Gods epigraphically attested in ancient times with counterparts in the Early Medieval texts from the...

XIIIth FERCAN workshop The 13th international amp interdisciplinary

conference on lsquoCelticrsquo religion(s)Lampeter Wales

17th - 19th October 2014

Fernando Fernaacutendez Palacios amp John T Koch

CANOLFAN UWCHEFRYDIAU CYMREIG A CHELTAIDD PRIFYSGOL CYMRU UNIVERSITY OF WALES CENTRE FOR ADVANCED WELSH AND CELTIC STUDIES

Gods epigraphically attested in ancient times with countershyparts in the Early Medieval texts from the British Isles

perhaps more accuratelySome epigraphic comparanda

bearing on the panshyCeltic god Lugus

Ewrop yr Iwerydd yn Oesoedd y Metalau cwestiynau am iaith gyffredin

Atlantic Europe in the Metal Agesquestions of shared language

Arts amp Humanities Research Council

Delivery Plan 2011-2015

bull NEWS

BANGORIAD

2 BANGORIAD AUTUMN 2011

WelcomeWelcome to the autumn 2011 edition of Bangoriad In this issue we bring younews on our Cancer Research Institute as well as looking back on the ColegNormal As usual we also bring you up to date with the biggest news from theUniversity plus articles on some of your fellow alumni

We love to hear your stories either from your time at Bangor or since yoursquoveleft the University so please get in touch if you have any to share and we caninclude them in the next Bangoriad

Donrsquot forget to let us know if your details change by updating them on ourwebsite wwwbangoracukalumniupdate You can also let us know your emailaddress there so we can send you all the latest news from the University via ourquarterly e-newsletter

Best wishesBethan Perkins Editor

Development and Alumni Relations OfficeGartherwenBangor UniversityBangor Gwynedd LL57 2DGUK

Phone + 44 (0) 1248 388332 382020Fax +44 (0) 1248 383268

e-mail alumnibangoracukwwwbangoracukalumni

Bangor University + 44 (0) 1248 351151

AUTUMN 2011

Keep in touch online

Update your contact details atwwwbangoracukalumniupdate

BangorAlumni

Bangor University ALUMNI

Bangor University Alumni Prifysgol Bangor

Help us save costs and the environmentby opting-in to receive Bangoriad onlineonly If yoursquore happy to receive futureeditions of Bangoriad via email onlyplease visitwwwbangoracukalumniupdateto note your interest or emailalumnibangoracuk

COLEG CyMRAEGCENEDLAEthOL INvEstMENtColeg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol the new nationalinstitution for the development of Welshmedium education and scholarship at universities in Wales has awarded nineacademic posts and five PhD scholarships toBangor University for the new academic year

Through this new investment students atBangor and other institutions can now lookforward to a number of new modules andWelsh medium developments in subjects asvaried as French Chemistry Popular MusicMusic for Film Psychology Social Policy SocialWork Nursing and Environmental Studies

Welcoming the awards Professor John GHughes Vice-Chancellor said ldquoPutting thisgood news alongside the Universityrsquos decisionto appoint a Pro Vice-Chancellor with responsibility for Welsh medium matters andits significant investment in the Welsh Hall ofResidence there has never been a better timefor students to come to Bangor to studythrough the medium of Welsh and to have arich experience in doing sordquo

Acknowledgements This publication is forformer students staff and friends of Bangor

University The articles printed here to the bestof our knowledge were correct at the time ofgoing to press The views expressed in this

magazine are not necessarily those of BangorUniversity or the Editor For permission to

reproduce any article please contact the Editor

Data Protection Alumni data is held securely andconfidentially on the Universityrsquos Developmentand Alumni Relations Office database for thepurposes of promoting closer links between

Bangor University and its former students Thedata is available to the Universitys academic and

administrative departments for the purpose ofpromoting closer links with alumni as well as torecognised University societies For full details

visit wwwbangoracukalumni

copy Bangor University 2011

DIABEtEs UK FUNDINGHealth charity Diabetes UK hasawarded a pound14500 grant to Dr JohnMulley of Bangorrsquos School of BiologicalSciences to fund research into the Pdx2gene and its role in insulin production inhuman cells Greater understanding ofthis gene will hopefully shed light onnew ways to develop treatments forpeople suffering with diabetes

BANGORIAD ONLINE

bull NEWS

BANGORIAD







Phone + 44 (0) 1248 388332 382020Fax +44 (0) 1248 383268



AUTUMN 2011



BangorAlumni

















BANGORIAD ONLINE

Digital Humanities is the discipline born from the intersection between humanities scholarship and computing technologies It explores ways in which digital tools and methodologies can be used to develop new intellectual perspectives and insights across the whole range of Humanities disciplines such as History Literature Languages Art History Music Cultural Studies and beyond

