The Otago Witness

/The Otago Witness Is registered at the General Post Office, London, as transmissible through the post In the United Kingdom at the newspaper rate of postage,]

No. 3364.—Estab. 1851.] DUNEDIN, N.Z.: WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 4, 1918. [paras mghtpence. s

CALENDAR FOR THE WEEK.

* For time ol high water at Oamaru add wmin;enbtract BluS. 2hr 67mla; Invercargill, 2h> I2mln;Talaroa Head, Ihr 25mia; Port Chalmers', iOmin;Bt. Clair, Ihr ’3omln; Oatlins Elver, 3iar 98nsin.

PASSING NOTES.(From Saturday's Daily Timfcs.)

It is -with a sober joy that we followthe victorious advance of our armies thisweek and last. We know the ground;we have been over it before. There is nota ruined town or village on the Somme,the Aisne, the Ancre, not a hill, not aclump of trees, not a shell-hole, that ha3not been debated between us and theenemy, now ours, now theirs, in reiteratedsee-saw. ' Hence to-day we rejoice withtrembling. Experience—a four- years' ex-perience amazing in its ups and downs•—doth foster caution. At the outset wewere keen on maps, week by week trac-ing painfully the battle-front as it swayedeast and west. Maps have clean goneout. It is enough to know that we areadvancing, and that the advance expressesits value in a handsome, bag of prisonersand captured guns. Expert comment, weread that,—General Maurice, ColonelRepington—singularly silent of late,—■Marcel Hutin of Paris, and (not to bedespised) our own local critics; also pressopinion in London, Paris, New York. Atthe hour that is, from these and all otherauthentic sources of intelligent guidancewe get comfort. Everything is going oneway, and that the right way. Hence,though we rejoice with trembling, we dorejoice, yea and will rejoice.

One chief weUspring of delight is, ofcourse, America. It is not that Americais coming; America has come—a millionstrong, with millions more to follow.America is in the actual firing line killingHuns, and developing a casualty listwhich will thrill with salutary pain thenerves of ■ the Homeland. In this con-text, the thing to be especially glad overis President Wilson's magnificentQuixotism^—To make the world safe fordemocracy. Not by any means am I abigoted democrat. Aa developed inRussia, and even near home, Demosshows himself too brutally ignorant to betrusted. None th« less may we delight inPresident Wilson's knight-errantry. Tomade the world safe for democracy,—letthe Americans stick to that. No dangerfrom sickly pacifists, no .possibility oftruce with the Hohenzollerns, if theAmericans stick to that. Apropos :

<

witha humour one wouldn't suspect in sosolemn a personage, the President tells a

story against himself. The Americanj political world, be it remembered, divides

I itself into Democrats and Republicans;j the Democrats are now in office; and Pre-sident Wilson is their bright consummateflower. All of which would be known toan Indian chief who had enlisted and wasunder"'training. Somebody asked his

| opinion of the army. " Too much salute,,not enough shoot," was his reply. "But

you know what you are fighting for?"The Indian nodded gravely, '' Make whole

j d—— world Democratic party!" said he.Received from a North Otago correspon-

dent—report of a lecture on Sinn Fein,by the Rev. Father Silk, who, needlessto say, is himself a Sinn Feiner so faras may be, that is so far as a New Zea-land priest may be a rebel and a re-publican yet keep within the law.Summed ut>. the Rev. Father Silk's notionis that Ireland has been crushed, en-slaved, despoiled. "Ireland, for the pre-sent year, will be paying towards thewar, over and above her public servicesand expenditure, at the rate of

£25,000,000 a year.". England is to take £37,000,000 ofIrish money annually to spend on herown "dominant interests," and inanswer to the question, what wouldIreland get out of the surplus£25,000,000? the reply was—lreland gotabsolutely nothing at all.

I don't believe a word of it. My forteis not statistics, nor facts, nor figures.But that in recent yeans, to make theIrish peasant his own proprietor, ex-tinguishing the landlord, the British tax-payer contributed one hundred millionssterling is past denying. Home Rule?The Irish, Mr Lloyd George telk them,"might have Home Rule to-morrow, ifthey would agree amongst themselves 1."What kind of Home Rule is defined bythe Spectator : —>

The Home Rule Bill which is nowupon the Statute Book provides thatIreland shall contribute' nothing to thearmy or navy, no inteYest on debt,and nothing for the diplomatio andconsular services. It makes the Im-perial Exchequer bear the cost of theIrish police and old-ago pensions,and it even lays it down that if monej-can be saved on these services, Ire-land can keep the difference.

St. Patrick, says the legend, abolishedsnakes. Unhappily ho didn't abolishskunks.

It is to be noted that Sinn Feiners ofevery degree affirm, one and all thatIreland is "a separate nation." WithinIreland itself a Sinn Feiner may logicallytake that stand—and be a rebel. '* TheBritish are foreigners to me; I am aforeigner to the British." But - a SinnFeiner in New Zealand claims to be atone and th© same time a foreigner anda citizen. He belongs to a separatenation, yet accepts the advantages ofmembership in the British nation. Thatis, he wants to have it both ways. Beforethis controversy ends we shall have toimpress upon him, kindly but firmly, thathe cannot have it both ways. .Dwellingwithin our precincts, if a foreigner, anaa foreigner who love 3 us little, he oughtat least to be naturalised. If notnaturalised, he ought to be interned. Iknow Irish citizens not a few who for allpractical purposes are just as goodcitizens as the rest of us. Whateveradvantages go with the British flag, andthere are still a few, thanks be, theseIrish citizens are keen for retaining them.Then why tell us that they belong to "aseparate nation,"—strangers and for-eigners? Why not talk sense?

From "Marsyas," known of old:Daily Times paragraph, August 22:

".Fifty-five years ago New Zealand pur-chased and thinly armoured four smallcargo boats. Their names were theFlint, Midge, Chub, and Ant, and they■were the first tvar fleet ever possessedby a British Overseas Government."O Oivis, of your charity,

Tell me, upon your 'davy.Did we indeed in sixty-three

Poaseass & fcav7?

Pour noble ships—Flint, Midge, Ant,Chub—

A flectkin spruce and sprightly,Prepared all enemies to drub

Though "armoured lightly"?Say, was it boilerplate they wore?

Say, did they weapons carry?Say, fared' they forth on foreign shore

To play Old Harry? ~

And was there a New Zealand then—

"With horrid doubt I wrcetle—Or did each Province of the ten

Part own a vessel?Did one, perchance, drunk with success,

Dreaming- itself about fitFor South Seas empery, possess

The total outfit?Shame, fame—which did our fleet amass?

Passed it in gloom or glory?Light, light, O Civis, on this fas-

cinating etorylI recall traditions of the old Tory brig;—Tory Channel, a narrow back-door en-trance to Picton Sound, was named afterher. Also of the s.s. Hinomoa and herabortive piratical expedition under Stout-Vogel, an attempt duly celebrated in thiscolumn:

List the song of Hinemoa,Fire-ship on the Big South Water,

' Fire-ship, flag-ship, ail the navyOf the Pakeha In Maoria;How she went to steal an island, .„

How she would- have stolen twenty,All the isles of far Samoa,But for reasons. Hear me sing them. . .

The Flint, Mid,ge, Chub, and Ant belongto a period when we were making seri-ous war- within our own borders; whenBritish regiments were Jiere—the 12th, the18th Royal Irish, the 40th, the 50th(" Dirty Half-Hundred," from the colourof their buff facings), the 57th (Albuera"Die-Hards"), the 65th, and others; andwhen troops carried to and fro on riverservice were the better for boiler-plate de-fences against Maori bullets. But the his-tory of there New Zealand ironclads hasfallen dim. I await information.

Deal- " Civis,"—What is the distinc-tion between "Jacobin" and' "Jaco-bite" ? Both words are evidently from"Jacobus" or "Jacob," and. from"Jacobus" we are to get thename " James." One doesn't see how.No, one doesn't see how; but so it is.

The French, Spanish, Italian equivalents—"Jacques," " lago," " Giacomo,"—come easily from "Jacobus"; but "James"from "Jacobus" gives no clear account of-itself. Oddly enough the., French" Jacques/' ,which is "James," yields us"Jack,", which is "John." Coming to"Jacobin" and " Jacobite" we have plainsailing. Far back in the centuries afraternity 'of Dominicans establishedthemselves in Hue St. Jacques (St. James'sstreet), Paris, and came to be known asthe Jacobin friars, taking their name from-the street. Later, in the Revolution time,"a faction of violent republicans got posses-sion of the Jacobin convent and church,holding perpetual session there as • the" Jacobin Club"—" damned to everlast-ing fame," as Alexander Pope with lessreason says of Oliver Cromwell. That isthe whole story. It is mere accident thatadherents of the exiled James 11, and ofhis son and grandson after him, the twoPretenders, were called Jacobites and not*Jacobins. How much of woe theseeighteenth-century malcontents wroughtfor puir auld Scotland every Scottishschoolboy knows. We have a Burns song,"There'll never be peace till Jamie comeshame,"—Jamie being James EdwardStuart, the "Old Pretender." We haveanother Burns song, " Charlie is my darl-ing, the young Chevalier," —Charlie beingCharles Edward Stuart, the "Young Pre-tender." Scotland, had never anythingbut pain and loss from either. Yet occa-sionally there reaches me a periodicaldevoted to that most forlorn of all lostcauses, the restoration of the Stuarts.Forlorn it is, and absurd to boot, for theStuarts are actually reigning,—George Vis in lineal descent from Mary Queen ofScots. HeTe is a newspaper paragraph of1911:

The King's reference, in reply to theTercentenary of -ho Authorised Versionaddress, to "my ancestor King Jamesthe First," recalls the rejoinder which,at all events, is "ben trovato," of Mac-aulay to Queen Victoria, when her lateMajesty alluded to James II as herancestor- "Pardon me, madam," wasthe historian's alleged reply, "yourMajesty's predecessor."

It is the exiled Stuarts who descend fromJames 11. The reigning Stuarts go uphigher, deriving from Elizabeth, daughterof James I, who was the son of MaryStuart and Darnley.

We have heard how a Jacobite, on cere-monial occasions and in' dangerous com-pany, might contrive to drink a loyaltoast, if there chanced to be water on thetable as well as wine. Lifting the wine tohis lips with a graceful flourish he drankto ''The King,"—the King Over TheWater! Scott in "Redgauntlet" describesa "silver tassie " or drinking cup with aninscription to salve all consciences:

God bless the King!—God-"bless theFaith's defender! —

God bless—no harm in blessing;—thePretender.

Who that Pretender is, and who thatKing,—

God bless us all,—is quite another thing.

Not to be omitted in this context is thastory of a Jacobite lady whose daily prao*tice it was when dining to drink cere*moniously to the health of " James IDtand Vlll,"—the 111 of England and thaVIII of Scotland—in fact, the Old Pre*tender, nq other.

Having? to entertain a British com-mander, she said after dinner: "Sir,I will give you a Biblical toast—' Thetongue can no man tame; it is an unrulyevil —James the 3rd and Bth."

See it? But this looks back to an oldefstory from which this clever woman mayhave borrowed the idea. Preaching beforeJames I and VI—that slobbering Solomon,"the wisest fool in Christendom," ittpublic affairs hopelessly shifty and irreso«lute—an English divine announced his tex%thus: '' James the Ist and 6th: He thaiwavcreth is like a wave of the sea drivenwith the wind and tossed." Whether tharoyal wobbler caught on is doubtful. Bubit may have come to him afterward; inwhich case one would like to think that hamarked the preacher for promotion.

It is a feature of Scottish humour, -akindly feature, that it sees the amusingside of Scottish canniness. ' Usually it is 'a Scotchman who resurrects that ancientjoke about "bang Went saxpence," andalways with a twinkle in his eye. At adining' club in Edinburgh the guest ofhonour was an English-speaking Japanese,the Principal of Tokio University. Overthe wine and the story came upof the Scotchman with toothache who, onbeing asked by his dentist if he wouldhave gas, replied that he would, butshould like to count his money first.Everybody laughed but the visitor fromJapan. What, couldn't he see the point?They explained and explained, but stillthe Jap sat stolid. Then they tried himagain, re-telling the stcTy and patientlyexpounding the joke of it. But no, hecould not understand. "It's a pity," saidthey, wagging their heads. Then the manof the Far East opened his mouth andspake: "You do not understand whatI do not understand," he said in precisatones,—r" What I do not understand ianot why the Scotchman said what he did,but how any Scotchman should not knowat any time", without having to count it,how ; much money he has in his pockets."Then, perceiving that the almond-eyedmystery had neatly capped their ownstory, "the Scotchman volleyed in unison.To the national honouar be it spoken.

Civis.

A Press Association telegram from Wel-lington states that the Executive Council, onthe recommendation of the National Effi-ciency Board, has approved of importantregulations providing for the prohibition orrestriction of businesses which compete withthose of soldiers, and the unrestricted estab-lishment or continuance of which may injureor destroy a soldier's business.

Among the passengers by the Moeraki,which arrived at Wellington from Sydneyon the 27th (eays a Press Association tele-gram), there were 152 returned soldiers,comprising draft 172.

A Press Association message from Wel-lington states that a New Zealand hospitalship, which is on her return voyage to thedominion, is reported from a way port, allwell.

A Press Association telegram from Wel-lington states that in replying to a ques-tion about a rumoured rise of £2 per tonin the price of flour, the Hon. Mr Mac- -Donald said the report was unfounded. Themillers had agreed with the Board) of Tradonot to apply for an increase in the price(£ls 10b) at southern ports until February1, 1919, so long as wheat remained at thepresent gazetted price. The Australianwheat now being imported did not affectthe price of flour, as it was being sold tomillers at the same price as New ZcalanaVgrown wheat.

At a meeting of the Clutha District Re-turned Soldiers' Association on the 24than important subject relating to soldiers'pensions was discussed. Mr T. J. Walshsaid that in the case of a man who had hispension stopped, but later had a recurrenceof his original trouble, which prevented him,from doing work, the pension would not beregranted. What was wanted was the sus-pension instead of the concellation of pen-sions. He moved—"That this meeting sug-gests to the committee the'advisablenes3 ofgoing fully into the question of the stoppageor suspension of pensions with a view _toco-operation with other branifnes, the opinion'of this- meeting being that pensions shouldbe suspended rather than stopped." Thiswas agreed to.

