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FOREST PEST CONDITONSIN CALIFORNIA-L}92

A Publication of the California Forest Pest Council

THE CALIFORNIA FOREST PEST COUNCIL

The California Forest Pest Council (formerly the Cdi-fornia Forest Pest Control Action Council) wasestablished in 1951. Membership is open to public andprivate forest managers, foreslers, silviculturists, ento-mologists, pathologists, zoologists, and othen interestedin the protection of forests from damage caused by ani-mals, disease, ins€cts, and weeds. The Council'sobjective is to establistr" maintain, and improve corlmu-nication among individuals.<ranagers, adminisEators,and researchers-who are concerned with these issues.This objective is accomplished by four actions:

1 Coordination of detection, reporting, andcompilation of pest damage information.

2. Evaluation ofpest conditions.

3. Pest control recommendations made to forcstmanagement agencies and landowners

4. Review ofpolicy, legal, and research aspects offorest pest control, and submission ofrecommendations thereon to appropriate authorities.

The California Board of Forestry recognizes the Coun-cil as an advisory body in forest pest protection. TheCouncil is a participating member in the Western ForestPest Committee of the Wesrcrn Forestry and Conserva-tion Association.

This report, FOREST PEST CONDITIONS INCALIFORNH - 1992, is compiled for public and pri-vate forest land managen 0o keep them informed of pestconditions on forested land in California, and as an his-torical record of pest trends and occurrences. The reportis based largely on information provided by foursources: (l) ttre sta&e-wide Cooperative Pest Survey, inwhich federal, state, and privale foresters ard land man-agers participate, (2) inforrration generated by ForestPest Management, Pacific Southwest Region, USDA-Forest Service, while making formal detection surveysand biological evaluations, (3) repora and surveys ofconditions on private lands provided by personnel of theCalifornia Depaffnent of Forestry and Fire hotection,and (a) surveys and detections of the California Depart-ment of Food and Agricultrue.

This report was edited, published and distributed bythe California Department of Forestry and Fire hotec-tion wilh the cooperation of the Council's StandingCommitrces.

Allen Robertson, Editor-in-Chief

Don Perkins, Editorial Committee Chairman

Jesse Rios, Publication

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FOREST PEST CONDITIONS IN CALIFORNIA. 1992

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Page

TIIE CALIF'ORNIA FOREST PEST COUNCIL

TABLE OF CONTENTS

STATUS AND CONTROL OF INSECTS

STATUS AND CONTROL OF DISEASE

STATUS AND CONTROL OF WEEDS

STATUS AND CONTROL OF ANIMAL PESTS

SURVEYS AND EVALUATIONS

FOREST PEST DETECTION REPORT FORM

COUNCIL AND COMMITTEE OFFICER^S

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STATUS AND CONTROL OF INSECTS

A REPORT TO TTIE CALIFORNIA FOREST PEST COT,'NCIL FROM TI{E INSECT COMMITTEE

JOHN DALE, CHAIRJEANETTE NEEDHAM, SECRETARY

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STATUS AND CONTROL OF INSECTS

WESIERN PINE EEETIE, Dendroctonusbrevlcomis.

North Coest Mortality of ponderosa pine was noted inscattered fees at the Baxter Ranch northeast of Ukiahand in large (25+) groups on Asa Bean Ridge, northeastof Covelo (both Mendocino County). The Hoberg area(southwest Trinity County) and Boggs Mountain (LakeCounty) had scattered mortality.

Northern. Ponderosa pine mortality caused by droughtand weslern pine beetle increased in 1992. Some lim-ited areas of moderate to heavy pine mortality occunedin the vicinity of Soldier and Saddle Mountains nearBurney (Shasta County), and just south of Day (Modocand Shasta Counties). Heavy mortality was observed onthe Mendocino National Forest near Sugarfoot Glade,and on the south-facing slope of Thomas Creek nearDevil's Basin, both in Tehama County. Heavy mortalitywas also noted along McAdam Creek, north of FortJones, and also along the I-5 corridor southwest ofYreka in Siskiyou County. Ponderosa pine mortalitywas evident by early spring in the Mud Flow ResearchNatural Area near McCloud, Siskiyou County. Bothdrought and blackstain root disease contributed to stresson the trees in the Mud Flow area. Small groups of oldgrowth ponderosa pine mortality, often mixed withsugar pine or Douglas-fir mortality, wene common ondry, side ridges along the Klamath and Scott Rivers,Siskiyou County. Scattered old growth ponderosa pinewere killed by drought, overstocking, and western pinebeetle west of Poison [:ke, Lassen County. Scatteredold growth ponderosa pines on Timber Mountain,Modoc County, were killed by western pine beetle.Therc is considerable ponderosa pine mortality on Tim-ber Mountain, but most of it is a result of direct mortal-ity from fre scorch, or attacks by mountain pine beetleor California flatheaded borer.

Sierra. Western pine beetle/drought related mortalitycontinued at above normal levels during 1992 through-out most of the lower to mid-elevation westside pineand mixed conifer stands. Mortality was noled as occur-ring in isolated, scattered, small group-kills (trees) andalso extensively within specific drainages. Mortality ofgroups ofvarying size was particularly heavy in theAmerican Camp and Ruby Hill areas (Miwok RangerDistrict) and in the Manuel Compartment (CalaverasRanger Disuict), Stanislaus National Forest; in the JoseBasin and around Oakhurst (Pineridge Ranger District),Sierra National Forest; and in the Colony Mill Ridgeand Milk Ranch areas in Sequoia-Kings Canyon Na-tional Parks. Mortality occurred extensively throughoutdrainages around McKenzie Ridge (Hume Lake RangerDistrict) and Breckenridge Mountain (CreenhornRanger District), Sequoia National Forest.

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Pine mortality in Yosemite National Park was reported0o have increased dramatically in 1992, and to be higherthan that which occurred during the drought of 1976-77.

Southem California. Tree mortality associated withthe western pine beetle and other pine feeding scolytidswas reduced compared to previous years. For example,1992 mortality on the San Jacinto Ranger District (SanBernardino National Forest) is estimated to be less than20% of mortality levels in the late 1980s, while on thePalomar Ranger District (Cleveland National ForesQmortality is only slightly less. The western pine beetlewas involved in the mortality of some fre injured pon-derosa pine on the 1200 acre Stockton Fire on the CajonRanger District (San Bernardino National Forest, SanBernardino County), and with a group-kill of stagnatingCoulter pine on the Tujunga Ranger District (AngelesNational Forest, Los Angeles County). Significant rain-fall occuned in March of 1991, and precipitation wasvery heavy in southern California in the winter of l99l-92. Favorable soil moisture levels and previous mortal-ity of many susceptible trees may be responsible for thelower mortality levels observed this season.

PINE ENGRAVER BEEILES, /ps spp.

North Coast As with the western pine beetle, pine en-graver activity was observed in scattered mortality ortopkill of ponderosa pine on the Baxter Ranch, and inlarge group kills on Asa Bean Ridge (MendocinoCounty). Several pockets ofknobcone pine on KonoctiMountain in Lake County were killed. Pine engraverscontinued to attack pitch canker-stressed Montereypines in Alameda County (Hayward) and Santa CruzCounty (several areas).

Northem. Ips mexicanus continued to kill oldknobcone pine located near Lake Siskiyou and onMcCloud Flats, Siskiyou County. Some ponderosa pinetops were killed by pine engraver beetles in the south-ern end of the Scott River Valley, Siskiyou County.There was a spot of mortality caused by lps pini nearBlacks Mountain Experimental Forest, Lassen County,which was associated with logging slash.lps para-confusus and to a lesser extent the western pine beetlewere responsible for ponderosa pine mortality near Hay-fork (Trinity County).

Sierra. Pine engraver activity was scattered throughoutmuch of the pine and mixed conifer types and continuedto be evident on the west side of the Sierra Nevada. At-tacks by pine engraver beetles were often noted in asso-ciation with western pine beetle in ponderosa pine.Several scattered pole-size ponderosa were killed bypine engravers in the Wire Conal area (CalaverasRanger District) on the Stanislaus National Forest.

Southerl California" Engraver beetles were abundantin slash on the San Bernardino National Forest (San Ber-nardino County), but topkill of nearby trees was not ob-served, perhaps because of the favorable growingconditions. A similar situation occurred on the Mt.

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Pinos Ranger District (Los Padres National Forest, KernCounty), where infested slash was not associated withsubsequent damage to living tees.However, Ips paraconfusrrs was associated with highmortality in a 20 acre, lGyear-old Coulter pine planta-tion growing off-site on Mount Palomar (Cleveland Na-tional Forest, San Diego County).Ips confusus continued to contribute to mortality ofsingleleafpinyon infected with black stain root diseasein the San Bernardino Mountains.

FIR ENGRAVER, Sco/yfus ventrcli&

North Coast Scattered mortality of white fr occurredin portions of Mendocino, Lake, and Humboldt Coun-ties. Incidence is much lower than in 1990 and l99l inlhe more coastal areas of the region.White fr mortality was higher than normal in the inte-rior, but still tended to be scattered. Extensive areas oftopkill and branch flagging were visible near the crestof the Coast Range in areas such as Cherry Lake andGovernment Flat along the Trinity-Tehama Countyboundary.Northern The most active bark beetle within the re-gion was the fir engraver beetle, which continued to beresponsible for extensive mortality of true flrrs on easts-ide sites from southern Lassen County to Lake Tatroewithin the established North Sierra Zone of Infestation(State of California). The most dramatic increase in truefir mortality, however, was documented during an aerialsurvey that included portions of Lassen, Modoc, Shastaand Siskiyou Counties. Lassen County in particular hasheavy mortality in the area from Blacks Mountain eastto Eagle Lake and south to Fredonyer Pass and Hamil-ton Mountain. Heavy fir mortality has been noted atFredonyer Pass on Highway 36. Mortality and top-killis visible from Highway M on many of the peaks in thewestern half of Lassen County such as Roop Mountain,Round Valley Butte, Bogard Butte, and Poison Butte.In Modoc County, mortality is heaviest in the southwestcorner of the county in the vicinity of Big Valley andJimmerson Mountains, although significant mortalityoccurs in true fir habitat elsewhere. Top-kill of white firis heavy in the Roney Flat-Higgins Flat area north ofAdin.Numerous white fir in a band between 4,000 and 5,000feet elevation on the south and east sides of Mt. Shastafaded and became visible from Interstate 5 and High-way 89 during the summer. White fir mortality is com-mon in the northwest and eastern portions of LassenVolcanic National Park, and also near the Tamaracktrailhead to the Thousand Lakes Wilderness. ShastaCounty.True fir mortality was visible from the air in the rainshadow areas along the eastern edge of the Russian Wil-derness and Marble Mountains Wilderness in westernSiskiyou County. A white fir stand located approxi-mately 5 miles northeast of Fort Jones had 19% of the

stand killed by 1991 fir engraver attacks, and an addi-tional5l% of the stand under attack during 1992.lneastern Siskiyou County, tue fu mortality is moderate0o locdly hea"y, particulady north and east of Pondosawhere fir engraver attacks made in l99l killed aboutone-third of the white fir in an area of about 85,000acres.Easeide forests have received very little precipitationduring the past two winlers, with the l99ll9Zwateryear being particularly poor. Since true fir mortality de-tected this spring and summer largely represents fir en-graver activity in 1991, it is reasonable to predict thattme fir mortality seen next spring will be even higher.True fir mortality in excess of 5O% is not uncommon onsome of the most heavily impacted sites.Sierra" True fir mortality associated with the fir en-graver appeared to remain at above normal levels in iso-lated areas in westside mixed conifer and true fir stands.Mortality was extensive on the Eldorado National For-est in the Echo Summit and Matulich areas (PlacervilleRanger District); Bell Mountain (Miwok Ranger Dis-trict), Stanislaus National Forest; Milk Ranch and Min-eral King areas in Sequoia-Kings Canyon NationalParks; and on Breckenridge Mountain (GreenhornRanger District), Sequoia National Forest. Extensiveareas of old and current fr mortality continue to be evi-dent tfuoughout the l-ake Tahoe Basin.As a result of engraver attacks during I 99 I , the fre-quency of top-kill was above normal on the Eldoradoand Stanislaus National Forests during the spring of1992. Topkill was scattered throughout the mixed coni-fer and true fir types.Fir mortality in Yosemite National Park was reported tohave increased dramatically in 1992, and to be higherthan that which occurred during the drought of 197677.Within the North Sierra Zone of Infestation a notable in-crease in true fir mortality was seen in the Dixie Val-ley/Frenchmen Lake area of south east Plumas County.Southem California" Mortality of whirc fir associatedwith this insect appears to have increased in the vicinityof Mt. Palomar (San Diego County).

RED TURPENTINE BEETTE, Dendrocfonus valeng

North Coasl Several Monterey pines with pitch cankerwere killed by red turpentine beetles in Santa Cruz andAlameda Counties. In addition, other drought-stressedMonterey pines throughout the region were killed bythis beetle. At least two dozen Monterey pines werekilled at the fairgrounds in Ukiah.

Northera. Much of the ponderosa and Jeffrey pine mor-tality seen in northern Califomia this year involvedheavy attacks by the red turpentine beetle. Even themortality of large saplings on the Hat Creek Plateau,which is commonly assumed to be caused by pine en-graver beetles, was actually a result ofattacks by red tur-pentine beetle and California flatheaded borer. It wascommon to find large trees completely girdled by tur-

p€ntine beetle from below the ground line on the majorroots, to as much as 10 feet above the ground. Some at-tacks produced only dry granular frass, rather than pitchtubes.

Sierra. Attacks by red turpentine beetle continued to becornmon on ponderosa pine, frequently in associationwith the western pine beetle. Attacks in pole-size pon-derosa pines wer€ corlmon in the Sawmill Mountainarea, Groveland Ranger District, Stanislaus NationalForest, and in the Jose Basin, Pineridge Ranger District,Sierra National Forest. The Sequoia National Forest re-ported considerable red turpentine beetle activity insugar pine.

MOUNTAfN PINE BEEILE, Dendroctonus pon-derosoe.

