Experiment Guide For Development Board MTK V15-6 - Star ...

STAR ENGINEERING TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT UNIT

Experiment Guide For Development Board

MTK V15-6 8-bit AVR, 8051 and PIC Microcontrollers

Star Engineering Team

6/15/2015

Contact Details Stars Team: Supervision: Asst. Prof. M. Farhan Khan (PhD, in progress)… +923332156027 Programming/ Testing: Naveed Ahmed (DAE)…………………………………… +923343311436 Programming/ Testing: Muhammad Haris (BE)………………………………… +923232705044 PCB Designing: Ikram Ansari (DAE)……………………………………… +923453101574 Hardware: M. Zeeshan Raza Khan………………………………… +923312020243

Study of Microcontrollers is essential for the students of Electrical Engineering and all related fields. Microcontrollers provide a way for home, environment and industrial Automation. 40 pin 8-bit AVR, 8051 and PIC Microcontrollers are provided separately on development board with their basic hardware like crystal oscillator, in-system programming port and power supply etc. Peripherals are also given separately so that user may connect any on-board peripheral with any available Microcontroller using jumper wires.

1 Star Engineering Training and Development Unit For feedbacks and queries contact at +923332156027 or email: [email protected]

Contents 1 Hardware Details MTK V15-6 ......................................................................................................... 5

1.1 Schematic ............................................................................................................................... 5

1.2 Board Layout .......................................................................................................................... 6

1.3 Printed Circuit Board .............................................................................................................. 7

1.3.1 Top view ......................................................................................................................... 7

............................................................................................................................................................ 7

1.3.2 Bottom view ................................................................................................................... 8

1.4 Soldered Board MTK V15-6 .................................................................................................... 9

1.4.1 Unpowered Board .......................................................................................................... 9

1.4.2 Powered Board ............................................................................................................. 10

1.5 Component List .................................................................................................................... 11

1.6 Hardware Blocks MTK V15-6 ................................................................................................ 14

1.6.1 Power Supply, Reset and Crystal .................................................................................. 14

1.6.2 PIC, AVR and 8051 based Microcontrollers .................................................................. 14

1.6.3 4-Digit Multiplexed Common Anode 7 Segment Display ............................................. 15

1.6.4 LCD Display Module ...................................................................................................... 16

1.6.5 8-bit LED Bar Graph Display (Indicators) ...................................................................... 16

1.6.6 Stepper Motor Driver ................................................................................................... 17

1.6.7 On-Board A to D Converter ADC0831........................................................................... 18

1.6.8 RS232 Line Driver for UART .......................................................................................... 18

1.6.9 DC Motor Driver H-Bridge L293D ................................................................................. 19

1.6.10 4 SPDT Relays and Drivers ............................................................................................ 20

1.6.11 8x8 Dot Matrix Display ................................................................................................. 21

2 Tutorial for 8051 ........................................................................................................................... 22

3 Tutorial for AVR ............................................................................................................................ 30

4 Tutorial for PIC16F877 .................................................................................................................. 37

5 Program Burning/ Downloading for AVR and 8051 ..................................................................... 41

6 Program Burning/ Downloading for PIC ....................................................................................... 44

7 Practical ........................................................................................................................................ 48

7.1 Practical No. 1 (Check Signal Key)Increase/Decrease a single binary count on the LEDs at port as shown in hardware connection when a button at port as shown in hardware connection is pressed. ............................................................................................................................................ 48

7.1.1 Hardware Connections: ................................................................................................ 48

7.1.2 Apparatus: .................................................................................................................... 48


7.1.3 Algorithm & Flow Chart: .............................................................................................. 48

7.1.4 AVR Program C Code: ................................................................................................... 49

7.1.5 8051 Program C Code: ................................................................................................. 50

7.1.6 PIC Program C Code: .................................................................................................... 51

7.1.7 Exercise: ....................................................................................................................... 52

7.1.8 Conclusion: ................................................................................................................... 52

7.2 Practical No. 2 (Stepper Motor Control System) ................................................................. 53

7.2.1 Hardware Connections: ............................................................................................... 53

7.2.2 Apparatus: .................................................................................................................... 53

7.2.3 Algorithm ..................................................................................................................... 53


7.2.5 8051 Program C Code: ................................................................................................. 55


7.2.7 Exercise: ....................................................................................................................... 58

7.2.8 Conclusion: ................................................................................................................... 58

7.3 Practical No. 3 (4-Digit Multiplexed 7-Segment Led Driver) Generate pattern in increasing/ decreasing order on 4-digit multiplexed 7-segment display when a button at port as shown in hardware connection is pressed. Set the counting speed of 2 counts per second. ........................ 59


7.3.2 Apparatus: .................................................................................................................... 59

7.3.3 Algorithm ..................................................................................................................... 59


7.3.5 8051 Program C Code: ................................................................................................. 62


7.3.7 Exercise: ....................................................................................................................... 68

7.3.8 Conclusion: ................................................................................................................... 68

7.4 Practical No. 4 (uart_lcd_counting) ..................................................................................... 69


7.4.2 Apparatus: .................................................................................................................... 69

7.4.3 Algorithm ..................................................................................................................... 69


7.4.5 8051 Program C Code: ................................................................................................. 70


7.4.7 Exercise: ....................................................................................................................... 74

7.4.8 Conclusion: ................................................................................................................... 74


7.5 Practical No. 5 (uart_Stringreqst)User press 1, 2, 3, 4 button from keyboard on pc set with baud rate 9600, lcd show massages with respect to number user enter from keyboard. .............. 75


7.5.2 Apparatus: .................................................................................................................... 75

7.5.3 Algorithm ...................................................................................................................... 76


7.5.5 8051 Program C Code: .................................................................................................. 78

7.5.6 PIC Program C Code: ..................................................................................................... 81

7.5.7 Exercise: ........................................................................................................................ 82

7.5.8 Conclusion: ................................................................................................................... 83

7.6 Practical No. 6 (UART DC motor).Use UART with baud rate of 9600bps to receive the speed level (0-9) for a DC Motor from Hyper Terminal. Drive a DC Motor through PWM using timer zero according to received speed level. Also acknowledge by reflecting the received character. .......... 84


7.6.2 Apparatus: .................................................................................................................... 84

7.6.3 Algorithm ...................................................................................................................... 84


7.6.5 8051 Program C Code: .................................................................................................. 85


7.6.7 Exercise: ........................................................................................................................ 88

7.6.8 Conclusion: ................................................................................................................... 88

7.7 Practical NO. 7(Dot Matrix Display) Display 0-9 counting on dot matrix display interface via port as shown in hardware connection and port as shown in hardware connection using timer interrupt refresh the display in 2ms. ................................................................................................ 89


7.7.2 Apparatus: .................................................................................................................... 89

7.7.3 Algorithm ...................................................................................................................... 90


7.7.5 8051 Program C Code: .................................................................................................. 92


7.7.7 Exercise: ........................................................................................................................ 97

7.7.8 Conclusion: ................................................................................................................... 97

7.8 Practical No. 8 (Filling Bottle) ............................................................................................... 98


7.8.2 Apparatus: .................................................................................................................... 98

7.8.3 Algorithm ...................................................................................................................... 99


7.8.4 AVR Program C Code: ................................................................................................. 100

7.8.5 8051 Program C Code: ............................................................................................... 101

7.8.6 PIC Program C Code: .................................................................................................. 105

7.8.7 Exercise: ..................................................................................................................... 106

7.8.8 Conclusion: ................................................................................................................. 106

7.9 Practical No. 9(ADC_UART_LCD) Display the equivalent decimal of ADC input on the LCD module and also send this value through UART with Baud Rate=9600bps................................... 107

7.9.1 Hardware Connections: ............................................................................................. 107

7.9.2 Apparatus: .................................................................................................................. 107

7.9.3 Algorithm ................................................................................................................... 108


7.9.5 8051 Program C Code: ............................................................................................... 110


7.9.7 Exercise: ..................................................................................................................... 116

7.9.8 Conclusion: ................................................................................................................. 116

7.10 Practical No.10 (Frequency Counter) ................................................................................. 117

7.10.1 Hardware Connections: ............................................................................................. 117

7.10.2 Apparatus: .................................................................................................................. 117

7.10.3 Algorithm ................................................................................................................... 117


7.10.5 8051 Program C Code: ............................................................................................... 118


7.10.7 Exercise: ..................................................................................................................... 122

7.10.8 Conclusion: ................................................................................................................. 122


1 Hardware Details MTK V15-6

1.1 Schematic


1.2 Board Layout


1.3 Printed Circuit Board

1.3.1 Top view


1.3.2 Bottom view


1.4 Soldered Board MTK V15-6

1.4.1 Unpowered Board


1.4.2 Powered Board


1.5 Component List

LABEL PART

NUMBER

NAME/SPACIFICATION PACKAGE

U1 ATMEGA16 Microcontroller 40pin PDIP U2 AT89S52 Microcontroller 40pin PDIP

U3 PIC16F877A Microcontroller 40pin PDIP U4 Bridge 4pin 2A

U5 ,U13 LM7805 Voltage Regulator

U6 ULN2003 IC 16pin U7 ADC0831 External ADC 8pin

U8 MAX232 IC 16pin U9 L293D IC H Bridge 16pin

U10 ,U11 ULN2803 IC 18pin

Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4 C1815 Transistor PNP Q5,Q6,Q7,Q8 A1015 Transistor PNP

LCD Module 16*2 7 Segment Common

Anode Dot-matrix

DB9FC DB 9 Female Connector R/A 9 Pin RLY1RLY2 RLY3RL4

Relay 12Volt

CON1,CON2 Crimp Shell Connector 5 pin

CON 3,CON4 Crimp Shell Connector 6 pin

CON7,CON8, CON9,CON10, CON11,CON12, CON13,CON14, CON15,CON16, CON17,CON5

Crimp Shell Connector 2 pin

VER 5k Multi turn pot

HD1,HD2,HD3, HD4,HD5,HD6, HD7,HD8,HD11 ,HD12,HD13, HD15,HD17

Single Line Header Male 8pin


HD21,HD22

HD10,HD14, HD25,HD18


HD9,HD26 Single Line Header Male 7pin HD20,HD24, HD19


HD16 Single Line Header Male 16pin

D1,D2,D3,D4, 1N4007 Diodes D9,D10 1N4148 Diodes

D5,D6,D7,D8, 1N5408 Diodes

XTL1,XTL2, XTL3

11.0592MH Crystal

LED2,LED3, LED4 ,LED5

GREEN

LED6 ,LED1 RED SW1,SW2,SW3 SW3,SW4,SW5 SW6,SW7

Micro Switch

C4,C5,C6,C7, C8,C9

22 µf Capacitor Non Polar

C10C11C12 C13

10 µf Capacitor Polar

C3C15 470 µf Capacitor Polar C1C14 1000 µf Capacitor Polar

R1,R2,R3,R4, R5,R6,R7,R8, R9,R10,R11, R12,R13,R27, R40

R 1KΩ Resistances 1/4Watt

R14,R15,R16, R17,R18,R19, R20,R21

330Ω Resistances 1/4Watt

R22,R23,R24, R25

15KΩ Resistances 1/4Watt

R28,R29,R30, R31

15KΩ Resistances 1/4Watt


R32,R33,R34, R35,R36,R37, R38,R39

330Ω Resistances 1/4Watt

R42 470Ω Resistances 1/4Watt

R26,R41 4.7KΩ Resistances 1/4Watt

CON18 Terminal Block R/A 2pin


1.6 Hardware Blocks MTK V15-6

1.6.1 Power Supply, Reset and Crystal

1.6.2 PIC, AVR and 8051 based Microcontrollers


1.6.3 4-Digit Multiplexed Common Anode 7 Segment Display


1.6.4 LCD Display Module

1.6.5 8-bit LED Bar Graph Display (Indicators)


1.6.6 Stepper Motor Driver


1.6.7 On-Board A to D Converter ADC0831

1.6.8 RS232 Line Driver for UART


1.6.9 DC Motor Driver H-Bridge L293D


1.6.10 4 SPDT Relays and Drivers


1.6.11 8x8 Dot Matrix Display


2 Tutorial for 8051

Below are the system requirements for Kiel µ vision, The IDE for programming 8051

microcontrollers.

