Family And Relationships Activity Chapter 2: Living Together

16 Cordova Learning Series Teacher’s Resource Pack EVS-5

Solutions To Text Questions

Chapter 1: Family And RelationshipsA. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) B. Fill in the blanks. 1. demolished 2. family 3. hurt 4. Central Government 5. LahoreC. Name the following. 1. livingintents 2. migration 3. demolitionD. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. Aunty/Aunt 2. India became independent in the year 1947.E. Shortanswerquestions. 1. Ourfamilyisconsideredourfirstschoolbecausewelearnmanythings

fromourfamilymuchbeforeourformaleducationbegins. 2. Immigrationmeanstoshiftfromonecountrytoanother.F. Longanswerquestions. 1. Wecanstrengthenthebondbetweenourfamilymembersandusby

caring for our parents, brothers and sisters. We must also give due regards to our elders and love to younger brothers and sisters. We must never hurt the feelings of our family members.

2. Yes,Isupportmyfamilymemberswhenevertheyneedme. (i) Ihelpmymotherwhensheissickbydoingthehouseholdwork. (ii) Ihelpmyyoungerbrother/sisterindoinghis/herhomeworkifthey

arehavinganydifficulty. (iii) Ialsospendtimewithmygrandparentssothattheydonotfeel

alone. (iv) I help my father in cleaning the car. (Students can give other

examples from their day-to-day life).

ActivityTeacher/Parentsmayhelpthestudentsinactivity.

Chapter 2: Living TogetherA. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (b) B. Fill in the blanks. 1. Honeybees 2. lay eggs 3. drone 4. richer, happier 5. many

17Cordova Learning Series Teacher’s Resource Pack EVS-5

C. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. Honeybees and ants 2. The three types of honeybees in a community are (i) queenbee (ii) dronebee (iii) workerbee.D. Shortanswerquestions. 1. Animals live ingroupsto lookforfoodandwater,protectthemselves

from enemies and groom the young ones. 2. Itwouldhavebeenbetterifeveryoneonearthlivedasonebigfamilyas

wecouldhavesharedourwork,joysandsorrows.E. Longanswerquestions. 1. (a) Queen ant : Theworkofthequeenantistolayeggs.Ithaslittle

control over the colony. (b) Male ant : Itmateswithqueenant. (c) Worker ant : Worker ants are of the following kinds, each

performingaspecificfunction. (a) Soldier ant : A soldier ant guards the opening of the nest to

prevent enemies from entering. (b) Forager ant : A forager ant searches food for the ant colony. (c) Nursery worker ant : Anurseryworkerantcaresfornewborn

antsknownaslarvae. (d) Cleaner ant : A cleaner ant is responsible for cleaning the

entirenest. 2. Weallliveinacommunitybecauseweneedpeoplewhocanhelpusto

fulfilourbasicneedslikefood,clothingandshelter.Thefoodweeat,thehousesweliveinandtheclotheswewearcomefromthejointeffortsofpeoplelikefarmers,labourersandtailors.

Incaseofhumans,communitylifeservesalotofotherusefulfunctionsbesides food, clothing and shelter. We get together on special occasions such as birthdays, weddings and festivals to celebrate. Living in acommunity also helps us to exchange our thoughts and ideas withothers. It also helps us to care for others. In otherwords, living in acommunity brings us closer to one another.

ActivityTeacher/Parentsmayhelpthestudentsintheactivity.

Chapter 3: WaterA. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a)


B. Fill in the blanks. 1. Rain 2. baoli 3. wells,tube-wellsC. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. Monsoon rainfall 2. Nowadays,piaos arepresentatroadsidetemplesandmarkets.D. Shortanswerquestions. 1. Baoliisatankthathasstepsonallitssidessothatpeoplecanreachthe

water. In the past, a baoliwasnotjustasourceofwaterbutalsoaplacewhere

communityactivitiesandreligiousceremonieswereheld. 2. Wellsaredug(about5to10metresdeep)toreachundergroundwater.

Wateristakenoutfromthewellwiththehelpofpulley. 3. We learn that every individual has the right to equality. We should

behavesimilarlywitheverybodyirrespectiveofhiscaste,creed,religionorfinancialstatus.

E. Longanswerquestions. 1. Supplyofwatertothefieldstogrowcropsiscalledirrigation.InIndia,

wellsandtubewellsarethemajorsourcesofirrigation.Insomeareas,canalsandtanksareusedforirrigation.

Wells : Wells are dug (about 5 to 10 metres) deep) to reach underground water. A widely usedmethod for uplifting underground water is thePersian wheel or rahat. It is a partly submerged vertical wheel withbucketsattached to the rim.Whenanimals suchasbullocks turn thewheel, thebuckets attached to the rimalso turn. Thebuckets at thebottom are filled with water and when they rotate, they empty thewaterintothechannelsthatirrigatetheland.Nowadays,electricpumpsareusedtodrawwaterfromthewell.

2. Wecangetundergroundwaterfromwell,step-wellandhand-pump. Hand-pump : Deep bores (holes) are dug into the earth to get

undergroundwater.Water is drawn out by using a hand-pump. Thehandlehastobemovedupanddowncontinuouslytodrawoutwater.


Chapter 4: Water -A Wonderful LiquidA. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (b) B. Fill in the blanks. 1. heavier 2. container


C. Name the following. 1. Beaker 2. Graduatedglassjar 3. Measuringcylinder 4. Flat-bottomflask D. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. Sugar and salt 2. Iron and copperE. Shortanswerquestions. 1. Whenwe open a bottle of sodawater,we see the dissolved carbon

dioxide escaping out rapidly in the form of bubbles. 2. Liquids are measured by their volume. 3. We should try to adapt ourselves according to the surroundings.F. Longanswerquestions. 1. Thefollowingactivitysnowsthatagivensubstanceissolubleinwater: (i) Takeatesttubeandfillhalfofthetesttubewithwater. (ii) Now,addhalfaspoonfulofthegivensubstancetoit. (iii) Shakethetesttubetillallthesubstancegetsdissolvedinwater. (iv) Ifthegivensubstancedisappears,thenitissolubleinwater. 2. Wecanshowthatliquidshavenofixedshapeoftheirownbuttakethe

shapeofthecontainerinwhichtheyarekeptbythefollowingactivity. (i) Take three different containers of different shapes like beaker,

tumblerandflat-bottomedflask.Pourwaterintothebeakerandnoticetheshape.

(ii) Now,pourthesamewaterintothetumblerandnoticetheshapeofthewater.

(iii) Similarly,repeatthesamewithflat-bottomflask. In every container,water takes the shape of the container. This

shows thatwater has no fixed shape, it takes the shape of thecontainer.


Chapter 5: Plants And Animals In WaterA. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (b)B. Fill in the blanks. 1. habitat 2. Whale/Dolphin 3. aerial 4. flippersC. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. Water lily and lotus 2. (a) moistskin (b) lungs


D. Shortanswerquestions. 1. Unwantedplantsgrowinginanareaarecalledweeds.Thedensegrowth

ofweedsblockswaterwaysfornavigation.So,thereisaneedtocontrolthem.

