu0fk"/s ;+VofMMMM o; efudf cGoyf n]lvPsf]df afx]s ;+ljwfg ;efsf] a}7sdf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o

;+Vofsf] sDtLdf Ps rf}yfO{ ;b:o pkl:yt geP;Dd ;+ljwfg ;efsf] u0fk"/s ;+Vof k'u]sf]

dflgg] 5}g / s'g} k|Zg jf k|:tfj lg0f{osf nflu k|:t't x'g] 5}g . ▲▲▲▲&$= &$= &$= &$= ;b:o;b:o;b:o;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{ ;~rfngsf] :yfg l/Qm /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{ ;~rfngsf] :yfg l/Qm /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{ ;~rfngsf] :yfg l/Qm /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{ ;~rfng M M M M -!_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf]

s'g} ;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm /x] klg ;+ljwfg ;efn] cfkmgf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ ;Sg]5 /

cof]Uotfsf] sf/0f ;+ljwfg ;efsf] s'g} sfd sf/afxLdf efu lng gkfpg] s'g} JolQmn] efu

lnPsf] s'/f kl5 kQf nfUof] eg] klg eO;s]sf] sfd sf/afxL cdfGo x'g] 5}g .

-@_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;b:o g/x]sf] eP klg dGqL, /fHodGqL, ;xfosdGqLn]

;+ljwfg ;ef jf To;sf] s'g} ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt x'g ;Sg]5 .

t/ lghnfO{ dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/ x'g] 5}g .

❒ kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ▲ kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .



29

&%=&%=&%=&%= dtbfgdtbfgdtbfgdtbfgMMMM o; efudf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lg0f{osf] nflu k|:t't

h'g;'s} k|Zg jf k|:tfjsf] lg0f{o pkl:yt eO{ dtbfg ug{] ;b:ox¿sf] ax'dtaf6 x'g]5 .

cWoIftf ug{] JolQmnfO{ ;fdfGotof dt lbg] clwsf/ x'g] 5}g .

t/ dt a/fa/ ePdf lghn] cfˆgf] lg0ff{os dt lbg]5 .

&^=&^=&^=&^= cgcgcgcglws[t pkl:yt ePdf jf dtbfg u/]df ;hfo x'g]lws[t pkl:yt ePdf jf dtbfg u/]df ;hfo x'g]lws[t pkl:yt ePdf jf dtbfg u/]df ;hfo x'g]lws[t pkl:yt ePdf jf dtbfg u/]df ;hfo x'g]MMMM wf/f ^* adf]lhd zky glnO{ jf

;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;b:o x'gsf] nflu cfjZos of]Uotf k'u]sf] 5}g eGg] yfxf kfpFbf kfpFb} s'g}

JolQm ;+ljwfg ;ef jf To;sf] s'g} ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt ePdf jf lghn] dtbfg u/]df

lghnfO{ ;f] a}7sdf cWoIftf ug{] JolQmsf] cfb]zn] To;/L pkl:yt ePsf] jf dtbfg u/]sf]

k|To]s k6ssf nflu kfFr xhf/ ¿k}ofF hl/jfgf x'g]5 . o;/L ePsf] hl/jfgf lghn] r'Qmf

gu/]df ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'n pk/ ul/g]5 .

&&=&&=&&=&&= ljz]ifflwsf/ljz]ifflwsf/ljz]ifflwsf/ljz]ifflwsf/ MMMM -!_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] a}7sdf k"0f{ jfs :jtGqtf /xg]5 / ;f] a}7sdf JoQm

u/]sf] s'g} s'/f jf lbPsf] s'g} dtnfO{ lnP/ s'g} klg ;b:onfO{ kqmfp ug{, y'gfdf /fVg jf

lgh pk/ s'g} cbfntdf sf/afxL rnfOg] 5}g .

-@_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] k|To]s a}7snfO{ cfˆgf] cfGtl/s sfd sf/afxL lgoldt

ug{] k"0f{ clwsf/ /xg]5 / s'g} sfd sf/afxL lgoldt jf clgoldt 5 jf 5}g egL lg0f{o ug{]

clwsf/ ;DalGwt a}7snfO{ dfq x'g]5 . o; ;DaGwdf s'g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fOg] 5}g .

-#_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] s'g} klg sfd sf/afxLnfO{ To;sf] c;n lgotaf/] z+sf

p7fO{ s'g} 6Lsf l6Kk0fL ul/g] 5}g / s'g} ;b:on] af]n]sf] s'g} s'/fsf] ;DaGwdf hfgL–hfgL

unt jf e|fds cy{ nufO{ s'g} k|sf/sf] k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f ul/g] 5}g .

-$_ ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 lbPsf] clwsf/ cGtu{t s'g} lnvt, k|ltj]bg, dtbfg jf

sf/afxL k|sflzt u/]sf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ s'g} JolQm pk/ cbfntdf sf/afxL rnfOg] 5}g .

:ki6Ls/0fM:ki6Ls/0fM:ki6Ls/0fM:ki6Ls/0fM pkwf/f -!_, -@_, -#_ / -$_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu æ;+ljwfg

;efsf] a}7sÆ eGgfn] ;+ljwfg ;ef / To;sf] s'g} ;ldltsf] a}7s ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 .

-%_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] s'g} klg ;b:onfO{ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfo{sfne/ kqmfp

ul/g] 5}g .

t/ s'g} kmf}Hbf/L cleof]udf s'g} ;b:onfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd kqmfp ug{ o;

pkwf/fn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . To;/L s'g} ;b:o kqmfp ul/Pdf kqmfp ug{]

clwsf/Ln] To;sf] ;"rgf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] cWoIftf ug{] JolQmnfO{ t'?Gt lbg' kg{]5 .

-^_ o; wf/fdf pNn]v ePsf s'g} s'/f pNnª\3g ePdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf]

ljz]ifflwsf/ xgg x'g] / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ljz]ifflwsf/sf] xggnfO{ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] cjx]ngf



30

dflgg]5 . s'g} ljz]ifflwsf/sf] xgg ePsf] 5 jf 5}g eGg] lg0f{o ug{] clwsf/ ;f] ;efnfO{

dfq x'g]5 .

-&_ s;}n] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] cjx]ngf u/]df ;f] ;DaGwL a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug{]

JolQmn] a}7ssf] lg0f{oaf6 ;f] JolQmnfO{ ;r]t u/fpg, gl;xt lbg jf tLg dlxgfdf ga9\g]

u/L s}b ug{ jf bz xhf/ ¿k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf ug{ ;Sg]5 . To:tf] hl/jfgf lghn] r'Qmf

gu/]df ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;'n pk/ ul/g]5 .

t/ ;+ljwfg ;efnfO{ ;Gtf]if x'g] u/L lghn] Ifdf ofrgf u/]df ;+ljwfg ;efn]

Ifdf k|bfg ug{ jf tf]ls;s]sf] ;hfonfO{ dfkmL ug{, 36fpg jf sfof{Gjog gu/fpg ;Sg]5 .

-*_ o; ;+ljwfgdf pNn]v ul/Pb]lv afx]s ljz]ifflwsf/ ;DaGwL cGo s'/fx¿

sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f ul/P adf]lhd x'g]5g\ .

&*=&*=&*=&*= sfo{ ;~rfng ljlwsfo{ ;~rfng ljlwsfo{ ;~rfng ljlwsfo{ ;~rfng ljlwMMMM o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL ;+ljwfg ;efn] cfˆgf] sfo{ ;~rfng ug{

a}7ssf] ;'Joj:yf sfod /fVg / ;ldltx¿sf] u7g, sfd sf/afxL / cGo s'/f lgoldt

ug{sf] nflu lgodfjnL agfpg]5 . To:tf] lgodfjnL gag];Ddsf] nflu ;+ljwfg ;efn] cfˆgf]

sfo{ljlw cfkm}+ lgoldt ug{]5 .

&(=&(=&(=&(= ;ld;ld;ld;ldltltltltMMMM ;+ljwfg ;efdf sfg"gåf/f Joj:yf eP adf]lhd cfjZos ;+Vofdf ;ldlt /

pk;ldltx¿ /xg] 5g\ . cfjZostf cg';f/ ljz]if1x¿sf] ;xof]u lng ;lsg]5 .

*)=*)=*)=*)= ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;lrjfno;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;lrjfno;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;lrjfno;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;lrjfno MMMM -!_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfdnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{sf nflu Ps

;lrjfno /xg]5 . To:tf] ;lrjfnosf] :yfkgf / ;f] ;DaGwL cGo s'/f sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f

eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

-@_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] sfd sf/afxL ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos x'g] sd{rf/L g]kfn

;/sf/n] pknAw u/fpg]5 .

*!=*!=*!=*!= kfl/>ldskfl/>ldskfl/>ldskfl/>ldsMMMM ;+ljwfg ;efsf cWoIf, pkfWoIf, ;b:o tyf ;ldltsf ;efkltx¿sf] kfl/>lds /

;'ljwf sfg"gåf/f Joj:yf eP adf]lhd x'g]5 / To;/L Joj:yf geP;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/n]

lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

*@=*@=*@=*@= ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lj36g;+ljwfg ;efsf] lj36g;+ljwfg ;efsf] lj36g;+ljwfg ;efsf] lj36gMMMM ;+ljwfg ;efn] kfl/t u/]sf] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePsf] lbgb]lv ;+ljwfg

;efsf] sfd ;dfKt x'g]5 .

t/ ;+ljwfg ;efn] kfl/t u/]sf] ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] lgjf{rg

geP;Ddsf nflu Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] sfd sf/afxL ;f] ;efn] kfl/t u/]sf] ;+ljwfgdf

pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

*#=*#=*#=*#= Joj:yflksfJoj:yflksfJoj:yflksfJoj:yflksf––––;+;bsf] x}l;otdf sfd ug{];+;bsf] x}l;otdf sfd ug{];+;bsf] x}l;otdf sfd ug{];+;bsf] x}l;otdf sfd ug{]MMMM -!_ o; efudf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf]

eP tfklg ;+ljwfg ;ef sfod /x]sf] cjlwe/ ;f] ;efn] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] sfd ;d]t



31

ug{]5 / lgoldt ljwfog ;DaGwL cfjZos sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ ;+ljwfg ;efn] 5'§} ;ldlt

u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-@_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf cWoIf tyf pkfWoIf Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf qmdzM ;efd'v

/ pk–;efd'v x'g]5g\ .

-#_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;lrjfno / To;sf sd{rf/Lx¿ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf]

;lrjfno / sd{rf/L x'g]5g\ .

-$_ ;+ljwfg ;efn] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] x}l;otdf sfo{ ;Dkfbg ubf{ efu *

sf Joj:yfx¿ cfjZos x]/km]/ ;lxt ;+ljwfg ;efnfO{ nfu" x'g]5g\ .

efu *efu *efu *efu *

Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlwJoj:yfkg sfo{ljlwJoj:yfkg sfo{ljlwJoj:yfkg sfo{ljlw

*$=*$=*$=*$= ljw]os k|:t't ug{ ;Sg]ljw]os k|:t't ug{ ;Sg]ljw]os k|:t't ug{ ;Sg]ljw]os k|:t't ug{ ;Sg]MMMM -!_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] s'g} klg ;b:on] ;bgdf ljw]os k|:t't

ug{ ;Sg]5 .

:ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0fMMMM o; efusf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æ;bgÆ eGgfn] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;bg /

æ;b:oÆ eGgfn] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;b:onfO{ hgfpg]5 .

-@_ cy{ ljw]os tyf g]kfnL ;]gf, ;z:q k|x/L, g]kfn k|x/L nufot ;'/Iff

lgsfo;Fu ;DalGwt ljw]os ;/sf/L ljw]ossf] ¿kdf dfq k|:t't ul/g]5 .

-#_ æcy{ ljw]osÆ eGgfn] b]xfodf plNnlvt ;a} jf s'g} ljifol;t ;DaGw

/fVg] ljw]osnfO{ hgfpg]5M–

-s_ s/ nufpg], p7fpg], vf/]h ug]{, 5"6 lbg], kl/jt{g ug]{ jf s/

k|0ffnLnfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ ljifo,

-v_ ;l~rt sf]if jf cGo s'g} ;/sf/L sf]ifsf] ;+/If0f ug]{, To:tf] sf]ifdf

/sd hDdf ug]{ jf To:tf] sf]ifaf6 s'g} /sd ljlgof]hg jf vr{ ug]{

jf ljlgof]hg jf vr{ ug{ vf]lhPsf] /sd 36fpg], a9fpg] jf vf/]h

ug]{ ljifo,

-u_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] C0f k|fKt ug]{ jf hdfgt lbg] ljifo Jojl:yt ug]{ jf

g]kfn ;/sf/n] lnPsf] jf lng] cfly{s bfloTj ;DaGwL sfg"g ;+zf]wg

ug]{ ljifo,

-3_ ;/sf/L sf]ifdf k|fKt x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf] /fh:j, C0f c;'nLaf6 k|fKt

/sd / cg'bfgsf] /sd lhDdf /fVg], nufgL ug]{ jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf]

n]vfsf] n]vf k/LIf0f ug]{ ljifo, jf



32

-ª_ v08 -s_ b]lv v08 -3_ ;Ddsf ljifox¿;Fu k|ToIf ;DaGw ePsf

k|f;ª\lus ljifox¿,

t/ s'g} cg'dltkq b:t'/, lgj]bg b:t'/, gljs/0f b:t'/ h:tf z'Ns, b:t'/ nufpg] jf

s'g} hl/jfgf jf s}b x'g] Joj:yf jf :yfgLo lgsfon] nufpg] s'g} s/, b:t'/ jf z'Ns ePsf]

sf/0fn] dfq s'g} ljw]os cy{ ljw]os dflgg] 5}g .

-$_ s'g} ljw]os cy{ ljw]os xf] jf xf]Og eGg] k|Zg p7]df Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf]

;efd'vsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .

*%=*%=*%=*%= ljw]os kfl/t ug]{ ljlwljw]os kfl/t ug]{ ljlwljw]os kfl/t ug]{ ljlwljw]os kfl/t ug]{ ljlwMMMM -!_ ;bgdf ljw]os k|:t't ug{ rfxg] ;b:on] ljw]os k|:t't

ug'{ eGbf sDtLdf ;ft lbg cufj} ;f]sf] ;"rgf dxf;lrj jf ;lrjnfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .

t/ ;/sf/L ljw]ossf] xsdf kfFr lbg cufl8 ;"rgf lbg' kof{Kt x'g]5 .

-@_ ljw]os k]z x'g] lbgeGbf b'O{ lbg cufj} k|To]s ;b:onfO{ ljw]ossf] k|lt

pknAw u/fOg]5 .

-#_ ljw]os k|:t'tstf{ ;b:on] ;bg ;dIf ljw]osdfly ljrf/ ul/of];\ eGg]

s'g} k|:tfj k|:t't ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj :jLs[t ePdf To:tf] ljw]os dflysf]

bkmfaf/ 5nkmn ;bgdf jf ;DalGwt ;ldltdf x'g]5 .

-%_ ;bgdf bkmfaf/ 5nkmn ePsf]df ;f] ;dfKt ePkl5 / ;ldltdf bkmfaf/

5nkmn ePsf]df ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg dflysf] 5nkmn ;dfKt ePkl5 ljw]os k|:t'tstf{

;b:on] ljw]os kfl/t ul/of];\ eGg] k|:tfj k|:t't ug]{5 .

-^_ pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd k|:t't ePsf] k|:tfj ;bgsf] s'n ;b:o ;+Vofsf]

;fdfGo ax'dtaf6 :jLs[t ePdf ljw]os kfl/t ePsf] dflgg]5 .

*^=*^=*^=*^= ljw]os lkmtf{ lng]ljw]os lkmtf{ lng]ljw]os lkmtf{ lng]ljw]os lkmtf{ lng]MMMM ljw]os k|:t'tstf{ ;b:on] ;bgsf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ljw]os lkmtf{ lng

;Sg]]5 .

*&=*&=*&=*&= ljw]ossf] k|df0fLs/0fljw]ossf] k|df0fLs/0fljw]ossf] k|df0fLs/0fljw]ossf] k|df0fLs/0fMMMM ;bgaf6 kfl/t ljw]os ✔/fi6«kltåf/f k|df0fLs/0f ePkl5 P]g

aGg]5 .

t/ /fi6«kltsf] lgjf{rg eO{ sfo{ef/ g;Dxfn];Dd ;efd'våf/f g} k|df0fLs/0f x'g]5 .

**=**=**=**= cWofb]zcWofb]zcWofb]zcWofb]zMMMM -!_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] clwj]zg jf a}7s rln/x]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s cGo

cj:yfdf tTsfn s]xL ug{ cfjZos k/]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fdf ✔/fi6«klt ;Gt'i6 ePdf o;

✔ rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk



33

;+ljwfgdf n]lvPsf s'/fx¿sf] k|lts"n gx'g] u/L ✔dlGqkl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df cfjZos

cWofb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd hf/L ePsf] cWofb]z P]g ;/x dfGo x'g]5 .

t/ To:tf] k|To]s cWofb]z,–

-s_ hf/L ePkl5 a;]sf] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] a}7sdf k]z ul/g]5 /

To:tf] a}7sn] :jLsf/ gu/]df :jtM lgliqmo x'g]5,

-v_ ✔/fi6«kltaf6 af6 h'g;'s} avt vf/]h x'g ;Sg]5, /

-u_ v08 -s_ jf -v_ adf]lhd lgliqmo jf vf/]h gePdf Joj:yflksf–

;+;bsf] a}7s a;]sf] ;f7L lbgkl5 :jtM lgliqmo x'g]5 .

efu (efu (efu (efu (

cfly{s sfo{ k|0ffnLcfly{s sfo{ k|0ffnLcfly{s sfo{ k|0ffnLcfly{s sfo{ k|0ffnL

*(=*(=*(=*(= sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s s/ nufpg jf C0f lng gkfOg]sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s s/ nufpg jf C0f lng gkfOg]sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s s/ nufpg jf C0f lng gkfOg]sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s s/ nufpg jf C0f lng gkfOg] MMMM -!_ sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s s'g}

s/ nufOg] / p7fOg] 5}g .

-@_ sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f s'g} C0f lnOg] / hdfgt lbOg] 5}g .

()=()=()=()= ;l~rt sf]if;l~rt sf]if;l~rt sf]if;l~rt sf]ifMMMM u'7L /sd afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf /fh:j, /fh:jsf]

lwtf]df lnOPsf ;a} shf{x¿ / P]gsf] clwsf/ cGtu{t lbOPsf] h'g;'s} C0f c;'n x'Fbf k|fKt

ePsf] ;a} wg tyf g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt x'g] cGo h'g;'s} /sd Ps ;/sf/L sf]ifdf

cfDbfgL afFlwg]5 h;nfO{ ;l~rt sf]if elgg]5 .

t/ lghL u'7L afx]ssf] cGo u'7Lsf] /sdsf] xsdf sfg"g agfO{ lgoldt ul/g]5 .

(!=(!=(!=(!= ;l~rt sf]if jf ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 Joo;l~rt sf]if jf ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 Joo;l~rt sf]if jf ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 Joo;l~rt sf]if jf ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 JooMMMM b]xfosf /sd afx]s ;l~rt sf]if jf cGo s'g}

;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 s'g} /sd lemSg ;lsg] 5}gM–

-s_ ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ ePsf] /sd,

-v_ ljlgof]hg ug]{ P]gåf/f vr{ x'g] /sd,

-u_ ljlgof]hg ljw]os ljrf/fwLg /x]sf cj:yfdf k]:sLsf] ¿kdf P]gåf/f vr{

x'g] /sd, jf

-3_ ljz]if cj:yfdf Joosf] ljj/0f dfq ePsf] pwf/f] vr{ P]gåf/f Joo x'g]

/sd .

t/ cfsl:ds sf]ifsf xsdf wf/f (* adf]lhd x'g]5 .

(@=(@=(@=(@= ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/MMMM b]xfosf ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt vr{x¿ ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/

x'g]5g\M–



34

✔-s_ /fi6«klt tyf pk/fi6«kltsf] kfl/>lds / ;'ljwfsf] /sd,

-s!_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf k|wfg GofofwLz tyf cGo GofofwLzx?nfO{

lbOg] kfl/>lds, ;'ljwf / lgj[lQe/0fsf] /sd,

-v_ lgDg lnlvt kbflwsf/LnfO{ lbOg] kfl/>lds / ;'ljwfsf /sdx¿M–

-!_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf ;efd'v / pk–;efd'v,

-@_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf cWoIf / pkfWoIf,

-#_ clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf k|d'v cfo'Qm /

cfo'Qmx¿,

-$_ dxfn]vfk/LIfs,

-%_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿,

-^_ k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / lgjf{rg cfo'Qmx¿, /

-&_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:ox¿ .

-u_ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u,

dxfn]vfk/LIfs, nf]s ;]jf cfof]u, lgjf{rg cfof]u / /fli6«o dfgj

clwsf/ cfof]u ;DaGwL k|zf;lgs Joox¿,

-3_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] bfloTjsf] C0f ;DaGwL Jooef/,

-ª_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lj?4 cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nf jf cf1lKt cg';f/

ltg'{ kg]{ /sd, /

-r_ sfg"gn] ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ x'g] egL lgwf{/0f u/]sf] /sd .

(#=(#=(#=(#= /fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg/fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg/fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg/fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg MMMM -!_ cy{ dGqLn] k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf] ;DaGwdf Joj:yflksf–

;+;b ;dIf b]xfosf s'/fx¿ ;d]t v'nfO{ jflif{s cg'dfg k]z ug{' kg]{5 M–

-s_ /fh:jsf] cg'dfg,

-v_ ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ x'g] cfjZos /sdx¿, /

-u_ ljlgof]hg P]gåf/f Joo x'g] cfjZos /sdx¿ .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd jflif{s cg'dfg k]z ubf{ cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{df k|To]s

dGqfnonfO{ 5'6\ofOPsf] vr{sf] /sd / ;f] vr{ cg';f/sf] nIo xfl;n eof] jf ePg To;sf]

ljj/0f klg k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

($=($=($=($= ljlgof]hg P]gljlgof]hg P]gljlgof]hg P]gljlgof]hg P]gMMMM ljlgof]hg P]g cg';f/ Joo x'g] cfjZos /sd zLif{sx¿df lglb{i6 u/L

ljlgof]hg ljw]osdf /flvg]5g\ .

✔ rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk



35

(%=(%=(%=(%= kkkk"" ""/s cg'dfg/s cg'dfg/s cg'dfg/s cg'dfgMMMM -!_ s'g} cfly{s jif{df b]xfosf] cj:yf kg{ cfPdf cy{ dGqLaf6 Joj:yflksf–

;+;b ;dIf k"/s cg'dfg k]z ul/g]5 M–

-s_ rfn" cfly{s jif{sf lgldQ ljlgof]hg P]gåf/f s'g} ;]jfsf] nflu vr{ ug{

clVtof/L lbOPsf] /sd ckof{Kt ePdf jf To; jif{sf lgldQ ljlgof]hg

P]gn] clVtof/ glbPsf] gofF ;]jfdf vr{ ug{ cfjZos ePdf, jf

-v_ To; cfly{s jif{df s'g} ljlgof]hg P]gåf/f clVtof/L lbPsf] /sdeGbf a9L

vr{ x'g uPdf .

-@_ k"/s cg'dfgdf /flvPsf] /sd zLif{sx¿df lglb{i6 u/L k"/s ljlgof]hg

ljw]osdf /flvg]5g\ .

(^=(^=(^=(^= k]:sL vr{k]:sL vr{k]:sL vr{k]:sL vr{MMMM -!_ o; efudf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ljlgof]hg ljw]os ljrf/fwLg

/x]sf] cj:yfdf cfly{s jif{sf nflu cg'dfg ul/Psf] Joosf] s'g} c+z cufj} k]:sLsf ¿kdf

P]gåf/f vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .

-@_ wf/f (# df ul/Psf] Joj:yf cg';f/ /fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg k]z

gul/P;Dd k]:sL vr{ ljw]os k|:t't ul/g] 5}g / k]:sLsf] /sd cfly{s jif{sf] Joo

cg'dfgsf] t[tLof+zeGbf a9L x'g]5}g .

-#_ k]:sL vr{ P]g cg';f/ vr{ ePsf] /sd ljlgof]hg ljw]osdf ;dfj]z

ul/g]5 . ❒❒❒❒(^s=(^s=(^s=(^s= /fh:j / Joo ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf/fh:j / Joo ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf/fh:j / Joo ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf/fh:j / Joo ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M M M M -!_ o; efudf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP

tfklg rfn" cfly{s jif{sf] cGTo;Dddf cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf] nflu /fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg

Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf k]z x'g g;Sg] ljz]if kl/l:ylt pTkGg ePdf rfn' cfly{s jif{sf]

cfly{s P]g adf]lhd /fh:j ;Íng ug{ ;lsg]5 .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] kl/l:ylt pTkGg ePdf cy{ dGqLn] To;sf] sf/0f

v'nfO{ rfn" cfly{s jif{sf] s'n Joosf] Ps t[tLof+zdf ga9\g] u/L cfufdL cfly{s jif{sf]

nflu vr{ ug]{ clwsf/sf] ljw]os Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd vr{ ePsf] /sd ljlgof]hg ljw]osdf ;dfj]z

ul/g]5 .

-$_ o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd

Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf k]z ePsf] ljw]os ;f] ljw]os k]z ePsf] lbgdf g} 5nkmn k|f/De

u/L kfl/t ug{ ;lsg]5 .




36

(&=(&=(&=(&= pwf/f] vr{pwf/f] vr{pwf/f] vr{pwf/f] vr{MMMM o; efudf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|fs[lts sf/0f jf jfx\o

cfqmd0fsf] cfzÍf jf cfGtl/s lj£g jf cGo sf/0fn] ubf{ :yfgLo jf /fi6«JofkL ;Í6sf]

cj:yf ePdf wf/f (# cGtu{t rflxg] ljj/0f v'nfpg cJofjxfl/s jf /fHosf] ;'/Iff jf

lxtsf b[li6n] cjf~5gLo b]lvPdf cy{ dGqLn] Joosf] ljj/0f dfq ePsf] pwf/f] vr{ ljw]os

Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .

(*=(*=(*=(*= cfsl:ds sf]ifcfsl:ds sf]ifcfsl:ds sf]ifcfsl:ds sf]ifMMMM P]gåf/f cfsl:ds sf]ifsf gfdn] Pp6f sf]if :yfkgf ug{ ;lsg]5 / To:tf]

sf]ifdf ;do ;dodf P]gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP cg';f/sf] /sd hDdf ul/g]5 . ;f] sf]if g]kfn

;/sf/sf] lgoGq0fdf /xg]5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;f] sf]ifaf6 cfsl:ds sfo{sf] nflu vr{ ug{

;Sg]5 . To:tf] vr{sf] /sd P]gåf/f oyfzLw| ;f]wegf{ ul/g]5 .

((=((=((=((= cfly{s sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL P]gcfly{s sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL P]gcfly{s sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL P]gcfly{s sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL P]gMMMM P]gåf/f ljlgof]lht Ps zLif{saf6 csf]{ zLif{sdf /sd ;fg]{ /

cfly{s sfo{ljlw;DaGwL cGo s'/fx¿ P]gåf/f Jojl:yt x'g]5 .

efu !)efu !)efu !)efu !)

GofokflnsfGofokflnsfGofokflnsfGofokflnsf

!))=!))=!))=!))= Gofo ;DaGwL clwsf/ cbfntaf6 k|of]u x'gGofo ;DaGwL clwsf/ cbfntaf6 k|of]u x'gGofo ;DaGwL clwsf/ cbfntaf6 k|of]u x'gGofo ;DaGwL clwsf/ cbfntaf6 k|of]u x'g]M]M]M]M -!_ g]kfnsf] Gofo ;DaGwL clwsf/ of] ;+ljwfg

/ cGo sfg"g tyf Gofosf dfGo l;4fGt cg';f/ cbfnt tyf Goflos lgsfox¿af6 k|of]u

ul/g]5 .