Operating system requirement

Kiel Microvision supports XP, Vista, Windows7, windows8 and windows8.1 (32bit/64bit).

Hardware Requirement

Minimum Recommended

Memory 1GB 4GB

Disk space 350MB* 2GB

Processor 1.5GHz single core Dual core

Disk space listed depends on features selected during installation. Does not include

temporary space required by the installer.

Note that the most important requirement is memory. 2GB of memory or more memory is

highly recommended, it will run with 1GB but it will be slow.

Installation Insert the CD, open the folder of KIEL UVISION9 and extract KIEL901

This is a full version of kiel.

1. Run C51V901.exe

2. Follow read me file instruction

3. Install

5. Run and Enjoy.


Start a new project in 8051 controller. 1. Project> New uvision Project.


Make a folder for your Project

Save Project file in folder.


Select your device for your Project.

Open a new file for your Project. Type your codes.


Save file with the format ****.c.

Add your ****.c file in source group.


Press “ADD FILE “ Button and add ****.c file of your Project file.


Now you can compile it. As you see file is compile but there are no hex file generated.


For hex file you have to make a check on “Creat HEX file” in project menu Option for target.

Now hex file generated while compile your file.


3 Tutorial for AVR

Below are the system requirements for Code vision AVR, the IDE for programming AVR

microcontrollers


It is supported by XP, Vista, Windows7, windows8 and windows8.1 (32bit/64bit).


Minimum Recommended

Memory 1GB 4GB







Installation Insert the CD, open the folder of CODE VISION AVR.

This is a full version of CODE VISION AVR.

1. Run Setup.exe.

2. Follow read me file instruction.

3. Install.

4.Copy file “cvavr” from crack folder and paste it in “c:\program file\cvavr\bin\” or drive where you

install code vision avr in “bin” folder.

5. Run and Enjoy.


Start a new project in 8051 controller. 1. Project> New µ vision Project.

Press new file button as shown in above image. Select Project in file type and press ok.

Press yes Button for wizard for new project. Wizard can help you to set preset values for I/O ports, timer interrupts etc.


As shown in below image you can chose xtal, chip, also set your codes for Lcd I/O ports etc.


Press ”Generate program” Button, as shown in image Make a new folder for your project.


And save project file in new folder you make.

After project wizard is finished type your codes.


After compile the project as you see there is no error.


After compile the project as you see in image there are many files for project.

In “EXE” folder you have hex file for burn in atmaga16.


4 Tutorial for PIC16F877

Below are the system requirements for Code Composer Studio


CCS supported by XP, Vista, Windows7, windows8 and windows8.1 (32bit/64bit).


Minimum Recommended

Memory 1GB 4GB







Installation Insert the CD, open the folder of pic ccs compiler

This is a full version of CCS's PIC IDE. It is PCWH however it is fully unlocked to Program PCW's PIC's

also. Installation Instructions:

1. Run pcwhupd.exe

2. Install

3. Run Patcher and Patch Installation

4. Replace pcb, pch, and pcm.crg in the installation directory with the ones provided in this folder

5. Run and Enjoy.


Start the CCS

First of all close all the programs

Select a New Source File


Save a file in a specific folder

Make a program


Compile a program

When compiling the program this window will appear

eck this window that program is successfully build or not

When program is successfully build hex file automatically generated in the folder where program is saved.


5 Program Burning/ Downloading for AVR and 8051

Below are the system requirements for program downloader for AVR and 8051


XP, Vista, Windows7 (32bit/64bit).


Minimum Recommended

Memory 1GB 4GB







Installation Insert the CD, open the folder of progisp172 - GUI Software.

This is a full version of progisp172 - GUI Software.

1. Plug USB ISP in PC

2. Install Hardware driver from ‘USBasp-win-driver-x86-x64-ia64-v1.2.4’ folder

3. Run progisp.exe from ‘progisp172 - GUI Software’ folder. (installation is not required)

After Installation of driver Run Prog ISP as circled below.


Select Microcontroller and Hex file for burning then press auto with suitable checks as mentioned below


Now press ‘Ctrl + U’ to Program Fuses. Following page will appear.

Press ‘Read’ at left. You will watch current state of Fuse bits. Now set above state by clicking on individual bits. Finally write above Fuse state. This will enable external crystal and serial ISP mode. Warning: If ‘SPIEN’ bit is set to ‘1’ then In-System Programming (ISP) mode will be disabled and can now only be enabled by programming the chip fuses using Universal (Parallel) programmer.


6 Program Burning/ Downloading for PIC

Below are the system requirements for PICKIT 2


PICKIT 2 supports XP, Vista, Windows7, windows8 and windows8.1 (32bit/64bit).


Minimum Recommended

Memory 1GB 4GB



Disk space listed depends on features selected during installation. Does not

include temporary space required by the installer.

Note that the most important requirement is memory. 2GB of memory or more

memory is highly recommended, it will run with 1GB but it will be slow.

Installation

Insert the CD, open the folder of PICKIT 2 and run the setup

Note:

If setup is not running and give the error of installing frame work

So, follow these steps

Open control panel -->goto program -->click on turn windows features on or off -->check on .NET

FRAMEWORK 3.5(include .net 2.0 and 3.0)-->then click ok

Downloading and installing will automatically start PICkit 2 PROGRAMMER APPLICATION tutorial The PICkit 2 Programmer application allows you to program all supported devices listed in the PICkit 2. The programming interface appears as shown in below


Steps of write the hex file

1. Installing the PICkit 2 Hardware Connect usb with pc and connector with the board of pickit2.

2. Launching the PICkit 2 Programmer Application

When application start, automatically device will be detect


3. Importing a Hex File


4. Writing the Program to the Device

5. Programming successfully done


7 Practical

7.1 Practical No. 1 (Check Signal Key)Increase/Decrease a single binary count on the

LEDs at port as shown in hardware connection when a button at port as shown in

hardware connection is pressed. *Soft copy of practical is available in the folder “Check Signal Key”

7.1.1 Hardware Connections:

Connection for AVR LEDs(HD17) at PORTB(HD1) Button(HD25) at PC0 or PC1(HD2)

Connection for 8051 LEDs(HD17) at PORT1(HD5) Button(HD25) at P3.6 or P3.7(HD6)

7.1.2 Apparatus:

Computer System with windows XP / windows 7

Microcontroller ATmega16/AT89S52/PIC16F877

ISP cable for Program downloading

Star Engineering Training kit MTK V15-6 with accessories

Hardware attachment cables for interface (Female jumper wires)

7.1.3 Algorithm & Flow Chart:

We have to scan two push buttons continuously till any one is

pressed. On pressing the button we will execute the task only one time

(Increment/Decrement of binary count on LEDs). The flow Chart is given

below


7.1.4 AVR Program C Code:

#include <mega16.h> #include <delay.h> #define SW1 PINC.0 #define SW2 PINC.1

START

N

Y

N

Y

PB1 Pressed

PB2 Pressed

A

B

PBI Pressed

CNT++

NOT(CNT)

P1=CNT

Delay 15ms

Delay 15ms

PB2 Pressed

CNT--

NOT(CNT)

P1=CNT

Delay 15ms

Delay 15ms

Initialize

A => CHK_PB1

B => CHK_PB2

Initial value of CNT is 00H

LEDs are connected at P1

LEDs are active low


void main(void) // Main loop unsigned char cnt=0; // Declare your local variables here PORTB=0xFF; // To enable internal pull-up resister DDRB=0xFF; // For outward direction PORTC.0=1; // To enable internal pull-up resister PORTC.1=1; // To enable internal pull-up resister while (1) while (SW1==0) // Loop while key is pressed at PD6, Active low delay_ms(15); cnt++; // For Increment PORTB=~cnt; // Invert the variable value to drive active low LED's while (SW1==0); // Empty loop, Wait to release the key delay_ms(15); ; while (SW2==0) // Loop while key is pressed at PD7, Active low delay_ms(15); cnt--; // For Decrement PORTB=~cnt; // Invert the variable value to drive active low LED's while (SW2==0) // Empty loop, Wait to release the key ; delay_ms(15); ; ;

7.1.5 8051 Program C Code:

#include <at89x51.h> #define XTAL 11.059200 //Crystal frequency #define XDIVIDER 12.0 //Divider #define delay_1ms 164 * (XTAL/XDIVIDER) sbit SW1 = P3^6; sbit SW2 = P3^7; void delay_ms(unsigned int i); void delay(unsigned char j) ; void main (void) unsigned char cnt=0; while (1)


while (SW1==0) // Wait for switch at p3_6 press P1 = ~cnt; //Invert it and send it to PORT 1 cnt++; // increamentcnt while (SW2==0) // Wait for switch at p3_7 release delay_ms(25); // call wait function while (SW2==0) // Wait for switch at p3_6 press P1 = ~cnt; //Invert it and send it to PORT 1 cnt--; // Decreamentcnt while (SW2==0) // Wait for switch at p3_7 release delay_ms(25); //call wait function void delay_ms(unsigned int i) for(;i!=0x00;i--) delay(delay_1ms); void delay(unsigned char j) for (;j!=0x00;j--)

7.1.6 PIC Program C Code:

#include <16f877a.h> //include pic16f877a header file #use delay(clock=20M) // define clock frequency #FUSES HS,NOWDT // define fuses high speed and no watch dog timer void main () // main loop int a,b,cnt=0; port_b_pullups(true); // internally pullups port b


while(1) a=input(PIN_b0); //input state is saved in int a b=input(PIN_b1); //input state is saved in int b if (a==0) delay_ms(15); cnt++; output_d(~cnt); // sent data in portD delay_ms(15); if (b==0) delay_ms(15); cnt--; output_d(~cnt); delay_ms(15);

7.1.7 Exercise:

Type the program, assemble/compile it, and make its object file and

hex file.

