GENERAL STUDIES Prelims Mock TEST No. 1768

GENERAL STUDIES Prelims Mock TEST No. 1768VISION IAS ONLINE SYSTEM

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Q.1 :c

Tropical Evergreen forests are found in thewestern slope of the Western Ghats, hills ofthe northeastern region and the Andamanand Nicobar Islands. They are found in warmand humid areas with an annual precipitationof over 200 cm and mean annualtemperature above 22°C. Tropical evergreenforests are well stratified, with layers closerto the ground and are covered with shrubsand creepers, with short structured treesfollowed by tall variety of trees. In theseforests, trees reach great heights up to 60 mor above. There is no definite time for treesto shed their leaves, flowering and fruition.As such these forests appear green all theyear round. Species found in these forestsinclude rosewood, mahogany, aini, ebony,etc.

Q.2 :d

According to Koppen's scheme, India can be dividedinto eight climatic regions.

Type of Climate AreasMonsoon with shortdry season

: West coast of India(south of Goa)

Monsoon with drysummer

: Coromandel Coast ofTamil Nadu

Tropical Savannah : Most of PeninsularPlateau

Semi-arid steppeclimate

: North-western Gujarat

Hot Desert : Extreme westernRajasthan

Monsoon with drysummer

: Coromandel Coast ofTamil Nadu

Cold humid winterwith short summer

: Arunachal Pradesh

Polar Type : J&K, HimachalPradesh andUttarakhand

Q.3 :d

Three major geological events in the distant pasthave shaped the present drainage system ofPeninsular India:

1. Subsidence of the western flank of thePeninsula block - It led to its submergencebelow the sea and disturbed the symmetricalplan of the river on either side of the originalwatershed.

2. Subsidence of the northern flank of thePeninsular block - It occurred due toupheaval of Himalayas and led to trough

faulting. The Narmada and Tapi flow intrough faults.

3. Slight tilting of the Peninsular block from thenorthwest to southeast direction.

This gave orientation to the entire drainage systemtowards the Bay of Bengal. Therefore, all the threegeological events are associated.

Q.4 :b

Statement 1 is incorrect. Hemis National Parkis a high altitude national park in the easternLadakh region of the state of Jammu andKashmir in India. Statement 2 is correct. It isthe only national park in India north of theHimalayas. Statement 3 is correct. It hashigh density of snow leopards.

Q.5 :c

The correct answer is Chenab. It is thelargest tributary of the Indus. It forms in theupper Himalayas in the Lahaul and Spitidistrict of Himachal Pradesh, India, and flowsthrough the Jammu region of Jammu andKashmir into the plains of the Punjab,Pakistan. The waters of the Chenab areallocated to Pakistan under the terms of theIndus Waters Treaty.It is also known as Chandrabhaga becausethe two streams Chandra and Bhaga meet atKeylong.

Q.6 :a

All these are the characteristic features oflaterite soil. It develops in the areas of highrainfall and high temperature. Due to heavyrainfall other water soluble minerals areleached away and soil rich in iron oxide andaluminium compound is left behind. Thisimparts the typical brick-like red colour andtexture to this soil type.

Q.7 :c

The westernmost point of India is located inthe state of Gujarat. Therefore, statement 1is incorrect.The Indian easternmost point is located inArunachal Pradesh. hence, statement 2 isincorrect.The main land extends between latitudes8°4'N and 37°6'N and longitudes 68°7 'E and97°25' E thus latitudinal and longitudinal

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extent of India are roughly about 30 degrees.So statement 3 is also correct.

Q.8 :d

In India, the mangrove forests spread overvast area which is 7 per cent of the world’smangrove forests. They are highly developedin the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and theSunderbans of West Bengal. Other areas ofsignificance are the Mahanadi, the Godavari,the Kaveri and the Krishna deltas region.

Q.9 :d

Shifting cultivation refers to the cycliccultivation involving the removal and burningof vegetation to create a non-permanentclearing which are followed in forest areas atvarying lengths of time. All the givenstatements are adverse effects of shiftingcultivation.

Q.10 :d

Bardoli Cheerha is the local thunderstorm ofhot weather season in Assam, which is usefulfor cultivation of tea, rice and jute.Blossom Showers are the local storm of hotweather season in Kerala and nearby areas,which is useful for cultivation of coffee.

Q.11 :d

All the statements given are correct.The rivers coming from northern mountainsare involved in depositional work.In the lower course, due to gentle slope, thevelocity of the river decreases which resultsin the formation of riverine islands. Due toErosion activity in the upper reaches ofHimalayan mountains, rivers carry thealluvial sediments .When deposited in thefloodplains, forms the riverine islands.

Q.12 :d

All the statements given are incorrect.The largest part of the northern plain isformed of older alluvium. They lie above theflood plains of the rivers and present aterrace like feature. This part is known asbhangar.The newer, younger deposits of the floodplains are called khadar. They are renewedalmost every year and so are fertile, thus,

ideal for intensive agriculture.The rivers, after descending from themountains deposit pebbles in a narrow beltof about 8 to 16 km in width lying parallel tothe slopes of the Shiwaliks. It is known asbhabar. All the streams disappear in thisbhabar belt. South of this belt, the streamsand rivers re-emerge and create a wet,swampy and marshy region known as terai.

Q.13 :b

The part of the Peninsular plateau lying tothe north of the Narmada river covering amajor area of the Malwa plateau is known asthe Central Highlands.Statement 1 is incorrect. The flow of therivers draining this region, namely theChambal, the Sind, the Betwa and Ken isfrom southwest to northeast.Statement 2 is correct. The Central Highlandsare wider in the west but narrower in theeast.Statement 3 is also correct. Highly denuded,discontinuous relict mountains are found inCentral Highlands.

Q.14 :d

NOBEL PRIZE IN CHEMISTRY

To Paul Modrich , Aziz Sancar and Thomas Lindahl -For explaining the DNA repair mechanism.

The given term are related to DNA repairmechanisms.