Northenr. Mortality varied by host tree species.Lodgepole pine mortality has been slowly increasingaround meadows on the Goosenest Ranger District,Klamath National Forest, for several years. Mountainpine beetle continues to kill lodgepole pine near Eilerand Barrett Lakes in the Thousand Lakes Wilderness,Shasta County. Some ponderosa pine on Timber Moun-tain in Modoc County has been attacked by mountainpine beetle. Several years of&ought, several years ofblack pineleafscale infestation, and a 1,400 acre fireduring the summer of 1992 have all contributed to themortality on Timber Mountain. The mountain pine bee-tle also caused mortality to some sugar pine infestedwith black pineleaf scale on Jimmerson Mountain(Modoc County). However, sugar pine mortalily usuallywas caused by drought and mountain pine beetle attacksand was widely scattered across northern California.Sierra. Mortality of sugar pine caused by mountainpine beetle appeared to decline throughout the westsideof the Sierra Nevada during 1992 when compared withthe last two years. Mortality occurring in individual andgroups of sugar pine was noted along Highway 168 toTamarack Ridge (Pineridge Ranger District), Sierra Na-tional Forest.

DOUGTAS-FIR BEETLE, Dendroctonuspseudotsugae.

North Coasl Attacks on scattered black stain infectedtrces occurred primarily in Jackson DemonstrationState Forest, Mendocino County. A build-up of beetlesin blowdown led to attacks of several trees in a two.acremixed conifer stand near Crannell, Humboldt County.

Northem" A few infested trees were found along CampCreek, below the Methodist Camp on the Mt. ShastaRanger District in Siskiyou County. Old age, and severedwarf mistletoe infesiation played major roles in thedeath of these trees. At least one tree was infested withDouglas-fir beetle in a summer home tract on the eastshore of [,ake Pillsbury, Mendocino National Forest.The infested tree was in a mixed group of dead and de-clining Douglas-fu and California black oak. The in-

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fested Douglas-fr had a mycelial fan of Armillaria rootdisease under the bark at the root crown.

JEFFREY PINE BEEIIE, Dendrocfonus jeffreyl.

Northem. Scattered old growth Jeffrey pines have beenkilled along Highway E9 in Shasta County, outside thelassen Volcanic National Park entrance, as well as in-side the Park from Manzanita l-ake to Upper KingsCreek Meadow. A Jeffrey pine beetle infestation nearthe Tamarack trailhead to the Thousand Lakes Wilder-ness has been killing trees for several yean. The oldgrowth Jeffrey pine overstory is beginning to becomedepleted. A few small groups of older Jeffrey pinesgrowing on lava flows near Pole Springs, LassenCounty, were killed, and a large group of old Jeffreypine was killed by Jeffrey pine beetle near the south endof Ashurst Lake, Lassen County. Numerous green at-tacked trees, as well as dead trees which had not fade4were detected in the same area in September of 1992.Severe drought and a dense underslory of white fir con-tributed to the mortality.

Sierrs. Above normal levels of Jeffrey pine mortalitywere reported from the California side of the LakeTahoe Basin, while some very heavy mortality has oc-curred on drier sites on the Nevada side.

SPRUCE BEET|E, Dendroctonus rufipenna.

North CoasL No further mortality pockets were notedin areas surrounding last year's group mortality nearPatrick's Point State Park in Humboldt County.

ROUNDHEADED FIR BORER, Tetroplum obletis

Northerrr. Red fir mortality caused by drought-stressand roundheaded fir borer infestation was common inLassen Volcanic National Park, Shasta County, and par-ticularly visible along Highway 89 inside the Park fromabout SummitLake to Emerald Lake. Red firmortalitycaused by roundheaded fir borer was low to moderateon the Goosenest Ranger District, Siskiyou County, inthe area between Chandler Glade and Ball Mountain.White fir mortality on the eastern part of the GoosenestRanger District, from about Blue Canyon to MedicineLake, was light, but many trees have incipient infesta-tions ofroundheaded fir borer.

Sierra. This woodborer was commonly found in associ-ation with the fir engraver in white fir mortality through-out the westside mixed conifer and true fir types.

FfR FLATHEADED BORER. Melonophilodrummondl.

North Coast Borers attacked hundreds of drought-stressed Douglas-firs and/or Douglas-firs infected withArmillaria or black stain disease in southwestern Trin-ity, southeastern Humboldt, and northeas0ern

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Mendocino Counties. Incidence appears comparable tolast year.Sierrs. This woodborer was commonly found in associ-ation with the firengraver in white fir mortality through-out the westside mixed conifer and true fir types.

DOUCLAS-FIR ENGRAVER, Sco/ftus unispinosus

North Coast Incidence of attacks is down region-widefrom previous years.

CATIFORNIA FIAIHEADED BORER,Melonophilo collfornlco

Northern" Drought stress has been severe enough innorthern California that most dead and dying pines haveevidence of infestation by Califomia flatheaded borer.California flatheaded borer was commonly encounteredin dying ponderosa pine which had been stressed by sev-eral years of black pineleaf scale infestation near the in-tersection of State Highways 299 and 89 in easternShasta County. California flatheaded borer was com-mon in several fresh slash piles being monitored for thedevelopment of lps pini broods on the Hat CreekRanger District, near the Shasta-kssen County line.Feeding by flatheaded borer larvae reduced the broodsuccess of Ips pini.

CEDAR BARK BEETIES, Phloeosinus spp,

North CoasL Both redwood and Port-Orford-cedarwere killed or topkilled following buildup of beetles inblowdown at the edge of a clearcut near Crannell, Hum-boldt County.

AMETHYST CEDAR BORER, Semonotusomethystinus

Northern. Amethyst cedar borer was common indead and dying Port-Orford-cedar on the eastside of the Sacramento River near Conant andSweetbriar, Shasta County. The trees were grow-ing in a thin layer of soil over bedrock adjacentto the river. Drought has apparently reduced theamount of soil moisture available lo some trees.Port-Orford-cedar root disease was not found inthe area

EUCALYPTUS LONGHORNED BORER, Pho-rocantho semipunctoto.

North Coasl A bluegum with characteristic gal-leries and pupal chambers was found along ArastraderoRoad in Palo Alto. This tree was located in a stand ofapproximately 100 dead and/or declining bluegums.Frost damage was a factor in the decline. This reportprobably is part of the infestation that has occurred thepast few years on the Stanford University campus. TheUniversity has removed and chipped many dead trees,

and has thinned overstocked areas to relieve stress onleave trees. Parasite release programs are planned forthe Stanford area.

ROOT COLIAR WEEVIL, Pissodes sp.

North Coast A few hundred Bishop pine saplings orsmall poles were killed in the Sprowel Creek area ofHumboldt County by a root collar weevil,likelyPissodes radiata and roundheaded borers (as yet uniden-tified).

CAtf FORNfA OAKMOTH, Phrygonidlocolifornico.

North Coasl Larval feeding continues to cause defolia-tion of coast live oak in a few locales in Santa CruzCounty. Flights of this insect were noted in the StanfordUnivenity arboretum (San Mateo County) and nearPiercy in Northern Mendocino County.

GYPSY MOII{, Lymontrlo dispor.

Catifornig. Detections in 1992 remained at low levels(Tables | &.2). One of the detections did occur at anral forest location Clable 2). Six specimens from vari-ous locations have been submitted for mtDNA analysis,which separales Asian gypsy moths from European(eastern North America) gypsy moths. In 1992, nomoths from anywhere in the United Stales has as yetbeen identified as the Asian strain.

TABLE 1. CALIFORNIA GYPSY MOTH SITUATION - 1992

Traps AdultsftopenieswthvbHeegg rnasJ Sites

Year Placed Trapped Counties pupalcases Treated

1984 30,000 251985 28,000 281986 27,000 201987 19,000 61988 20,000 131989 21,000 561990 21,000 24 8 0 11991 21,000 7 5 1 0199222 ,6M 'ggOOt. 4321traps placed for asian gypsy moth

9251032910511600

1420

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TABLE 2" LOCATION OF GYPSY MOTHSCAUGHT IN CALIFORNIA IN 1992

CountY LocatlonLos Angeles Lancaster (East 6th St.)Sacramento Sacramento fU" St.)San Diego Carlsbad (Redwing St.)San Francisco San Francisco (Dolores St.)San BernardinoSanta Barbara Lompoc (Hazelnut St.,

Vandenberg AFB)Santa Clara Campbell(McBain Ave.)Stanislaus Turlock (Montana Ave.)Tuolumne Sweetwater Campgrnd,

Stanislaus N.F.

bnpcox. tStahrs at the Beginning ofthe 1992 Survey Season."In 1991, approximately 15,445 traps were placed state-wide. Twenty-nine gypsy moths (including one Asiangypsy moth) were detected, all in western Oregon. Sixmoths were derccted on Elder Mountain near Cave Junc-tion (Josephine County). Five hundred and forty-twoacres were treated there in 1992.ln response to the sin-gle Asian gypsy moth detected in 1991, 8,4(X) acres inNorth Portland were also treated as part of a coopera-

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tive USDA-APHIS, USFS, and ODA eradication, exclu-sion and detection program. Both eradication programsconsisted of three applications of B.Lk (0.5ilaf24B.l.UJacre, Foray 488 rM) applied by helicopterand took place during April-May."1992 Gypsy Moth Survey Program. "Forty-sevengypsy moths have been detected at eight new and threeold sites in Oregon in 1992 (Table 3). All forty-scvengypsy moths detected in 1992 were submitted to theUSDA Otis Methods Development Center for wingmorphometric and DNA analysis to determine whetherthey are of the Asian or European strain. To dat€ dlgypsy moths submitted have been identified throughDNA analysis as the European strain. Two moths stillawait positive identification."

'No gypsy moths were detecrcd in or near the ElderMountain eradication arsa near Cave Junction (Jose-phine County). No moths were found at Sam's Valley(Jackson County) or Selma (Josephine County) in south-ern Oregon where two moths were found last year ateach site. Four other sites in the grcater Portland areawhere single detections were made in l9l were alsonegative in 1992. No gypsy moths were detected inLane County where over 19,000 gypsy moths were de-tected in l9M, resulting in the largest gypsy motheradication program in the western U.S. during 1985-1988."

TABLE 3. SUMMARY OF 1992 GYPSY MOTH DETECTIONS IN OREGON b

Trap DensltyCounty Glty/Area Slte Status # GM'r per mlle'

Benton Philomath New 18 1-2 (increased)Clackamass Lake Oswego Old 2 49 (increased)

SW Portland " Old z 49West Linn New 2 16 (increased)

Oregon Gity New 1 16 (increased)Clatsop Astoda New 1 16Lincoln SealRock New 1 1-2 (increased)Marion Aurora Old 3 49Multnomah Lewis & Clark Old 6 49 (increased)

CollegecSW Portland" Old i 49NE Portland New 1 16 (increased)Holbrook New 6 16

Washington Beaverton New 3 16 (increased)Statewldetotal 47b. Submitted by Alan D. Mudge, Oregon Department of Agriculture, 635 Capitol St. NE, Salem, OR 973IG0l10, November 6, 1991. Taken whole, or in part, from: Mudge, A. D. and Kathleen J.R. Johson. 1992. GypsyMoth Detection, Eradication, and Exclusion Programs in Oregon. Unnumbered report, Oregon Dept. Agr. 6 p.c Indicates detections are in the same general area.

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"At three sites where moths were found in l9l, four-teen moths were found again in 1992. Two moths werefound in adjacent traps in Lake Oswego (ClackamasCounty) where four moths were found in l9l; threemoths were found in Aurora (Marion County) wherefour moths were found in 1991; and nine moths werefound in southwest Portland where five moths werefound in 1991. The detections in Lake Oswego and Au-rora are virtually identical areas as those in l99l as areseven of the nine detections in southwest Portland. Theintensive trapping in all these areas in l992has helpedto delinearc affected areas and identify likely poins ofintroduction."

"Approximalely 12,844 gypsy moth traps were placedstatewide in 1992. Early detection of new introductionscontinues to be the main focus of the detection programin order to keep eradication programs as small as possi-ble. Traps were concentrated in western Oregon wheremost population centers and gypsy moth host materialare located. However, all cities and towns statewide areconsidered at risk and are trapped each year. The stan-dard detection trap density is l-4 traps per square mile.Special sites such as state and national parks, public andprivate campgrounds and RV parks are also trapped."

"Delimitation traps are placed at densities of 16-49traps per square mile for four or more square miles.They are placed to monitor sites where detections weremade the previous year and to monitor the success oferadication programs. Delimitation traps were alsoplaced as soon as possible following initial detections todelimit any new infestations the same year. A total ofapproximately 11,732 and l,l l2 delimitation traps wereplaced statewide in 1992;'Potcntial Eradication Programs in 1993. "Thirty-three detections this year arc likely to be the result ofnew introductions and not related to previous finds. Lit-erature distribution and information gather-ing regarding recent move-ins from thenortheastern U.S. and subsequent egg masssearching is underway at all detection sites.Eradication programs proposed for 1993would be based on the results of detectiondata and egg mass searching in those areas.The biological insecticide B.Lk applied byground or air has been used successfully inall eradication programs since 1984. Otherpilot eradication techniques such as sterileinsect release or application of NPV gypsymoth virus may also be considered on asite by site basis ifavailable for use inr993."Asian Gypsy Moth Eradication, Detec-tion and Exclusion Programs.'The detec-tion of Asian gypsy egg masses on shipsoriginating in eastern Russian ports and ofAsian gypsy moth adults for the first timein North America in l99l prompted a threepronged reaction to this potentially serious

pest: l) eradication ofall current infestations, 2) exten-sive detection surveys in areas exposed to Asian gypsymoth, and 3) exclusion/inspection of ships at risk oftransporting Asian gypsy moth. In Oregon these pro-grams were cooperative efforts by USDA-APHIS,USFS, and ODA."

'"The detection of a single adult Asian gypsy moth innorth Portland in l99l resulted in 8,4fl) acres in northPortland being treated by helicopter with three springapplications of B.tk, a biological insecticide. The erad-ication program was challenged in U.S. District Courton April l7 and 29,1992, by a citizens group "BugOff', tlte Northwest Environmental Defense Center, andthree citizens opposed !o the eradication program on thebasis ofalleged NEPA violations and concerns abouthuman health effects of B.Lk In both cases the motionfor an injunction was denied. The judge found no signif-icant health risks and enonnous potential for damage byAGM. The eradication program proceeded as planned."