Now download the HEX file in Microcontroller’s code memory

Use star trainer to run/execute the program and check results

Now make a program and its flowchart with the same objective.

7.1.8 Conclusion:

We can use the program format for scanning/checking multiple push

buttons.

We can also use the program format for executing tasks on key down

or key up events.


7.2 Practical No. 2 (Stepper Motor Control System)

Run a stepper motor in clockwise direction with maximum speed, when a button at port bit as shown in hardware connection is pressed, in CW or CCW and motor should continue to run till key is pressed. *Soft copy of practical is available in the folder “Stepper motor”


Connection for AVR MOTOR(HD18) at PORTB(HD1) Button(HD25) at PC0 or PC1(HD2)

Connection for 8051 MOTOR(HD18) at PORT1(HD5) Button(HD25) at P3.6 or P3.7(HD6)

7.2.2 Apparatus:






7.2.3 Algorithm

Run a stepper motor in clockwise direction with maximum speed, when a

button at PD6 is pressed in CW, when a button at PD7 is pressed in CCW and

motor should continue to run till key is pressed.

START

N

Y

N

Y

PB1 Pressed

PB2 Pressed

A

B

Initialize

Delay

Delay

Send step cw to Stepper motor

Send step ccw to Stepper motor



#include <mega16.h>

#include <delay.h>

#define SW1 PINC.0

#define SW2 PINC.1

void main(void) // Main Loop

DDRB=0x0F; // For outward direction

PORTC.0=1; // To enable internal pull-up resisters

PORTC.1=1; // To enable internal pull-up resisters

while (1)

while(SW1==0)

if(PORTB.0==1)

PORTB.0=0;

PORTB.1=1;

else if(PORTB.1==1)

PORTB.1=0;

PORTB.2=1;

else if(PORTB.2==1)

PORTB.2=0;

PORTB.3=1;

else

PORTB.3=0;

PORTB.0=1;

delay_ms(50);

while(SW2==0)

if(PORTB.3==1)

PORTB.3=0;

PORTB.2=1;

else if(PORTB.2==1)

PORTB.2=0;

PORTB.1=1;

else if(PORTB.1==1)

PORTB.1=0;

PORTB.0=1;

else


PORTB.0=0;

PORTB.3=1;

delay_ms(50);

;


#include <at89x51.h> #define XTAL 11.059200 //Crystal frequency #define XDIVIDER 12.0 //Divider #define delay_1ms 164 * (XTAL/XDIVIDER) sbit SW1 = P3^6; sbit SW2 = P3^7; #define LOW 0 #define HIGH 1 void delay_ms(unsigned int i); void delay(unsigned char j) ; void main(void) SW1 = 0x01; SW2 = 0x01; while(1) if(SW1==0) P1=0x66; delay_ms(100); P1=0xCC; delay_ms(100); P1=0x99; delay_ms(100); P1=0x33; delay_ms(100); if(SW2 == 0) P1=0x66; delay_ms(100); P1=0x33; delay_ms(100); P1=0x99; delay_ms(100); P1=0xCC;


delay_ms(100); void delay_ms(unsigned int i) for(;i!=0x00;i--) delay(delay_1ms); void delay(unsigned char j) for (;j!=0x00;j--)


#include <16f877a.h> //include pic16f877a header file #use delay(clock=20M) // define clock frequency #FUSES HS,NOWDT // define fuses high speed and no watch dog timer void main () // main loop int a,b,c,d,e,f; port_b_pullups(true);// internally pullups port b while(1) e=input_state(pin_b0); //input state is saved in int f=input_state(pin_b1); while(e==0) //loop will continue until e==1 a=input_state(pin_d0); b=input_state(pin_d1); c=input_state(pin_d2); d=input_state(pin_d3); e=input_state(pin_b0); f=input_state(pin_b1); if(a==1)


output_low(PIN_D0); // pin D0 low output_high(PIN_D1); // pin d1 high delay_ms(500); else if(b==1) output_low(PIN_D1); output_high(PIN_D2); delay_ms(500); else if(c==1) output_low(PIN_D2); output_high(PIN_D3); delay_ms(500); else output_low(PIN_D3); output_high(PIN_D0); delay_ms(500); if(f==0) a=input_state(pin_d0); b=input_state(pin_d1); c=input_state(pin_d2); d=input_state(pin_d3); e=input_state(pin_b0); f=input_state(pin_b1); if(d==1) output_low(PIN_D3); output_high(PIN_D2); delay_ms(500); else if(c==1) output_low(PIN_D2); output_high(PIN_D1); delay_ms(500);


else if(b==1) output_low(PIN_D1); output_high(PIN_D0); delay_ms(500); else output_low(PIN_D0); output_high(PIN_D3); delay_ms(500);

7.2.7 Exercise:

Type the program, assemble/ compile it, make its object file and hex

file.


Use MTK V15-6 to run/ execute the program and check results.

Run a stepper motor in anti clockwise direction with maximum speed,

when a button at PD6 or PD7 is pressed, motor should continue to run

till key is pressed rather cw or ccw.

7.2.8 Conclusion:

We can also use the program format for executing the tasks after

certain duration of key press.

The program is also giving us the concept of giving a little

security on the operations executed by pressing a key.


7.3 Practical No. 3 (4-Digit Multiplexed 7-Segment Led Driver) Generate pattern in

increasing/ decreasing order on 4-digit multiplexed 7-segment display when a button at

port as shown in hardware connection is pressed. Set the counting speed of 2 counts

per second. *Soft copy of practical is available in the folder “single_digit_7seg”.


Connection for AVR 7-Segment(HD15) at PORTB(HD1) Button(HD25) at PC0 or PC1(HD2) Digit Select(HD14) PORTA(HD3) Lower Nibble

Connection for 8051 LEDs(HD15) at PORT1(HD5) Button(HD25) at P3.6 or P3.7(HD6) Digit Select(HD14) Port0(HD7) Higher Nibble

7.3.2 Apparatus:






7.3.3 Algorithm

Display decimal pattern on 4-Digit 7-Segment display with increasing/decreasing order when button on PORTD, PD6 or PD7 is pressed.

START

N

N

Y

PB1 Pressed

PB2 Pressed

A

B

Initialize

Delay

Delay

Cnt=cnt+1

Cnt=cnt-1



#include <mega16.h> #include <delay.h> #include <ATKv10_1.h> #define SW1 PINC.0 #define SW2 PINC.1 unsigned int cnt; flash unsigned char SegCod[16]=0x3F, 0x06, 0x5B, 0x4F, 0x66, 0x6D, 0x7D, 0x07, 0x7F, 0x6F, 0x77, 0x7C, 0x39, 0x5E, 0x79, 0x71; unsigned char GetSegDig16Bit(unsigned char Number, unsigned char digit) unsigned char dig1, dig2, dig3, dig4;

Refresh Display

If digit1 selected

N

Y Disable digit1

Enable digit1

7Seg port=Selected Digit code of cnt

If digit2 selected

N

Y Disable digit2

Enable digit3


If digit3 selected

N

Y Disable digit3

Enable digit4


Disable digit4

Enable digit1


Return


dig1 =SegCod[Number%10]; Number/=10; dig2 =SegCod[Number%10]; Number/=10; dig3 =SegCod[Number%10]; Number/=10; dig4 =0x3F; if(digit==1) return dig1; else if(digit==2) return dig2; else if(digit==3) return dig3; else if(digit==4) return dig4; else return 0; interrupt [TIM0_COMP] void RefreshDisplay(void) if (PORTA.0==0) PORTA.0=1; PORTA.1=0; PORTB=GetSegDig16Bit(cnt,2); else if (PORTA.1==0) PORTA.1=1; PORTA.2=0; PORTB=GetSegDig16Bit(cnt,3); else if (PORTA.2==0) PORTA.2=1; PORTA.3=0; PORTB=GetSegDig16Bit(cnt,4); else PORTA.3=1; PORTA.0=0; PORTB=GetSegDig16Bit(cnt,1);


void main(void) DDRB=0xFF; // For outward direction PORTA=0xFE; DDRA=0xFF; // For outward direction PORTC.0=1; // To enable internal pull-up resistor PORTC.1=1; // To enable internal pull-up resistor TCCR0=0x0D; // Timer0, ctc mode, prescaler = 1024 OCR0=39; // Load OCR0 TIMSK=0x02; // Timer0 o/p compare match int. enable SREG.7=1; // Enable globle interrupt while (1) while (SW1==0) // Monitor pinc.0 cnt++; // Increment in verible delay_ms(50); ; while (SW2==0) // Monitor pinc.1 cnt--; // Decrement in verible delay_ms(50); ; ;


#include <at89x51.h> #define XTAL 11.059200 //Crystal frequency #define XDIVIDER 12.0 //Divider #define delay_1ms 164 * (XTAL/XDIVIDER) #define DS1 P2_7 #define DS2 P2_6 #define DS3 P2_5 #define DS4 P2_4 #define SW1 P3_6 #define SW2 P3_7 typedef unsigned char byte; typedef unsigned int word; byte dig1=0x3F,dig2=0x3F,dig3=0x3F,dig4=0x3F;


unsigned char SegCod[16]=0x3F, 0x06, 0x5B, 0x4F, 0x66, 0x6D, 0x7D, 0x07, 0x7F, 0x6F, 0x77, 0x7C, 0x39, 0x5E, 0x79, 0x71; void UpdateDigits(word HexVal); void delay_ms(unsigned int i); void delay(unsigned char j); unsigned int cnt; unsigned char GetSegDig16Bit(unsigned char Number, unsigned char digit) unsigned char dig1, dig2, dig3, dig4; dig1 =SegCod[Number%10]; Number/=10; dig2 =SegCod[Number%10]; Number/=10; dig3 =SegCod[Number%10]; Number/=10; dig4 =0x3F; if(digit==1) return dig1; else if(digit==2) return dig2; else if(digit==3) return dig3; else if(digit==4) return dig4; else return 0; void timer0_int (void) interrupt 1 //Interrupt for timer 0 TL0=0x78; TH0=0xEC; if (DS1==0) DS1=1; P0=GetSegDig16Bit(cnt,2); DS2=0; else if (DS2==0) DS2=1; P0=GetSegDig16Bit(cnt,3); DS3=0;


else if (DS3==0) DS3=1; P0=GetSegDig16Bit(cnt,4); DS4=0; else DS4=1; P0=GetSegDig16Bit(cnt,1); DS1=0; void main(void) word count=0; // Declare your local variables here TMOD = 0x01; // Timer 0, Mode 1 (16 bit mode) TL0 = 0x78; // Timer 0 low byte TH0 = 0xEC; // Timer 0 high byte TR0 = 1; //Start timer 0 EA = 1 ; //Globle enable ET0 = 1 ; //Enable Timer 0 interrupt P0=0x70; while(1) while (SW1==0) // Wait for switch at p3_6 press cnt++; // Update count while increament delay_ms(250); // call wait function while (SW2==0) // Wait for switch at p3_7 press cnt--; // Update count while decreament delay_ms(250); // call wait function void UpdateDigits(word HexVal) // Function for set digit value dig1 =SegCod[HexVal&0x000F]; //Set digit 1 value dig2 =SegCod[(HexVal>>4)&0x000F]; //Set digit 2 value dig3 =SegCod[(HexVal>>8)&0x000F]; //Set digit 3 value dig4 =SegCod[(HexVal>>12)&0x000F]; //Set digit 4 value


void delay_ms(unsigned int i) //Function for DELAY for(;i!=0x00;i--) delay(delay_1ms); void delay(unsigned char j) for (;j!=0x00;j--)