Paul Modrich demonstrated "Mismatch repairSystem". This mismatch system contains anumber of important protein, who canrecognise the mismatch and also recognisethe newly synthesised strands then createnew synthesis and take away the piece ofDNA containing mismatch the DNAsynthesised the correct strand.Aziz Sancar Investigated "UV induceddamage" in DNA. He has identified thecomponents and characteristics and theirmechanism know as "Nucleotide excisionrepair".Thomas Lindahl demonstrated that DNAdecays at a rate that ought to have made thedevelopment of life on earth impossible. Thisinsight led him to discover molecularmachinery "Base Excision Repair" whichconstantly counteracts the collapse of ourDNA.



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Q.15 :d

The IUCN Red List is used to inform andinfluence many different sectors of society. Itenables biodiversity needs to be factoredinto decision-making processes.The IUCNRed List informs decision-making whichshapes Multilateral EnvironmentalAgreements, including the Convention onInternational Trade in Endangered Species,the Convention on Migratory Species and theRamsar Convention.The Ramsar Convention works closely withfive other organisations known asInternational Organization Partners (IOPs).These are Birdlife International, theInternational Union for Conservation ofNature (IUCN), the International WaterManagement Institute (IWMI), WetlandsInternational and WWF International.

Q.16 :b

Japanese scientist Takaaki Kajita andCanadian researcher Arthur B. McDonaldshared 2015 Physics Nobel for the discoverythat neutrinos-fundamental particles thatcome in three types, or flavors-can actuallyswap identities and change flavors as theyfly through space.The discovery contradicted the StandardModel of particle physics which predictedthat neutrinos would be massless. Forneutrinos to change flavors, however, theymust have mass. Kajita and McDonalddemonstrated that neutrinos must thereforehave a very small but nonzero mass.Thediscovery that neutrinos have mass hasprofound consequences—not only for particlephysics, pointing at physics beyond theStandard Model, but also for astrophysicsand cosmology

Q.17 :d

Some important mountain peaks in Andamanand Nicobar islands are Saddle peak (NorthAndaman – 738 m), Mount Diavolo (MiddleAndaman – 515 m), Mount Koyob (SouthAndaman - 460 m) and Mount Thuiller (GreatNicobar – 642 m).

Q.18 :d

There are following methods of soil conservation:

Mulching: The bare ground between plantsis covered with a layer of organic matter like

straw. It helps to retain soil moisture.Contour barriers: Stones, grass, soil areused to build barriers along contours.Trenches are made in front of the barriers tocollect water.Rock dam: Rocks are piled up to slow downthe flow of water. This prevents gullies andfurther soil loss.Terrace farming: These are made on thesteep slopes so that flat surfaces areavailable to grow crops. They can reducesurface run-off and soil erosion.Intercropping: Different crops are grown inalternate rows and are sown at differenttimes to protect the soil from rain wash.Contour ploughing: Ploughing parallel tothe contours of a hill slope to form a naturalbarrier for water to flow down the slope.Shelter belts: In the coastal and dryregions, rows of trees are planted to checkthe wind movement to protect soil cover.

Q.19 :c

Diphu Pass - Arunachal Pradesh at trijunctionof India, China and MyanmarBum La - Arunachal Pradesh, very close toBhutanNathu La - Sikkim, connects it with Tibetthough Chumbi ValleyKhardung La - Located on Ladakh Range,road from Leh to Siachen base passesthrough it

Q.20 :b

Vale of Kashmir is the intermontane valley inwestern Jammu and Kashmir flanked by themain range of the Himalyas on the northeastand the Pir Panjal Range on the southwest.Karewas are the lacustrine deposits in theValley of Kashmir. They are known for thecultivation of saffron.In deltaic plains, uplands are called andmarshy lands as Bugyals are alpine pasturelands, or meadows of the Himalayas in theIndian state of Uttarakhand.

Q.21 :a

Ritchie's Archipelago and Labyrinth Islandsare two principal groups of islets in theAndaman and Nicobar Island archipelago.Ritchie's Archipelago is a cluster of smallerislands which lie some 25-30 km (16-19 mi)east of Great Andaman, the main islandgroup of the Andaman Islands.



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Q.22 :b

Maximum development of glaciers occurs inthe Karakoram range. This range accountsfor about 16000 sq. km or about half of thesnow bound area of the Himalayan region.Some of the largest glaciers outside the polarand sub polar regions are found in thisraange. The 75km long Siachin Glacier inNubra Valley has the distinction of being thelargest glacier outside the polar and subpolar regions. Gangotri Glacier which is 30km long is the largest glacier in the kumaonGarhwal region of the Himalayas.

Q.23 :b

Statement 1 and 3 are correct. WesternGhats are comparatively higher in elevationand more continuous than the Eastern Ghats.Their average elevation is about 1,500 mwith the height increasing from north tosouth. They stretch from River Tapi uptoKanyakumarai.

Q.24 :a

Tropical Evergreen Forests- Some of thecommercially important trees of this forestare ebony, mahogany, rosewood, rubber andcinchona.Tropical Deciduous Forests- Teak is the mostdominant species of this forest.Bamboos, sal, shisham, sandalwood, khair,kusum, arjun, mulberry are othercommercially important species.Montane Forests- Silver fir, junipers, pinesand birches are the common trees of theseforests.Himalayan Moist- Walnut.

Q.25 :d

River Mahi rises from the northwestern partof the Vindhyan Range in Madhya Pradeshand empties in the Gulf of Khambhat.Rest three are part of Inland Drainage.

Q.26 :c

The dendritic pattern develops where theriver channel follows the slope of the terrain.The stream with its tributaries resembles thebranches of a tree, thus the name dendritic.A river joined by its tributaries, atapproximately right angles, develops a trellispattern. A trellis drainage pattern develops

where hard and soft rocks exist parallel toeach other. A rectangular drainage patterndevelops on a strongly jointed rocky terrain.The radial pattern develops when streamsflow in different directions from a centralpeak or dome like structure.

Q.27 :b

During the monsoon season, a northwardshift in the ITCZ causes an attraction ofMaritime Tropical (mT) air mass. This airmass is laden with moisture and is said tobring about monsoon over the Indian sub-continent.

Q.28 :c

Nirbhay missiles are not part of India's IntegratedGuided Missile Development Programme.