A graphic story of the recent mishap toMessrs Burns, Philp, and Oo.'b steamerTambo is told by Mr E. C. Eliot, Resident-©omihissioner for the Gilbert and ElliceGroups, who was a passenger. 'At thetime of the breakdown the vessel was some80 miles north-east of Oape Byron, with aheavy sea running, and) it was soon foundthat the break in the rudder post was oftoo serious a nature to be repaired on

PHASES OF THE MOON MOON.

SEPTEMBER. Rises. Sets.

' D’te h in 6 5.47 a.m 5.33 p m.New Moon... 5 10.Up. m. 6 6.10 , 6.34First Quarter 14 2.:!2a.m. 7 6.£9 , 7.37 „

Last Quarter 27 4. 9 p.m. v.- 6.52 , 8.38 „

Full Moon... 21 0.31 a.m. 1} 7.16 , 940Perigee ... 21 5 p m. 1(1 7.44 ,

(0.40Arviee“ ••• 8 0. A a.m 11 8.11 . 11.42 „

i ot . ntji of uiuii WAUtK AT Sub Sun.\V eek. Vt on th DUNEDIN.* Rises. Seta,

a.m. p.m- a.m. p.m;Th. 5 3.31 ... .. 3.49 6.36 5.33F. (i 4. 8 '

... .. 4.£6 6.35 5.39Sat. 7 4.43 ... 5. 0 6 "! 5.10S. 8 5.17 ... .. 5.35 6 ;ti 5.41M 9 5.53 ... .. 6.13 6.29 5.43T. 10 0.34 ... .. 6.55 6.27 5.44W. 11 7.18 ... .. 7.42 6.26 5.45

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TABUS OF OJfrEffTsl„

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jL of thh jHBn9 yfUl bjiounu o*i P.iiro 28.

board. The only means of steering thesteamer was to attach a steel hawser to therudder, and bring it amidships of thesteamer, and to do this it was necessarythat someone should go into the waterto attach the hawser to the rudder. Itwas then, said Mr Eliot, that the nativemembers of the crew showed bravery of ahigh order. They dived into the -water,Which was rather rough and infested withisharks, and accomplished the work, some-times remaining in the sea for hours. Allthe time it was found necessary to coverthe vicinity with revolvers to protect themfrom the sharks, of which two, between

10ft and 12ft in length, were shot, and twoothers wounded. Eventually the vessel wasgot moro or less under control, and pro-ceeded to Tweed Heads, arriving there onAugust 3. After remaining there a brieftime, she went on to Brisbane. Mr Eliotspoke in the highest terms of the captainand crew, who showed bravery and skillunder very trying circumstances.

An inquest was held at Gore on the 27th,before Mr A. Martin, J.P. (acting coroner),concerning the death of a swagger, whosebody was found near M'Nab on Sunday.The body was identified as that of David

Gregg, aged about 60 years, who had, some20 years ago, worked on Longbeach (SouthCanterbury). Since then he had worked invarious parts of Southland. The medicalevidence showed that tho " man had beendead for about a week, and that the stomachwas absolutely devoid of food. Death wasdue to exhaustion, shock, and collapse fol-lowing peritonitis, due to inflammation andperforation of the intestines. A verdict inaccordance with the medical testimony wasreturned.

The Wellington Police Force is asking theMinister of Justice to consider the questionof increased wages. Since the war brokeout the policemen have been getting abonusof £ls a year, which, of course, does notgo far to restore the difference between thepurchasing power of tho sovereign in pre-war days and what it is to-day—between13s and 14s. The force is also asking foran improvement in working hours.

Tho executive of the general committeeappointed by the Presbyterian; Methodist,and Congregational Churches in Australiato consider a scheme of reunion met re-cently (says the Melbourne Argus). Aftera long discussion, the basis of reunionagreed upon in Canada between the above-named churches was generally adopted, andwill be presented at a meeting of thegeneral committee to be held in Melbournesome time during the present month. Somedifference of opinion was manifested con-cerning pastoral tenure, but the indefinite-ness provided for in the Canadian schemewas finally agreedi upon. A prominentmember of the executive stated there' wasno discord among members on essentialpoints of doctrine and policy, and whateverdifficulty might be met with in the futurewould' be purely sentimental and rootedin- love for the old order of things Jior itsown sake.

A Press Association message from Wel-lington reports that Sir James Allen (Act-ing Prime Minister) states that it is under-stood that arrangements are being madefor the meeting of Parliament in the latterhalf of October, by which time the PrimeMinister and Minister of Finance will havereturned from their visit to England.

The question has been put to us by resi-dents in the country districts whether thefact that the mails close in Dunedin nightlybefore the time of the arrival of the northexpress involves any delay in forwardingcorrespondence addressed to southern officesthat is brought by that train. The officialsinform us that through mails are notaffected by the present arrangement underwhich the postal facilities have been re-stricted in Dunedin.

A Press Association telegram from Wa-nganui states that at the annual meeting ofthe freezing company on the 28th the ques-tion of the shipping shortage was discussed.The company undertook to provide extrastorage for 30,000 carcases, provided that£IO,OOO of new capital was subscribed.

After the Manuka left Wellington forSydney a fortnight ago (says a Press Asso-ciation telegram from Wellington), the mili-tary authorities learned that six milita.ry re-servists were missing. It was thoughtpossible that the men had departed sur-reptitiously in the Manuka, and the Sydneypolico were advised to watch the vessel onher arrival at Sydney. Search disclosed sixstowaways. There were brought back onTuesday in the Moeraki, along with a youthwho stowed away at Sydney, and werehanded over to the police. Each of the sixstowaways was sentenced to three months'imprisonment on a charge of leaving NewZealand without permits. On charges ofstowing away they were fined £9 each, thecost of their fares, or a month in gaol.The lad Duffy, an ordinary stowaway, wasordered to be detained for police inquiries.

The task of fitting returned soldiers toresume their callings in civil life wastouched upon by the Acting Prime Minister(Sir James Allen), at Wellington on the24th ult. General Richardson was doinga great work in this direction in England,he said, and it was hoped to co-ordinatethat work in New Zealand. They wouldhave to deal with all classes of men, andhe did not like to think they would neglecteven the worst elements. The small per-centage of men who came under the head-ing of "bad" would have to be consideredjust the same as the better class of men.If they succeeded in saving half a dozenof these men they would have done a verygood work. Tho announcement was re-ceived with applause.

Referring fo tho war. on the 24th ult.,at Wellington, the Governor-general said:"Slowly but surely we are progressing to-wards the goal, which we hope before longto reach. The path is very tortuous . . .

but we are now very near the crest, if wehave not already reached It." Lord Liver-pool added that tho people should not bedeceived with the idea that victory would

see the end of our troubles. We had toface the work of reconstruction, and itwould be many years before the nationcould resume the even tenor of its way.Everything possible would have to be doneto bring about a better understanding be-tween capital and labour. The solutionwould not be found in any hard and fastregulations, but only by approaching thosubject in a reasonable, human manner.

In giving evidence before the MilitaryService Board on the 26th (says the South-land Times) Mr A. L. Wyllie, senior in-spector of schools for Southland, said: "Asto the future supply of teachers, the out-look is most discouraging. The numberof those offering themselves is much smaller,their initial qualifications'are lower, and thepercentage of males is smaller year by year.In addition to this many of them apply forappointment as adult teachers before theirtraining is completed, and the board isforced in many cases through the want oftrained teachers to appoint them to suchpositions."

The Rev. R. S. Gray, referring at Wel-lington to tho issues proposed by theModerate Party to be put to the people,said that if prohibition gained 39,000 votes,national ownership 36,000, and continuanceonly 50,000, yet because none had got amajority of the votes nothing would bocarried, and things would be "as you were."A deputation had waited on Sir JamesAllen, and had told him that if Cabinetallowed the issue of State-control to go ontho naper the Prohibition Party would de-mand an immediate poll, without compensa-tion, to be decided by a bare majority,with preferential voting. Sir James Allenhad expressed himself opposed to State con-trol. . .

For some time there has been a war riskof Is per cent, on coastal shipping travers-ing in the mine zones. A Press Associa-tion telegram from Wellington states thatan additional 2s per cent, on freight is nowimposed. This does not affect the eastcoast trade.

It is hoped that the new AnglicanCathedral will be opened for divine serviceon the' Ist December next. The Primatehas communicated with Archbishop Clarke,of Melbourne, asking him to preach at theopening service.

I The Minister of Mines stated on the 30th: (says a Press Association' telegram from

Wellington) that boring operations had beenin progress for some months on the State

! mine reserve at Point Elizabeth. It was' anticipated that a good new coalfield would

be opened up, but the matter was not yetone of definite knowledge. A report willbe submitted to the Minister soon.

There are 16 soldiers at the Red CrossConvalescent Home just now, Private Sheathaving returned home to Clinton. The RedCross Society received an anonymous dona-tion of £IOO on Friday.

A reservist named J. J. M'Cluskey wasarrested at Ranfurly on Thursday by Con-stable Bandy, on a charge of failing to at-tend for medical examination. He wasbrought to Dunedin last night, and washanded over to the military authorities.

At the meeting of the General Labourers'Union on Wednesday the fatal accidentwhich recently occurred at Shiel's Quarrywas fully discussed, and the secretary wasinstructed to send the following to allquarry-owners in tlie district:—(1) That allquarries should be worked from the top;(2) that no men should be allowed to workhi places where an overburden exists orwhere a fall has not properly completeditself; (3) that no men should be placedin positions of possible danger; (4) and thatthis union regards any departure from, theabove as wilful negligence and will infuture sue under common law should anaccident take place through any evasion ofthe above clauses. Representations arealso being made to the Minister on thematter.

Regulations prescribing special tenures,financial provisions, and provision for dwell-ings were gazetted under the DischargedSoldiers' Settlement Act last week. Theregulations provide that the amount of ad-vance that may be made to any one personunder the Act, including all other ad-vances made to the same person, and stillunpaid, shall not exceed £SOO, except thatthe Minister, if, in his opinion, special cir-cumstances render such amount inadequate,may authorise an additional advance notexceeding £250. In no case is theamount advanced for buildings to exceed£250 j and all moneys advanced are to besecured by way of first mortgage, with acollateral bill of sale as further securityin the case of money advanced for the pur-chase of stock and implements. As re-gards dwellings, it is provided that landsot apart for the purpose of section 4 ofthe Discharged Soldiers' Settlement Act,1907, shall be divided into such allotments

as the Minister may direct; and the Minis-ter may cause to be erected thereon build-ings suitable for soldiers' residences, or mayconvert any building thereon into soldiers'residences, and from time to timemay alter, enlarge, repair, rebuild,and improve any such dwellings;that the capital ■ value of any dwell-ings disposed of under these regtilations shallnot exceed £1000; and that the Land Board,with the consent of the Minister, may dis-pose, of any such allotment to a dischargedsoldier under agreement to purchase.

In the City Police Court on .Friday, -be-fore Mr J. R. Bartholomew, S.M., Ja&Robertson, a middle-aged man who had pre-viously pleaded guilty to a charge of as-saulting a little girl about 10 years ofage, came up for sentence. Chief Detec-tive Bishoi_> stated that the accused had beenemployed at the Taieri and Peninsula DairyFactory in King street, as a cheesemaker.It was the custom for little children togo to the factory to gather pieces of broken,boxes for firewood, and the girl concernedhad gone to the factory for this purpose.The incident was reported to the manager,and the accused was immediately discharged,but was arrested later by Detective Cameronon a farm near Oamaru. Accused camefrom Southland, and nothing was knownagainst him previously.> The probationofficer's report showed that accused hadhitherto borno a good character. Accusedsaid he had had no immoral intention, hisconduct being due to a lapse. The Magis-trate said that the circumstances showedthat had accused not been disturbed a moreserious offence would have been committed.Young girls must be .protected, and accusedwould be" sentenced to six months' im-prisonment, with hard labour.

"I think that if there is one thing theHun regrets having started the use of itis poisoned gas," said the Rev. W. Walker,Chaplain to the Forces, in the course ofan address in Christehurch. He continued:"There is not the slightest doubt that, atthe beginning gas gave him many advan-tages; but so splendid is our protectionto-day that, on one. night when 7000gas shells were fired by the Germans nota casualty could be traced to them. Onenight 28,000 shells were fired, but I heardof only just a few—half-a-dozen—who weregassed, and do not know that one deathresulted. If the Germans started its use,certainly the British have perfected it. Wecannot afford to let the enemy use the mostdiabolical, despicable weapon without "giv-ing him back some of his own coin. " Wenow use very much more gas, a worse.fcind of gas, and more effective methodsthan do the Germans. I can quite under-stand the Germans sending a message toSwitzerland agreeing to give up the useof poison gas-if the Allies would do thesame I"

The Minister of Defence has written tothe North Canterbury Hospital Board ask-ing for the loan of the services of Dr Black-more for four months within the next threeior four months in connection with the estab-lishment of a tuberculosis hospital at Wai-pukurau for- returned soldiers. The de-partment offered to pay all expenses..

It is understood that the scow HazelRepton, which is owned by Messrs Brown-lee, Ltd., of Kilbirnie Wellington, is underoffer to Captain Sundstrum, of Dunedin,who wishes to find tonnage for the exportof two large boilers and other machineryfor the Straits Settlements.