"An extensive detection program consisting ofsixteentraps per square mile was establistrcd for twenty milesinland along the Columbia River from Astoria to Port-land, around the Ports of Portland and Coos Bay, andaround ttre l99l positive detection sites @gure l).Aeproximately 37,014 Asian gypsy moth traps wereplaced in Oregon in 1992. Forty-five of the 47 gypsymoths detected have been identified through DNA anal-ysis as European. Two moths still await positiveidentification. No gypsy moths were detected within theAsian gypsy moth eradication area in nor0r Portland in1992. Asian gypsy moth traps will remain in the fielduntil early next summer when they will be replacedwith a new trap for the 1993 survey season."

"Guidelines for identifying and inspecting ships at riskfor Asian gypsy moth that were developed by USDA-APHIS were i and remain in effect. These

FIGURE 1. THE GYPSY MOTH IN OREGON, 1992

fiii1fifl Asian Gypsy Moth Detecibn Trappingt'j,:j,:,iil (16 traps p€r square mile)

rlz Proposed Asian Gypsy l'loth Eradicatbn7ii Project: North Portland

r. Proposed North American Gypsy llothI Eradrcanion Pro.iea: Elrcer Ml.

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policies have reportedly been successful in deterringhigh-risk ships from entering U.S. ports as relativelyfew high-risk ships have entered North American portsthis year. Asian gypsy moth populations are also on thedecline in eastern Siberia port areas thus helping to re-duce the threat of new introductions. On Oclober 26,1991, an egg mass of an exotic Lymantriid speciesLymantriamathurs Moore was collected from a Rus-sian ship while docked in Portland, OR. L muhuraiswidely distibuted in Asia (Japan, Korea, Siberia,China, India) and is similar in appearance and habits toL dispar (L.). This is the first indication that speciesother than L dispar may be introduced via this route."

FRUffiREE TEAFROIIER, Archlps orgyrospila.

Southern Californis. Significant defoliation of Califor-nia black oak and some defoliation of coast live oakwas observed in the San Bernardino Mountains.

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TENI CATERPILLAR, Molocosomo sp.

Sierra" Tent caterpillar populations in Inyo and MonoCounties remained at low levels in 1992.

A CATIFORNIA SPRUCE BUDWORM,Chorlstoneura cornono colifornlco.

Northem" The last visible defoliation of Douglas-fir bythis budworm occurred in Trinity County in 1985.

DOUGTAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOIH, Orgyiopseudotsugota.

North end Sierra. T\e 1992 data from Douglas-fir tussock moth early warning system verified that popula-tions throughout California remained at low,non-damaging levels with the exception of three areasin the northern part of the stat€. Three plots located afew miles west of Goose Lake, Modoc County, hadabove normal levels of moths caught in ttrc traps. In ad-dition, single plots located near Fredonyer Pass, Lassen

TABLE 4. NT.JMBER OF DOUGLAS.TIR TUSSOCK MOTH PIIEROMONE DETECTION SURVEYPLOTS BY TRAP CATCH, I979TO 1992.

YeaT Total T NUMBER OF PLOTS W]TH AN AVERAGE MOTH CATCH PER TRAP OF:of Plotr

ll <10 ao e5 <90 <35 <40 <4s <so <s5 <60 <6s <70 <25 >751979 r02 97 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10f6 95% A" Plo ?/o 21980 99 99 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

100p6 100961981 93 78 10 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10096 U% 1096 40/" tA1982 9s 93 | 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

100e6 98/o 1o/" 1%1983 98 87 6 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10v/o 8,9p1h 6% 1% 1% yh

1984 111 51 18 11 5 7 I 4 g 4 0 0 0 0 0100Ph 460/0 160A 1e/" 4% 60/0 7'/" 4o/o 3o/o 4oh

1985 105 58 14 4 7 6 5 1 2 4 1 2 0 1 0100p/" 55% 1T/" 4oh 7o/o 60./0 5% loh P/o 4o/" 1% f/" 1%

1986 107 64 16 4 8 6 1 3 0 I 0 I 1 1 110096 60pA 15% 4oh 7o/o eh 1% g/" 1% 1% 1o/o 1% 1%

1987 108 80 15 4 2 1 1 3 0 1 0 0 | 0 0lOeA 74o/o 14% 4o/a ?/o 1o/o 1% 9/" 7o/o 1%

1988 124 10s I 3 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 010006 86% 7o/o T/o t/o fh f/o

1989 130 129 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0lo0o/o 99o/o 1o/o

1990 138 135 I 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 010e/o g7o/o 1"/o 1% 1o/o

1991 143 135 4 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0100% 94% T/" 1o/o 1"/o 1o/"

1992 159 151 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 I 0 0100% 95o/o 'lo/o 1o/o 1% 1% 1o/"

tPage 9

County and around Burney Mountain, Shasta County,had increases over last year's trap catch. Larval popula-tions in these areas will be monitored in the spring of193. Table 4 (above) gives the number of detection sur-vey plots by level of average moth catches for 1979 tot992.

MODOC BUDWORM, Chorlstoneurc retlnlona.

Northern. Populations of this budworm expanded unex-pectedly to epidemic levels in Modoc County in north-eastern California where 80,000 acres of white fr weredefoliated. About 26,000 acres were classified by aerialand ground surveys as heavily defoliated.

SEAUO|A PfTCH MOTH, Synonthedon Ues-pomima) sequolae.

North Coast This insect continues to be a pest of orna-mental Monlerey pine throughout the region. Many in-fested trees are attacked by the red turpentine beetle.

Southern Californir. A pitch mass borer similar to theSequoia pitch moth caused light damage on old growthJeffrey pine in San Bernardino County.

A GEIICHIID LEAF SKELETONIZER, Chionodestrichostolo.

Northern This leaf skeletonizer caused damage to blueoak in the northern Sacramento Valley (Shasta andTehama Counties) again this year at a level higher thanwas seen in 1991. The difference in damage betweenl99l and 1992 could very well be due to lale winter andearly spring weather conditions. This year's weatherwas relatively dry throughout larval development, whileMarch of l99l was exceptionally wet, potentially hav-ing a negative impact on early larval instan. The out-break started in 1990, the worst year for defoliation.

GRASSHOPPERS, Acrididoe,

Southern California. Grasshopper populations werehigh on the Cleveland National Forest (San DiegoCounty) and appeared to be in the early stage of out-break, thus higher populations are expected next year.Seedling Engelmann and coast live oaks were defoli-ated on the Palomar Ranger District. Most of these seed-lings appear to be recovering from the damage. Otherdamage was to range grasses, causing concern amonggraang permittees.

Significant populations were not observed this year inthe San Bernardino Mountains, the San Gabriel Moun-tains, and other areas observed in 1992.

FALI WEBWORM, Hyphontrlo cuneo.

North Coast Webbing and associated defoliation of Pa-cific madrone was observed in several areas of SantaCruz County, and to the north in Sonoma, Mendocino,

and Humboldt Counties. Some areas of Mt. Sanhedrin(L,ake County) are severely infested.Northenr. Webbing on Pacific madrone was commonalong the Klamath and Trinity River corridors, Siskiyouand Trinity Counties.

WH|IE FIR SAWFIY, Neodiprlon spp.

Nortbem. Elevated populations of white fir sawflieswerc observed in the CalPines suMivision, ModocCounty, and defoliation by white fr sawflies was visi-bly heavy in several areas in l,asscn County. The whitefir sawflies, Neodiprionnt. delconi and /V. aDleiu, arein outbreak at scattered locations between Eagle Lakeand Lake Almanor (I-assen and Plumas Counties).Heavy defoliation on private forest land also was re-ported near Roop Mountain and Big Merrill Flat. This isthe second year that defoliation was noted in the MerrillFlat area (Lassen County). Defoliation is more or lesslimited to the older foliage of sapling and pole-sizewhite fir trees, although the lower crowns of some ma-ture trees are noticeably defoliated in areas where popu-lations are high. The current year's growth remainslargely untouched. Defoliation was also visible onSwain Mountain Experimental Forest. All size classeswere fed upon, but defoliation was most severe on un-derstory trees. Drought conditions exist in outbreakareas and may, in combination with the defoliation, lead!o tree mortality, although this has not yet acurred.

Siernr. Defoliation was reported from a dense stand oftrue fr with scattered western white pine, DownievilleRanger District, Tahoe National Forest.

A MfNDARUS TWIC APHID, Mlndorus p.

Northem. Studies of suppression tcchniques applicablein beds of true fir seedlings were compleM at Placer-ville Nursery. An integrated pest management approach appears applicable for reducing and maintainingdamage to acceptable levels. A study of the growth andsurvival of outplanted seedlings with variable arnountsof feeding damage has progressed into its second year.Work continues on the exact identification of the aphid.

BTACK PINELEAF SCAI^E, Nucu/ospiscolifornlco.

North Coast This scale infesrcd sugar pine west ofLaytonville, Mendocino County (see Pine NeedleScale).

Northern" Black pineleaf scale continued to infest pon-derosa pine over an area of many sguare miles in the vi-cinities of Highway 299 and the Pittville Road, andHighways 299 and 89, Shasta County. Damage, in theform of shortened, yellowish needles, and poor needleretention, has worsened this year. Some ponderosa pinemortality from the western pine beetle was noted atboth locations, and mortality in these areas was higtrcrthan in similar uninfested areas. High populations of

I

this scale also caused defoliation of ponderosa pine onTimber Mountain (Modoc County).Black pineleaf scale infestations were also locallyheavy in sugar pine, for example near Pondosa (Sisk-iyou County) and on Jimmerson Mountain (ModocCounty). Some mortality from mountain pine beetle hasoccurred in association with these infestations. Al-though the scale is often most damaging in the uppercrown of sugar pine, numerous trees were noted onJimmerson Mountain with severe i nfestati ons/d:rmagethroughout their crowns.

Sugar pine to the south and west of Mt. Shasta, Sisk-iyou County, remained infested with black pineleafscale. Many sugar pine had little foliage in the uppercrowns due to defoliation caused by high scale popula-tions.

Page 10

A small number of sugar pine remain infested at theForesthill Seed Orchard, Tahoe National Forest. The in-festation is confined primarily to branches below 15feet, with few scales found above this height.

Sierra. Moderate to heavy black pineleaf scale infesta-tions on sugar pine were reported on the Eldorado andStanislaus National Forests, and on Summit l,evelRidge (Calaveras County). Poor needle retention andchlorotic foliage were attributed to increasing numberof the scales in the upper one-third of the crown ofmany trees.

A single homozygous rust resistant sugar pine tree onthe Pacific Ranger District (Eldorado National Forest)was treated with carbaryl insecticide during May of1992 to reduce the scale population level.

TABLE 5. LODGEPOLE NEEDLEMINER POPULATION DENSITY.TUOLUMNE MEN)OWS REGION, YOSEMTTE NATTONAL pARKd

Llve Needlemlners per 100 Tlpe - JulyPlot 1986 1988 1990 1992 06 Change, '90'92

UpperTenaya 16CathedralCr. W. 6CathedralCr. S. 28CathedralCr. E. 14May Lake 76Doug Lake 42West Lyell 2Kuna 6average 23.7

Budd Creek 24CathedralLake 43Dingley Creek 32Delaney Creek 30DanaMeadow 18average 27.6

Olmstead #1 66Olmstead #2 40Murphy Cr. W.S. 76LowerTenaya 2Mt. Hotfman 38Bear Pits 6averags 38.0

1 2464

66382

1 017.7

4201 0346

14.8

26638M1 6281 067.0

Lembert Dome 14 6Campground 4 6PlotG I 4Plot H 6 14Base Camp 4 14PlotA 6 IPIot O ND NDTenaya Beach 2 64Tenaya P.A. 28 42average 8.0 ll.s

308

1 26

216344

1 440.5

464

I624

28.4

4491 21 64

34I

87.O

32281810

122222I

32171 .5

221698u6

4636

406.0

6.7250.050.066.7

465.735.3

100.0128.6323.5

98 + 2350.068 + 6.216 + 100.048 - 22.612 + 200.048.4 + 70.4

++++

i+++

+++++++

394.6716.7112.550.03s.3

350.0366.7

6 1862414216

ND 308428

42 50116 10220.7 27j

+ 200.0- 66.7+ 250.0+ 700.0+ 100.0- 50.0+ 300.0+ 19.0- 12.1+ 30.9

d. Printed by permission of Resource Management, Yosemite National Park and Dr. Tom Koerber, EntomologicalServices, Berkeley, CA. Note: This survey has provided an annual record of quantitative data for approximateiythree decades.

ND None detected.

I

Page 1l

IODGEPOI"E N EEDIEMI N EP., Cole otechnifesmillerl.

Sierra. The 1992 survey of lodgepole needleminerpop-ulations in the Tuolumne Meadows Region of YosemiteNational Park indicated a sharply rising trend (fable 5).Warm dry weather during the reproductive phase of theneedleminer life cycle in the summer of l99l favoredsuccessful esiablishment of the new generation. A mildwinter allowed a high proportion of the newly estab-lished larvae to survive the winter.In most of the area covered by the survey the needlemi-ner population is still too low to cause visible defolia-tion. However, two plots, May Lake and Olmstead #1,have extremely high population densities. These are thewesternmost plots in the survey area and represent anarea comprised of Snow Flat and the surroundingslopes. The needleminer populations at these sites farexceed the number required to complelely defoliate thetrees and severe defoliation may occur by the end of thesummer of 1992. Adult needleminers spreading fromthe heavily infesrcd area should be expected to establishgreatly increased populations to the east and north-ward during the next flight period in 1993. Non-hostforest types to the west and south preclude spread inthose directions.

CONIFER APHIDS, Cinoro spp.

Northern" A team of scientists involved in an interna-tional effort to locate parasites ofthe cypress aphid,Cirwra cupressi, made collections in several loca-tions in California this year. Aphids were collectedfrom MacNab cypress, Cupressus macnabiana, inButte and Shasta Counties, and also from Baker cy-press in eastern Shasta County. The team also spenttime collecting aphids from Monterey cypress andMonterey pine in the San Francisco Bay Area.

SPRUCE APHID, Elotoblum obietinum.

North CoasL Continued attacks keep spruce foliagesparse on planted and native Sitka spruce alongcoastal Humboldt County. Damage is about the sameas 1991.

GOUIY P|TCH MIDGE, Cecidomylo pinnlotsis.

Northern" Tip flagging on ponderosa pine was veryevident in the Railroad Plantation near Hambone,Siskiyou County. This 3Gyear-old plantation has along history of infestation by the gouty pitch midge.Tip flagging caused by gouty pirch midge was alsocommon along the Edson Creek Road between theCoonrod Flat Road and Highway 89. Both plantedand natural ponderosa pine ranging in size from seed-lings to pole-size trees were infested. Drought stressmay have increased the number of tips which diedfrom infestation.