The missiles developed under the programme are:

1. Prithvi2. Trishul3. Nag4. Akash5. Agni

Q.29 :d

Green bond is a debt instrument (and notequity instrument) which publicly states thatcapital is being raised to fund 'green'projects, that typically include those relatingto renewable energy, emission reductionsand so on.Green bonds are issued by multilateralagencies such as the World Bank,corporations, government agencies andmunicipalities.

India has embarked on an ambitious target ofbuilding 175 gigawatt of renewable energy capacityby 2022, from just over 30 gigawatt now. Thisrequires a massive $200 billion in funding. This islikely to increase India's share in green bond market

Q.30 :d

Only statement 3 is incorrect.In mountainous areas, the decrease intemperature with increasing altitude leads toa corresponding change in naturalvegetation.The Himalayan ranges show a succession ofvegetation from the tropical to the tundra,



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which change in with the altitude.Deciduous forests are found in the foothills ofthe Himalayas. The temperate forests arecalled Sholas in the Nilgiris, Anaimalai andPalani hills.

Q.31 :a

The river Indus rises in Tibet, near LakeMansarowar. Flowing west, it enters India inthe Ladakh district of Jammu and Kashmir. Itforms a picturesque gorge in this part.Several tributaries, the Zaskar, the Nubra,the Shyok and the Hunza, join it in theKashmir region.Ramganga is tributary of river Ganga.

Q.32 :c

The monsoon approaches the Indian landmass intwo branches - Arabian Sea branch and Bay ofBengal branch. The Arabian Sea Branch is muchmore powerful than the Bay of Bengal branch. This isbecause of two reasons:

1. Arabian Sea is larger than the Bay of Bengal2. Entire Arabian Sea current advances towards

India while only a part of Bay of Bengalcurrent enters India, the remainderproceeding to Myanmar, Thailand andMalaysia.

On arriving in the mainland of India, Arabian SeaBranch is divided into three distinct streams (onebranch obstructed by Western Ghats, the otherstriking the coast north of Mumbai and the thirdstriking the Saurashtra Peninsula and Kachchh). Bayof Bengal branch, on the other hand, is divided intotwo streams( one branch moves along the Gangaplains reaching as far as Punjab Plains and the otherbranch moves up the Brahmaputra valley in thenorth and the northeast).

Q.33 :c

Superimposed drainage system exhibitsdiscordance with the underlying rockstructure because it originally developed ona cover of rocks that has now disappeareddue to denudation. Peninsular rivers exhibitthis type of drainage.

Q.34 :c

Flowing through Assam, Brahmaputra mostlyhas a braided channel passage. There is aconstant shifting of the river channels and

the sandy shoals and forms many riverineislands, the most important of which isMajuli.

Q.35 :b

Nainital is located in Kumaon hills ofHimalayas and not Shiwaliks. Mt Abu issituated in Aravalis and Ooty in Nilgari Hills.

Q.36 :a

Ranchi, Bhopal and Gandhinagar are situatedsouth of the tropic of cancer line.

Q.37 :c

The Malabar coast has got certaindistinguishing features in the form of 'Kayals'(backwaters), which are used for fishing,inland navigation and also due to its specialattraction for tourists. Every year the famousNehru Trophy Vallamkali (boat race) is heldin Punnamada Kayal in Kerala.

Q.38 :a

The correct sequence is Option A.The Cardamom Hills, southern hills of Indiaand part of the southern Western Ghats arelocated in southeast Kerala and southwestTamil Nadu. Anaimalai hills are placed justnorth of Cardamom hills. The Nilgiri (bluemountains), are a range of mountainsforming a part of the Western Ghats situatedin the western part of Tamil Nadu state atthe junction of Karnataka and Kerala states.The Javadhu Hills (also Jawadhi, JawadhuHills) are an extension of the Eastern Ghatsspread across parts of Vellore andTiruvannamalai districts in the northern partof the state of Tamil Nadu.

Q.39 :a

Guru Shikhar, a peak in the ArbudaMountains of Rajasthan, is the highest pointof the Aravalli Range.While, Barak is a river which originates fromBarail Range.Nokrek Peak is the highest point of the GaroHills region of the State.

Q.40 :d



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Because of their ability to remove soil andtransport it, wind and water are powerfulagents of soil erosion. While wind erosion issignificant in arid and semi-arid regions,erosion by running water is more active inwet areas. Water erosion takes place mainlyin the form of sheet and gully erosion. Whilesheet erosion takes place on level lands,gully erosion is common on steep slopes.Badland topography is associated with gullyerosion as large number of deep gullies orravines develop in a region. Ravines arewidespread in Chambal Basin. Therefore,none of the statements are correct.

Q.41 :d

Projects such as Crocodile Breeding Project,Project Hangul and conservation ofHimalayan Musk deer have been launched bythe Government of India as specialconservation efforts for these species. Thereis no special project launched by thGovernment of India for the exclusiveprotection of Himalayan Tahr.

Q.42 :c

The DRDO inaugurated an Extreme AltitudeResearch Centre at Chang La in Jammu andKashmir at 17,600 ft above mean sea level,the world's highest terrestrial R&D centre.It has been established by Defence Instituteof High Altitude Research (DIHAR), Leh, aconstituent establishment of DefenceResearch and Development Organisation(DRDO).Numerous life sciences activities will beundertaken at this centre. This will includehuman physiological work, long termconservation of plant genetic resources,designing, testing and demonstration ofmobile and portable greenhouses. The centrewill also work towards the conservation andpropagation of endangered extreme altitudemedicinal plants and others.

Q.43 :a

Government has decided to set up a NationalTribal Advisory Council for effectingmonitoring and implementation of varioustribal welfare schemes.The Fifth Schedule to the Constitution ofIndia contains provisions concerning theadministration and control of ScheduledAreas and Scheduled Tribes.Fourth Schedule speaks about allocation of

seats and has no bearing on NationalAdvisory council. Statement 2 is wrong.Provisions under Schedule V: If the Presidentso directs, each State having ScheduledAreas and also any State having ScheduledTribes but not Scheduled Areas, of a TribesAdvisory Council consisting of not more thantwenty members of whom, as nearly as maybe, three-fourths shall be the representativesof the Scheduled Tribes in the LegislativeAssembly of the State.However, the fifth schedule does notprovides for National Tribal Advisory council.Hence statement 2 is wrong.The council will be chaired by the PrimeMinister and will meet once or twice in ayear. Hence, statement 3 is wrong.

