TERM PAPER ON

IMPACT OF NEW DIGITAL MEDIAOF GLOBALIZATION

( FOR THE PARTIAL COMPLETION OF B.B.A)

Submitted By:UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

AKASH GUPTAMR. SHAILESH TANDON

11065101007

BBA 6TH SEM

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Shri Ramswaroop Memorial GroupOf Professional College

Lucknow

Acknowledgment

I would like to express my very greatappreciation to MR. SHAILESH TANDON for his valuable andconstructive suggestions during theplanning and development of this researchwork. His willingness to give his time sogenerously has been very much appreciated.

I would also like to thank my friends andclose ones for enabling me to perform theproceedings in the better manner. Finally,I wish to thank my parents for theirsupport and encouragement throughout mystudy.

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AKASH GUPTA11065101007

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TABLE OF CONTENT

Introduction

Globalization and its Forces

Types of Globalization

Importance of New Digital Media

Impacts of New Digital Media of Globalization

Conclusion

Bibliography

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INTRODUCTION

The rise of new Digital Media has increased

communication between people all over the world and the

Internet. It has allowed people to express themselves

through blogs, websites, pictures, and other user-

generated Digital Media.Through the process of

globalization, the political, economic, and

sociocultural activities of one region of the world can

have significant effects on people or communities in

regions far away. Today's globalized world is

characterized by extensive connectivity and global

consciousness. The Digital Media play an essential role

in globalization and have both positive and negative

influences on children and adolescents. The trend of

globalization has led many news organizations to “go

global.” Global Digital Media are usually transnational

organizations that generate messages or programs for

dissemination to a large number of people around the

world, which in turn quickens the globalization process

and changes the social environment in which children

and adolescents live. Globalization is part of the

daily life of youth, affecting their work, leisure,

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entertainment, language, food, and so forth. In recent

decades, technological advancements in cable,

satellite, DIGITAL Media, and the Internet have

strengthened the impact of these Digital Media on

globalization.

The New Digital Media

We use the term “new Digital Media” to describe a

Digital Media ecology where more traditional Digital

Media, such as books, television, and radio, are

“converging” with DIGITAL Media, specifically

interactive Digital Media and Digital Media for social

communication. We have used the term “new Digital

Media” rather than terms such as “DIGITAL Media” or

“interactive Digital Media” because we are examining a

constellation of changes to Digital Media technology

that can’t be reduced to a single technical

characteristic. Current Digital Media ecologies often

rely on a convergence of digital and online Digital

Media with print, analog, and non-interactive Digital

Media types.

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New Digital Media is essentially a cyber-culture with

modern computer technology, digital data controlled by

software and the latest fast developing communication

technology. Most technologies described as “new Digital

Media” are digital, and often have characteristics of

being networkable, dense, compressible, interactive and

impartial. Examples are the internet, websites,

computer multiDigital Media, games, CD-ROMs and DVDs.

Young people are attracted to the easy means of getting

information with internet based terminals or hand

phones which provide them information of their choice

anytime, anywhere. They need not have to wait for any

broadcasting schedule to be connected to get the

information.

Internet blogs, news portals and online news, Facebook,

You Tube, podcast and webcast, and even the short

messaging system (SMS), are all new Digital Media. The

modern revolution enables everybody to become a

journalist at little cost and with global reach.

Nothing like this has ever been possible before. The

impact of new Digital Media was noticed by the

Malaysian government which lost its two thirds majority

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in Parliament during the 2008 general elections. The

government then depended on the mainstream Digital

Media which it controlled to give information to the

electorate while the opposition used new Digital Media

which was faster, cheaper and reached a bigger

audience. Ironically it was the government which spent

billions of ringgit to foster the growth of new

technology.

New Digital Media refers to on-demand access to content

anytime, anywhere, on any digital device, as well as

interactive user feedback, creative participation.