In reporting to the Pope the desecrationby Germans of 180 Catholic churches in oneday, Bishop Crooy, of.. Tourney, Belgium,wrote:—"Most Holy Father,—l fulfil apainful duty in informing your Holiness ofprofanations perpetrated by the Bavarianarmy in our churches. On November 14, at6 o'clock a.m., soldiers invaded about one-third of the churches of my diocese. Theystopped the services, expelled the congrega-tion, and forced the priest at the altar tointerrupt the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.Then they searched every corner of thebuildings; they lifted the consecrated stonesof the altars to inspect the interior; in many-eases-they broke the altars, and a number ofsacred vessels were carried away. In numer-ous churches they obliged the priest to openthe tabernacle and show them the contents-of the holy ciborium. In a convent of thiscity the officer in charge took the ciboriumfrom the tabernacle and opened it himselfbecause the nuns had refused to do it.Money and objects of art were taken awayfrom several rectories and convents. Evenconvents of cloistered nuns were invadedby soldiers, the poor religious being at theirmercy." . :

Mr Lamb (secretary of the South IslandDairy Association) wrote to the HarbourBoard at its meeting last week, with re-ference to the association's application forthe use of E shed for the storage of cheese

. for next season, stating that Mr Ouddie(Dairy Commissioner) had inspected theshed, and had advised that he woukT notapprove of an advance on the produce bythe Government unless the shed was in-sulated, winch would cost a considerablesum. 'The factories had therefore decidedto extend the present cool store. Therewas, however, the question of honey cominginto the port to . be considered, andas the association would be unable to storethe commodity it would be prepared tolook after the industry if the board wouldallow the honey to be stored in B shed.Failing provision being- made for storage 1,the honey must go to Timaru or BlufF. Theletter was referred to a sub-committee forconsideration and report. Mr Loudon re-marked that the association had decided toenlarge the store, recently erected by it,at a cost of £4OOO or £SOOO.

Striking exemplification of Americanbanking patriotism is furnished in the fol-lowing letter sent by the first NationalBank of Passadena, California, to a client:"We hold at the present time about50,000 dollars' worth of first mortgagesbelonging to you, on which we collect pay-ment for you. We have held as high aa90,000 dollars of these. We know that youown stock here, and real estate in lowa,that makes you a well-off man. You arewhat a bank regards as a good customer;and we are indebted to you for past busi-ness. You have not subscribed to eitherfirst, second, or third Liberty Loans. You

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The Wellington correspondent of theLyttelton Times states that the forty-sixthdraft of reinforcements, to go into camp be-tween September 10 and 14, comprisesseveral hundred more men than are usuallycalled up, and the question has naturallyarisen whether it is wise to call up moremarried reservists than are actually needed.The point was put to the Minister of De-fence, who replies that there is no fair wayof selecting the men to remain at home,and most of them, having completed theirarrangements to give up civilian life, wouldnow be embarrassed by any postponementof mobilisation. In any case, if the casual-ties of the New Zealand forces at the frontare heavy during the remainder of thefighting season, the men will all bo re-quired, and the camps are becoming empty.So there is to be no postponement of themobilisation of the Class B men called upfor next reinforcements. They can, how-ever, look forward to a brief respite frommilitary duties during the Christmas holi-days.

Several months ago (says the Wellingtoncorrespondent of the Lyttelton Times)batches of the Main Body men were per-mitted to return to New Zealand on fur-lough in cases where it was demonstratedthat they had family obligations necessitat-ing their presence in New Zealand. Whenthe demand for reinforcements increasedthis leave was stopped. It has now beenresumed, and a limited number of men withover three years' service are to be givenleave from the front where circumstances in-dicate hardship. The extent of this privi-lege -largely will depend on the supply ofshipping.

Authentic news has been received fromBagdad that the famous Oriental librarycollected there by the Carmelite Fathershas been burnt by the Turks. The Car-melite Fathers went to Bagdad in theseventeenth century. The library con-sisted of more than 20;COO volumes on sub-jects connected with Mesopotamia, consist-ing in the main of French and English,but also some Italian and Germanworks, and including many rare books.The most important part of thecollection was the 2753 Arab manu-scripts, most of them unique, whichWere bought in the course of last centuryat a cost of thousands of pounds. Thesewere the works of Arabic scholars writtenbetween the seventh and eleventh centuries;most of them had not been printed, and noother copy of them exists.

The Customs duty for the month ofAugust ended on Saturday, collected inDunedin, amounted to £37,127 9s lOd, andthe beer duty to £5849 15s lid. For thesame period last year the Customs duty was£37,297 3s 7d, and the beer duty £5579 Os6d.

Tho vital statistics for Dunedin districtfor the month ending August 31 are asfollow, the figures for the correspondingperiod last year being shown in parentheses:Births, 110 (142); deaths, 121 (89); mar-riages, 30 (35). The number of deathsregistered is exceedingly large, and is thehighest recorded in Dunedin.

The Otago Co-operative Fruit Companyhas now decided not to enforce its previousdecision to charge for fruit cases. Thecoming season's fruit will therefore be soldUnder tho conditions previously existing.

A new Joan of Arc, living in a districtnear Paris, is mentioned by an honoraryY.M.C.A. worker now in France in a letterto her mother, an Auckland .resident. "Shehas," says the writer, ''wonderful visions ofFrance attaining victory after much suffer-ing, but not until she puts the Holy Crossagain on all her banners, and the name ofGod into all her Parliamfatitary documents.Heaps of French people believe in her.She does not go to the army, but hervisions are greatly believed in by the sol-diers."

In his despatch relative to the participa-tion of tho New Zealanders in the generalBritish attack eastward of Hebuteme andGommocourt on August 21, Mr Gordon Gil-mour, representing the Australian PressAssociation, mentions that after reaching

the final line of their objective on that daythe New Zealand troops discovered Gei*manmachine-gunners in the vicinity, and anofficer from Nelson led a party of30, which"worked round a post, and took prisoner ayoung German, whom they sent in to thepost for the purpose of bringing out theothers. The youngster emerged stealthilyand fired, killing a New Zealander. Thiswas the first casualty in this party, whoimmediately rushed, capturing the post andgarrison. Two comrades of the dead NewZealander tossed up whether they shouldshoot the German lad for his treachery.The spin went in the German's favour. Thelad was sent back with the other prisoners.

Speaking at a. farewell to troops at Sydneyrecently, the Governor-General, Sir. RonaldMunro Ferguson, turned to some New Zea-land ers who were present. "I am," he said,"especially glad to wish God-speed to agallant detachment of New Zealanders,whose conduct in every military distinct inAustralia has been admirable throughout.In Perth, as in Sydney, the men of yourcountry have been received as friends andbrothers. But ties have been drawn moreclosely together in the hour of commondanger. You have sent your men regularlyas required, and New Zealand's examplbis one which any country may be proud tofollow. I wish you good fortune, greatglory, and a safe return."

Mr Arthur Rickard, president of the Syd-ney Millions Club, has secured first-handevidence about the brutality of the Germansto the Armenian doctors. An ex-member ofthe club has forwarded to the president aphotograph showing five doctors hanging bythe neck with their .feet about 4ft from theground. Beside them are half a dozenofficers, apparently enjoying the sight. Thedoctors were not hanged in the ordinarysense of the word—they were strangled.The rope was attached to their necks, andthey were held off the ground and allowedto die in agony. The original of this filmwas found .in the camera of a captured Ger-man officer. The film was developed andsent to Australia. Mr Rickard is present-ing the print to the War Museum.

French surgical science pursues its dis-tinguished way though the heavens fall—and this particular manifestation of itperhaps is active just' because the heavenshave been falling these four years past(writes the London correspondent of theSydney Morning Herald). It is concernedwith the 'administration of chloroform; andHeaven knows the French surgeons havehad work enough to do in that regard. Oneof them, Dr Guisez, has found time, how-ever, to extend the possibilities of chloro-form by his study of its application tocases —such, for instance, as those demand-ing operations in the head and neck—-hitherto believed to be unsuited to its useby reason of the attendant risks. The gistof Dr Guiscz's discovery is a new methodof administering- the anaesthetic. Instead ofusing the customary compress, or mask,through which the patient inhales the fumes,he applies the chloroform direct to thelungs by means of a tube. Some hundredsof cases have been so treated by him—-many of them cases which would be re-garded as endangered by the use of chloro-form—with completely satisfactory results,and it is believed in Paris that the* newmethod is a distinctly important advanceupon the old. A secondary result from it isthe entire absence of the chloroform sick-ness which almost invariably ha 3 accom-panied its use. In none of his cases hasDr Guiesez observed this nausea, from whichfact ho concludes that it arises from theabsorption by the stomach of some of thefumes of the drug when it is administeredthrough the mouth.

It is interesting to note (says the Tara-naki Herald) that tho Thrasher, a barquen-tine which recently arrived in New Ply-mouth with benzine and lumber from thoUnited States, is loading a full cargo ofhemp and pelts at that_ port. In the pastthe American sailers which have gone therehave usually left in ballast. Still more in-teresting is the fact that none of the 700tons (or thereabouts) of hemp and peltswhich is to be taken to San Francisco islocal produce; it is all coming from Welling-ton and Wanganui, for shipment at NewPlymouth.

A six-roomed .bouse at Taierl Mouth,owned and occupied bv Mr Thomas M'Cut-cheon (formerly of North-East Valley) wastotallv destroyed by fire last week (saysthe Bruce Herald) At the time of theoutbreak Mrs M'Cutcheon was working inthe garden. She rushed into tho house,but had to make a hurried exit, as theflames had too good a hold. Nothing wassaved, and doubts are entertained by MrM'Gutcheon whether tho insurance policy onthe house and furniture had lapsed. Theoutbreak is supposed to be due to a de-fective ohimney.

SUPREME COURTCIVIL SITTINGS.

Thursday, August 22.(Before his Honor Mr Justice Sim and a

special jury of 12.)STARKEY V. THE DUNEDIN AND KAIKOKAf TEAM

COMPANY.Claim £ISOO, damages for injuries sus-

tained by collision witn the company's caron Highgate, Roslyn. Mr W. C. MacGre-gor, K.C., and Mr iianlon appeared for theplaintiff; Mr A. S, Adams and Mr J. O.Stephens for the defendant.

This partly-heard case was continued. HisHonor, .addressing the jury, reviewed theevidence at length.

At 11 a.m. the jury retired, and it re-turned at 3.50 p.m., when the foremanannounced that the jury had been unableto come to a verdict.

His Honor asked if nine of the jury wereagreed.

The foreman said that by nine to three thejury agreed that both sides were guilty ofcontributory negligence, and that by eightto four they were agreed as to which sidewas the most at fault.

Mr Adams contended that where the find-ing was that each party was equally toblame the defendant was entitled to judg-ment.

Mr MacGregor did not agree with thiscontention.

His Honor could not uphold Mr Adams'sview.

The jury was then discharged from giv-ing a verdict, and, at Mr MacGregor's re-quest, an order was made for a new trialat the next civil sittings.

COTTON V. SHIEL,

(Before his Honor Mr Justice Sim and aspecial jury of 12.)

Claim £2OIK), damages. Mr S. Solomon,K.C., and Mr J. S. Sinclair appeared forthe plaintiff, Mary Ann Cotton, widow; MrA. S. Adams and Mr W. G. Hay for thedefendants (C. and W. Shiel, quarry owners).

The statement of claim set out that theplaintiff was the widow of James Cotton,carter. The deceased had been employedby Charles Joseph Meade, who had con-tracted with the City Corporation for thesupply of horses, drays, and drivers. Thecorporation was entitled to take away metalfrom the defendants' quarry at i'orburyroad, near St. Clair. On the morning ofJuly 3 Cotton was loading material at thequarry, having been directed by HenryJames Harrison (foreman for the defendants)to place his cart and load it at a certainposition below portion of the face of thequarry. While engaged in loading Cottonwas struck by stone falling from the faceand sustained injuries from which he diedon July 8. It was alleged that the injurieswere caused through the negligence andbreach of duty of the defendants and theirservant, Harrison. It was alleged that theposition at which Harrison directed the de-ceased to place his cart was dangerous, thatthe danger was known to the defendantsand their foreman, and that neither the de-fendants nor Harrison made sufficient exami-nation to ascertain whether the face of thequarry was safe. The plaintiff thereforeclaimed £2OOO damages.

The statement ot defence was a generaldenial of the allegations. It also set- outthat Harrison was a competent and carefulmanager and foreman, and that he took allreasonable precaution to ascertain that theface of the quarry close to the place wherethe deceased met with injur}- was safe, andthat he believed it to be safe.

Mr Sinclair, in opening tho case, saidthat when the deceased went to the quarryhe was directed by the foreman where toplace his cart in order to load it. The car-ters always took their instructions fromthe" foreman as to where to load. It wasclaimed, on behalf of tho plaintiff, that theface below which the cart was standing wasdangerous, and t"hat as the danger'ought tohave been known to the defendants or theirforeman it was an act of negligence forHarrison to place the deceased at a dan-gerous position. It would be shown thatprior to the accident the defendants haddono certain blasting on the face, and itwas contended that the over-burden, or aconsiderable portion of it, had not fallen,and that a portion of that over-burden wasdirectly over the place where the deceasedwas told to load his cart. It was the fore-man's duty to examine the face before heallowed anyone to work in any portion ofthe quarry, and on the day of the accidentho apparently inspected tho face and re-corded in tho book: " I examined the faceat 7.15 this morning, and found it safe."The quarry was one that had been workedfrom tho bottom instead of from the top, theresult of which was that there was a certainamount of over-burden which would nothave existed if the quarry had been workedfrom the top. It therefore behoved the de-fendants to show extra oaution to ascertainthat all the over-burden had actually fallen.Evidently, for the purposo of economy andexpedition, the foreman had gambled againstany fall coming down. The deceased hadleft a widow and 10 children, and anotherchild had been born subsequent to hia death.

JDvidoneo was given for the plaintiff's case

by Mary Ann Cotton (plaintiff), CharlesJoseph Meade (carting contractor), and L.0. Beal (civil engineer).

After luncheon, the jury visited thequarry. On resuming at 3 o'clock, furtherevidence was given by Mr Beal, and theother witnesses were: William John Fer-guson (carter, employed by Mr Meade).Hugh Fox (former owner of Glen roadquarry), and F. J. Williams (civil engineer).

Friday, August 23.This partly-heard case was resumed, and

evidence was given by Edwin R. Green(Government Inspector of Mines andQuarries), Alexander Wimpenny (Govern-ment Inspector of Mines and Quarries), Pro-fessor Park (Professor of Mining, OtagoUniversity}, and James Hammond (quarrymanager for the Otago Harbour Board).