-@_ g]kfnsf] Gofokflnsfn] :jtGq Gofokflnsf ;DaGwL cjwf/0ff /

d"NodfGotfnfO{ cg';/0f u/L nf]stGq / hgcfGbf]ngsf] efjgfnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub}{ o;

;+ljwfgk|lt k|lta4 /xg]5 .

!)!=!)!=!)!=!)!= cbfntx¿cbfntx¿cbfntx¿cbfntx¿MMMM -!_ g]kfndf b]xfo adf]lhdsf cbfntx¿ /xg]5gM–

-s_ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt,

-v_ k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, /

-u_ lhNnf cbfnt .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df n]lvPb]lv afx]s vf; lsl;d / k|s[ltsf d'2fsf] sf/afxL /

lsgf/f ug{ sfg"gåf/f cGo cbfnt, Goflos lgsfo jf Gofoflws/0fsf] :yfkgf / u7g ug{

;lsg]5 .

t/ s'g} vf; d'2fsf] nflu cbfnt, Goflos lgsfo jf Gofoflws/0fsf] u7g ul/g]

5}g .

!)@=!)@=!)@=!)@= ;jf]{Rr cbfnt;jf]{Rr cbfnt;jf]{Rr cbfnt;jf]{Rr cbfntMMMM -!_ Gofokflnsfsf] ;a}eGbf dflyNnf] tx ;jf]{Rr cbfnt x'g]5 .



37

-@_ ;+ljwfg ;ef ;DaGwL cbfnt afx]s g]kfnsf cGo ;a} cbfnt / Goflos

lgsfox¿ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf dftxtdf x'g]5g\ . ;jf{]Rr cbfntn] cfˆgf] dftxtsf cbfnt /

Goflos lgsfox¿sf] lg/LIf0f Pj+ ;'kl/j]If0f ug{ / cfjZos lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg]5 .

-#_ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt clen]v cbfnt x'g]5 . o;n] cfˆgf] / cfˆgf dftxtsf

cbfnt jf Goflos lgsfox¿sf] cjx]ngfdf sf/afxL rnfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd ;hfo ug{

;Sg]5 .

-$_ ;+ljwfg ;ef ;DaGwL cbfntsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ ljifodf afx]s o;

;+ljwfg / k|rlnt sfg"gsf] JofVof ug]{ clGtd clwsf/ ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf lglxt /xg]5 .

-%_ ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf k|wfg GofofwLzsf] cltl/Qm a9Ldf rf}w hgf;Dd cGo

GofofwLzx¿ /xg]5g\ . s'g} ;dodf ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf d'2fsf] ;+Vof a9\g uO{

GofofwLzx¿sf] ;+Vof ckof{Kt x'g uPdf s'g} lglZrt cjlwsf nflu c:yfoL GofofwLz

lgo'Qm ug{ ;lsg]5 .

!)#=!)#=!)#=!)#= ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf GofofwLzx¿sf] lgo'lQm / of]Uotf;jf]{Rr cbfntsf GofofwLzx¿sf] lgo'lQm / of]Uotf;jf]{Rr cbfntsf GofofwLzx¿sf] lgo'lQm / of]Uotf;jf]{Rr cbfntsf GofofwLzx¿sf] lgo'lQm / of]UotfMMMM -!_ ✔/fi6«kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf]

l;kmfl/;df ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz / k|wfg GofofwLzn] Gofo kl/ifb\sf]

l;kmfl/;df ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf cGo GofofwLzx¿sf] lgo'lQm ug{]5 . k|wfg GofofwLzsf] kbfjlw

wf/f !)% sf] pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -v_ sf] cwLgdf /xL lgo'lQm ePsf] ldltaf6 5 jif{sf]

x'g]5 .

-@_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz kbdf sDtLdf tLg jif{ sfd u/]sf] JolQm

;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLzsf] kbdf lgo'Qm x'g of]Uo dflgg]5 .

-#_ k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] GofofwLz jf ;f] ;/xsf] Gofo ;]jfsf] s'g} kbdf ;ft

jif{ jf Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fL jf ;f] eGbf dflyNnf] kbdf sDtLdf afx| jif{

sfd u/]sf] jf sfg"gdf :gfts clwjQmf jf jl/i7 clwjQmfsf] x}l;otdf sDtLdf kGw| jif{

jsfnt u/]sf] jf sDtLdf kGw| jif{;Dd Gofo jf sfg"gsf] If]qdf sfd u/L ljlzi6

sfg"gljb\sf ¿kdf Voflt k|fKt u/]sf] JolQm dfq ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] kbdf

lgo'lQmsf nflu of]Uo dflgg]5 .

-$_ k|wfg GofofwLzsf] kb l/Qm ePdf jf c:j:ytfsf] jf c? s'g} sf/0fn]

k|wfg GofofwLz cfˆgf] kbsf] sfd ug{ c;dy{ ePdf jf labf a;]sf] jf g]kfn aflx/

uPsf] sf/0fn] k|wfg GofofwLz ;jf] {Rr cbfntdf pkl:yt gx'g] cj:yf k/]df ;jf]{Rr

cbfntsf] jl/i7td GofofwLzn] sfod d'sfod k|wfg GofofwLz eO{ sfd ug]{ ]5 .

✔ rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .



38

-%_ k|wfg GofofwLz / ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf cGo GofofwLzx¿ k};6\7L jif{sf]

pd]/ gk'u];Dd cfkmgf] kbdf jxfn /xg]5g\ .

!)$=!)$=!)$=!)$= k|wfg GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] ;]jfsf zt{ tyf ;'ljwfk|wfg GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] ;]jfsf zt{ tyf ;'ljwfk|wfg GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] ;]jfsf zt{ tyf ;'ljwfk|wfg GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] ;]jfsf zt{ tyf ;'ljwfMMMM -!_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg

GofofwLz tyf sDtLdf kFfr jif{ sfd u/]sf] ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] :yfoL GofofwLzn] cjsfz

k|fKt ubf{ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd lgj[lQe/0f kfpg]5g\ .

-@_ o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg

GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] kfl/>lds, labf, eQf, lgj[lQe/0f / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿

sfg"gåf/f Jojl:yt x'g]5g\ .

-#_ pkwf/f -!_ / -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg dxfleof]uåf/f

kbd'Qm ePsf] ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzn] pkbfg jf lgj[lQe/0f

kfpg] 5}g .

-$_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLznfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L lghsf]

kfl/>lds, ;'ljwf jf ;]jfsf cGo zt{ ablng] 5}g .

!)%=!)%=!)%=!)%= k|wfg GofofwLz tyf ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz kb d'Qm x'g]k|wfg GofofwLz tyf ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz kb d'Qm x'g]k|wfg GofofwLz tyf ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz kb d'Qm x'g]k|wfg GofofwLz tyf ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz kb d'Qm x'g]MMMM -!_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf

k|wfg GofofwLz jf ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] cGo s'g} GofofwLz cfˆgf] kbaf6 d'Qm ePsf]

dflgg]5M–

-s_ k|wfg GofofwLzn] ✔/fi6«klt ;dIf / GofofwLzn] k|wfg GofofwLz ;dIf

lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,

-v_ lghsf] k}+;¶L jif{sf] pd]/ k"/f ePdf,

-u_ Joj:yflksf–;+;baf6 dxfleof]u k|:tfj kfl/t ePdf,


-@_ k|wfg GofofwLz jf cGo s'g} GofofwLz sfo{Ifdtfsf] cefj, v/fa cfr/0f,

OdfGbf/Lk"j{s cfˆgf] kbLo st{Josf] kfng gu/]sf], zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s sf/0fn] sfo{

;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{ ePsf] eGg] cfwf/df Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf dxfleof]u k|:tfj k|:t't ug{

;lsg]5 / ;f] k|:tfj tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtaf6 kfl/t

ePdf lgh :jtM kbd'Qm x'g]5 .

t/ To:tf] cf/f]k nfu]sf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLznfO{ ;kmfO k]z ug]{ df}sfaf6 jlGrt

ul/g] 5}g .

-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] sf/afxL k|f/De ePkl5 ;f] sf/afxLsf] 6'Ëf]

gnfu];Dd cf/f]k nfu]sf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLzn] cfˆgf] kbsf] sfo{ ug]{ 5}g . ✔ rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .



39

!)^=!)^=!)^=!)^= k|wfg GofofwLz tyf GofofwLznfO{ cGo s'g} kbdf sfddf nufpg gx'g]k|wfg GofofwLz tyf GofofwLznfO{ cGo s'g} kbdf sfddf nufpg gx'g]k|wfg GofofwLz tyf GofofwLznfO{ cGo s'g} kbdf sfddf nufpg gx'g]k|wfg GofofwLz tyf GofofwLznfO{ cGo s'g} kbdf sfddf nufpg gx'g]MMMM -!_ ;jf]{Rr

cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLznfO{ GofofwLzsf] kbdf afx]s cGo s'g} kbdf

sfddf nufOg] jf sfhdf v6fOg] 5}g .

t/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] Gofo kl/ifb\;F+u k/fdz{ lnO{ ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz

jf GofofwLznfO{ Goflos hfFra'emsf] sfddf jf s]xL vf; cjlwsf] nflu sfg"g jf Gofo

;DaGwL cg';Gwfg, cGj]if0f jf /fli6«o ;/f]sf/sf] cGo s'g} sfddf v6fpg ;Sg]5 .

-@_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLz eO;s]sf] JolQm wf/f !#!

sf] pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] kbdf afx]s s'g} klg ;/sf/L kbdf lgo'lQmsf]

nflu u|fXo x'g] 5}g / lghn] s'g} klg c8\8f cbfntdf pkl:yt eO{ ax; k}/jL ug{ kfpg]

5}g .

!)&=!)&=!)&=!)&= ;jf];jf];jf];jf]{Rr cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]q{Rr cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]q{Rr cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]q{Rr cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]qMMMM

-!_ o; ;+ljwfgåf/f k|bQ df}lns xs pk/ cg'lrt aGb]h nufOPsf]n] jf

cGo s'g} sf/0fn] s'g} sfg"g of] ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf] x'Fbf ;f] sfg"g jf To;sf] s'g} efu

ab/ 3f]lift u/L kfpF egL s'g} klg g]kfnL gful/sn] ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5

/ ;f] cg';f/ s'g} sfg"g ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf] b]lvPdf ;f] sfg"gnfO{ k|f/Deb]lv g} jf

lg0f{o ePsf] ldltb]lv cdfGo / ab/ 3f]lift ug]{ c;fwf/0f clwsf/ ;jf]{Rr cbfntnfO{

x'g]5 .

-@_ o; ;+ljwfgåf/f k|bQ df}lns xssf] k|rngsf] nflu jf csf]{ pkrf/sf]

Joj:yf gePsf] jf csf]{ pkrf/sf] Joj:yf eP klg ;f] pkrf/ ckof{Kt jf k|efjxLg

b]lvPsf] cGo s'g} sfg"gL xssf] k|rngsf] nflu jf ;fj{hlgs xs jf ;/f]sf/sf] s'g}

ljjfbdf ;dfj]z ePsf] s'g} ;+j}wflgs jf sfg"gL k|Zgsf] lg¿k0fsf] nflu cfjZos /

pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L u/L To:tf] xssf] k|rng u/fpg] jf ljjfb 6'Ëf] nufpg] c;fwf/0f

clwsf/ ;jf]{Rr cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 . ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu k"0f{ ¿kdf Gofo u/L plrt pkrf/

k|bfg ug{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f, k/dfb]z, pTk|]if0f, k|ltif]w, clwsf/k[R5f

nufot h'g;'s} pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .

t/ clwsf/ If]qsf] cefj ePsf]df afx]s Joj:yflksf–;+;bn] rnfPsf]

ljz]ifflwsf/sf] sf/afxL / tT;DaGwdf tf]s]sf] ;hfodf o; pkwf/f cGtu{t ;jf]{Rr

cbfntn] x:tIf]k ug]{ 5}g .

-#_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntnfO{ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd z'? d'2f x]g]{, k'g/fj]bg

;'Gg], ;fws hfFRg], d'2f bf]x¥ofpg] jf lgj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/ x'g]5 .



40

-$_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] sfg"gåf/f tf]lsPsf cj:yf / zt{df cfkm\gf] km};nf jf

clGtd cfb]zsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ ;Sg]5 . o;/L k'g/fjnf]sg ubf{ klxnf km};nf ubf{sf

GofofwLz afx]s cGo GofofwLzn] ug]{5g\ .

-%_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] cGo clwsf/ tyf sfo{ljlw sfg"gåf/f tf]lsP adf]lhd

x'g]5 .

!)*=!)*=!)*=!)*= k'g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf cbfntsf] :yfkgf, Joj:yf / clwsf/ If]qk'g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf cbfntsf] :yfkgf, Joj:yf / clwsf/ If]qk'g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf cbfntsf] :yfkgf, Joj:yf / clwsf/ If]qk'g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf cbfntsf] :yfkgf, Joj:yf / clwsf/ If]qMMMM o; ;+ljwfgsf]

cwLgdf /xL k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, lhNnf cbfnt tyf ;jf]{Rr cbfnt dftxtsf cGo cbfnt

tyf Goflos lgsfox¿sf] :yfkgf / Joj:yf sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 .

!)(=!)(=!)(=!)(= k'g/fj]bg cbfnt / lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm, of]Uotf / ;]jfsf zt{ tyf k'g/fj]bg cbfnt / lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm, of]Uotf / ;]jfsf zt{ tyf k'g/fj]bg cbfnt / lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm, of]Uotf / ;]jfsf zt{ tyf k'g/fj]bg cbfnt / lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm, of]Uotf / ;]jfsf zt{ tyf

;'ljwfx¿;'ljwfx¿;'ljwfx¿;'ljwfx¿MMMM -!_ k|wfg GofofwLzn] Gofo kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] d'Vo

GofofwLz / GofofwLz tyf lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm ug{]5 .

-@_ sfg"gdf :gftsf]kflw k|fKt u/L lhNnf GofofwLz jf Gofo ;]jfsf]

/fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf] kbdf sDtLdf ;ft jif{ sfd u/]sf] jf sfg"gdf :gfts jl/i7

clwjQmf jf clwjQmfsf] ¿kdf sDtLdf b; jif{ jsfnt u/]sf] jf sDtLdf b; jif{ sfg"gsf]

cWofkg, cGj]if0f jf sfg"g jf Gofo ;DaGwL cGo s'g} If]qdf sfd u/]sf] g]kfnL gful/s

k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLz jf GofofwLzsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uo dflgg]5 .

-#_ sfg"gdf :gftsf]kflw k|fKt u/L Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqflÍt låtLo >]0fLsf]

kbdf sDtLdf tLg jif{ sfd u/]sf] jf sfg"gdf :gfts clwjQmfsf] ¿kdf sDtLdf cf7 jif{

jsfnt u/]sf] g]kfnL gful/s lhNnf GofofwLzsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uo dflgg]5 .

-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd sfg"gdf :gfts clwjQmfnfO{ lhNnf GofofwLzdf

lgo'lQm ubf{ Gofo kl/ifb\af6 lnOg] lnlvt / df}lvs k/LIffaf6 pQL0f{ ePsf JolQmnfO{

lgo'lQm ul/g]5 . To:tf] k/LIff k|0ffnL / cGo sfo{ljlw sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd

x'g]5 .

-%_ Gofo kl/ifb\n] o; wf/f adf]lhd of]Uo ePsf] JolQmnfO{ of]Uotf, Ifdtf,

cg'ej, Gofo k|ltsf] lgi7f / of]ubfg, ;fj{hlgs hLjgdf cfh{g u/]sf] VoftL, pRr g}lts

rl/q ;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ u/L k'g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] kbdf

lgo'lQmsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug{]5 .

-^_ of] wf/f jf o; kl5sf cGo wf/fx¿df k|of]u ePsf] GofofwLz eGg] zAbn]

ljifo jf k|;Ëaf6 csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df cltl/Qm GofofwLz ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 .



41

-&_ k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLz, GofofwLz tyf lhNnf cbfntsf]

GofofwLzsf] kfl/>lds, eQf, lgj[lQe/0f, labf, pkbfg / ;]jfsf cGo ;'ljwf / ;]jfsf cGo

zt{x¿ sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5g\ .

-*_ k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLz / GofofwLz tyf lhNnf cbfntsf]

GofofwLznfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L lghsf] kfl/>lds, ;'ljwf / ;]jfsf zt{ ablng] 5|}g .

-(_ pkwf/f -&_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg pkwf/f -!)_ sf] v08 -u_

adf]lhd kbd'Qm ePsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzn] pkbfg tyf

lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] 5}g .

-!)_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf k'g/fj]bg cbfnt jf lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLz cfˆgf]

kbaf6 d'Qm ePsf] dflgg]5M–

-s_ lghn] k|wfg GofofwLz ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,

-v_ lghsf] lq;¶L jif{sf] pd]/ k"/f ePdf,

-u_ sfo{Ifdtfsf] cefj, v/fa cfr/0f, OdfGbf/Lk"j{s cfˆgf] kbLo st{Josf]

kfng gu/]sf], zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s sf/0fn] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{

ePsf], Gofodf ljrlnt ePsf] eGg] cfwf/df kbd'Qm ug]{ egL Gofo

kl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o adf]lhd k|wfg GofofwLzaf6 kbd'Qm ePdf,

o; v08 adf]lhd cf/f]k nfu]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf

cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{ cfˆgf] ;kmfO{ k]z ug{ dgfl;a df}sf lbOg]5 / ;f]

k|of]hgsf] nflu lgh;Fu aofg lng, k|df0f ;Íng ug{ / /fo ;lxtsf]

k|ltj]bg k]z ug{ Gofo kl/ifb\n] hfFra'em ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;f]

;ldltsf] sfo{ljlw sfg"gåf/f lgwf{l/t x'g]5 .


-!!_ pkwf/f -!)_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhd sf/afxL k|f/De ePkl5 ;f] sf/afxLsf]

6'Ëf] gnfu];Dd cf/f]k nfu]sf] To:tf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzn]

cfˆgf] kbsf] sfo{ ug] { 5}g .

!!)=!!)=!!)=!!)= k'g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnk'g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnk'g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnk'g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{ cGo s'g} kbdf ;?jf ug{ jf sfddf f cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{ cGo s'g} kbdf ;?jf ug{ jf sfddf f cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{ cGo s'g} kbdf ;?jf ug{ jf sfddf f cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{ cGo s'g} kbdf ;?jf ug{ jf sfddf

nufpg gx'g]nufpg gx'g]nufpg gx'g]nufpg gx'g]MMMM -!_ s'g} GofofwLznfO{ GofofwLzsf] kbdf afx]s cGo s'g} kbdf ;?jf ul/g],

sfd nufOg] jf sfhdf v6fOg] 5}g .

t/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] Gofo kl/ifb\\;Fu k/fdz{ lnO{ k'g/fj]bg tyf lhNnf cbfntsf]

GofofwLznfO{ Goflos hfFra'emsf] sfddf jf s]xL vf; cjlwsf] nflu sfg"g jf Gofo

;DaGwL cg';Gwfg, cGj]if0f jf /fli6«o ;/f]sf/sf] cGo s'g} sfddf v6fpg ;Sg]5 .



42

k'g/fj]bg cbfnt jf lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] xsdf k|wfg GofofwLzn] Gofo kl/ifb\\;Fu

k/fdz{ u/L plNnlvt sfd / lgjf{rg h:tf sfddf nufpg ;Sg]5 .

-@_ Gofo kl/ifb\\sf] l;kmfl/;df k|wfg GofofwLzn] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt tyf lhNnf

cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{ Ps cbfntaf6 csf]{ cbfntsf] GofofwLzdf ;?jf ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-#_ d'2fsf] ;+Vof / Goflos lg¿k0f ul/g' kg]{ ljjfbsf] ljifo ;d]tsf] cfwf/df

s'g} cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{ s]xL ;dosf] nflu ;dfg txsf] cGo cbfntdf GofofwLz eO{

sfd sfh ug{ k|wfg GofofwLzn] k7fpg ;Sg]5 .

-$_ s'g} If]qdf /x]sf GofofwLznfO{ ef}uf]lns b[li6n] glhssf] If]qsf] ;dfg txsf]

cGo cbfntdf /x]sf] d'2fsf] sf/afxLsf]] qmddf sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd ljB'tLo

pks/0fsf] dfWodaf6 jf cGo dfWodaf6 k|f/lDes tyf cGtl/d cfb]z lbg] clwsf/ ;jf]{Rr

cbfntn] k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .

!!!=!!!=!!!=!!!= d'2f ;fg{ ;Sg]d'2f ;fg{ ;Sg]d'2f ;fg{ ;Sg]d'2f ;fg{ ;Sg]MMMM s'g} cbfntdf bfo/ ePsf] d'2f ;f] cbfntaf6 ;'g'jfO{ x'Fbf Gofo k|efljt

x'g] cj:yf 5 eGg] sf/0f;Fu ;jf]{Rr cbfnt ;Gt'i6 ePdf To:tf] d'2f ;dfg txsf] cGo

cbfntaf6 ;'g'jfO{ ug{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .

!!@=!!@=!!@=!!@= k|wfg GofofwLzsf] lhDd]jf/Lk|wfg GofofwLzsf] lhDd]jf/Lk|wfg GofofwLzsf] lhDd]jf/Lk|wfg GofofwLzsf] lhDd]jf/LMMMM d'n'ssf] Gofo k|zf;gnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] clGtd lhDd]jf/L

k|wfg GofofwLzsf] x'g]5 / ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu lghn] o; ;+ljwfg tyf cGo sfg"gsf]

cwLgdf /xL ;jf{]Rr cbfnt tyf dftxtsf cbfntnfO{ cfjZos lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg]5 .

!!#=!!#=!!#=!!#= Gofo kl/ifbGofo kl/ifbGofo kl/ifbGofo kl/ifb\\ \\ \\ \\MMMM -!_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd GofofwLzx¿sf] lgo'lQm, ;?jf, cg'zf;g ;DaGwL

sf/afxL, avf{;L / Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL cGo s'/fx¿sf] l;kmfl/; ug{ jf k/fdz{ lbg Pp6f

Gofo kl/ifb\\ /xg]5 h;df b]xfo adf]lhd cWoIf / ;b:ox¿ x'g]5g\M–

-s_ k|wfg GofofwLz – cWoIf

-v_ Gofo dGqL – ;b:o

-u_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf jl/i7td GofofwLz Pshgf – ;b:o ▲-3_ /fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df dgf]gLt

u/]sf] Pshgf sfg"gljb\ – ;b:o

-ª_ g]kfn af/ Pzf]l;Pzgsf] l;kmfl/;df k|wfg GofofwLzåf/f lgo'Qm

jl/i7 clwjQmf jf sDtLdf aL; jif{sf] cg'ej k|fKt clwjQmf –

;b:o

:ki6Ls/0fM:ki6Ls/0fM:ki6Ls/0fM:ki6Ls/0fM o; efusf] k|of]hgsf nflu ædGqLÆ eGgfn] :jtGq sfo{ef/ ePsf]

/fHo dGqL ;d]tnfO{ hgfpg]5 . ▲ kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .



43

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -3_ / -ª_ adf]lhdsf] ;b:osf] kbfjlw rf/ jif{sf] x'g]5 /

lghsf] kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] ;/x x'g]5 .

-#_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -3_ / -ª_ adf]lhdsf] ;b:onfO{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf]

GofofwLz ;/x ;dfg cfwf/df / ;dfg tl/sfn] ;f] kbaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 .

-$_ Gofo kl/ifb\\sf] cWoIf nufotsf ;b:on] s'g} GofofwLzsf] ;DaGwdf kg{

cfPsf] ph'/L;Fu ;Da4 d'2fsf sfuhft tyf kmfon dufO{ cWoog u/L Gofo kl/ifb\df

To;sf] hfgsf/L lbg ;Sg]5 .

-%_ s'g} GofofwLzsf] ljifodf kg{ cfPsf] ph'/Lsf] ;DaGwdf k|f/lDes 5fglag

u/fpFbf ljz]if1af6 lj:t[t 5fglag ug'{ kg{] b]lvPdf Gofo kl/ifb\n] hfFra'em ;ldlt u7g

ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-^_ Gofo kl/ifb\\sf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd

x'g]5 .

!!$=!!$=!!$=!!$= Gofo ;]jf cfof]uGofo ;]jf cfof]uGofo ;]jf cfof]uGofo ;]jf cfof]uMMMM -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] sfg"g adf]lhd Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqflÍt kbdf lgo'lQm,

;?jf, a9'jf ubf{ jf To:tf] kbdf axfn /x]sf] s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo ubf{ Gofo

;]jf cfof]usf] l;kmfl/; adf]lhd ug]{5 .

t/ ;/sf/L ;]jfdf axfn g/x]sf] JolQmnfO{ Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqflÍt kbdf gofF

egf{åf/f :yfoL lgo'lQm ubf{ jf Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkq cglÍt kbaf6 Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqflÍt

kbdf a9'jf ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] l;kmfl/; adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 .

-@_ Gofo ;]jf cfof]udf b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿ x'g]5g\ M–

-s_ k|wfg GofofwLz – cWoIf

-v_ Gofo dGqL – ;b:o

-u_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] jl/i7td GofofwLz – ;b:o

-3_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf – ;b:o

-ª_ dxfGofoflwjQmf – ;b:o

-#_ Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf] cGo sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ / sfo{ljlw sfg"gåf/f

lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

!!%=!!%=!!%=!!%= cbfntnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{cbfntnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{cbfntnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{cbfntnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{MMMM Gofo ;Dkfbgsf] sfo{df ;jf]{Rr cbfnt / cGo cbfntx¿nfO{

;xof]u ug'{ g]kfn ;/sf/ / dftxtsf ;a} sfof{no jf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

!!^=!!^=!!^=!!^= cbfntsf] cfb]z / lg0f{onfO{ dfGg' kg{]cbfntsf] cfb]z / lg0f{onfO{ dfGg' kg{]cbfntsf] cfb]z / lg0f{onfO{ dfGg' kg{]cbfntsf] cfb]z / lg0f{onfO{ dfGg' kg{]MMMM -!_ d'2f dfldnfsf] /f]xdf cbfntn] lbPsf] cfb]z

jf lg0f{osf] ;a}n] kfng ug'{ kg]{5 .



44

-@_ d'2f dfldnfsf /f]xdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] u/]sf] sfg"gsf] JofVof jf k|ltkfbg

u/]sf] sfg"gL l;4fGt g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf ;a} c8\8f cbfntx¿n] dfGg' kg]{5 .

!!&=!!&=!!&=!!&= jflif{s k|ltj]bgMjflif{s k|ltj]bgMjflif{s k|ltj]bgMjflif{s k|ltj]bgM -!_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] k|To]s jif{ cfˆgf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg ✔/fi6«klt

;dIf k]z ug]{5 / ✔/fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t To:tf] k|ltj]bg Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf

k]z ug]{ Joj:yf ug{]5 .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] jflif{s k|ltj]bgdf cGo s'/fx¿sf] cltl/Qm

b]xfosf] ljj/0f v'nfpg' kg]{5M–

-s_ ;jf{]Rr cbfnt / dftxtsf cbfntdf btf{ ePsf d'2fsf] ;+VofTds

ljj/0f,

-v_ v08 -s_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd btf{ ePsf d'2f dWo] km5\of{}6 ePsf /

gePsf d'2fsf] ;+Vof / km5\of{}6 x'g g;s]sf] sf/0f,

-u_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 k|ltkfbg ePsf gofF ghL/x¿sf] ljj/0f,

-3_ ;jf{]Rr cbfntaf6 k'g/fjnf]sg ePsf] d''2fsf] ;+Vof,

-ª_ ;jf{]Rr cbfntn] dftxtsf cbfntsf] s'g} GofofwLzsf] Gofo

;Dkfbgsf] ;DaGwdf sfo{Ifdtf ;DaGwL ljifodf s'g} Goflos l6Kk0fL

u/]sf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f,

-r_ b08 jf hl/jfgf c;'n pk/ ePsf] /sdsf] ljj/0f,

-5_ km};nf sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL ljj/0f,

-h_ ;jf{]Rr cbfnt tyf dftxtsf cbfntnfO{ ljlgof]hg ePsf] ah]6 /

vr{sf] ljj/0f .