#include <16f877a.h> //include pic16f877a header file #use delay(clock=20M) // define clock frequency #FUSES HS,NOWDT // define fuses high speed and no watch dog timer int a,b,c,d,e,f; unsigned int cnt; unsigned char SegCod[16]=0x3F, 0x06,0x5B,0X4F,0X66,0X6D,0X7D,0X07,0X7F,0X6F,0X77,0X7C,0X39,0X5E,0X79,0X71; unsigned char GetSegDig16Bit(unsigned char Number,unsigned char digit) // function unsigned char dig1,dig2,dig3,dig4; dig1 = segCod[Number%10]; Number/=10; dig2= segCod[Number%10]; Number/=10; dig3= segCod[Number%10]; Number/=10;


dig4=0x3F; if(digit==1) return dig1; else if (digit==2) return dig2; else if(digit==3) return dig3; else if(digit==4) return dig4; else return 0; void main () // main loop port_b_pullups(true); setup_timer_1 ( T1_INTERNAL | T1_DIV_BY_4 ); enable_interrupts(INT_TIMER1); enable_interrupts(GLOBAL); while(1) e=input(PIN_b0); f=input(PIN_b1); while(e==0) e=input(PIN_b0); cnt++; delay_ms(300); while(f==0)


f=input(PIN_b1); cnt--; delay_ms(300); #int_timer1 //interrupt timer routine void timer0interrupt(void) a=input_state(PIN_c0); b=input_state(PIN_c1); c=input_state(PIN_c2); d=input_state(PIN_c3); if(a==0) output_high(PIN_C0); //delay_us(20); output_d(GetSegDig16Bit(cnt,2)); //delay_us(20); output_low(PIN_C1); else if(b==0) output_high(PIN_C1); //delay_us(20); output_d(GetSegDig16Bit(cnt,3)); //delay_us(20); output_low(PIN_C2); else if(c==0) output_high(PIN_C2); //delay_us(20); output_d(GetSegDig16Bit(cnt,4)); //delay_us(20); output_low(PIN_C3);


else output_high(PIN_C3); //delay_us(20); output_d(GetSegDig16Bit(cnt,1)); //delay_us(20); output_low(PIN_C0); //set_timer1(63974); //timer1 is 16bit 2^16=65536 set_timer1(59286); //timer1 is 16bit 2^16=65536

7.3.7 Exercise:


hex file.


Use star trainer to run/ execute the program and check results

Generate the binary pattern in increasing/decreasing order on 4digit

multiplexed 7 segment display at PORTB, when a button at PD6 or PD7

is pressed. Set the counting speed of 1 count per second.

Now make a program with the same objective but for decimal pattern

(counting)

7.3.8 Conclusion:

We can also use the program format for executing the repetitive

tasks with constant speed.

The program is also giving us the concept of deterministic pattern

generation (7 segment codes etc.)


7.4 Practical No. 4 (uart_lcd_counting)

Increase a variable after each second and display its decimal equivalent on the LCD and send it also to the USART. Let baud rate 9600 bps with XTAL = 11.0592MHZ *Soft copy of practical is available in the folder “uart_lcd_counting”


Connection for AVR LCD(HD16) at PORTC(HD4) RS(HD16) at PD6(HD2) or EN(HD16) at PD7(HD2) RX(HD20) at PD0(HD2) or TX(HD20) at PD1(HD2)

Connection for 8051 LCD(HD16) at PORT2(HD8) RS(HD16) at P0.6(HD7) or EN(HD16) at P0.7(HD7) RX(HD20) at P3.0(HD2) or TX(HD20) at P3.1(HD2)

7.4.2 Apparatus:






7.4.3 Algorithm

Increase a variable after each second and display its decimal equivalent on the LCD and send it also to the USART

START

A

Initialize

Cnt=cnt+1

Send ASCII digit of cnt on LCD

and UART



#include <mega16.h>

#include <delay.h>

#include <ATKv10_1.h>

void main(void)

unsigned int count=0; // Declare your local variables here

Init_LCD();

UCSRB=0x08; //Enable the transmit

UBRRL=71; //9600 baud rate on 11.0592MHz

UBRRH=0;

wrLCDcmd(0x80);

LCD_msg("Counting= ");

delay_ms(2000);

while (1)

wrLCDcmd(0xCA);

UpdateDigits(count++);

delay_ms(250);


#include <at89x51.h> #define XTAL 11.059200 //Crystal frequency #define XDIVIDER 12.0 //Divider #define delay_1ms 164 * (XTAL/XDIVIDER) #define regs P0_6 #define en P0_7 #define lcd P2 #define LOW 0 #define HIGH 1 void LCD_msg(char *p); //unsigned char flash *p void wrLCDnibble(unsigned char L); void wrLCDchr(unsigned char display); void Init_LCD(); void wrLCDcmd(unsigned char command); void delay_ms(unsigned int i); void delay(unsigned char j) ; void UpdateDigits(unsigned int Number); void Bin2BCD(unsigned char bin);


void main(void) unsigned char cnt=0; SCON = 0x50; TMOD = 0x20; //use timer 1, 8-bit auto reload TH1 = -3; //9600 baud rate TR1 = 1; //start timer 1 en=0; Init_LCD(); wrLCDcmd(0x82); LCD_msg("LCD Counting"); while(1) wrLCDcmd(0xC0); Bin2BCD(cnt); cnt++;

delay_ms(100); /* call wait function */ void wrLCDnibble(unsigned char L) unsigned char y=0; y = lcd& 0x0F; L &= 0xF0; lcd = L | y; en=1; delay_ms(1); en=0; delay_ms(15); void wrLCDcmd(unsigned char x) delay_ms(1); regs=0; wrLCDnibble(x); x = x << 4; wrLCDnibble(x); void wrLCDchr(unsigned char x) delay_ms(2); regs=1; wrLCDnibble(x);


x = x << 4; wrLCDnibble(x); void LCD_msg(char *p) while(*p!=0) wrLCDchr(*p); SBUF=*p++; void Init_LCD(void) regs=0; en=0; delay_ms(50); wrLCDnibble(0x30); delay_ms(50); wrLCDnibble(0x30); delay_ms(50); wrLCDnibble(0x30); delay_ms(50); wrLCDnibble(0x20); delay_ms(50); wrLCDcmd(0x28); delay_ms(50); wrLCDcmd(0x01); delay_ms(50); wrLCDcmd(0x0C); delay_ms(50); wrLCDcmd(0x06); delay_ms(50); void UpdateDigits(unsigned int Number) unsigned char dig1, dig2, dig3, dig4, dig5; dig1 =(Number%10)+0x30; Number/=10; dig2 =(Number%10)+0x30; Number/=10; dig3 =(Number%10)+0x30; Number/=10; dig4 =(Number%10)+0x30; Number/=10; dig5 =(Number%10)+0x30;


SBUF=dig5; wrLCDchr(dig5); SBUF=dig4; wrLCDchr(dig4); SBUF=dig3; wrLCDchr(dig3); SBUF=dig2; wrLCDchr(dig2); SBUF=dig1; wrLCDchr(dig1); SBUF=0x0A; void delay_ms(unsigned int i) for(;i!=0x00;i--) delay(delay_1ms); void delay(unsigned char j) for (;j!=0x00;j--) void Bin2BCD(unsigned char bin) unsigned char dig1, dig2,dig3; dig1=bin%10; bin=bin/10; dig2=bin%10; bin=bin/10; dig3=bin; dig1=dig1|0x30; dig2=dig2|0x30; dig3=dig3|0x30; wrLCDchr(dig3); SBUF=dig3; while(TI==0) TI=0; wrLCDchr(dig2); SBUF=dig2; while(TI==0) TI=0; wrLCDchr(dig1);


SBUF=dig1; while(TI==0) TI=0; SBUF='\r'; while(TI==0) TI=0;


#include <16f877a.h> //include pic16f877a header file #use delay(clock=20M) // define clock frequency #FUSES HS,NOWDT // define fuses high speed and no watch dog timer #use rs232(baud=9600, xmit=PIN_C6,rcv=PIN_C7) //define baoude rate and transmitter and receiver pins #include <LCD Driver.c> // load lcd driver void main () // main loop unsigned int cnt=0; lcd_init(); while(1) lcd_gotoxy(1,1); printf(lcd_putc,"Counting=%d ",cnt ); // print on lcd printf("Counting=%d ",cnt); //print on hyperterminal cnt++; delay_ms(1000);

7.4.7 Exercise:


hex file.


Use MTK V15-6 to run/ execute the program and check results

Now write a C language program for ATmega16/AT89S52/PIC16F877 to

transmit the count on usart and lcd continuously.

7.4.8 Conclusion:






7.5 Practical No. 5 (uart_Stringreqst)User press 1, 2, 3, 4 button from keyboard on pc

set with baud rate 9600, lcd show massages with respect to number user enter from

keyboard.

*Soft copy of practical is available in the folder “uart_Stringreqst”


Connection for AVR LCD(HD16) at PORTC(HD4) RS(HD16) at PD6(HD2) or EN(HD16) at PD7(HD2) RX(HD20) at PD0(HD2) or TX(HD20) at PD1(HD2)

Connection for 8051 LCD(HD16) at PORT2(HD8) RS(HD16) at P0.6(HD7) or EN(HD16) at P0.7(HD7) RX(HD20) at P3.0(HD2) or TX(HD20) at P3.1(HD2)

7.5.2 Apparatus:







7.5.3 Algorithm

User press 1, 2, 3, 4 button from keyboard on pc set with baud rate 9600, lcd show massages with respect to number user enter from keyboard.