While Digital Humanities draws on a wide range of critical and cultural theory from the Humanities it also has a very strong practical component in that a major focus is the creation of new digital resources for research (such as online editions web-based archives and digital tools for scholarship)

The DeparTmenT The Department of Digital Humanities (DDH) is part of the School of Arts amp Humanities at Kings College London Located in central London in the heart of the West End DDH offers access to unrivalled expertise in creation management and preservation of digital assets It is the oldest and largest centre of Digital Humanities in the world and has an outstanding record of research collaborating with international partners at renowned universities museums archives and libraries across the full breadth of Humanities subject domains

ma

Dig

ital H

uman

ities

Department of Digital humanitiesKingrsquos College London26-29 Drury LaneLondon WC2B 5rLTel +44 (0)20 7848 2931 Fax +44 (0)20 7848 2980 email digitalhumanitieskclacukwwwkclacukddh Follow us atfacebook httpwwwfacebookcomkclddhtwitter httpstwittercomkingsdhblog httpblogscchkclacukwip

Design Buchanan Davey

What is Digital Humanities

Inspiring research ndash transforming scholarship

Y Ganolfan Geltaidd

CAWCS



IntroductionLogotypeFonts ColourTypographyDigital MediaImageryExamplesNational Waterfront MuseumWelsh Assembly Government Contacts

12

Colour

Colour affects moods and creates an emotional response based onour instinctive associations Such is the power of colour that it oftenhas different meanings in different cultures

Our core colour is red The historic red of Wales is an emotionally intense colour associated with warmth energy and vitality Withinthe family group each museum has a special vibrant colour of itsown that makes it distinctive and identifiable

Wales RedPantone 032C0 M90 Y86 K0

A5 WELSH_Layout 1 25082010 1409

WrecsamHELOLlyfrgell Genedlaethol

Cymru yn Wrecsam

Hydref shy Rhagfyr2010

YmunwZh acirc ni

Llyfrgell Genedlaethol CymruThe National Library of WalesAberystwyth

01970 632800postllgcorgukwwwllgcorgukwrecsam10

Ffilm The Proud Valley (1940)071010 Odeon Wrecsam 730 pm

Cyflwyniad Beth yw Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru121010 Ysgol Morgan Llwyd Wrecsam 700 pm

Beth syn yr atig Dewch i glywed am y wefannewydd a dwedwch eich stori chiwwwcasgliadywerincymrucouk21110 Llay Miners Welfare 1000 am shy 400 pm

Noson Agored shy Llywydd LLGC Dafydd Wigley ynarwain noson o sgyrsiau a chyflwyniadau111110 Guildhall 630 pm

Agoriad Arddangosfa shy Hen luniau o Wrecsam111110 (tan 10 Rhagfyr) Llyfrgell Wrecsam800 pm

Hanes Teulu a Hanes Lleol shy Diwrnod Agored131110 Coleg Iacircl 1000 am shy 300 pm

A5 WELSH_Layout 1 25082010 1409 Page 1


Cymru yn Wrecsam


YmunwZh acirc ni











bull NEWS

BANGORIAD







Phone + 44 (0) 1248 388332 382020Fax +44 (0) 1248 383268



AUTUMN 2011



BangorAlumni

















BANGORIAD ONLINE

bull NEWS

BANGORIAD







Phone + 44 (0) 1248 388332 382020Fax +44 (0) 1248 383268



AUTUMN 2011



BangorAlumni

















BANGORIAD ONLINE




ma

Dig

ital H

uman

ities





Y Ganolfan Geltaidd

CAWCS




12

Colour






Cymru yn Wrecsam


YmunwZh acirc ni











Cymru yn Wrecsam


YmunwZh acirc ni









Syr John Rhfrac12s (Ponterwyd) 1840ndash1915

C RO E S O I G E R E D I G I O N W E L C O M E T O C E R E D I G I O N

An t-Ollamh Proinsias Mac CanaAn tOllamh Proinsias Mac Cana1926ndash2004

mid 20th-century Celtic studies included a standard view of the pan-Celtic god Lugus comprising

bullLugus = Old Irish Lug= Welsh Lleu

bullemphasis on ancient place-names Lug(u)dunum ampc

bullLugus = Caesarrsquos Mercury omnium inuentorem artium (BG vi 171)

bullrecurring notion of Gaulish origin and subsequent spread to Britain and Ireland