MATSUCOCCUS SCAIE, Motsucoccus sp.

North Coast A small number (12-14) of ponderosapine in and around Loch Lomond (Lake County) hadbranch flagging similar to that caused by this scale. Thehealth of these tre€s has been followed for the past fewyears, and none has been successfully attacked by barkbeetles.

P|NE NEEDTE SCALE, Chionospis pinifolioe.

North Coast Moderate populations of the pine needlescale, and lesser amounts of the black pineleaf scale,were infesting sugar pine west of L,aytonville, Men-docino County. Native predators, such as larvae andadults of the twice-stabbed lady beetle, Chilocorusbivulnerus, were well represented on the infested trees.

BIUE GUM PSYLLID, Ctenorytoino eucolyptl.

California. By May 31,1992, therc were nine newcounty rerords for the bluegum psyllid in California.

Dishibution of Bluegum Psyllidin California

o o fMrytl,199a

r Hntcountyroodo $becqrntcolhdoru

FIGURE 2. Distribution of the bluegum psyllid,Ctenarytaina eucalypti, in California, May 31, 1992. (Bypermission of Dr. Raymond J. Gill, editor, California PlantPest and Disease Report, a publication of the CaliforniaDepartment of Food and Agriculture.)

The psyllid was found for the first time at the L.A.Moran Reforestation Nursery in Davis. The present dis-tribution is given in Figure 2.

ASH WI{ITEFIY, Srphoninus phillyreoe.

Californio" The program ofreleasing parasites andpredators of this exotic whitefly appears to be gainingsuccess in the suppression of this new pest.

FORMOSAN TERMIIE, Coptotermesformognus.

Southern Crlifornlr This serious termite pest wasfound for the fint time at a California residence in theLa Mesa area, San Diego County. A visual survey onadjacent properties found Formosan termites in woodpiles and in live California pepper trees on three proper-ties. No Formosan termites were found in home struc-tures other than the initial site. Control treatments havebeen initiated and delimitation suryeys are in place (Cal-ifornia Plant Pest & Disease R"porq I l(l-2), 1992,p.4).

Page 12

RED fMPORTED FIRE ANT, Solenopsis lnvlcto.

Southerr Cdifornie. Collections of this serious antpest have been made in nursery situations in Riversideand San Diego Counties. Eradication and further investi-gation are in progress (Califomia Plant Pest & DiseaseReport, ll(1-2), 1992, p. l0).

AFRICANIZED HONEY BEE, Apls melliferoscutellota.

Southern Cdifornir. The northward movement of poFulations have now brought this bee close to the Califor-nia-Mexico border. Nine counties in Texas havereported infestations. Officials of the African Bee Pre.gram in Mexico report the first fatality in northernTamaulipas near the town of Valle Hermoso, about 50miles south of Brownsville, TX (California Plant Pest &Disease Report, I l(l-2), 1992,p.l4).

TABLE 6. INSECTS OF LESSER IMPORTANCE IN CALIFORNIA. 1992

INSECTSSclentlflc Name Common Name Host

WHERE EXAMINED OR REPORTEDCounty Remarks

Agromyzidae leafminerfly

BO Mendocino This is the fourth consecutiveyear of galls on black oaksn€ar Ukiah.

Altica ambiens Alderflea beetle Trinity Route 299lrom BuckhomSummit west to Weaverville.

Tulare Defoliated alder in lowerP--"ppgmi1j c3mpgpund,

Alfi'ca sp. A fleabeetle

unknown Riverside,San Diego

Very heavy flights of metallicgreen or blue-green lleabeetles were observed inldyllwild and CuyamacaRancho State Park.

Andricuscrystallinus

Crystallinegallwasp

LO Nevada Limited number of hosts.

Cryphalussp. Douglas-firtwig beetle

DF Sonoma A lew densely grown treesin nodhwest Sonoma Countyhad scattered branchmortality caused bythis beetle.

Cylindrompturustumissi

Douglas-firtwig weevil

DF Siskiyou In branches of plantation treesin blackstain root diseasecenters, Salmon River R.D.

Dioryctriasp. SPA pyralidmoth

Shasta &Siskiyou

Boring in blister rust cankerson plantation seedlings.

Eiophyesspg. AS MonoA Eriophyidgallmaker

Affected severalaspentrees on the Mono LakeRanger District, Inyo NF.

Pago 13

INSECTS

TABLE 6. (cont.)

WHERE EHMINED OR REPORTEDSclentlflc Namc Common Namc Host County Remarks

Halisodota Silverspotled DF Trinity Scattered defoliation of indi-argentata tiger moth vidual branches, Hayfork and

Weaverville Ranger Districts.

H. argentata WF Siskiyou Top branches of white fir.

Hylastes nigrtnus BP Humboldt Found in the SprowelGreekarea.

Hylurgops porosus BP Humboldt Found in the SprowelCreekarea.

Neodiprionsg. Pine sawfly JP Siskiyou Apparently the second year ofdefoliation on large saplings ina plantation near th€ EverettMemorial Highway.

MP Humboldt Eight 15- to 2O-year-old pineswere defoliated in the ClarksButte area.

Pityophthorussg atwig JP Venturabeetfe

Slight damage to saplings ina plantation on Frazier Mtn.

Susana cupressi Cypress sawfly CM Butte On foliage; no visibledefoliation.

Caused leaves to curl and dieon two ash trees at the Kem-ville Ranger Station.

Unknown Roundheaded BP Humboldt lnfested bolts in rearing.borer Associated with rcot weevlls.

Unknown Spider mites CW, WL Yolo L.A. Moran Reforestation Center.

Tropidosteptes Ash plant FV Kemsp. bug

HOST ABBREVIATIONS

AS = AspenBP = Bishop pine

CW=CottonwoodFY = Modesto ashLO = Live oakSP = Sugar pineWF= White fir

BO = Black oakCM = MacNab cypressDF = Douglas-firJP = Jeffrey pine

MP= Mont€rey pineWA = White alderWL = Willow spp.

I

STATUS AND CONTROL OF DISEASE

A REPORT TO TI{E CALIFORNIA FOREST PEST COUNCIL FROM TI{E DISEASE COMMITTEE

JESS RIOS, CHAIRJACK MARSHALL. SECRETARY

Pago 15

STATUS AND CONTROL OF DISEASES

ABIOTIC DISEASES

Drought Moisture stess brought on by drought hascontinued to be a primary cause of tree mortalitythroughout California. I*vels of mortality are higher inmost ar€as, with all tree species being affecM to someextent. Whirc fn mortality has been especially severe inthe eastside pine and mixed conifer sites of northeasternCalifornia and in stands around Mt. Shasta. Mortality ofsugar pine throughout northern California has also beenhigh.

The drought induced moisture stress has caused thedecline ofcoast redwoods growing on shallow and/orwell-drained soils in interior redwood fringe areas inMendocino County. Needles are extremely shortenedand have been for the past few years on the interior sitetrees; however, this year ttte trees have taken on a redappearance when viewed from a distance. The needlesare mottled with a necrotic speckling, but no bioticagents s€em to be associated with the pattern.

Hardwoods are also being affected by the moisturestress. Many dead tanoak and chinquapin were ob'served in the Bluff Creek Drainage of the OrleansRanger District, Six Rivers National Forest (HumboldtCounty). Armillarbmycelial fans were prcsent underthe bark ofthe dead trees, but were considered to besecondary. Disrict personnel have also noted high mor-tality levels in willows throughout the district andattibute it to the combined effects of moisture stressandArmillario-

Scatterpd branch dieback was noted on numerouscanyon live oaks (Quercus chrysolepis) near JunctionCity (Irinity County), including a tree that at one timewas thought to be the largest canyon live oak in exist-ence. The injury is likely due to lack of water, althoughthe anthracnose fungus Gleosporium quercinus was iso-lated from some of the twigs.

Dieback of manzanita (largely Arcnsnphybsvkscida) is occurring at scattered locations west of Red-ding and into the Whiskeytown National RecreationArea (Shasta County). Most plans show a partialdieback starting with foliage at the top and movingdownward. Moisture stress is presumed to be theprimary cause, although infection by the canker fungusBotryosplrccria sp. is also a contributing factor.Temperature Extremes. Winter desiccation is beingblamed for top kill on hundreds of ponderosa pine see-dlings in plantations on the Goosenest Ranger District,Klamath National Forest (Siskiyou County) and Mt.Shasta Ranger Disrict, Shasta-Trinity National Forests(Siskiyou County). The desiccation was a result of lowsnow pack along with drying winds during the winter oft99r-92.

Rising soil temperatures due to geothermal activitymay explain damage observed at two different locationstotaling 40 acres on the Mammoth Ranger Distric! Inyo

National Forest (Mono County). Severe needle loss andmortality first appeared in 1989 on lodgepole pine, redfir, weslern white pine, and mountain hemlock. Nopathogens or insects were found that would explain theappearance of identical symptoms on four different con-ifer species. It is speculated that a higher soiltemperature is damaging the roots of these species.

FOUAGE DISEASES

Needle Cssts. Spring rains in northern California in1991 produced conditions conducive to a moderatelevef of foliage diseases. A low level of Rhabdoclincweirii occurred on Douglas-fir saplings and poles alongthe road to Castle Lake on th€ Mt. Shasta Ranger Dis-trict, Shasta-Trinity National Forests (Siskiyou County).

Sugar pine needle cast (Loploodermella arcuata\ waswidespread on sugar pine over several hundred acres ofprivate mixed conifer forest north of l-atour Stale Forest(Shasta County). Sugar pine needle cast was alsowidespread throughout the crowns of all size classes ofwestern white pine north and west of Castle Crags andalong the upper Sacramento River (Shasta and SiskiyouCounties). Sugar pine needle cast has not previouslybeen reported on western white pine in California (seeDiseases of Pacific Coast Conifers, 1978).

Naenacyclus infections on Monterey pine appear 0ohave decrcased along coastal Mendocino County whereinfections occurred last year.

Other. Sycamore anthracnose (Apio gtronnnia veneta)was observed on California sycamore in a stand ofsycamor€ and valley oak near the Red Bluff DiversionDam (Tehama County), and on black oak in Butle Coun-ty. LJte spring rains may have been responsible for in-cidence of anthracnose on black oak between Ukiah andBoonville, Mendocino County. Two fungi recoveredwere Cylindrospoium sp. and Apiognomonia sp.

Several big leaf maples near Piercy and Highway l0l(Mendocino County) were infected with the speckledtar spot fungus, Rhytisnra puntatum.

NURSERY DISEASES

Seedlings grown at the Humboldt Nunery (HumboldtCounty) were injured or killed by a number of diseases.Fusaium spp. killed red and white fir that were plantedinto unfumigated ground. Phona was also isolated fromdeclining seedlings and contributed to this loss ofhundreds of thousands of seedlings.

l-l Douglas-fir transplants had stunted, chlorotic topsand poor root systems after transplanting. Extremelyhigh levels of Pythiumwere found on seedling roots.The decline was brought on by prolonged storage withexcess soil packed with the roots. Twenty percent of thetransplants died but 80% recovered and returned togood health.

Gray mold (Botrytis sp.) caused mortality and diebackof giant sequoia, and redwood, and loss of lower need-

I

les in Douglas-fir. Trials were done this year to deter-mine efficacy of fungicidal alternatives to Benlate forgray mold control. The ornamental label for Benlatewas withdrawn by DuPont in September, 1991.

Cedar leaf blight, caused by Didymascella(Keithia)thujirc,caused shotholing and defoliation on westernred cedar seedlings at levels greater than 199 l.

Humboldt is expanding its product line with moredeciduous trees and seedlings which are hosting morebroadleaf pests. Powdery mildew was severe on big leafmaple seedlings. Alder seedlings were infected withSeptoria leaf spot (Septoria elnifolia) and a rust. TheSeptoria infection caused some stunting, mortality andleaf spotting. The rust caused plants to lose their leavesapproximately one month earlier than usual. Surround-ing alder trees in the nursery vicinity were also infectedwith the rust.

At the Chico Tree Improvement Center (Butte Coun-ty) approximately 400 3-yr-old sugar pine being grownin 3-gallon containers died due to Fusarium root disease.

At Magalia Nursery (Butte County), losses toFusaium in red and white fir and sugar pine ranged be-tween I and 3 percent; there were no substantial lossesin other species. Charcoal root rot (Macrophomirnplwseoli) caused about a 5 percent loss ofgiant sequoiaseedlings.

At the Ben Lomond Nursery (Santa Cruz County),Phytophthora caused losses of about 5 percent inDouglas-fir bed areas with poor drainage. Sugar pineseed were eaten by various bird species even though net-ting and scare tactics were employed. Hypocotyl rot,mostly due to Fnsarf umorysporurz, accounted for mor-tality of 2G3O% of l-O sugar pine, red fir, and white firseedlings at the nursery.

ROOT DFEASES

Annosus Root Disease. Annosus root disease, causedby Heterobasidionannosurn, was killing ponderosa andJeffrey pine seedlings in several plantations on the ScottRiver Ranger District, Klamath National Forest (Sis-kiyou County). The stands had been harvested about l0years ago and planted in 1983 or 1984. Relatively lowlevels of the disease were also reported on the MilfordRanger District, Plumas National Forest (Plumas Coun-ty). The disease remains of concern in the eastside pinetype stands.

Black Stain Root Disease. Black stain root disease(Izptographium wageneri) was again commonlyreported in many areas of northern California in planta-tions and natural stands of Douglas-fir. It was identifiedin a plantation on the Gasquet Ranger District, SixRivers National Forest (Del Norte County) that hadbeen precommercially thinned in 1983. The fungus wasalso killing Douglas-fir in a plantation on the SalmonRiver Ranger District" Klamath National Forest nearChina Gulch (Siskiyou County). Black stain root dis-e:rs€ was identified in older stands on the Gasquet and

Page 16

Orleans Ranger Districts, Six Rivers National Forest(Del Norte and Humboldt Counties). The stand on theGasquet District had been commercially thinned in1982 by traclor and yarder. Various stages of crowndecline were apparent. The stand on the Orleans RangerDistrict was second growth Douglas-fir that regeneratedfollowing a fre and had not previously been entered.Both stands are about 70 years old. A pocket ofthree in-fected Douglas-fir was also noted in Boggs MountainDemonstration State Forest (Lake County) in an areawhere the disease had not previously been recorded.