If Character=”1”

N

Y

Clear LCD

Show massage1

START

Initialize

Delay


N

Y

Clear LCD

Show massage2

Delay


N

Y

Clear LCD

Show massage4

Delay


N

Y

Clear LCD

Show massage4

Delay

Wait for new character from UART



#include <mega16.h> #include <delay.h> #include <ATKv10_1.h> void main(void) Init_LCD(); UCSRB=0x18; //ENABLE receive and tranmit UBRRL=71; //9600 baudrate UBRRH=0; Wait4TxC(0x0D); //0x0D= new line UDR=0x0A; wrLCDcmd(0xC3); LCD_msg("----------------"); while (1) Wait4RxC(); if(UDR=='1') UDR=0x0D; Wait4TxC(0x31); UDR=0x0A; wrLCDcmd(0x83); LCD_msg("First Message"); else if(UDR=='2') UDR=0x0D; Wait4TxC(0x32); UDR=0x0A; wrLCDcmd(0x83); LCD_msg("Second Message"); else if(UDR=='3') UDR=0x0D; Wait4TxC(0x33); UDR=0x0A; wrLCDcmd(0x83); LCD_msg("Third Message"); else UDR=0x0D;


Wait4TxC(0x34); UDR=0x0A; wrLCDcmd(0x83); LCD_msg("Press 1, 2 or 3");


#include <at89x51.h> #define XTAL 11.059200 //Crystal frequency #define XDIVIDER 12.0 //Divider #define delay_1ms 164 * (XTAL/XDIVIDER) #define regs P0_6 #define en P0_7 #define lcd P2 #define LOW 0 #define HIGH 1 void LCD_msg(char *p); //unsigned char flash *p void wrLCDnibble(unsigned char L); void wrLCDchr(unsigned char display); void Init_LCD(); void wrLCDcmd(unsigned char command); void delay_ms(unsigned int i); void delay(unsigned char j) ; void UpdateDigits(unsigned int Number); void main(void) unsigned char My_byte; SCON = 0x50; TMOD = 0x20; TH1 = -3; TR1 = 1; en=0; Init_LCD(); wrLCDcmd(0x82); LCD_msg("LCD Massage"); while(1) P1_0=~P1_0; // delay_ms(500); while (RI==1)


My_byte=SBUF; if(My_byte==0x31) wrLCDcmd(0x0C0); // To write the Command byte on LCD LCD_msg("M. Irfan"); // To write a massege on LCD delay_ms(100); if(My_byte==0x32) wrLCDcmd(0x0C0); // To write the Command byte on LCD LCD_msg("Juma Khan"); // To write a massege on LCD delay_ms(100); if(My_byte==0x33) wrLCDcmd(0x0C0); // To write the Command byte on LCD LCD_msg("Muneeb Alam"); // To write a massege on LCD delay_ms(100); if(My_byte==0x34) wrLCDcmd(0x0C0); // To write the Command byte on LCD LCD_msg("Mohsin Shahid"); // To write a massege on LCD delay_ms(100); RI=0; ; void wrLCDnibble(unsigned char L) unsigned char y=0; y = lcd & 0x0F; L &= 0xF0; lcd = L | y; en=1; delay_ms(1); en=0; delay_ms(15); void wrLCDcmd(unsigned char x) delay_ms(1); regs=0;


wrLCDnibble(x); x = x << 4; wrLCDnibble(x); void wrLCDchr(unsigned char x) delay_ms(2); regs=1; wrLCDnibble(x); x = x << 4; wrLCDnibble(x); void LCD_msg(char *p) while(*p!=0) wrLCDchr(*p); delay_ms(2); SBUF=*p++; void Init_LCD(void) regs=0; en=0; delay_ms(50); wrLCDnibble(0x30); delay_ms(50); wrLCDnibble(0x30); delay_ms(50); wrLCDnibble(0x30); delay_ms(50); wrLCDnibble(0x20); delay_ms(50); wrLCDcmd(0x28); delay_ms(50); wrLCDcmd(0x01); delay_ms(50); wrLCDcmd(0x0C); delay_ms(50); wrLCDcmd(0x06); delay_ms(50); void UpdateDigits(unsigned int Number)


unsigned char dig1, dig2, dig3, dig4, dig5; dig1 =(Number%10)+0x30; Number/=10; dig2 =(Number%10)+0x30; Number/=10; dig3 =(Number%10)+0x30; Number/=10; dig4 =(Number%10)+0x30; Number/=10; dig5 =(Number%10)+0x30; SBUF=dig5; wrLCDchr(dig5); SBUF=dig4; wrLCDchr(dig4); SBUF=dig3; wrLCDchr(dig3); SBUF=dig2; wrLCDchr(dig2); SBUF=dig1; wrLCDchr(dig1); SBUF=0x0A; void delay_ms(unsigned int i) for(;i!=0x00;i--) delay(delay_1ms); void delay(unsigned char j) for (;j!=0x00;j--)


#include <16f877a.h> //include pic16f877a header file #use delay(clock=20M) // define clock frequency #FUSES HS,NOWDT // define fuses high speed and no watch dog timer #use rs232(baud=9600, xmit=PIN_C6,rcv=PIN_C7) //define baoude rate and transmitter and receiver pins #include <LCD Driver.c> // load lcd driver void main () // main loop


char x=0; lcd_init(); // initializing lcd lcd_gotoxy(1,1); printf(lcd_putc,"-----------------"); while(1) x=getc(); //get character from receiving pin if(x=='1') lcd_gotoxy(1,1); printf(lcd_putc,"FIRST MESSAGE "); delay_ms(100); else if(x=='2') lcd_gotoxy(1,1); printf(lcd_putc,"SECOND MESSAGE "); delay_ms(100); else if(x=='3') lcd_gotoxy(1,1); printf(lcd_putc,"THIRD MESSAGE "); delay_ms(100); else lcd_gotoxy(1,1); printf(lcd_putc,"Press 1, 2 or 3 "); delay_ms(100);

7.5.7 Exercise:

Type the program, assemble/compile it, make its object file and hex

file.


Use MTK V15-6 to run/execute the program and check results.

Now write a C language program to transmit and receive a string of

massage when user press 1, 2, 3.

Now make a program with the same objective but you have to toggle

the LED if the key press duration lies between 4 to 6 seconds.


7.5.8 Conclusion:






7.6 Practical No. 6 (UART DC motor).Use UART with baud rate of 9600bps to receive

the speed level (0-9) for a DC Motor from Hyper Terminal. Drive a DC Motor through

PWM using timer zero according to received speed level. Also acknowledge by

reflecting the received character. *Soft copy of practical is available in the folder “uart_dc_motor”.


Connection for AVR LCD(HD16) at PORTC(HD4) RS(HD16) at PD6(HD2) or EN(HD16) at PD7(HD2) RX(HD20) at PD0(HD2) or TX(HD20) at PD1(HD2) Motor(HD24 “E”) at PORTB.3(HD1)

Connection for 8051 LCD(HD16) at PORT2(HD8) RS(HD16) at P0.6(HD7) or EN(HD16) at P0.7(HD7) RX(HD20) at P3.0(HD2) or TX(HD20) at P3.1(HD2) Motor(HD24 “E”) at P1.3(HD5)

7.6.2 Apparatus:






7.6.3 Algorithm

Control DC motor with RS232(UART Communication),when user press any numeric button On key board from 0-9 then speed of motor increases/deceases.

START

Initialize

Wait for new character from UART

Convert character to 8-bit number as PWM

MODE



#include <mega16.h>

#include <delay.h>


void main(void) // Main loop

unsigned char x=0; // Declare your local variables here

PORTB=0xFF; // To enable internal pull-up resister

DDRB=0xFF; // For outward direction

TCCR0=0x6D; // PWM

OCR0=128;

UCSRB=0x18; // To enable the TxD and RxD

UBRRH=0;

UBRRL=71; // To set the baud rate=9600 with XTAL=11.0952 MHz

Init_LCD(); // To initialized the LCD

while (1)

LCD_msg("Enter Speed Level for DC Motor (0 to 9): ");

Wait4RxC();

x=UDR0;

if((x>='0')&&(x<='9')) // Checking valid value

OCR0=(x-0x30)*28; // For Scaling value 0 to 255

Wait4TxC(x);

Wait4TxC(0x0D);

;


#include <at89x51.h> #define XTAL 11.059200 //Crystal frequency #define XDIVIDER 12.0 //Divider #define delay_1ms 164 * (XTAL/XDIVIDER) #define motor P1_3 #define led_err P1_6 #define LOW 0 #define HIGH 1 #define motor P1_3 //void MSDelay(unsigned int value); void delay_ms(unsigned int i); void delay(unsigned char j); unsigned int x=0,y=20000,z; void timer_0() interrupt 1 if (motor==0) motor=1;


z=0-x; TH0=z/256; TL0=z%256; else motor=0; z=x-y; TH0=z/256; TL0=z%256; void main(void) unsigned char chr=0; SCON = 0x50; //8-bit, 1 stop bit, REN enable TMOD = 0x21; //Timer 1, mode 2(auto-reload) TH1 = 0xfd; //set baud rate 9600 TR1 = 1; //Start timer 1 TR0 = 1; //Start timer 0 ET0 = 1; //Enable Timer 0 overflow flag EA = 1; //Globle Interrupt TH0 = 0x00; TL0 = 0x00; while(1) while(RI==0); //Wait to receive chr=SBUF; //Save value RI=0; if((chr>='0')&&(chr<='9')) x=2222*(chr-'0'); led_err=1; // Turn OFF error indicator else led_err=0; // Turn ON error indicator void delay_ms(unsigned int i) for(;i!=0x00;i--) delay(delay_1ms);


void delay(unsigned char j) for (;j!=0x00;j--)


#include <16f877a.h> #use delay(clock=20M) #FUSES HS,NOWDT #include <LCD Driver.c> #use rs232(baud=9600, xmit=PIN_C6,rcv=PIN_C7) char x=0; unsigned int y,z; void main () setup_ccp1(ccp_PWM); lcd_init(); output_high(pin_c0); output_low(pin_c1); //for direction while(1) x=getc(); lcd_gotoxy(1,1); printf(lcd_putc,"Enter (0to9)"); if((x>='0')&&(x<='9')) y=((x-(0x30))*28); y=y/2; set_pwm1_duty(y); setup_timer_2(T2_div_by_16,127,1); lcd_gotoxy(1,2); printf(lcd_putc,"%c , %u "x,y); printf("%c",x); else


lcd_gotoxy(1,2); printf(lcd_putc,"press 0 to 9"); printf("plz");

7.6.7 Exercise:


hex file.


Use star trainer to run/ execute the program and check results.

Now make a program to use UART with baud rate of 9600bps to receive

the speed level (0-9) for a DC Motor from Hyper Terminal. Write C

Language program for ATmega162 to drive a DC Motor through PWM using

timer zero according to received speed level. Also acknowledge by

reflecting the received character.