Q.44 :a

Sundarbans house littoral and swampforests. Mangroves are found here, notevergreen forests.Other places (except Andaman and Nicobar)have mangroves, but not evergreen forests.

Q.45 :c

The Tamil Nadu coast remains dry during thesummer monsoon season. There are two factorsresponsible for it:

1. The Tamil Nadu coast is situated parallel tothe Bay of Bengal branch of South-Westmonsoon.

2. It lies in the rain shadow area of the ArabianSea branch of the South-West.So bothstatement are correct .

Q.46 :d

Reasons for excessive cold during the cold weatherseason in North India are:

1. States like Punjab, Haryana etc are far awayfrom the moderating influence of sea.

2. Snowfall in the nearby Himalayan rangescreates cold wave situation.

3. Cold winds coming from the Caspian Sea andTurkmenistan bring cold wave along withfrost and fog over these regions.

Q.47 :d

To prevent gully erosion and control theirformation all the mentioned methods, exceptshelter belts, may be applied. Finger gullies



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can be eliminated by terracing. In biggergullies, the erosive velocity of water may bereduced by constructing a series of checkdams. Special attention should be made tocontrol headward extension of gullies. Thiscan be done by gully plugging, terracing orby planting cover vegetation.

Q.48 :d

Hiran is a tributary to the Narmada River.

Q.49 :b

Black soils swell and become sticky whenwet and shrink when dried. So during the dryseason, these soil develop wide cracks. Thus,there occurs a kind of self ploughing.Therefore statement 1 is wrong.

Chemically, the black soils are rich in lime,iron, magnesia and alumina. They alsocontain potash. But they lack inphosphorous, nitrogen and organic matter. They are also known as Regur Soils. Hence B is the correct answer.

Q.50 :b

The tribes of the Andaman Islands - the Jarawa,Great Andamanese, Onge and Sentinelese - arebelieved to have lived in their Indian Ocean home forup to 55,000 years. Considered one of the mostisolated people on earth, the Jarawa are a hunter-gatherer tribe that has lived in the dense forests ofAndaman Islands completely cut off from the outsideworld for thousands of years.

However, with the increasing flow of outsiders, theJarawas are facing the threat of extinction. Today,approximately 400 members of the nomadic Jarawatribe live in groups of 40-50 people in chaddhas - asthey call their homes.

They are kept in the category of Scheduled Tribes.

Some more facts about Jarawas:

1. Contraceptive methods used by Jarawa: Ascontraceptive leaves known as Vachahi andHatho are used.

2. There are specific divisions of labour amongthe jarawas when they are on movement.Male members pick and carry their huntingimplements and clean the way, the femalemembers carry the food articles and otherhousehold belongings.

3. The jarawas of both sexes go complete

naked. However some ornaments are wornby them but these are not in the sense tocover their nudity.

4. The marriage generally occurs between theadolescents. A widow/widower can get marryin the Jarawa community. Though the jarwaare strictly monogamous, subsequentmarriages are common.

Q.51 :b

Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana RSBY waslaunched in early 2008 to provide forcashless insurance for hospitalisation inpublic as well as private hospitals.Unorganized sector workers belonging to BPLcategory and their family members (a familyunit of five) shall be the beneficiaries underthe scheme.

Benefits:

The unroganised sector worker and his family(unit of five) will be covered and the totalsum insured would be Rs. 30,000/- per familyper annum on a family floater basis.Cashless attendance to all covered ailments.All pre-existing diseases to be covered.Transportation costs (actual with maximumlimit of Rs. 100 per visit) within an overalllimit of Rs.1000 Earlier RSBY was a projectunder the Ministry of Labour andEmployment. Now it has been transferred toMinistry of Health and family welfare fromApril 1, 2015.

Hence, statement 1 and 2 are correct and statement3 is wrong.

Q.52 :b

Mawsynram is a village in the East Khasi Hillsdistrict of Meghalaya state in north-easternIndia, 65 kilometres from Shillong. It isreportedly the wettest place on Earth, withan average annual rainfall of 11,872millimetres.

Q.53 :b

The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR), the firstof the fourteen biosphere reserves of India,was established in September 1986. Thetopography of the NBR is extremely varied,ranging from an altitude of 250 m to 2,650m. It has largest population of twoendangered species Lion-tailed macaque andNilgiri tahr. The Western Ghats, Nilgiri Sub-



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Cluster, conjoining the Nilgiri BiosphereReserve, is a World Heritage Site declared byUNESCO in 2012. It includes the Mudumalai,Mukurthi, Wayanad and Bandipur nationalparks.

Q.54 :b

India has a rich variety of wetland habitats.About 70% of this comprises areas underpaddy cultivation.

Q.55 :d

Lakshadweep has zero per cent forestarea;So statement 1 is correct. Most of thestates with less than 10 per cent of the forestarea lie in the north and northwestern part ofthe country. These are Rajasthan, Gujarat,Punjab, Haryana and Delhi.So Statement 2 isalso correct. The southern slopes of theHimalayas carry a thicker vegetation coverbecause of relatively higher precipitationthan the drier north-facing slopes .statement3 is also correct.

Q.56 :d

Montane Forest These trees are calledconiferous trees. Chir, Pine and Deodar areimportant trees of these forests. ThronyCactus, khair babol, keekar are importantand are found in the states of Rajasthan,Punjab, Haryana, Eastern slopes of WesternGhats and Gujarat.Mangrove forest Sundariis a well-known species of trees in mangroveforests after which Sunderbans have beennamed.Tropical Deciduous: Important trees ofthese forests are sal, teak, peepal, neem andshisham.