Mr Hay, for the defendants, said thatexperts would be called who were practicalquarry men, and all would say that aquarry could not be carried on except atgreat and inevitable risk. That was the-reason why extra premiums were asked byinsurance companies from men working inquarries. Bisk was a necessary incident ofthe occupation and industry of quarrying.If the accident occurred in that way, andif the fall came down in the ordinary wayof quarrying, there was no blame on thedefendants.

Evidence was given by Henry James Har-rision (foreman of Shicls' quarry), DonaldM'Laren .quarryman), James M'Laren(quarryman), George R. Hudson (quarry-man), Benjamin B. Couston (civil engineerand surveyor), Richard A. Palmer (quarrymanager, Logan's Point quarry), MalcolmStevenson (contractor), Harold King (chiefinspector of works, Dunedin Corporation),John Edie (civil engineer and surveyor, andengineer for the Tuapeka County Council),and Professor Waters (iScbool of Mines,Otago University).

This closed the case for the defendants.Saturday, August 24.

'cotton v. shiel.Claim, £2OOO damages. Mr Solomon,

K.C., and Mr J. S. Sinclair appeared forthe plaintiff, Mary Ann Cotton, widow;Mr A. S. Adams and Mr W. G. Hay forthe defendants (O. and W. Shiel), quarry-owners).

This partly-heard case was resumed.Counsel addressed the jury, and his Honorreviewed the evidence.

At 2.15 p.m. the jury retired, and at 4.20p.m. it returned with a verdict for the de-fendants.

Judgment was accordingly entered for thedefendants, with costs according to soale;disbursements and witnesses' expenses tobe fixed by the registrar.

His Honor certified for the costs of aspecial jury and for second' counsel, accord-ing to scale.

WEIR V. HARWOOD.In this case, which was heard recently,

the judgment of Mr Justice Sim has beenfiled, as follows:

On March 8, 1917, the plaintiff agreed inwriting to sell his farm at Puerua to thedefendant in exchange for certain freeholdproperty belonging to the defendant in Bal-clutha. On the same day the plaintiffagreed in writing to sell to ffthe defendantfor £3OO all the stock, farming implements,and chattels on his farm. Both purchaseswere to be completed on April 10, 1917,but before that date the defendant repu-diated both agreements and refused to carrythem out. The plaintiff then commencedthe present action and claimed £l5O- asdamages for the breach of the two agree-ments. The defendants did not file anystatement of defence, but paid £25 intocourt to satisfy the plaintiff's claim. Justbefore the date fixed for the assessment ofdamages the plaintiff filed an amended state-ment of claim in which he claimed £52 7s 8dfor special damages in addition to the £l5Oalready claimed. The hearing was adjournedto enable the defendant to consider thisfurther olaim and afterwards was fixed forAugust 15. On the morning of that daythe defendant paid into court a further sumof £l7 15s, making a total of £42 15s paidinto court. The question to be determinedis whether or not the plaintiff is entitledto recover more than the amount paid intocourt. On a sale of land the vendor's rightto damages is governed by the general rule,and he is entitled to damages for the lossof his bargain. But where he has notparted with his estate in the land, he islimited to the loss which he has actuallysustained—that is to say, the difference, ifany, between the value of the land asremaining on his hands at the date of thebreach and' the price agreed to be paid.The rule is the same in tho case of a saleof goods: "Sale of Goods Act, 1908," sec-tion 51. The plaintiff has not proved thathe has suffered any loss of bargain in con-nection with eithor the exchange or the saleof tho chattels, and on this head he is notentitled to recover more than nominal dam-ages. His claim for special damages re- [mains, then, t.p be considered. Tho totalamount claimed; is £52 7s Bd, which includesfive separate items. Mr Finch admitted,quite properly, that two of these could notbe maintained. The remaining three itemsare as follow.;—(a) Amount of law costs

paid by plaintiff to his solicitor for advicaand professional services in connection withthe agreements, £6 3s 2d; (b) amount ofcommission on sale by way of exchangepaid to Messrs Sievwright, Haggitt, andCo., Ltd., £32 15s; .(c) amount of expense*paid by plaintiff in visiting Balclutha, £25s; —total, £4l 3s 2d. The defendant admitsthat the plaintiff is entitled. to recover thaamount paid for commission, and he haspaid into court sums more than sufficientto cover this and the other two itemsclaimedas" special damage The payments into couriwere made generally and not in respect ofany particular items, and the defendant isentitled to rely on those payments as adefence to the items in respect of whichthe plaintiff is entitled to succeed. As thadefendant has paid in more than sufficientto cover the three items now claimed asspecial damage, and the nominal sum,. say.£l, to be allowed for funeral damages, isis unnecessary to consider the. questionraised by Mr Stewart in connection withtwo of these three items. The plaintiff hasfailed, thereforo, to establish that he is en-titled to recover more than the amount pajdinto court, and" the defendant is entitled toa judgment in his favour. There remains,then, the question of costs.. If the defen-dant had made the second payment intocourt earlier ho would have been entitled, Ithink, to be allowed the costs of the triaLBut that payment was 'made so late thaithe plaintiff was not allowed any time to-consider whether or not he would acceptit, and, in the circumstances, the propercourse will be to leave each party to payhis own costs. Judgment accordingly fordefendant, without ccsts. As there was nodenial of liability, the plaintiff will be en-titled to uplift without, any order of thacourt the money paid in by the defendant.

FREE KINDERGARTENASSOCIATION.

STREET COLLECTION.A collection was taken up on Friday,

under the auspices of the Dunedin FreeKindergarten Association, for the purposeof raieing funds with which to carry onits work. Early in the day a message wasreceived from the Minister thatthe Government subsidy was to be slightlyincreased, and this stimulated the effortsof the collectors to gather in as much,money as possible, and thus add to theaggregate amount. A start was made at7.45 a.m. and the collections were taken uptill 6 p.m. Mr Bannerman kindly under-took the counting at the Bank of NewZealand.

The appeal was made by means of fivestalls for the sale of flowers, sweets, cakes,produce,, etc., and by taking round collect-ing boxes. Mrs R. Gilkison (president) andMiss C. E. Glendining (secretary) managedthe business side of the appeal from anoffice in Water street.

The total amount collected came to £290ss. 9d.

September 4, 1918. -OTAGO Witness 5

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DANGER IN THE HOUSE.Always Keep Zam-buk Handy.

The home is a more dangerous placethan most people imagine. Seldom a day-passes without some member of the familyhappening ■an accident. Housework is re-sponsible for no end of bruiees and knocks.Cooking often results in cuts, burns, andscalds, while the children are always "inthe wars." Consequently, no home canafford to be without a pot of Zam-Buk.

For the sprained ankle or wrist, the cutfinger or bruised forehead, the burn orscald, the soothing, healings and antisepticaid of Zam-Buk is indispensable. Zam-Bukstopa infection by disease germs, and pre-vents eczema and blood-poison. There isno danger of a festered hand or a poisonedknee after Zam-Buk has been applied toa wound.

Mrs Theresa Riddle, of 54 Renwiokstreet, Rcdfern, Sydney, writes:

"My little daughter, Alma, fell andbruised her knee some lime ago. Itfestered and became very much inflamed,continuing in this state for a long time*.Then I decided to try Zam-Buk, and thofirst application was must soothing. Con'tinued treatment with Zam-Buk cleansedtho wound of all bad matter, and in ashort time the leg was thoroughly healed.

"My husband also had his hand[poisonedthrough running a fork into it. The handbecame verv much swollen and inflamed,but he used Zam-Buk, and after a fewapplications the inflammation was takenout. The swelling soon disappeared andthe wound -was healed."

A Golden Rule for every home fst-Keep Zam-Buk Always Handy. DON"J?run risks by depending upon common oint-ments and salves, -the coarseness and im-purity of which is a positive danger. Zam-Buk, unsurpassed for banishing skin andscalp diseases, and quickly healing cuts,sores, and flesh wounds, ie obtainable of allchemists and stores at J_s 6d and 3s 6dper pot.

GARDEN & ORCHARD.Bi D. Tamnock.

WORK FOR THE WEEK.

THE GREENHOUSE AND NTJESEBY.Seedlings of nemesia and some of the other

early sown annuals will now be ready forpricking off. This is usually done in boxesmade from old fruit cases; they are madeabout four inches deep, with holes in thebottom to provide drainage. A soil mix-ture for growing on seedlings needs to befairly rich to ensure a rapid and satisfactorygrowth. It should consist of one part loam,one part old potting soil, one part leaf-mould, one part well' decayed stable rhanure,and half a part sand and lime rubble. Ifthe loam is not too rich, and there is a diffi-culty in obtaining the stable manure, bonemeal at the rate of a 6in potful to a barrow-load of the soil should be added.

Mix the soil thoroughly, and pass itthrough a sieve, and the rough materialwhich is sifted out should be mixed with anequal quantity of stable manure and usedfor crocking the boxes, a layer an inch ormore thick being placed in the bottom ofeach box to assist drainage. Fill up the boxto the top with the sifted soil, make leveland press down with the levelling tool, or apiece of board, making it fairly firm. Anordinary fruit case will make two boxes, andeach will hold 80 seedlings. Mark off thesoil into 10 rows, and in each plant eightseedlings, which will be 80 seedlings to eachbox. Water the seed boxes or pots beforelifting to cause tho particles of soil toadhere to the roots, lift them carefully, witha peg make a hole about 2in deep and largeenough to allow the roots to drop into iteasily, press the soil in round the seedlings,and after the box is filled give a goodwatering to settle the soil and wash thefine particles in among the fibrous roots.

Place the newly-pricked-out seedlings inthe warm greenhouse, and shade from sun-shine for a day or two until thev becomeestablished in the new soil, after which theycan be placed in the cool house, where theywill receive more air, and when well grownthey can be placed out in the frames andgradually hardened off.

Bedding plants should be well grown be-fore they are placed outside, and they shouldbe properly hardened off before plantingthem in the beds and borders. There is nouse thinking of planting out annuals foranother month or six weeks yet.

THE VEGETABLE GAHDEN.A sowing of cabbage, cauliflower, and

lettuce can be made in a cold frame or in asheltered warm border outside, to provideplants for the main crop. As birds andmice are very fond of seeds, and often doconsiderable damage, it is wise to coat themwith red lead as a protection. Place theseeds intended for sowing in a little tin, addsome dry red lead and moisten sufficientlyto cause tho red lead to adhere to the in-dividual seeds, stir until the seeds are allevenly coated. Peas, turnips, and radishseeds can also bo coated with red lead inthe same way before sowing.

Tho seed bed should be forked up andmade fine, raked and levelled and madefairly firm. Sow the seeds evenly and thinly,rake in, and cover with just sufficient finedry soil to hido all the seeds, then firmwith the back of the spade and cover withV,."..>.-l,«c for shade and shelter.

A planting of early potatoes can be madenow .i i well-drained, warm border. Thesoil should have been manured with stablemanure, and dug and trenched last autumn.Break up the surface with a fork or manuredrag, level it slightly, and mark out thedrills at 2ft apart. There are three ways ofplTiitinjr early potatoes, all of which havetheir advocates. The first method is to

draw a drill about 4in deep with a hoe andplant the sets in it, afterwards sowing thechemical manure and filling in the soilagain with the hoe or rake.

Another method is to plant with thedibber. Holes are made about a foot apartand Sin to 4in deep, and into theso the setsare dropped, the sprout end upwards, alittle looso soil being dragged in to coverthem, with tho hoe or manure drag.

Another method is to set * tho lino andplant tho sets with the trowel. This is thequickest and best method; there is no dangerof breaking off tho sprout, and thero is nounnecessary tramping over the loose ground.To drag all tho soil out forming drills is awasto of time and energy, and wren the soilis moist or heavy the dibber is apt tomako it too firm round the hole.

Sprouted sets should bo used, and if thesewere set up on their ends in the autumnor winter, the early kinds should have nicegreen, strong sprouts about half an inchlong, If there are a number of sprouts, theycan be reduced to two on each set, andwhole sets of a fairly good size should boplanted for* tho first early crop. Afterplanting the ground should be left fiat;there is no advantage in forming ridgesuntil the plants are large enough forearthing up. Early varieties are EarlyPuritan, Jersey Bennes, or the proper nameof which is, 1 understand, Jersey Bonheuror good early Snowdrop and Express. Theplanting of second earlies and the maincrop varieties can be held over for a fort-night at least.

As soon as tho soil is dry enough the firstsowings of turnips, carrots, spinach, let-tuce, peas, and early beetroot can be made.The ground should have been dug andmanured in the autumn or winter; it canbe forked over or broken up to a depth of4in with tho manure drag, care beingtaken not to bury the fine soil formed onthe surface as a result of tho influence offrost and sunshine. Mako the surfacelevel with the rake, and remove any largestones and weeds.

Mark off the rows at the desired distanceapart with sticks,, set the line and drawstraight and neat drills, for not only arestright drills nicer in appearance thancrooked ones, they also mean an economy inspace.

The row on the outside of the plot shouldbe one of peas or broad beans, so that itwill grow up and provide shelter for theother things, and by distributing the rowsof peas and runner beans through the othercrops we get shelter, and the tall varietiesgot more sun when growing among dwarfkinds. Next the row of peas or beans sowa row of lettuce (All the Year RoundCabbage variety, or Luxury). Lettuce seedsare very small, and don't require muchcovering. Draw a drill half an inch deep,sow the seeds thinly and evenly, andcover with some fine dry soil, which canbe made quite firm. If the soil was notmanured when dug, a dusting of bone meal,superphosphate, or guano can be sown inthe drills on top of the seeds.

At 15in from the lettuce sow a row ofearly turnips—Early White Milan, EarlySnowball, or Early White Stone will do.Draw a drill about an inch deep, sow theseeds thinly in, sow a little chemical manureon top of them, and cover with fine soil,which can be made firm with the headof the rake.