-#_ ;jf{]Rr cbfntn] pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bg k]z ubf{ Gofo kl/ifb\ /

Gofo;]jf cfof]uaf6 ePsf sfd sf/afxLsf] ljj/0f ;d]t pNn]v ug'{ kg{]5 .

!!*=!!*=!!*=!!*= ;+ljwfg ;ef ;DaGwL cbfntM;+ljwfg ;ef ;DaGwL cbfntM;+ljwfg ;ef ;DaGwL cbfntM;+ljwfg ;ef ;DaGwL cbfntM -!_ lgjf{rg ;DaGwL ph'/L x]g{ Ps ;+ljwfg ;ef cbfnt

u7g ul/g]5 .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;+ljwfg ;ef cbfntsf] u7g, If]qflwsf/ / cGo

ljifox¿ sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

-#_ o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkwf/f -!_

adf]lhdsf] cbfntdf sfg"gåf/f tf]lsP adf]lhd ph'/ gk/L ;+ljwfg ;ef ;b:osf nflu

ePsf] s'g} lgjf{rg ;DaGwdf s'g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg ;lsg] 5}g .




45

-$_ o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;+ljwfg ;efsf]

lgjf{rg k|s[of k|f/De ePkl5 lgjf{rg cj?4 x'g] u/L s'g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg ;lsg]

5}g .

efu !efu !efu !efu !!!!!

clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]uclVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]uclVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]uclVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u

!!(=!!(=!!(=!!(= clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]uclVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]uclVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]uclVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]uMMMM -!_ g]kfndf Ps clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u

/xg]5 h;df k|d'v cfo'Qm / cfjZos ;+Vofdf cGo cfo'Qmx¿ /xg]5g\ . k|d'v cfo'Qmsf

cltl/Qm cGo cfo'Qm lgo'Qm ePdf k|d'v cfo'Qmn] clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf]

cWoIf eO{ sfd ug]{5 .

-@_ ✔/fi6«kltn]] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df k|d'v cfo'Qm / cGo

cfo'Qmx¿sf] lgo'lQm ug{]5 .

-#_ pkwf/f -&_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+zsf] v08 -s_ sf] cwLgdf /xL k|d'v

cfo'Qm / cGo cfo'Qmx¿sf] kbfjlw lgo'lQmsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .

t/,

-s_ ;f] kbfjlw k"/f x'g' cufj} k|d'v cfo'Qm jf cfo'Qmsf] pd]/ k}+;¶L jif{

k"/f ePdf lgh cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /xg] 5}g .

-v_ k|d'v cfo'Qm / cfo'QmnfO{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;/x ;dfg

cfwf/df / ;dfg tl/sfn] ;f] kbaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 .

-$_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf k|d'v cfo'Qm jf cfo'Qmsf] kb l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5M–

-s_ lghn] ✔/fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,

-v_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd lghsf] kbfjlw k"/f ePdf jf lgh cfˆgf]

kbdf g/x]df,


-%_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf geO{ s'g} JolQm k|d'v cfo'Qm jf cfo'Qmsf] kbdf

lgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uo x'g] 5}g M–

-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f dfGotf k|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gftsf]kflw

k|fKt u/]sf],

-v_ lgo'lQm x'Fbfsf avt s'g} /fhg}lts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf],

-u_ n]vf, /fhZj, OlGhlgol/Ë, sfg"g, ljsf; jf cg';Gwfgsf] If]qdf

sDtLdf aL; jif{ sfd u/L cg'ej / Voflt k|fKt u/]sf], ✔ rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .



46

-3_ k}+tfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], /

-ª_ pRr g}lts rl/q sfod ePsf] .

-^_ k|d'v cfo'Qm / cfo'Qmsf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ sfg"gåf/f

lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5g\ . k|d'v cfo'Qm / cfo'Qm cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /x];Dd lghnfO{

dsf{ kg]{ u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ ablng] 5}gg\ .

-&_ k|d'v cfo'Qm jf cfo'Qm eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'Qm x'gsf]

lgldQ u|fXo x'g] 5}g .

t/,

-s_ clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] cfo'QmnfO{ k|d'v cfo'Qmsf]

kbdf lgo'Qm ug{ o; pkwf/fn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g / ;f]

adf]lhd s'g} cfo'Qm k|d'v cfo'Qmsf] kbdf lgo'Qm ePsf]df

lghsf] kbfjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{ cfo'Qm ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L

u0fgf ul/g]5 .

-v_ s'g} /fhg}lts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf

5fglag ug]{ jf s'g} ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo

jf l;kmfl/; k]z ug]{ s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o;

pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .

!@)=!@)=!@)=!@)= clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/MMMM -!_ s'g} ;fj{hlgs kb

wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmn] cg'lrt sfo{ jf e|i6frf/ u/L clVtof/sf] b'¿kof]u u/]sf] ;DaGwdf

clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] sfg"g adf]lhd cg';Gwfg / txlssft ug{ jf

u/fpg ;Sg]5 .

t/ o; ;+ljwfgdf 5'6\6} Joj:yf ePsf] kbflwsf/L / cGo sfg"gn] 5'6\6} ljz]if

Joj:yf ePsf] kbflwsf/Lsf] xsdf of] pkwf/f nfu" x'g] 5}g .

-@_ v/fa cfr/0fsf cfwf/df dxfleof]u k|:tfj kfl/t eO{ kbd'Qm x'g]

;+j}wflgs kbflwsf/Lx¿, Gofo kl/ifb\af6 ;f]xL cleof]udf kbd'Qm x'g] GofofwLzx¿ /

;}lgs P]g adf]lhd sf/afxL x'g] JolQmsf xsdf lghnfO{ kbd'Qm eO;s]kl5 sfg"g

adf]lhd cg';Gwfg / txlssft ug{ u/fpg ;lsg]5 .

-#_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ePsf] cg';Gwfg / txlssftaf6

;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] s'g} JolQmn] sfg"g adf]lhd cg'lrt sfo{ dflgg] s'g} sfd

u/L clVtof/sf] b'¿kof]u u/]sf] b]lvPdf clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un]



47

lghnfO{ ;r]t u/fpg, ljefuLo sf/afxL jf sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd cGo

cfjZos sf/afxLsf] nflu clVtof/jfnf ;dIf n]vL k7fpg ;Sg]5 .

-$_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ePsf] cg';Gwfg / txlssftaf6 ;fj{hlgs

kb wf/0f u/]sf] s'g} JolQmn] sfg"g adf]lhd e|i6frf/ dflgg] s'g} sfd u/]sf] b]lvPdf

clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] To:tf] JolQm / ;f] ck/fwdf ;+nUg cGo JolQm

pk/ sfg"g adf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKt cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ug{ jf u/fpg ;Sg]5 .

-%_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ePsf] cg';Gwfg / txlssftaf6 ;fj{hlgs

kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmsf] sfd sf/afxL cGo clwsf/L jf lgsfosf] clwsf/ If]q cGtu{t

kg{] k|s[ltsf] b]lvPdf clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] cfjZos sf/afxLsf] nflu

;DalGwt clwsf/L jf lgsfo ;dIf n]vL k7fpg ;Sg]5 .

-^_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg

cfof]usf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tyf sfo{ljlw sfg"gåf/f Joj:yf eP adf]lhd

x'g]5 .

-&_ cg';Gwfg / txlssft ug]{ jf d'2f rnfpg] cfˆgf] sfd, st{Jo /

clwsf/dWo] s'g} sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] k|d'v

cfo'Qm, cfo'Qm jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL k|of]u tyf

kfng ug{ kfpg] u/L ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 .

!@!=!@!=!@!=!@!= jflif{s k|ltj]bgjflif{s k|ltj]bgjflif{s k|ltj]bgjflif{s k|ltj]bgMMMM -!_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un]

cfk"mn] u/]sf] sfdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg ✔/fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ug{]5 / ✔/fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqL

dfkm{t To:tf] k|ltj]bg Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf k]z ug]{ Joj:yf ug{]5 .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] k|ltj]bgdf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm clVtof/

b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]udf jif{e/L k/]sf ph'/L, cg';Gwfg txlssft u/L sfg"g adf]lhd

clwsf/ k|fKt cbfntdf bfo/ u/]sf] / tfd]nLdf /fv]sf] d'2fsf] ;+Vof, cg'lrt sfo{ u/]sf]df

;r]t u/fPsf] jf ljefuLo sf/afxL jf cGo sf/afxLsf nflu n]vL k7fPsf] ;+Vof, e|i6frf/

lgjf/0fsf ;DaGwdf ePsf] pknlAw tyf ;f] ;DaGwdf eljiodf ug'{ kg{] ;'wf/sf] ljj/0f

pNn]v ug'{ kg{]5 .

efu !@efu !@efu !@efu !@

dxdxdxdxfn]vfk/LIfsfn]vfk/LIfsfn]vfk/LIfsfn]vfk/LIfs

!@@=!@@=!@@=!@@= dxfn]vfk/LIfsMdxfn]vfk/LIfsMdxfn]vfk/LIfsMdxfn]vfk/LIfsM -!_ g]kfndf Ps dxfn]vfk/LIfs x'g]5 .

-@_ ✔/fi6«kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] lgo'lQm ug{]5 . ✔ rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .



48

-#_ pkwf/f -&_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+zsf] cwLgdf /xL dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] kbfjlw

lgo'lQmsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .

t/,

-s_ ;f] kbfjlw k"/f x'g' cufj} dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] pd]/ k}+;¶L jif{ k"/f ePdf lgh

cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /xg] 5}g .

-v_ dxfn]vfk/LIfsnfO{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;/x ;dfg cfwf/df /

;dfg tl/sfn] ;f] kbaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 .

-$_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] kb l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5 M–


-v_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd lghsf] kbfjlw k"/f ePdf jf lgh cfˆgf] kbdf

g/x]df,


-%_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf geO{ s'g} JolQm dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf]

nflu of]Uo x'g] 5}g M–

-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f dfGotf k|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 Joj:yfkg, jfl0fHozf:q

jf n]vfdf :gftsf]kflw k|fKt u/L jf rf6{8{ PsfpG6]G;L k/LIff pQL0f{ u/L

g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ljlzi6 >]0fLdf sfd u/]sf] jf n]vf k/LIf0f ;DaGwL

sfddf sDtLdf aL; jif{ cg'ej k|fKt u/]sf],


-u_ k}+tfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], /

-3_ pRr g}lts rl/q sfod ePsf] .

-^_ dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP

adf]lhd x'g]5g\ . dxfn]vfk/LIfs cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /x];Dd lghnfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L

kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ ablng] 5}gg\ .

-&_ dxfn]vfk/LIfs eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'Qm x'gsf] lgldQ

u|fXo x'g] 5}g .

t/ s'g} /fhg}lts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf 5fglag ug]{ jf

s'g} ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/; k]z ug]{ s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm

eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .




49

!@#=!@#=!@#=!@#= dxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/Mdxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/Mdxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/Mdxfn]vfk/LIfssf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/M -!_ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, Joj:yflksf–;+;b,

;+ljwfg ;ef, clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u, dxfn]vfk/LIfs, nf]s ;]jf cfof]u,

lgjf{rg cfof]u, /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u, dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{no tyf cGo

;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] sfof{no / g]kfnL ;]gf Pj+ ;z:q k|x/L jf g]kfn k|x/L nufotsf ;a}

;/sf/L sfof{no / cbfntsf] n]vf sfg"gåf/f lgwf{l/t tl/sf adf]lhd lgoldttf,

ldtJolotf, sfo{bIftf, k|efjsfl/tf / cf}lrTo ;d]tsf] ljrf/ u/L dxfn]vfk/LIfsaf6

n]vfk/LIf0f x'g]5 .

-@_ krf; k|ltzteGbf a9L z]o/ jf hfoh]yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj

ePsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIf0fsf] nflu n]vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm ubf{ dxfn]vfk/LIfs;Fu

k/fdz{ ul/g]5 . To:tf] ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{ l;4fGtsf] ;DaGwdf

dxfn]vfk/LIfsn] cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .

-#_ dxfn]vfk/LIfsnfO{ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfdsf] nflu n]vf ;DaGwL

sfuhkq h'g;'s} avt x]g{ kfpg] clwsf/ x'g]5 . ;f] cg';f/ dxfn]vfk/LIfs jf To;sf s'g}

sd{rf/Ln] dfu u/]sf] h'g;'s} sfuhkq tyf hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg' ;DalGwt sfof{no

k|d'vsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

-$_ pkwf/f -!_ cg';f/ n]vfk/LIf0f ul/g] n]vf ;DalGwt sfg"gsf cwLgdf /xL

dxfn]vfk/LIfsåf/f tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf /flvg]5 .

-%_ pkwf/f -!_ df pNn]v ePsf sfof{nox¿sf] n]vfsf cltl/Qm cGo s'g}

sfof{no jf ;+:yfsf] dxfn]vfk/LIfsaf6 n]vfk/LIf0f ug'{ kg]{ u/L sfg"gåf/f Joj:yf ug{

;lsg]5 .

!@$=!@$=!@$=!@$= jflif{s k|ltj]bgMjflif{s k|ltj]bgMjflif{s k|ltj]bgMjflif{s k|ltj]bgM -!_ dxfn]vfk/LIfsn] cfk"mn] u/]sf] sfdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg ✔/fi6«klt

;dIf k]z ug{]5 / ✔/fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t To:tf] k|ltj]bg Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf

k]z ug]{ Joj:yf ug]{5 .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] k|ltj]bgdf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm

dxfn]vfk/LIfsaf6 jif{e/Ldf n]vfk/LIf0f u/]sf lgsfosf] ljj/0f, n]vfk/LIf0faf6

b]lvPsf] a]?h'sf] l:ylt, a]?h' km5\of}{6 ug{ u/]sf] k|of; / a]?h' km5\of}{6sf ;DaGwdf

k|fKt pknlAw tyf n]vfk/LIf0f ;DaGwdf eljiodf ug'{ kg{ ] ;'wf/sf] ljj/0f pNn]v ug'{

kg{ ]5 .




50

efu !#efu !#efu !#efu !#

nf]s ;]jf cfof]unf]s ;]jf cfof]unf]s ;]jf cfof]unf]s ;]jf cfof]u

!@%=!@%=!@%=!@%= nf]s ;]jf cfof]uMnf]s ;]jf cfof]uMnf]s ;]jf cfof]uMnf]s ;]jf cfof]uM -!_ g]kfndf Ps nf]s ;]jf cfof]u x'g]5 h;df cWoIf / cfjZostf

cg';f/ cGo ;b:ox¿ /xg]5g\ .

-@_ ✔/fi6«kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf cWoIf /

;b:ox¿sf] lgo'lQm ug{]5 .

-#_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf ;b:ox¿dWo] sDtLdf krf; k|ltzt ;b:ox¿ aL;

jif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L cjlw;Dd s'g} ;/sf/L ;]jfdf /x]sf JolQmx¿ dWo]af6 / afFsL

;b:ox¿ lj1fg, k|ljlw, snf, ;flxTo, sfg"g, hgk|zf;g, ;dfhzf:q jf /fli6«o hLjgsf

cGo If]qdf zf]w, cg';Gwfg, cWofkg jf cGo s'g} dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ u/L Vofltk|fKt u/]sf

JolQmx¿ dWo]af6 lgo'Qm x'g]5g\ .

-$_ pkwf/f -*_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+zsf] v08 -s_ sf] cwLgdf /xL nf]s

;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgo'lQm ePsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .

t/,

-s_ ;f] kbfjlw k"/f x'g cufj} nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf]

pd]/ k};¶L jif{ k"/f ePdf lgh cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /xg] 5}g .

-v_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:onfO{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz

;/x ;dfg cfwf/df / ;dfg tl/sfn] ;f] kbaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 .

-%_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm ePsf]

dflgg]5M–


-v_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd lghsf] kbfjlw k"/f ePdf jf lgh cfˆgf] kbdf

g/x]df,


-^_ b]xfo adf]lhd geO{ s'g} JolQm nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kbdf

lgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uo x'g] 5}g M–

-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dfGotf k|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gftsf]Q/ pkflw

k|fKt u/]sf],


-u_ k}+tfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], / ✔ rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .



51


-&_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿

sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5g\ . nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:o cfˆgf] kbdf

axfn /x];Dd lghx¿nfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ ablng] 5}gg\ .

-*_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf

lgo'Qm x'gsf] lgldQ u|fXo x'g] 5}g .

t/,

-s_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] ;b:onfO{ cWoIfdf lgo'Qm ug{ o; pkwf/fn] jfwf

k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g / ;f] adf]lhd s'g} ;b:o cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'Qm

ePdf lghsf] kbfjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L

u0fgf ul/g]5 .

-v_ s'g} /fhg}lts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf 5fglag

ug]{ jf s'g} ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/;

k]z ug]{ s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g}

s'/fn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .

!@^=!@^=!@^=!@^= nnnnf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/f]s ;]jf cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/f]s ;]jf cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/f]s ;]jf cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/MMMM -!_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf]

lgldQ pko'Qm pDd]bjf/ 5gf}6 ug{ k/LIff ;~rfng ug'{ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

:ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0fMMMM o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ;}lgs clws[t jf hjfg / ;z:q k|x/L jf k|x/L

sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf jf kb tyf lghfdtL ;]jf jf kb xf]Og egL P]gåf/f tf]lsPsf] cGo ;]jf

jf kb afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/sf c? ;a} ;]jf jf kbnfO{ lghfdtL ;]jf jf kb dflgg]5 .

-@_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] kbdf nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lagf

:yfoL lgo'lQm ul/g] 5}g .

-#_ b]xfosf ljifodf nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lng' kg]{5M–

-s_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] zt{ ;DaGwL sfg"gsf] ljifodf,

-v_ lghfdtL ;]jf jf kbdf lgo'lQm, a9'jf / ljefuLo sf/afxL ubf{

ckgfpg' kg]{ l;4fGtsf] ljifodf,

-u_ lghfdtL kbdf 5 dlxgfeGbf a9L ;dosf] nflu lgo'lQm ubf{

pDd]bjf/sf] pko'Qmtfsf] ljifodf,

-3_ s'g} Ps k|sf/sf] lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbaf6 csf]{ k|sf/sf] lghfdtL

;]jfsf] kbdf jf cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfaf6 lghfdtL ;]jfdf ;?jf jf

a9'jf ubf{ pDd]bjf/sf] pko'Qmtfsf] ljifodf,



52

-ª_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lng' gkg]{ cj:yfsf] kbdf axfn /x]sf]

sd{rf/LnfO{ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lng' kg]{ cj:yfsf] kbdf

:yfoL ;?jf jf a9'jf ug]{ ljifodf, /

-r_ s'g} klg lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{ lbOg] ljefuLo ;hfosf] ljifodf .

-$_ pkwf/f -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg wf/f !!$ adf]lhd Gofo

;]jf cfof]usf] clwsf/If]qleq kg{] ljifodf ;f]xL adf]lhd x'g]5 .

-%_ ;}lgs ;]jf, ;z:q k|x/L ;]jf jf k|x/L ;]jf jf cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] kbdf

lgo'lQm / a9'jf ubf{ ckgfpg' kg{] ;fdfGo l;4fGtsf] ljifodf nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{

lng' kg{]5 .

-^_ s'g} ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfsf] ;]jfsf sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf zt{ ;DaGwL k|rlnt

sfg"g / To:tf] ;]jfsf kbsf] lgo'lQm, a9'jf / ljefuLo sf/afxL ubf{ ckgfpg' kg{] ;fdfGo

l;4fGtsf] ljifodf nf]s ;]jf cfof]u;Fu To:tf] ;+:yfn] k/fdz{ lng rfx]df nf]s ;]jf

cfof]un] k/fdz{ lbg ;Sg]5 .

:ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0fMMMM o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu æ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfÆ eGgfn] krf; k|ltzt jf ;f]eGbf

a9L z]o/ jf hfoh]yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj jf lgoGq0f ePsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yfnfO{

hgfpg]5 .

-&_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] cfˆgf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ dWo] s'g} sfd, st{Jo /

clwsf/ cfˆgf] s'g} ;b:o jf ;b:ox¿sf] ;ldlt jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf]

zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL k|of]u tyf kfng ug]{ u/L ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 .

-*_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cGo sfd, st{Jo /

sfo{ljlw sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

!@&=!@&=!@&=!@&= jflif{s k|ltjflif{s k|ltjflif{s k|ltjflif{s k|ltj]bgj]bgj]bgj]bgMMMM -!_ k|To]s jif{ nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] cfk"mn] u/]sf] sfdsf] k|ltj]bg ✔/fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ug{]5 / ✔/fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t To:tf] k|ltj]bg Joj:yflksf–

;+;b ;dIf k]z ug]{ Joj:yf ug]{5 .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] k|ltj]bgdf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm nf]s

;]jf cfof]un] jif{e/Ldf pDd]bjf/ 5gf}6 ug{ lnPsf] k/LIffsf] ljj/0f, ;f] k/LIffdf pQL0f{

k/LIffyL{ ;DaGwL ljj/0f, ljleGg lgsfonfO{ k/fdz{ lbPsf] ljj/0f, lghfdtL sd{rf/LnfO{

ljefuLo sf/afxL / ;hfo ubf{ lbPsf] k/fdz{sf] ljj/0f / k/fdz{ adf]lhdsf] sfd eP

gePsf] ljj/0f, s'g} ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] kbsf] lgo'lQm, a9'jf / ljefuLo sf/afxL ubf{




53

ckgfpg' kg{] ;fdfGo l;4fGtsf] af/]df k/fdz{ lbPsf] eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f / eljiodf

lghfdtL ;]jfsf] ;'wf/sf] ljj/0f ;d]t pNn]v ug'{ kg{]5 .

efu !$efu !$efu !$efu !$

lgjf{rg cfof]ulgjf{rg cfof]ulgjf{rg cfof]ulgjf{rg cfof]u

!@*=!@*=!@*=!@*= lgjf{rg cflgjf{rg cflgjf{rg cflgjf{rg cfof]uof]uof]uof]uMMMM -!_ g]kfndf Ps lgjf{rg cfof]u x'g]5 h;df k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm

/ cGo rf/ hgf;Dd lgjf{rg cfo'Qmx¿ /xg]5g\ . k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qmsf cltl/Qm cGo

lgjf{rg cfo'Qm lgo'Qm ePdf k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qmn] lgjf{rg cfof]usf] cWoIf eO{ sfd

ug{]5 .

-@_ ✔/fi6«kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm /

lgjf{rg cfo'Qmsf] lgo'lQm ug{]5 .

-#_ pkwf/f -&_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+zsf] v08 -s_ sf] cwLgdf /xL k|d'v

lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / lgjf{rg cfo'Qmsf] kbfjlw lgo'lQm ePsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .

t/,

-s_ ;f] kbfjlw k"/f x'g' cufj} k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm jf lgjf{rg cfo'Qmsf]

pd]/ k};¶L jif{ k"/f ePdf lgh cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /xg] 5}g .

-v_ k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / lgjf{rg cfo'QmnfO{ ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf]

GofofwLz ;/x ;dfg cfwf/df / ;dfg tl/sfn] ;f] kbaf6 x6fpg

;lsg]5 .

-$_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / cfo'Qmsf] kb l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5M–


-v_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd lghsf] kbfjlw k"/f ePdf jf lgh cfˆgf] kbdf

g/x]df,


-%_ b]xfo adf]lhd geO{ s'g} JolQm k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / cfo'Qmsf] kbdf

lgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uo x'g] 5}gM–

-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dfGotf k|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gftsf]kflw k|fKt

u/]sf],


-u_ k}+tfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], / ✔ rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .



54


-^_ k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / cfo'Qmsf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿

sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5g\ . k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / cfo'Qm cfˆgf] kbdf axfn

/x];Dd lghx¿nfO{ dsf{ kg{] u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ ablng] 5}gg\ .

-&_ k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / lgjf{rg cfo'Qm eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L

;]jfdf lgo'Qm x'gsf] lgldQ u|fXo x'g]5}g .

t/,

-s_ lgjf{rg cfo'QmnfO{ k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qmdf lgo'Qm ug{ o; pkwf/fn]

jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g / ;f] adf]lhd s'g} cfo'Qm k|d'v cfo'Qmsf]

kbdf lgo'Qm ePdf lghsf] kbfjlwsf] u0fgf ubf{ cfo'Qm ePsf]

cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L u0fgf ul/g]5 .

-v_ s'g} /fhg}lts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf 5fglag

ug{] jf s'g} ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/;

k]z ug{] s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g}

s'/fn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .

!@(=!@(=!@(=!@(= lgjf{rg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/lgjf{rg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/lgjf{rg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/lgjf{rg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/MMMM -!_ of] ;+ljwfg / cGo sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL

;+ljwfg ;ef, wf/f !%& adf]lhd x'g] hgdt ;ª\u|x tyf :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rgsf]

;~rfng, /]vb]v, lgb{]zg / lgoGq0f lgjf{rg cfof]uaf6 x'g]5 . ;f] k|of]hgsf] nflu

dtbftfx¿sf] gfdfjnL tof/ ug{] sfo{ lgjf{rg cfof]un] ug{]5 .

-@_ ;+ljwfg ;ef ;b:osf] nflu pDd]bjf/Lsf] dgf]gog btf{ eO;s]sf] t/

lgjf{rg k"/f gx'Fb} s'g} pDd]bjf/ wf/f ^% cg';f/ cof]Uo 5 jf x'g uPsf] 5 eGg] k|Zg

p7]df To;sf] lg0f{o lgjf{rg cfof]un] ug]{5 .

-#_ lgjf{rg cfof]un] cfˆgf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ dWo] s'g} sfd, st{Jo /

clwsf/ k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm, lgjf{rg cfo'Qm jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf]

zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL k|of]u tyf kfng ug{ kfpg] u/L ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 .

-$_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL lgjf{rg cfof]usf cGo sfd, st{Jo /

clwsf/ tyf sfo{ljlw sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5g\ .

!#)=!#)=!#)=!#)= g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{ cfjZos sd{rf/L pknAw u/fpg' kg{]g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{ cfjZos sd{rf/L pknAw u/fpg' kg{]g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{ cfjZos sd{rf/L pknAw u/fpg' kg{]g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{ cfjZos sd{rf/L pknAw u/fpg' kg{]MMMM o; ;+ljwfg

adf]lhd lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{ cfˆgf] sfd k"/f ug{ cfjZos kg{] sd{rf/L / cGo s'/fx¿

g]kfn ;/sf/n] pknAw u/fpg]5 .



55

efu !%efu !%efu !%efu !%

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u

!#!=!#!=!#!=!#!= /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]uMMMM -!_ g]kfndf Ps /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u x'g]5 h;df

b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿ /xg]5g\M–

-s_ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{gsf] If]qdf ljlzi6 of]ubfg

k'¥ofPsf ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLz

kbaf6 ;]jf lgj[Q JolQm jf dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g

jf ;dfh;]jfsf If]qdf lqmofzLn /xL ljlzi6 of]ubfg

k'¥ofPsf Vofltk|fKt JolQmx¿ dWo]af6 – cWoIf

-v_ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+j4{g jf ;dfh;]jfsf If]qdf

lqmofzLn /xL ljlzi6 of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf Vofltk|fKt JolQmx¿

dWo]af6 rf/hgf – ;b:o

-@_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] lgo'lQm ubf{ dlxnf

;lxt ljljwtf sfod ug'{ kg{]5 .