7.6.8 Conclusion:






7.7 Practical NO. 7(Dot Matrix Display) Display 0-9 counting on dot matrix display

interface via port as shown in hardware connection and port as shown in hardware

connection using timer interrupt refresh the display in 2ms. *Soft copy of practical is available in the folder “dotmatrixcounting”


Connection for AVR Colum(HD21) at PORTB(HD1) ROW(HD22) at PORTA(HD3)

Connection for 8051 Colum(HD21) at PORT1(HD5) ROW(HD22) at PORT0(HD7)

7.7.2 Apparatus:







7.7.3 Algorithm

Display 0-9 counting on dot matrix display interface via portb and porta using timer interrupt refresh the display in 2ms RefreshMatr

ix

If colum1 selected

N

Y Disable colum1

Enable colum2

Send row data

Return

If colum2 selected

N

Y Disable colum2

Enable colum3

Send row data

If colum3 selected

N

Y Disable colum3

Enable colum4

Send row data

If colum4 selected

N

Y Disable colum4

Enable colum5

Send row data

If colum5 selected

N

Y Disable colum5

Enable colum6

Send row data

If colum6 selected

N

Y Disable colum6

Enable colum7

Send row data

If colum7 selected

N

Y Disable colum7

Enable colum8

Send row data

Disable colum8

Enable colum1

Send row data



#include <mega16.h>

#include <delay.h>


unsigned char MatArray[9]=0x81, 0x42, 0x24, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00,

0x00; // For Initial character of cross sign

unsigned char

ASCII[51]=0x3E,0x51,0x49,0x45,0x3E,0x02,0x42,0x7F,0x40,0x00,0x42,0x61,0x5

1,0x49,0x46,0x21,0x41,0x45,0x4B,0x31,0x18,0x14,0x12,0x7F,0x10,0x27,0x45,0x

45,0x45,0x39,0x3C,0x4A,0x49,0x49,0x30,0x01,0x71,0x09,0x05,0x03,0x36,0x49,0

x49,0x49,0x36,0x06,0x49,0x49,0x29,0x1E;

interrupt [20] void RefreshMatrix(void)

if(PORTB.0==1)

PORTB.0=0;

PORTB.1=1;

PORTA=MatArray[1];

else if(PORTB.1==1)

PORTB.1=0;

PORTB.2=1;

PORTA=MatArray[2];

else if(PORTB.2==1)

PORTB.2=0;

PORTB.3=1;

PORTA=MatArray[3];

else if(PORTB.3==1)

PORTB.3=0;

PORTB.4=1;

PORTA=MatArray[4];

else if(PORTB.4==1)

PORTB.4=0;

PORTB.5=1;

PORTA=MatArray[5];

else if(PORTB.5==1)

PORTB.5=0;

PORTB.6=1;

PORTA=MatArray[6];

else if(PORTB.6==1)

PORTB.6=0;

PORTB.7=1;


PORTA=MatArray[7];

else

PORTB.7=0;

PORTB.0=1;

PORTA=MatArray[0];

void main(void)

unsigned char x=0, y=0;

PORTA=0x00;

DDRA=0xFF;

PORTB=0xFE;

DDRB=0xFF;

PORTC=0x0F;

TCCR0=0x0D;

OCR0=35;

TIMSK=0x02;

SREG.7=1;

while (1)

delay_ms(1000);

if(++x==10) x=0;

y=x*5;

MatArray[0]=ASCII[y];

MatArray[1]=ASCII[y+1];




;


#include <at89x51.h> #define XTAL 11.059200 //Crystal frequency #define XDIVIDER 12.0 //Divider #define delay_1ms 164 * (XTAL/XDIVIDER) #define DS1 P0_0 #define DS2 P0_1 #define DS3 P0_2 #define DS4 P0_3 #define DS5 P0_4


#define DS6 P0_5 #define DS7 P0_6 #define DS8 P0_7 void delay_ms(unsigned int i); void delay(unsigned char j); unsigned char MatArray[9]=0x81, 0x42, 0x24, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00; // For Initial character of cross sign unsigned char ASCII[51]=0x3E,0x51,0x49,0x45,0x3E,0x02,0x42,0x7F,0x40,0x00,0x42,0x61,0x51,0x49,0x46,0x21,0x41,0x45,0x4B,0x31,0x18,0x14,0x12,0x7F,0x10,0x27,0x45,0x45,0x45,0x39,0x3C,0x4A,0x49,0x49,0x30,0x01,0x71,0x09,0x05,0x03,0x36,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x36,0x06,0x49,0x49,0x29,0x1E; void timer0_int (void) interrupt 1 //Interrupt for timer 0 if(DS1==1) DS2 = 1; DS1 = 0; P1=MatArray[1]; else if(DS2==1) DS3=1; DS2=0; P1=MatArray[2]; else if(DS3==1) DS3=0; DS4=1; P1=MatArray[3]; else if(DS4==1) DS4=0; DS5=1; P1=MatArray[4]; else if(DS5==1) DS5=0; DS6=1; P1=MatArray[5];


else if(DS6==1) DS6=0; DS7=1; P1=MatArray[6]; else if(DS7==1) DS7=0; DS8=1; P1=MatArray[7]; else DS8=0; DS1=1; P1=MatArray[0]; void main(void) unsigned char x=0, y=0; TMOD = 0x01; // Timer 0, Mode 1 (16 bit mode) TL0 = 0x78; // Timer 0 low byte TH0 = 0xEC; // Timer 0 high byte TR0 = 1; //Start timer 0 EA = 1 ; //Globle enable ET0 = 1 ; //Enable Timer 0 interrupt while (1) delay_ms(1000); if(++x==10) x=0; y=x*5; MatArray[0]=ASCII[y]; MatArray[1]=ASCII[y+1]; MatArray[2]=ASCII[y+2]; MatArray[3]=ASCII[y+3]; MatArray[4]=ASCII[y+4]; ; void delay_ms(unsigned int i) //Function for DELAY for(;i!=0x00;i--)


delay(delay_1ms); void delay(unsigned char j) for (;j!=0x00;j--)


#include <16f877a.h> #use delay(clock=20M) #FUSES HS,NOWDT unsigned char MatArray[9]=0x81, 0x42, 0x24, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00; unsigned char ASCII[51]=0x3E,0x51,0x49,0x45,0x3E,0x02,0x42,0x7F,0x40,0x00,0x42,0x61,0x51,0x49,0x46,0x21,0x41,0x45,0x4B,0x31,0x18,0x14,0x12,0x7F,0x10,0x27,0x45,0x45,0x45,0x39,0x3C,0x4A,0x49,0x49,0x30,0x01,0x71,0x09,0x05,0x03,0x36,0x49,0x49,0x49,0x36,0x06,0x49,0x49,0x29,0x1E; int D0,D1,D2,D3,D4,D5,D6,D7; #int_timer1 void timer0interrupt(void) // #int_timer associates the following function with the D0=input_state(PIN_D0); ///column D1=input_state(PIN_D1); D2=input_state(PIN_D2); D3=input_state(PIN_D3); D4=input_state(PIN_D4); D5=input_state(PIN_D5); D6=input_state(PIN_D6); D7=input_state(PIN_D7); if(D0==1) output_low(pin_d0); output_b(MatArray[1]); output_high(pin_d1); else if(D1==1) output_low(pin_d1); output_b(MatArray[2]); output_high(pin_d2); else if(D2==1)


output_low(pin_d2); output_b(MatArray[3]); output_high(pin_d3); else if(D3==1) output_low(pin_d3); output_b(MatArray[4]); output_high(pin_d4); else if(D4==1) output_low(pin_d4); output_b(MatArray[5]); output_high(pin_d5); else if(D5==1) output_low(pin_d5); output_b(MatArray[6]); output_high(pin_d6); else if(D6==1) output_low(pin_d6); output_b(MatArray[7]); output_high(pin_d7); else output_low(pin_d7); output_b(MatArray[0]); output_high(pin_d0); set_timer1(59286); void main(void) unsigned char x=0, y=0; setup_timer_1 ( T1_INTERNAL | T1_DIV_BY_4 ); enable_interrupts(INT_TIMER1); enable_interrupts(GLOBAL); while (1) delay_ms(1000);


if(++x==10) x=0; y=x*5; MatArray[0]=ASCII[y]; MatArray[1]=ASCII[y+1]; MatArray[2]=ASCII[y+2]; MatArray[3]=ASCII[y+3]; MatArray[4]=ASCII[y+4];

7.7.7 Exercise:


hex file.


Use star trainer to run/execute the program and check results

Use dot-matrix Display with ATmega16/8051/pic18f877 to display count

0-9 on dot-matrix display

7.7.8 Conclusion:

We can also use the program format for executing the repetitive

tasks with constant speed.

The program is also giving us the concept of deterministic pattern

generation (7 segment codes etc.)


7.8 Practical No. 8 (Filling Bottle) Control a conveyer based bottle filling station. Read the signal from bottle detector, drive conveyer

and filling valve port as shown in hardware connection. Run the system and wait for bottle, use the filling delay of 10 Second and show the count of filled bottles on LCD. (Inputs are active low and outputs are active high). *Soft copy of practical is available in the folder “filling_bottle”


Connection for AVR LCD(HD16) at PORTC(HD4) RS(HD16) at PD6(HD2) or EN(HD16) at PD7(HD2) RELAY(HD23) at PA4-6(HD3) Button(HD25) at PORTC.0-2(HD4)

Connection for 8051 LCD(HD16) at PORT2(HD8) RS(HD16) at P0.6(HD7) or EN(HD16) at P0.7(HD7) RELAY(HD23) at P0.0-0.3(HD7) Button(HD25) at PORT3.2-3.4(HD6)

7.8.2 Apparatus:







7.8.3 Algorithm

Control a conveyer based bottle filling station. Use PD2 to read the signal from bottle detector, PE0 to drive conveyer and PA5 for filling valve. Run the system and wait for bottle, use the filling delay of 10 Second and show the count of filled bottles on LCD. (Inputs are active low and outputs are active high).