A ponderosa pine seedling was found to have blackstain root disease on the McCloud Ranger District, Shas-ta-Trinity National Forests on McCloud Flats (SiskiyonCounty). The seedling was near a ponderosa pinestump. It was not possible to determine if the harvestedtree had been infected before being felled. The funguswas active in surrounding stands. Several black staincenters were observed in ponderosa pine stands nearDeadwood Conservation Camp (Siskiyou County) onthe Scott River Ranger District, Klamath NationalForest. A high incidence of black stain root disease onponderosa pine was associated with unusual soil distur-bance on portions of the Stateline Sale, Devils GardenRanger District, Modoc National Forest (Modoc Coun-ty). The disease was observed at s€veral new locationson the Big Valley Ranger District, Modoc NationalForest (Modoc and Lassen Counties).

Armillarir Root Diseasc . Amill4ria sp. causeddecline and mortality of Douglas-fir in a summerhometract and nearby bald eagle management area on theeast side of Lake Pillsbury, Mendocino National Forest(Lake County). Examination of the rootcolhrs of thesetrees revealed necrosis and resinosis along withmycelial fans of the fungus. California black oakstumps or dead trees were usually also present withinOrcse centers. Armillaria root disease was also found inconjunction with scattered tanoah mortalily in Men-docino County.

Port-Orford-Cedar Root Disesse. The range of Port-Orford-cedar root disease (Phynphtlnra bteralis) dtdnot expand significantly in the past year. It remainslimited to the Smith River Drainage in northwesternCalifornia.

Other. Extensive heart and root rot of coast live oakQuercus agifo&c, was observed at Oak Flat and BluePoint Campgrounds on the Ojai Ranger District, LosPadres National Forest (Ventura County). Ionotusdryadcus and I. andcrsonii were tentatively identifiedfrom samples collected.

CANKER DISEASES

Pitch Canker. Pirch canker, caused by Fusarium srzD,-glutirwns, continues to flag Monterey pine in both SantaCruz and Alameda Counties. Some of the moderately toheavily infected bees have been killed by pine engraverbeetle and/or red turpentine beetles. A resurvey ofthe

Page 17

diseasc was undertaken tbroughout California 0o see iflocations of known infestation had expanded. Exten-sions of several miles from known infestations werefound in Oakland and Alameda. Pitch canker was con-fimred for the first time from Marina and Ft. Ord(Monterey County), in new locations (near Highway 1)in Monterey, and along Highway I a mile or two northof the previously known infections in the city of SantaCnrz. The infestation in Santa Barbara has sprcad out ashort distance from the area of infestation found in1989. The disease has increased in severity in theChristrras tee farm in Torrance that was found m be in-fested in 1988. A Christmas Eee farm I mile away wassurveyed without finding pirch canker. The south coastbetween Los Angeles and San Diego was surveyed forpirch canker; no diseases ofany kind were found.

Other. A shoot dieback on sugar pine and westernwhite pine was common throughout northern Califor-nia Dieback was noted on sugarpine on the Weaver-ville Ranger District, Shasta-Trinity National ForestsCfrinity County).Isolations from the margin of diebackon twigs of western white pine growing near CastleLake (Siskiyou County) yielded at least four uniden-tified fungi. Isolations from the shoots of western whitcpine growing near Tamarack Lake (Shasta County)yielded Epiccocumsp. and another unidentified fungus.Dieback was freguently associated with insect damageor other wounds, but was also observed on twigs thatdid not appear wounded. The fungi isolated do not fitthe descriptions ofany known palhogens ofS-needledpines, and are presumed tro be opportunistic agents in-volved due to the extreme stress ofsix years ofdrought.

Cypress canker, caused by Se ridium cardirak, **msto have intensified during the drought perid in manydryland ornamental Monterey cypress in MendocinoCounty.

Branch and stem infections, caused by Botryos-pfucria ribis, continued to kill branches and tops ofgiant sequoia planted at low elevation dry sites. Infec-tions have been noted in Napa Sonoma, Mendocino,and Humboldt Counties.

Branch mortality of a few Douglas-fir near RedwoodValley, Mendocino County, was caused by Phontopsisbkoyac.

Madrone canker, caused by Fusicoccum sp., seems tobe very prevalent in most counties in the north coastalarga.

MISTLETOES

Dwarf mistletoes remain widespread, but their distribu-tions have not changed significantly in recent years.Their effect on Eees, however, has changed as thedrought continues. This is especially true of white firdwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium fuietinum f .sp. con-coloris) in northern California, which is commonly as-sociated with branch flagging and tree mortality causedby the fir engraver beetle, Sc olytus v entralis.

Douglas- fr dwarf mistletoe (Arc e utlnb ium fu u g bs i i)was reported on Douglas-fir near Crater Creek (Sis-kiyou County) and along the Deer Lick Springs Road(Trinity County).

Western dwarf rnistletoe, Arceutlnbium cam-pybpodum, continues to be ofconcern on ponderosapine at Boggs Mountain Demonstration State Forest(I-ake County) and on private property near Kettenpom(Trinity County).

RUST DISEASES

White Plne Blis&r Rust. Low levels of blist€r rust,Crotwrtiumribicola, were observed on ROes sp.throughout northern California early in the season, butdue to the dry conditions, levels did not build up duringthe summer. [n the north coastal area, the diseaseremains static on sugar pine in the area of Mt. San-hedrin (Lake County). Two pole-sized trees were killedabout 10 miles northeast of Anchor Bay (southwesternMendocino County). Evaluation of progeny test sitesand other plantations on the Klamath, Plumas, Tahoe,and Eldorado National Forests indicated a high in-cidence of 1989 infection. Cankers had developed andin many cases pycnia and aecia had been produced. Inthe Central Siena, newly flagged branches with blisterrust infections dated to 1988 and 1989 were found.Severity of disease occurrence in Mountain HomeDemonstration State Forest (Tulare County) wasmasked by the severe losses of sugar pine to mountainpine beetle.

Spraying of blister rust resistant tees with carbarylcontinued in 1992 on Moun[ain Home and l-atour (Shas-ta County) Demonstration State Forests and on theMendocino, Stanislaus, and Tahoe National Forests.170 resistant and candidate resistant trees were treatedon each of Ore State Forests, with trees on MountainHome DSF receiving two sprays and thosc on l:tourDSF one. Nine resistant trees on the Mendocino, 33 onthe Stanislaus, and 15 on the Tahoe National Forestwere sprayed. Surrounding Eees were also sprayed. Inaddition, surrounding trees on the Mendocino werethinned, and deep watering was administered to eachresistant tree. To date all treated trees on state andfederal lands are alive.

Rust-Resisrant Sugar Pine Screening Program

Workers screening for major gene resistance (MGR) of128,000 seedlings from 1350 candidate sugar pine selec-tions identified 96 new rust resistant parents in l99l-92.Seventy-four resistant trees are on the Eldorado (7),Plumas (27), Sequoia (12), Sierra (14), Stanislaus (l),Tahoe (3), Klamath (l), Lassen (8), and Six Rivers (l)National Forests. Twenty-two are on stat€ and privatelands. 800 families are scheduled for MGR screening int992-93.

9600 seedlings from 205 non-MGR families from thenorthern province were inoculated during November [oscreen for slow rust resistance. After inoculation the see-

I

dlings will be tansplanted to a S-acre site near Placer-ville along Highway 50. In addition, there are now14,132 MGR seedlings at Happy Camp to be screenedfor slow rust resistance. Seedlings transplanted in 1986and 1987 were inspected in April.Westem GaIl Rust. Western gall rust, caused by En-docronartium lurknessii, continues to cause branchmortality and stem cankers in several pine species. Thedisease has caused increased branch flagging of Bishoppine and Monlerey pine along northern Sonoma andsouthern Mendocino Countv coastlines.

DUTCH ELM DISEASE

In 1992, Dutch elm disease, Ceratocystis ulmi (DED),was found to have spread within, between, and outsideofareas where it had been previously found. Sacramen-to had five new DED sites, and the disease appeared inSolano County (Vallejo) for the frst time in six years(Table 7). New sites in outlying areas include Sacramen-to, Rio Linda, Vallejo, Marinwood, eastern Concord,and southeastern Oakland. As of October 15,1992,288elm trees from nine counties in California were con-firmed for the disease. This is the highest number of

Page 18

positive trees since 1985, and the second highest inproject history.

The record number of positive disease identificationsin 1985 was largely accounted for by confirmation of65 trees on a single street in Larkspur (Marin County).The last two years' high totals are not as easily ex-plained, but may be related to budget reductions in 1988and 1992 which resulted in long delays in diseased treeremovals, elimination of disease-exposed tree removed,reduced frequency and extent of survey, elimination ofelm wood pick up, and sampling of only the mostsymptomatic elms.

1992 budget cuts led to suspension of CaliforniaDepartment of Forestry and Fire hotection Forest PestManagement Program operations in nine Bay Areacounties on September 25. The Sacramento field officeand the Santa Rosa field office and diagnosticlaboratory will remain in operation; however, the PaloAlto and San Ramon (Bollinger Canyon) offices havebeen closed. Remaining staff will be available on alimited basis to provide information, sampling, andfield and laboratory diagnosis of pest problems.

TABLE 7. NUMBER OFTREES CONFIRMED WITH DUTCH ELM DISEASE 8

couNw 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992

Afameda 0 11 7 3 3

Contra Costa 21 30 35 35 U

Marin 154 125 83 91

3

0

0

44

41

1

Sonoma 28 14

Totals 302 269

Napa 2

Sacramento 0

San Francisco 0

San Mateo 63

Santa Clara U

Solano 0

2

0

0

47

20

0

82

5

0

0

48

32

0

9

0

0

70

35

0

23

38

46

4

10

0

60

51

0

28

29

56

7

7

0

108

u0

20

299

26

23

62

3

24

0

95

29

8

18

288

16 ' , t z36210 255 207 238

a. The total for 1992 is as of October 15, 1992. All other totals are for the calendar year.

t

Paga 19

TABLE 8. FOREST DISEASES REPORTED. 1992 b

ABTOTTC TNJURIESDrought Allspecies

Cold temperature iniury DF, SP, PP Nevada, Siskiyou

BACTERIAL OISEASESBacterialGall

CANKER DISEASESBotryosphaeria ribis Napa, Sonoma,

Mendocino, Humboldt

Fusarium subglutinans Alameda, Los Angeles, MontereySanta Bafuara, Santa Cruz

Epicoccumsp.

Fusicoccumsp. North coastalcounties

Phomopsis lokoyae Mendocino

Seridium cardinale Mendocino

FOLIAGE DISEASESApiognomonia veneta Tehama

Cylindrosporiumsp. BO Mendocino

Elytrodermadeformans PP, JP

Gleosporium quercinus Trinity

Lophodarmella arcuata SP

Shasta, Siskiyou

Naemacyclus Mendocino

Rhabdocline weirii

Rhytisma puntatum Mendocino

NURSERY DISEASESBotrytis sp.

Fusariumsp. WF, RF

WF, RF, SP

Macrophomina phaseoli

Phomasp.

Phytophthonsp.

BF, DF

Santa Cruz

- I

Page 20

TABLE 8. Forest Diseases (cont.)

AGENT HOST COUNTY

PARASITIC PLANTSArceuthobium douglasii DF Siskiyou, Trinity

Arceuthobiumcampylopodum PP Lake, Trinity

Arceuthobium abietinum DF, WF Northern Calilornia

ROOT DISEASESArmillariasp. CH, TO, WW Humboldt

DF Lake

TO Mendocino

Heterobasidion annosum DF, lC, JP Plumas

JP, PP Siskiyou

lonotus andersonii

l. dryadeus QA Ventura

Leptographium wageneri DF Del Norte, Humboldt, Lake,Modoc,Siskiyou

JP, PP Lassen, Siskiyou

Phytophthon lateralis POC DelNorte

RUST DISEASESCronartium ribicola SP Kern, Lake, Mendocino,Sequoia,

Shasta, Trininty

Endocronartium harknessii BP, MP Sonoma, Mendocino

b. Not a complete listing for all locations reported, nor for reports of common diseases.

HOST ABBREVIATIONSBO = Black OakCH = ChinquapinGS = Giant sequoiaJP = Jeffrey pineMC = Monterey cypressMP = Monterey pinePP = Ponderosa pine

QA = Coast live oakRF= Red firTO = Tan oakWW= Weeping willow

BP = Bishop pineDF = Douglas-firIC = Incense-cedarMA = Pacific madroneMM = MaplePOC = Port-Orford-cedarPR = California Sycamore

QC = Canyon live oakSP = Sugar pineWF = White hrWWP= Western white pine

STATUS AND CONTROL OF WEEDS

A Report to the California Forest Pest council from the weed committee

GLENN LUNAK, CHAIRDAVID BAKKE. SECRETARY

STATUS AND CONTROL OF WEEDS

Intensive forest management is based upon thepresumption that factors negatively influencing growthand survival of crop trees :ue conuolled or managed tominimize their effects. Towards that aim, control ofcompeting vegetation is a critical part of successfulforest management, especially in a Mediterraneanclimate such as is found in California.

As the public looks towards some form of uneven-aged forest management as the answer to real orperceived problems, there is often the thought ex-pressed that such management methods wouldeliminate the need for intensive vegetation control. Ashas been demonstrated at Blodgett Forest and else-where, this is certainly not the case; competingvegetation would still be a problem in dealing with sur-vival and growth of either planted or natural coniferregeneration undcr any type ofintensive forest manag-ment.

As was stated at the annual meeting of the Council,the stal.us of forest weeds can be described as follows:they have been a problem, they are a problem, they willcontinue to be a problem, as long as intensive timbermanagement is practiced.

The IAOVo pesticide-use reporting requirements by theCalifornia Environmental Protection Agency make itimpossible to present timely information in this report.As of mid-December, the report of statewide pesticideuse for l99l was not yet comple0e. Table 9 is based onpreliminary data received from the data processingbranch of the Pesticide Reporting Unit of Cal EPA.This table shows the herbicides used on all forest landsin the state in 1991, not by acres but rather by poundsof active ingredient applied.

On private forest lands in the state, herbicides con-tinue to be the primary means of controlling competing

Page 2

vegetation. The values in Table 9 reflect a level of her-bicide use comparable to that of 1990. Hexazinone andTriclopyr continue to be the herbicides used most oftenthroughout the state on forest lands.