Next sow a row of carrots—Early FrenchHorn or Plevna Stump Rooted will do.The carrot seed will be sown in exactly thesame way as the turnip. At 16in fromthe turnips sow a row of Early Egyptianturnip-rooted beet. . The beet seed is largerthan either turnip or carrot, and will haveto be sown a little deeper. Draw thedrills one and a half inches deep and sowfar thinner than either turnips or car-rots ; cover and firm in the usual way.Twelve inches from the beet, sow a rowof round-leaved or summer spinach; itsseeds are smaller than tho beet and shouldbe sown in a similar way to carrots.Twelve inches from the row of spinachsow a row of poas; the early varieties willhave been in about a month, and sowingsmade now can bo the main crop varieties,such as Sutton's Dwarf Defiance, Tele-phone, and Rev. Dr Stuart. Peas are sownin flat, shallow drills about two inchesdeep and five inches wide; sow the seedsthinly and evenly, dust with bone meal orsome kind of phosphate, cover by pushingthe soil in with the feet, and tramp tomake firm if the soil is dry; if wet coverwith some dry soil and firm with the headof the rake.

At 12ift from the peas grow another row ofspinach; Jt is a very valuable green vegetable for early spring, as it matures soquickly, and when cleared away leavesplenty of room to get in to stake, cultivate,and pick the peas.

As radishes pass so quickly, and only &

small seed sowing need be made about oncea fortnight, it is better to sew them on anarrow border near the path, where theycan be got easily. Scatter the

_

seedsthinly over the surface, rake them in andcover with half an inch of fine soil. Mus-tard and cress can also be sown on a smallborder, and to maintain a supply a littleshould be sown once a fortnight. Aftersowing and covering the seeds they shouldbe covered with pieces of branches ormanuka scrub to shade and shelter thesoil, and to protect the seedlings as theyappear through the ground.

If cabbage and cauliflower plants can bohad, a row of each should be plantednow, but they should bo early varieties.

Early sowings should not be large, arow 20ft lonjr of each kind will be sufficientfor an ordinary family.

ANSWERS TO CORESPONDENTS.O.H.S. —Wire worms are probably one of

the worst pests which the gardener has tocontend with; they are the grub stage ofthe click beetle, which lays its oggs at thebase of grass plants, and occasionally inthe lower leaves of grasses. The grubsstart eating as soon as hatched, aud con-tinue to- eat voraciously for about threeyears. They are particularly bad on newlybroken pasture land, but are fonud in landwhich has been cultivated for some time aswell. When breaking up g'rass land whichthey infest the surface should be skimmedoff and burned, but even then there will,be a number fairly deep down which willescape. By bare fallowing for a season andkeeping the ground free from weeds of everykind, you will starve them out, and it ismost important to keep all the vegetablequarters free from weeds when the crop hasbeen collected. A heavy application ofgas lime in the autumn is said to destroygrubs and everything else, and as theyare said to disbke white mustard a crop ofit would starve them out, and it could beturned in for green manure. In potatoesthe wireworm destroy more than they eat,and it is good practice to encourage vigor-ous growth by good cultivation and manur-

ing. Givo a dressing of kainit at the rateof 21b per square rod, quick linio at trierate of 101 b to the square rod, and nitrateof soda at the rate of a pound per squarerod, the first two at planting time, thelast before earthing up.

W.M.—Berberis vulgaris is easily pro-pagated by means of seeds, or suckers witha piece of root attached can be taken off,but we never grow it from cuttings. Thesuckers can be taken off any time whilethe plant is at rest.

When the Waimate Borough Councillorsvisited Waihaorunga on the 22nd Mr Wil-liam Black kindly showed them through hisorchard, and insisted on one and all helpingthemselves to samples of the many poodkind of apples which ho grew there. Whenasked what ho used for keeping his treesfreo from blight he stated that he foundsheep dip in a strength of from 30 to 35 to 1applied with a brush early in the winterto be most effective. An inspection of histrees proved that tho remedy was all hoclaimed for it.

THE APIARY.By J.A

SWARM CONTROLLast weak wo dealt with the subject of

swarm control by clipping the queens andallowing natural swarming, only beingcareful to prevent after-swarming. Thisweek we wish to speak of the method thatwe have practised more or less for a goodmany years among our own bees. It isreally a modification of the method prac-tised by the late Mr Alexander. We watchfor the first symptom that the bees arepreparing for swarming. This in South-land, under ordinary management, is usu-ally about the last week of November; but,of course, no definite date can bo given,so much depends on locality and season.At that time each colony should have onone super separated from the broodnestby an excluder, and bo fully occupied bybees, the queen having a full broodnest.Not much smoke is used, as at that timethe bees can be easily handled without,and it is better to handle them quietly.Tho first thing to do is to remove thesuper to one side. We usually remove thecover and put it to one side, under sideup, and then remove the super and placeit on the cover. The mat is nearly alwaysattached by propolis to tho tops of theframes, and we leave it so. This disposesof the super. We then remove the ex-cluder and, taking out the outside combnearest to us and leaving it aside, goquietly over the combs until w© come tothe one on which is the queen; this islifted out, bess- 'and all, and placed" inanother super ready and provided withnine brood combs or frames with fullsheets of foundation. Wc place' the combwith the queen on in the centre, then,removing the old broodnest, we place thisone m its place and put on the excluder,thmi th?. super sst aside with bees m it,and, last of all, after removing the mat,put on the old broodnest on top. Thiswill require one oomb in lieu of the on©removed with the queen, which should bt»Eut m at one side. The colony will now

e three stories high. The lower one willcontain the queen, with only one frame ofbrood and empty combs. Then imme-diately above ths- excluder will bo ex-tracting super, which contains no brood,and on _ top will be the old broodnestAbout eight days later this old broodnestshould be looked oyer for queen cells—thatis, if an attempt it going to be .made todo without increase; but we prefer to re-move it, and, along with the tops of twoothers similarly treated, put it on a newstand. In that case no attention need bopaid to the queen cells. The field beeswill go back to their old stands, and thoqueen cells all but one torn down, andabout the time that the last of the oldbrood has hatched there will be a laying1queen and a great army of bees. Thismeans an increase of 25 per cent. Thismethod lends itself to a great variety ofways of treatment. The best of which,cvhen putting on the first super, is to placeit underneath, using no excluder. Then,when the queen has begun to lay in th©bottom story, to take out a side frameof the top one, which will be full of brood,and givo each comb a shake to dislodgethe bees and make thenl run down below.In this way tho queen in most cases willgo down. Then remove the top story, putin an excluder, and on that super of emptyextracting combs, and then on top of allthe story of full brood combs. The resultobtained is very similar, but probably thislatter way Avill be fully better. It can cer-tainlv be made very much better if, whenputting in the super below, a few—saytwo or three—combs of sealed honey areput into it This will induce brood-rearingand mean stronger colonies. The mainpoint in this system is the saving of alltho brood. In some of the older systemsof s shook swarming there was . always aloss of eggs and young larvae when thequeen and major portion of the field beeswas removed. Mr Alexander found that,by placing the brood back on top of theold hive, this was saved. It is well, also,always to have a super of combs betweenthe oomb in the bottom story and thebrood on top, thus making a complete breakand securing for the queen better atten-.lion.

THE "HAND" HJVE AND SYS-TEM OF BEE MANAGEMENT.

Mr A B. Tryfhall, beekeeper, EuakuraFarm ~of Instruction, has contributed aninteresting article on the above subject totho August number of tho New ZealandJournal of Agriculture. We append thefirst portion of the article, and hope topublish tho concluding portion nextweek:

What is considered the best experimentundertaken at Euakura apiary during thelast two seasons has been a test of the"Hand" system of working bees for honeyand increase. This system is based on aspecial floor-board invented by Mr J. E.Hand, of Birmingham, Ohio, "U.S.A., anddescribed in his book entitled "Beekeepingby Twentieth-century

_Methods."

_

Anepitome of the system is also given in tho"ABC and XYZ of Bee Culture" (1913edition), certain portions of which are em-bodied in this article.

One great advantage of the Hand system_is that the floor-board is the only part thatdiffers from'the beekeeper's ordinary plant,so that all other appliances fall into linowithout any alteration whatever. This floor-board is of double width, capable of takingtwo hive-bodies side by side. There areentrances on all four sides. Those at thefront and the back oan be manipulated

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by means of a pivoted switch or lever in

such a way as to throw tho flying-beea intoeither right or left body-boxes at will, thesliding-levcr closing the entrance to oneside as it opens the other. The entrancesafc each end are auxiliary only.

The System Explained.—To explain the system of management,

wo will persume that a stock of bees hasbeen placed on the left side of the Handfloor-board with the switches arranged sothat the flight entrance is at the front.We will suppose also that the ordinaryapring management has brought the hive

- up to full strength as early in the seasonaa possible. By about the end of Octoberin the Waikato district the bees should bostrong enough to have fairly we 1 faileda super in addition to their brood-chamber,and preparations for swarming might beexpected at any time.

from about this 'time the Hand systemof management really commences. It con-sists of four separate operations extending

, over the following six to eight weeks, andfor ease of reference in describing theseoperations we will refer to the hive on theleft side of the floor-board as No. 1, andthat on the right side as "No. 2 ; themain entrances to either hive as frontand "back" respectively, and the auxiliaryentrances as "left" and "right. Detailsof the four manipulations are as follows:

(1) On a fine day when bees are flyingfreely and numbers will be out in thefields remove super from No. 1 and placeit on right side of floor-board (No. 2), andexohar.ge the central comb for a comb ofbrood and bees, including the queen fromNo. 1; put on No. 2 a queen-excluder anda super of empty combs, and close _ thehive. Next throw over the front switch,thus in one operation closing the entranceto No. 1 and opening one leading to No.2. This is done without changing theappearance or position of the outsideentrance, which is always open full width.The returning field-bees will enter No. 2without any Tiesitation, and through theiracoustorrfed entrance, thus causing no dis-turbance; and finding their own queen anda small brood-nest with plenty of availablespace the? will settle down to hard work.Now throw the switch at the back to pro-vide a new entrance to No. 1, which hasbeen so smoothly robbed of its field-bees,and which is now given a young layingqueen to take the place of the one removedto No. 2.

(2) In about, eight to 10 days' timeexamine No. 1, and see that the youngqueen has been accepted and is layingfreely. If the hive is very full of' bees,

' which it probably will bo owing to thecontinuous hatching of young bees, againthrow over the back lever, thus draftingthe flying-bees to No. 2, into which theywill run as though nothing had happened.This will usually settle the swarming ques-tion during the honey-flow. Both switchentrances to No. 1 being now closed, weopen the auxiliary entrance at the left-hand end. Both hives can now usuallybe left from four to six weeks withoutattention other than the giving of additionalsuper accommodation if needed.

(3) At the end of a month to six weeks(which, in the "Waikato would probably beabout the middle of December, and there-fore the usual time for the commencementof our honey-flow) the condition of thehives would most likely be as follows:—No.1 would have bro'od-nest full from sideto side, with abundance of bees, and headedby young queen. No. 2 would have fullbrood-nest under excluder, with abundanceof bees, and headed by tho old queen,who would now be all the better for a littlerest. Honey would probably be coming innioely to the super or supers above. Wenow remove the excluder and supers fromNo. 2 and place them over No. 1, and onthe top of all place an additional emptysuper, into which are placed all the- framesof brood and bees from No. 2, with theexception of two with adhering bees andqueen, which are left behind. Now closeNo. 1, and throw over both front andback switches, closing entrance to No. 2and drafting the full force of field-bees fronvboth hives > into No. 1. Now, returning toNo. 2, which we left open with old queenand two good frames" of brood with plentyof adhering bees, fill in the hive with eightempty combs, and close up, and, as bothswitch entrances have been closed, open theauxiliary entrance at right end.

(4) Eight days later examine the eightbrood-frames transferred to tho top chamberof No. 1, and cut out any queen-cells thatmay have been formed there.

In all these manipulations a careful watchmust be kept to see that a supply of storesis always present in each half, so as toprovide against any possible dearth of nectarfrom outside.

Condition of the Hives Described.—The hives may now be described as fol-

lows :—No. 1, having a young queen whohas laid comparatively few eggs, will not bolikely to oast a swarm, especially as it hasa double entrance (front and back), andan end entrance on the left, aided by a linspace under the frames, making about thestrongest combination imaginable for theprevention of swarming. In addition to itsown brood-nest under excluder, it has anynumber up to eight frames of brood in itstop story, the bees of which, when hatched,will provide an extra army of honey-gatherers. It also has all the flying-beesfrom both No. 1 and No. 2. Therefore,with such an enormous population just asthe main honey-flow is coming on, and withonly ono brood-nest proper to maintain andattend to, it should be able to store themaximum amount of honey obtainable, andshould require no further attention duringthe season other than to be kept well sup-plied with abundance of super accommoda-tion. No. 2 is practically a nucleus hive,which should without difficulty build upby the end of tho season into a good colonywith plenty of stores to winter on. The oldqueen, after having had strenuous springwork, is forced to take a semi-rest, andthereforo should bo equal to good workanother year; but should there be a sporeyoung queen on hand at any time it wouldbo easy to superscdo tho former if thoughtfit. This hive gives the 100-pcr-cent. in-crease with little labour. When the bees areresting in winter it can bo moved to anew stand of its_ own. Should, however,no increase be desired, it is a simple matter,at the third manipulation to kill the oldqueen, and put her whole brood-nest on topof No. 1, instead of reserving the two framesof brood for increase as before arranged.It is necessary to add that the periods givenfor tho various manipulations are onlyapproximate; every beekeeper must beguided by tho conditions of his own dis-trict and its flora.

(To be continued.)

WAR HONOURSAWARDED NEW ZEALANDERS.

DECORATIONS FOR NURSES.

Tho following list of New Zealanders/whohave had honours and awards conferredupon them is supplied by the Base RecordsO-Ticc. The names of the next-of-kin orthe address of soldiers who have returnedare given in parentheses. Except whereotherwise mentioned, all the recipients areon active service:—

C.M.G.Temporary Brigadier-general George N.

Johnston (Mrs G. N. Johnston, wife,Paris).

ROYAL RED CROSS, FIRiST CLASS.Matron Vida M. K. MacLean (Finlay Mac-

Lean, Hunterville).ROYAL RED CROSS, SECOND CLASS.Sister Mary L. Christmas (John E. Christ-

mas, Christchurch).(Sister Rose G. Fanning (Mrs S. Fanning,

Christchurch).Sister Matilda Fricker (Mrs Fricker. Auck-

land). .Sister Alicia Ingles (Mis 3 Ingles, Christ-

church).Sister Emily M. Nutsey (Mrs S. Nutsey,

Auckland).Sister Florence E. Siddells (Mrs Jame« Sid-

dells, Wanganui).Sister Isabel Wright (W. P. Wright, Inver-

cargill).Sister Carrie Young (Miss G. Young, Auck-

land).Sub-matron Jean C. Dodds (Miss C. Dodds,

Beaconsfield, Otago).M.M.