-#_ ✔/fi6«kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/

cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf] lgo'lQm ug{]5 .

-$_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgo'lQm ePsf]

ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .

t/ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:onfO{ ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf]

GofofwLz ;/x ;dfg cfwf/df / ;dfg tl/sfn] ;f] kbaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 .

-%_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kb

l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5M–


-v_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd lghsf] kbfjlw k"/f ePdf jf lgh cfˆgf]

kbdf g/x]df,


-^_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf geO{ s'g} JolQm /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf]

cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kbdf lgo'lQm x'g of]Uo x'g] 5}gM–

✔ rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ✔ rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .



56

-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dfGotf k|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gftsf]kflw xfl;n

u/]sf],

-v_ pRr g}lts rl/q sfod ePsf] .

-&_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo

zt{x¿ sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 . /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf /

;b:o cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /x];Dd lghx¿nfO{ dsf{ kg{] u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{x¿

ablng] 5}gg\ .

-*_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo

;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'Qm x'gsf] nflu u|fXo x'g] 5}g .

t/ s'g} /fhg}lts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf 5fglag ug{] jf

To:tf] ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/; k]z ug{] s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm

eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .

!#@=!#@=!#@=!#@= /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf//fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf//fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf//fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ MMMM -!_ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg,

;+/If0f / ;+j4{g tyf To;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{GjognfO{ ;'lglZrt ug'{ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/

cfof]usf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df plNnlvt st{Jo k"/f ug{sf] nflu /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/

cfof]un] b]xfosf sfd ug{]5M–

-s_ s'g} JolQm jf ;d"xsf] dfgj clwsf/ pNnª\3g jf To;sf] b'?T;fxg

ePsf]df kLl8t JolQm cfkm }+ jf lghsf] tkm {af6 s;}n] cfof]u ;dIf

k|:t't jf k|]lift u/]sf] lgj]bg jf ph'/L jf s'g} ;|f]taf6 cfof]unfO{

k|fKt ePsf] hfgsf/L jf cfof]usf] cfˆg} :jljj]sdf To;sf] 5fglag

tyf cg';Gwfg u/L bf]ifL pk/ sf/afxL ug{ l;kmfl/; ug{],

-v_ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNnª\3g x'gaf6 /f]Sg] lhDd]jf/L jf st{Jo ePsf]

kbflwsf/Ln] cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f gu/]df jf st{Jo kfng gu/]df jf

lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ jf st{Jo kfngf ug{ pbfl;gtf b]vfPdf To:tf]

kbflwsf/L pk/ ljefuLo sf/afxL ug{ ;DalGwt clwsf/L ;dIf

l;kmfl/; ug{],

-u_ dfgj clwsf/ pNnª\3g ug{] JolQmsf lj?4 d'2f rnfpg' kg{]

cfjZostf ePdf sfg"g adf]lhd cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ug{ l;kmfl/;

ug{],



57

-3_ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;r]tgf clej[l4 ug{ gful/s ;dfh;Fu ;dGjo /

;xsfo{ ug{],

-ª_ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNnª\3gstf{nfO{ ljefuLo sf/afxL tyf ;hfo ug{

sf/0f / cfwf/ v'nfO{ ;DalGwt lgsfo ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug]{,

-r_ dfgj clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cfjlws ¿kdf

k'g/fjnf]sg ug{] tyf To;df ug'{ kg{] ;'wf/ tyf ;+zf]wgsf ;DaGwdf

g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug{],

-5_ dfgj clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] g]kfn kIf

aGg' kg{] ePdf To;sf] sf/0f;lxt g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{] /

kIf alg;s]sf ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog eP jf gePsf] cg'udg

u/L sfof{Gjog gePsf] kfOPdf ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/

;dIf l;kmfl/; ug{],

-h_ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNnª\3gsf ;DaGwdf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un]

u/]sf] l;kmfl/; jf lgb{]zg kfngf jf sfof{Gjog gug{] kbflwsf/L, JolQm

jf lgsfosf] gfd sfg"g adf]lhd ;fj{hlgs u/L dfgj clwsf/

pNnª\3gstf{sf] ¿kdf clen]v ug{] .

-#_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] cfˆgf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ubf{ jf st{Jo kfngf ubf{

b]xfosf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5M–

-s_ s'g} JolQmnfO{ cfof]u ;dIf pkl:yt u/fO{ hfgsf/L jf aofg lng] jf

askq u/fpg], k|df0f a'‰g], bzL k|df0f bflvnf ug{ nufpg] ;DaGwdf

cbfntnfO{ eP ;/xsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{],

-v_ dfgj clwsf/sf] uDeL/ pNnª\3g x'g nfu]sf] jf eO;s]sf] ;"rgf

cfof]un] s'g} lsl;daf6 k|fKt u/]df s'g} JolQm jf lghsf] cfjf; jf

sfof{nodf ljgf ;"rgf k|j]z ug{], vfgtnf;L lng] tyf To;/L

vfgtnf;L ln+bf dfgj clwsf/sf] pNnª\3g;Fu ;DalGwt lnvt, k|df0f

jf ;a'b sAhfdf lng],

-u_ s'g} JolQmsf] dfgj clwsf/ pNnª\3g eO/x]sf] s'/f hfgsf/L eO{

tTsfn sf/afxL ug{' kg{] cfjZos b]lvPdf lagf ;"rgf ;/sf/L

sfof{no jf cGo 7fpFdf k|j]z ug{] / p4f/ ug{],

-3_ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNnª\3gaf6 kLl8t ePsf] JolQmnfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd

Ifltk"lt{ lbg cfb]z lbg],



58

-ª_ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd cGo clwsf/sf] k|of]u / st{Josf] kfngf

ug{] jf u/fpg] .

-$_ o; wf/fdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;}lgs P]gsf] If]qflwsf/sf]

ljifodf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]unfO{ If]qflwsf/ x'g] 5}g .

t/ dfgj clwsf/ jf dfgjLo sfg"gsf] pNnª\3g ePsf] ljifodf sf/afxL rnfpg

jfwf kg]{ 5}g .

!##=!##=!##=!##= jflif{s k|ltj]bgjflif{s k|ltj]bgjflif{s k|ltj]bgjflif{s k|ltj]bg MMMM -!_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] cfk"mn] u/]sf]

sfdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg ✔/fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ug{]5 / ✔/fi6«kltn] k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t To:tf]

k|ltj]bg Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf k]z ug]{ Joj:yf ug{]5 .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] k|ltj]bgdf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm /fli6«o dfgj

clwsf/ cfof]udf jif{e/L k/]sf ph'/L, To:tf] ph'/Lsf] ;DaGwdf u/]sf] 5fglag /

cg';Gwfgsf] ljj/0f, g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ljleGg ljifodf u/]sf] l;kmfl/;sf] ljj/0f, dfgj

clwsf/ pNnª\3g ug{] JolQm lj?4 s'g} d'2f bfo/ u/]sf] eP ;f]sf] ;+Vof, dfgj clwsf/sf]

;+/If0f / k|jw{gsf ;DaGwdf eljiodf ug'{ kg{] ;'wf/sf] ljj/0f pNn]v ug'{ kg{]5 .

efu !êfu !êfu !êfu !^

dxfGofoflwjQmfdxfGofoflwjQmfdxfGofoflwjQmfdxfGofoflwjQmf

!#$=!#$=!#$=!#$= dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] lgo'lQmdxfGofoflwjQmfsf] lgo'lQmdxfGofoflwjQmfsf] lgo'lQmdxfGofoflwjQmfsf] lgo'lQm MMMM -!_ g]kfndf Ps dxfGofoflwjQmf /xg]5 h;sf] lgo'lQm ✔k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltaf6 x'g]5 . dxfGofoflwjQmf k|wfgdGqLsf] OR5fg';f/sf]

cjlw;Dd cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /xg]5 .

-@_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz x'g ;Sg] of]Uotf geO{ s'g} klg JolQm

dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uo dflgg] 5}g .

-#_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] kb l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5M–

-s_ lghn] ✔k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t /fi6«klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,

-v_ ✔k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltaf6 lghnfO{ kbd'Qm ul/Pdf,


-$_ dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] kfl/>lds tyf cGo ;'ljwf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf]

GofofwLz ;/x x'g]5 . dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP

adf]lhd x'g]5g\ .




59

!#%=!#%=!#%=!#%= dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ MMMM -!_ dxfGofoflwjQmf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo

sfg"gL ;Nnfxsf/ x'g]5 . ;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg"gL ljifodf g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]kfn ;/sf/n]

tf]lslbPsf] cGo clwsf/LnfO{ /fo ;Nnfx lbg' lghsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] xs, lxt jf ;/f]sf/ lglxt /x]sf] d'2fdf dxfGofoflwjQmf

jf lghsf] dftxtsf clws[tx¿af6 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|ltlglwTj ul/g]5 . o; ;+ljwfgdf

cGoyf n]lvPb]lv afx]s s'g} cbfnt jf Goflos clwsf/L ;dIf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6

d'2f rnfpg] jf grnfpg] eGg] s'/fsf] clGtd lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ dxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{

x'g]5 .

-#_ pkwf/f -@_ sf] cwLgdf /xL dxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{ cfˆgf] st{Jo kfng ubf{

b]xfosf sfd ug{] clwsf/ x'g]5M–

-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL jf k|ltjfbL eO{ bfo/ ePsf d'2f dfldnfdf g]kfn

;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 k|lt/Iff ug]{,

-v_ d'2f dfldnfsf /f]xdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] u/]sf] sfg"gsf] JofVof jf

k|ltkfbg u/]sf] sfg"gL l;4fGtsf] sfof{Gjog eP jf gePsf] cg'udg

ug]{ u/fpg],

-u_ lx/f;tdf /x]sf] JolQmnfO{ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL dfgjf]lrt

Jojxf/ gu/]sf] jf To:tf] JolQmnfO{{ cfkmGt;Fu jf sfg"g Joj;foL

dfkm{t e]63f6 ug{ glbPsf] eGg] ph'/L k/]df jf hfgsf/L x'g cfPdf

5fglag u/L To:tf] x'gaf6 /f]Sg ;DalGwt clwsf/LnfO{ cfjZos

lgb{]zg lbg] .

-$_ o; wf/fdf n]lvPsf sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf] cltl/Qm dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] cGo

sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ of] ;+ljwfg / cGo sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

-%_ cfˆgf] kbLo st{Josf] kfngf ubf{ dxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{ g]kfnsf] h'g;'s} cbfnt,

sfof{no / kbflwsf/L ;dIf pkl:yt x'g] clwsf/ x'g]5 .

-^_ dxfGofoflwjQmfn] of] wf/f adf]lhd cfˆgf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tf]lsPsf]

zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL k|of]u / kfng ug]{ u/L dftxtsf clws[tnfO{ ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 .

!#^=!#^=!#^=!#^= jflif{s k|ltj]bgjflif{s k|ltj]bgjflif{s k|ltj]bgjflif{s k|ltj]bg MMMM -!_ dxfGofoflwjQmfn] k|To]s jif{ of] ;+ljwfg / cGo sfg"g adf]lhd cfk"mn]

;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L ✔/fi6«klt ;dIf k]z ug]{5 / ✔/fi6«kltn]

k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t To:tf] k|ltj]bg Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf k]z ug]{ Joj:yf ug]{5 .




60

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] k|ltj]bgdf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm

dxfGofoflwjQmfn] jif{e/Ldf ;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg"gL ljifodf lbPsf] /fo ;Nnfxsf] ;+Vof,

;/sf/ jfbL eO{ rn]sf d'2f ;DaGwL ljj/0f, g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL jf k|ltjfbL eO{ bfo/

ePsf d'2f dfldnfdf k|lt/Iff u/]sf] ljj/0f, ck/fw ;DaGwL ljj/0f tyf ;/sf/ jfbL eO{

rNg] d'2fdf eljiodf ul/g' kg{] ;'wf/sf] ljj/0f pNn]v ug'{ kg{]5 .

!#&=!#&=!#&=!#&= Joj:yflksfJoj:yflksfJoj:yflksfJoj:yflksf––––;+;bdf pkl:yt x'g kfpg];+;bdf pkl:yt x'g kfpg];+;bdf pkl:yt x'g kfpg];+;bdf pkl:yt x'g kfpg]MMMM dxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{ Joj:yflksf–;+;b, ;+ljwfg

;ef jf To;sf] s'g} ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt eO{ s'g} sfg"gL k|Zgsf] ;DaGwdf /fo JoQm

ug{] clwsf/ x'g]5 .

t/ dt lbg] clwsf/ eg] x'g] 5}g .

efu !&efu !&efu !&efu !&

/fHosf] 9fFrf / :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g/fHosf] 9fFrf / :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g/fHosf] 9fFrf / :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g/fHosf] 9fFrf / :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g

!#*=!#*=!#*=!#*= /fHosf] cu|ufdL k'g;{+/rgfM/fHosf] cu|ufdL k'g;{+/rgfM/fHosf] cu|ufdL k'g;{+/rgfM/fHosf] cu|ufdL k'g;{+/rgfM -!_ juL{o, hftLo, eflifs, n}lËs, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s / If]qLo

e]befjsf] cGTo ug{ /fHosf] s]Gb|Ls[t / PsfTds 9fFrfsf] cGTo u/L /fHosf] ;dfj]zL,

�nf]stflGqs ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL ;lxtsf] cu|ufdL k'g;{+/rgf ul/g]5 . ❒-!s_ dw]zL hgtf nufot cflbjf;L hghflt / lk5l8Psf tyf cGo If]qsf

hgtfsf] :jfoQ k|b]zsf] rfxgfnfO{ :jLsf/ u/L g]kfn ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds

/fHo x'g]5 . k|b]zx? :jfoQ / clwsf/;DkGg x'g]5g\ . g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}ldstf, Pstf /

cv08tfnfO{ cIf'00f /fVb} :jfoQ k|b]zx?sf] ;Ldf, ;+Vof, gfd / ;+/rgfsf cltl/Qm s]Gb |

/ k|b]zsf] ;"rLx?sf] k"0f{ ljj/0f, ;fwg–;|f]t / clwsf/sf] af“f8kmf “8 ;+ljwfg ;efaf6

lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 .

-@_ ▲pkwf/f -!_ / -!s_ adf]lhd /fHosf] k'g;+{/rgf ug{sf] nflu ;'emfj lbg Ps

pRr:t/Lo cfof]usf] u7g ul/g]5 . To:tf] cfof]usf] u7g, sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ / ;]jfsf

zt{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

-#_ �/fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf tyf ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnLsf] :j?k ;DaGwL ljifosf]

clGtd 6'Ëf] ;+ljwfg ;efn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

!#(=!#(=!#(=!#(= :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;gsf] Joj:yf:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;gsf] Joj:yf:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;gsf] Joj:yf:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;gsf] Joj:yfMMMM -!_ :yfgLo :t/b]lv g} hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf]

k|of]u ug{] cg's"n jftfj/0f agfO{ d'n'ssf] zf;g Joj:yfdf hgtfsf] a9LeGbf a9L

� klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ❒ kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . ▲ kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .



61

;xeflutf k|jw{g ug{ / hgtfnfO{ :yfgLo :t/df g} ;]jf pknAw u/fpg tyf

nf]stGqsf] :yfgLo :t/b]lv g} ;+:yfut ljsf; ug{ ljs]Gb|Ls/0f tyf clwsf/sf]

lgIf]k0fsf cfwf/df :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g ;DaGwL ▲lgsfosf] lgjf{rg ul/g]5 . ▲-@_ :yfgLo lgsfosf] lgjf{rg geP;Ddsf nflu :yfgLo txdf lqmofzLn

/fhg}lts b/x?sf] ;xdlt / ;xeflutfsf cfwf/df g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f lhNnf, gu/ / ufp “

:t/df cGtl/d :yfgLo lgsfo u7g ul/g]5 .

:ki6Ls/0f M o; pkwf/fsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu æ:yfgLo txdf lqmofzLn

/fhg}lts bnÆ eGgfn] ;+ljwfg ;efdf k|ltlglwTj ePsf / ;f] ;efsf] lgjf{rgdf klxnf] x'g ]

lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL cGtu{t ;DalGwt lhNnfdf pDd]bjf/L lbPsf /fhg}lts bnnfO{

;Demg' k5{ .

-#_ :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g ;DaGwL lgsfosf] ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgf, To;sf]

:j¿k / k|fb]lzs Onfsf tyf u7g ljlw sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

!$)=!$)=!$)=!$)= /fhZj kl/rfng / Joj:yf/fhZj kl/rfng / Joj:yf/fhZj kl/rfng / Joj:yf/fhZj kl/rfng / Joj:yfMMMM -!_ :yfgLo ljsf;sf] nflu :jfoQ zf;g ;DaGwL lgsfonfO{

;Ifd agfpg ;fwg / ;|f]tsf] kl/rfng, ljlgof]hg / ljsf;sf] k|ltkmnsf] ;Gt'lnt tyf

Gofof]lrt ljt/0fdf ;dfgtf sfod /fvL :yfgLo :t/sf of]hgfsf] klxrfg, th'{df /

sfof{Gjogdf ;DalGwt :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g ;DaGwL lgsfonfO{ g} hjfkmb]xL agfpg

sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/ / :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g ;DaGwL lgsfo aLr

lhDd]jf/L / /fhZj kl/rfng tyf afF8kmfF8 x'g]5 .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd /fhZj kl/rfng / afF8kmFf8 ubf{ d'n'ssf] ;Gt'lnt /

;dfg ljsf; x'g] u/L ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s b[li6sf]0faf6 lk5l8Psf ju{ tyf ;d'bfosf]

;du| pTyfgsf nflu ljz]if Wofg lbg' kg{]5 .

efu !*efu !*efu !*efu !*

/fhg}lts bnx?/fhg}lts bnx?/fhg}lts bnx?/fhg}lts bnx?

!$!=!$!=!$!=!$!= /fhg}lts bnnfO{ k|ltaGw nufpg aGb]h/fhg}lts bnnfO{ k|ltaGw nufpg aGb]h/fhg}lts bnnfO{ k|ltaGw nufpg aGb]h/fhg}lts bnnfO{ k|ltaGw nufpg aGb]h MMMM -!_ ;dfg /fhg}lts ljrf/wf/f, bz{g /

sfo{qmddf k|lta4 JolQmx¿n] wf/f !@ sf] pkwf/f -#_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+z -#_ cGtu{t

ag]sf] sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL cfˆgf] OR5fg';f/ /fhg}lts bn vf]Ng, ;~rfng ug{ / ;f] sf]

ljrf/wf/f, bz{g / sfo{qmdk|lt hg;fwf/0fsf] ;dy{g / ;xof]u k|fKt ug{sf] nflu To;sf]

k|rf/ / k|;f/ ug{, u/fpg jf ;f] k|of]hgsf nflu cGo s'g} sfd ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . To:tf] s'g}

sfo{df s'g} k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L agfOPsf] sfg"g jf ul/Psf] s'g} Joj:yf jf lg0f{o of]

;+ljwfgsf] k|lts"n dflgg] / :jtM cdfGo x'g]5 .



62

-@_ s'g} Pp6} /fhg}lts bn jf Ps} lsl;dsf] /fhg}lts ljrf/wf/f, bz{g jf

sfo{qmd ePsf JolQmx¿n] dfq lgjf{rg, b]zsf] /fhg}lts k|0ffnL jf /fHo Joj:yf

;~rfngdf efu lng kfpg] jf ;lDdlnt x'g kfpg] u/L agfPsf] sfg"g, ul/Psf] s'g }

Joj:yf jf lg0f{o o; ;+ljwfg k|lts"n / :jtM cdfGo x'g]5 .

-#_ of] ;+ljwfgsf] k|:tfjgfsf] d"n efjgf / dd{ k|lts"n p2]Zo /fv]sf kf6L{x¿

bn btf{sf] lglDt of]Uo dflgg] 5}gg\ .

!$@=!$@=!$@=!$@= /fhg}lts bnsf] ¿kdf lgjf{rgsf] nflu dfGotf k|fKt ug{ btf{ u/fpg' kg{]/fhg}lts bnsf] ¿kdf lgjf{rgsf] nflu dfGotf k|fKt ug{ btf{ u/fpg' kg{]/fhg}lts bnsf] ¿kdf lgjf{rgsf] nflu dfGotf k|fKt ug{ btf{ u/fpg' kg{]/fhg}lts bnsf] ¿kdf lgjf{rgsf] nflu dfGotf k|fKt ug{ btf{ u/fpg' kg{]MMMM -!_ lgjf{rgsf]

k|of]hgsf] nflu lgjf{rg cfof]uaf6 dfGotf k|fKt ug{ rfxg] k|To]s /fhg}lts bnn] lgjf{rg

cfof]uåf/f lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L lgjf{rg cfof]udf btf{ u/fpg' kg{]5 . o;

cg';f/ btf{ gug]{ /fhg}lts bnx¿sf] gfd lgjf{rg cfof]usf] ;"rLaf6 x6fOg]5 .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd btf{sf] nflu lgj]bg ubf{ k|:tfj btf{ ug{ ul/Psf]

/fhg}lts bnsf] ljwfg, 3f]if0ffkq / lgodfjnL k]z u/L cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm b]xfosf]

ljj/0f v'nfpg' kg{]5M–

-s_ /fhg}lts bnsf] gfd / To;sf] k|wfg sfof{no /xg] 7]ufgf,

-v_ /fhg}lts bnsf] sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldlt jf ;f] ;/xsf] ;ldltsf ;b:o tyf

cGo kbflwsf/Lsf] gfd / 7]ufgf,

-u_ /fhg}lts bnsf] cfo;|f]tsf] sf]if / ;f] h'6fpg] ;|f]tsf] ljj/0f .

-#_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd btf{sf] nflu lgj]bg lb+bf s'g} klg /fhg}lts bnn]

b]xfosf zt{x¿ k"/f u/]sf] x'g' kg{]5M–

-s_ /fhg}lts bnsf] ljwfg / lgodfjnL nf]stflGqs x'g' k5{,

-v_ /fhg}lts bnsf] ljwfg jf lgodfjnLdf sDtLdf kfFr jif{df Ps

k6s ;f] bnsf k|To]s txsf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] lgjf{rg x'g] Joj:yf

x'g' k5{,

-u_ ljleGg :t/sf sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltdf dlxnf, blnt nufot pk]lIft

/ pTkLl8t If]qsf ;b:ox¿ ;d]t /xg] ;dfj]zL Joj:yf ul/Psf]

x'g' k5{,

-3_ bnsf] ljwfgdf bnsf ;b:ox¿nfO{ cg'zfl;t t'Nofpg] k|efjsf/L

Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'g' k5{ .

-$_ s'g} /fhg}lts bnsf] ;b:otf k|fKt ug{ s]jn wd{, hft, hflt,

efiff jf lnËsf] cfwf/df g]kfnL gful/s pk/ e]befjk"0f{ aGb]h nufOPsf] jf s'g} /fhg}lts

;+u7g jf bnsf] gfd, p2]Zo, lrGx jf em08f d'n'ssf] wfld{s jf ;fDk|bflos PstfnfO{



63

vnn kfg{] jf d'n'snfO{ ljvl08t ug{] k|s[ltsf] jf To:tf] bnsf] ljwfg jf lgodfjnLdf

lgb{nLo jf PsbnLo Joj:yfsf] ;+j4{g / ;+/If0f ug]{ p2]Zo /x]5 eg] lgjf{rg cfof]un]

To:tf] ;+u7g jf bnnfO{ btf{ ug{] 5}g .

-%_ lgjf{rgsf] lglDt bn btf{ ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu sDtLdf b; xhf/

dtbftfx¿sf] ;dy{g ;lxtsf] x:tfIf/o'Qm lgj]bg cfjZos kg]{5 .

t/ cGtl/d Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ bnx¿sf] xsdf of] k|fjwfg

nfu" x'g] 5}g .

-^_ o; efudf n]lvPb]lv afx]s /fhg}lts bnsf] :yfkgf, btf{, dfGotf tyf

cGo s'/fx¿ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

efu !(efu !(efu !(efu !(

;;;;+s6sfnLg clwsf/+s6sfnLg clwsf/+s6sfnLg clwsf/+s6sfnLg clwsf/

!$#=!$#=!$#=!$#= ;+s6sfnLg clwsf/;+s6sfnLg clwsf/;+s6sfnLg clwsf/;+s6sfnLg clwsf/ M M M M -!_ g]kfn /fHosf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, cv08tf jf s'g} efusf] ;'/Iffdf o'4,

afXo cfqmd0f, ;z:q ljb|f]x jf r/d cfly{s lj>[ª\vntfsf] sf/0fn]] uDeL/ ;Í6 pTkGg

ePdf g]kfn ;/sf/, ✔dlGqkl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltn] g]kfn /fHoe/ jf s'g} vf;

If]qdf nfu" x'g] u/L ;Í6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff ug{ jf cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ul/Psf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z ;f] cfb]z ePsf] ldltn] Ps

dlxgfleq cg'df]bgsf] nflu Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] a}7sdf k]z ul/g]5 .

-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd cg'df]bgsf] nflu k]z ePsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z

Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt ;b:ox¿sf] b'O{–ltxfO ax'dtn] cg'df]bg u/]df

3f]if0ff jf cfb]z ePsf] ldltn] tLg dlxgf;Dd nfu" /xg]5 .

-$_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf]] a}7sdf cg'df]bgsf] nflu k]z

ePsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd cg'df]bg gePdf ;f] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z :jtM

lgliqmo ePsf] dflgg]5 .

-%_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] cj:yf cem} ljBdfg 5 egL pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhdsf] Dofb

e'Qmfg gx'Fb} Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt ;b:ox¿sf] b'O{–ltxfO ax'dtn]

k|:tfjåf/f lg0f{o u/L csf{] Ps k6s tLg dlxgfdf ga9fO{ ;f] k|:tfjdf tf]lsPsf] cjlwsf]

nflu ;Í6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]zsf] Dofb a9fpg ;Sg]5 .

-^_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ;Í6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z ePkl5 To:tf]

cj:yfsf] lgjf/0f ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/, ✔dlGqkl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltn] cfjZos cfb]z




64

hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 . To;/L hf/L ePsf] cfb]z ;Í6sfnLg cj:yf axfn /x];Dd sfg"g ;/x

nfu" x'g]5 .

-&_ ✔/fi6«kltaf6 pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ;Í6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z

ul/+bf ;f] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z axfn /x];Ddsf] nflu efu # df Joj:yf ePsf df}lns xs

lgnDag ug{ ;lsg]5 .

t/ wf/f !@ sf] pkwf/f -!_, -@_ / pkwf/f -#_ sf] v08 -u_ / -3_, wf/f !# /

!$, wf/f !% sf] pkwf/f -@_ / -#_, wf/f !^, !&, !*, @), @!, @@, @#, @$, @^, @(, #) /

#! tyf To:tf wf/f;Fu ;DalGwt wf/f #@ adf]lhd ;+j}wflgs pkrf/sf] xs / aGbL

k|ToIfLs/0fsf] pkrf/ k|fKt ug{] xs lgnDag ul/g] 5}g .

-*_ pkwf/f -&_ adf]lhd o; ;+ljwfgsf] s'g} wf/f lgnDag ul/Psf]df ;f]

wf/fn] k|bfg u/]sf] df}lns xssf] k|rngsf] nflu s'g} cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg jf To;

;DaGwdf s'g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg ;lsg] 5}g .