40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W

150 km

lokoobooniiraboo

LVGVBO ARQVIENOBOampc

LVGVEI

LVGGONI ARGANTICAENI

LVGOVIBVS

LVGVNIS DEABVS

DIBVS M[] LVCVBO

VALERIO ANNONI LVGVADICI F VXAMENSIS

LVGVA CADDEGVN

some subsequent milestones 1

Tovar Llorente A 1980ndash2 lsquoThe God Lugus in Spainrsquo Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 29 591ndash9a wide-ranging study on an epigraphic foundation a milestone in the following respects

1 applying Hispano-Celtic data to the Lugus problem [lsquoHispano-Celticrsquo rather than lsquoCeltiberianrsquo the Callaecian LVGVBO altars]

2 placing the pan-Celtic god within a vision of Celticity comprising an innovative core of lsquoLa Tegravene Gallo-Britonsrsquo inside a greater Celtic world including Hispano-Celtic

Palaeohispanic evidence

Pentildealba de Villastar [MLH IV K33]ENIOROSEIVTA TIGINO TIATVMEITRECAIAS TOLVGVEIARAIANOM COMEIMV

ENIOROSEI EQVOISQVEOGRIS OIOCAS TOGIOAS SISTAT LVGVEI TIASOTOGIAS

LVGGONI ARGANTICAENI (Villaviciosa Oviedo [Buacutea 2000 274])

LVGVNIS DEABVS AVR(ELIVS) CEL(ER) VSLM altar in Atapuerca (BU) (Beltraacuten Jordaacuten Marco Simoacuten PalHisp 5 920)

LVCOVBV[S] ARQVIENI[S] SILONIVS SILO EX VOTO (cf AE 1957 93 Outeiro do Rei Lugo)LVGVBO ARQVIENOBO C IVLIVS HISPANVS VSLM (cf HAE 1957-60 1718 Sober Lugo)DIBVS M[] LVCVBO (Pentildea Amaya north of Burgos [Buacutea

2003 153ndash4 Marco Simoacuten 2005 301] LVCOBO AROVSA[-] (Lugo)LVGOVIBVS (Osma)VALERIO ANNONI LVGVADICI F VXAMENSIS (Vallejo 2005

141ndash9)LVGVA CADDEGVN (La Remolina Leoacuten)

comparanda

383 Kilcullen South Cork mdash LUGUDUC MAQI MAQIOC[--]CI[--

484 Windgap Waterford mdash MODDAGN[I] MAQI GATTAGN[I] MUCOI LUGUNI

582 Castlekeeran Meath mdash COVAGN[I]MAQ[IMU]C[OI]LUG[U]N[I]

386 Knockshanawee Cork mdash VEQIKAMI MAQI LUGUNI

386 Knockshanawee Cork mdash []CANAVVI MAQ L[UGU]N[I]

LUGUQQRITTAS

539 Kilcoolaght Kerry mdash --]ECC MAQI L[UGUQ]RRIT (207)

453 Reask Kerry mdash LUGUQRIT MA[QI] QRITT[I] (146)

Kilcaskan Cork mdash LUGUQRIT[TI MAQI] [ADDI]LONAS (68)


434 Crag Kerry mdash VELITAS LUGUTTI (251)

456 Aacuteth an Charbaill (Aghacarrible) Kerry mdash LUGUVVECCA MAQI[-- (140)

524 An Drom Loiscthe (Dromlusk) Kerry mdash CATVVIRR MAQI LUGUVVE[C]

495 Donaghmore Kildare mdash NETTAVROECC [KOI] MAQI MUCCOI TRENALUGGO

Llanarth mdash TTRENALUGOS

(cf Gaulish LVGVSELVA [Raybould amp Sims-Williams 2007 65] MW Llywarch OW Loumarch lt Lugu-markos)


bull MaierB1997lsquoIsLugtobeIdentifiedwithMercury (BellGall VI 17 1) New Suggestions on an Old Problemrsquo Eacuteriu 47 127ndash35

bull BUT SEE Carey J 2010 lsquoCeltic lugus ldquolynxrdquo A Phantom Big Catrsquo Celtic Language Law and Letters Proceedings of the Tenth Symposium of Societas Celtologica Nordica Meijerbergs Arkiv foumlr Svensk Ordforskning 38 ed F Josephson 151ndash67

bull Beltraacuten Lloris F C Jordaacuten Coacutelera amp F Marco Simoacuten2005lsquoNovedadesepigraacuteficasenPentildealba de Villastar (Teruel)rsquo Palaeohispanica 5 911ndash56

bull Jordaacuten Coacutelera C 2006 lsquo[K33] Croacutenica de un teicidio anunciadorsquo Estudios de lenguas y epigrafiacuteaantiguasndashELEA 7 Real Academia de Cultura Valenciana seccioacuten de Estudios Ibeacutericos ldquoD Fletcher Vallsrdquo 37ndash72