2. Iwillpickitupandputitbackinwatertosaveitslife.E. Longanswerquestions. 1. Plantsthatgrowinwaterarecalledaquaticplants.Therearethreemain

types of aquatic plants: free-floating aquatic plants, rooted aquaticplantswithfloatingleavesandsubmergedaquaticplants.

The important features of rooted aquatic plants with floating leavesare:

(i) Therootsofaquaticplantslikewaterlilyandlotusarefixedtothesoil,buttheirleavesfloatonthewater.

(ii) Theseplantshavelongstalksthathelptokeeptheirleavesfloatingonwater.

(iii) Leavesoftheseplantsalsohaveoilysurfaceswhichmakesthemwaterproof.

2. Fishes have a streamlined body that allows them to swim inwaterwithleastresistance.Theyalsohavefinsthathelpthemtoswim.


Chapter 6: Food Making In PlantsA. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (c) B. Circle the odd ones in each group. Give reasons for your answers. 1. hawk –Restareherbivoreswhilehawkisacarnivore. 2. pitcherplant –Rest canmake theirown foodwhilepitcherplant

feeds on insects.C. Fill in the blanks. 1. starch 2. photosynthesis 3. Crow 4. Bacteria,fungiD. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. Lionandtiger 2. VenusflytrapandpitcherplantE. Shortanswerquestions. 1. Thenetworkof interconnected foodchains is calleda foodweb,eg.,

foodwebofagrassland.


2. Whenever there is an increase in the number of animals, it becomes difficultforplantstosupplyenoughfoodandoxygentoalltheanimalsandtheanimalsmaydieduetohungerandlackofair(oxygen).

3. Giving isvery importantbecause itnotonly satisfies theneedof thereceiverbutalsomakesthegiverfeelcontented.

F. Longanswerquestions. 1. The process of making food is called photosynthesis where ‘photo’

meanslightand‘synthesis’meansputtingtogether. A plant takes water and minerals from the soil and carbon dioxide

fromtheair.Theenergyneededtomakefood istakenfromsunlight.Therefore,inthepresenceofsunlight,waterandcarbondioxide,greenleavesmake food andmake food called glucose.When leavesmakefood, they give out oxygen. The extra food is stored in the form of starch.

2. The process of transfer of energy in the form of food through a series of organisms is called food chain.

Examplesoffoodchain: In forests

In Grasslands

grass grasshopper frog snake hawk


Chapter 7: Not Enough FoodA. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (c) B. Fill in the blanks. 1. rainwater 2. nightblindnessC. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. NaturalcalamitiesandHuman-createdproblems


2. Floods,earthquakesandvolcaniceruptionsD. Shortanswerquestions. 1. Inordertoearnmoreprofits,someshopkeepershideandstorefood

grainsintheirgodowns.Thisiscalledhoarding. 2. Improperfoodstorageleadstodestructionofgrainsbymicroorganisms,

insects and rats. This in turn leads to shortage of food. 3. Yes, my maid fell ill because she did not get enough food to eat. She

wasoverworkedanddidnottakehermeal.Igaveherfoodtoeatandexplained the value of balanced diet.

E. Longanswerquestions. 1. The diseases that are caused by the lack of nutrients such as

carbohydratesandvitaminsinourdietarecalleddeficiencydiseases.

Deficiencyofnutrient Disease caused(a) carbohydrates marasmus

(b) iron anaemia

(c) vitamin A night blindness

(d) iodine goitre

(e) calcium improper development of bones and teeth

(f) protein kwashiorkor

2. Natural calamities like flood and drought are mainly responsible forfamine.Waterplaysanimportantroleincropproduction.Mostofthefarmersdependonrainwaterfortheircrops.Whenthereislittleornorain,cropsdonotgrowproperly.Thisleadstoashortageoffoodinthearea. When there is excessive rainfall, then also crops get destroyed. Othernaturalcalamities likeearthquakes,plantdiseasesandvolcaniceruptionsalsodamagecropsandleadtoshortageoffood.


Chapter 8: Searching For FoodA. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (a) B. Fill in the blanks. 1. smell 2. taste 3. water 4. Pitvipers,pythons 5. Eagles,hawks


C. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. Rabbit 2. Whalesanddolphins 3. Eagle,hawkandantD. Shortanswerquestions. 1. Biganimalslikeelephantssleepforashortperiodoftimeastheyneed

plentyoftimetoeatanddigesttheirfood. 2. Welearnthathoweverdifficultitmaybe,weshouldtryhardtoachieve

our goal. 3. Eagles depend on their sense of sight to locate their prey (food). They

areabletospottheirpreywhileflyinghigh.E. Longanswerquestions. 1. Thedurationofsleepofanimalsdependsonthefollowingfactors: (i) Amount of food: Big animals eat large amounts of food because

theyneedmoreenergy.So,theyneedplentyoftimetoeatanddigest their food. This iswhy they sleep for a short period. Forexample, African elephant sleeps only three hours a day whilehorsessleepforlessthanthreehoursadayandcowssleepfourhours a day.

(ii) Conserve Energy: Some big animals need to conserve energy. So they sleep for many hours. For example, pythons sleep about fifteenhoursaday(iftheyarehungry)orasmanyastwentyhoursadayafterfeeding.Tigerssleepsixteenhoursadayandbatssleepforaroundtwentyhoursaday.

2. Thefollowingfeaturesofowlhelpittosearchitsfoodevenatnight. (i) They have large eyes that help them see even in dim light. (ii) Theyhavelargesensitiveearopeningstocatchthefaintestsound

andlocatetheirpreyevenincompletedarkness. (iii) Theyhavesoft,fluffyfeathersthatenablethemtoflyincomplete

silence and catch their prey.


Chapter 9: Producing FoodA. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (b) B. Fill in the blanks. 1. tractors 2. minerals 3. Subsistence 4. migration 5. harvestingC. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. Weedsareremovedbyhandorusingtoolliketrowels.Weedicidesalso

destroyweeds.


2. Furrrowirrigation,FloodirrigationandSprinklerirrigationD. Shortanswerquestions. 1. Farmersspraypesticidesandinsecticidestokillinsectsandpests. 2. Theprocessofremovingweedsiscalledweeding. 3. In subsistence farming,many farmershave theirownsmallfields.All

the familymemberswork in the field. The yield from this farming isenoughonlyforthefarmer’sfamily.

E. Longanswerquestions. 1. The process of loosening and turning the soil is called ploughing. The

advantagesofploughingare: (i) It loosens and aerates the soil so that the roots are able to

penetrate deeper and breathe. (ii) Ithelpsinthegrowthofmicroorganismsandwormsinthesoiland

maintainsthefertilityofthesoil. 2. Theseedsofcertaincropslikerice,chilliesandtomatoesarenotdirectly

sowninthefield.Theyaregrownbythetransplantationmethod.Inthismethod,theseedsarefirstsowninnurseries.Oncetheyhavegrownintohealthyseedlings,theseseedlingsaretransferredtothefieldwheretheycangrowintoafullydevelopedplant.