Q.57 :b

Whiteflly is a small (1-2 mm) white-colouredinsect affecting cotton, and also occurring onvegetables and other crops in tropical andsub-tropical regions. The whitefly sucks sapfrom the phloem or living tissue carryingorganic nutrients, causes yellowing andupward curling of the leaves. The insect alsodeposits sticky honey dew excretion, whichpromotes sooty mould fungi that interferewith photosynthesis. Sticky cotton makesginning and milling difficult. In north India,whitefly is present throughout the year, duethe wide range of crops grown, shifting from

one crop to the other. But more damage iscaused by the cotton leaf curl virus that istransmitted by the same insect. There are nocontrol measures for this virus. The disease-affected plants are stunted, with fewernumbers of bolls and reduced yields.Besides, the infected plants serve as sourceof inoculums and infestation for theremaining healthy fields. Hence, statement 1is correct.The late-sown crop is tender in July-August,when weather conditions - hot, humid andcloudy - are most congenial for the whiteflyand leaf curl virus transmission. The early-sown crop is less susceptible, as the matureleaves are not preferred by whiteflies.Whiteflies have a white waxy coating on theirbody at nymphal stage and on wings at theadult insect stage. The waxy coating protectswhiteflies from most insecticides. On theother hand, many broad-spectruminsecticides like synthetic pyrethroids andmixtures kill a wide range of insects in thefields. That includes even beneficial insectsknown to control whiteflies naturally. Theabsence of beneficial natural enemies leadsto whitefly resurgence and out breaks.Hence, statement 2 is correct.The ineffectiveness of genetically modified(GM) cotton against the recent whiteflyattack in Punjab and Haryana, whichwitnessed widespread protests by farmers,has raised concern among agriculturalexperts and farmers over the growingdependency on Bt cotton. Hence, statement3 is wrong. Whiteflies are physically delicateand can be controlled even with watersprays. The best approach is to selectmethods causing least disturbance tobeneficial insects that can control thewhitefly naturally. Therefore broad-spectruminsecticides such as synthetic pyrethroidsand mixtures should be strictly avoided. It isbetter to rely initially on water sprays,followed by soap sprays, suction traps,yellow sticky traps and reflective sheets orsprays with preparations of neem oil, castoroil, fish oil and rosin soap. There arechemicals, also known as insect growthregulators, like buprofezin and pyriproxyfen.These control whiteflies, while seen to haveless effect on beneficial insects.

Q.58 :a

IAFS is an official platform for the African-Indian relations. It is held every 3 years andthe venue is selected on rotational basisfrom both sides. Agenda of the summit: Itcovers various fields including agricultural



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sector, trade, industry and investment,peace and security, promotion of goodgovernance and civil society, information andcommunication technology (ICT) etc.First Summit: It was held in 2008 in NewDelhi and was represented by 14 countries ofAfrica chosen by the African Union.Second Summit: It was held at Addis Ababa,Ethiopia and 15 African countries hadparticipated in it.Third Summit: Present summit was earlierscheduled in December 2014 in New Delhi,but it was postponed to October 2015 due todeadly Ebola outbreak in few western Africancountries.The Third India-Africa Forum Summit (IAFS)was the largest international gathering ofleaders in New Delhi after the 1983 Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) summit. It was alsoone of the largest gatherings of Africancountries outside Africa as all 54 nations ofthe continent had participated.The Indo-African Forum summit was initiatedto revisit the declining relations between thetwo countries since 1990s. It was not a partof the NAM but was an independent forum.

Q.59 :b

The Global Competitiveness Report2015-2016 assesses the competitivenesslandscape of 140 economies, providinginsight into the drivers of their productivityand prosperity. It was published by WorldEconomic Forum (WEF).Competitiveness Report 2015-2016: Indiahas been placed at 55th position on 2015Global Competitiveness Index of the world'smost competitive economies. Switzerlandhas retained its top position as the world'smost competitive economy for seventh yearin a row.India moved up 16 positions in this edition ofindex as compared to 71th position in 2014.Most problematic factors for doing businessin India are policy instability, corruption,inflation and access to finance. India ranks inareas such as investor protection, quality ofeducation system, gross national savings,venture capital availability, GDP anddomestic market size, hiring and firingpractices, burden of government regulationand public trust in politicians.No member of the South Asian Associationfor Regional Cooperation (SAARC) features inthe top 50.India leads the way at 55th, followed by SriLanka (68th, up five). Nepal (100th, up two),Bhutan (105th, down two), Bangladesh(107th, up two), and Pakistan (126th, up

three) all rank 100th or below.Although last year all SAARC countriesexcept Bhutan posted small gains, since2007 only Nepal has managed to progresssignificantly (14 places gained); Pakistan lost34 places during that period and India,despite leapfrogging 16 places this year, stillranks seven notches lower than it did in2007.

Q.60 :a

Areas of Low Rainfall(receive rainfallbetween 50-100 cm):Western UttarPradesh,Delhi, Haryana, Punjab,Jammu andKashmir,eastern Rajasthan, Gujarat andDeccan Plateau. Eastern Madhya Pradesh,Jharkhand comes under Areas of MediumRainfall : (Rainfall between 100-200 cm).

Q.61 :c

Heritiera fomes is a species of mangrove tree in thefamily Malvaceae. Its common names includesunder, sundri, jekanazo and pinlekanazo. It is thedominant mangrove tree species of the Sundarbansof Bangladesh and India, and comprises about 70%of the trees in the area. H. fomes is a major timber-producing tree. It is threatened by over-harvesting,water diversions in the Ganges Basin, fluctuations insalinity due to upstream and coastal developmentand top dying disease. The International Union forConservation of Nature has assessed it as being"endangered".

Q.62 :b

Shelter belts are used in arid and semi-aridareas to protect cultivable lands fromencroachment by sand dunes.Strip cropping is a method of farming whichinvolves cultivating a field partitioned intolong, narrow strips which are alternated in acrop rotation system. It is used when a slopeis too steep

Q.63 :b

Among the given seasons, spring season andautumn season are called weaker seasons astheir duration may be reduced from 3 weeksto 6 weeks depending upon the intensity ofthe approaching or the receeding seasons.

Q.64 :a



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Tundra type of region is the place which isextremely cold. The growth of naturalvegetation is very limited here. Only mosses,lichens and very small shrubs are found here.It grows during the very short summer.