Fonte Velha 6 (J11) brought into argument by Jordaacuten

lokoobooequivniirabootooaŕaiaikaalteelokoonanenaŕkeekaakiiśiinkoolobo

oiiteero-baare(be)eteasiioonii

To what extent have medieval narratives been shaped by the reflexes of Celtic divine names embedded in them

Koch J T 1992c lsquoFurther to tongu do dia toinges mo thuath ampcrsquo Eacutetudes Celtiques 29 249ndash61

Ulster Cycletongu do dia toinges mo thuath lsquoI swear to

the god to whom my tribe swearsrsquo

Mabinogi mi a dyngaf tynghet ytt lsquoI swear a destiny

to yoursquo (spoken by Ar[y]anrot lsquoSilver-wheelrsquo)

underlying tongū do Luguei lugiom lsquoI swear an oath

(lugaellw) to Lugus (LugLleu)

Koch J T 1999 lsquoA Swallowed Onomastic Tale in Cath Maige Mucramarsquo IldaacutenachIldiacuterechAFestschriftforProinsiasMacCana Celtic Studies Publications 4 ed J Carey J Koch P-Y Lambert 63ndash80 Aberystwyth Celtic Studies Publications

An episode hinges on revealing the concealed identity of Lugaid Mac Con by forcing his warband to eat mice (lochaid lt lukotes singular luch)

According to McCone luch can also mean lsquowolf rsquo lt PIE lukwos Mac Con means lsquoson of dogwolf rsquo McCone K R 1985 lsquoVaria II [2 OIr Olc Luch- and IE wḷkwos luacutekwos ldquowolfrdquo]rsquo Eacuteriu 36169ndash76 cf McCone K R 2000 Pagan Past and Christian Present in Early Irish Literature Maynooth Monographs 3 Maynooth National University of Ireland First published An Sagart 1990

Ancient Celtic comparanda for Middle Welsh tynghet lsquodestinyrsquo

MatasovićR2009Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 9 LeidenBoston Brill

tonketo-lsquodestinyrsquo [Noun]GOID Olr tocad [o m] gl forsW MW tynghet [f and m] (GPC tynged)BRET MBret tonquaff lsquopresagersquo MoBret tonkanCO Co tenkyGAUL Togi-marus () [PN]CELTIB tokoitei [Dat-Loc s] (Botorrita I) () TOGOTI

[Dat s Theonym](CILII 893)PIE tenk-COGN Go thorneihan lsquoprosperrsquoETYM The attribution of the Celtiberian forms to this

root is as uncertain as anything else in this language For the possible

relation to PCelt tong-lsquoswearrsquo see eg Delamarre 298 Much less probable is

the derivation fromtenk-lsquobesolidfirmrsquo(IEW1068)cfPCelttanko-

lsquopeacersquoREF LEIA T-84f GPC III 3672 Deshayes 2003 729 de

BernardoStempel 1999 395 Meid 2005 88f Schumacher 1995

MLH Vl 406ff

IVLIA L F TONCETA Odrinhas LIS CIL II 295 and p 693 418TONCETA MATER Collipo LER AE 1971 164c 418IVLIA C F TONCETA Torres Vedras LIS CIL II 296 418TONCETAE Feiras BRA ERTOM I 418 [T]ONCIVS [T]ONCETAMVS F MILES SIGNIFER COH II LVS

Fundatildeo CSB AE 1896 1 418TONCIVS TONCETAMI F ICAEDIT MILIS Idanha-a-Velha CSB AE

1896 2 418TALAVS TONCETAMI F BOVTIE(CVM) Yecla de Yeltes SA GR 1986

59 418OVRISONI TONCETAMI F paraTonketamos superlative andor ordinal cf ROTAMVS TRI[T]

EI CAT[ Satildeo Martinho de Mou VIS AE 1986 293 434 ~ Vedic prathamaacute firstrsquopratamaacute lsquoforemostrsquo prathama-jaacute first-bornrsquo

TONGETVS ARANTVS Caacuterquere VIS HEp 7 1286 418IVLIA RVFA TONGETI F Rincoacuten de Gila BA Ramiacuterez 1993 252

418TONGETA TVLORI F Amieira de Tejo PTL AE 1988 684 418TONGETA TANCINI FIL Belviacutes de Monroy CC CIL II 5349 418TONGETA BOVTI F Brozas CC AE 1990 522 418IVLIA TONGETA Caacuterquere VIS Vasconcelos 1927-2 418TONGETAE RVF(I) Caacuterquere VIS AE 1987 482c 418