Another aspect of new Digital Media is the real-time

generation of new, unregulated content

Globalization and its Forces

Globalization is a process of interaction and

integration among the people, companies, and

governments of different nations, a process driven by

international trade and investment and aided by

information technology. This process has effects on the

environment, on culture, on political systems, on

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economic development and prosperity, and on human

physical well-being in societies around the world.

Globalization is not new, though. For thousands of

years, people—and, later, corporations—have been buying

from and selling to each other in lands at great

distances, such as through the famed Silk Road across

Central Asia that connected China and Europe during the

Middle Ages. Likewise, for centuries, people and

corporations have invested in enterprises in other

countries. In fact, many of the features of the current

wave of globalization are similar to those prevailing

before the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.

The member-states remain sovereign, but through their

obligations and commitments, they have, to some extent,

integrated themselves to the concerned international

organizations and groupings.

But policy and technological developments of the past

few decades have spurred increases in cross-border

trade, investment, and migration so large that many

observers believe the world has entered a qualitatively

new phase in its economic development. Since 1950, for

example, the volume of world trade has increased by 2010

times, and from just 1997 to 1999 flows of foreign

investment nearly doubled, from $468 billion to $827

billion. Distinguishing this current wave of

globalization from earlier ones, author Thomas Friedman

has said that today globalization is “farther, faster,

cheaper, and deeper.”

This current wave of globalization has been driven by

policies that have opened economies domestically and

internationally. In the years since the Second World

War, and especially during the past two decades, many

governments have adopted free-market economic systems,

vastly increasing their own productive potential and

creating myriad new opportunities for international

trade and investment. Governments also have negotiated

dramatic reductions in barriers to commerce and have

established international agreements to promote trade

in goods, services, and investment. Taking advantage of

new opportunities in foreign markets, corporations have

built foreign factories and established production and

marketing arrangements with foreign partners. A

defining feature of globalization, therefore, is an

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international industrial and financial business

structure.

Technology has been the other principal driver of

globalization. Advances in information technology, in

particular, have dramatically transformed economic

life. Information technologies have given all sorts of

individual economic actors—consumers, investors,

businesses—valuable new tools for identifying and

pursuing economic opportunities, including faster and

more informed analyses of economic trends around the

world, easy transfers of assets, and collaboration with

far-flung partners.

Types of Globalization

Economic Globalization

Economic globalization is the increasing economic

interdependence of national economies across the world

through a rapid increase in cross-border movement of

goods, service, technology, and capital. Whereas

globalization is centered on the rapid development of

science and technology and increasing cross-border

division of labor, economic globalization is propelled

by the rapid growing significance of information in all12

types of productive activities and marketization, and

the advance of science and technologies. Depending on

the paradigm, economic globalization can be viewed as

either a positive or a negative phenomenon.

Economic globalization comprises the globalization of

production, markets, competition, technology, and

corporations and industries. While economic

globalization has been occurring for the last several

hundred years, it has begun to occur at an increased

rate over the last 20–30 years under the framework of

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and World Trade

Organization which made countries to gradually cut down

trade barriers and open up their current accounts and

capital accounts.[3] This recent boom has been largely

accounted by developed economies integrating with less

developed economies, by means of foreign direct

investment, the reduction of trade barriers, and in

many cases cross border immigration.

It can be argued that economic globalization may or may

not be an irreversible trend. There are several

significant effects of economic globalization. There is

statistical evidence for positive financial effects as

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well as proposals that there is a power imbalance

between developing and developed countries in the

global economy. Furthermore, economic globalization has

an impact on world cultures.

Political Globalization

Traditionally politics has been undertaken within

national political systems. National governments have

been ultimately responsible for maintaining the

security and economic welfare of their citizens, as

well as the protection of human rights and the

environment within their borders. With global

ecological changes, an ever more integrated global

economy, and other global trends, political activity

increasingly takes place at the global level.

Under globalization, politics can take place above the

state through political integration schemes such as the

European Union and through intergovernmental

organizations such as the International Monetary Fund,

the World Bank and the World Trade Organization.