On the national forests, mechanical methods for treat-ing competing vegetation continue to be used more thanherbicides. On the national forests from l0/l/91 through9l3ol92 (the reporting period for the Forest Service),56,680 acres of conifer plantation had some type ofrelease txeatment; of this total, only 9,344 acres weretreated with herbicides. This represents about 15% ofthe total work. However, this also represents an her-bicide program on six national forests in California, ascompared to only one forest with an herbicide programin 1991. Table l0liss total herbicide use on the nat"ion-al forests in California during the FY 1992 reportingp€rid.

Table 9. Herbicides applied on For.estlands in California in1991.

Herbicide lbs a.l. Applied # of Applications

Atrazine 412lbs 74Glyphosate 6,840lbs 165Hexazinone 20,260lbs 14OTriclopyr 18,854lbs 2712,4-D 9,184lbs '120

Table 10. Herbicides Applied on National Forestlands inCalifornia in 1992.

Herblcide lbs a.l. applied Acres Treated

Atrazine 18lbs 6Glyphosate 7,128lbs 6,485Hexazinone 7,767lbs 2,759Triclopyr 991 lbs 1,884Totaf ! g,gu

U The total acres treatred is 9,344 because 1,790 acres weretreated with a mixture of both Glyphosate and Triclopyr.

I

STATUS AND CONTROL OF ANIMAL PESTS

A Report to the California Forest Pest Council From the Animal Damage Commtittee

SCOTT WARNER. CHAIRJOHN BORRECCO, SECRE'XARY

STATUS AND CONTROL OF ANIMATPESTS

INTRODUCTION

This report summarizes the Animal Damage Com-mittee's annual survey of vertebrate damage to forestfrees. The survey is accomplished by mailing a simpleform to private timber companies, federal and stateagencies, and other organizations who manage forestedlands in California. The survey form requests summaryinformation by pest species regarding species of trees in-jured, age class oftrees, acres over which damage oc-curs, number of trees per acre damaged, whetherdamage occurs in plantations or other areas, the generaltrend in damage relative to past conditions, and controlmethods used. Results of this survey are reported as partof the California Forest Pest Council's annual overviewof forest pest conditions in California.

In September,1992, lM survey forms were mailed tofederal and state agencies, private timber companies,and other private organizations managing forested landsin California. A total of 39 (38% return) responses werereceived.

RESPONDENIS AND IOCATION OF REPORTS

Survey forms were returned by representatives of theU.S. Forest Service (n= l8); California Department ofForestry and Fire Protection (n=8); private timber com-panies (n=5); and various other organizations (n=8) in-cluding the National Park Service (3) and the Bureau ofLand Management (5).

Figure 1. Orgrni-ations Returning Surveys

USFS 18Other 8(2t%)

(46Vo)

Private 5( r2%)

CDF 8(2t%)

Page 24

Incidence of damage to tre€s was reported from 34counties representing over !4 of the land area of Califor-nia. Counties represented: Alpine, Amador, Butte,Calaveras, Del Norte, El Dorado, Fresno, Glenn, Hum-boldt, Kern, Lake, [,assen, Madera, M*iporaMendocino, Modoc, Mono, Nevada, Placer, Plumas,Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, Santa Cruz,Shasta Siena, Siskiyou, Sonoma, Tehama, Trinity,Tulare, Tuolumne, Ventura, and Yuba.

Figure a Counties Reprcsented in Survey.

SPECIES CAUSING DAIIIAGE

A variety of mammal species are causing damage to for-est txees and the damage varies by region of tlre stateand by land ownership (Table l). Species most com-monly identified in this survey (as well as in previousyears) as causing problems are deer (547o ofrespon-dents), pocket gopher (49%), domestic stock (38%), por-cupine (31%), black bear (31%), and rabbits and hares(23%). Deer, pocket gophers and livestock feeding inju-ries on trees occur throughout the Stale on most owner-ships. Damage by other species tends to be more limitedgeographically. No damage was reported for small seed-eating mammals.

Page 25

TABLE 1. NUMBER OF DAMAGE RESPONSES REPORTED BY VERTEBRATE SPECIES(N = 39).

BeaverBirdsBlack bearDserWoodrat

EtkMeadow miceMountain beaverPocket gopherPorcupine

Rabbits & haresTree SquinelsDomestic stockGround squirrels

202

100

112

138

72

110

01774

10133

1320

00140

00021

1021

020121202104

020103119012

090501512

Total 59 12 108(n) (18) (8) (5) (8) (3e)

SCOPE OF DAMAGE

Damage from all sources was reported on aboutl47,4ll acres (Table 2). All of California's major tim-ber pncducing regions and timber types have reporteddamage by vertebrate species. Based on the acres of

damage, the species ranking changes only slightly:black bear (34% of the acres), deer (21%), pocketgopher (18%), porcupine (lU%),and domestic stock(6%), wodrat (7%), rabbits and hares (2%), and allothers (2%).

TABLE Z NUMBER OF ACRES REPORTED TO BE RECEIVING SOME LEVEL OF DAMAGB.

Specles USFS CDF&FP Prlvate Other TotalBeaverBirdsBlack bearDeerWoodratErkMeadow miceMountain beaverPocket gopherPorcupineRabbits & haresTree SquirrelsDomestic stockFeralpigs

100

1719 ,1 17

045010075

25,90211,7352,8691,0059 ,011

00

0

10,7503,200

10,000

30000

00

40,0008,030

0000

520100500

0200

02

10

50,78730,u710,000

45010075

26,96214,9353,3691,O259,511

04

0t

s003,000

a

00

2000000

&000002Ground

Total(1")

70,296(48)

27,701(1e)

49,352(33) v 147,411

(1oo)I incidence of damage reported but no information as to how many acres were affected.

Pago 26

Species Causing DamageSpecies

Beaver'B i rd

Black BearDeer

WoodratEtk

Meadow MouseMountain Beaver

Pocket GopherPorcupine

Rabbit /HareTree Squirrel

Domestic StockGround Squi r re l

10 15

Nurnber of Responses

20

Acres DamagedSpecies

BeaverB i rd

Black BearDeer

WoodratEtk

Meadow MouseMountain Beaver

Pocket GopherPorcupine

Rabbi t /HareTree Squirrel

Dornestic StockGround Squi r re l

10 20 30

Number of Acres

40

(Thousands)

50

Paga 27

SPECIES ACCOUNTS

BEAVER

BIRDS

Species Damaged: Aspen.Damage Trend: Static to increasing.Control Methods: None (2121.Damage Location: Butte, Nevada, Placer,Plumas, Sierra, and Yuba Counties.Comments: Damage reported to poles andsmaller trees in streamside zones.

Species Damaged: Sugar pine.Damage Trend: Static.Control Methods: Netting, plastic owls, andsonic scaring (1i1).Damage Location: Santa Cruz County.Comments: Damage reported to seedlings inthe Ben Lomond Nursery near Felton.

BEAR

DEER

Pago 28

Species Damaged: Douglas-fir, redWood, gi-ant sequoia, ponderosa pine, red fir, and elderberry.Damage Trend: Increasing.Control Methods: Sport hunting (2ltZ1, none(10112).Damage Location: Del Norte, Humboldt,Fresno, Madera, Mariposa, Riverside, SanBernardino, San Diego, Trinity, and TulareCounties.Comments: While damage was reported inboth plantations and natural stands to trees ofall ages, trees from 20 to 40 years old weremost commonly damaged. Levels of damagevary from 1 to 20 trees/acre. Black bears areprimarily a problem on private timber lands onthe north coast of California, however a fewincidences of bear damage were reportedfrom the southern Sierra Nevada and south-ern California.

Species Damaged: Douglas-fir, redwood,ponderosa pine, Jeffrey pine, lodgepole pine,white fir, red fir, incense cedar, giant sequoia,and oak.Damage Trend: Static to increasing.Control Methods: Seedling protectors(12121), repellents (2121), planting larger stock(1121), and none (7121).Damage Location: Alpine, Amador, Butte,Calaveras, Del Norte, El Dorado, Humboldt,Lake, Lassen, Mariposa, Mendocino, Modoc,Nevada, Placer, Plumas, Shasta, Sierra,Siskiyou, Sonoma, Tehama, Trinity, Tulare,Tuolumne, and Yuba Counties.Comments: Most damage occurs toseedlings 1-5 years old in plantations. Levelsof damage reported varied from 20 to 400trees/acre. Seedling protectors include plasticmesh tubes, bud caps, and plastic mesh net-ting.

Page 29

WOODRAT

ELK

Species Damaged: Douglas-fir, redwood,Sitka spruce, tanoak.Damage Trend: Static.Control Methods: None (4141.Damage Location: Del Norte, Humboldt, andTrinity Counties.Comments: Damage to trees 1O-30 years old.Woodrat damage is primarily reported fromforests on the north coast of Catifornia. Gener-ally considered a minor problem.

Species Damaged: Douglas-fir, white fir, red-wood, ponderosa pine.Damage Trend: Static.Control Methods: None (2lZy,Damage Location: Del Norte, Humboldt, andSiskiyou Counties.Comments: Damage occurs to seedlings andsaplings at fevels of 2 to 300 trees/acre. In-juries by trampling and rubbing were reportedin addition to feeding injuries.

Pago 30

MEADOW MOUSE

MOUNTAIN BEAVER

Species Damaged: Ponderosa and Jeffreypine.Damage Trend: Increasing.Control Methods: None (1/1).Damage Location: Butte, Lassen' Plumas,Shasta, and Tehama CountiesComments: Damage reported to be occur-ring in plantations on about 20 seedlings/acre'

Species Damaged: Douglas-fir, grand fir, redfii, white fir, sugar pine, and Sitka spruce'Damage Trend: Static.Control Methods: None (3/3).Damage Location: Del Norte, Humboldt andSiskiyou Counties.Comments: Most damage occurs in planta-tions to seedlings 1-10 years old. Some injuryto riparian vegetation also reported'

\---T---i\ -_-_r-------"'

Page 31

POCKET GOPHER

PORCUPINES

Species Damaged: Douglas-fir, white fir, redfir, ponderosa pine, Jeffrey pine, Coulter pine,sugar pine, redwood, incense cedar.Damage Trend: Static to increasing.Control Methods: Strychnine bait (6/19),trapping (1/19), none (12l19).Damage Location: Alpine, Amador, Butte,Calaveras, El Dorado, Fresno, Humboldt,Lassen, Madera, Mariposa, Modoc, Mono,Neveda, Placer, Plumas, San Diego, Shasta,Sierra, Siskiyou, Tehama, Trinity, Tulare,Tuolumne, and Yuba Counties.Comments: Most damage to seedlings inplantations 1 to 10 years old. Levels of dam-age reported range from 5-600 trees/acre.This is the number one vertebrate pest on Na-tional Forest lands in terms of both acres withdamage and number of respondents.

Species Damaged: Douglas-fir, white fir, pon-derosa pine, Jeffrey pine, lodgepole pine andredwood.Damage Trend: Static.Control Methods: Hunting (3112), seedlingprotectors (1112\, none (9112).Damage Location: Butte, Fresno, Lassen,Madera, Mariposa, Modoc, Nevada, Placer,Plumas, Shasta, Sierra, Siskiyou, Tehama,Trinity and Yuba Counties.Comments: Seedlings to mature trees report-ed damaged with levels of damage rangingfrom 1 to 150 trees/acre.

-

RABBIT & HARE

TREE SQUIRREL

Page I

Species Damaged: Douglas-fir, white fir, redfir, ponderosa pine, Jeffrey pine, lodgepolepine, western white pine.Damage Trend: Static to increasing.Control Methods: Seedling protectors (6/9),none (3/9).Damage Location: Butte, El Dorado, Hum-boldt, Kern, Lake, Lassen, Mariposa, Mendo-cino, Modoc, Plumas, Shasta, Siskiyou,Sonoma, Tehama, Trinity, Tuolumne, andVentura Counties.Comments: Damage to seedlings 1-5 yearsold in plantations. Levels of damage reportedrange from 1 to 350 trees/acre.

Species Damaged: Redwood, ponderosapine, Douglas-fir, Pinyon pine, maple.Damage Trend: Static to increasing.Control Methods: Hunting (1i5), seedlingprotectors (1/5), none (3/5).Damage Location: Humboldt, Kern, Mendo-cino, Siskiyou, Trinity and Ventura Counties.Comments: Damage is generally to trees 10to 60 years old.

--

Page 3i)

DOMESTIC STOCK

GROUND SQUIRREL

Species Damaged: Douglas-fir, white fir, redfir, redwood, ponderosa pine, Jeffrey pine,lodgepole pine, western white pine, incensecedar, black oak.Damage Trend: Static to increasing.Control Methods: Placement of salt (1/15),seedling protectors (3/15), fencing (4115), allotment plan to regulate numbers (1/15), none(e/15).Damage Location: Amador, Butte, Calaveras,Del Norte, El Dorado, Fresno, Humboldt,Lassen, Madera, Mariposa, Modoc, Nevada,Placer, Plumas, San Diego, Shasta, Sierra,Siskiyou, Tehama, Trinity, Tulare, YubaCounties.Comments: Most respondents reported dam-age to seedlings and saplings 1-10 years oldin plantations. Levels of damage varied from 5to 300 trees/acre.

Species Damaged: Ponderosa pine and val-ley oak.Damage Trend: lncreasing.Control Methods: Trapping (112\ and none(1t2) .Damage Location: Fresno and Shasta Coun-ties.Comments: Damage is most significant onmature trees in developed recreation sites al-though damage to seedlings (1-0 years old)also reported in a plantation. Squirrels under-mine roots and expose them to disease andmoisture stress.

Page 94

SURVEYS AND EVALUATIONS

A REPORT TO TTIE CALIFORNIA FOREST PEST COUNCILFROM THE INSECT AND DISEASE COMMITTEES

Page 35

SURVEYS AND EVALUATIONS

DEMONSTRAIION THINNING PTOTS IN IHEEASTSIDE PINE WPE ON THE TASSEN NA-TIONAL FOREST.

In 1978-1979 the Forest Service established plots in theeastside pine type to show the effects ofthinning onpest-caused losses in areas of high tree mortality. Thestands chosen were mostly pole-size ponderosa pinemixed with some white fir and incense-cedar, growingon medium to low sites, and ranging in age from 70 to90 years. Within the demonstration plots, four levels ofstocking density---49, 55, 70, and 100 percent ofnor-mal basal rrer-w€r€ established to demonstrale the bi-ological and economic alternatives available for man-agement planning. (Normal basal area is the basal areathat a stand should have reached when fully stockedwith trees, which in the demonstration areas, rangesfrom 185 to 215 sq fUac, depending on site quality.)Thirteen years after thinning, the treatrnents had re-duced mortality from 89 to 100 percent of the level inunthinned stands (Iable I l).