St Nicholas Pembrokeshire mdash TVNCCETACE VXSOR DAARI HIC IACET

506 Baile Bhoithiacuten (Ballywiheen) Kerry mdash TOGITTAC[C] MAQ[I] SAGARET[TOS]

IVLIA L F TONCETA Odrinhas LIS CIL II 295 and p 693 418

TONCETA MATER Collipo LER AE 1971 164c 418IVLIA C F TONCETA Torres Vedras LIS CIL II 296 418TONCETAE Feiras BRA ERTOM I 418 [T]ONCIVS [T]ONCETAMVS F MILES SIGNIFER COH II

LVS Fundatildeo CSB AE 1896 1 418TONCIVS TONCETAMI F ICAEDIT MILIS Idanha-a-Velha

CSB AE 1896 2 418TALAVS TONCETAMI F BOVTIE(CVM) Yecla de Yeltes SA

GR 1986 59 418OVRISONI TONCETAMI F paraTonketamos superlative andor ordinal cf

ROTAMVS TRI[T]EI CAT[ Satildeo Martinho de Mou VIS AE 1986 293 434 ~ Vedic prathamaacute firstrsquopratamaacute lsquoforemostrsquo prathama-jaacute first-bornrsquo

TONGETVS ARANTVS Caacuterquere VIS HEp 7 1286 418IVLIA RVFA TONGETI F Rincoacuten de Gila BA Ramiacuterez

1993 252 418TONGETA TVLORI F Amieira de Tejo PTL AE 1988 684

418TONGETA TANCINI FIL Belviacutes de Monroy CC CIL II

5349 418TONGETA BOVTI F Brozas CC AE 1990 522 418IVLIA TONGETA Caacuterquere VIS Vasconcelos 1927-2 418TONGETAE RVF(I) Caacuterquere VIS AE 1987 482c 418

40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W

150 km

TONC-

TONG-

possibleAncientCelticcomparandaforAr(y)anrot

rsquoΑργανθωνιος (Herodotus1163ndash5)flc 625ndash545 BC

FLACCVS | ARGANTONI [FILIVS] | MAGILANICVM | MIROBRIG|ENSIS in Vettonian territory (Alconeacutetar Caacuteceres)

ARGANTO MEDVTICA MELMANIQ[VM] (Riba de Saelices [Vallejo 2005 186ndash7])

divine epithet in LVGGONI ARGANTICAENI family name of [T]OVTONI

ARGANTIOQ[VM] AMBATI F[ILIVS] (Palencia [(Gonzaacutelez Rodriacuteguez 1986 123 Vallejo 2005 186ndash7])

Cf Cisalpine Gaulish (Vercelli) ARKATOKOlangKrangMATEREKOS ARGANTOCOMATERECVS

Cf OB Argant(AD 869) Argantan(AD 829ndash30) Argantan(AD 867) Arganthael(AD 841ndash51) Argantlon(AD 841ndash48) Argantlon(AD 8212732) Argantlouuen(AD 842) Argantmonoc

40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W

150 kmFLACCVS ARGANTONI [FILIVS] MAGILANICVM MIROBRIGENSIS

rsquoΑργανθωνιος


[T]OVTONI ARGANTIOQ[VM

] AMBATI F[ILIVS]

ARGANTO MEDVTICA

MELMANIQ[VM]

40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W

150 km

CONIA

CONI

TALACONIVS

CONICODIVS

SVCONIA

QVNO

kunikum

CONIA

ΚΥΝΗΤΕΣ

ΚΟΝΙΟΙ

ΚΟΝΙΣΚΟΙ

ΚΟΝΙΣΤΟΡΓΙΣ

possibleAncientCelticcomparandaforMac Con

40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W

150 km

anbaatiia iobaa

AMBATVS

AMBATA

[AM]BATI F ABERTVRA CC AE 1977 410 134BOVTIVS [AM]BATI AGALLAS SA HAE 1310 134MODESTVS AMBATI F COBEL(CVS) Aldea-Nova GUA CIL II 433 134AMBATVS Arroyo de la Luz CC CIL II 738 134AMBATVS Arroyo de la Luz CC CPILC 50 134AMBAT[O] Aacutevila AV LICS 26 134[A]MBATO RIVEI FILIO Aacutevila AV LICS 19 134 Riuei descartableMENTINA AMB(ATI) Boada SA HAE 1249 134CORIA AMBATI F Caacuteceres CC HAE 211 134IANVA AMBATI Cerralbo SA HAE 1253 134CLOVTI(A) AMBATI FILIA Hinojosa de Duero SA HAE 1265 134AMBATVS DIVltIgtLI F Hinojosa de Duero SA Mantildeanes et al 1992 134ΑΜΒΑΤΟΣ ΔΟΚΟΥΡΙΟΥ Interaniense Macrobius 135A[N]DERCIA AMBATI Monroy CC AE 1978 393 135IRINEVS AMBATI F Pedroso de Acim CC EE VIII 70 135AMBATVS PE[L]LI PLASENCIA CC CIL II 853 135AMBATVS MALGEINI F Sabugal GUA Vasconcelos 1913 4 135AMBATVS Salamanca SA AE 1972 287 135[AM]BATO Salamanca SA Mangas 1971 134 135REBVRRVS AM[BA]TI SALDEANA SA HAE 1328 135AMBATVS PINTOVI Saldeana SA HAE 1327 135AMBATVS TANCINVS AMBATI F AMBATVS TANCINILI F San