3. Afterthreshing, thechaff is removedfromthegrainsbywind.This isknownaswinnowing.Inthisprocess,thethreshedgrainsaremadetofall from a certain height. The seeds being heavier directly fall on the ground,whilethelightchafffallsseparatelyandthewindblowsitaway.

4. Incidentscanbelikewhentheystudiedhardfortheirexams,theystoodfirst in the class or when they practiced very well, they weremadethecaptainofschoolfootballteamandwonthematchfortheschool.(Students can reply according to their choice).


Chapter 10: [Preservation Of FoodA. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (c) B. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. (a) Salt, and oil (b) Sugar 2. Mustard oil, vinegar and spicesC. Shortanswerquestions. 1. Food-spoilingbacteriadonotgrowwellindryconditions.So,vegetables

likespinachandgingeraredriedinthesun.


2. Food-spoilingbacteriadonotgrowandmultiplyincoldconditions.So,fruitsandvegetablesarekeptinrefrigerators.

3. Ifbread is kept in theopen foradayor two,greenorblackpatchesareobservedonitduetothegrowthofafungi(microorganism)calledbreadmould. Italsostartsgivingafoulsmell.Soitbecomesunfitforeating.

4. Pulses are preserved for a long period of timeby keeping in airtightcontainers.

D. Longanswerquestions. 1. The process inwhich foodmaterials are given a suitable physical or

chemical treatment to prevent them from spoilage is called food preservation.Different typesof foodarepreservedbyusingdifferentmethodsofpreservation.Oneofthemethodsisdrying.

Drying : Food-spoilingbacteriadonotgrowwell indryconditions.Somanyvegetableslikespinach,methileaves,cauliflowerandgingercanbepreserved inourhomesfirstbydryingtheminthesun.Thesun’sheat removeswater from these foodmaterials andmakes themdry.Fish is also preserved in the sun by drying it.

2. Foodcangetspoiltduetovariousreasons: (i) If the food isnotstoredproperly that is left inopenbacteriaor

fungimaygrowonit.Italsostartsgivingafoulsmell. (ii) If it isnotdriedproperlyandkept inmoistconditions thenalso

bacteriaorfungimaygrowandspoilthefood. (iii) If the quantity of food which is cooked is more than what is

requiredanditiskeptforalongtime,itgetsspoilt. So one should always store food properly and cook according to the

requirement so that it does not get spoilt and is thrown away. It istrue that many people starve because of poverty or scarcity of food. Therefore,oneshouldalwaysavoidwastageoffood.

3. Theadvantagesoffoodpreservationare: (i) itdecreasesfoodwastage. (ii) it increases the storage period of food. (iii) itmakespossible forus to get fruits and vegetables even inoff

seasons. Nowadys, we get cauliflower, capsicum and applesthroughout the year.

(iv) Itmakespossibleforustogetfruitsandvegetablesfromevenfaroffplaces.ApplesofKashmirandorangesofNagpurareavailableinDelhiaswell.



Chapter 11: Animals And Their Useful ProductsA. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (b)B. Fill in the blanks. 1. tribal 2. silkfibresC. Name the following pictures. 1. Silkworm 2. Pearloyster 3. Sheep 4. BuffaloD. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. (a) Honeybee (b) Silkworm (c) Pearloyster 2. Snake charmers,madaris andmahouts belong to tribal communities

whichuseanimalsasameansoflivelihood.E. Shortanswerquestions. 1. Some madariswhiptheanimalsduringshows.Thisway,theyarecruel

to them. 2. (i) Sheep–wool (ii)Silkworm–silkfibresF. Longanswerquestions. 1. Yes,weshouldalwaysshowcareandconcerntowardsanimalsbecause

theyarealsolivingbeingsandtheycanalsogethurt.Ifwearekindtothemandtakecareofthemnicely,theywillalsobefaithfultous.Theycanalsohelpus invariousways likeguardinghomes,playingwithuscarrying loads, etc.

2. Amajorityofsnakecharmers,madaris and mahouts are animals lovers. Theytreattheiranimalsliketheirownchildren.Theyarenotcrueltothe animals. They give them enough food, rest, proper shelter and cleanwater.Theyalsoclean theiranimals regularly.Theyunderstandthe needs and feelings of animals.


Chapter 12: Growing PlantsA. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (c) B. Fill in the blanks. 1. Plants 2. fruitsC. Join the dots and complete the pictures. Then, colour them. Also, write

their names. 1. Potato 2. Ginger 3. Bryophyllum


D. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. Cottonandhiptage 2. SweetpotatoanddahliaE. Shortanswerquestions. 1. Themethodofobtainingnewplantsfromtheleaves,stemsandrootsof

theparentplantiscalledvegetativepropagation. 2. (a) stem–sugarcaneandrose (b) undergroundstem–potatoandginger (c) spore–fernandfungi (d) root–dahliaandAparagus 3. Yes,weagreewiththisideabecausetreesareveryimportanttopurify

the air. Ifwe keep on cuttingdown trees and not planting any, theywillgraduallydisappearfromtheearthandalllivingorganismswillbeaffected.

F. Longanswerquestions. 1. Thescatteringofseedsawayfromtheparentplantisknownasdispersal

ofseeds.Thevariousagentsofdispersalare: (i) wind (ii) water (iii) birds (iv) insects (v) animals. 2. Waterhelpsindispersalofseedsofplantslivinginwateroraplacenear

it.Thelotusfruithasaspongypartandthecoconuthasathickfibrouscoat.Thesespecialpartsenablethelotusfruitsandthecoconuttofloatonwater.That iswhy,whenacoconut falls froma tree intowater itfloatsandtravelsthroughwatertofar-offplaces.


Chapter 13: Different Types Of HousesA. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) B. Fill in the blanks. 1. stilthouses 2. Acaravan C. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. Peoplebuilddifferentkindsofhousesbecauseof (i)differenceinclimaticconditions(ii)differentlandforms. 2. People inhilly, forestedareasmakewoodenhousesaswoodiseasily

available there.D. Shortanswerquestions. 1. Stilthousesarebuiltonpostshighabovetheground.Suchhousesare

safefromfloodsanddangerousanimalslikesnakesandinsects.Thatiswhytheyarebuiltinfloodedareas.


2. Multi-storeybuildingsarebuiltincitiestocopeupwiththeshortageofspace.

3. Yes, I will share my room with my cousin so that we can have funtogether.

E. Longanswerquestions. 1. Differenttypeofhousesaremadeinthesameplacebecauseof (i) shortage of space: Earlier, large plots of landwere available so

people used to build single-storey bungalows which had manyrooms.However,nowmoreandmoremulti-storeybuildingsarebeingbuiltinbigtownsandcitiesduetoshortageofspace.

(ii) cost of construction: The cost of making a house is anotherreasonwhyhousesinthesameplacearedifferent.Peoplemakehousesaccordingtotheirfinancialstatusorwhattheycanafford.Poor people generally build kachcha houses or one-room houses (chawls) indenselypopulatedareaswhichdonot requiremuchmoney. Pakka orstronghousesarebuiltbypeoplewhocanspendalotofmoneyonconstruction.