Political activity can also transcend national borders

through global movements and NGOs. Civil society

organizations act globally by forming alliances with

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organizations in other countries, using global

communications systems, and lobbying international

organizations and other actors directly, instead of

working through their national governments.

In general, globalization may ultimately reduce the

importance of nation states. Supranational institutions

such as the European Union, the WTO, the G8 or the

International Criminal Court replace or extend national

functions to facilitate international agreement. Some

observers attribute the relative decline in US power to

globalization, particularly due to the country's high

trade deficit. This led to a global power shift towards

Asian states, particularly China, which unleashed

market forces and achieved tremendous growth rates. As

of 2011, the Chinese economy was on track to overtake

the United States by 2025.

As a response to globalization, some countries have

embraced isolationist policies. For example, the North

Korean government makes it very difficult for

foreigners to enter the country and strictly monitors

their activities when they do. Aid workers are subject

to considerable scrutiny and excluded from places and

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regions the government does not wish them to enter.

Citizens cannot freely leave the country.

Cultural Globalization

Cultural globalization refers to the transmission of

ideas, meanings and values across national borders.

This process is marked by the common consumption of

cultures that have been diffused by the Internet,

popular culture, and international travel. The

circulation of cultures enables individuals to partake

in extended social relations outside the borders. The

creation and expansion of such social relations is not

merely observed on a material level. Cultural

globalization involves the formation of shared norms

and knowledge with which people associate their

individual and collective cultural identities, and

increasing interconnectedness among different

populations and cultures.

Cultural globalization has increased cross-cultural

contacts but may be accompanied by a decrease in the

uniqueness of once-isolated communities. For example,

sushi is available in Germany as well as Japan but

Euro-Disney outdraws the city of Paris, potentially

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reducing demand for "authentic" French pastry.

Globalization’s contribution to the alienation of

individuals from their traditions may be modest

compared to the impact of modernity itself, as alleged

by existentialists such as Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert

Camus. Globalization has expanded recreational

opportunities by spreading pop culture, particularly

via the Internet and satellite television.

Importance of New Digital Media

It is no secret that we believe the new Digital Media

plays an important role in our political and civic

future. What we are witnessing today is the emergence

of a global culture in which information and access to

information will be the factor that determines which

way power and prosperity will go. It is a global system

that transcends national borders and institutions and

allows people to gain knowledge at the press of a few

buttons on their computers.

The emergence of blog streams is a reflection on

society’s awareness of the importance of information

dissemination. Unfortunately this ‘leeway’ has provided

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room for manipulation by irresponsible users. Such a

situation gives rise to a poser. The trials and

tribulations created by new Digital Media have impacted

on society and nation. Repercussions are reflected in

people’s thinking. New Digital Media wields great

influence over the younger generation as they are IT-

savvy and have an “urge to know”.

Impacts of New Digital Media of Globalization

The concept of culture and new Digital Media is

relatively new in the scholarly debate, however the

rate at which technology has moved into the

contemporary social lives is historically

unprecedented. Now computers, the Internet, mobile

phones, television and otherportable DIGITAL Media are

competing with one and other in the ever growing

electronic arena. More recently as a result of

considerable technological advances there has been the

convergence of technologies and an example of this is

the convergence of mobile phone technologies with that

of the Internet, Digital Media player and GPS

navigation. Nowadays people spend a lot of their

Digital Media time on screens of mobile phones and

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laptops than that they used to spend earlier on

television screen or cinema. Trends toward online

activities and interactive Digital Media uses have also

resulted in a dramatic decline in traditional Digital

Media consumption such as newspaperreadership. The

Washington Post reported on May 3, 2005 that

circulation of 814 US daily newspapers declined by 1.9

percent over the six months ended March 31 compared

with the same period of previous year.