Martiacuten del Castantilde SA AE 1988 702 135FLACCUS AMBA[TI] CAESAROBRIGA TO CIL II 907 135

CAMIRA [A]MBATI F Trujillo CC CIL II 623 135ARCONI AMBATI F Villar del Pedroso CC CPILC 803 136CAVRVNIVS AMBATI CAVRINICVM Yecla de Yeltes SA Albertos 1975 18 136AMBATI BVRILI TVROLI F Yecla de Yeltes SA HAE 1367 136COIV CARE AMB ABAMIA O ERA 146 136AMBATO ANGOSTINA VI HAE 2522 136SECONTIO EBVREN[I]Q(VM) AMBATI F Belorado BU GR no117 136[A]MBATO ALEBBIO [B]ODANI F Belorado BU AE 1985 586 136CABEDVS SEGGVES AMBATI F Carazo BU AE 1977 447 136MACER OBISOQ(VM) AMBATI F TOLETANVS Casas de Don Pedro BA Roso de Luna 1904 136AMBATVS F CLVNIA BU CIL II 2790 136ACCETI CARIQO(N) AMBATI F Coca SG AE 1984 559 136DOID[ER]O AMB(ATI) FIL Colunga O CIL II 5751 136AMBATVS VECTVS Contrasta VI CIL II 2956 136AMAB[T]VS SERM Contrasta VI CIL II 2951 136FVSCVS CABEDVS AMBATI F VADINIENSIS Corao O CIL II 2709 136AMBA[T]VS PLEND[I] F Eguiacutelaz VI Albertos 1977 40 136TILLEGVS AMBATI F SVSARRVS TILLEGVS AMBATI Esperante LU AE 1961 96 136AMBA[TO] PACI[DO AM]BATI Fuentes de Pentildeacorad LE AE 1976 306 136

AMBATVS Herrera del Duque BA BRAH 44 127 136TALARIVS CAESARI AMBATI Hontoria de la Cantera BU ERLara 13 136ELANVS TVRAESAMICIO(N) AMBATI F Iruntildea VI CIL II 5819 136AMBATA PAESICA ARGAMONICA AMBATI VXOR Lara de

los Infantes BU ERLara 177 136MADICENVS CALAETVS AMBATI F Lara de los Infantes BU CIL II 2869 136 AMBATI F Lara de los Infantes BU ERLara 141 136ARCEA M(ARCI) AMBATI F Lara de los Infantes BU ERLara 188 136AMBATA BETVCA AMBATI F Lara de los Infantes BU ERLara 60 136S AMBA[ Lara de los Infantes BU ERLara 187 136AMBATVS VEMENVS ATI F Lara de los Infantes BU ERLara 55 136AMB[ATVS] CAEV Lara de los Infantes BU ERLara 137 136AMBATVS Lliria V CIL II 3787 136AMBATO PARAMONIS F Lois LE HAE 1811 136AMBATI PENTOVIECI AMBATIQ(VM) PENTOVI F AMBATVS Luriezo S ERCan 73 136DOITERV[S ] AMBATI F Marantildeon NA Castillo et al 1981 8 136DOITENA AMBATI CELTI F Marantildeon NA Castillo et al 1981 8 137AMBA[TO] Mendigorriacutea NA HEp 5 626 137 could be