-(_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z axfn /x]sf] cj:yfdf s'g}

kbflwsf/Ln] sfg"g ljk/Lt jf ablgot;fy s'g} sfd u/]af6 s;}nfO{ s'g} k|sf/sf] Iflt

ePsf] /x]5 eg] lghn] ;f] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z ;dfKt ePsf] ldltn] tLg dlxgfleq cfk"mnfO{

k/]sf] Iflt jfkt Ifltk"lt{sf] bfaL ug{ ;Sg]5 / bfaL dgfl;a 7x/fPdf cbfntn] plrt

Ifltk"lt{ e/fOlbg ;Sg]5 .

-!)_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ul/Psf] ;Í6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z

g]kfn ;/sf/, ✔dlGqkl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltaf6 ;f] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z axfn /x];Dd

h'g;'s} avt klg lkmtf{ lng ;lsg]5 .

efu @)efu @)efu @)efu @)

;]gf;DaGwL Joj:yf;]gf;DaGwL Joj:yf;]gf;DaGwL Joj:yf;]gf;DaGwL Joj:yf

!$$=!$$=!$$=!$$= g]kfnL ;]gfsf] u7gg]kfnL ;]gfsf] u7gg]kfnL ;]gfsf] u7gg]kfnL ;]gfsf] u7g MMMM -!_ g]kfndf g]kfnL ;]gfsf] Ps ;+u7g /xg]5 .

-!s_ /fi6«klt g]kfnL ;]gfsf] ;jf]{Rr k/dflwklt x'g]5 .

-@_ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] k|wfg ;]gfkltsf] lgo'lQm ✔dlGqkl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df

/fi6«kltn] ug]{5 .

-#_ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] lgoGq0f, kl/rfng / Joj:yfkg sfg"g adf]lhd ✔dlGqkl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltn] ug]{5 . dlGqkl/ifb\n] /fhg}lts ;xdlt /

rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk ✔ rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .



65

Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;DalGwt ;ldltsf] ;'emfj lnO{ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] nf]stflGqs/0fsf] lj:t[t

sfo{of]hgf th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{5 .

-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd sfo{of]hgf th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog ubf{ g]kfnL ;]gfsf]

pko'Qm ;ª\Vof, nf]stflGqs ;+/rgf / /fli6«o / ;dfj]zL rl/q lgdf{0f u/L nf]stGq / dfgj

clwsf/sf] d"Noåf/f ;]gfnfO{ k|lzlIft ug]{ sfd ul/g]5 . ❒-$s_ g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ /fli6«o :j?k k|bfg ug{ / ;dfj]zL agfpg dw]zL,

cflbjf;L hghflt, blnt, dlxnf, lk5l8Psf If]q nufotsf hgtfsf] k|j]z ;dfgtf /

;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df sfg"gdf Joj:yf u/L ;'lglZrt ul/g]5 .

-%_ g]kfnL ;]gf ;DaGwL cGo s'/fx¿ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd

x'g]5 .

!$%=!$%=!$%=!$%= /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb/fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb/fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb/fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\\ \\ \\ \\MMMM -!_ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] kl/rfng, ;~rfng / k|of]u ug{sf] nflu

dlGqkl/ifb\nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{ g]kfndf Ps /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\\ /xg]5 h;df b]xfo

adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿ /xg]5g\ M–

-s_ k|wfgdGqL – cWoIf

-v_ /Iff dGqL – ;b:o

-u_ u[x dGqL – ;b:o ▲-3_dlGqkl/ifb\df /x]sf /fhg}lts b/x?dWo]

km/s–km/s bnsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L k|wfgdGqLn]

tf]s]sf tLghgf dGqL – ;b:o

t/ dlGqkl/ifb\df tLgeGbf sd /fhg}lts bnsf] k|ltlglwTj ePsf] cj:yfdf

;f]eGbf sd /fhg}lts bnsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ u/L tf]Sg afwf k'u]sf] dflgg] 5}g .Æ

-@_ k|wfgdGqL / /Iff dGqL Ps} JolQm /x]sf] cj:yfdf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] jl/i7td

;b:o /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\\sf] ;b:o x'g]5 .

-#_ /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\\n] cfˆgf] a}7sdf cfjZostf cg';f/ cGo JolQmnfO{

a}7sdf cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-$_ /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\\sf] ;lrjsf] sfd /Iff dGqfnosf] ;lrjn] ug{]5 / lghsf]

cg'kl:yltdf k|wfgdGqLn] tf]s]sf] clws[tn] ug{]5 .

❒ kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . ▲ kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .



66

-%_ k|fs[lts ljkt k/]sf] sf/0fn] g]kfnL ;]gf kl/rfng ePsf]df afx]s ;]gf

kl/rfng ;DaGwL g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\\af6 ePsf] lg0f{o Ps dlxgfleq Joj:yflksf–

;+;bn] tf]s]sf] ljz]if ;ldltdf k|:t't eO{ cg'df]bg x'g' kg]{5 .

-^_ /fli6«o ;'/Iff kl/ifb\\n] cfˆgf] sfo{ljlw cfkm}+ Jojl:yt ug{ ;Sg]5 .

!$^=!$^=!$^=!$^= n8fs'x¿sf] ;ªn8fs'x¿sf] ;ªn8fs'x¿sf] ;ªn8fs'x¿sf] ;ª\\ \\qmd0fsfnLg Joj:yfqmd0fsfnLg Joj:yfqmd0fsfnLg Joj:yfqmd0fsfnLg Joj:yf M M M M dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf] /]vb]v, ;dfof]hg /

k'g:yf{kgfsf lglDt ▲;+ljwfg ;efdf k|ltlglwTj u/]sf k|d'v /fhg}lts bnx?sf] k|ltlglwTj

x'g] u/L dlGqkl/ifb\n] ljz]if ;ldlt agfpg]5 / To:tf] ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/

dlGqkl/ifb\n] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

!$&=!$&=!$&=!$&= Joj:yfkg / cg'udgJoj:yfkg / cg'udgJoj:yfkg / cg'udgJoj:yfkg / cg'udg M M M M ;]gf / xltof/ Joj:yfkg / cg'udg ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf g]kfn

;/sf/ / g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr ;DkGg @)^# ;fn dª\l;/ % ut]sf] …lj:t[t zflGt

;Demf}tfÚ / @)^# ;fn dª\l;/ @@ ut]sf] …;]gf / xltof/ Joj:yfkgsf] cg'udg ;DaGwL

;Demf}tfÚ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

efu @!efu @!efu @!efu @!

;+lj;+lj;+lj;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgwfg ;+zf]wgwfg ;+zf]wgwfg ;+zf]wg

!$*=!$*=!$*=!$*= ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgMMMM -!_ ;+ljwfgsf] s'g} wf/fnfO{ ;+zf]wg jf vf/]h ug]{ ljw]os

Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf k|:t't ug{ ;lsg]5 .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] ljw]os Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf tTsfn sfod

/x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO{ ;b:ox¿sf] ax'dtaf6 :jLs[t ePdf ljw]os

kfl/t ePsf] dflgg]5 .

efu @@efu @@efu @@efu @@

ljljwljljwljljwljljw

!$(=!$(=!$(=!$(= ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb;+j}wflgs kl/ifb;+j}wflgs kl/ifb;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\\ \\ \\ \\MMMM -!_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] lgo'lQmsf]

l;kmfl/; ug{ Pp6f ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\\ x'g]5 h;df b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿

/xg]5g\ M–

-s_ k|wfgdGqL –cWoIf

-v_ k|wfg GofofwLz –;b:o

-u_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] ;efd'v –;b:o ▲-3_ dlGqkl/ifb\df /x]sf /fhg}lts bnx?dWo]

▲ kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ▲ kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .



67

km/s–km/s bnsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L

k|wfgdGqLn] tf]s]sf tLghgf dGqL – ;b:o

t/ dlGqkl/ifb\df tLgeGbf sd /fhg}lts bnsf] k|ltlglwTj ePsf]

cj:yfdf ;f]eGbf sd /fhg}lts bnsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ u/L tf]Sg afwf

k'u]sf] dflgg] 5}g .Æ ❒-ª_ Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf ljkIfL bnsf g]tf – ;b:o

-@_ k|wfg GofofwLzsf] kb l/Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf k|wfg GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQmsf]

l;kmfl/; ubf{ ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\\df Gofo dGqL ;b:osf] ¿kdf /xg]5 .

-#_ ;+j}wflgs cËsf kbflwsf/Lsf] lgo'lQm ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw, ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\\sf]

cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tyf sfo{ljlw sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

-$_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo ;lrjn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf] ;lrj eO{ sfd ug{]5 .

!%)=!%)=!%)=!%)= g]kfnL /fhb"t / ljz]if k|ltlglwg]kfnL /fhb"t / ljz]if k|ltlglwg]kfnL /fhb"t / ljz]if k|ltlglwg]kfnL /fhb"t / ljz]if k|ltlglwMMMM ✔dlGqkl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltn] g]kfnL /fhb"t / s'g}

vf; k|of]hgsf] nflu ljz]if k|ltlglw lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .

!%!=!%!=!%!=!%!= dfkmLMdfkmLMdfkmLMdfkmLM ✔dlGqkl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltn] h'g;'s} cbfnt, ljz]if cbfnt, ;}lgs cbfnt

jf cGo s'g} Goflos, cw{ Goflos jf k|zf;sLo kbflwsf/L jf lgsfon] u/]sf] ;hfonfO{

dfkmL, d'ntjL, kl/jt{g jf sd ug{ ;Sg]5 .

!%@=!%@=!%@=!%@= pkflw, ;Ddfg / lje"if0fMpkflw, ;Ddfg / lje"if0fMpkflw, ;Ddfg / lje"if0fMpkflw, ;Ddfg / lje"if0fM -!_ ✔dlGqkl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6«kltaf6 /fHosf tkm{af6

lbOg] pkflw, ;Ddfg / lje"if0fx¿ k|bfg x'g]5g\ .

-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[lt k|fKt gu/L g]kfnsf] s'g} gful/sn] s'g} ljb]zL

d'n'ssf] ;/sf/af6 k|bfg ul/g] pkflw, ;Ddfg jf lje"if0f u|x0f ug{ x'Fb}g .

!%#=!%#=!%#=!%#= ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] u7gM;/sf/L ;]jfsf] u7gM;/sf/L ;]jfsf] u7gM;/sf/L ;]jfsf] u7gM g]kfn ;/sf/n] d'n'ssf] k|zf;g ;~rfng ug{ lghfdtL ;]jf /

cfjZos cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfx¿sf] u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . To:tf ;]jfx¿sf] u7g, ;~rfng /

;]jfsf zt{x¿ P]gåf/f lgwf{/0f ul/P adf]lhd x'g]5g\ .

!%$=!%$=!%$=!%$= cfof]usf] u7gcfof]usf] u7gcfof]usf] u7gcfof]usf] u7gMMMM g]kfn ;/sf/n] dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL, ckfË, dhb'/ jf

ls;fg nufot ljljw If]qsf] xs lxtsf] ;+/If0f / k|jw{g ug{ cfjZos cfof]ux¿ u7g ug{

;Sg]5 . To:tf cfof]ux¿sf] u7g, sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ ;DaGwL Joj:yf sfg"gåf/f






68

••••!%$s=!%$s=!%$s=!%$s= lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]ulgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]ulgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]ulgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]u M M M M -!_ ;+ljwfg ;ef ;b:osf] lgjf{rg ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu

lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] Ps lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]u u7g ug{ ;Sg]5,

h;df b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox? /xg]5g\ M–

-s_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 ;]jflgj[Q GofofwLz – cWoIf

-v_ e"uf]nljb\ – ;b:o

-u_ ;dfhzf:qL jf hg;+Vofljb\ – ;b:o

-3_ k|zf;gljb\ jf Joj:yfkgljb\ – ;b:o

-ª_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;]jfdf /x]sf] /fhkqflÍt

ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] clws[t – ;b:o–;lrj

-@_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] lgo'lQm g]kfn ;/sf/n]

ug]{5 .

-#_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]usf] sfof{jlw ;f] cfof]u u7g ubf{sf avt g]kfn

;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 / To:tf] sfof{jlw cfjZostfg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] yk ug{

;Sg]5 .

-$_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] ;j{dfGotfdf k|lts"n gx'g] u/L b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf

geO{ s'g} klg JolQm lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kbdf lgo'Qm x'g

of]Uo x'g] 5}g M–

-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 ;DalGwt ljifodf sDtLdf

:gftsf]kflw xfl;n u/]sf],

-v_ sDtLdf k}+tfnL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf],

-u_ pRr g}lts rl/q sfod ePsf] .

-%_ b]xfosf cj:yfdf lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm

ePsf] dflgg]5 M–

-s_ lghn] k|wfgdGqL ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,

-v_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .

-^_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]un] o; wf/f adf]lhd lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ubf{

wf/f ^# sf] pkwf/f -#_ / -#s_ sf] cwLgdf /xL To:tf lhNnfx?sf] hg;+Vof / ;+ljwfg

;ef ;b:o ;+VofaLrsf] cg'kft oyf;Dej ;dfg x'g] u/L k|+To]s lhNnfsf] hg;+Vofsf]

• klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .



69

cfwf/df ;f] lhNnfaf6 lgjf{lrt x'g] To:tf] ;b:o ;+Vof lgwf{/0f ug]{5 / ;f] ;+Vof a/fa/

;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;b:osf] lgjf{rgsf] nflu lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .

-&_ pkwf/f -^_ adf]lhd lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ubf{ ;dfg hg;+Vof / ef}uf]lns

cg's"ntf tyf ljlzi6tfsf] cfwf/df k|To]s k|zf;sLo lhNnfsf] l;dfgf, ef}uf]lns cj:yf,

hg;+Vofsf] 3gTj, oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf / To:tf] lhNnfdf a;f]af; ug]{ jfl;Gbfx?sf]

;fd'bflos tyf ;f+:s[lts kIfnfO{ ;d]t Wofg lbg' kg]{5 .

-*_ pkwf/f -&_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf

avt lgjf{rg lhNnfdf sfod /x]sf lgjf{rg If]qeGbf sd x'g] u/L lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ug{

;lsg] 5}g .

-(_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]uåf/f lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] Ψjf pkwf/f -

!)u_ adf]lhd k'g/fjnf]sg ul/Psf] ljifodf s'g} cbfntdf s'g} k|Zg p7fpg ;lsg] 5}g .

-!)_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]un] cfkm"n] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfdsf] k|ltj]bg

k|wfgdGqL ;dIf a'emfpg]5 .

Ψ-!)s_ k|wfgdGqLn] pkwf/f -!)_ adf]lhd k|fKt k|ltj]bg dlGqkl/ifb\ ;dIf

/fVg]5 / dlGqkl/ifb\n] k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjogsf nflu lgjf{rg cfof]u tyf cGo ;Da4

lgsfodf k7fpg]5 .

Ψ-!)v_ pkwf/f -!)s_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkwf/f -!)_

adf]lhd k|wfgdGqL ;dIf a'emfPsf] k|ltj]bgdf k|fljlws ?kdf gldn]sf] b]lvPsf] lhNnfsf]

xsdf k'g/fjnf]sg x'g cfjZos ePsf] dlGqkl/ifb\n] 7fg]df pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ul7t

cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:onfO{ lglZrt ;dofjlw tf]sL dlGqkl/ifb\n] To:tf] ljz]if kl/l:yltdf

;f] k|ltj]bg Psk6ssf] nflu k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ cg'/f]w ug{ ;Sg]5 .

Ψ-!)u_ pkwf/f -!)v_ adf]lhd dlGqkl/ifb\n] cg'/f]w u/]df To:tf] cfof]usf]

cWoIf / ;b:on] ;f]xL cjlwleq dlGqkl/ifb\n] cg'/f]w u/]sf] ljifodf k'g/fjnf]sg u/L ;f]sf]

k|ltj]bg k|wfgdGqL ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

Ψ-!)3_ pkwf/f -!)u_ adf]lhd k|ltj]bg k|fKt ePsf]df To:tf] k|ltj]bg pk/

pkwf/f -!)s_ adf]lhdsf] sf/afxL ug'{ kg]{5 .

Ψ bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk . Ψ bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .



70

Ψ-!)ª_ o; wf/fdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkwf/f -!)u_

adf]lhd k'g/fjnf]sg ubf{ ;f] k|of]hgsf nflu pkwf/f -!)v_ sf] cjlwe/sf nflu

lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]u sfod /x]sf] dflgg]5 .

-!!_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]un] cfˆgf] sfo{ljlw cfkm}+ lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .

-!@_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf

qmdzM lgjf{rg cfof]usf k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / lgjf{rg cfo'Qm ;/x x'g]5 .

-!#_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]unfO{ cfjZos kg]{ sd{rf/L g]kfn ;/sf/n]

pknAw u/fpg]5 .

!%%=!%%=!%%=!%%= ;+j}wflgs ;+j}wflgs ;+j}wflgs ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] ;'g'jfO / gful/stf ;DaGwL Joj:yflgsfosf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] ;'g'jfO / gful/stf ;DaGwL Joj:yflgsfosf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] ;'g'jfO / gful/stf ;DaGwL Joj:yflgsfosf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] ;'g'jfO / gful/stf ;DaGwL Joj:yfMMMM -!_ ∗o; ;+ljwfg

adf]lhd ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df lgo'Qm x'g] ;+j}wflgs kb tyf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf

GofofwLz / /fhb'tsf] kbdf lgo'lQm k"j{ lghx¿sf] sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd ;+;bLo

;'g'jfO x'g]5 .

-@_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd lgo'Qm x'g] ;+j}wflgs kbx¿df j+zh jf hGdsf gftfn]

g]kfnsf] gful/s ePsf] JolQm jf cËLs[t gful/stf k|fKt u/L sDtLdf b; jif{ g]kfndf

a;f]jf; u/]sf] JolQm dfq lgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uo dflgg]5 .

!%^=!%^=!%^=!%^= ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg'df]bg, ;lDdng, :jL;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg'df]bg, ;lDdng, :jL;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg'df]bg, ;lDdng, :jL;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg'df]bg, ;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{gs[lt jf ;dy{gs[lt jf ;dy{gs[lt jf ;dy{gMMMM -!_ g]kfn /fHo jf g]kfn

;/sf/ kIf x'g] ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg'df]bg, ;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{g sfg"gåf/f


-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd sfg"g agfpFbf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm b]xfosf ljifosf

;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg'df]bg, ;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{g Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf tTsfn

sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox¿sf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtn] ug'{ kg{] zt{ /flvg]5M–

-s_ zflGt / d}qL,

-v_ ;'/Iff Pj+ ;fdl/s ;DaGw,

-u_ g]kfn /fHosf] l;dfgf, /

-3_ k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf To;sf] pkof]usf] afF8kmfF8 .

t/ v08 -s_ / -3_ df plNnlvt ljifosf ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf dWo] /fi6«nfO{

Jofks, uDeL/ jf bL3{sfnLg c;/ gkg{] ;fwf/0f k|s[ltsf ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg'df]bg,

;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{g Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt ;b:ox¿sf] ;fwf/0f

ax'dtaf6 x'g ;Sg]5 .

∗ bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .



71

-#_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 x'g] s'g} ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf o; wf/f adf]lhd

cg'df]bg, ;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{g geP;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/ jf g]kfn /fHosf] xsdf nfu"

ePsf] dflgg] 5}g .

-$_ pkwf/f -!_ / -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg g]kfn /fHosf]

k|fb]lzs cv08tfdf k|lts"n c;/ kg{] u/L s'g} ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf ul/g] 5}g .

!%&=!%&=!%&=!%&= hgdt ;ªhgdt ;ªhgdt ;ªhgdt ;ª\\\\u|xaf6 lg0f{o ug{ ;lsg]u|xaf6 lg0f{o ug{ ;lsg]u|xaf6 lg0f{o ug{ ;lsg]u|xaf6 lg0f{o ug{ ;lsg] MMMM -!_ o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoq Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s

/fli6«o dxTjsf] s'g} ljifodf hgdt ;ª\u|xaf6 lg0f{o ug{ cfjZos 5 egL ;+ljwfg ;efn]

tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox¿sf] b'O{ ltxfO{ ;b:osf] ax'dtaf6 lg0f{o u/]df To:tf]

ljifodf hgdt ;ª\u|xaf6 lg0f{o lng ;lsg]5 .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] k|lqmofaf6 lg0f{o lnOg] sfo{ljlw sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f

eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

!%*=!%*=!%*=!%*= jfwf c8jfwf c8jfwf c8jfwf c8\\\\sfp k'msfpg] clwsf/sfp k'msfpg] clwsf/sfp k'msfpg] clwsf/sfp k'msfpg] clwsf/MMMM ▲of] ;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ s'g} jfwf c8\sfp k/]df

/fi6«kltn] dlGqkl/ifb\\sf] l;kmfl/;df To:tf] jfwf c8\sfp k'msfpg cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 /

o:tf] cfb]z Joj:yflksf–;+;baf6 ✄========== Ps dlxgfleq cg'df]bg u/fpg' kg{]5 .

efu @#

;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Joj:yf ✔✔✔✔!%(=!%(=!%(=!%(= ;DklQ 6«i6 agfO{ /flvg];DklQ 6«i6 agfO{ /flvg];DklQ 6«i6 agfO{ /flvg];DklQ 6«i6 agfO{ /flvg] M M M M -!_ tTsflng /fhf lj/]Gb|, /fgL P]Zjo{ / lghx?sf kl/jf/sf]

;DklQ g]kfn ;/sf/ dftxt NofO{ 6«i6 agfP/ /fi6««lxtdf k|of]u ul/g]5 .

-@_ tTsflng /fhfsf] x}l;otn] 1fg]Gb| zfxnfO{ k|fKt ePsf ;a} ;DklQx? -

h:t} ljleGg :yfgsf b/jf/x?, jg tyf lgs'~hx?, P]]ltxfl;s / k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf

;Dkbfx? cflb_ /fli6«os/0f ul/g]5 .

!^)=!^)=!^)=!^)= dlGqkl/ifbdlGqkl/ifbdlGqkl/ifbdlGqkl/ifb\\ \\ ;DaGwL Joj:yf ;DaGwL Joj:yf ;DaGwL Joj:yf ;DaGwL Joj:yfMMMM -!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf] dlGqkl/ifb\

o;} ;+ljwfg cGtu{t u7g ePsf] dflgg]5 .

-@_ wf/f #* adf]lhd dlGqkl/ifb\ u7g geP;Dd pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf]

dlGqkl/ifb\ sfod /xg]5 .

!^!=!^!=!^!=!^!= Joj:yflksfJoj:yflksfJoj:yflksfJoj:yflksf––––;+;b ;DaGwL Joj:yf;+;b ;DaGwL Joj:yf;+;b ;DaGwL Joj:yf;+;b ;DaGwL Joj:yfMMMM -!_ of] ;+ljwfg hf/L x'gf;fy o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf]

Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] u7g x'g]5 .

▲ kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . ✄ kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . ✔ rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .



72

-@_ of] ;+ljwfg hf/L ePkl5 tTsfn sfod /x]sf] k|ltlglw;ef / /fli6«o;ef

:jtM lj36g x'g]5 / ;f]xL lbg o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf] Joj:yflksf–;+;bsf] klxnf] a}7s

a:g]5 .

-#_ of] ;+ljwfg hf/L x'Fbfsf] avt k|ltlglw;efdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf ljw]osx¿

o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf] Joj:yflksf–;+;bdf x:tfGt/0f x'g]5g\ .

-$_ of] ;+ljwfg hf/L x'Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf] ;+;b ;lrjfno / ;f]

;lrjfnodf sfo{/t kbflwsf/L / sd{rf/L o;} ;+ljwfg adf]lhd sfod x'g] Joj:yflksf–

;+;b ;lrjfno / lgo'lQm ePsf kbflwsf/L / sd{rf/L dflgg]5g\ .

!^@=!^@=!^@=!^@= Gofokflnsf ;DaGwL Joj:yfGofokflnsf ;DaGwL Joj:yfGofokflnsf ;DaGwL Joj:yfGofokflnsf ;DaGwL Joj:yf MMMM-!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, k'g/fj]bg cbfnt / lhNnf cbfntx¿ o;} ;+ljwfg adf]lhd :yfkgf

ePsf] dflgg]5 / of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'g' cl3 bfo/ ePsf d'2fx¿ tt\ tt\ cbfntaf6

lg¿k0f ug{ of] ;+ljwfgn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .

-@_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 ;jf{]Rr cbfnt, k'g/fj]bg cbfnt /

lhNnf cbfntx¿df axfn /x]sf GofofwLzx¿n] of] ;+ljwfgk|lt k|lta4tfsf] zky g]kfn

;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd u|x0f ug'{ kg]{5 . zky u|x0f ug{ OGsf/ ug]{ GofofwLz :jtM

cfˆgf] kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5 .

-#_ :jtGq, :jR5, lgikIf / ;an Gofokflnsfsf nflu nf]stflGqs

d"No dfGotfsf cfwf/df Gofo If]qnfO{ ;'wf/ ub}{ n}hfg cfjZos sfg"gL Joj:yf ul/g]5 .

!^#=!^#=!^#=!^#= ;+j}wflgs lgsfo / kbflwsf/Lx¿ ;DaGwL Joj:yf;+j}wflgs lgsfo / kbflwsf/Lx¿ ;DaGwL Joj:yf;+j}wflgs lgsfo / kbflwsf/Lx¿ ;DaGwL Joj:yf;+j}wflgs lgsfo / kbflwsf/Lx¿ ;DaGwL Joj:yfMMMM -!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt

sfod /x]sf ;+j}wflgs lgsfo / kbflwsf/Lx¿ dWo] o; ;+ljwfgdf pNn]v gul/Psf ;+j}wflgs

lgsfo / kbflwsf/Lx¿ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 sfod /xg] 5}gg\ .

-@_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf ;+j}wflgs lgsfox¿ o;} ;+ljwfg

adf]lhd :yfkgf ePsf] dflgg] 5g\ / k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd tL lgsfox¿df ljrf/fwLg

/x]sf ljifox¿nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg o; ;+ljwfgn] jfwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . ;+j}wflgs cË

/ ltgsf kbflwsf/Lx¿nfO{ nf]stflGqs d"No dfGotf cg'¿k ;'wf/ ub}{ n}hfg cfjZos

sfg"gL Joj:yf ul/g]5 .

-#_ of] ;+ljwfg adf]lhd Joj:yf ul/Psf] /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u u7g

geP;Dd k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ul7t /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u sfod /xg]5 / o;

;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf] /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u u7g ePkl5 ;f] cfof]uaf6 km5\of}{6 x'g

afFsL /x]sf lgj]bg / ph'/Lx¿ o; cfof]udf ;g{]5g\ / ;f] cfof]un] To:tf lgj]bg /

ph'/Lx¿ pk/ of] ;+ljwfg / o; cGtu{t ag]sf] sfg"g adf]lhd sf/afxL ug{]5 .



73

!^$= !^$= !^$= !^$= jt{dfg sfg"g nfu" /xg]Mjt{dfg sfg"g nfu" /xg]Mjt{dfg sfg"g nfu" /xg]Mjt{dfg sfg"g nfu" /xg]M -!_ k'g:yf{lkt k|ltlglw;efåf/f eP u/]sf lg0f{o / sfd

sf/afxL of] ;+ljwfg;Fu gaflemPsf] xb;Dd o;} ;+ljwfg adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5g\ .

-@_ of] ;+ljwfg nfu" x'Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf sfg"gx¿ vf/]h of ;+zf]wg

geP;Dd sfod /xg]5g\ .

t/ of] ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf] sfg"g of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePsf] tLg dlxgfkl5

aflemPsf] xb;Dd :jtM cdfGo x'g]5 .

efu @$efu @$efu @$efu @$

kl/efiff kl/efiff kl/efiff kl/efiff

!^%= !^%= !^%= !^%= kl/efiffkl/efiffkl/efiffkl/efiffMMMM -!_ ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf{] cy{ gnfu]df o; ;+ljwfgdf,–

-s_ æwf/fÆ eGgfn] of] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f ;Demg' k5{ .