2. In someplaces, it rains somuch that the landkeepsgettingflooded.Houses in suchplacesarebuilton setsofwoodenposts called stilts.These houses are quite high above the ground. Such houses are safe fromfloodsanddangerousanimalssuchassnakesandinsects.Aladderis used to enter the houses. At night, the ladder is removed from the houseforsafety.Suchhousesalsohaveslopingroofstolettherainwaterfalldowneasily.


Chapter 14: Games We PlayA. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (c) B. Fill in the blanks. 1. strong 2. captainC. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. Golf,skating 2. Teamgame–hockey,Outdoorgame–basketballD. Shortanswerquestions. 1. Thespiritthatmakestheplayerswanttheirteamtosucceediscalled

team spirit.


2. Anationalteamconsistsofplayersfromdifferentpartsofthecountry.They play as a team.

3. While playing as a team, players cooperate and coordinate. They are not interestedinshowingtheirindividualperformancesandtalent.Winningof the team is important.

E. Longanswerquestions. 1. Weplaygamesformanyreasonslike, (i) It relaxes our mind. (ii) It is a good exercise. (iii) Whenweplayagoodgameorwin,itdevelopsourconfidence. (iv) We are able to channelise our mental and physical energy in a

morepositivemanner. (v) Webecomefreshandactiveandareabletodomorework. 2. (a) Many games are played in groups. These games are generally

playedbetweentwoteams.Thenumberofplayersineachteamvaries from game to game. Such games are called team games. Forexample,cricket,hockey,basketball,volleyballandfootballareteam games.

(b) Tobeagoodsportspersonweshoulddevelopthequalitiesof: (i) patience (ii)honesty (iii)tolerance (iv) generosity (v) politeness (vi) friendliness (vii)apositivealtitudetowardssportsandlifeand (viii)areputationforfairplayandgoodsportsmanship.

ActivityTeacher may help the students.

Chapter 15: Martial ArtsA. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (b)B. Fill in the blanks. 1. Blackbelt 2. computergames 3. Wrestling 4. self-defence 5. Tamil Nadu C. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. Silambamandgatka(Studentsmayalsogiveotheranswers.) 2. Thang taD. Shortanswerquestions. 1. Martial arts are popular in most parts of the would because it is

consideredasameansofself-defencewhilesomepeoplepractisetheseartscompetitively.


2. Children in the past used to play games such stappoo, langari-taang, seventiles,marbles,etc.

3. The three elements of speed, strength and technique are important in karate.

4. Taekwondo training generally includes an effective system of blocks,flyingkicks,punchesandopen-handedsirikes.

E. Longanswerquestions. 1. Thechildrennowadays,playcricket, football and tennis.Theyareno

longerinterestedislisteningtostoriesorreadingstorybooks.Amajorityof children enjoy playing computer games and scrabble, listening tomusic,surfingtheinternetandwatchingtelevision.

2. In old days, students learnt martial arts under the strict and directsupervision of their gurus.Studentsstayedwiththeirteachersintheirashramas. Theywere given basic traning, practice time and tests toknowwhattheyhadlearnt.Theyledaverydisciplinedandsimplelifeinthese ashramas.ThistraditioniscalledGuru-Shishya Parampara.

3. No,Nitikaisnotatalldoingtherightthing.Thisisbecausekarateisanartwhich ismeant for self-defencewhenyouor somebodyelse is indanger.Itshouldnotbeusedforscaringothers.Ifonedoessotosettlescores,oneisboundtomakemoreenemiesratherthanfriends.


Chapter 16: Spirit Of AdventureA. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a) B. Fill in the blanks. 1. chocks 2. BachendriPal 3. IndianMountaineeringFoundation 4. SantoshYadavC. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. Thedifferenttypesofmountainclimbingarescrambles,rockclimbing

and ice climbing. 2. Nylonropes,chocks,carabiners,ascenderandabelaydevice 3. Crampons are specialised climbing boots.D. Shortanswerquestions. 1. In rockclimbing,oneclimberclimbswhileanotherholds the rope to

protect against any fall. This technique of climbing up is called rappelling. 2. Anavalancheisalargemassofsnow,iceandrockthatfallsdownthe

side of a mountain. Whiteoutisaweatherconditionthatreducesvisibility.


E. Longanswerquestions. 1. As one climbs up the mountains, the atmospheric pressure decreases

and there is very littleoxygen in theair.Many climbers facealtitudesickness.Itscommonsymptomsaresevereheadache,sleepingproblem,nausea,lackofappetiteandbodyache.

2. Ice climbers use special equipment like crampons, ice axes and icescrews to climb ice surfaces. Crampons are specialised boots with aframeworkofspikeattachedtothesoletoprovidegoodgriponsnowandice.Mountaineerswearhelmetstoprotectthemselvesfromfallingrocks.Theywearapairofdarksnowgogglestoprotecttheireyesfromsunlight reflected by ice and snow. They also carry oxygen cylinders,sleeping bags and tents.

3. Teachercanhelpthestudentsintellinganincidentwheretheyhelpedsomeone by being brave and courageous.


Chapter 17: Dignity Of LabourA. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (c)B. Fill in the blanks. 1. dirty 2. upliftment 3. dignityoflabour 4. respect 5. Low-casteC. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. MahatmaGandhi,thefatherofnationgavethename‘Harijan’. 2. ‘Harijan’meansthe‘Peopleofgod’.D. Shortanswerquestions. 1. Itmeansnottoconsideranyworkdirtyorlow.Therespectgiventoall

kindsofworkisknownas‘dignityoflabour.’ 2. Firstofall,Iwouldgivehim/hermedicinetobringdownthefever.Iwill

allowhim/hertotakerestandhelphim/herbydoingallworkhe/shedoes for me by myself.

3. Ihelpmyfamilymembersinvariouswayslike (i) Ihelpmymotherincleaningthehouseandlayingdownthetable

for meal. (ii) I help my father in cleaning the car. (Studentsmaygivedifferentanswer.)


E. Longanswerquestions. 1. In the past, especially before independence low-caste people were

madetodomenialjobslikesweepingthefloorandcleaningthetoilets.High-castepeopleilltreatedthem.Theywereconsidereduntouchablesso they were forced to live outside the village. They were also notallowedtousethewellsthatwereusedbyhigh-castepeopleandprayin temples meant for high-caste people.

2. MahatamaGandhi,thefatherofournationfoughtagainstuntouchability.Henamedtheuntouchablesas‘Harijans’whichmeans‘peopleofgod.’Healsoworked for theupliftmentofHarijans.Tohelp themdevelopself-respect and self-confidence, he often visited their colonies andspentalotofhistimewiththem.Hebelievedindignityoflabour,thatis,respectforalloccupations.Asaresultofhisefforts,untouchabilityhasbeenabolishedinourcountryandisapunishableoffence.

ActivityTeachers/Parentsmayhelpthestudentsintheactivity.