START

Bottle

Detector

=1

A

Initialize

Delay

CONVAYO

R=1

N Y

CONVAYO

R=0

Tank is empty

N Y

Turn On

nozzel

Turn Off

nozzel

Tank is full N

Y

Turn on

pump

Turn off

pump



#include <mega16.h>

#include <delay.h>


#define BOT_Detector PINC.0

#define UP_LVL PINC.1

#define DWN_LVL PINC.2

#define CONVAYOR PORTA.4

#define Nozil PORTA.5

#define PUMP PORTA.6

void main (void) // Main loop

unsigned int cnt=0; // Declare your local variables here

DDRA.4=1; // For outward direction



PUMP=0;

Nozil=0;

CONVAYOR=0;


PORTC.0=1; // To enable internal pull-up resister



while(1)

CONVAYOR=1; //(Active High - Turn on

Convair)

while(BOT_Detector==1) //(Active Low - Bottle Detector)

CONVAYOR=0; //(Turn off Convair)

delay_ms(1000);

if(DWN_LVL==1) //(Active Low - Down Level

Detector)

wrLCDcmd(0x80); // To write the Command byte on

LCD

LCD_msg("Tank Filling started"); // To write a massege on LCD

PUMP=1; //(Active High - Turn on Pump)

while(UP_LVL==1) //(Active Low - Up Level

Detector)

PUMP=0; //(Active High - Turn off Pump)


LCD

LCD_msg("Tank has been filled"); // To write a massege on LCD

delay_ms(1000);


LCD

LCD_msg("Wait for Bottle"); // To write a massege on LCD

delay_ms(1000);



LCD

LCD_msg("Bottle Filling Started"); // To write a massege on LCD

Nozil=1; //(Active High - Filling Nozil

Open)

delay_ms(10000);


LCD

LCD_msg("Filling Completed"); // To write a massege on LCD

Nozil=0; // Active High - Filling Nozil

Close

delay_ms(1000);

wrLCDcmd(0xC0); // To write the Command byte on

LCD

UpdateDigits(++cnt); // Counting of bottle


#include <at89x51.h> #define XTAL 11.059200 //Crystal frequency #define XDIVIDER 12.0 //Divider #define delay_1ms 164 * (XTAL/XDIVIDER) #define regs P0_6 #define en P0_7 #define lcd P2 #define LOW 0 #define HIGH 1 void LCD_msg(char *p); void wrLCDnibble(unsigned char L); void wrLCDchr(unsigned char display); void Init_LCD(); void wrLCDcmd(unsigned char command); void delay_ms(unsigned int i); void delay(unsigned char j) ; void UpdateDigits(unsigned int Number); void main(void) unsigned char cnt=0; en=0; Init_LCD(); wrLCDcmd(0x82); LCD_msg("LCD Counting"); while(1) P0_3=1; //CONVYER


while(P3_2==1) //BOTTLE DETECTOR P0_3=0; delay_ms(1000); if(P3_4==1) //(Active Low - Down Level Detector) wrLCDcmd(0x80); // To write the Command byte on LCD LCD_msg("Tank Filling started"); // To write a massege on LCD P0_0=1; //PUMP while(P3_3==1) //(Active Low - Up Level Detector) P0_0=0; //(Active High - Turn off Pump) wrLCDcmd(0x80); // To write the Command byte on LCD LCD_msg("Tank has been filled"); // To write a massege on LCD delay_ms(1000); wrLCDcmd(0x80); // To write the Command byte on LCD LCD_msg("Wait for Bottle"); // To write a massege on LCD delay_ms(1000); wrLCDcmd(0x80); // To write the Command byte on LCD LCD_msg("Bottle Filling Started"); // To write a massege on LCD P0_1=1; //(Active High - Filling Nozil Open) delay_ms(10000); wrLCDcmd(0x80); // To write the Command byte on LCD LCD_msg("Filling Completed"); // To write a massege on LCD P0_1=0; // Active High - Filling Nozil Close delay_ms(1000); wrLCDcmd(0xC0); // To write the Command byte on LCD UpdateDigits(++cnt); // Counting of bottle void wrLCDnibble(unsigned char L) unsigned char y=0; y = lcd& 0x0F; L &= 0xF0; lcd = L | y; en=1; delay_ms(1); en=0; delay_ms(15); void wrLCDcmd(unsigned char x)


delay_ms(1); regs=0; wrLCDnibble(x); x = x << 4; wrLCDnibble(x); void wrLCDchr(unsigned char x) delay_ms(2); regs=1; wrLCDnibble(x); x = x << 4; wrLCDnibble(x); void LCD_msg(char *p) while(*p!=0) wrLCDchr(*p); SBUF=*p++; void Init_LCD(void) regs=0; en=0; delay_ms(50); wrLCDnibble(0x30); delay_ms(50); wrLCDnibble(0x30); delay_ms(50); wrLCDnibble(0x30); delay_ms(50); wrLCDnibble(0x20); delay_ms(50); wrLCDcmd(0x28); delay_ms(50); wrLCDcmd(0x01); delay_ms(50); wrLCDcmd(0x0C); delay_ms(50); wrLCDcmd(0x06); delay_ms(50);


void UpdateDigits(unsigned int Number) unsigned char dig1, dig2, dig3, dig4, dig5; dig1 =(Number%10)+0x30; Number/=10; dig2 =(Number%10)+0x30; Number/=10; dig3 =(Number%10)+0x30; Number/=10; dig4 =(Number%10)+0x30; Number/=10; dig5 =(Number%10)+0x30; SBUF=dig5; wrLCDchr(dig5); SBUF=dig4; wrLCDchr(dig4); SBUF=dig3; wrLCDchr(dig3); SBUF=dig2; wrLCDchr(dig2); SBUF=dig1; wrLCDchr(dig1); SBUF=0x0A; void delay_ms(unsigned int i) for(;i!=0x00;i--) delay(delay_1ms); void delay(unsigned char j) for (;j!=0x00;j--)



#include <16f877a.h> //include pic16f877a header file #use delay(clock=20M) // define clock frequency #FUSES HS,NOWDT // define fuses high speed and no watch dog timer #include <LCD Driver.c> // load lcd driver void main () // main loop unsigned int cnt=0; int a,b,c; port_b_pullups(true); lcd_init(); while(1) output_high(PIN_A3); // turn on conveyor belt a=input(PIN_B0); while(a==1) // turn on conveyor belt until bottle not detect a=input(PIN_B0); output_low(PIN_A3); //bottle is detected turn off conveyor delay_ms(1000); b=input(PIN_B2); //down level detector if(b==0) //down level dettector detected the liquid is low level lcd_gotoxy(1,1); printf(lcd_putc,"Tank Fill strt"); output_high(PIN_E0); // pump motor start c=input(PIN_B1); // up level detector while(c==1) // turn on pump motor until up level detector not detect the up level c=input(PIN_B1); output_low(PIN_E0); //turn off pump, up level detector detected the up level lcd_gotoxy(1,1); printf(lcd_putc,"Tank filled "); delay_ms(1000); lcd_gotoxy(1,1); printf(lcd_putc,"Wait 4 Bottle "); delay_ms(1000); lcd_gotoxy(1,1); printf(lcd_putc,"Bottle Fill Strt "); output_high(PIN_A5); // filling nozzle on delay_ms(10000); lcd_gotoxy(1,1); printf(lcd_putc,"Fill Completed "); output_low(PIN_A5); //filling nozzle off


delay_ms(1000); cnt++; //increament lcd_gotoxy(1,2); printf(lcd_putc,"Bottle=%d",cnt );

7.8.7 Exercise:

Type the program, assemble/ compile it, make its object file and hex

file.



Write a program code for the same objective with parallel operation

of tank filling and filling bottle.

7.8.8 Conclusion:

We can use the program format for scanning/ checking multiple push

buttons.

We can also use the program format for executing tasks on key down

or key up events.


7.9 Practical No. 9(ADC_UART_LCD) Display the equivalent decimal of ADC input

on the LCD module and also send this value through UART with Baud Rate=9600bps. *Soft copy of practical is available in the folder “ADC_UART_LCD”


Connection for AVR LCD(HD16) at PORTC(HD4) RS(HD16) at PD6(HD2) or EN(HD16) at PD7(HD2) RELAY(HD23) at PB.3(HD1) RX(HD20) at PD0(HD2) or TX(HD20) at PD1(HD2) ADC chip select(HD19) PORTA.0(HD3) ADC clock (HD19) PORTA.1(HD3)

ADC Data (HD19) PINA.2(HD3)

Connection for 8051 LCD(HD16) at PORT2(HD8) RS(HD16) at P0.6(HD7) or EN(HD16) at P0.7(HD7) RELAY(HD23) at P0.3(HD7) RX(HD20) at P3.0(HD2) or TX(HD20) at P3.1(HD2) ADC chip select(HD19) P0_0(HD7) ADC clock(HD19) P0_1(HD7) ADC Data(HD19) P0_2(HD7)

7.9.2 Apparatus:







7.9.3 Algorithm

Using ADC 0831 display equivalent decimal value on lcd and also send it on UART transmission.


#include <mega32.h> #include <delay.h> #include <ATKv10_1.h> #define LOW 0 #define HIGH 1 #define ADC_CS PORTA.0 #define ADC_SK PORTA.1 #define ADC_DT PINA.2 #define Relay PORTB.3 unsigned char SetPoint=50,ADC; void pulseADC(void) ADC_SK=1; delay_ms(1); ADC_SK=0; delay_ms(1);

START

N Y If

ADC>=SETPOINT

A

Initialize

Read ADC

Send ADC value on LCD and UART

TURN ON RELAY

Turn Off Relay

A

Delay


void ADCdata(void) unsigned char j=0x80; ADC=0; for (j=0x80; j> 0x01; j>>=1) pulseADC(); if(ADC_DT==1) ADC=ADC+j; pulseADC(); if(ADC_DT==1) ADC=ADC+j; void readADC(void) ADC_CS=0; delay_ms(1); pulseADC(); ADCdata(); delay_ms(1); ADC_CS=1; void main(void) unsigned char SetPoint=50; // Declare your local variables here Init_LCD(); // Initiallize lcd UCSRB=0x08; // Enable USART UBRRL=71; // Set the baud rate UBRRH=0; DDRB.3=1; // For outward direction DDRA.0=1; // For outward direction DDRA.1=1; // For outward direction PORTA.2=1; // To enable internal pull-up resister wrLCDcmd(0x80); // To write the Command byte on LCD LCD_msg(" ADC Data Test "); // To write a message on LCD wrLCDcmd(0xC0); // To write the Command byte on LCD LCD_msg("LM35 Tmp. Sensor"); // To write a message on LCD


delay_ms(2000); while (1) readADC(); // Call ADC read function wrLCDcmd(0xC0); // To write the Command byte on LCD LCD_msg("Tmp. Value: "); // To write a message on LCD UpdateDigits(ADC); // To display ADC value if(ADC>=SetPoint) Relay = 0; // To check the ADC Value else Relay = 1; // Relay On delay_ms(25); UART_LCD_SendVar(); delay_ms(250);