Q.65 :b

During the south-west monsoon period afterhaving rains for a few days, if rain fails tooccur for one or more weeks, it is known asbreak in the monsoon. These breaks arebelieved to be brought about by the collapseof the Tibetan High which results innorthward shifting of the monsoontrough(ITCZ) to the foothills of theHimalayas. This results in high flooding of therivers having their catchment areas in theHimalayas. These breaks in the differentregions are due to different reasons. Overthe west coast, the dry spells are associatedwith days when winds blow parallel to thecoast.

Q.66 :b

Drainage system development is a slowprocess and takes thousands of years, hencegeological time period is an important factor.Nature and structure of rocks determine thetype of drainage pattern, for instance theGangetic plain is dendritic due to thepresence of soft alluvium, while the drainagepattern in the peninsular India is trellisbecause of the presence of harder rocks.Drainage system is independent of thechemical property of water. Optionscontaining this has to be eliminated. Ifamount and periodicity of water flow is onthe higher side, it increases thedegradational capacity of of water andaffects the drainage pattern. Topography andgradient's contrasting effect can be provedby the difference in the drainage pattern ofHimalyan and Peninsular rivers.

Q.67 :a

Western Disturbance (WD) is the term usedto describe an extratropical storm that bringssudden winter rain and snow to thenorthwestern parts of the Indiansubcontinent. This is a non-monsoonalprecipitation pattern driven by theWesterlies. The moisture in these stormsusually originates over the MediterraneanSea. Western Disturbances are important tothe development of the Rabi crop.

Q.68 :d

Forest fires always start by one of two ways -naturally caused or human caused. Naturalfires are generally started by lightning,volcanoes, rolling stones giving off sparksand friction due to swaying of bamboos bywinds. Shifting cultivation is ananthropogenic cause of forest fires.

Q.69 :c

The state government by notification maydeclare an area to be a sanctuary if itconsiders that area has adequate ecological,faunal, floral, geomorphic, natural orzoological significance for the purpose ofprotecting, propagating or development ofwildlife of its environment.National Park: Hunting or any humanactivity is completely prohibited in a nationalpark.Game Reserve: In any area notified bystate government in India as game reserve,hunting of wild animal is permitted inside thegame reserve.Closed area: An area declared by stateGovernment closed for hunting for a certainperiod. No hunting of any wild animal ispermitted in a closed area.

Q.70 :a

The monsoon advance with startlingsuddenness accompanied by lot of thunder,lightening and heavy downpour. This suddenonset of rain is termed as monsoon burst.The shift in the position of the ITCZ is relatedto the phenomenon of the withdrawal of thewesterly jet stream from its position over thenorth Indian plain, south of the Himalayas.The easterly jet stream sets in along 150Nlatitude only after the western jet stream haswithdrawn itself from the region. Thiseasterly jet stream is held responsible for theburst of monsoon in India.Northward shifting of the monsoontrough(ITCZ) to the foothills of the Himalayasis associated with break in the monsoon.

Q.71 :a

Operation Smile is a successful model fortracing and rescuing the missing children. Itwas started in the city of Ghaziabad. Thisunique model has been appreciated all overthe country. The drive pioneered by home



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minister has seen different state police andwomen and child departments step up effortsto rescue missing children, with Haryana andMaharashtra taking the lead.Home Ministry has also asked the stategovernments to sensitise and train policeofficers at various ranks about issues relatedto missing children, POSCO Act, JuvenileJustice Act and Protection of Child Rights Actsand then sent to various parts of the countryincluding Delhi, Jaipur, Haridwar, Gurgaon,Mumbai and Kolkata to recover missingchildren.

Q.72 :b

International shipping regulators revised the'high-risk area' boundary in the Indian Oceanand have shifted its eastern boundary awayfrom the western coastline of India to 65°East longitude. HRA was extended from 65°East longitude to 78° East longitude in 2010in the wake of a surge in piracy incidents offthe coast of Somalia. Since then, theinternational maritime forces haveundertaken extensive counter-piracyoperations and successfully mitigated piracyin this region. However it has been againshifted to 65°. Hence Statement 1 is wrong.

Implications:

Economic: Reduce in insurance premiumpaid by shipping companies for securitypurpose against piracy. Consequently hugesavings for India's EXIM (export-import) tradeand Indian consumers on account of reducedfreight cost due to less insurance premium.Maritime Security: It will be not jeopardizedas there will be shift of Internationalmaritime traffic density along the westernIndian coastline which earlier had led tomaritime congestion.

Q.73 :b

Anaimudi is the highest peak in the Westernghats while the Agasthamalai is the not thehighest and in the western ghats .Doddabetta is the highest peak in the Nilgirihills. Mahendragiri is the highest peak in theEatern Ghats.

Q.74 :b

Assam lies between latitude 24 degree and28 degree. Hence, all the latitudes that pass

through Assam must pass through Rajasthanas it is between 23.5 degree to 30 degree.While this is not true for other three states.

Q.75 :b

Andaman and Nicobar islands are separatedby the Ten Degree channel. The GreatChannel separates Nicobar and Sumatraislands. Coco Channel separates theAndaman and Coco island (Myanmar) While,Eight Degree channel separatesLakshyadweep and Maldives.

Q.76 :c

Chemical fertilizers in the absence of organicmanures is harmful to the soil. This isbecause, unless the soil gets enough humus,chemicals harden it and reduce the fertilityof the soil in the long run.Salinity increases mainly due to excessiveirrigation. Chemicals fertilizers do notdecrease the nitrogen content. Fertilizershave no relations as such with loosening ofthe soil.

Q.77 :b

Most part of India receive rainfall of 70 cmsto 200 cms concentrated over a limitedperiod of time in a year. Also known asmonsoon type climate though most of theyear observes tropical climate. Hence thecorresponding vegetation is deciduous inthose part of the India.

Q.78 :c

Both statements are correct. Mizoram iscalled a land of rolling hills, valleys, riversand lakes. As many as 21 major hills rangesor peaks of different heights run through thelength and breadth of the state, with plainsscattered here and there. The average heightof the hills to the west of the state are about1,000 metres (3,281 feet). These graduallyrise up to 1,300 metres (4,265 feet) to theeast. Some areas, however, have higherranges which go up to a height of over 2,000metres (6,562 feet).Molasses basin are made up of softunconsolidated deposits generally in forelandof mountain foothills. Mizoram has plenty ofthat and hence called molasses basin.