Chapter 18: Forests—Our WealthA. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (c)B. Fill in the blanks. 1. roots 2. baskets 3. timber 4. Van Mahotsav 5. BhilC. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. Tribalpeopledependonforestsforfood,buildingmaterialsandwood. 2. AnytwotribesofIndiaareBhilandNaga.D. Shortanswerquestions. 1. Therootsoftreesbindthesoilanddonotallowthesoiltogetwashed

awaybyrainwaterorblownawaybythewind.Thus,forestspreventsoilerosion.

2. Shiftingcultivationandurbanisationarethereasonsfordeforestation. 3. Forests are called the lungs of the environment because they clean the

air for us.E. Longanswerquestions. 1. Forestconservationisdonenowadaysinthefollowingways: (i) Forests cannot be cleared without the permission of the

government. (ii) Cuttingdownoftreesistotallybannedfortimbercompanies.


(iii) A large number of trees are plantedwith the help of the localpeopletobringwastelandunderplantation.

(iv) Besides cutting down the trees to earn their livelihood, tribalpeople also plant trees and look after them till they have fullygrown.So,thebalanceinnatureisnotdisturbed.

2. I do not support this at all because clearing of forests results in imbalanceofnatureandaffectsthelivesoftribalpeopleinmanyways.Thedifferentwaysare:

(i) Cuttingoftreesresultsinsoilerosionandmajorlandslides. (ii) Alotofanimalswholiveinforestslosetheirhomeswhenforests

arecutdown. (iii) Tribal people depend on forests for a lot of things such as food,

wood,fodder,medicines,buildingmaterialsandclothing.Sothecuttingoftreeswillreducetheavailabilityofthesethings.


Chapter 19: Save WildlifeA. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (a)B. Circle the odd one in each group. Give reasons for your answers. 1. monkey : restareendangeredspeciesthatneedtobeprotected. 2. rhinoceros : restarekilledfortheirskin. 3. Sikkim–stag : ithasbecomeextinct;restareendangered.C. Fill in the blanks. 1. horn 2. heritage D. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. More than 5,000 species of animals and 1,200 species of birds are found

in Indian forests. 2. AntelopeE. Shortanswerquestions. 1. National parks are reserved and protected areas where birds and

animals live freely in theirnatural surroundings. Thus,nationalparksaresetuptoconservewildlife.

2. Wecancontributeintheconservationoftigersbycreatingawarenessamongthepeopletosaveforestsandnotusingthingsmadebykillingtigers.


F. Longanswerquestions. 1. Humanskillanimalsforvariousreasons: (i) Theykillanimalsforfood. (ii) They kill animals like leopards, tigers, crocodiles and snakes for

theirskinsothattheycandecoratetheirhomesorprepareleathergoodsfromtheirskinlikepurses,wallet,bagsandshoes,etc.

(iii) TheIndianrhinoisbeingkilledforitshornasitissaidtohavesomemedicinalproperties.

2. Thegovernmenthastakenvariousmeasurestoconservewildlife: (i) Huntingofanimals isnowcompletelybanned. It isapunishable

offence. (ii) AlargenumberofNationalParksandWildlifesanctuarieshasbeen

setupindifferentpartsofthecountry.Theseplacesarereservedandprotectedareaswhereanimalsandbirds live freely in theirnatural surroundings.

(iii) Preventingdeforestationorbanningofcuttingdownoftrees. (iv) Publicity media, such as radio and television are being used

to create awareness among people about the importance ofwildlife.

3. When the famous Bengal tiger of Sunderbans was threatened withextinction,thegovernmentstartedProjecttiger.Underthisprogramme,tigersinvariouspartsofIndiaweregivenprotection.Thisprogrammeprovedtobeveryeffective.Currently,27tigerprojectsarebeingrunin14states.Thishasresultedinanincreaseinthenumberoftigers.

ActivityTeacher/Parentsmayhelpthestudentintheactivity.

Chapter 20: Natural CalamitiesA. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (c)B. Circle the odd one in each group. Give reasons for your answers. 1. trainaccident: Restarenaturalcalamitieswhiletrainaccidentiscaused

by human error or machine failure. 2. textbook:Restgiveinstantinformationofnaturalcalamitieswhiletext

bookprovidesinformationofthingswhichhavehappenedorgenerallyhappens.

3. helicopter : Helicopter is ameans of transport which carries peoplefrom affected areas to safe places or distributes foodwhile rest arehumanagencieswhichprovidehelpthroughnumerousmeans.


C. Fill in the blanks. 1. cyclone 2. lava 3. Trees 4. volcano 5. TsunamiD. Namethesenaturalcalamities. 1. cyclone 2. earthquake 3. volcaniceruption4. landslideE. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. Earthquakes,floodsandcyclones 2. Police, Navy and Air forceF. Shortanswerquestions. 1. Earthquake iscausedby thecollisionof theplatesof rocksunder the

surface of the earth. 2. Duringadrought,thereisseverewatershortage.Pondsandlakesdry

up.Hugecracksdevelopinthesoilduetoscarcityofwater.Cropsgetdamaged and people do not get food to eat.

G. Longanswerquestions. 1. A cyclone is a fastmoving, violent anddestructivewindstorm. It can

destroy houses and crops. If a cyclone occurs at sea it brings huge volumesofwaterfromtheseatocoastalareas.Therushingseawaterdestroyseverythingthatcomesinitspath.Thisiswhythecyclonesarea great threat to people living in coastal areas and they should afraid scared of cyclones.

2. Thecommunityplaysagreatroleinbringingrelieftothepeopleaffectedbynaturalcalamities.

(i) Money,fooditems,clothesblanketsandmedicinesaredonatedbypeopleandsenttotheaffectedareas.

(ii) Variousorganisationssetupreliefcamps.Theycollectdonationsinvariousformsandhelptheaffectedpeoplelivinginthesecamps.

(iii) OrganisationslikeRedCrossSocietyandalotofdoctorsandnursesprovide medical help.

(iv) Theyalsoorganiseshowsandexhibitionstocollectfunds. 3. We can give away things we don’t use and can also help them by

collectingfooditems,clothesandmedicinesandbydonatingittothefloodvictims.


Chapter 21: Fuels For VehiclesA. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (a)


B. Circle the odd one in each group. Give reasons for your answers. 1. Coal: Itanon-renewablesourceofenergywhileothersarealternative

sources of energy. 2. Mumbai–High: Itisanoil-bearingareawhichisundertheseabedwhile

othersaredifferentstates,whichdonothaveanyoil-bearingarea. 3. Petrolpump:Itisaplacewherewegetfuelforvehicleswhileothersare

public places.C. Fill in the blanks. 1. efficiency 2. CompressedNaturalGas 3. natural 4. litresD. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. Petrol and diesel 2. Coal and petroleum E. Shortanswerquestions. 1. The materials that vehicles like cars, aeroplanes, motorcycles, etc.

burntoproduceenergyiscalledfuel.Namesoftwofuelsarecoalandpetroleum.