-v_ æg]kfnÆ eGgfn] g]kfn /fHo ;Demg' k5{ .

-u_ ægful/sÆ eGgfn] g]kfnsf] gful/s ;Demg' k5{ .

-3_ æljw]osÆ eGgfn] Joj:yflksf–;+;b jf ;+ljwfg ;efdf k]z ePsf] ;+ljwfg jf

P]gsf] d:of}bf ;Demg' k5{ .

-ª_ ækfl/>ldsÆ eGgfn] tna, eQf, lgj[lQe/0f / cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] kfl/>lds

tyf ;'ljwf ;d]t ;Demg' k5{ .

-@_ ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; ;+ljwfgdf JoQm ePsf s'/fx¿sf]

cwLgdf /xL sfg"g JofVof ;DaGwL k|rlnt sfg"gL Joj:yf g]kfn sfg"gsf] JofVofdf nfu"

eP ;/x o; ;+ljwfgsf] JofVofdf klg nfu" x'g]5 .

efu @%efu @%efu @%efu @%

;+lIfKt gfd, k|f/De / vf/]hL;+lIfKt gfd, k|f/De / vf/]hL;+lIfKt gfd, k|f/De / vf/]hL;+lIfKt gfd, k|f/De / vf/]hL

!^^=!^^=!^^=!^^= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/D;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/D;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/D;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/DeeeeMMMM -!_ of] ;+ljwfgnfO{ æg]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#Æ elgg]5 .

-@_ of] ;+ljwfg k|ltlglw;efåf/f hf/L x'g]5 / cGtl/d Joj:yflksf–;+;båf/f

cg'df]bg ul/g]5 . o;sf] sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL lj:t[t Joxf]/f cg';"rL–# df pNn]v eP

adf]lhd x'g]5 .

-#_ ldlt @)^# dª\l;/ % ut] g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr

;DkGg …lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfÚ / ldlt @)^# dª\l;/ @@ ut] ;DkGg …xltof/ / ;]gfsf]

Joj:yfkgsf] cg'udg ;DaGwL ;Demf}tfÚ cg';"rL–$ df /flvPsf] 5 .

-$_ of] ;+ljwfg ;+jt\ b'O{xhf/ lq;¶L ;fn df3 dlxgfsf] Ps ut] ;f]daf/b]lv

k|f/De x'g]5 .



74

!^&=!^&=!^&=!^&= vf/]hLvf/]hLvf/]hLvf/]hLMMMM g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 .

cg';"rLcg';"rLcg';"rLcg';"rL––––!!!!

----wf/f ^ ;Fu ;DalGwt_wf/f ^ ;Fu ;DalGwt_wf/f ^ ;Fu ;DalGwt_wf/f ^ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

/fli6«o em08f/fli6«o em08f/fli6«o em08f/fli6«o em08f

----s_ s_ s_ s_ lsgf/fleqsf] cfsf/ agfpg] tl/sflsgf/fleqsf] cfsf/ agfpg] tl/sflsgf/fleqsf] cfsf/ agfpg] tl/sflsgf/fleqsf] cfsf/ agfpg] tl/sf

(1) Pp6f l;ld|s /Ësf] /ftf] sk8fdf tNnf] efudf rflxPsf] hlt nDafOsf] /]vf afofFaf6

bflxg]lt/ lvRg] / o;nfO{ s v gfd /fVg] .

(2) s af6 ;Lwf dfly u ;Dd s v sf] nDafO hltdf s v s} t[tLof+z yKbf hlt x'G5 Tolt

nfdf] x'g] u/L s u /]vf lvRg] . s u df s af6 s v sf] nDafO hlt lnO{ 3 lrGxf] nufpg] .

v / 3 hf]8\g] .



75

(3) v 3 /]vfdf v af6 s v hlt lnO{ ª lrGxf] nfpg] .

(4) ª x'Fb} s v sf] ;dfgfGt/ kf/]/ s u df kg]{ laGb' r af6 z'? u/L bflxg]lt/ 5 ;Dd s v sf]

nDafO hlt /]vf lvRg] .

(5) u / 5 nfO{ hf]8\g] .

----v_ v_ v_ v_ rGb| agfpg] tl/sfrGb| agfpg] tl/sfrGb| agfpg] tl/sfrGb| agfpg] tl/sf

(6) s v sf] rt'yf+{z hlt s af6 bflxg]df h lrGxf] nfpg] / ToxfFaf6 dfly s u sf] ;dfgfGt/

kf/]/ u 5 nfO{ em df 5'g] /]vf lvRg] .

(7) u r sf] cfwf ` af6 s v sf] ;dfgfGt/ kf/]/ /]vf bfofFlt/ lvrL u 5 nfO{ 6 df 5'g] .

(8) ` 6 / h em /]vf sfl6Psf] 7fpFdf 7 lrGxf] /fVg] .

(9) ` / 5 hf]8\g] .

(10) ` 5 / h em sfl6Psf] laGb'df 8 lrGxf] nfpg] .

(11) 8 nfO{ s]Gb| dfgL v 3 /]vfnfO{ Go"gtd cGt/ kg]{ u/L :kz{ ubf{ x'g] hlt b"/L kg]{ u/L h em

/]vfsf] tNnf] efudf 9 lrGxf] nufpg] .

(12) 8 df 5f]O{ s v sf] ;dfgfGt/ /]vf afofFaf6 bfofFlt/ lvRg] / o;n] s u nfO{ 5f]Psf] ljGb'sf]

gfd 0f /fVg] .

(13) 7 s]Gb| lnP/ 7 9 Jof;f4{n] tNnf] efudf j[Q v08 lvRg] / 0f 8 af6 uPsf] /]vfnfO{ o;n]

5f]Psf] b'j} 7fpFdf qmdzM t / y gfd /fVg] .

(14) 8 nfO{ s]Gb| dfgL 8 y Jof;f4{n] tNnf] efudf cw{ j[Qfsf/ t y nfO{ 5'g] u/L lvRg] .

(15) 9 s]Gb| dfgL 9 8 sf] Jof;f4{n] t 9 y j[Q v08sf] b'j}tkm{ 5'g] u/L j[Q v08 lvRg] / o;n]

t 9 y nfO{ 5f]Psf] ljGb'x¿sf] gfd qmdzM b / 9 /fVg] . b w nfO{ hf]8\g] . b 9 / h em

sfl6Psf] ljGb'sf] gfd g /fVg] .

(16) g nfO{ s]Gb| dfg]/ Jof;f4{ g w n] t 9 y sf] dflyNnf] efudf b'j} 7fpFdf 5'g] u/L cw{

j[Qfsf/ lvRg] .

(17) g nfO{ s]Gb| dfg]/ Jof;f4{ g 8 n] t 9 y sf] dflyNnf] efudf b'j} 7fpFdf 5'g] u/L j[Q v08

lvRg] .

(18) of] cg';"rLsf] g+= -!^_ sf] cw{ j[Qfsf/ leq / g+= -!&_ sf] j[Q v08 aflx/ rGb|dfsf] cf7j6f

a/fa/sf sf]0f agfpg] .

----u_ u_ u_ u_ ;"o{ agfpg] tl/sf;"o{ agfpg] tl/sf;"o{ agfpg] tl/sf;"o{ agfpg] tl/sf

(19) s r sf] cfwf k af6 s v sf] ;dfgfGt/ kf/]/ v ª df 5'g] u/L k km /]vf lvRg] .

(20) h em / k km sfl6Psf] laGb' a s]Gb| dfg]/ 8 9 sf] Jof;f4{n] j[Qfsf/ k"/f lvRg] .



76

(21) a nfO{ s]Gb| dfg]/ 7 9 Jof;f4{n] j[Qfsf/ k"/f lvRg] .

(22) of] cg';"rLsf] g+= -@)_ sf] j[Qfsf/ aflx/ / of] cg';"rLsf] g+= -@!_ sf] j[Qfsf/leq k/]sf] uf]n

3]/fsf] aLr efudf ;"o{sf] afx|j6f a/fa/sf sf]0fx¿ b'O{ r'Rrfx¿n] h em /]vfdf 5'g] u/L

agfpg] .

----3_ 3_ 3_ 3_ lsgf/f agfpg] tl/sflsgf/f agfpg] tl/sflsgf/f agfpg] tl/sflsgf/f agfpg] tl/sf

(23) g 9 sf] rf}8fO hlt uf9f gLnf] /Ësf] lsgf/f em08fsf] cfsf/sf] aflx/L ;a}lt/sf] ;Ldfdf

yKg], t/ em08fsf] kfFr sf]0fx¿df rflx+ aflx/L sf]0fx¿ klg leq} ;/xsf agfpg] .

(24) em08f 8f]/L nufO{ k|of]u u/]df dfly atfOPs} kl§ /fVg] . em08f n6\7Ldf 3';fg]{ xf] eg] s u

kl§ cfjZos k/] hlt lsgf/f rf}8\ofpg] . 8f]/L jf n6\7Lsf] k|of]udf s u sf] kl§df Kjfn

/fVg] .

:ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0f:ki6Ls/0fMMMM em08f agfpFbf lvlrPsf h em b w, r ª, ª 3, ` 5, 0f y, ` 6 / k km /]vfx¿

slNkt x'g\ . To:t} ;"o{sf aflx/L / leqL j[Qfsf/x¿ tyf v'k]{ rGb| afx]s c? j[Q v08 klg

slNkt x'g\ . lognfO{ v08df b]vfOFb}g .

cg';"rL–!s=

-wf/f #^r= / wf/f #^em= sf] pkwf/f -@_ ;u ;DalGwt_

/fi6«klt tyf pk/fi6«kltn] lng] kb tyf uf]kgLotfsf] zkysf] 9f“rf

d -/fi6«klt÷pk/fi6«kltsf] k"/f gfd_ == === === == === === == d'n's / hgtfk|lt k"0f{ akmbf/

/xL ;Tolgi7fk"j{s k|lt1f u5'{÷O{Zj/sf] gfddf zky lnG5' ls g]kfnsf] /fhsLo ;Qf /

;fj{ef}d;Qf g]kfnL hgtfdf /x]sf] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# k|lt k"0f{ akmfbf/ /x“b}

/fi6«klt÷pk/fi6«klt kbsf] sfdsfh k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL d'n's / hgtfsf] ;f]emf]

lrtfO{, s;}sf] 8/ gdfgL, kIfkft gu/L, k"jf{u|x jf v/fa efjgf glnO{ ▲OdfGbf/Ltfsf ;fy ug]{5'

/ cfkmgf] st{Jo kfngfsf] l;nl;nfdf cfkm"nfO{ hfgsf/LdfcfPsf] s'/f d kbdf axfn /xbf jf

g/xbf h'g;'s} cj:yfdf klg sfg"gsf] kfngf ubf{ afx]s c? cj:yfdf s'g} lsl;daf6 klg k|s6

jf ;+s]t ug]{ 5}g\ .

gfd, y/ M =====================

ldlt M ========================= ;xL M ===========================

rf}+yf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk ▲ kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .



77

✖cg';"rL–@

========================

cg';"rL–#

-wf/f !^^ sf] pkwf/f -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

ldlt @)^# ;fn dª\l;/ % ut] g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr ;DkGg …lj:t[t

zflGt ;Demf}tfÚ / ldlt @)^# ;fn dª\l;/ @@ ut] ;DkGg …xltof/ tyf ;]gfsf] Joj:yfkgsf]

cg'udg ;DaGwL ;Demf}tfÚ adf]lhd xltof/sf] Joj:yfkg / cg'udg ;'? ePkl5 k|ltlglw;efåf/f

of] ;+ljwfg hf/L x'g]5 / cGtl/d Joj:yflksf–;+;båf/f cg'df]bg x'g]5 .

✖ kfFrf} ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] .



78

cg';"rL–$

-wf/f !^^ sf] pkwf/f -#_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr ePsf]

lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf

k|:tfjgfk|:tfjgfk|:tfjgfk|:tfjgf

g]kfnL hgtfn] @))& ;fn klxn]b]lv xfn;Dd k6s k6s ub}{ cfPsf P]ltxfl;s ;+3if{ /

hgcfGbf]ng dfk{mt\ nf]stGq, zflGt / cu|udgsf kIfdf k|s6 ePsf] hgfb]zsf] ;Ddfg ub}{,

;ft /fhgLlts bn / g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ aLr ;DkGg !@ a'Fb] ;dembf/L, * a'Fb] ;xdlt,

g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr ;DkGg @% a'Fb] cfrf/;+lxtf, @)^# ;fn sflt{s @@ ut]

;ft /fhgLlts bn / g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf zLif{ g]tfx?sf] a}7ssf lg0f{ox? nufot g]kfn ;/sf/ /



79

g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ aLr ;DkGg ;a} ;Demf}tf, ;xdlt, cfrf/;+lxtf / ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3nfO{ k|]lift

;dfg wf/0ffsf] kqfrf/k|lt k"0f{ k|ltj4tfsf] k'gk'{li6 ub}{,

b]zdf ljBdfg juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo, n}+lus ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ /fHosf] cu|ufdL

k'g{;+/rgf ug]{ ;+sNk ub}{,

k|lt:kwf{Tds ax'bnLo nf]stflGqs zf;g Joj:yf, gful/s :jtGqtf, df}lns clwsf/, dfgj

clwsf/, k"0f{ k|]; :jtGqtf tyf sfg"gL /fHosf] cjwf/0ff nufot nf]stflGqs d"NodfGotf k|ltsf]

k"0f{ k|ltj4tfnfO{ bf]xf]¥ofpb},

dfgj clwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkq, !($* tyf cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo sfg'g tyf dfgj

clwsf/ ;DaGwL cfwf/e"t l;4fGt / dfGotfx?k|lt k|ltj4 /xFb},

:jtGq, lgikIf / eod'Qm jftfj/0fdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgdf ;xefuL x'g kfpg] g]kfnL

hgtfsf] cfwf/e"t clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"lt ub}{,

nf]stGq, zflGt, ;d[l4, cu|ufdL cfly{s–;fdflhs kl/jt{g tyf b]zsf] :jtGqtf, cv08tf,

;fj{ef}ldstf / :jfledfgnfO{ s]Gb|df /fVb},

@)^$ ;fn h]7 dlxgfleq :jtGq / lgikIf ?kn] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug]{

k|ltj4tfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ b[9tf JoQm ub}{ ,

;+ljwfg ;efdfkm{t\ g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] ;'lglZrttf, cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf;,

/fHosf] nf]stflGqs k'g;{+/rgf / cfly{s–;fdflhs–;f+:s[lts ?kfGt/0f ug{ b'j} kIfaLr ePsf]

/fhgLlts ;xdltsf cfwf/df b]zdf @)%@ ;fnb]lv rNb} cfPsf] ;z:q åGånfO{ cGTo u/L

zflGtk"0f{ ;xsfo{sf] gofF cWofo k|f/De ePsf] 3f]if0ff ub}{,

g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf aLr ePsf] o'4lj/fdnfO{ bL3{sfnLg zflGtdf kl/0ft

ug]{ k|ltj4tfsf;fy g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf aLr of] lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf ;DkGg

ul/Psf] 5 .

!=!=!=!= k|f/lDesk|f/lDesk|f/lDesk|f/lDes M M M M

!=! o; ;Demf}tfsf] gfd ælj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf, @)^#Æ /x]sf] 5 . 5f]6s/Ldf o;

;Demf}tfnfO{ zflGt ;Demf}tf elgg] 5 .

!=@ of] ;Demf}tf ;/sf/ kIf / dfcf]jfbL kIfsf] ;fj{hlgs 3f]if0ff dfkm{t\ cfh}sf ldltb]lv

nfu" x'g]5 .

!=# b'j} kIfn] cf–cfˆgf] dftxtsf ;a} lgsfonfO{ of] ;Demf}tf tTsfn sfof{Gjog tyf

kfngf ug{ cfjZos lgb]{zg hf/L ug]{5g\ / sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg] 5g\ .

!=$ cg';"rLdf ;ª\nUg ;ft /fhgLlts bn, ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbL kIf aLr ePsf ;a}

;xdlt, ;dembf/L, cfrf/;+lxtf / lg0f{ox? o; ;Demf}tfsf] cleGg cË dflgg] 5g\ .



80

!=% of] ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ug{ cfjZostf cg';f/ kl5 ul/g] ;xdlt / ;Demf}tfx? klg

o;}sf c+u dflgg] 5g\ .

@=@=@=@= kl/efiffkl/efiffkl/efiffkl/efiff M M M M ljifo jf k|;+un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; ;Demf}tfdf M–

-s_ æo'4lj/fdÆ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr Ps csf{nfO{ nlIft

u/L ul/g] ;a} k|sf/sf cfqmd0f, ckx/0f, a]kQf, y'g5]s, ;z:q anx?sf] kl/rfng,

;'b[9Ls/0f, cfqmfds Pj+ lx+;fTds sf/jfxL tyf h'g;'s} dfWodaf6 ;dfhdf ljWj+z

km}nfpg], pQ]lht kfg{] Pjd\ e8\sfpg] lqmofsnfk lgif]w ug]{ sfo{nfO{ hgfpF5 .

-v_ æcGtl/d ;+ljwfgÆ eGgfn] ;+ljwfg ;efåf/f gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f eO{ nfu" geP;Ddsf]

nflu hf/L ul/g] æg]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^#Æ nfO{ hgfpF5 .

-u_ æcGtl/d dlGqkl/ifb\Æ eGgfn] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg adf]lhd u7g x'g] æcGtl/d

dlGqkl/ifb\Æ nfO{ hgfpF5 .

-3_ æb'j} kIfÆ eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/ kIf / g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_

kIfnfO{ hgfpF5 .

-ª_ …k|rlnt sfg'gÚ eGgfn] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# / o;;Fu gaflemPsf k|rlnt

g]kfn sfg'gnfO{ hgfpF5 . t/ o; kl/efiffn] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# hf/L x'g' cl3sf]

sfg'gL Joj:yfnfO{ jfwf k'¥ofpg] 5}g .

-r_ …k|df0fLs/0fÚ eGgfn] ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3n] ;]gf, n8fs' / xltof/sf] k|df0fLs/0f u/L oyfy{

nut tof/ kfg]{ ljifonfO{ hgfpF5 .

#=#=#=#= /fhgLlts /fhgLlts /fhgLlts /fhgLlts ––––cfly{scfly{scfly{scfly{s–––– ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0f / åGå Joj:yfkg ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0f / åGå Joj:yfkg ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0f / åGå Joj:yfkg ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0f / åGå Joj:yfkg M M M M b'j} kIf b]xfoadf]lhd

/fhgLlts–cfly{s– ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd cjnDjg ug{ / b]zdf ljBdfg

åGåsf] ;sf/fTds 9Ën] Joj:yfkg ug{ ;xdt 5g\ M

#=!= @)^# sflt{s @@ ut] ;DkGg ;ft bn / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf zLif{ g]tfx?sf] a}7ssf

lg0f{ox? -cg';"rL–^_ sf cfwf/df b]zdf cu|ufdL /fhgLlts, cfly{s / ;fdflhs

kl/jt{g ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

#=@ cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf cfwf/df cGtl/d Joj:yflksf –;+;b u7g ug]{ / cGtl/d

;/sf/åf/f cfufdL @)^$ h]7 dlxgfleq :jtGq / lgikIf ?kdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf]

lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug]{ / g]kfnL hgtfdf cGt/lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] Jojxfl/s k|Tofe"lt

ug]{ .

#=# d'n'ssf] zf;g Joj:yf ;DaGwL s'g} klg clwsf/ /fhfdf g/xg] . :juL{o /fhf jL/]Gb|,

/fgL P]Zjo{ / lghx?sf kl/jf/sf] ;DklQ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] dftxtdf NofO{ 6«i6 agfP/

/fi6«lxtdf k|of]u ug]{ . /fhfsf] x}l;otn] /fhf 1fg]Gb|nfO{ k|fKt ePsf ;a} ;DklQx? -



81

h:t} ljleGg :yfgsf b/af/x?, jg tyf lgs'~hx?, P]ltxfl;s / k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf

;Dkbfx? cflb_ /fli6«os/0f ug]{ . /fh;+:yf sfod /fVg] of g/fVg] af/] ;+ljwfg ;efsf]

klxnf] a}7såf/f ;fwf/0f ax'dtn] 6'+uf] nufpg] .

#=$ ljZjJofkL ?kdf :jLs[t cfwf/e"t dfgj clwsf/, ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{Tds nf]stflGqs

k|0ffnL, hgtfdf lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qf / hgtfsf] ;jf]{Rrtf, ;+j}wflgs ;Gt'ng /

lgoGq0f, ljlwsf] zf;g, ;fdflhs Gofo / ;dfgtf, :jtGq Gofokflnsf, cfjlws

lgjf{rg, gful/s ;dfhsf] cg'udg, k"0f{ k|]; :jtGqtf, hgtfsf] ;"rgfsf] clwsf/,

/fhgLlts bnx?sf lqmofsnfkx?df kf/blz{tf / hjfkmb]xLtf, hg;xeflutf, lgikIf,

;Ifd tyf :jR5 k|zf;gtGqsf cjwf/0ffx?sf] k"0f{ kl/kfngf ug]{ /fhgLlts k|0ffnL

cjnDjg ug]{ / e|i6frf/ tyf åGblxgtfsf] cGTo ub}{ ;'zf;g sfod ug]{ .

#=% juL{o, hftLo, eflifs, n}lËs, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s / If]qLo e]befjsf] cGTo ub}{ dlxnf,

blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt,dw]zL, pTkLl8t, pk]lIft / cNk;ª\Vos ;d'bfo,lk5l8Psf

If]q nufotsf ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;+jf]wg ug{ /fHosf] jt{dfg s]Gb|Ls[t / PsfTds

9fFrfsf] cGTo u/L /fHosf] ;dfj]zL, nf]stflGqs / cu|ufdL k'g;{/rgf ug]{ .

#=^ ;fdGtjfbsf ;j} ?kx?sf] cGTo ug]{ cfly{s ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf] Go"gtd ;femf

sfo{s|d cfk;L ;xdltn] to u/]/ nfu" ub}{ hfg] .

#=& ;fdGtL e":jfldTjsf] cGTo ub}{ j}1flgs e"ld;'wf/ sfo{s|d nfu" ug]{ gLlt cjnDjg

ug]{ .

#=* /fli6«o pBf]uwGbf / ;fwg>f]tsf] ;+/If0f / k|jw{g ug]{ gLlt cg';/0f ug]{ .

#=( lzIff, :jf:Yo, cfjf;, /f]huf/L / vfB ;'/Iffdf ;j} gful/ssf] clwsf/ :yflkt ug]{

gLlt lng] .

#=!) ;'s'Daf;L, sd}of, xlnof, x/jfr/jf nufotsf cfly{s ;fdflhs ?kn] k5fl8 k/]sf

ju{nfO{ hUuf nufot cfly{s ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf ug]{ gLlt lng] .

#=!! ;/sf/L nfesf] kbdf /x]/ e|i6frf/ u/L cs"t ;DklQ cfh{g ug]{x? pk/ s8f

sf/afxL u/L bl08t ug]{ gLlt lng] .

#=!@ b]zsf] cfly{s–;fdflhs ?kfGt/0f Pj+ Gofosf ;fy} b]znfO{ l56f] ;d'Ggt / cfly{s

?kn] ;d[4zfnL jgfpg Ps ;femf ljsf; cjwf/0ff lgdf{0f ug]{ .

#=!# >ldssf k]zfut clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf ub}{ pBf]uwGbf, Jofkf/, lgof{t k|jw{g cflbsf

nflu nufgL j[l4 u/L /f]huf/L Pj+ cfo cfh{gsf cj;/x?sf] Jofks j[l4 ug]{ gLlt

cg';/0f ug]{ .



82

$= $= $= $= ;]gf / xltof/ Joj:yfkg;]gf / xltof/ Joj:yfkg;]gf / xltof/ Joj:yfkg;]gf / xltof/ Joj:yfkg M M M M ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgnfO{ zflGtk"0f{, lgikIf / eo/lxt

jftfj/0fdf ;DkGg ug{ / ;]gfsf] nf]stflGqs/0f tyf k'g;{+/rgf ug{ ljutdf ePsf afx« a'Fb]

;dembf/L, cf7 a'Fb] ;xdlt, kRrL; a'Fb] cfrf/;+lxtf, ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3nfO{ k7fOPsf] kfFr a'Fb]

kq / sflt{s @@ ut] ;DkGg zLif{ g]tfx?sf] a}7ssf lg0f{ox? cg'?k lgDg sfdx? ug]{ –

Dffcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] ;DaGwdf Dffcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] ;DaGwdf Dffcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] ;DaGwdf Dffcf]jfbL ;]gfsf] ;DaGwdf ––––

$=!= @)^# ;fn ;fpg @$ ut] g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] tk{maf6 ;+o'Qm /fi6«

;+3nfO{ k7fOPsf] kqdf JoQm k|ltj4tf cg';f/ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x?

(Combatants) lgDg lnlvt :yfgx?df c:yfoL lzlj/x? (Cantonments) df

;Lldt /xg] . ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3åf/f pgLx?sf] k|df0fLs/0f / cg'udg ug]{ .

d'Vo lzlj/x? lgDg :yfgx?df /xg]5g\ M–

!= s}nfnL @= ;'v]{t #= /f]Nkf

$= gjnk/f;L %= lrtjg ^= l;Gw'nL &= Onfd

d'Vo lzlj/x? jl/kl/ #÷# j6fsf b/n] ;xfos lzlj/x? /xg]5g\ .

$=@= dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x? lzlj/df /x]kl5 lzlj/sf] ;'/Iffy{ rflxg] xftxltof/ /

uf]nLu¶f jfx]s cGo ;j} xltof/x? lzlj/ leq} ;'/lIft e08f/0f ug]{ / Psn tfNrf

nufO{ rfjL ;DalGwt kIfn] g} /fVg] . ;f] tfNrf nufpg] k|lqmofdf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf]

lgu/fgLsf nflu p;sf] /]s8{, ;fO/g ;lxtsf] ;+oGq (Device) ;lDdlnt ug]{ .

e08f/0f ul/Psf xftxltof/x?sf] cfjZos hfFr ug'{ kbf{ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3n] ;DalGwt

kIfsf] /f]xj/df ug]{ . Sofd/f cg'udg nufot o; ;DaGwsf cGo lj:t[t k|fljlws

ljj/0f ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3, g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_ / g]kfn ;/sf/sf ;xdltn] tof/ ug]{ .

$=#= dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x? c:yfoL lzlj/df al;;s]kl5 pgLx?sf] /;bkfgL nufot

cGo cfjZos Joj:yf g]kfn ;/sf/n] ug]{ .

$=$ dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x?sf] /]vb]v, ;dfof]hg / k'g:yf{kgf lglDt cGtl/d

dlGqkl/ifb\n] ljz]if sld6L agfP/ sfd ug]{ .

$=% dfcf]jfbL g]tfx?sf] ;'/Iff Joj:yf ;/sf/;Fusf] ;xdltn] ug]{ .

g]kfnL ;]gfsf] ;DaGwdf –

$=^ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3nfO{ k|]lift kqdf JoQm k|ltj4tf cg';f/ g]kfnL ;]gf Aof/]sleq ;Lldt

/xg] . p;sf xltof/x? s;}sf] klg kIf of ljkIfdf k|of]u gx'g] s'/fsf] k|Tofe"lt ug]{ .

dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf tk{maf6 e08f/0f ePsf xltof/sf] a/fa/L ;+Vofdf g]kfnL ;]gfn] klg

cfˆgf xltof/x? ;'/lIft e08f/0f ug]{ / Psn tfNrf nufO{ rfjL ;DjlGwt kIfn] g}

/fVg] . ;f] tfNrf nufpg] k|lqmofdf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] lgu/fgLsf] nflu p;sf] /]s8{,



83

;fO/g ;lxtsf] ;+oGq (Device) ;lDdlnt ug]{ . e08f/0f ul/Psf xftxltof/x?sf]

cfjZos hfFr ug'{ kbf{ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3n] ;DalGwt kIfsf] /f]xj/df ug]{ . Sofd/f

cg'udg nufot o; ;DaGwsf cGo lj:t[t k|fljlws ljj/0f ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3, g]kfn

;/sf/ / g]=s=kf=-dfcf]jfbL_ sf] ;xdltn] tof/ ug]{ .