Sapper Alexander J. M'Lean (A. M'Lean,father, Maraekakaho).

M.S.M.Colour Sergeant Adam Adarhson (Captain

E. Nichol, friend, Bluff).Bombadior Daniel J. Alabaster, returned to

New Zealand (D. Alabaster, father, 14Apuga street, Brooklyn).

R.S.M. Cecil Asher (Mrs S. Asher, wife,London :E. A. Asher, father, 23 Marionstreet, Wellington).

Sergeant Thomas Black (John Black, father,Opotiki).

Lance-corporal Harry H. Boundy (Mr J. G.Boundy, father, Christchurch).

Sergeant Benjamin R. Bray (Arthur Bray,father, Waikouaiti)..

>Senior Sergeant John C. Cameron (J. C.Cameron, father, Dunedin).

W. O. Class 2, R.Q.M.S. Cecil H. Child(A. B. Child, brother, Dunedin).

Gunner Richard D. Cochran (Mrs A.Cochran, mother, Salek street, Kil-birnie).

Lance-corporal Alfred Dawson (Mr J. Daw-son, Stewart Island).

Gunner Claud Dent (Mrs E. W. Dent,mother, Auckland).

Rifleman William Dewar (Robert Dewar,brother, Renfrew, Scotland).

Sergeant Alfred J. Dumper (Mrs E.Dumper, mother, Auckland).

Sergeant Harold F. Eaton (Mrs A. Eaton,mother, Dunedin).

Private Edwin A. Findlay (Mrs A. Findlay,mother, Martinborough).

Private Archibald Flint (Mrs Flint, mother,West Plains, Southland).

Sergeant Jame 6 P. Glentworth (H. Glent-worth, father, Urenui, Taranakr)r.

Corporal James A. Graham (A. Graham,father, Onaero, Taranaki).

C.S.M. George Grant (John Grant, father,Thames).Senior Sergeant Gerald F. Gray (John

Gray, father, Christchurch).Lance-corporal Frank J. P. Hallett (Mrs R.Martin, Rotorua).Senior Sergeant Clement D. Hart (Mrs H.

E. Hart, mother, Christchurch).Private Leonard J. Harvey (Mrs K. E.

Harvey, mother, Auckland).Sergeant Victor H. Hawthorne (James

Hawthorne, father, Hastings).Sergeant Chas.. J. Henty (Robert G. Henty,

father, Hastings).Rifleman Michael Hickey (W. Hickey,

father, Temuka).Lance-corporal Robert .E. Hooker (W.

Hooker, brother. New Brighton).Private Chas. J. Hume (Mr R. Hume,

father. Northern Wairoa).Private Harry T. Jeffries (Mrs P. Jeffries,

mother, Christen urch).Sergeant Hawea Korei (Potuatua Korei,

father, Tokaanui).Sergeant Bas Kingdon (Mrs A. E. King-

don, mother, Brandon street, Seatoun).Sergeant Alfred Lakeman (Mrs M. A.

Lakeman. mother, London).Rifleman William H. F. Law (Mrs E. Law,

mother, Picton).Gunner Jack Lemon (Mrs M. Lemon,

mother, Kawakawa).Sergeant Daniel M. Logan (F. Logan, Tau-

ranga).Lance-corporal William Lynn (Mrs M. ,Lynn, mother, Cavershain).

C.Q.M.S. Frederick C. Maynard (Miss H.M. Maynard, sister, England).

Sergeant Enesx J. M'Donald (Mrs M.M'Donald, mother, Pukerau, Southland).

Private Daniel M'Kenzie (Mrs E. Tust,mother, Auckland).

Second Lieutenant James 11. M'Kenzie(Alex. M'Kenzie, father, Masterton).

Sapper Lachlan D. M'Lean (Mrs M.M'Lean, mother, Masterton).Private Victor M'Namara (Mrs V. T.

M'Namara, mother Murchison).C.Q.M.S. William Miller, returned by

Mokoia, discharged August 27, 1918(C/'o Mrs Otton, 37 Patanga crescent,Wellington).

Senior Sergeant William E. Miller (Mrs K.M. Miller, wife, Salisbury, England).

Sergeant Beunet J. Morris (J. B. Morris,father, Karangahake).

Corporal George- B. Morton (Mrs M. A.Morton, mother, Tauranga).

Corporal Thomas Muir (John Muir, father,Hokitika).

Sergeant Alfred H. Newman (Miss E. M.Newman, sister, Girls' College, Welling-toi).

Sergeant Alex. M. Oliver (Miss FannyOliver, sister, Napier).

Private Whare Pahina (Penetana Pahina,To Araroa, Gisborne).

Private John Palmer, M.M. (Mrs J. Palmer,mother, Waituna West).

Sergeant Ralph W. G. Parsons (Mrs W. T.Parsons, mother, 270 Cuba street, Wel-lington).

Sergeant Thomas C. Parsons (John Parsons,father, 113 Wallace street, Wellington).

C.Q.M.S. John A. Pegler (John W. Pegler,father, Raglan, West Coast).

W.O. Class 1, C.S.M. Alexander Prentice(Mrs D. Prentice, mother, Mosgiel).

Sergeant Gilbert F. Pulsford (Miss C. Puls-ford, Eastbourne, Wellington).

Sergeant John Ronnie (Mrs L. Rennie,mother, Christchurch).

Lance-corporal William 11. Richards (Mrs A.Richards, mother, Cardiff, South Wales).

Sergeant Herbert Scott (Mrs M. E." Scott,mother, Auckland)

T/W.O. 2 T.S.Q.M.S. William A. Scott (S.J. Scott, father, Invercargill).

Corporal John I. Scatter, ret. Maheno (Ep-som Convalescent Home).

Gunner John Slight (Miss J. Slight, sister.Duncdin).

C.Q.M.S. Norman B. Spencer (PercySpencer, father, Remuera).

Private Allan T. Spicer (Mrs A. Spacer,mother, 14 Hay street, Oriental Bay,Wellington).

Sergeant Henry C. Stevenson (James Steven-son, father, Port Chalmers).

Sergeant George L. St. George (Mrs E. M.St. George, wife, 20 fright street, Wel-lington).

Lance-corporal Arthur B. Tonks, died ofdisease (Mrs E. G. Tonka, Christchurch).

Sergeant Allan L. Tresidder (Dr Tresidder,Onehunga).

Sergeant Henry J. Turner, killed in action(Mr G. Turner, father, Swansea, Tas-mania).

Sergeant Clarence G. C. Wagg (ThomasWagg, Masterton). *

Sergeant John Weaver (Patrick Weaver,father, Clyde, Otago).

Bombardier, John A. Wilson (Mrs JohnWilson, mother, 21 Constable street,Wellington).

Private John R. Worgan (J. Worgan,father, Granity).

W.0., Class 1, R.S.M. Arthur H. Young-man (Rev. Henry Youngman, father,Queensland).'

MAORI HILL SCHOOLNEW INFANT DEPARTMENT,

OFFICIALLY OPENED BY MINISTER

Another milestone in the histoi-y of theMaori Hill School was marked on the28th ult., when the new infant departmentwas officially opened by the Minister of-Education (the Hon. J. A. Hanan). Thenew structure, which is almost completed, issubstantially built of brick, and consistsof two infant classrooms, each measuring28ft by 26ft, a teachers' sitting room 14ftsquare, and two rooms with open frontsfor " the tuition of the children in fineweather. Special attention has been givento lighting and ventilation, which are onthe most up-to-date methods. The newbuilding is designed to accommodate 140pupils. At present the old style of desksis in use, but these will be replaced withthe latest system—a single desk for eachchild.

The weather was beautifully fine for thefunction, and there was a large gatheringof parents and residents.

Mr S. N. Brown (chairman of the schoolcommittee), inintroducing the Minister, saidit was due largely to Mr Hanan that a votewas obtained for the erection of the newinfant department. In the original speci-fications provision had been made for greateraccommodation, but these had been modifiedby the department to such an extent thatthe new building was inadequate for presentrequirements, and additional accommoda-tion would be necessary in another coupleof years. . The school committees were keptin a state of poverty, and had not sufficientfunds for requirements. It was not rightto ask parents to provide money for pur-poses for which funds should bo supplied bythe department. >

Mr Hanan stated that he wished to im-press on Mr Brown the fact that if helived in another country he would, as a rate-payer, have to put his hand in his pocketand contribute a larger amount than atpresent for educational purposes. In thiscountry almost all the money required wasfound by the State, and even though thewar was still raging the Government was con-stantly finding money for now schools, addi-tions to school buildings, and in other direc-tions where there was a pressing need.He congratulated Mr Walker, M.P., andthe school committee on securing an up-to-date addition to the buildings. "He wasglad to see such a large gathering, and wasspecially glad to see Mr Goyen, who hadbeen one of the most efficient inspectorsunder the Otago Education Board.

The Minister went on to speak with re-ference to improving and beautifying schoolgrounds, the need for physical training, andthe physical development of girls, an in-crease in ths number of qualified teachers,and the decline in tho number of suitablemale candidates.

HONOURS RECORDUNVEILED.

Mr James Miller presided over themonthly meeting of the Western TaieriDrainage Board, held at Mosgiei on Mon-day.

Messrs Snell and Bremner appeared as adeputation to ask • for a better outlet thanexisted at present, and that, pending suchbeing carried out, pumping by the localpump be resorted to to clear away thewater lying on their properties. The posi-tion was argued at length between thedeputation and the board. It was resolvedto meet the deputation at Momona at 10infant department.

Mr John Marshall (Woodside) asked thatthe pipe-line drain be cleaned.—Reply tobe sent that the board did not undertakethe cleaning of pipe-line drains.

The foreman reported that the last floodin the Waipori River had badly damagedabout seven chains of contour bank on theBerwick side of the channel. The .TaieriRiver bank, from B drain to where thebank was metalled, required attention. Thecentre had been worn down.—It was re-solved that the engineer bo asked to reportOn the break in the contour channel, theforeman to adopt temporary measures ifnecessary to prevent the bank from suffer-ing further injury. The foreman and mem-ber for the riding were asked to attendto the raising of the river bank.

Arrangements were made with Mr Win.Bryant for a given sum to sow grass onthe sides of the embankment at Otokia anderect fencing to protect the new formation.

The Minister of Lands advised that hecould not fix a definite date for his in-tended visit to the Taieri, but would advisethe board as soon as he could make arrange-ments to leave Wellington.

WAIKOUAITI COUNTY COUNCILThe monthly meeting of the Waikouaiti

County Council was held on the 30th. CrE. Laley occupied the chair.

The Public Works Department notifiedthat application for grants should be madeas promptly as possible.—lt was decided toapply for £SOO on a £ for £ basis for repair-ing iho main road from Evansdale to Pal-merston

The Public Works Department forwardeda condition to provem works carried outunder Government subsidies. It was pointedout that this condition was necessary, as ittranspired that some local authorities weremaking payments W> contractors, workmen,and owners of teams for carrying out worksunder Government subsidies at rate 3 muchin excess of what the department was pay-ing for similar works carried out under thesupervision of its own officers. —Received.

The District Engineer of Railways wrote,in reply to the council's application for theconversion of a private level-crossing nearPuketeraki, known as "Marks's," into apublic one, and asked if the road was underthe jurisdiction of the council and main-tained by it. As the place was a dangerousone - for a level-crossing it might be neces-sary for the council to put in a subway tocross the line.—The clerk was instructed topoint but that the public road crossed theline about a chain north of the existingcrossing, and to ask that cow-catchers boplaced on the public road crossing.

Mr James Apes (chairman of the Puke-teraki Maori Assembly) wrote stating thatat a meeting held concerning Mr J. M.Ellison's objection to the lifting of thefencing along the Puketeraki-Karitano roadfootpath, it was decided unanimously thatthe council be asked to rescind its resolu-tion with respect to the removal of thefencing, and that the Maoris absolutely andstrongly object to such action. The writeralso stated that the chairman of the Kari-tano Domain Board (Mr J. M. Ellison) in-tended to take action to repair parts of thefencing.—lt was decided that the resolutionbe rescinded on condition that the fence bekept in repair, and that all gates that hadbeen removed be replaced.

Mr T. J. Harrison applied for permissionto erect two rabbitproof swing gates on theMurdering Beach road running through sec-tion 7 of 102 of 8, North Harbour and Blue-skin district.—The writer to be informed thathis application would be considered whenhe had complied with the council's previousrequest for the removal of a gate in whichhe was interested.

The Rev. G. H. Balfour wrote drawingattention to two portions of the Waitati-Kawarika road, which required attention.A number of residents were prepared topay a share of the cost of metalling, thewriter asking what proportion of outlaythe council would pay. A letter couched insimilar terms was received from Dr Wil-liams.—The writers to be informed that nofunds were available for expenditure on theroad, but if a contribution was forwardedto the council by ratepayers interested stepswould" be taken to have it spent on theroad concerned.

Mr J. Warren, Upper Waitati, drew atten-tion- to the bad state of the Pigeon Flatroad, and asked that attention be given toit. —Inspector to report.

A petition was received from 14 rate-payers directing attention to the bad stateof' the unmetalled portion of the Waitati-Wakari road. If the council could affordrelief each of the signatories was willing tocontribute £1 towards the cost of the work.—The work to be gone on with when theratepayers forwarded their contributions.

A circular was received respecting the"Our Dav" appeal on behalf of the RedCross, and soliciting the aid of the council.—Cr Orbell outlined the scheme, and pointedout the necessity of every assistance beingafforded. At his suggestion councillorsagreed to see that their ridings were can-vassed.

The Inspector reported on the work carriedout in the various ridings during the month.

Accounts totalling £203 17s 9d were passedfor payment.