And-[T]OVTONI ARGANTIOQ(VM) AMBATI F Palencia P IRPP 42 137[AM]BATV[S] Saraso BU Abascal 1994 271 137[AM]BATO [-2-3]ETICVM [T]VRAVI Segovia SG LICS 235 137[A]MBATVS [A]RAVI F Urabaacutein VI HAE 2571 137AMBATI Vila Nova BRA HEp 1 668 137AVELCO AMBATI F Villalacampo ZA HAE 920 137PINTOVIO AMBATI Villalacampo ZA ILER 2333 137AMBATO ARQVI F Villalacampo ZA Bragado 1991 238 137L POSTVMIVS AMBATVS Villar del Arzobispo V CIL II 4024 137AMBATVS AMBATI Austria Albertos 1977 43 137AMB(ATAE) Aacutevila AV LICS 18 137ABATAE Aacutevila AV LICS 26 137AMbrvbarBAT MAR CAESAROBRIGA TO CIL II 94 137AMBATA APPAE F Contrasta VI CIL II 2950 137IVNIA AMBATA VIRO[NI] F Gastiaacutein NA CIL II 5827 137AMBATA SEGONTI Gastiaacutein NA CIL II 5829 137AMBATA Gastiaacutein NA Castillo et al 1981 7 137AMBATA Herrera del Duque BA BRAH 44 127 137AMBATA ALBAVCA SEGOVETIS F Iglesia Pinta BU ERLara 18 137AMBATA CAELICA CAI F Iglesia Pinta BU ERLara 24 137[CA]LPVRNIAE AMBATAE LOVGEI F Lara de los Infantes BU

ERLara 99 137AMBATA Lara de los Infantes BU ERLara 155 137AMBATAE AIONCAE LOVGEI F Lara de los Infantes BU ERLara 24 137[AM]BATA [AI]ONCA [CAE]NIVETIS Lara de los Infantes BU ERLara 191 137AMBATA BETUCA AMBATI F Lara de los Infantes BU ERLara 60 137AMBATAE [D]ESSICAE RVFI Lara de los Infantes BU AE 1983 600 137AMBATE MEDICAE PLACIDI F Lara de los Infantes BU ERLara 81 137AMBATA PAESICA ARGAMONICA AMBATI F Lara de los Infantes BU ERLara 177 137AMBA[TA AL]TICA Lara de los Infantes BU ERLara 46 137AMBATAE PLANDIDAE PANCORBO BU EE VIII 172 137C(AIAE) AMBATAE SEGEI F Quintanilla de las Vintildea BU ERLara 194 137SEMPRONIAE AMBATAE CELTIBERI San Millaacuten de Lara BU ERLara 209 137AMBATAE TERENTIAE SEVERI F San Pedro de Arlanza BU ERLara 212 137AMBATAE VENIAENAE VELERI CRESCENTI F San Pedro de Arlanza BU ERLara 214 137A[MBAT]A MATIGENI Valle de San Millaacuten LO CIL II 2898 137 uncertainAMBADVS PALARI Barniedo de la Reina LE CIL II 5709 138

AMBAD(VS) AL(IVS) NEGA[LI] Mata de Hoz S FE 263 138VIVATIA AMBADA Quintanaeacutelez BU Fita 1916b 123 138CORNELIAE AMBADAE Villafranca Montes de BU CIL II 2908 138VALERIA AMBADAE Villafranca Montes de BU CIL II 2909 138[---]+BATIVS Meacuterida BA MNAR 17342 138FLA(VIVS) AMBATIO Astorga LE IRPL 108 138VERNACVLVS AMBATIC(VM) MODEST(I) Candeleda AV HEp 1 79 138AMBATI PENTOVIECI AMBATIQ(VM) PENTOVI F Luriezo S ERCan 73 138FLAVIE AMBASIE Campo Lugar CC AE 1967 209 138

paraCf Gaulish AMBACTVS on the coins of the Mediomatrici (Allen 1980 206) the word is used by Caesar for clients of Gaulish chieftains (Bello Gallico 6 15) cognate with Welsh amaeth lsquoploughman ampcrsquo lt ambi-aχtos lsquoone who is sent aroundrsquo (cf GPC sn amaeth Matasović200932)AmaethonmabDon the mythical ploughman in Culhwch ac Olwen also Llyfr Taliesin (pp 68ndash9) lsquoEchrys Ynysrsquo lines 10ndash11 MathacEuuyδ(lt Ogmios) hutʋytgeluyδryδeluinor|YmyʋGʋytyonacAmaethonatoeδkynghor









Ewrop yr Iwerydd yn Oesoedd y Metalau cwestiynau am iaith gyffredin

Atlantic Europe in the Metal Agesquestions of shared language



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ma

Dig

ital H

uman

ities





Y Ganolfan Geltaidd

CAWCS




12

Colour






Cymru yn Wrecsam


YmunwZh acirc ni











Cymru yn Wrecsam


YmunwZh acirc ni











bull NEWS

BANGORIAD







Phone + 44 (0) 1248 388332 382020Fax +44 (0) 1248 383268



AUTUMN 2011



BangorAlumni

















BANGORIAD ONLINE

bull NEWS

BANGORIAD







Phone + 44 (0) 1248 388332 382020Fax +44 (0) 1248 383268



AUTUMN 2011



BangorAlumni

















BANGORIAD ONLINE




ma

Dig

ital H

uman

ities





Y Ganolfan Geltaidd

CAWCS




12

Colour






Cymru yn Wrecsam


YmunwZh acirc ni











Cymru yn Wrecsam


YmunwZh acirc ni

















40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W

150 km

lokoobooniiraboo


LVGVEI


LVGOVIBVS

LVGVNIS DEABVS

DIBVS M[] LVCVBO


LVGVA CADDEGVN













comparanda






LUGUQQRITTAS







































MLH Vl 406ff




















40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W

150 km

TONC-

TONG-









40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W





] AMBATI F[ILIVS]