AIR POLTUIION

Twenty-five ozone injury tend plots es[ablished in1977 on the Sequoia National Forest (Fresno, Tulare,and Kern Counties) were revisited and rated for foliarinjury due to air pollution. These plots were last evalu-ated in 1990. During the past two years injury increasedat 8 sites, decreased at I I sites, and remained the sameat 6 sites. The general trend between 1979 and 1985when precipitation was near normal was for a gradualincrease in the amount of ozone injury to pines. Duringthe past 6 years of drought in the southern Sierra Ne-vada, however, the trend has been one ofdecreasing in-jury. It is theorized that pines under moisture slress areless active physiologically and therefore take up lessozone. While this may seem to be a beneficial situation,many stressed pines, whether damaged by ozone or not,have been decimated by bark beetles.

FOREIGN tOG IMPORTS

Radiata pine (Pinar rdiab) imported from New Zea-land arrived in San Francisco and the Port of Sacra-mento. Logs were eventually hauled to MarysvilleForest Products, Marysville; Louisiana-Pacific, Oro.ville; and Schmidtbauer Lumber Company, Eureka.Splneropsis sapinea (=pipls62 pinca) was recoveredfrom freshly milled logs at each location. The funguswas not recovered from kiln-dried wood at these loca-tions. No other diseases and no insects were found dur-ing these inspections.

Chilean hardwood logs imported by Fiberboard Cor-poration arrived in Standard, California. The logs,Nothofagus dombeyi and Laurelia philippianu, werepreviously fumigated with methyl bromide and airedout for five days prior to shipment from Los Angeles toStandard. No signs of insects or insect activity werenoted. Internal samples were taken from each of tenlogs selected for sampling because they had either signsof decay or surface defects. Surface contaminants werealso collected for identification. All samples were takento Sacramento for identification and analysis by CDFA(California Department of Food and Agriculture).

MISTLETOES

Dwarf Mistletoes Approximately 1,500 acres on Mt.Shasta Ranger District, Shasta-Trinity National Forests(Shasta and Siskiyou Counties) were surveyed fordwarf rnistletoe arourrd and within regeneration units.The purpose of the survey is to determine needs and pri-orities for suppression efforts.

Dwarf mistletoe continues to spread and degrade Jef-frey and ponderosa pines in the high vaiue recreationareas of southern California. Three suppression projectsare underway: (l ) pruning and felling of mistletoe-in-fested trees at Crystal Lake Campgrounds, Mt. BaldyRanger District, Angles National Forest (Los AngelesCounty); (2) broom pruning, branch pruning, and tree

1 980

1 981

1 982

1 983

1 984

1985

1 986

1 987

1988

1 989

1 990

1 991

1 992

Mean

Range

Table 11. Commercial tree mor.tality by stockinglevel, thirteen yeani after thinningl

Year

Resldual Stocklng After Thlnnlngb40% s5% 70% 100%

Trees per Acre

0.0 0.2 0.2 2.40.0 0.0 0.7 2.40.0 0.s 0.3 3.60.0 0.1 0.8 4.10.0 0.0 0.0 1.00.0 0.2 0.0 0.60.0 0.0 0.0 1.30.0 0.0 0.0 '1.4

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00.0 0.4 0.0 2.60.0 0.0 0.0 2.60.0 0.0 0.0 1.80.0 0.2 0.0 1.30.0 0.1 0.2 1.9

0 0 - . 5 0 - . 8 0 -4 . ' lPercent Mortality Reduction Comparedwith Normal BasalArea

100 95.0 89.0a. Cornmercialtrees ars 8 inches dbh and larger,with straight boles, yielding at least one 1O-footlog with a 6-inch top. Trees were killed by themountain pine beetle.b. Percent of normal basalarea.

I

removal on 800 acres on the Arrowhead, Big Bear, SanGorgonio, and San Jacinto Ranger Districts, San Bernar-dino National Forest (San Bernardino County); and (3)branch pruning, broom pruning, and felling at Mt. PinosRecreation Area and Organization Camps on the Mt.Pinos District, Los Padres National Forest (VenturaCounty). These projects were begun last year and are ex-pected to be completed in 1995.

Pre-suppression surveys were initiated in areas burnedby wildfre in the 1987 Stanislaus Complex Fire(Tuolumne and Mariposa Counties). The purpose is toidentify potential problem areas where infectedresiduals either within or adjacent to young plantationsmight threaten regeneration and, therefore, require treat-ment.

Field tests are continuing with the selections of Jef-frey pines resistant to dwarf mistletoe. Plots establishedin l99l on the Sugar Pine, Emerald Bay, and GroverHot Springs State Parks continue to be monitored. Also,additional, plantings of resistant selections will be madeon the San Bernardino National Forest in the spring of1993.

Investigations are also underway by the Chico TreeImprovement Center and the El Dorado National Forestto develop and test several selections ofponderosa pineto dwarf mistletoe.

True Mistletoes. True mistletoe demonstration controlprojects were evaluated for the second year inhardwoods at Lytle Creek Ranger Station, Apple WhiteCampground, and Apple White Day Use Area, CajonRanger District, San Bernardino National Forest, andCrystal Lake Campground, Mt. Baldy Ranger District,Angeles National Forest (Los Angeles County).Demonstration control projects for true mistletoe in con-ifers were evaluated at Pinyon Flats and Fern BasinCampgrounds, San Jacinto Ranger District, San Bernar-dino National Forest (San Bernardino County). The datasuggest that both chemical and silvicultural treatmentscan effectively reduce the reproduction and spread oftrue mistletoes on hardwoods and conifers in recreationareas for at least' two years.

MYCORRHIZAE

Mycorrhiza inoculation monitoring on the SalmonRiver Ranger DistrictSalmon River Ranger District, Klamath National Forest(Siskiyou County), initiated a study of the effect ofmycorrNzal inoculation on outplanting seedling growthand survival. The purpose of the study is to determinewhether such inoculation increases mycorrhizal infec-tion and provides a survivaVgrowth benefit toponderosa pine seedlings on harsh sites, to ponderosapine seedlings on green sale sites, or to Douglas-fir see-dlings on green sale sites. USDA-FS Forest PestManagement (Northern CA Service Area Redding) is

Page 36

assisting the District with monitoring the effectivenessof the inoculations.

Plots were established in spring 1992 on two areas ofthe District. Nine pine plots were established on thePicayune Ridge portion of the area burned by the 1977Hogg fue, which reburned in 1987 (near Forks of theSalmon). This area typifies harsh, difficult-to-regenerate conditions that result from repeated wildfire.Four pine plots were established on two units of theBlind Horse Sale area (near Cecilville), which had beenhand-piled and broadcast burned in l99l in preparationfor replanting in 1992. This sale area typifies a highersite quality, green sale sirc. Nine Douglas-fir plots werealso established on three units of the Blind Horse salearea.

150,m0 Douglas-hr bareroot seedlings and 250,000ponderosa pine bareroot seedlings were inoculated witha spore suspension of Rhizopogon sp. during the 1992planting s€ason. Seedlings were inoculated by incor-porating the spore suspension into the vermiculile andwater slurry into which roots are dipped prior to planring.

Evaluation will be done by measuring growth and sur-vival on inoculated and non-inoculated controlseedlings in the plots. Root systems will also be ex-amined to determine if the inoculation resulted incolonization of the seedlings by the fungus.

Mycorrhiza inoculation monitoring on the McCloudRanger District. McCloud Ranger District (Shasu-Trinity National Forests) (Siskiyou, Shasta Counties),Forest Pest Management (Northern CA Service Area),the National Audubon Society, and the mushroom cul-ture industry have jointly implemented a study onForest Service lands to determine whether inoculationwith myconhizae atthe time of planting may help insurvival and growth ofponderosa pine seedlings onsites typical of diffrcult sites on the District. In order todetermine whether one form of inoculum is moresuitable or beneficial than others, three forms of in-oculum were used. These were spores of Rhzopogon oc-cidentalis in the root dip slurry, spores of Pisolithustinctoius in the slurry, and addition to the planting holeof soil gathered from near healthy mycorrhizalponderosa pine trees in the vicinity.

Four 0.5 acre plots were established in spring 1992.Three units in the Bear Mountain Compartment onwhich plantations have failed were selected for thestudy. The units have not been forested for some time,and represent situations where inoculum potential islikely to be low. Competing vegetation (rabbitbrush andgrasses) and animal damage (gophers) have contributedto past failures on these units. Each plot was hand-planted with 25 randomly arranged seedlings of eachtreatment (3 inoculation treaunents and I non-inocula-tion treatmen|. Each tree was re-measured annually for3 years to determine differences in growth or survival.

Paga 37

WHIIE PINE EUSTER RUST

The USDA-Forest Service Forest Pest Managenentgroup initiarcd a survey of sugar pine occurrence andcondition in California. A pilot survey was conductedthis summer with the following objectives: (l) test themethodology and overall feasibility of the pilot surveydesign and (2) acquire enough data 0o conduct testanalyses to confirm that useful and valid conclusionscan be drawn from the data collected. Personnel fromthe Forest Service Tree Improvement Program, ForestService Research, and the California Department ofForestry and Fire Protection provided major assistance.

A subsample ofForest Service forest inventory andanalysis (FIA) plots containing sugar pine were relo-cated on the ground, and a new Yl-acre fixed-radius

plot established at the same si0e. All sugar pine greaterthan l" DBH on the plot were inventoried, as well asseedlings on a nested W-*re plot. All major life- andgrowth-threatening damage present on the trees wasrecorded, along with detailed information on white pineblister rust when that disease was identified.

Data were recorded for 146 sugar pine on 16 plots onthe Shasta-Trinity National Forests, and for 270 sugarpine on 24 plots on the Sequoia National Forest. Thefield effort was accomplished through the efforts oftwelve individuals who contributed a total of 76 person-days (including travel time to and from official dutystations). The results of the pilot survey will be publish-ed in a USDA-Forest Service Biological Evaluation.

Pago fi

TABLE 12. CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRTCULTURE,TREE DIAGNOSES FROM JANUARY THROUGH NOVEMBER 1992.

HOST TREE DIAGNOSIS COUNTY

ABIES MAGNIFICARED FIR SEEDLINGS

ABIES MAGNIFICARED FIR SEEDLINGS

ACER PALMAruM

FUSABIUM MONILIFORME SANTA CRUZSEEDLING ROT

FUSARIUM OXYSPORUMFUSARIUM BLIGHT

VERTICILLIUM DAHLIAE

SANTA CRUZ

SANTA CI.ARA, HUMBOLDT,CONTRA COSTA, SAN MATEODWARF JAPANESE MAPLE VERTICILLIUM WILT

ARAUCANIAARAUCANA PHYSIOLOGICALOEDEMA SONOMAMONKEY PUZLE

BETUIAALBAWH]TE BIRCH

CARYA Iu,INOENSISPECAN

PHORADENDRON MACROPHYLLUM SACRAMENTOBROADLEAF MISTLETOE

PHYSIOLOGICAL HEAT SCORCH TEHAMA

CASUARINA EQUISETIFOLIA FULIGO SEPTICA YOLOBEEFWOOD SEEDLINGS EPIPHYTIC MYXOMYCETE

CERATONIA SILIQUA NORMAL reALLS" WHICH ARE LOS ANGELESCAROB FLOWER OLD STALKATTACHMENTS

CINNAMOMUM CAMPHORA HEAT STESS/BURN SAN MATEOCAMPHOR

CORNUS FLORIDA DISCUIASP. LOS ANGELESEASTERN DOGWOOD FOL]AR BLIGHT

CORNUS FLORIDA SEPTORIACOBNIA P]ACEREASTERN DOGWOOD LEAFSPOT

CRYPTOMERIA JAPONICA PHWOPHTHORA SP. SANTA BARBAMCRYPTOMERIA CROWN ROT

CUPFESSUSSP. SEIBIDIUM CARDINALE CONTM COSTACYPRESS CYPRESSCANKER

CUPRESSUS GLABRA FULIGO SEPTICA YOLOARIZONACYPRESS SEEDLINGS EPIPHYTICMYXOMYCETE

ERIOBOTRYAJAPONICA ENTOMOSPOBIUM MESPILI SAN MATEOLOQUAT LEAFSPOT

EUCALYPTUS VIMINALIS PHWOPHTHORA SP. TEHAMAMANNAGUM CROWNROT

FRAXINUS OXYCARPA'RAYWOOD' DIPLODIA MWIIA SOLANORAYWOOD ASH CANKEF/FACULTATIVE PARASITE

FRAXINUS VELWINA DISCUIA FRAXINEA SACMMENTOVAR. GI-ABRA, MODESTO ASH ASH ANTHRACNOSE

7

Pago 39

Table 12 (Cont")

HOST TREE DIAGNOSIS COUNTY

IAGERSTROEMIA INDICA PHYSIOLOG]CALOEDEMA PI.ACERCREPE MYRTLE

LIQUIDAMBAR STYRACIFLUA l,\/INGS', NORMAL FASCIATIONS SACRAMENTOLIOU!DAMBAR ON THE TWIGS

LIRIODENDBONTULIPIFERA OIDIUM SP.