$=&= g]kfnL ;]gfsf] lgoGq0f, kl/rfng / Joj:yfkg gofF ;}lgs P]g adf]lhd dlGqkl/ifb\n]

ug]{ . cGtl/d dlGqkl/ifb\n] /fhgLlts ;xdlt / cGtl/d Joj:yflksfsf] ;DalGwt

;ldlt;d]tsf] ;'emfj lnP/ g]kfnL ;]gfsf] nf]stflGqs/0fsf] lj:t[t sfo{of]hgf th'{df /

sfof{Gjog ug]{ . o; cGtu{t g]kfnL ;]gfsf] pko'Qm ;+Vof, nf]stflGqs ;+/rgf, /fli6«o

/ ;dfj]zL rl/q lgdf{0f ub}{ nf]stGq / dfgjclwsf/sf] d"Noåf/f ;]gfnfO{ k|lzlIft

ug]{ nufotsf sfdx? ug]{ .

$=* g]kfnL ;]gfn] ub}{ cfPsf ;Ldf ;'/Iff, cf/If, lgs'~h, a}+s, ljdfg:yn, ljB'tu[x,

6]lnkmf]g 6fj/, s]Gb|Lo ;lrjfno, ljlzi6 JolQmx?sf] ;'/Iff nufotsf sfdx?nfO{

lg/Gttf lbg] .

%=%=%=%= o'4lj/fdo'4lj/fdo'4lj/fdo'4lj/fd M M M M

%=! ;}Go sf/jfxL / ;z:q kl/rfngsf] cGTo M

%=!=!= b'j} kIf b]xfodf plNnlvt sfo{ gug]{ k|ltj4tf JoQm ub{5g\ M–

s_ k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf?kdf Ps csf{]k|lt nlIft s'g} klg lsl;dsf] xft

xltof/sf] k|of]u jf cfqmd0f ug{] sfo{,

v_ b'j} kIfsf] ;xdltn] xftxltof/ e08f/0f ul/Psf] :yfgdf xftxltof/;lxt

of /lxt?kdf csf]{ kIfsf] xftxltof/ vfgtnf;L jf j/fdbL ug{] sfo{,

u_ s'g} JolQmnfO{ gf]S;fgL ug]{ jf dfgl;s bjfj k'¥ofpg] sfo{,

3_ Ps csf{nfO{ nlIft u/L w/fk -PDa';_ yfKg] sfo{,

ª_ xTof tyf lx+;fTds sf/jfxLx?

r_ ckx/0f÷kqmfp÷ y'g5]s÷a]kQf kfg]{ sfo{

5_ ;fj{hlgs÷lghL÷;/sf/L jf ;}lgs ;DklQ gf]S;fgL,

h_ xjfO{ cfqmd0f jf aDaf/L,

em_ hldg d'gL af?b lj5\ofpg] sfo{ -dfOlgË_ / ljWj+;fTds sfo{ -:ofjf]6]h_,

`_ Ps csf{sf] ;}lgs ultljlwsf] ;'/fsL ug{] sfo{ .

%=!=@ b'j} kIfn] yk ;}Go etL{ ug{] 5}gg\ / xftxltof/, uf]nLu¶f tyf ljikmf]6s kbfy{

cf];f/ k;f/ jf Ps csf{ lj?4 ;}lgs xs{t ug{] 5}gg\ .



84

t/, cGt/f{li6«o ;Ldf / eG;f/ ljGb'df xft xltof/, ljikmf]6s kbfy{ jf

To;sf] c+z jf sRrf kbfy{ h:tf ;fdfgx? u}/sfg"gL ?kdf cf];f/ k;f/

ug{] sfo{ /f]Sg] ;DaGwdf cGtl/d ;/sf/n] ;'/Iff lgsfo kl/rfng u/L

u:tL ug{, vfgtnf;L ug{ jf j/fdbL ug{ ;Sg]5 .

%=!=# s'g} klg JolQm jf ;d"x cj}w xft xltof/, uf]nLu¶f / ljikmf]6s kbfy{ ;fydf

lnO{ cfjthfjt ug{] 5}gg\ .

%=!=$ b'j} kIf o'4sf] ;dodf k|of]u ul/Psf w/fk tyf af?bL ;'?Ëx?sf] /]vfÍg,

e08f/0f #) lbgleq Ps csf{nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg / ^) lbgleq lgis[o / lgd"{n

ug{ Ps csf{nfO{ ;xof]u ug{]5g\ .

%=!=% s'g} klg gful/s ;ef jf /fhg}lts ;ef jf ;fj{hlgs sfo{qmddf b'j} kIfsf

;]gf xltof/ jf sDJof6 kf]zfs;lxt pkl:yt x'g] 5}gg\ .

%=!=^ g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:q k|x/Ln] hgcfGbf]ng / zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] dd{ / efjgf

cg'?k tyf k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd sfg"g Joj:yf / zflGt ;'Joj:yf Pj+ ck/fw

cg';Gwfgsf] sfo{ rfn' /fVg]5 .

%=!=& Ps kIfsf ;z:q JolQmn] csf{] kIfsf ;z:q JolQmnfO{ …zq'Ú egL ;Daf]wg ug{

/ Jojxf/ ug{ ;d]t /f]s nufpg] u/L cf–cfˆgf ;z:q lgsfo / JolQmnfO{

kl/kq ug{]5g\ .

%=!=* ;z:q åGåsf] qmddf sAhf ul/Psf, tfnf nufOPsf jf k|of]u ug{

glbOPsf ;/sf/L, ;fj{hlgs, lghL ejg, hldg tyf cGo ;DklQx? nut v8f

u/L tTsfn lkmtf{ ug{ b'j} kIf ;xdlt JoQm ub{5g\ .

%=@ l:ylt ;fdfGoLs/0fsf pkfox?M

%=@=! OR5f ljk/Lt tyf k|rlnt sfg'g k|lts"n gub tyf lhG;L ;+sng / s/ c;"nL

ug{ kfOg] 5}g .

%=@=@ cfˆgf sAhfdf /x]sf dflg;x?sf] af/]df hfgsf/L ;fj{hlgs u/L !% lbgleq

;a}nfO{ d'Qm ug{ b'j} kIf d~h'/ ub{5g\ .

%=@=# b'j} kIfåf/f j]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx?sf] tyf o'4sf] ;dodf dfl/Psfx?sf]

jf:tljs gfd,y/ / 3/sf] 7]ufgf ;Demf}tf ePsf] ldltn] ^) lbgleq ;"rgfx?

;fj{hlgs u/L kl/jf/hgnfO{ ;d]t hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg d~h'/ ub{5g\ .

%=@=$ b'j} kIf ;z:q åGåaf6 pTkGg ljifd kl/l:yltnfO{ ;fdfGoLs/0f ub{} ;dfhdf

zflGt sfod u/fpg tyf o'4af6 kLl8t / lj:yflkt JolQmx?sf] nflu /fxt sfo{ /



85

k'g:yf{kg u/fpg /fli6«o zflGt tyf k'g:yf{kg cfof]u u7g ug{ / To;dfkm{t\

o;;DaGwL sfd cufl8 a9fpg ;xdt 5g\ .

%=@=% b'j} kIf ;z:q åGåsf qmddf dfgj clwsf/sf] u+eL/ pNn+3g ug]{ tyf dfgjtf

lj?4sf] ck/fwdf ;+nUgx?sf] af/]df ;To cGj]if0f ug{ / ;dfhdf d]nldnfksf]

jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ cfk;L ;xdltaf6 pRr:t/Lo ;To lg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk

cfof]usf] u7g ug{ ;xdt 5g\ .

%=@=^ b'j} kIf g]kfnL ;dfhdf nf]stGq, zflGt / cu|ufdL kl/jt{g ;'lglZrt ug]{

k|ltj4tfsf;fy b]zdf ljBdfg ;a} :j?ksf o'4, cfqmd0f, k|Tofqmd0f, lx+;f /

k|ltlx+;f kl/Tofu ug]{ k|lt1f ub{5g\ . zflGt :yfkgf / zflGt ;'/Iffsf]

Joj:yfdf b'j} kIfn] Ps csf{nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ s'/fdf ;xdlt /x]sf] 5 .

%=@=& b'j} kIf ljleGg JolQmx?nfO{ /fhgLlts sf/0fn] nufOPsf cf/f]k, bfjL,

ph'/L / ljrf/fwLg /x]sf d'2fdfldnf lkmtf{ lng / y'gfdf /flvPsf aGbLx?sf]

l:ylt tTsfn} ;fj{hlgs u/L t'?Gt l/xf ul/g] Uof/]G6L ub{5g\ .

%=@=* b'j} kIf ;z:q åGåsf] qmddf lj:yflkt JolQmx?nfO{ /fhgLlts k"jf{u|x lagf

:j]R5fn] cf–cfˆgf] k}t[s jf k"j{ a;f]af;sf] :yfgdf kms{g lbg, o'4sf sf/0fn] gi6

ePsf k"jf{wf/x? k'glg{df{0f ug{ / lj:yflkt JolQmx?nfO{ ;;Ddfg k'g{:yfkgf tyf

;fdfhLs/0f ug{ k|ltj4tf JoQm ub{5g\ .

%=@=( pk/f]Qm ;Gbe{df pTkGg ;d:ofx? cfk;L ;xdltsf] cfwf/df ;dfwfg ug{ Pj+

cfk;L ;DaGw ;fdfGoLs/0f tyf d]nldnfk ug{ cg's'n jftfj/0f >[hgf ug{] sfo{df

;a} /fhlglts bnx?, gful/s ;dfh / :yfgLo ;+3 ;+:yfx? ;d]tsf] ;xof]udf

JolQmut tyf ;fd'lxs ?kdf pQ/bfloTj lnO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ u/fpg b'j} kIf ;xdt

5g\ .

%=@=!) b'j} kIf kl/jf/sf s'g} ;b:o Ps csf{ kIf;Fu ;Dj4 ePsf cfwf/df kl/jf/sf

cGo ;b:ox?dfly s'g} klg lje]b gug{ / s'g} klg bjfj glbg k|lta4tf hfx]/

ub{5g\ .

%=@=!! g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf ;fj{hlgs lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ b]zsf] s'g} klg

efudf :jtGq ?kdf cfjthfjt ug{, cfˆgf] st{Jo kfng ug{ tyf cfkm\gf]

sfo{;Dkfbgsf] qmddf ltgLx?nfO{ s'g} klg lsl;dsf] jfwf cj/f]w v8f gug{ /

To:tf] cj/f]w v8f x'g glbg tyf pgLx?sf] sfddf ;xof]u ug{ b'j} kIf ;xdt

5g\ .



86

%=@=!@ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3, cGt/f{li6«o bft[ ;d'bfo nufot g]kfn l:yt s"6g}lts lgof]u,

/fli6«o jf cGt/f{li6«o u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf, k|];, dfgj clwsf/jfbLx?, lgjf{rg

ko{j]Ifs tyf ljb]zL ko{6sx?nfO{ g]kfn /fHoleq sfg'g adf]lhd lgjf{w cfjt

hfjt ug{ lbg] s'/fdf b'j} kIf ;xdt 5g\ .

%=@=!# b'j} kIf k|rf/–k|;f/sf sfo{qmdx? lzi6 / dof{lbt 9Ën] ;+rfng ug{ k|lta4

5g\ .

^=^=^=^= o'4 ;dflKto'4 ;dflKto'4 ;dflKto'4 ;dflKt M M M M

^=! @)^# sflt{s @@ ut] ;ft /fhgLlts bn / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr ;DkGg P]ltxfl;s

;xdltsf] cfwf/df ;/sf/ dfcf]jfbLaLr rfn" o'4lj/fdnfO{ :yfoL ?k lbb} @)%@

;fnb]lv rlncfPsf] ;z:q o'4 ;dfKt ePsf] 3f]if0ff ub{5f}+ .

^=@ ;ft bn / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf zLif{ g]tfx?sf] @)^# ;fn sflt{s @@ ut]sf]

a}7saf6 ePsf lg0f{ox? bL3{sfnLg zflGtsf] nflu d"n gLltut cfwf/ x'g]5g\ .

^=# g]kfnL ;]gf Aof/]sdf / dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x? c:yfoL lzlj/df cfO;s]kl5

;xdlt, ;Demf}tf / sfg'g k|lts"n xltof/ /fVg, k|bz{g, 8/qf; / s'g} klg ?kdf lx+;f

/ xltof/sf] k|of]u ug{ sfg"gtM b08gLo x'g]5 .

^=$ b'j} kIfsf ;]gfn] s;}sf] kIf jf ljkIfdf k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{ / kIf ljkIfdf nfUg

kfpg] 5}gg\ . t/ pgLx?nfO{ dtflwsf/af6 jl~rt ul/g]5}g .

&=&=&=&= dfgj clwsf/, df}lns clwsf/ / dfgjLo sfg"gsf] kl/kfngfdfgj clwsf/, df}lns clwsf/ / dfgjLo sfg"gsf] kl/kfngfdfgj clwsf/, df}lns clwsf/ / dfgjLo sfg"gsf] kl/kfngfdfgj clwsf/, df}lns clwsf/ / dfgjLo sfg"gsf] kl/kfngf M M M M dfgj clwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL

3f]if0ffkq, !($* tyf cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo sfg"g / dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL cfwf/e"t

l;4fGt / dfGotfx?k|lt k|ltj4 /xFb} b'j} kIf b]xfosf ljifox?df cfkm\gf] ;xdlt hgfpF5g\

M

&=! dfgj clwsf/ M

&=!=! b'j} kIfn] dfgj clwsf/k|ltsf] ;Ddfg / ;+/If0f tyf cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo

sfg"gk|ltsf] k|ltj4tfsf] k'gMk'li6 ub{5g\ / s'g} klg JolQm pk/ j0f{, lnË, efiff,

wd{, pd]/, hft hflt, /fli6«o jf ;fdflhs pTklQ, ;DklQ, ckfËtf, hGd / cGo

x}l;ot, ljrf/ jf cf:yfsf] cfwf/df e]befj x'g' x'Fb}g eGg] s'/fnfO{ :jLsf/

ub{5g\ .

&=!=@ b'j} kIf g]kfnL hgtfsf] gful/s, /fhg}lts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts

clwsf/sf] pkef]u ug{] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{ ;xdt 5g\ / eljiodf s'g} klg

cj:yfdf o:tf clwsf/ xgg gx'g] jftfj/0f agfpg k|ltj4 5g\ .



87

&=!=# b'j} kIf ;Demf}tf kqdf pNn]v ePsf clwsf/sf] pkef]udf afwf k'¥ofpg]

lhDd]jf/ JolQmx? dfly sfg'g cg';f/ lgikIf 5fgjLg tyf sf/jfxL x'g]5 egL

k|ltj4tf hfx]/ ub{5g\ / b08lxgtfnfO{ k|>o glbg] ;'lglZrttf k|bfg ub{5g\ .

o;sf ;fy} åGå / oftgf kLl8t tyf j]kQf kfl/Psfx?sf] kl/jf/sf] /fxt k|fKt

ug{] clwsf/nfO{ ;d]t ;'lglZrt ub{5g\ .

&=!=$ b'j} kIfn] ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ oftgf lbg], ckx/0f ug{], ha/h:tL s'g} sfddf nufpg]

sfd ug]{ 5}gg\ / To:tf sfo{nfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{ cfjZos sf/afxL ;d]t ug{]5g\ .

&=!=% b'j} kIfn] wd{ lg/k]Iftfsf] d"No dfGotfsf cfwf/df s'g} klg ;fdflhs,

;f+:s[lts, wfld{s ;+j]bgzLntf, wfld{s :yn / JolQmsf] wfld{s cf:yfsf]

;Ddfg ug{]5g\ .

&=@ afFRg kfpg] clwsf/ M

&=@=!= b'j} kIfn] JolQmsf] afFRg kfpg] cfwf/e"t clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg / ;+/If0f ub{5g\ .

s;}nfO{ klg of] cfwf/e"t clwsf/af6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g tyf d[To'b08 lbOg] u/L

s'g} klg sfg'g agfOg] 5}g .

&=# j}olQms dof{bf, :jtGqtf / cfjthfjtsf] clwsf/

&=#=!= b'j} kIfn] j}olQms dof{bfsf] clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg / /Iff ub{5g\ . o; l;nl;nfdf

sfg"g adf]lhd :jtGqtfsf] pkef]u ug{af6 jl~rt JolQm nufot sf]xL klg

oftgf jf cGo q'm/, cdfgjLo jf ckdfghgs Jojxf/ jf ;hfosf kfq x'g]

5}gg\ . sfg'gtM gful/ssf] uf]kgLotfsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;Ddfg ul/g]5 .

&=#=@= b'j} kIfn] JolQmsf] :jtGqtf / ;'/Iffsf] clwsf/sf] k"0f{ ;Ddfg ub}{ s;}nfO{

klg :j]R5frf/L jf u}/sfg"gL y'gfdf /fVg], ckx/0f ug]{ jf aGws agfpg]

5}gg\ . b'j} kIfn] a]kQf kf/]sf / sAhfdf /fv]sf k|To]s JolQmsf] cj:yf

;fj{hlgs ug{ / ltgLx?sf kl/jf/hg, sfg"gL ;Nnfxsf/ / cGo cflwsfl/s

JolQmnfO{ o;;+u ;DalGwt hfgsf/L lbg ;xdt 5g\ .

&=#=# b'j} kIfn] k|To]s gful/ssf] :jtGqtfk"j{s cfjthfjt ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ tyf

cfˆgf] a;f]af;sf] :yfg sfg'gL dof{bfdf /xL 5fGg] :jtGqtfnfO{ ;Ddfg tyf

;+/If0f ub}{ åGåaf6 lj:yflkt ePsf JolQm / lghsf kl/jf/x? cfˆgf] d"n

af;:yfgdf kms{g kfpg] jf ltgLx?n] rfx] cg';f/ cGo s'g} 7fpFdf a;f]af;

ug{ kfpg] clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ug{] k|ltj4tf JoQm ub{5g\ .

&=$ gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/



88

&=$=! b'j} kIf k|To]s JolQmsf] ljrf/, cleJolQm, ;+3;+:yf vf]Ng] tyf zflGtk"j{s e]nf

x'g] :jtGqtf tyf zf]if0f lj?4sf] xssf] ;Ddfg / ;+/If0f ug{ k|ltj4 5g\ .

&=$=@ b'j} kIf k|To]s gful/snfO{ k|ToIf jf cfk"mn] OR5fPsf] k|ltlglw dfkm{t\

;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] ljifodf efu lng], dtbfg ug{], lgjf{lrt x'g] / ;fj{hlgs

;]jfdf k|j]zsf] ;dfgtfsf] clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ub{5g\ .

&=$=# b'j} kIf JolQmsf] ;';"lrt x'g] clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ug{ k|ltj4 5g\ .

&=% cfly{s– ;fdflhs clwsf/

&=%=! JolQmn] :jtGq?kn] 5fg]sf] jf :jLsf/]sf] /f]huf/L u/L hLjg ofkg ug{]

clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg tyf ;+/If0f ug{ b'j} kIf k|ltj4 5g\ .

&=%=@= b'j} kIf ;a} hgtfsf] vfB ;'/Iff ;DaGwL xssf] ;Ddfg Pjd\ k|Tofe"lt ug{

k|ltj4 5g\ . vfBj:t', vfB pTkfbg, vfBfGgsf] k|of]u, cf];f/k;f/ tyf

ljt/0f sfo{df s'g} x:tIf]k gul/g] ;'lglZrttf ub{5g\ .

&=%=# b'j} kIf gful/ssf] :jf:Yo;DaGwL xssf] ;Ddfg / ;+/If0f ug'{k5{ eGg] s'/fnfO{

cfTd;ft ub{5g\ . b'j} kIfn] cf}iflwsf] cfk"lt{, ;xfotf Pjd\\ :jf:Yo;DaGwL

cleofgdf jfwf k'¥ofpg] 5}gg\ / åGåsf] sf/0faf6 3fOt] ePsfx?sf] cf}iflw

pkrf/ ug{ Pj+ k'g{:yfkgfsf] sfo{ ug{ k|ltj4tf JoQm ub{5g\ .

&=%=$ b'j} kIfn] ;a}nfO{ lzIff;DaGwL clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"lt / ;Ddfg ug'{k5{ eGg]

s'/fnfO{ cfTd;ft ub{} lzIf0f ;+:yfdf pko'Qm z}lIfs jftfj/0f sfod ug{

k|ltj4 5g\ . b'j} kIf lzIff;DaGwL xssf] pNn+3g gx'g] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf

ug{ ;xdt 5g\ . lzIf0f ;+:yfnfO{ sAhfdf lng] Pjd\ k|of]u ug{] / lzIfs

ljBfyL{x?nfO{ a]kQf kfg{] jf sAhf jf ckx/0f ug{] sfo{ tTsfn /f]Sg /

ljBfno tyf c:ktfnnfO{ c;/ kfg]{ u/L ;}Go Jof/]s g/fVg ;xdlt JoQm

ub{5g\ .

&=%=% sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s s;}sf] klg JolQmut ;DklQ hkmt jf sAhf ul/g] 5}g

eGg] s'/fdf b'j} kIf ;xdlt JoQm ub{5g\ .

&=%=^ b'j} kIf d'n'sdf cf}Bf]lus jftfj/0fnfO{ gvNjNofO{ pTkfbg sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf

lbg, cf}Bf]lus k|lti7fgdf ;fd"lxs ;f}bfjfhLsf] xs Pj+ ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf]

;Ddfg ug{, cf}Bf]lus k|lti7fg / >ldsaLr s'g} ;d:of pTkGg ePdf

pgLx?nfO{ zflGtk"0f{ ?kdf ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ k|]l/t ug{] s'/fdf ljZjf;

ub{5g\ / cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gn] to u/]sf] sfdsf] clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ub{5g\ .

&=^ dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/



89

&=^=! b'j} kIf dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfsf clwsf/x?sf] ljz]if ;+/If0f ug{, s'g} klg

k|sf/sf] of}ghGo zf]if0f tyf b'Jo{jxf/ nufot dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf lj?4 x'g]

jfn>d nufotsf ;a} vfn] lx+;fTds sfo{x?dfly tTsfn /f]s nufpg / c7f/

jif{ jf ;f]eGbf d'lgsf s]6fs]6Lx?nfO{ s'g} klg ;}Goandf ;dfj]z jf pkof]u gug{

k"0f{ ?kdf ;xdt 5g\ . o;/L k|efljt afnaflnsfx? t'?Gt p4f/ ul/g] 5g\ /

ltgLx?sf] k'g:yf{kgsf] nflu cfjZos / oyf]lrt ;xof]u k|bfg ul/g]5 .

&=&= j}olQms :jtGqtfsf] clwsf/

&=&=!= b'j} kIf cf:yf / ljrf/sf] :jtGqtf, jfs tyf k|sfzg :jtGqtf, zflGtk"j{s /

lagf xftxltof/ e]nf x'g] :jtGqtf, cfjfudgsf] :jtGqtf, cfkm"v'zL k]zf

Joj;fo ug{, ;DklQ cfh{g / ef]urng ug]{ :jtGqtf, zflGtk"0f{ /fhgLlts

s[ofsnfkdf ;xefuL x'g] :jtGqtf, sfg'gsf] gh/df ;a} ;dfg x'g] /

;lxi0f'tfk"0f{ Gofo Joj:yf ;~rfng ug{ u/fpg ;xdt 5g\ .

*=*=*=*= dte]b lg?k0f tyf sfof{Gjog ;+oGqdte]b lg?k0f tyf sfof{Gjog ;+oGqdte]b lg?k0f tyf sfof{Gjog ;+oGqdte]b lg?k0f tyf sfof{Gjog ;+oGq M M M M

*=! b'j} kIf ljutdf eP u/]sf q'l6x?nfO{ eljiodf gbf]xf]¥ofpg] / qmlds ?kdf ;Rof+pb}

n}hfg] u/L j}olQms Pjd\ ;fd'lxs ?kdf pQ/bfoL x'g] ;xdlt k|s6 ub{5g\ .

*=@ /fli6«o zflGt tyf k'g:yf{kg cfof]un] zflGt cleofgnfO{ ;kmn agfpg cfjZostf

cg';f/ ;+oGqx?sf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg]5 . cfof]usf] u7g / sfo{ljlw cGtl/d

dlGqkl/ifb\n] to u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

*=# b'j} kIf jt{dfg / eljiodf x'g ;Sg] ;a} lsl;dsf kf/:kl/s dte]b jf ;d:ofnfO{

cfk;L ;Djfb, ;dembf/L, ;xdlt tyf jftf{sf] dfWodaf6 ;dfwfg ug{ k|lta4 5g\ .

*=$ of] ;Demf}tf, cGtl/d ;+ljwfg tyf ;ft bn Pj+ g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr

ePsf ;a} lg0f{o, ;xdlt / ;dembf/Lx? sfof{Gjog ug{ cGtl/d dlGqkl/ifb\n] /fli6«o

zflGt tyf k'g:yf{kg cfof]u, ;To lg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u, /fHosf] k'g;{+/rgf

;DaGwL pRr:t/Lo ;'emfj cfof]u nufot cfjZostf cg';f/sf cGo ;+oGqx?sf]

u7g ug]{ / ltgLx?sf] sfo{ljlw lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg] s'/fdf b'j} kIf k|lta4tf JoQm

ub{5g\ .

(=(=(=(= sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udgsfof{Gjog tyf cg'udgsfof{Gjog tyf cg'udgsfof{Gjog tyf cg'udg M M M M o; ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ul/Psf ;xdltsf] sfof{Gjog tyf To;sf]

cg'udgsf] nflu lgDg Joj:yf ug{ b'j} kIf ;xdt ePsf 5g\ –

(=! b'j} kIf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo dfgj clwsf/ pRrfo'Qmsf] g]kfn l:yt sfof{noaf6 o;

;Demf}tfdf pNn]lvt dfgjclwsf/ ;DaGwL k|fjwfgx?sf]] cg'udgsf] sfdnfO{

lg/Gt/tf lbg ;xdt 5g\ .



90

(=@ b'j} kIf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3sf] g]kfn l:yt ldzgaf6 k"j{ k|]lift kfFr a'Fb] kq / o;

;Demf}tfdf pNn]v eP cg';f/ ;}Go tyf xltof/ Joj:yfkgsf] cg'udg u/fpg ;xdt

5g\ / To; sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg k|ltj4tf JoQm ub{5g\ .

(=# b'j} kIf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3af6 ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] ko{j]If0f u/fpg ;xdt 5g\ .

(=$ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] sfg"g adf]lhd lgjf{x ug'{ kg{] bfloTjsf ;fy} o;

;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ul/Psf dfgj clwsf/ cg'udg ;DaGwL sfo{x? klg ;Dkfbg

ug]{5 . cfof]un] cfkm \gf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ qmddf dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL /fli6«o

tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+3;+:yf;Fu cfjZos ;dGjo u/L ;xof]u lng ;Sg]5 .

(=% dfly pNn]lvt ;a} lgsfon] lbPsf k|ltj]bgx? a'‰g, cg'/f]w u/]sf ;"rgfx? pknAw

u/fpg tyf ltgn] lbPsf ;'emfj tyf l;kmfl/;x?sf] sfof{Gjog ;xdlt / 5nkmnsf]

cfwf/df ug{ b'j} kIf ;xdt 5g\ .