#include <at89x51.h> #define XTAL 11.059200 //Crystal frequency #define XDIVIDER 12.0 //Divider #define delay_1ms 164 * (XTAL/XDIVIDER) #define regs P0_6 #define en P0_7 #define lcd P2 #define LOW 0 #define HIGH 1 #define ADC_CS P0_0 #define ADC_SK P0_1 #define ADC_DT P0_2 #define Relay P0_3 void LCD_msg(char *p); void wrLCDnibble(unsigned char L); void wrLCDchr(unsigned char display); void Init_LCD(); void wrLCDcmd(unsigned char command); void delay_ms(unsigned int i); void delay(unsigned char j); void UpdateDigits(unsigned int Number); void UART_msg(char *ptr); void Wait4TxC(unsigned char x); void Wait4RxC(void); void readADC(void); void pulseADC(void); void ADCdata(void);


unsigned int ADC, SetPoint=50; unsigned char mybyte; void main(void) unsigned char cnt=0; SCON = 0x50; //8-bit, 1 stop bit, REN enable TMOD = 0x20; //Timer 1, mode 2(auto-reload),Timer 0, Mode 1(16 bit mode) TH1 = -3; //set baud rate 9600 TR1 = 1; //Start timer 1 en=0; //Set P0_7 Init_LCD(); // Initialize LCD Module wrLCDcmd(0x80); // To write lcd command LCD_msg(" ADC Data Test "); // To write a message on LCD wrLCDcmd(0x0C0); // To write lcd command LCD_msg("LM35 Tmp. Sensor "); // To write a message on LCD delay_ms(2000); while(1) wrLCDcmd(0xC0); // To write the Command byte on LCD LCD_msg("Tmp. Value: "); // To write a message on LCD readADC(); // call function of readADC wrLCDcmd(0xCB); // To write the Command byte on LCD UpdateDigits(ADC); //Convert hex to ASCII Write on LCD if(ADC>=SetPoint) Relay = 0; // To check the ADC Value else Relay = 1; // Relay On delay_ms(25); //call wait function void delay_ms(unsigned int i) for(;i!=0x00;i--) delay(delay_1ms); void delay(unsigned char j) for (;j!=0x00;j--) void wrLCDnibble(unsigned char L)


unsigned char y=0; y = lcd & 0x0F; L &= 0xF0; lcd = L | y; en=1; delay_ms(1); en=0; delay_ms(15); void wrLCDcmd(unsigned char x) delay_ms(1); regs=0; wrLCDnibble(x); x = x << 4; wrLCDnibble(x); void wrLCDchr(unsigned char x) delay_ms(2); regs=1; wrLCDnibble(x); x = x << 4; wrLCDnibble(x); void LCD_msg(char *p) while(*p!=0) wrLCDchr(*p); SBUF=*p++; void Init_LCD(void) regs=0; en=0; delay_ms(50); wrLCDnibble(0x30); delay_ms(50); wrLCDnibble(0x30); delay_ms(50); wrLCDnibble(0x30);


delay_ms(50); wrLCDnibble(0x20); delay_ms(50); wrLCDcmd(0x28); delay_ms(50); wrLCDcmd(0x01); delay_ms(50); wrLCDcmd(0x0C); delay_ms(50); wrLCDcmd(0x06); delay_ms(50); void Wait4TxC(unsigned char x) SBUF=x; while(TI==0); void UpdateDigits(unsigned int Number) unsigned char dig1, dig2, dig3, dig4, dig5; dig1 =(Number%10)+0x30; Number/=10; dig2 =(Number%10)+0x30; Number/=10; dig3 =(Number%10)+0x30; Number/=10; dig4 =(Number%10)+0x30; Number/=10; dig5 =(Number%10)+0x30; wrLCDchr(dig3); Wait4TxC(dig3); wrLCDchr(dig2); Wait4TxC(dig2); wrLCDchr(dig1); Wait4TxC(dig1); void readADC(void) ADC_CS=0; delay_ms(1); pulseADC(); ADCdata(); delay_ms(1);


ADC_CS=1; void pulseADC(void) ADC_SK=1; delay_ms(1); ADC_SK=0; delay_ms(1); void ADCdata(void) unsigned char j=0x80; ADC=0; for (j=0x80; j> 0x01; j>>=1) pulseADC(); if(ADC_DT==1) ADC=ADC+j; pulseADC(); if(ADC_DT==1) ADC=ADC+j;


#include <16f877a.h> //include pic16f877a header file #use delay(clock=20M) // define clock frequency #FUSES HS,NOWDT // define fuses high speed and no watch dog timer #use rs232(baud=9600, xmit=PIN_C6,rcv=PIN_C7) //define baoude rate and transmitter and receiver pins #include <LCD Driver.c> // load lcd driver #define ADC_CS PIN_B0 #define ADC_SK PIN_B1 #define ADC_DT PIN_B2 unsigned int ADC=0,a; unsigned char j; void pulseADC(void) output_high(ADC_SK);


delay_ms(1); output_low(ADC_SK); delay_ms(1); a=input(ADC_DT); void ADCdata(void) j=0x80; ADC=0; for (j=0x80; j>=0x01; j>>=1) pulseADC(); if(a==1) ADC=ADC+j; pulseADC(); if(a==1) ADC=ADC+j; void readADC(void) output_low(ADC_CS); delay_ms(1); pulseADC(); ADCdata(); delay_ms(1); output_high(ADC_CS); void main () // main loop lcd_init(); lcd_gotoxy(1,1); printf(lcd_putc,"Temperature sensor " ); delay_ms(2000); while(1) readADC(); lcd_gotoxy(1,2); printf(lcd_putc,"%u ",ADC); printf("%u ",ADC); delay_ms(300);


7.9.7 Exercise:


hex file.


Use star trainer to run/execute the program and check results.

Now write a C language program to control the temperature of a

boiler. Use LM35 with 8 bit in ADC 0831 interface with ATmega16 to

get temperature feedback and a potentiometer to get set point

through channel one and channel two.

Now make a program and its flowchart with the same objective but you

have to toggle the LED if the key press duration lies between 4 to 6

seconds.

7.9.8 Conclusion:






7.10 Practical No.10 (Frequency Counter) Display the frequency of analog input signal (Use 220V mains supply as input or function generator). Hint external interrupt may be used for zero crossing counting and the value of count will show the frequency after each second. *Soft copy of practical is available in the folder “zero_crossing”


Connection for AVR LCD(HD16) at PORTC(HD4) RS(HD16) at PD6(HD2) or EN(HD16) at PD7(HD2) Interrupt(HD26) at PD.2(HD2)

Connection for 8051 LCD(HD16) at PORT2(HD8) RS(HD16) at P0.6(HD7) or EN(HD16) at P0.7(HD7) Interrupt(HD26) at P3.2(HD6)

7.10.2 Apparatus:






7.10.3 Algorithm

Read 220 volt AC frequency and display On LCD using external interrupt

START

A

Initialize

Delay 1 S

Update LCD values

Cnt=0

Ext isr

Cnt=cnt+1

return



#include <mega16.h>

#include <delay.h>


unsigned int cnt=0;

interrupt [EXT_INT0] void ext_int0_isr(void)

cnt++; // For Increment

void main(void) // Main Program

GICR=0x40;

MCUCR=0x02;


SREG.7=1; // To enable global interrupt

LCD_msg("Frequency="); // To write a message on LCD

while (1)

delay_ms(1000);

wrLCDcmd(0x8A); // To write the Command byte on LCD

UpdateDigits(cnt);// To display the implemented count

cnt=0;

;


#include <at89x51.h> #define XTAL 11.059200 //Crystal frequency #define XDIVIDER 12.0 //Divider #define delay_1ms 164 * (XTAL/XDIVIDER) #define regs P0_6 #define en P0_7 #define lcd P2 #define LOW 0 #define HIGH 1 void LCD_msg(char *p); //unsigned char flash *p void wrLCDnibble(unsigned char L); void wrLCDchr(unsigned char display); void Init_LCD(); void wrLCDcmd(unsigned char command); void UpdateDigits(unsigned int Number); void delay_ms(unsigned int i); void delay(unsigned char j) ; void Bin2BCD(unsigned char bin); unsigned char cnt=0; void Ext_int0 (void) interrupt 0


EA=0; cnt++; EA=1; void main (void) EA=1; EX0=1; IT0=1; en=0; Init_LCD(); wrLCDcmd(0x80); LCD_msg("Frequency:"); while (1) delay_ms(1000);

wrLCDcmd(0x8c); Bin2BCD(cnt); cnt=0; void wrLCDnibble(unsigned char L) unsigned char y=0; y = lcd& 0x0F; L &= 0xF0; lcd = L | y; en=1; delay_ms(1); en=0; delay_ms(15); void wrLCDcmd(unsigned char x) delay_ms(1); regs=0; wrLCDnibble(x); x = x << 4; wrLCDnibble(x); void wrLCDchr(unsigned char x)


delay_ms(2); regs=1; wrLCDnibble(x); x = x << 4; wrLCDnibble(x); void LCD_msg(char *p) while(*p!=0) wrLCDchr(*p); SBUF=*p++; void Init_LCD(void) regs=0; en=0; delay_ms(50); wrLCDnibble(0x30); delay_ms(50); wrLCDnibble(0x30); delay_ms(50); wrLCDnibble(0x30); delay_ms(50); wrLCDnibble(0x20); delay_ms(50); wrLCDcmd(0x28); delay_ms(50); wrLCDcmd(0x01); delay_ms(50); wrLCDcmd(0x0C); delay_ms(50); wrLCDcmd(0x06); delay_ms(50); void UpdateDigits(unsigned int Number) unsigned char dig1, dig2, dig3, dig4, dig5; dig1 =(Number%10)+0x30; Number/=10; dig2 =(Number%10)+0x30; Number/=10; dig3 =(Number%10)+0x30; Number/=10;


dig4 =(Number%10)+0x30; Number/=10; dig5 =(Number%10)+0x30; SBUF=dig5; wrLCDchr(dig5); SBUF=dig4; wrLCDchr(dig4); SBUF=dig3; wrLCDchr(dig3); SBUF=dig2; wrLCDchr(dig2); SBUF=dig1; wrLCDchr(dig1); SBUF=0x0A; void delay_ms(unsigned int i) for(;i!=0x00;i--) delay(delay_1ms); void delay(unsigned char j) for (;j!=0x00;j--) void Bin2BCD(unsigned char bin) unsigned char dig1, dig2,dig3; dig1=bin%10; bin=bin/10; dig2=bin%10; bin=bin/10; dig3=bin; dig1=dig1|0x30; dig2=dig2|0x30; dig3=dig3|0x30; wrLCDchr(dig3); SBUF=dig3;while(TI==0) TI=0; wrLCDchr(dig2); SBUF=dig2;while(TI==0) TI=0; wrLCDchr(dig1);



#include <16f877a.h> //include pic16f877a header file #use delay(clock=20M) // define clock frequency #FUSES HS,NOWDT // define fuses high speed and no watch dog timer #include <LCD Driver.c> // load lcd driver unsigned int cnt; #INT_EXT //external interrupt routine void EXT_ISR(void) cnt++; void main () // main loop lcd_init(); enable_interrupts(GLOBAL); enable_interrupts(INT_EXT); ext_int_edge(H_TO_L); while(1) delay_ms(1000); lcd_gotoxy(1,1); printf(lcd_putc,"FREQUENCY=%u",cnt); cnt=0;

7.10.7 Exercise:


hex file.



Now write a C language program for ATmega16/AT89S52/PIC16F877 to

display the phase shift (Phase Difference in micro second) of two

analog inputs.

Hint: External interrupts may be used for zero crossing detections

and a counter will run during two zero crossings. Counter value show

the phase shift.

7.10.8 Conclusion:





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