2. Coal isasedimentaryrock formedbytheactionofhightemperatureand pressure inside the earth from the remains of plants. This process takesmillionsofyears.

3. He should select a CNG run car because CNG is a cleaner fuel than petrol andwillcauseminimumpollution.

F. Longanswerquestions. 1. Petroleumwasformedwhenplantsandanimalsgotburiedunderthe

sea millions of years ago. Due to high pressure and temperature, their bodieswereslowlyconvertedintopetroleum.Petroleumisobtainedbydrillingholescalledoilwellsintotheearth’scrust.

2. Wecanconservecoalandpetroleuminthefollowingways: (i) We should keepour vehicles in good conditionby getting them

periodically serviced. This improves efficiency and reduces fuelconsumption.

(ii) Weshouldsavefuelbyusingpublictransportlikebusesandmetrotrainsinsteadofcars,scooters,etc.Thiswillreducethenumberofvehicles on road.

(iii) Forveryshortdistancesweshouldwalkoruseabicycle. 3. Alternative sources of energy are those forms of energy which are

renewable and do not exhaust. They do not cause pollution. Forexample,solarenergy,windenergyandenergyofflowingwater.

ActivityTeachermayhelpthestudentsintheactivity.


Chapter 22: Food And DigestionA. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (c)B. Circle the odd one in each group. Give reasons for your answers. 1. potatoes:restarenutrientsrequiredindietwhilepotatoisavegetable. 2. liver :restarenamesofteethwhileliverisanorgan. 3. heart :restareorgansofthedigestivesystem,whereasheartisan

organ involved in circulatory system.C. Fill in the blanks. 1. sugar 2. stomach 3. largeintestineD. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. Thefoodthatweeatdailyiscalledourdiet. 2. Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals are the four

components of food.E. Shortanswerquestions. 1. A diet that contains the right amounts of all the necessary nutrients,

waterandroughageisknownasbalanceddiet. Weshouldhaveabalanceddietforgoodhealthandpropergrowth. 2. Apieceofbreadbecomessweetafterchewingbecausethedigestive

enzymespresentinthesalivabreakdownsomeofthecarbohydratesinthebreadintoasimplesweetsubstancecalledglucose.

3. Inthestomach,thefood ischurnedandmixedwithseveraldigestivejuiceswhichfurtherbreakdownthefood.

4. (a) Inourmouth,teethchewandgrindthefood.Salivamixeswiththefood and changes starch into sugar.

(b) In the small intestine, more digestive juices from the liver andpancreas are added. These juices convert the food into simplesolublesubstancesandtheprocessofdigestioniscompleted.

F. Longanswerquestions. 1. We need food because (i) it gives us energy. (ii) helpsustogrow. (iii) repairs damaged body parts. (iv) makesourbonesandmusclesstrong. (v) keepsusfitandhealthy. 2. Ourbodyconvertsglucoseintoenergythatweusetoperformvarious

activities. Therefore,when a person is suffering fromdehydration or


weaknessdue to illness, stressor surgery,glucose isdirectly injectedintothepatient’sbloodthroughadrip.Thisiscalledaglucosedrip.Itgivesinstantenergytothepatient.

3. Yes,working together isvery important inour life too. Inanysystemorworkeverybodyhasaspecificroletoplay.Thiscanbeshownbytheexamplethatoncemeandmyfriendweregivenaproject.Wedecidedamongst ourselves that hewill prepare themodels and Iwill do thewritinganddrawingpart.However,hefellillandcouldnotpreparethemodels intime so restof theworkalso got affected. In theend,wecouldnotsubmittheprojectintime.Thisshowsthatworkingtogetherandincoordinationisverynecessary.


Chapter 23: Blow Hot And Blow ColdA. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (b)B. Fill in the blanks. 1. ribcage 2. Carbondioxide,watervapour. 3. chest 4. nose 5. air 6. DiaphragmC. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. Nostrils 2. Nasal passageD. Shortanswerquestions. 1. Weneedmoreenergywhenwedophysicalexercise.So,weneedmore

oxygen.Thatiswhywebreathefaster. 2. Iwilltakehiminsideandgivehimatowelandsomeclothestochange.

Then I will give him some hot chocolatemilk and cover himwith ablanketandwillrubhishandsandfeettomakehimwarm,sothathestarts breathing normally.

E. Longanswerquestions. 1. Thefollowingactivityshowsthattheairwebreatheoutcontainswater

vapour: (i) Stand in front of a mirror. (ii) Breathe our air over the surface of the mirror. (iii) Wecanseesomethingsettingonthesurfaceofthemirror.Thisis

thewatervapourcondensingonthecoolsurfaceofthemirror. (iv) Thus,weknowthattheairwebreatheouthaswatervapour. 2. Ournosehasveryfinehair.Thesetrapthedustandgerms intheair

webreatheinandpreventthemfromenteringourlungs.Butwhenwe


breathe in air through the mouth, the air that enters our lungs does not getfilteredandisunclean.Itcarriesdustandgermsintoourlungsandwecanfallill.


Chapter 24: Our Likes And DislikesA. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (c) B. Circle the odd one in each group. Give reasons for your answers. 1. airsac : rest are parts of the brain while air sac is a part of

respiratory system. 2. old :restarespecialpeoplewhocannotsee,speakorhear.C. Fill in the blanks. 1. vertebral column 2. sense organs 3. Louis Braille 4. Nerves D. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. The nervous system is made up of the nerves, the spinal cord and the

brain. 2. Cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla oblongataE. Shortanswerquestions. 1. People who cannot walk, talk, hear, see or speak are called special

people as they need special care. 2. Deaf and dumb people communicate through sign language. 3. Iwillhavethefoodhappilybecause it isnotgoodmannerstocreate

noise and not have the food served to us. F. Longanswerquestions. 1. Peoplesensethingsdifferentlybecauseofthefollowingfactors: (i) Family Background: Our family plays an important role in

determining our tastes. For eg. some families are vegetarian and some are non-vegetarian.

(ii) Cultural Background:Mostofuslikespicyandoilyfoodandliveinbigfamilieswhereas,peopleinwesternpartoftheworlddonotlikespicyandoilyfoodandmostlyliveinnuclearfamilies.

(iii) Conditions: During our vacations, we enjoy listening to music,dancing, watching television and playing cricket. We pay littleattention to studiesbut,duringexaminationdays,westayawayfromloudmusic,donotwatchtelevisionandlimitourplaytime.


2. Stimulus

Sensory nerves send messages to the brain.

WORKING OF THE BRAIN

body acts

accordinglyMotor nerves carry

messages for suitable action.

brain receives messages

processes messages

forms responses

sense

organs

to the

muscle/

body part

ActivityTeachermayhelpthestudentsintheactivity.

Chapter 25: Mosquitoes And MalariaA. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (b) B. Fill in the blanks. 1. antennae 2. malarial germC. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. The four stages in the lifecycleofamosquitoare : (i)eggs, (ii) larva

(iii) pupa and (iv) adult mosquito. 2. Anopheles D. Shortanswerquestions. 1. When the female Anophelesmosquitobitesasickpersonsufferingfrom

malaria,themalarialgermsofthesickpersonpasswiththisbloodintothe body of the mosquito.