!)=!)=!)=!)= ljljwljljwljljwljljw M M M M

!)=! sflt{s @@ ut]sf] lg0f{osf] dd{ / zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] efjgf cg'?k ;/sf/ jf /fHo

;+oGqsf s'g} klg If]qdf ;dfgfGt/ jf cGo :j?ksf] ;+oGq ;~rfng gug{ b'j} kIf

;xdt 5g\ .

!)=@ b'j} kIf k|:t't ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZostfg';f/ cGo k"/s

;xdltx?df x:tfIf/ ug{ d~h'/ ub{5g\ .

!)=# b'j} kIfsf] ;xdltaf6 k|:t't ;Demf}tfdf s'g} klg ;dodf ;+zf]wg ug{ ;lsg] 5 .

;+zf]wg ug{ rfx]df ;f] sf] lnlvt ;"rgf csf]{ kIfnfO{ k|bfg ug{ b'j} kIf ;xdt 5g\ .

To;/L ;"rgf k|fKt ePkl5 b'j} kIfsf] ;xdltaf6 ;+zf]wg ug{ ;lsg]5 . To:tf]

;+zf]wgn] ug]{ Joj:yf dfGotf k|fKt Go"gtd cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/, dfgjLo

sfg"gsf] dfkb08 tyf zflGt :yfkgfsf] d"n dd{eGbf Go"g x'g] 5}g .

!)=$ of] ;Demf}tfsf] s'g} JofVofdf s'g} ljjfb pTkGg ePdf of] ;Demf}tfsf] k|:tfjgf / cg';"rLdf

;ª\nUg b:tfj]hx?sf cfwf/df b'j} kIf ;lDdlnt ;+o'Qm ;+oGqn] JofVof ug]{ 5 / of]

JofVof clGtd x'g]5 .

!)=% cGtl/d Joj:yflksf –;+;b u7g eP kl5 o; ;Demf}tfdf pNn]lvt …b'O{ kIfÚ sf]

cjwf/0ff tyf l:ylt :jtM ;dfKt x'g]5 . o;kl5 o; ;Demf}tfdf pNn]lvt ;Dk"0f{

cleef/f sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg] bfloTj cGtl/d dlGqkl/ifb\n] Joj:yf u/] adf]lhd

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91

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92

Agreement

on Monitoring of the Management of Arms and Armies 8 December 2006

Preamble

In keeping with the letters to the United Nations (UN) Secretary-General of 9

August and the Comprehensive Peace Accord of 21 November 2006;

Guaranteeing the fundamental right of the Nepali people to take part in the

constituent assembly elections in a free and fair environment without fear;

Declaring the beginning of a new chapter of peaceful democratic interaction by

ending the armed conflict taking place in the country since 1996, based on the

Comprehensive Peace Accord between the two parties in order to accomplish,

through the constituent assembly, certainty of sovereignty of the Nepali people,

progressive political outlet, democratic restructuring of the state, and social-

economic-cultural transformation; and,

Affirming the will to fully observe the terms of this bilateral agreement witnessed

by the United Nations:

The parties agree to seek UN assistance in monitoring the management of the

arms and armies of both sides by the deployment of qualified UN civilian personnel

to monitor, according to international norms, the confinement of Maoist army

combatants and their weapons within designated cantonment areas and monitor the

Nepal Army (NA) to ensure that it remains in its barracks and its weapons are not

used against any side.

1. Modalities of the Agreement

1.1 Principles

Neither of the parties shall engage in movement or redeployment of

forces resulting in tactical or strategic advantage.

Any claims or reports of violations of this agreement will be reported to UN

monitors, substantiated or not substantiated, and subsequently reported to the

parties through the appropriate representative of the UN Mission in Nepal.



93

The security forces deployed by the interim government shall have

authority to conduct routine patrol, explore in order to prevent illegal

trafficking of the weapons, explosives or raw materials used in assembling

weapons at the international border or custom points and seize them.

Both parties agree to allow the United Nations, international donor

agencies and diplomatic missions based in Nepal, national and international

non-governmental organizations, press, human rights activists, election

observers and foreign tourists to travel unrestricted according to law in the

state of Nepal. The parties will ensure the safety, security, freedom of

movement and well-being of UN Mission and associated personnel, goods

and services in all parts of Nepal.

The parties shall immediately take all necessary measures to cooperate with

efforts aimed at controlling illicit trafficking of arms and the infiltration of

armed groups.

Both parties fully agree to not include or use children who are 18 years

old and under in the armed forces. Children thus affected would be

immediately rescued and necessary and appropriate assistance will be

provided for their rehabilitation.

1.2 Definitions

The following definitions are accepted:

(1) Cantonment (Maoist army) is a temporarily designated and clearly

defined geographical area for encampment and provision of services

for the Maoist combatant units including weapons, ammunition and

equipment. The cantonments are provided for all echelons of the

Maoist army.

(2) Barracking (NA) is the deployment of Nepal Army units to barracks,

including weapons, ammunition and equipment. No units below a

company level will be independently deployed unless for activities

specified elsewhere in this agreement or otherwise mutually agreed by

the parties.



94

(3) Secure arms storage areas are either military barracks with regular

armoury stores used for storage of weapons, munitions and explosives,

or storage containers established in special perimeters at cantonment

sites controlled and guarded by the responsible unit.

(4) "The parties" refers to the party of Government of Nepal (including

the Nepal Army) and the party of the Communist Party of Nepal

(Maoist), (including the Maoist Army).

(5) UN Monitoring refers to all efforts by the United Nations Mission to

determine relative compliance with the terms spelled out in this

agreement and to report to all the parties and others concerned its

findings.

(6) The Joint Monitoring Coordination Committee (JMCC) is the

monitoring, reporting and coordinating body chaired by the UN with

membership of the parties. The JMCC is responsible for supervising

compliance by the parties with this agreement in accordance with

provision 6.1 of this agreement.

(7) Joint Monitoring Teams (JMTs) are the bodies which will assist in

monitoring the cessation of hostilities. The Joint Monitoring Teams will

be active at the regional and local level and in mobile teams. Each team

will be comprised of one UN monitor serving as team leader, one monitor

from Nepal Army and one monitor from the Maoist Army. Joint

Monitoring Teams will not be used for weapons storage inspections.

Inspections at Maoist army cantonments will take place with a UN

monitoring team and a representative of the Maoist army. Inspections at

Nepal Army barracks will take place with a UN monitoring team and a

Nepal Army representative.

(8) Maoist army combatants: For purposes of this agreement this will

include regular active duty members of the Maoist army who joined

service before 25 May 2006, who are not minors and who are able to

demonstrate their service, including by CPN (M) identity card and

other means agreed by the parties.



95

1.3 Promotion

The parties shall promote awareness of this agreement, and adherence to

its provisions, among their commanders, members and affiliated groups.

The parties, Government of Nepal, Nepal Army (NA), CPN (M) and the

Maoist army, shall design, in cooperation with the UN Mission, an awareness

programme to ensure that local communities and the parties’ commanders,

members and affiliated groups understand the mandate of the UN Mission

and all of the obligations of the parties spelled out in this agreement. The

information programmes shall include the use of meetings and print and

electronic media in local languages.

1.4 Phases

This agreement shall come into force upon signing. Thereafter it shall be

implemented in phases, as follows:

(1) Reporting and verification;

(2) Redeployment and concentration of forces;

(3) Maoist army cantonment, NA barracking and arms control; and,

(4) Full compliance with the agreement.

A full and practical timeline will be established by the parties for all

of these activities to take place in consultation with the UN.

2. Reporting and verification

The parties will report detailed information about their troops and this

information will be treated with appropriate confidentiality by the United

Nations. The parties will provide maps and sketches showing current

dispositions, including:

(1) Order of battle/military structure, organisation, deployment and number of

troops;

(2) Minefields, landmines, unexploded ordnance, standard explosives,

improvised explosive devices and exact location of such items;

(3) All necessary information about roads, tracks, trails and passages related to

encampments;



96

(4) Information regarding armed or unarmed groups working along with the

parties, the Nepal Army (NA) and the Maoist army, including their

responsibilities; and,

(5) Other information required by the UN for proper monitoring of the

disposition of arms and armies.

The UN Mission shall check this information immediately after monitors are

deployed.

3. Redeployment and concentration of forces

Comprehensive plans, timelines and routes for the redeployment and

concentration of forces will be provided by both the NA and Maoist army to the

UN Mission.

The redeployment and concentration of all combatants in Nepal -- with the

NA in barracks and the Maoist army moving in to cantonment sites -- shall be

carried out in consultation with the UN. The redeployment and cantonment of

forces will be monitored by the UN monitors after they are deployed.

Both sides express an understanding to create a record of government,

public and private buildings, land and other properties and return them

immediately.

The parties will withdraw all military and paramilitary checkpoints (unless

explicitly permitted in this agreement) to promote and guarantee free movement

and create an environment free of fear and intimidation.

The Nepal Police and Armed Police Force shall continue the task of

maintaining law and order and conduct criminal investigations as per the spirit and

sentiment of the Jana Andolan and peace accord as well as the prevailing law.

Both parties agree not to operate parallel or other forms of mechanism in any areas

of the state or state machinery as per the spirit of the decisions of November 8,

2006 and the essence of the peace accord. All sides agree to let employees of

Nepal Government and public agencies travel freely to any part of the country, to

fulfill their duties and not to create any obstacle or obstruction while executing

their work or not to let obstructions to arise and to facilitate their work.



97

4. Maoist Army cantonment, barracking of the NA and arms control

4.1 Maoist army cantonment

In accordance with the commitment expressed in the letter sent to the

United Nations, Maoist army combatants and their weapons shall be

confined within designated cantonment areas. The cantonment shall be

based on comprehensive planning and preparation before implementation.

After the Maoist army combatants stay in the temporary cantonments, the

Government of Nepal will provide food supplies and other necessary

arrangements. When implemented, the comprehensive concept shall ensure

good communications and proper logistics. UN monitors will have access to

any and all cantonment sites for purposes of monitoring.

4.1.1 Commanders’ responsibilities

The normal Maoist army chain of command, control,

communication and information will be utilised to control the Maoist

army cantonment, using the normal Maoist army structure in

administration of the sites.

There will be seven main cantonment sites and 21 satellite

cantonment sites of three per main cantonment site. The satellite sites

will be clustered no more than two hours driving distance from the

main sites unless otherwise agreed by the parties.

The designated seven main sites will be under command, control,

communication and information of the Maoist army site commander and

the satellite sites by the designated satellite commanders. The site

commanders shall provide the following information in detail for each

site to the UN Mission:

(1) Command structure for the unit and sub-units plotted on a map;

(2) Names of commanders down to company level;

(3) Communication system;

(4) Complete list of personnel;

(5) Complete list of weapons, i.e. types, numbers, serial number and

calibre under storage at the main cantonment sites;



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(6) Ammunition inventory type, lot number and amount; and,

(7) List of names for the site security guards detachment, and complete

list of weapons and ammunition for the detachment (main and

satellite cantonment levels).

Site commanders’ responsibilities include:

(1) Camp security, including access control to the site;

(2) Ensuring the security, freedom of movement and well-being of UN

Mission and associated personnel, goods and services;

(3) Providing information in cooperation with the UN Mission in

accordance with Section 2;

(4) Maintenance of discipline, morale and normal training in the spirit

of the Comprehensive Peace Accord, excluding live fire exercises;

(5) Daily routines and control of troops; and,

(6) Logistics and camp services (in cooperation with the Government

of Nepal and other assisting agencies).

4.1.2 Weapons storage and control

The parties agree upon the safe storage of all Maoist army weapons

and ammunition, in the seven main cantonment areas under UN

monitoring, except as provided below for perimeter security purposes.

Both sides shall assist each other to mark landmines and booby-traps

used during the time of armed conflict by providing necessary

information within 30 days and to defuse and remove/lift and destroy

them within 60 days. All improvised explosive devices will be collected

at designated sites a safe distance from the main cantonment areas.

These sites shall be agreed by the parties to consultation with the UN

Mission.Unsuitable devices will be destroyed immediately. Stable

devices will be stored safely and under 24-hour armed guard provided

for by the guard agreements cited below. The parties, in consultation

with the UN, will determine a timeline and process for the later

destruction of all improvised explosive devices. To ensure the safety of



99

both monitors and Maoist army personnel, no improvised explosive

devices or crude bombs will be brought inside the cantonment sites.

In the main cantonment sites the weapons and ammunition storage

area will be secured by the following system:

(1) A solid fence will surround the specified area, including a gate

with a lock. There will be signs on the fence clearly identifying the

restricted area.

(2) The weapons storage depot will be composed of storage containers

painted white and furnished with shelves for safe weapons storage

and easy control, and with a complete inventory (weapon type,

calibre and serial number).

(3) A single lock provided by the UN will secure each storage container.

The key will be held by the designated main cantonment site

commander. A 24-hour surveillance camera provided by the UN

Mission will cover the storage site and will be monitored from the

UN office in the cantonment site. Floodlights will be switched on

automatically during hours of darkness.

(4) The UN Mission will provide an inspection registration device

mounted on each container door indicating when the storage

container has been opened.

(5) An alarm system provided by the UN Mission will be connected to

sirens in both the UN office and the camp commander’s office. The

system will be activated if the container door is opened without a

“safe button” having been switched off in connection with regular

inspections.

(6) UN monitors will carry out the inspections of the arms storage area

and containers in the presence of a Maoist army representative.

Each main cantonment site will be allowed 30 weapons of the

same make and model to be used only for clearly defined perimeter

security by designated guards, with each satellite allowed 15 such

weapons under the same conditions. These weapons will all be



100

properly registered with make and serial number and locked in a

guardhouse when not in use. The parties, in consultation with the UN,

will periodically review the number of weapons needed for perimeter

security purposes on the basis of a shared threat assessment.

Security provisions will be made for CPN(M) leaders through

understanding with the government.

The UN Mission shall monitor these commitments with a full-

time presence at the Maoist army main cantonment sites and

through field visits and regular inspections. These inspections will

be carried out randomly and without warning.

4.1.3 Registration of Maoist army combatants at cantonment sites

All Maoist army combatants will be registered at the main

cantonment sites. This registration will include the provision of age,

name, rank, responsibilities within unit/formation, date of entry into

service and will provide the basis for a complete list of personnel.

Maoist combatants will be registered regardless if they are in

possession of weapons or not. If with weapon, the type and condition

of weapon will be specified. The total number of weapons will be

categorized by unit/formation. Only those individuals who were

members of the Maoist army before 25 May 2006 will be eligible for

cantonment. The parties will agree as to how this pre-existing service is

to be confirmed in consultation with the UN.

As part of this registration, all Maoist army combatants will present

their Maoist army identity card to be marked by the UN. The process

for marking the cards will be determined. This registration card will be

the basis for any assistance received by Maoist army members.

Unregistered persons will not be eligible for assistance or permitted to

remain in cantonments.

Only those Maoist army combatants who have been properly

registered at cantonment sites will be eligible for possible integration

into the security forces fulfilling the standard norms. Any discharged



101

personnel will be ineligible for possible integration. Those who are

eligible for integration into the security forces will be determined by a

special committee as agreed in the Comprehensive Peace Accord. This

integration process will be determined in subsequent agreement with

the parties.

Upon registration Maoist army combatants, if found to be born

after 25 May 1988, will be honourably and automatically discharged.

Discharged Maoist army combatants must: release all weapons,

uniforms and other military gear; and, agree not to return to cantonment

sites unless mutually agreed by UN monitors in consultation with the

parties. The assistance packages to be provided to voluntarily discharged

personnel will be agreed by the parties in advance of cantonment.

The Interim Council of Ministers will form a special committee to

supervise, integrate and rehabilitate the Maoist army combatants.

4.2 Barracking of the Nepal Army

4.2.1 General regulations

In accordance with the commitment expressed in the letter sent to the

United Nations, the Nepal Army shall remain in its barracks and its arms

are not to be used in favour of or against any side. UN monitors will

have access to any and all NA barracks for purposes of monitoring

whether Nepal Army forces or weapons are being used for or against any

party. Upon visiting any Nepal Army barracks for inspection, the site

commander will be duly notified, and UN inspections will relate only to

matters regarding the disposition of forces and weapons.

The Council of Ministers will control, mobilise and manage the

Nepal Army as per the Army Act of 2006 (Sainik Ain 2063) or its

successor legislation. The Interim Council of Ministers to prepare and

implement the detailed action plan of the Nepal Army's

democratization by taking suggestions from the concerned committee

of the Interim Parliament/legislature. Under this to carry out activities

like assessing the appropriate number of the Nepal Army, to train the



102

army in democratic and human rights values while developing

democratic structure, national and inclusive character.

4.2.2 Commander responsibilities

The normal NA chain of command, control, communication and

information will be utilised to monitor the NA deployment to barracks.

The commanders shall provide the following information in detail to

the UN Mission:

(1) Command structure for the unit and sub-units plotted on a map;

(2) Names of commanders down to company level;

(3) Communication system;

(4) Order of battle/military structure, organisation, deployment and

number of troops;

(5) Minefields, landmines, unexploded ordnance, standard explosives,

improvised explosive devices and exact location of such items; and,

(6) Other information required by the UN Mission for proper

monitoring of the disposition of arms and armies.

The NA will ensure the safety, security, freedom of movement and

well-being of UN Mission and associated personnel, goods and

services, and provide information in cooperation with the UN Mission

according to Section 2.

The UN Mission shall monitor these commitments through daily

presence in selected NA barracks, field visits and regular inspections.

4.2.3 Weapons storage and control

The Nepal Army will remain within the barracks as per the

commitment expressed in the letter sent to the UN to ensure that their

arms are not used for or against any party. The Nepal Army to store arms

in equal numbers to that of the Maoist army, to seal it with a single-lock

and give the key to the concerned party. In the process of installing the

lock, to assemble a mechanism including a siren and register for the

monitoring by the UN. While carrying out the necessary examination of

the stored arms, the UN will do so under the presence of a Nepal Army



103

representative. The barrack/barracks where NA arms will be monitored

under the conditions spelled out in section 4.1.2 will be identified and

agreed by the parties. The arms will be stored in storage containers.

4.2.4 Deployment and Concentration of Forces – NA permitted

activities

In accordance with the spirit of the Comprehensive Peace

Accord, continuity will be given to functions of the Nepal Army

including border security, security of the conservation areas, protected

areas, banks, airports, power houses, telephone towers, central

secretariat and security of VIPs. A detailed list of these institutions

and installations will be kept by the Secretary, Ministry Defence,

along with the number and types of forces assigned to such duties.

The list of such institutions and installations will be kept by the NA

under seal, and this list will be made available to UN monitors when

they deemed necessary on a case-by-case basis.

Permitted NA activities are as follows:

1. Routine military activities within the barracks and regular training in

barracks and camps. The JMCC will be notified 48 hours in advance

before undertaking limited live fire exercises at designated live firing

ranges.

2. Participation in official ceremonies, parades, etc. as directed by the

Government.

3. Provision of Border Security as directed by the Government.

4. Relief of troops on a one-to-one basis, including transport as mentioned.

5. Regular maintenance and replacement of non-lethal equipment, including

transport as mentioned. Maintenance and replacement of lethal weapons

will take place only with the determination of the interim government or

agreement by both parties.

6. Execution of development and construction tasks as directed by the

civilian authorities, on central, regional and local levels.



104

7. Provision of support in relief work in times of natural and other disasters

as directed by the Government.

8. Participation in Peacekeeping Operations called for by the United

Nations, and all preparations, transport, training, transfer of equipment,

etc. connected to this.

9. Provision of security for VVIPs and VIPs.

10. Provision of security of vital installations as directed by the Government.

11. Provision of security of transportation of Nepal Rastra Bank funds.

For all of the above activities the rules regarding notification of troop,

air movements and exercises spelled out in section 5.2 apply.

5. Compliance with the Agreement

5.1 Prohibited Activities

In the spirit of the Comprehensive Peace Accord, and in light of this

agreement, after the placement of the Nepal Army in the barracks and the

Maoist Army combatants in cantonment, the parties shall scrupulously

refrain from the following activities:

1. Holding and carrying arms is in violation of the law. Displaying arms,

intimidation and any type of use of violence is prohibited, and use of

arms is legally punishable.

2. Any type of arms and weapons targeted against each other in a direct or

indirect way or any act of attack.

3. Harming or intimidating any person, including internally displaced

persons, humanitarian and development workers and other non-

combatants, and any seizure of their equipment and property.

4. Ambushes, murder or violent operations.

5. Kidnapping, unlawful detention or imprisonment, disappearances;

6. All offensive military flights in and over Nepal.

7. Damaging or seizing public/private/government, military or UN property

and all attacks on UN and associated personnel.

8. Planting mines or improvised explosive devices, conducting sabotage or

military espionage.



105

9. Recruiting additional armed forces or conducting military activities

against each other, including transporting weapons, ammunitions and

explosives (unless mutually agreed by the parties and notified in advance

according to the terms of this agreement).

10. Collecting cash or goods and services or levying tax against one's

wishes and against the existing law.

11. Any actions that impede or delay the provision of humanitarian

assistance or protection to civilians.

12. Any restrictions on the safe, free and unimpeded movement of

humanitarian or development agencies undertaking activities approved

by the interim government or its successor.

13. All acts and forms of gender-based violence.

14. Any restrictions on the free movement of people and goods.

15. All activities that obstruct the efforts of the UN Mission and amount to

a failure to cooperate with the UN Mission, including the prohibition of

the UN Mission patrols and flights over any location.

16. Any attempt by a party to disguise its equipment, personnel or activities

as those of the UN Mission, other United Nations agencies, the

International Committee of the Red Cross/Crescent or any other similar

organisation.

17. Any attempt to redeploy military forces and equipment or occupation of

any positions out of their respective deployment positions without the

consent of the Joint Monitoring Coordination Committee.

18. The use of children who are 18 years old and under in the armed forces.

19. All hostile propaganda and incitement to military action.

The parties shall also refrain from all activities that are prohibited

elsewhere in this agreement.

5.2 Permitted activities

The key principle that shall underpin permitted activities for both sides

shall be to alleviate the effects of the armed conflict on civilians and the

war-affected areas and to galvanise popular support for peace. Permitted



106

activities for both sides will be conducted as per the decisions of the interim

government. Troop, air movements and exercises have to be properly

notified and approved by the Joint Monitoring Coordination Committee at

least 48-hours in advance.

Permitted activities include:

(1) De-mining and decommissioning of military hazards;

(2) Development activities to include improvement and opening of roads,

rehabilitation of bridges and passages and airstrips according to the

decisions of the interim government;

(3) Humanitarian relief;

(4) Socioeconomic activities such as assisting free movement of people,

goods and services;

(5) Free movement of unarmed soldiers in plain civilian clothes who are on

granted leave, medical referrals, or visiting families – no more than 12

percent of the total retained force at a given cantonment or barracks will

be on authorised leave at any given time unless mutually agreed by the

parties;

(6) Supply of non-lethal items to military units, food, water, medicine,

petrol, oil and lubricants, stationary, uniforms etc; and,

(7) Medical evacuation.

5.3 Violations

The following acts shall constitute violations of the agreement:

(1) Any act that contravenes this agreement;

(2) Unauthorised troop movements;

(3) Unauthorised recruitment, conscription or mobilisation;

(4) Unauthorised replenishment of military equipment;

(5) Violation of human rights, humanitarian law or obstruction of freedom of

movement of people, goods and services;

(6) Espionage, sabotage, air surveillance and acts of subversion; and,



107

(7) Military flights, or military flights utilising civilian aircraft, over

cantonment sites without 48-hour notification to the parties and the UN

Mission, except in emergency situations or medical evacuations.

6. The United Nations Mission

Monitoring of compliance with this agreement with be carried out:

(1) By UN Monitors; or,

(2) By Joint Monitoring Teams, if so decided by the JMCC and in keeping with

other provisions of this agreement.

The UN Mission will submit reports to the parties on compliance with this

agreement. It will do so either directly or through the JMCC.

6.1 The Joint Monitoring Coordination Committee

The nine-member Joint Monitoring Coordination Committee (JMCC)

will have a chairman appointed by the UN Mission. There will be two

Vice-Chairman, one each from the Maoist Army and the NA. The

remaining six members will be two UN, two NA and two Maoist army,

all as selected by the parties respectively.

The JMCC shall reach its decisions by consensus. In the event of a

deadlock, the representative of the UN Secretary-General shall have final

authority for reporting on the compliance of the parties with this agreement

to the Secretary-General and to the interim government for resolution. The

Chairman shall report regularly to the representative of the Secretary-

General and to the designated representatives of the parties regarding the

activities of the JMCC.

The JMCC shall serve three main functions:

(1) To assist the parties in implementing this agreement. The JMCC shall be

the central coordinating body for monitoring arms and armies in

accordance with the terms of this agreement and to approved, where

appropriate those activities specified in section 5.2.

(2) To serve as a dispute resolution mechanism. The JMCC shall resolve all

disputes and military or operational difficulties, complaints, questions or

problems regarding implementation of this agreement.



108

(3) To assist in confidence building. The JMCC shall work to gain the trust

and confidence of the parties and promote the overall goals of this

agreement among the people of Nepal.

In order to achieve these goals, the JMCC shall operate according to the

following basic principles:

(1) Resolve all problems and disputes at the lowest level possible, i.e.

delegation of authority to the JMTs;

(2) Promote joint problem-solving and build trust and confidence through

active efforts to appropriately investigate and report on all incidents of

concern to the parties; and,

(3) Build on lessons learned in the process.

The Joint Monitoring Teams (JMTs), will assist the Joint Monitoring

Coordination Committee at the local level and through site visits. The JMTs

will comprise one international monitor as the team leader and one monitor

from Nepal Army and one monitor from the Maoist Army. The number of

JMTs and their deployment will be determined by the Chairman of the

JMCC in consultations with that body.

The tasks of the JMTs will include:

(1) Village and community visits and liaison with the civilian community;

(2) Cooperation with other UN-agencies, and liaison with international

organisations and non-governmental organisations;

(3) Assistance to the parties in creating a favorable operational environment

for the conduct of the ceasefire by information sharing and defusing

local tension;

(4) A pro-active concept for initiation of conflict management at the local

level; and,

(5) Investigation of complaints linked to possible alleged violations of the

agreement, reference paragraph 5.1, and to recommend measures to

ensure compliance.

Joint Monitoring Teams will not be used for designated weapons

storatge inspections.



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7. Miscellaneous

This agreement can be revised at any time with the consent of both parties.

Both parties agree to provide to each other prior written information if they wish

to make any change. The amendments can be made to the agreement with the

consent of both parties after receiving the information. The provisions to be

made by such an amendment will not fall below the minimum standards of

accepted international human rights and humanitarian laws.

Both parties consent to sign any complementary understandings, as

necessary, for the implementation of the present agreement.

This agreement will be signed by both parties in Nepali and English. The

United Nations will witness the English language version of this agreement and,

accordingly, the English-language version of this agreement will be considered

as authoritative in matters of dispute.

The spirit of the Comprehensive Peace Accord shall guide the interpretation

and implementation of this agreement by all the parties.

This agreement shall come into force upon signature, and it supersedes the

agreement of the same name done on the 28th day of November 2006 (12

Mangsir 2063 BS).

Done in Kathmandu, Nepal on the 8th day of December, 2006 (22 Mangsir 2063

BS)

__________________ ___________________

Krishna Bahadur Mahara Krishna Prasad Sitoula

Coordinator Coordinator

Negotiating team Negotiating team

CPN (Maoist) Government of Nepal

__________________

Witnessed by

Ian Martin

Personal Representative of the Secretary-General

United Nations

Interim Constitution on Nepal, 2063 Nepali

Documents

Transcript of Interim Constitution on Nepal, 2063 Nepali