ARGANTO MEDVTICA

MELMANIQ[VM]

40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W

150 km

CONIA

CONI

TALACONIVS

CONICODIVS

SVCONIA

QVNO

kunikum

CONIA

ΚΥΝΗΤΕΣ

ΚΟΝΙΟΙ

ΚΟΝΙΣΚΟΙ



40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W

150 km

anbaatiia iobaa

AMBATVS

AMBATA


























40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W

150 km

lokoobooniiraboo


LVGVEI


LVGOVIBVS

LVGVNIS DEABVS

DIBVS M[] LVCVBO


LVGVA CADDEGVN













comparanda






LUGUQQRITTAS







































MLH Vl 406ff




















40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W

150 km

TONC-

TONG-









40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W





] AMBATI F[ILIVS]

ARGANTO MEDVTICA

MELMANIQ[VM]

40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W

150 km

CONIA

CONI

TALACONIVS

CONICODIVS

SVCONIA

QVNO

kunikum

CONIA

ΚΥΝΗΤΕΣ

ΚΟΝΙΟΙ

ΚΟΝΙΣΚΟΙ



40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W

150 km

anbaatiia iobaa

AMBATVS

AMBATA


























comparanda






LUGUQQRITTAS







































MLH Vl 406ff




















40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W

150 km

TONC-

TONG-









40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W





] AMBATI F[ILIVS]

ARGANTO MEDVTICA

MELMANIQ[VM]

40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W

150 km

CONIA

CONI

TALACONIVS

CONICODIVS

SVCONIA

QVNO

kunikum

CONIA

ΚΥΝΗΤΕΣ

ΚΟΝΙΟΙ

ΚΟΝΙΣΚΟΙ



40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W

150 km

anbaatiia iobaa

AMBATVS

AMBATA














































MLH Vl 406ff




















40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W

150 km

TONC-

TONG-









40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W





] AMBATI F[ILIVS]

ARGANTO MEDVTICA

MELMANIQ[VM]

40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W

150 km

CONIA

CONI

TALACONIVS

CONICODIVS

SVCONIA

QVNO

kunikum

CONIA

ΚΥΝΗΤΕΣ

ΚΟΝΙΟΙ

ΚΟΝΙΣΚΟΙ



40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W

150 km

anbaatiia iobaa

AMBATVS

AMBATA




























40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W

150 km

TONC-

TONG-









40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W





] AMBATI F[ILIVS]

ARGANTO MEDVTICA

MELMANIQ[VM]

40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W

150 km

CONIA

CONI

TALACONIVS

CONICODIVS

SVCONIA

QVNO

kunikum

CONIA

ΚΥΝΗΤΕΣ

ΚΟΝΙΟΙ

ΚΟΝΙΣΚΟΙ



40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W

150 km

anbaatiia iobaa

AMBATVS

AMBATA


























40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W





] AMBATI F[ILIVS]

ARGANTO MEDVTICA

MELMANIQ[VM]

40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W

150 km

CONIA

CONI

TALACONIVS

CONICODIVS

SVCONIA

QVNO

kunikum

CONIA

ΚΥΝΗΤΕΣ

ΚΟΝΙΟΙ

ΚΟΝΙΣΚΟΙ



40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W

150 km

anbaatiia iobaa

AMBATVS

AMBATA


















40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W

150 km

CONIA

CONI

TALACONIVS

CONICODIVS

SVCONIA

QVNO

kunikum

CONIA

ΚΥΝΗΤΕΣ

ΚΟΝΙΟΙ

ΚΟΝΙΣΚΟΙ



40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W

150 km

anbaatiia iobaa

AMBATVS

AMBATA


















40N40N

0EW

40N4W

40N8W

40N

8W

4W

0EW

4W8W

150 km

anbaatiia iobaa

AMBATVS

AMBATA


















Gods epigraphically attested in ancient times with counterparts in the Early Medieval texts from the...

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Transcript of Gods epigraphically attested in ancient times with counterparts in the Early Medieval texts from the...