2. The symptoms of malaria are high fever and shivering followed byheadache and nausea. This is followed by a fall in temperature bysweating.Thisisrepeatedevery48to72hours.

3. IwillgohomeandtellmyfatheraboutitsothathecancalltheMunicipalCorporationDepartmentpeople to cover itwith stones,pebbles andsoilorIwillfillthepitwiththehelpofmyfriendssothatmosquitoesnot breed over it.

E. Longanswerquestions. 1. Mosquitoes lay eggs in standing or stagnant water such as swamps,

lakesandponds.Wecandestroymosquitoeggsby (i) fillingditcheswheremosquitoesbreed. (ii) sprayingkeroseneoilorDDTonthesurfaceofpondsandlakesto

killtheeggsandlarvaeofmosquitoes. (iii) changingthewaterofroomcoolersregularlytopreventmosquitoes

from breeding.


2. We can protect ourselves from mosquito bites (i) by fixing wire nettings on the windows and doors to prevent

mosquitoes from entering our homes (ii) by using mosquito repellents such as creams and coils (iii) by using mosquito nets and (iv) bywearingafull-sleevednightdress.


Chapter 26: SpacewalkA. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (c)B. Circle the odd one in each group. Give reasons for your answers. 1. YuriGagarin : HewasaRussianwhowentintospacewhilerest

areIndianswhowentintospace. 2. Sun : OnlySunisastarwhilerestareusedtogointo

spaceoristheworkingareaforspaceresearch.C. Fill in the blanks. 1. heavenlybodies 2. VoyagerSpacecraft 3. Columbia,Discovery 4. ISS(InternationalSpaceStation) 5 ArtificialD. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. MajorYuriGagarin,aRussianwasthefirstmanandValentinaTereshkova,

aRussianwasthefirstwomantogointothespace. 2. NeilArmstrongandEdwinAldrinbecamethefirsttwomentowalkon

the Moon.E. Shortanswerquestions. 1. The universe includes the Earth and all the heavenly bodies in the space

surrounding the Earth. 2. Thecollectionofinformationaboutthevariousheavenlybodiesinspace

iscalledspaceexploration. 3. Weathersatellitesareusedforweatherforecasting.F. Longanswerquestions. 1. The moon is the only natural satellite of the Earth. It revolves around the

Earth in 27 days. It is our nearest neighbour in space. It is the brightest object in thesky,next to theSun. Ithasno lightof itsown. It shinesbecauseitreflectsthelightoftheSun.Themoonhasnowaterorair.So,no life exists on moon.


2. (a) Aspacestationisapermanentspaceportwhereastronauts liveand carry out scientific experiments in space. For example, theInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)istheonlyspacestation.

(b) A space shuttle is a reusable spacecraft designed for sendingastronauts intospace.DiscoveryandColumbiaaresomewell –knownspaceshuttles.

3. Yes, I totally agree with Sunita Williams because perseverance andhardworkcanmakeusachieveanyaimorgoal.Soifwearefirminourmindanddedicatedinourapproachwecanaccomplishanytaskwhichmayappeartobedifficult.Wehavetoremainfocussedinourgoal.


Chapter 27: Historical Monuments

A. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (a)

B. Fill in the blanks. 1. TajMahal 2. ironpillar 3. GolGumbaz

4. MeenakshiTemple 5. ASI(ArchaeologicalsurveyofIndia)

C. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. GolGumbaz 2. NewDelhi

D. Shortanswerquestions. 1. Historical monuments are of great importance to us as they remind us

of our glorious past and rich heritage.

2. Iwillmakeherunderstandthatitisahistoricalmonumentandaveryimportantpartofournationalheritagesoweshouldnotdestroyitordisfigureitbywritingonwallbutpreserveit.

E. Longanswerquestions. 1. TheTajMahalwasbuiltbyShah JahanatAgra in thememoryofhis

belovedwifeMumtazMahal.Itismadeofwhitemarble.Thewallshavebeautifully carved floral designs. Itwas decoratedwith semipreciousstones.Ithasahugegardenwithareflectingpool.Itlooksmagnificentespecially on a moonlit night.

2. Wecanprotectourmonumentsinthefollowingways.

(i) Weshouldnotthrowanygarbageinandaroundthemonumentarea.


(ii) We should never scratch, write or draw on the walls of themonuments.

(iii) Weshouldnotstealordestroystatuesoranyotherobjectsfromthese monuments.

(iv) Weshouldalwayspurchasetheentryticketasthismoneyisusedfor their maintenance.

(v) We should do our best to reduce air pollution in the areasurroundingamonumentoratleastmakepeopleawareofit.

3. (i) Hawa Mahal – This building has small balconies that maintain a constantflowofcoolbreeze.Womenoftheroyalfamilywatchedprocessions and parades from these balconies.

(ii) Sun Temple – Themaintemple is intheshapeofachariotwithtwelvepairsofhugewheelsdrivenbysevenhorses.

Activity

Teacher/Parentsmayhelpthestudentsintheactivity.

Chapter 28: Health And Diseases

A. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a)

B. Fill in the blanks. 1. mind,body 2. food,water 3. immunity

4. Germs 5. EdwardJenner 6. LouisPasteur

C. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. (i) air–viralfever,diptheria

(ii) directcontact–chickenpox,measles

(iii) insects–malaria,plague

2. Cholera and common cold

3. (a)Virus (b)Bacteria (c)Protozoa

D. Shortanswerquestions. 1. The diseases that spread from one person to another are called

communicable diseases. These diseases are caused by microorganisms called germs.

2. Spreadofgermsfromsickpersontoahealthypersoncanbecheckedby

(i) keepingthepatientinaseparateroomand

(ii) the clothes and things used by the patient must be washedseparately and disinfected.


3. Vaccination helps by creating immunity against a particular disease.Examplesare:

(i) Poliovaccinewhichpreventspolio. (ii) DPTvaccinewhichpreventsdiphtheria,pertussisandtetanus.

4. The basic conditions required for staying in good health are regularexercise, clean and hygienic environment, adequate rest, a balanced diet and good habits.

5. Diseases that are caused due to the lack of nutrients such ascarbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals in our diet are calleddeficiencydiseases.

6. Iwillaskmymothertogivesomenutritiousfooddailytothechildasitwillhelpthechildtorecover.

E. Longanswerquestions. 1. Spreading and breeding of germs can be controlled in the following

ways. (i) Floor, toilet and bathroom must be cleaned regularly with

disinfectants. (ii) Dustbins must be properly covered to prevent breeding of germs. (iii) Food must be properly covered. (iv) Milkmustbeboiledproperlytokillthegermsinit. 2. Thespreadofcommunicablediseasescanbecheckedbythefollowing

methods. (a) Control of breeding and spread of germs. (b) Preventionofthespreadofgermsfromasickpersontoahealthy

person and (c) Vaccination.