The tendencies illustrate that new Digital Media

technologies are at the very cultural heart of the

contemporary society. Firstly, technology, such as the

Internet, mobile phones, MP3 players, PDA’s and iPods

provide people with unlimited opportunity to access

news, entertainment and interaction. The way people

communicate each other and at the same time their

Digital Media consumption has been revolutionized.

“Technology generates opportunities: new things to

explain; new ways of expression; new Digital Media of

communications; and creates new forms of destruction.

Secondly, new Digital Media have also influence the

social relations by radically breaking the connection

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between physical place and social place, making

physical location much less significant for our social

relationships that apparently creates the virtual

communities transcending geographical boundaries and

eliminating social restrictions. Howard Rheingold

(2000) describes these globalized societies as self-

defined networks, which resemble what we do in real

life. "People in virtual communities use words on

screens to exchange pleasantries and argue, engage in

intellectual discourse, conduct commerce, make plans,

brainstorm, gossip, feud, fall in love, create a little

high art and a lot of idle talk". The latest phenomenon

in the virtual world is the growing popularity of

social networking culture based on Internet provided

social networking groups such as Facebook and MySpace.

Started with e-mails and chat room, online social

networking is redefining social relations and comes up

with a new and extremely fast means of communication.

Search engines, newsgroups, fan clubs, forums and

discussion rooms are other web applications that link

all kinds of people, no matter their age, sex,

citizenship, and cultural background.

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Advancement of new digital technologies forces critics,

like Andrew L. Shapiro, to argue that the emergence of

new digital technologies signals a potentially radical

shift of who is in control of information, experience

and resources. People share texts, videos, photos,

voices, and everything - from food recipes to

developing computer operating system and planning

terrorist attacks. The era now we are encountering can

be described as the evolution of a universal

interconnected network of audio, video, and electronic

text communications that blurs the distinction between

interpersonal and mass communication.

Nations that are facing shortages of drinking water and

food have been helped by the Internet. For these

countries, the Internet provided them with vital and

desperately needed information about health issues and

farming to the people. The best example of this is

HealthNet.HealthNet is “a networked information service

that supports health-care workersin morethan 30

countries, 22 of which are in Africa” (Marston 96).

HealthNet was primarily used by doctorsin Central

Africa to share information during the 1995 deadly

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Ebola outbreak.Currently, HealthNet is used by malaria

researchers in the northern part of Ghana to

communicate with colleagues at the London School of

Tropical Medicine.Even though there are many new forms

of Digital Media technology,sometimesthe olderand

simpler technology is the best. In many rural areas and

developing countries whereliteracy rates are low,

having accessto the Internet would not be the best form

of Digital Media.In these instances, radio, which has

been proven to be cost effective instructional mediumin

developing countries, is more appropriate than

something that would require beingable to read.

Similarly to radio, television has been proven to be an

effective medium tothe urban poor who have sometimes

been taught literacy skills by watching soap operasor

one of the many international forms of Sesame Street.

By using one of theseolder technologies, there is no

need for instruction or training while still

providinginformation access within the developing

country.

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CONCLUSION

New Digital Media can be seen as information and

communication technologies plus their social usage.

This last context-related dimension involves a) The

devices used to communicate or convey information; b)

The activities and practices in which people engage to

communicate or share information; and c) The social or

organizational forms that surround these devices and

practices. This means that the analysis of “new Digital

Media” can involve at least three analytical levels,

ranging from devices through social practices of

individuals or groups to organizations and

organizational communication.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Chomsky, Noam. (1996 July). Digital Media and

Globalization: An Interview with Noam

Bruder Katherine. April, 2007. The Globalization of

Digital Mediain Developing Countries

Sean Aday, Henry Farrell, Marc Lynch, and John

Sides. September 2010. Advancing New Digital Media

Research

Kraidy, M.M. (2005). Hybridity or the cultural

logic of globalization. Temple University Press,

Philadelphia.

M. Krishnasamy. 2010. New Digital Media vs

Traditional Medi

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