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Q.79 :b

Western coastal plains are example ofsubmergent coasts due to subsidence oneportion of landmass along the fault line. Thesteep overlooking western ghats are theother part of that landmass. Western coastsare narrower offering natural condition forharbor and forms estuaries for swift flowingrivers. Eastern coasts are broader and henceit is a costly affair to build and maintain aport on this coast. Continuous dredging isrequired to maintain depth for berthing ofships.

Q.80 :b

Bonds are instruments of debt - typicallyused by corporates to raise money frominvestors. Masala bonds have to be explainedin the context of Indian corporates raisingmoney from overseas investors. Beforemasala bonds, corporates have had to relyon avenues such as external commercialborrowings or ECBs. Masala bonds are rupee-denominated bonds issued to overseasbuyers. As the Indian rupee has limitedconvertibility, the investors lend the dollarequivalent of the rupee. The Indian corporateneeds to pay back the dollar equivalent sumof rupees agreed before. The currency risk iswith the investor.The International Finance Corporation (IFC),the investment arm of the World Bank,issued a Rs. 1,000 crore bond in Novemberlast year. The purpose of the issue was tofund infrastructure projects in India. IFCnamed them ‘masala’ bonds to reflect theIndian angle to it. This kind of naming hasbeen done before. This is, in fact, much likeIFC's Chinese yuan-denominated Dim sumbonds. It isn't unusual in the foreign bondsmarket to encounter names such as Yankeeand Bulldog. By the way, Japanese yen-denominated bonds are called Samurai.There was even much speculation aboutwhat the rupee-denominated bonds would becalled before 'masala' was confirmed.Samosa, Ganga, and Peacock wereapparently some of the names doing therounds.

Q.81 :d

Governed and administered by the PensionFund Regulatory and Development Authority(PFRDA) NPS was launched in 2004 and wasinitially introduced for the new Governmentrecruits (except armed forces). It was

extended for all citizens of the country from1 May 2009 including the un-organizedsector workers on voluntary basis.Its objective is to provide retirement incometo all the citizens.The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has allowednon-resident Indians (NRIs) to subscribe tothe National Pension System (NPS) enablingthem access old age income security.

Q.82 :c

Regions with variability of less than 25 percent include western coasts of westernghats, northeastern Peninsula, eastern plainsof the Ganga, north-eastern India,Uttrakhand and Himachal Pradesh and South-western part of Jammu and Kashmir. Theseareas have annual rainfall of over 100 cm.Western Part of Rajasthan, northern part ofJammu and Kashmir and interior parts of theDeccan Plateau have a variability of over 50per cent. These areas have annual rainfall ofless than 50 cm.Rest of India have a variability of 25-50 percent and receive an annual rainfall between50-100 cm.

Q.83 :d

The outer most range of the Himalayas iscalled the Shiwaliks, The northern mostrange is known as the Great or InnerHimalayas or the ‘Himadri’. Thereforestatement 1 is incorrect.The folds of Great Himalayas areasymmetrical in nature. Therefore statement2 is also incorrect.

Q.84 :b

Saline Soils are also known as Usara soils.Saline soils contain a larger proportion ofsodium, potassium and magnesium, andthus, they are infertile, and do not supportany vegetative growth. They have moresalts, largely because of dry climate and poordrainage. They occur in arid and semi-aridregions, and in waterlogged and swampyareas. Their structure ranges from sandy toloamy. They lack in nitrogen and calcium.Saline soils are more widespread in westernGujarat, deltas of the eastern coast and inSunderban areas of West Bengal.

Q.85 :c



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The northern boundary of peninsular block isa little north to Satpura mountains fromKachchh in Gujarat to Ganges delta. Thisboundary roughly runs parallel to Yamunaand Ganga. Satpura mountains are not foldbut block mountains.

Q.86 :d

IST does not divide India exactly into two halfmeridionals rather it is the closest meridianwhich to the one which divides India into twohalf and is multiple of 7°30'. It is aconvention to take the meridian which ismultiple of 7° 30' as standard time and whichalso divides a country into two nearly equalpart if not exactly. Many countries with largemeridional expanse have more than onestandard time meridian like Australia etc. ISTdoes not pass through Telangana. It passesthrough U.P., Odisha, M.P., Chhattisgarh andAndhra Pradesh.

Q.87 :d

Poor signal strength,Interference by badenvironment condition,Shortage of spectrumare some major reason for call drops whilelow availability of tower are major reason forcall drop.Mobile phones work using radio waves in thefrequency range of 300 MHz and 3,000 MHz.But the entire range is not available for use.Critically, the lower the number, the betterthe quality of transmission.Towers act as boosters that help radio wavestravel better, and are a necessary part of thetelecom architecture in any country. Thereare approximately 5,50,000 towers in India,and industry associations reckon another1,00,000 are needed.There is a shortage of spectrum in key bandslike 900 MHz and 1,800 MHz. Thegovernment insists that call drops can beaddressed to a large extent through bettermanagement of spectrum, but that canprovide only partial relief.Bad weather conditions like dense cloud,thunder & lightning etc. affects the call dropissues.Thus only statement 3 is incorrect.

Q.88 :d

Statement 1 is correct: The Group of Twenty(also known as the G-20 or G20) is aninternational forum for the governments andcentral bank governors from 20 major

economies. G20 is not an organization, butoperate as a forum. It does not have anypermanent secretariat or management andadministrative structure.Statement 2 is correct: The G-20 heads ofgovernment or heads of state haveperiodically conferred at summits since theirinitial meeting in 2008, and the group alsohosts separate meetings of finance ministersand central bank governors.Statement 3 is correct: India is set to be theG20 Chair in 2018, and New Delhi could hostthe prestigious annual G20 summit. China ischairing the G20 in 2016, following whichGermany will in 2017.

Q.89 :d

Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Nagaland andMizoram share the boundary with Myanmar.Tripura shares the boundary with Bangladeshand not with the Myanmar.

Q.90 :d

The Gondwana land included India, Australia,South Africa,South America and Antarctica asone single landmass.