SIX O'CLOCK CLOSINGDEMONSTRATION IN QUEENSLAND

PARLIAMENT.

Ono of the most extraordinary incidentsin the history of the Queensland Parliamentoccurred last month, when some hundredsof angry women, who have been appealingin vain for 6 o'clock closing of liquor barsin Queensland, took possession of Parlia-ment for about 40 minutes.

Queensland did not follow the exampleof the other five States and introduce earlyclosing by Act of Parliament. Instead, theelectors were asked to Tote on the matter,and they turned it down. The other Statesintroduced the reform as a necessary warmeasure, for the period of the -war. Alarge section of the Queensland people hasnaturally been very indignant over thematter, their numbers including many whoare by no means in favour of total prohibi-tion.

Ono night a mass meeting of womenpassed a resolution urging the Governmentto introduce the desired measure, and _itwas resolved to present it to the Premier(Mr Ryan) forthwith. The women marchedthrough the streets to Parliament House tothe cry of " We want 6 o'clock closing."Two of the leaders interviewed Mr Ryan,but ho simply assured them that the mea-sure was provided for in the Popular Initia-tive and Referendum Bill, now before Par-liament, the passage of which depends onthe anti-Ryan Legislative Council. He alsodeclined to address the women. So thewomen packed themselves into the galleriessurrounding three sides of the LegislativeChamber, and every now and then chantedtheir slogan in- spite of the Speaker's ap-peals for order.

The indignant parliamentarians then sentfor the police, and a posse of constablesentered the galleries in a menacing way.Just when excitement was running highsomeone turned out the lights. There should,according to all' traditions, have been -wildshrieks and a stampede on the part of thegentler sex. But the dauntless ladies heldtheir ground, and their slogan and " wildhoots for Mr Ryan split the quivering dark.The lights wero promptly turned on again,and the police made a. move to clear thegalleries. The defiant ladies sang theNational Anthem at them. The police cameon. Then the women showered upon thediscomfited members in the benches beneaththem small cards bearing the words: "Wewomen of Queensland want 6 o'clock clos-ing," and slowly filed from the galleries.They had held up the business of the Cham-ber for 40 minutes.

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FARM AND STATION.SHOW DATES.

SEPTEMBER.18.—Christchurch Horse Parade.

OCTOBER.16, 17.—Hawke's Bay Agricultural and Pastoral

Society.23, 24.—Wairarapa and East Coast Society.24.—Ellesmere Agricultural and Pastoral

Association. ,

30, 31.—Timaru Agricultural and PastoralAssociation. .

,

30, 31.—Manawatu and "West Coast Agricul-tural and Pastoral Association.

NOVEMBER.7, B.—Canterbury Metropolitan Sho-w._ _13, 14.—Wanganui Agricultural Association.14.—Waimate A. and P. Association.20, 21.—North Otago A. and P. Association.27.—Winton A. and P. Association.27. 28.—Otago A. and P. Metropolitan Show.29, 30.—Auckland A. and P. Association.

DECEMBER,26.—Tuapeka Agricultural Society.

Secretaries of A. and P. Societies arerequested to notify the dates of their showsas soon as these are decided) on.

OTAGO'S SLACKNESS.One carnot but be impressed with the

figures presented by Mr E. S. Healey(agricultural instructor to the Otago Edu-cation Board) to the meeting recently ar-ranged by the Otago Expansion League,anent Otago's slackness, etc., in regard tothe output of primary products per acrecompared with results secured by otherNew Zealand Provinces. /.The addressbrimmed over with evidence indicative ofthe stage reached, when lands requiredto be intelligently "farmed," while themeasures which he suggests should beadopted to stay the falling productivenessof Otago lands are of distinct practicalinterest. The times are out of joint cer-tainly ; but, even so, wo surely can geta move on, and at least endeavour tosecure a share of the good things going—-a fair share, that is, in the moneys ex-pended on experimental farrns, etc., bythe Government in the interests, it is pre-supposed, of Dominion arable and pastoralfarmers. The remedies Mr Healey sug-gests are in no ways far-fetched or un-reasonably impracticable, and wouldnaturally, we think, follow on if his firstsuggestion _ was in being—viz. i (1) "Co-operation in the Departments of Agricul-ture, Lands, and Education towards acomplete organisation and a well-definedpolicy of procedure in regard to keepingthe population in the country, stimulatingproduction and educating farmers for theirwork." The other suggested remedies,one may anticipate, would eventuate indue course of time. We have hammeredon somewhat similar lines not a few timesin days gone by. Perhaps the newDirector of Agriculture (Dr Keakes,M.R.C.V.S.) will see an opening to effectsome improvement in the dissemination ofthe material help which would be appre-ciated by primary producers in Otago.In Mr Healey's address he stresses Otago'soutput of dairy produce calculated onpounds of butter-fat per cow per annumto the province's discomfiture. Thefigures were: Auckland, 160, Taranaki188, Wellington 138, Canterbury 127,Otago 108, Southland 181. Comparingcows in Otago with those in Southlandit would be seen that the average cowin Otago produced each year 731 b lessbutter-fat than the average cow in South-land. a deficit meant, calculated onthe 45,336 dairy oows in the province,an annual loss of £270,000 at presentprices. This is staggering, and we. needno longer apparently limit potting theconditioned cows. We really, it seems,require other tinning factories. The ques-tion is, What can be done without anyundue delay to improve matters? In com-mon fairness Ave certainly should have therefusal of all the bulls of butter-fat an-cestry the various Department ofAgriculture farms in the North Islandmay have for disposal. That would besomething which might allay some irri-tation resulting from the fact of the NorthIsland mopping up the bulk of the moneyspent on experimental farms, etc. Thenthe question as to who should be thefavoured buyers required solution. Wesuggest that the various directors of dairyfactories should have the opportunity ofstationing bulls of repute somewhere intheir neighbourhood, to be at the serviceof milk suppliers at a small fee. Ofcourse, herd-testing would have to be en-couraged if the building up of profitableherds is the main object. The service ofa bull of a dairy type, one whose damhas milking qualities well developed, isnot to-day readily obtainable: or, if itis, sufficient stress is not paid to thedam's performances at the pail. Failingthe individual purchase of such an animalor the loan by a breeder, why not have,say, the co-operative community-ownedanimal? Then, of course, the dairymenwho are bent on improving their herdsmust weigh the milk in order to knowwhat the cows are producing each day,and carefully record same, and so find outthe number of pounds of milk producedby each cow. It is necessary, too, to testfor the amount of butter-fat, as other-wise the dairy-farmer might sell his bestdairy cows without knowing it. Once thecows have been fairly tested it is possibleto systematically weed out the low-pro-ducers, and have their places filled upfrom time to time with as good animalsas may be secured from outside, togetherwith the best of the heifers saved fromthe best cows on the various farms. Adairy-farmer, if out to improve his herd,should concentrate his best efforts inmastering what has been done with suc-cess elsewhere, and try to do likewise.Generally, the most important steps inthe building up of a dairy herd restson the selection of the sire. We shallnever take the leading place in the Do-

minion with our dairy herds until thebelief sinks in and becomes general thatthe'ancestry of the sire is of real im-portance, and the weighing and testing ofmilk of individual cows imperative.

FARMERS' RELATION TO LANDAND SOCIETY.

President Woodrow Wilson said ; "Uponthe farmers of the United States in alarge measure rests the fate of the warand the fate of the nation." These wordsare applicable to farmers the wide worldover, and right-thinking men will takethem to heart. In spite of shortageof labour, they will do their utmost toincrease the food supply and sell at reason-able prices. As patriots they cannot dootherwise. As Dr Bailey 6ays : "The sur-face of the earth is particularly withinthe care of the farmer. He keeps it forhis own sustenance and gain, but his gainis also the gain of all the rest of us.At the best he accumulates little to him-self. The successful farmer is the one whoproduces more than he needs for his sup-port, and the overplus he does not keep,and, moreover, his own needs are easilysatisfied. It is of the utmost consequencethat the men next the earth shall lead afair, simple life, for in riotous living hemight halt many good supplies that nowgo to his fellows." It is a public duty,therefore, to so train the farmer thathe shall appreciate his guardianship. Heis engaged in a quasi-public business, andreally does not own his land. He doesnot take his land with him, but only thepersonal development he gains from it.He cannot annihilate his land as anothermight destroy all his belongings. He isthe agent or the representative of societyto guard and subdue the surface of theearth, and he is the agent of the divinitythat made it. He must exercise his do-minion with due regard to all these obliga-tions. He is a trustee. "The productive-ness of the earth must increase from gene-ration to generation. This also is hisobligation. He must handle all hismaterials, remembering man and remem-bering God." Whether it will ever bepossible to regulate the farmer by lawand the cropping of the land by statuteis, obviously enough, doubtful. It will, nodoubt, pass in war-time and for a timeafter peace is declared. The necessity ofmaximum and minimum prices beingguaranteed for most of the products offthe farm „would seem likely to become livequestions for some years yet. Par betterthan reliance on various enactments,however, will be the sense of responsi-bility which may be developed in thosewho are in charge of the surface of theearth in trust for his fellows.

NOTES ON RURAL TOPICS.By ' the time this month has run out all

sowing of spring cereals in-Farm Work tended for harvesting

for September, should b.o finished. _ Theprospect is for a limited

area, as work is so backward. Turnip landsshould be promptly 'ploughed when fit towork, and sown in oats or other cereal.The harrowing and rolling, or both opera-tions of the autumn-sown grain may wellprove beneficial and helpful in securinghealthy and vigorous growth of the youngplants which have stood up to a longwinter. Harrowing of farm grass . lands,particularly where the dropping have ac-cumulated, is worth a lot, while liming andtop-dressing are operations which help inthe encouragement of clovers and springgrasses. Linseed is sown this month inclean ground, while cross-ploughing orgrubbing will be possible in land whichhas been lying up ploughed throughout thewinter. Land should be ready for lucerne-sowing, when the ground has warmed alittle. Early potatoes can be planted aesoon as the land is dry enough, and themangold ground taken in hand withoutdelay. The work among stock will be in-creasing. Breeding animals, sheep espe-cially, will require all the care possible.The use of swedes and mangolds for earlybanking ewes and hoggets can now be ap-preciated. Hoggets will require the rootsto be cut or broken in some way. Feedup the young foals and old horees. Alittle crushed oats or some sort of dryfeed will act as a set-off to the purgingwhich perhaps may, happen with the springgrowth. Cows, too, may derive consider-able benefit by extra feeding. Keep thecalves always on the "make," and givethem their milk warm. Pigs require drybedding and sties. Ewes with twin lambsneed special feeding, so that they may gooff fat with their mates. Failing someextra attention, it is little use having twinlambs, good "singles" being much pre-ferred.

An extra from S. B. Holling's letter in thePastoral Review gives some

Empire figures, approximately cor-Statistics. rect, which well emphasise

what a leading part theBritish Empire occupies in growing theworld's wool:

CENTRAL EMPIRES.lbs.

Austria-Hungary 41,600.000Germany 25,600,000Turkey 90,000,000Turkey in Asia 90,000,000

247,200,000ALLIES.

United States 288,490,000North American British provin-

ces.. 11,210,000

Franco 75,000,000Greece 16,000,000Italy .- 21,500,000Portugal ' 10,00u,000Russia in Europe .. 820,000,000Russia in Asia 60,000,000Spain 52,000,000United 'Kingdom 121,200,000British India 60,000,000China •• 50,000,000British Africa 157.761,000Australasia, 645,032,000

1,888,193,000

It will be noted that Russia is includedin the above.list; but it is held that Ger-many's grip will have to be relaxed inthe course of time. Yet, with Russiathrown in, the wool-growing' facilities restswith thoso oountries which are still asso-ciated with the Allies' cause.The crop generally taken in hand, onoa

the potatoes are planted, isThe Mangold the mangold crop, which,

Crop. in view of "rot" so muchof late years affectingswedes, might well receive much more at-

tention. Its usee for feed purposes ere thespring grass comes away is invaluable,either for early lambing ewes or cows com-ing in. Mangolds can do with plenty ofmanure, one with nitrogen, phosphus, andpotash —for example, farm-yard manure.The land requires to be deeply workedand preferably "weathered" furrows, onefinds, will work up the fine tilth sonecessary for this crop. It is not essentialthat the land should be worked up intohigh drills, although subsequent interculti-Vation may be easier and better dons with «horse labour than if on the flat. If plentyof_ room is left between the drills—say28in,—once the plants are thinned, clear-ing and intercultivation can be done thesame as with drilled turnips. Four or fivepounds weight of seed per acre, sown with,say, superphosphate manure at the rate of2cwt to 3cwt per acre on strong land,worked up to a fine seed' tilth, should inordinary circumstances assure a goodstrike. If salt is broad-casted along thedrills, once the seed is sown, all the better,say, up to 3cwt per acre. Care in thin-ning is necessary, as the ordinary commer-cial seed sold contains frequently two ormore of tiny seeds in the husks purchased,and sown as single seeds. Considering theseason is backward, and that seed shouldbe economised, it is worth while "drib-bling" in seed to_ drilling, or even sowseed for transplanting, and in the mean-time get the land into thoroughly goodorder. The land, once in fine tilth, mightbe opened up with a furrow 28in apart,and plants laid in. The use of cow-dungmixed with water—say quarter a kerosenetfn full—and the roots of mangold plantsdipped in the mixture before laid in thefurrow is. helpful. The plants can do withliberal doses of 'nitrogenous manure at allstages of growth. The lighter the land theearlier the mangolds will mature, especiallyon lands lying to sunny aspect. After"singling" great good is often achieved bytop-dressing. After storing or pulling thdacrid principle of the mangold is elimi-nated.A correspondent finds it difficult at times

to churn the cream, andDifficult wonders why it is. There

Churning. are a great many factors5 which may affect the milkof any particular cow, and so the cream.The cream should not be churned too thin.There should bo enough butter-fat in agallon of cream to make, say, 3glb ofbutter. The cream should be .kept cooluntil about 24 hours before churning, andthen should be maintained at a tempera-ture of 70deg to 75deg Fahr. until justbefore churning, when it should be cooleddown to a churning temperature of 55degto 60deg. During the last 12 hours beforechurning no new cream should be added.Churn twice a week. If difficulty in churn-ing is still experienced after the abovedirections are followed, it would be as wellto slightly raise the temperature of thecream at the time of churning. Of course,if undesirable are in the cream,the churning may be delayed, andone must scald all milk utensils with whichthe milk comes in contact with, from thetime it is drawn from the cow until it ischurned.