Activity

Teacher/Parentsmayhelpthestudentsintheactivity.

Chapter 29: Safety And First AidA. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (c)B. Fill in the blanks. 1. careless 2. fireextinguishers 3. anti-tetanus 4. virus 5. crepe bandageC. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. 101 2. Thedoctorgivesanti-venominjection.


D. Shortanswerquestions. 1. The immediate help given to an injured person before the doctor’s

arrivaliscalledfirstaid.

2. If someonegetsachemicalburn,wash theaffectedareawithplentyofwatertoremovethechemical.Thenapplyicecubesfollowedbyanantisepticcream.

3. Yes,Iwillhelpmyfriend.Iwilllethimsitonachairandpinchthenosefor8minutesandleanslightlyforwardtillthebleedingstops.Iwillgivehimanicepacktobekeptonhisnoseandtellhimtobreathethroughhismouth.Iwillcallthedoctorimmediately.

E. Longanswerquestions. 1. (a) hasafracture–

(i) Calmthepatientandmakehimcomfortable.

(ii) Tieawoodenrulerorcardboardaroundthebrokenboneandimmobilizethebrokenbone.

(iii) Takethepatienttothedoctor.

(b) getsadeepcutwound–

(i) Washthewoundwithsoapandwater

(ii) Takesomecottonorthickpadofsterilegauzeandpressitoverthewoundandtie ittightlywithabandage. If thebleedingdoes not stop use a tourniquet.

(iii)Raisethebleedingpartwiththetourniquethigherthantherest of the body.

(iv) Consult a doctor.

2. (a) Throwingwater over an electric fire can be dangerous becausewaterisagoodconductorofelectricity.Whenthisflowingwatertouchessomeone,he/shemaygetanelectricshock.

(b) Whenthefireiscausedduetoanelectricshortcircuit,itcanbeextinguishedbythrowingsandormudoverit.Switchoffthemainsupplyimmediatelytopreventspreadoffire.


Chapter 30: Soil Conservation

A. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (a)


B. Fill in the blanks. 1. weathering 2. soilerosion

3. conservationofsoil 4. Soil

C. Veryshortanswerquestions. 1. Runningwater,windandhumanactivities 2. Afforestation

D. Shortanswerquestions. 1. Humanactivitieslikedeforestation,thatis,cuttingdownoftreesona

largescaleandovergrazingasaresultofwhichlandbecomesbarren,cause soil erosion.

2. Due to overgrazing, the land becomes barren and the soil becomes loose. As a result, it can be easily carried away by strongwinds andrunningwater.Therefore,overgrazingitshouldbeavoided.

3. (a) Bholu does this to prevent overgrazing by animals on the same pasture again and again so that soil is conserved.

(b) We learn fromBholu thatweshouldbekind toanimalsandbeenvironment friendly also.

E. Longanswerquestions. 1. Theremovaloffertiletopsoilfromaregionbywind,rainorriverwater

is called soil erosion. Soil has many layers. The topmost layer is called topsoilwhichisthemostfertilelayer.Therootsofplantsandtreesthatgrowinthesoil,holdtheparticlesoftopsoiltogether.Duetothis,windandwaterarenotabletocarryawaythetopsoileasily.Hence,plantsareveryhelpfulinpreventingsoilerosion.

2. Onhillslopestheflowofwaterisveryrapidandforceful.Itcarriesawaya lotof fertile topsoil.Hence, farming isdonebycuttingsteps in theslopes. This method is called terrace or step farming. These steps lessen thespeedofwaterasitflowsdownandreducessoilerosion.Alsothesoil eroded from one step is deposited on the next. Thus, step farming reduces soil erosion.


Chapter 31: Rocks And MineralsA. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (c)B. Fill in the blanks. 1. rocks 2. fossils 3. Slate


C. VeryShortAnswerQuestions. 1. BauxiteandHaematitearetwoores. 2. Goldandsilveraretwopreciousmetals.D. Shortanswerquestions. 1. Pumiceisformedwhenfrothylavacoolsquicklyontheearth’ssurface.

As it cools, the gases in the froth remain trapped inside. Therefore, pumicehasasponge-likestructure.

2. Amineralfromwhichmetalscanbeextractedeasilyiscalledanore. 3. (a) Diamond is a gemstone. (b) ThePrincipalappreciatedNitikaforherhonesty.E. Longanswerquestions. 1. Sedimentary rocks are formed from pebbles, sand,mud or clay that

getsdepositedinlayersonoceanfloors.Thesesedimentsarebroughtbyrunningwaterorice.Astimepassesandwithcontinuouspressure,theselayersgetcementedbyminerals.Sometimesshellsofseaanimalsalso form sedimentary rocks. In some cases dissolvedminerals formsedimentaryrocks.

2. Metamorphicmeans‘haschanged’.Metamorphicrocksareformedfromigneousorsedimentaryrocks.Whentheserocksaresubjectedeithertoimmense heat or pressure inside the earth, the mineral content of these rockschanges.Thechangedrocksarecalledmetamorphicrocks.

3. Wegetmetals,gemstonesandfuelsfromrocks. (i) Metals: They are commonly used for making things such as

utensils,coins,wires,cables,shipsandaeroplanes. (ii) Gemstones: They are found in the form of crystals. Diamonds,

emeralds, rubies, sapphires are gemstones used in makingjewellery.

(iii) Coal : Itisusedasafuelandalsotomakechemicalstoproducedrugs,plasticsandfertilisers.


Chapter 32: Environmental PollutionA. Tick () the correct answers. 1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (b)B. Fill in the blanks. 1. jaundice,typhoid 2. lossofhearing,headache 3. sandstorms,forestfires 4. naturalandhuman-madefactors 5. fuels


C. Veryshortanswerquestions.

1. Sound is measured in decibels.

2. Twocausesofairpollutionare:

(i) burning of fuels in factories and vehicles and

(ii) burning of garbage.

D. Shortanswerquestions.

1. Pollutionistheadditionofharmfulsubstancestoair,waterandland.

2. (a) Effectsofnoisepollutionare:

(i) loss of hearing and in extreme cases deafness and

(ii) loss of sleep.

(b) Effectsofairpollutionare:

(i) respiratory diseases and

(ii) lung damage.

E. Longanswerquestions.

1. Watergetspollutedby:

(i) dumping chemicalwastes from factories, householdwastes andsewagebeingdumpedintorivers,ponds,andlakes.

(ii) leakagefromoiltankers.

(iii) washingclothesandbathingcattle inrivers,streams,pondsandlakes.

2. AsastudentIcancontributealottowardsreducingpollution.

(i) I can spread awareness about things which cause pollution byputtingupbanners,posters,etc.withmyfriends.Thiscanincludeinformationonthevarioushazardsofpollutionalso.

(ii) I should always throw garbage in covered dustbins.

(iii) Ishouldtrytowalkonfootasmuchaspossibleinsteadofusingacarorscooter.Ifnecessary,Icanuseabicycle.Thiswillpreventpollutiontoagreatextent.


Family And Relationships Activity Chapter 2: Living Together

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