Q.91 :d

Betla National Park is a national park locatedin the Chota Nagpur Plateau of the Latehardistrict of the Indian state of Jharkhand, inIndia. The park boasts a wide variety of wildlife. "Betla" is an acronym of the followingwords: bison, elephant, tiger, leopard, axis-axis.Bannerghatta National Park is in Karnataka,the Bannerghatta Biological Park, popularlyknown as BBP, has been an integral part ofBannerghatta National Park. The OrangNational Park, located on the north bank ofthe Brahmaputra River in the Darrang andSonitpur districts of Assam, It is also knownas the mini Kaziranga National Park.

Q.92 :b

During the winter months, a high pressurecentre in the region lying to the north of theHimalayas. This centre of high pressure givesrise to flow of air from Central Asia towardsIndian subcontinent. Hence, statement 1 iswrong.



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Q.93 :d

Indian Seasons may be classified as follows:

Vasanta: March-AprilGrishma: May-JuneVarsha: July-AugustSharada: September-OctoberHemanta: November-DecemberShishira: January- February

Q.94 :b

Karewas are lacustrine deposits of kashmirvalley. Here zaffron, a variety of safron isgrown; Chos are small streams in Punjab-these come down from hills and cause waterlogging in plains; Duars are terai regions ofBengal, Assam and Bhutan. Their economy isbased on 3 Ts- Tea, timber and Tourism.

Q.95 :d

Algorithm Trading is a tool to conducttransaction in stock exchanges, It usesmathematical codes and codes to make thetransactions on exchanges. The execution byusing this strategy is of very high speed,giving an added advantage to the traders.

Q.96 :a

The Quartet - composed of the United States,the European Union, Russia and the UnitedNations - came together in 2002 to explorenew options for Israeli-Palestinian peace. InApril 2003, the Quartet released its"Performance-based Roadmap to aPermanent Two-State Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Crisis." The Roadmap outlines athree-stage program leading to anindependent Palestinian state and a "finaland comprehensive settlement of the Israel-Palestine conflict" by 2005. But as a"performance-driven" process with noenforcement mechanism, the Roadmapdepended on the good faith of all sides andtheir voluntary compliance with obligationsunder the plan. The process reached adeadlock early in phase I and the plan wasnever implemented. India endorses thisroadmap as was emphasized by ourPresident recently on his visit to Israel.

Q.97 :c

Chota Nagpur region gets rainfall due to

Arabian Sea branch as well. The winds flowthrough the rift valley between Vindhyas &Satpura & cause rainfall over the plateau.Position of Equatorial jet stream alongeastern coast of Africa is one of the manyfactors that impact the distribution &intensity of Monsoon in India.

Q.98 :b

Second statement is wrong. Patkai Bum forms theinternational boundary between Arunachal Pradeshand Myanmar.

Q.99 :b

The Western Disturbance originate over theeast Mediterranean sea and travel eastwardacross West Asia.The moisture content of the WesternDisturbance gets augmented from theCaspian Sea in the north and Persian Gulf inthe south.The Western disturbance are highly regardedas beneficial for Rabi crops in North India.Hence only statement 1 and 2 are correct.

Q.100 :c

Kharai Camels- are an eco-tonal breed, asthey survive in a dry land ecosystem as wellas in a coastal ecosystem, and can easilyswim in deep sea.They are the only camelswho can swim and who have adapted to theextreme climate of Rann and shallow seasand high salinity.Gujarat(Rann of Kutch) isthe only home to this breed of camel. Theyfeed and digest on saline trees andshrubs.The growth of industrial activities inthe coastal areas of Kutch has minimized theavailability of camel food and water sources.Salinity has increased throughout the region.Thus, the socioeconomic condition of Kharaicamel breeders ( Maaldhari Community) inKutch is under threat. Hence, option (c) is thecorrect answer. Saltwater Crocodile-Thesaltwater crocodile is one of the threecrocodilians found in India, the other twobeing the more widespread, smaller muggercrocodile and the narrow-snouted, fish-eatinggharial. Apart from the eastern coast of Indiai.e. Bhitarnika Wildlife Sanctuary (Odisha) ,Sundarbans, they are also present within themangrove forests and other coastal areas ofthe Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Thesaltwater crocodile is extremely rare on theIndian subcontinent.The primary behaviourto distinguish the saltwater crocodile from



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other crocodiles is its tendency to occupysalt water. Though other crocodiles also havesalt glands that enable them to survive insaltwater, a trait which alligators do notpossess, most other species do not ventureout to sea except during extreme conditions.Saltwater crocodiles are agile predators.Dugong- is an endangered, herbivorous,marine mammal, also known as the Sea Cowand is the State Animal of the Andaman andNicobar Islands. The dugong is largelydependent on seagrass and fishes and otheracquatic vegetation for subsistence and isthus restricted to the coastal habitats whichsupport seagrass meadows, with the largestdugong concentrations typically occurring inwide, shallow, protected areas such as bays ,mangrove channels , the waters of largeinshore islands and inter-reefalwaters.Dugong is distributed in shallowtropical waters in Indo-Pacific Region. InIndia, Dugong is reported from Gulf of Kutch,Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay. Wild WaterBuffalo- also called Asian buffalo and Asiaticbuffalo, is a large bovine native to the IndianSubcontinent and Southeast Asia. It is listedas Endangered in the IUCN Red List since1986.The global population has beenestimated at 3,400 individuals, of which3,100 (91%) live in India, mostly inAssam.Wild water buffalos are both diurnaland nocturnal .They are probably grazers bypreference, feeding mainly on true grasseswhen available, such as scutch grass andsedges , but they also eat herbs, fruits, andbark, as well as browsing on trees andshrubs. They also feed on crops, includingrice , sugarcane , and jute , sometimescausing considerable damage.Some of thereasons for their habitat loss could be:habitat loss of floodplain areas due toconversion to agriculture and hydropowerdevelopment;degradation of wetlands due toinvasive species such as stem twiners andlianas ;diseases and parasites transmitted bydomestic livestock ; interspecific competitionfor food and water between wild buffalo anddomestic stock; tigers preying on adult wildwater buffalo, etc.



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GENERAL STUDIES Prelims Mock TEST No. 1768

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