JUGLANS REGIAENGLISH WALNUT

OLEA EUROPAEAOLIVE

PINUS RADIATAMONTEREY P]NE

PINUS RADIATAMONTEREY PINE

POPULUS FREMONTIICOTTONWOOD

POPULUS SP.POPLAR

PRUNUS ARMENIACAAPRICOT

SCHIZIPHYLLUM COMMUNE SACRAMENTOWOOD DECAY

SANTA CI.ARA

SACRAMENTO

HUMBOLDT

MARSSONINA POPULINALEAFSPOT

PRUNE DWARF VIRUS

LOS ANGELES

MERCED

TULIP TREE POWDERY MILDEW ASEXUAL STAGE

LIRIODENDRONTULIPIFERA WIND DESSICATIONTULIP TREE

MALUS SYLVESTRIS VENTURIA INAEQUALISAPPLE APPLESCAB

MORUS ALBr4var.'FRUITLESS' CYTOSPORA CHRYSOSPERMA SACRAMENTOFRUITLESS MULBERRY CYTOSPORA CANKER

MORUS ALBAvaT. 'FRUITLESS' HERBICIDE INJURY SACRAMENTOFRUITLESS MULBERRY

MORUS ALBAvaT. 'FBUITLESS, SCHIZOPHYUUM COMMUNE CONTRA COSTAFRUITLESS MULBERRY WOOD DECAY FUNGUS

PIATANUS OCCIDENTALIS PHENOXY HERBICIDECALIFORNIA SYCAMORE INJURY

PLATANUSX ACERIFOLIA BOTRYOSPHAERIA RIBIS LOS ANGELESLONDON PLANE TREE CANKER

PIATANUSX ACERIFOLIA MICROSPHAERA PENICILIATA SANTA CTARALONDON PI-ANE TREE POWDERY MILDEW

SPILOCAEA OLEAGINEAPEACOCK SPOT OF FOLIAGE

SAN MATEO

ENDOCRONARTIUM HARKNESSII SANTA CI.ARA, SAN MATEOWESTERN GALL RUST

FUSARIUM SUBGLUTINANS SANTA BABBARA, SANTA CRUZ,PINE PITCH CANKER MONTEREY, SAN MATEO

SACRAMENTO

FTATHEADED BORER INJURY NEVADA

Page tlo

Table 12 (ConL)

HOST TREE DIAGNOSIS COUNTY

PRUNUS ARMENIACAAPRICOT

PRUNUS AVIUMSWEET CHERRY

PRUNUS DOMESTICAPLUM

PRUNUS DOMESTICAPLUM

PRUNUS PERSICAPEACH

PRUNUS PERSICAPEACH

PRUNUS PERSICA

PYRUS I<AWAI<AMIORNAMENTAL PEAR

QUERCUS AGRIFOLIA

QUERCUS AGRIFOLIACOAST LIVE OAK

QUERCUS AGRIFOLIACOAST LIVE OAK

QUERCUS AGRIFOLIACOAST LIVE OAK

PRUNUS NECROTICRINGSPOT VlRUS

PHWOPHTHORA SP.

MONILINIA FBUCTICOIASTONE FRUIT BROWN ROT

TAPHRINA DEFORMANSPEACH LEAF CURL

TAPHBINA DEFORMANS

MERCED

YUBA

SACRAMENTO

SACRAMENTO

SACRAMENTO

SACRAMENTO

SANTA CRUZ

BUTTE, SANTA CRUZ

PLUM LINE PATTERN VIRUS CONTRA COSTA

PSEUDOMONASSYA'NGE SAN JOAQUINPV. SYRINGE bacterial canker

var. NECTARINA, NECTARINE PEACH LEAF CURL

PRUNUS VIRGINIANACHOKECHERRY

APIOSPORINA MORBOSA PLACERBLACK KNOT

PSEUDOTSUGA MENZESII SERPUIA IACRIMANSDOUGI.AS.FIR LUMBER DRY ROT FUNGUS

PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII FUSABIUM OXYSPORUMDOUGLAS.FIR SEEDLING UNKOWN PATHOGENICITY

PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII PHWOPHTHORA SP.DOUGI..AS-FIR SEEDLINGS PHYTOPHTHOM ROOT ROT

ENTOMORSPORIUM MESPILI SANTA CRUZENTOMOSPORIUM LEAF SPOT

CYSTOTHECA IJ4NESIFTS SANTA CI-ARACOAST LIVE OAK SEEDLINGS POWDERY MILDEW

CYSTOTHECA IANESTRIS SANTA CI-ARAPOWDERY MILDEW

GANODERMA LUCIDUMHEARTAND ROOTROT

SANTA CI.ARA

TAPHRINA CAERULESCENS SAN MATEO, SANTA CRUZOAK LEAF BLISTER

QUERCUS DOUGIASII DALDINIA GRANDIS NEVADABLUE OAK WOOD DECAY FUNGUS

QUERCUS DOUGIASII GANODERMAAPPIANATUM SACRAMENTOBLUE OAK HEART ROT/WOOD DECAY

Paga 4l

Table 12 (Cont)

HOST TREE DIAGNOSIS COUNTY

OUERCUS DOUGIASIIBLUE OAI(

QUERCUS DOUGI/.SIIBLUE OAl(

AUEBCUS ENGLEMANNIIENGLEMAN OAK

AUERCUS KE,I'OGGIICALIFORNIA BLACK OAK

AUERCUS KE[/.o€,GIICALIFORNIA BI.ACK OAK

QUERCUS KEUOGGIICALIFOBNIA BI-ACK OAK

QUERCUS KEI/.OGGIICALIFORNIA BTACK OAK

AUERCUS LOBATAVALLEY OAK SEEDLINGS

AUERCUS LOBATAVALLEY OAK

QUERCUS LOBATAVALLEY OAK

QUERCUS LOBATAVALLEY OAK

QUEBCUS LOBATAVALLEY OAK

SALIX BABYLONICAWEEPING WILLOW

SC HI N US TER I BITHI FOLI USBRMILIAN PEPPER

SEQUOIA SEMPERVIBENSCOAST REDWOOD

ULMUS AMERICANAAMERICAN ELM

ULMUS PARVIFOLIACHINESE ELM

U M B EUU IAR IA CALI FO RN I CACALIFORNIA BAY

OAK BARK BEETLE INJURY

TWIG GIRDLER WASP INJURY

S P'AE ROTHECA L4NESTB'SPOWOERY MILDEW

ARMIIJARIA MELLEAOAK ROOT FUNGUS

DAANA GRANDISWOOD DECAY FUNGUS

GANODERMA APPIANATUSHEART ROT/WOOD DECAY

STEREUM HIRSWUMDECAY FUNGUS

S P T]AE ROTH ECA IAN E STR I SPOWDERY MILDEW

CORYNEUM DEPRESSUMBRANCH CANKER

CYSTOTHECA IANESTRISPOWDERY MILDEW

CYSTOTHECA LANESTFISPOWDERY MILDEW

DIPLODIAQUERCINABRANCH CANKER

COLLETOTRICHUMGLOEOSPORIOIDESFACULTATIVE TWIG PARASITE

OIDIUM SP.POWDERY MILDEW

PHYTOPHTHORA SP.PHYTOPHTHORA ROOT ROT

ABMILLARIA MELLEAOAK ROOT FUNGUS

GLOEOSPONMM ULMICOUANTHRACNOSE

GANODERMA APPIANATUMHEART ROT/WOOD DECAY

SACRAMENTO

SACRAMENTO

SAN JOAQUIN

NEVADA

NEVADA

NEVADA

NEVADA

SANTACI.ARA

SAN JOAOUIN

SANTA CI.ARA

SANTA CI.ARA

SAN JOAOUIN

HUMBOLDT

MADERA

HUMBOLDT

SACRAMENTO

LOS ANGELES

SAN MATEO

Page tl2

urltrD t?a?E3 DzD^Flilrr o? la.lcrtl.tonl - Fol'Esl lt:nl'lct c Lrtlrrtl ''otEf? tt!r, cqrcrLFOR.ESIC PEST DETECTIOI \T R.EPOFTT

I. IIED IXKXHIIU (See irstnrtions on revers€)

ir. omm: 2. mtrEsl (ts orlr): r. Drmrm (F OnI):

{. Lsl]. DISRiPIIO}I:l ._n ._section (s) _

6. itrlTl0lt: 7. LA}mffnsilP:PoRX$ SmnCBoun PDmtS1TTBmmn5. DtT[:

. s0sPmD crusE(s) 0f Tf,IIIRI:

r. ilsn ! u. *o* F2. DISUSB H 0. UCrnnert H3. AlrmAr H r.* H{. nffilR |-J 8. nmqil l-t

9. SIfi(S) or nES U?tr'ffO:

r. smrno F t, suTDEn El: ff;,,r H 5. wruInm r-r

10. PNf(Sl 0t ffE AfPECTD:

r.nrr E 5.mc F2. BRI}|$ H 6. mm6B H3, LnDn H ?. B0D H{ .B0 l r I r g .mm | |

1I. SPtrIS ATIECTED: 12. IIMON A|FECID: 13. lcRls lfPEcliD:

I{. IXJIffi OISI?IBOTIOT:

l. s$rTmxo n ?. GRNP' tr

15. s'ttIls 0F iuuRl:

l. DzcRzunrc n z. sTrTrc ! 3. nrcRzunc Dt6. trtvtflfl:

I?. PLT}ITATIO}I?

r .YEs E2. tro t-J

18. sTAlo c0lrPsrTl0lr (sPKrrS): 19. STA'ID IGE NO SIIE OISS:

20. slNrD DilsIn (BASAL NlAl: 21. SIn Q0AII11:

22. PEST [ICIS (rF nOfli) AilD RDOTXS (SypTq{S AlrD C0II?IB0TIIiG IACT0RS):

23. SI{PIJMRTAI!D?

l .YF H2. l{c l-J

2{. tml$ R4CISTD:

l. Il{FoRlr,an0}i mI F2. ru lDniTiirctTlo[ H3. PIH' Evilnin0!{ LJ

25. RXFORTR'S IITI{}: ?6. RtrORlR'SIGHC1I

2i. RPORIIR'S ADDRESS T PflOilI hll$fr:

u. rprr {PE$ runcilxrT rFB)

28. RXSP0liSlr

31. [Ht{I}m,s SIGITAIIRX:

t5-1100-l (n€Y. 3/90)

Page 43

T8E CSPE9ITIVE Ion$T p[st DEIECIIOil Sllnvil is spnsored by tne california torest Pest council. The corrncil encourages federal,iiit., an<t private land mnagers urd individuals to contribute to tlre Survey by srrbdtting pest injury reprts urd sarples ilrthe foilouing lanner.

rlDnrl pnso0iEt. senrt all itetection reprtl tlrough cbaanels. ltail injury salples ritb a copy of tbis reprt to one of thfotloring aPProPriate of f ic-es :

STtTg pEnSOXltUt. Send all detrtion reprts through cbunels. ttail injury salples rith a copy of ttris reprt to one of thfolloring aPProPriate offices:

USDI torest ServiceState and Private torestrY630 Saasole StreetSan lrancisco, CA 9{111

Glifornia Dept. of forestryand Fire Protection

P.0. Bor 1590Davis, Cl 956L7

lorest Pest ltalagerentShasta-Trinity ltational lorests2100 nashington Avenueteddilg, CA 96001

California Dept. of Porestryand Pire Protection

6105 tirprt RoadRedding, C[ 95002

lorest Pest llanagercntStanislars llational lorest1977? Geenley loadSonora, Cl 95370

California Dept. of Porestryand Fire Protection

776 S. State Street, f107Ukiah, Cl 95{82-5891

PRrVATE Llm XillGnS t}{D IlOnmlIS. Send all detection reports and sarples to tie closest California Departrent of Porest4and Pire Protection office listed above.

OXPLSING MI DNBCTIOX NFOM rcRT

ELtDnc (BIfiXS t-?1. Enter ail infonation reguested. In Block 6, L0CATIOll, provide sufficient inforution for ttre injuycenter to be relocated. If pssible, attacb a location up to this fon.

IXJURI DESCRIHIOI (BIrCl$ S-I51. Cbeck as mny bores as are applicable, urd fill in tlre reEested inforration as co4letelyas pssible.

STAI{D DESCRIPTI0I| (BttrXS 16-21t. This infonation rill aid tbe exariner in detenining borr t-be stand conditions contributedto the pest situation. In Block 18, indicate the lajor tree species in tlre overstory and understory. In Block 19, indicatethe stand age in yeus, and/or ttre size class (seedling-sapling; pole; young sautider; uture sarti$er; overratue, 0rdecadent ) .

PUST XlmS (BIOCK 221. ifrite a detailed description of the pest or pests, the injuy spptou, urd any contributing facton,

lOlol RI0UISTD (Bl,trK 2{1. ltuk iFiel<l Rvaluation'only if you consider ttre injury seriors enough to rarrut a professionalevaluation. llark nlnfonation 0nly" if you are reprting a condition tbat does not reguire furtber attention. All reprts rillbe ackroriedged and gestions usrered on tie lowet part of tbis fon.

TXPLY {sEcII0}t IIl. trake no entries in ttris block; for eralining personnel only. I copy of tlis reprt rill be returnedtoyou uith the infonation requested.

SfIDLIXG SAIPLE$. Please sublit injury salples riti each detection report. If pssible, send several specixns illrstratirrgtbe stages of injury and decline. Xeep saryles cool and ship tJrer iuediately after collrtion. Send tler in a strudycontainer, and enclose a coupleted copy of the detection reprt.

Y00R PAITICIPATIOI| Ilt TIE cWPmTIvE FOREST PEST D[TEOI0il Smvil IS GREITLI llXEDtD IllD PPn[CItItD. tdditional copies of Oilfon are available fror the ?orest Service, Porest Pest flanageaent, ard fror tbe California Departrent of Porestry urd PinProtection.

CALIFORNIA FOREST PEST COUNCILCOUNCIL AND COMMITTEE OFFICERS, 1992

Council Chair: Scott Johnson OVilbur-Ellis - Manteca)Council ViceChair: Dave Burns (RPF - Sacramento)Council Secretary: Susan Frankel (USDA Forest Service - San Francisco)

STANDING COMMITTEES

Animal Damage Committee:Chair: Scott Warner (Sierra Pacific Ind. - Redding)Secretary: lohn Borrecco (USDA Forest Service - San Francisco)

Disease Committee: Chair: |esse Rios (CDF- Sacramento)Secretary: Jack Marshall (CDF - Ukiah)

Insect Committee: Chair: fohn Dale (USDA Forest Service - San Francisco)Secretary: feanette Needham (CDF - Ukiah)

Southern California Pest Committee:Chair: Dave Neff (CDF - Riverside)Secretary: Paul Rippens (L.A. County Fire Department - Los Angeles)

Weed Committee: Chair: Glenn Lunak (Roseburg L,ands - Sterling City)Secretary: David Bakke (USDA Forest Service - Pollock Pines)

Editorial Committee: Chair: Don Perkins (CDF- Sacramento)Editor-in-Chief: Allen Robertson (CDF - Sacramento)

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

The Executive Committee is composed of the Council Chair, Vice{hair, Council Secretary, theStanding Committee Chairs (6), and the following members-at-large (3) :

. Herb Baldwin (Roseburg Resources Co. - Anderson)o Georg,e Ferrell (USDA FS PSW - Redding)o Ron Thompson (USDA APHIS ADC - Sacramento)