AGRICOLA.

AGRICULTURAL AND PASTORALNEWS.

At a representative meeting of delegatesfrom the Otago cheese factories, held atthe office of the South Island Dairy Associa-tion on Thursday morning, it was decidedto authorise the directors'of the Otago Pro-ducers' Cool Stores Company to take stepsto increase the storage capacity of the coolstores at the Victoria wharf to enable themto hold another 16,000 crates. Mr Coombs(architect) is to call for tenders at oncefor additions to the existing building, whichcan hold about 16,000 crates, but whichwill be quite unable to cope with the newseason's output. The cost of the newbuilding will be met by a surtax over allcheese exported within the next two years.The South Island Dairy Association hadbeen negotiating for a further lease of theR shed from the Harbour Board, and forfurther space in this building, but MrCuddie, of the Dairy Department, who hasbeen visting Dunedin, states that he cannotrecommend the Government to make ad-vances on the cheese stored therein. Thecheese stored in the R shed last year turnedout all right," but it is considered that thesummer was a cool one, and that the sameweather conditions may not prevail this year.One of the conditions under which NewZealand cheese is purchased by the Gov-ernment on behalf of the Imperial authori-ties is that in the event of shipment beingdelayed through lack of shipping facilitiesan advance payment of an amount percrate'j representing 90 per cent, of thevalue of the contents, may be claimed byfactories after the cheese has been in thegrading store for a period of 28 days.

Mr G. A. Lamb (secretary of the SouthIsland Dairy Association) has just returnedfrom a visit to Christchurch, where he hasbeen going into the question of providingfurther cool storage there. The existingChristchurch Cool Store Company is pre-pared to find storage for 10,000 crates ofcheese over and above the storage providedby the Lyttelton Harbour Board, the fac-tories to guarantee £750 a year for twoyears, and to lend the company £4OOO toenable a start to be made at once with thenew building. The committee representingthe factories has decided to agree to thisarrangement.At a meeting of the directors of the Otago

Farmers' Mutual Fire Insurance Associa-tion, Mr W. Grey was re-elected chairmanfor the .ensuing 12 months. It was re-ported that the total of the insuranceshad increased largely since last meeting,and now stood at £281,375. It was unani-mously decided to make arrangements toaccept accident risks in addition to fireinsurance, and the secretary was instructedto take the necessary steps.

Extensive trials of a new meat-preservingprocess have been conducted by the BullotMeat Process Company at Iriverell. The

8 OTAGO WITNESS. September 4, 1918

Now is the Time to Buy the "Universal" Horse Covers.

THE PEICES ARE LOW AND THE COVERS GOOD.

OWING to the scarcity of Canvas and AftiLinings, Covers will be much higher

in price in a few months' time.HOESE COVERS, Cotton Duck Felt ■'

Lining "UNIVERSAL," with Front Girth, '.

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White Cotton Duck KIT BAGS, 3ft, 5/- %pv.Tan Cotton Duck KIT BAGS, 3ft, 6/6; &S&i

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pockets) for Carpenters, Cabinetmakers, 3/-

[EsTABLISHED 1871.]

MANUFACTURERS,

253 PRINCES STREET, DUNEDIN.

embraces all the qualities essential to anUp-to-date Shearing Plant, combiningSPEED, POWER, SIMPLICITY, andEASE OF WORKING.

Power is applied by means of a doublepurchase gear winding ona tapering wind-lass, thus gaining first Speed and thenPower, as the. pressure increases. It isoperated by a single lever, and can be•worked by one man.

The Top Box is made to either swinground or tip over and fill from floor.

Swing-top.Press.

The Press is self-contained, is low set(giving ample head room for small sheds),occupies very little space, and is equallyadapted for the smallest as well as thelargest sheds.

It is faithfully built of well-seasonedtimber, reinforced with iron bands, and ispractically indestructible.

1918 PRICE LIST,

j.in. size for 42in. packs ... ... £26Full size for 48in. and over ... £27Patent Hoist and Tip-over Press ... £2Hocks and Tackle ...

£2

Stuart and Cumberland Streets - DUNEDIN

200/2 St. Asaph Street - CHRISTCHURCH,Agents for South Island.

and General Field Work.

6A!e PLOW.PLOW is easier to handle than a walking plough. The wheels

are exactly opposite, giving such perfect balance that it is sensitiveto the lightest guiding touch on the handle at the rear. Instead

of the usual type of frame it has the direct beam hitch, ensuring strengthand lessening the draft and preventing side pressure.It will open and finish a land perfectly, as both wheels can be raised fort??.e purpose. Ample range for raising the furrow-wheel enables the Plowto hold its depth when running with the furrow-wheel on the land orturned furrow just as well as when running at the bottom of the emptyfurrow. For light draft, ease of handling, perfect work, and suitabilityto all conditions and circumstances, this cleverly-designed Plow cannotbe approached. ' i

WRIGHT, STEPHENSON & CO., LTD., Dunedin ;

T. BUXTON & CO., Timan-u ; and

204 MADRAS STREET, CHRISTCHURCH.

OTACO A. AND P. SOCIETY.Already a considerable number of special

donations have been made towards the prizefunds of the Summer Show of tho Otago jA. and P. Society, and the following firms !havo subscribed either by trophies or special Idonations: —New Zealand Refrigerating;Company, Milburn Lime and Cement Com- jany, G. and T. Young, Messrs A. A. i'aapo (Grand Hotel), D. Young (Excelsior !

Hotel), A. Stewart (Law Courts Hotel), S. |

Geddes (Gridiron Hotel), J .Millar (Oban 'Hotel), Mackerras "and Hazlett, J. J. Con-nor (Leviathan Hotel), Scoular and Co., jHerbert, Haynes, and Co., H. C. Campbell, jPeter Cameron, Arthur Barnett, J. and J.'Arthur, Cuming's Stores, Wardell Bros., W. !Penrose, G. Simpson and Co., J. Macan- jidrew, and R. A. S .Cantrell. The com-

mittco hopes before the schedule ofprizes is printed and circulated to add con-siderably to the above list.—29818.

SURPLUS WOOL PROFITS.

QUESTION OP ITS DISPOSAL.CHRISTCHURCH, August 28.

The North Canterbury Farmers' Unionto-day adopted a remit urging that surplusprofits in wool not needed for military pur-poses by the Imperial Government shouldnot be devoted to any one patriotic pur-pose, as had been recommended by MrNewman; and that, in Yiew of the largeprofits made by shipping companies, thesecompanies should provide for dependents oftheir own employees lost at sea.

final tests were made on August 10 byFederal officers of all classes of meatthrough the process. Subsequently MrBullot stated that five years' experimentinghad been passed through before satisfactoryresults were obtained. The difficulty hadbeen to eliminate the objectionable tastefrom meat treated, but he had succeeded atlast. When abattoirs were erected at centralpoints throughout the State the wasteresulting from trucking live stock to distantmarkets would be eliminated. The costof the .treatment by his process would beonly 3d per hundred-weight of cattle andsheep, and for poultry and rabbits half thatamount. Usually if sheep were frozen theloss per head when thawed was 3 per cent.Under his process sheep that had beenfrozen twice after treatment and defrostedwould lose only half of that percentage.

In regard to the storage of wool, theManawatu Efficiency Board of Trusteespassed the following resolution: —"That thisBoard of Trustees, whose members com-prise men with wide experience as sheepfarmers and wool brokers, is of opinionthat the best interests of tho ImperialGovernment would be served and thestorage capacity doubled without expenseby encouraging, every farmer to store hisclip in his own shed until the bulk of lastseason's clip can be cleared from the wharvesand wool stores. To overcome the expenseof scattered valuations, a cash advance of75 per cent., based upon the value of lastyear's clip, should be made in the shed,subject to a favourable report from theinstitution handling the clip."

One of the most peculiar harvests in theworld takes place in the foothills of Nevadaand Placer counties during. February andMarch (says the Pastoralist Review). Atthat time the State of California, throughits Insectary Department, harvests from60,000,000 to 75,000,000 lady bugs. Thesebugs are gathered in cases, each holdingabout a quart, or 33,000, and sent toSacramento, where they are stored until

i the summer season, when they are sentinto the different sections of the State tofeed on the aphis which attacks the cante-loupes, beans, and other vegetables.' On behalf of the Commonwealth Govern-

ment it is proposed to undertake experi-ments in England to ascertain the amountof harm that the St. John's Wort beetle(Chrysomela hyperici) does to St. John'swort, and also whether it will feed on anycultivated crops, and Professor Lefroy haspromised to assist in this work. If theseexperiments proved satisfactory the beetlewould be brought to Australia, and furtherexperiments carried out under Australianconditions in cages. Should these alsoprove satisfactory, the beetle would thenbe liberated in the centre of the St. John'swort area.

The report of the New Zealand DairyAssociation states that the business for thepast year was a record, the turnover being£1,376.438. ,• ■,

.'

At the last Wellington hide and skinBales three Wairarapa ox hides made aNew Zealand record. One of these realised£5 lis lifd, which a few years back wouldhave very nearly purchased a whole car-case.

A number of farmers in the Aucklanddistrict are employing Jugo Slavs in -milk-ing on shares, under permit from the alienemployment branch of the Defence Depart- jment. !

At the Arahura stock sale on the 26thMr Karnbach, a well-known farmer _ andmeat vendor, when the price of his animalswas soaring up and up, called out to theauctioneer, "'That will do. I don't wanta bigger price."

New Zealand has 79 meat_ works, 600dairy factories, and 700,000 dairy cows.

The Western Star states that Mr T. A.Buckingham has sold his Drummond farmto the Government for returned soldiers'settlement on tho " own selection" prin-ciple.

Some 586 acres of Crown lands in theAuckland Land District and some 150 acresof settlement land in the Wellington LandDistrict have been set apart for soldiers'settlement.

Several farms in the Western Districthave changed hands during the past fort-night at values indicating a recognition thatthere are bright prospects for the agricul-tural industry. One which realised £2O peracre was sold a few years ago at £lB.

KELSO A. AND P. ASSOCIATION.ANNUAL MEETING.

There was a good attendance at theannual meeting of the Kelso A. and P.Association, held on August 24, Mr J.Jenkins (president) being in the chair. Intho annual report reference was made tothe satisfactory state of the balance sheet,which showed a credit of £49 19s Id on theyear's work. The last show was an un-qualified succes3, thanks to the energy oftho president and committee, and thankswore also expressed to Mr P. Hay andother friends and exhibitors who had soloyally supported tho association. Mr Alex.Mackay was proposed and elected as presi-dent for tho ensuing year, and the follow-ing office-bearers were then elected:—Vico-president. Mr R. H. Edio; secretary, MrR. G. Foster (re-elected); treasurer, Mr J.F. Herbert (re-elected); auditors, MessrsA. M'Kinnon and W. Dunnet (ro-elcctod).The retiring members of committee werero-elccted, Mr A. A. M'Phedran takingMr Stevens' place, and Mr Alex. Mackay(Wostwood) Mr Corbott's place. The dataof the annual show was fixed for the Wed-nesday preceding the Christchurch Show,

and it was decided that the annual horseparade be cut out.

STOCK AND GRAZING NOTES."Weekly Stock Salaa. | Monthly (continued).Burnside, Wednesi. Woodlands, 2nd Xhurs-Ashburton, Tuesday. dayAddington, Wednesdays iVyndham, last Thurs-Walareka Railway Juno- day

tion. Tuesdays Balfour, 3rd ThursdayWallaoetowa, Tuesdaya Thornbury, Ist Friday

Duntroon & Otautau,Fortnightly. 2nd Friday

178 ' **£*. >-» T*"<-

Oamaru, Tuesdays yWallaoetown, Tuesdays Periodically a$ Advar-Heriot, Thursdays Used.

„ ...Lumsden, Mossburn,

Monthly. Orepuki, Mutaura,Palmerston. Ist Monday Waikouaiti, Ei»er-VY'inton, Ist Thursday ton, Ngapara, anaDuutrocn, 2nd Friday I Otago Central sales.

—: /

OTAGO.The early part of last week was pleasant,

with sun shining and drying, up of. farmlands, but cold, drizzling rain set in onSaturday, continuing intermittently on toun-day, and it is at the moment-cold and over-cast along the Otago coast. Inland thosharp fall of rain ultimately, no doubtwill benefit pastures, but generally a .period!of warm drying weather would be most wel-come. 1 J 1 4.Some Australian potatoes were landed atthe Dunedin wharf during the week. Com-

pared with North Island centres, Otago is

well enough supplied, one would consider.An all-round fall of 8d per" lb on rabbit-

skins was reported at the last, sales inDunedin compared: with the previous salesprices, yet 43d to 56d for winter doe skins,41d to 45d for bucks, 25d for light racks,and 15d per lb for runners and _ suckersare prices which are not to be despised.

Further 000 l storage is to be provided atthe stores at the Victoria wharf m orderto provide for an additional 16,000 cratesof cheese, the cost to be met by a surtaxover the exportable cheese during the nexttwo years. Failing shipment, it is providedin the contract of purchase that 90 per cent,of the value of the contents of crates maybe advanced to factories by the Governmenton behalf of the Imperial authorities aftera month in the grading stores. •

Following upon the above it is with muchsatisfaction that meat-owners and the com-munity in general learn that the followingcable is to hand from London:— TheTreasury has agreed to pay 75 per cent, ofall meat after three months in store, re-moving the restriction on tonsmeasurement or any other quantity."

Settlers may well view the future withconfidence.

BURNSIDE MARKET.The yarding of fat sheep at Burnside

comprised good quality stock for the mostpart, with but a minimum supply of animalslacking finish. There was a good demandall round, within Is a head of last sale sprices for heavy prime sheep, while graziers'sorts were about the same as the previousweek, about 200 going north. Good sorts ofcrossbreds hardly prime made from 33s 6dto 36s 6d; mixed sex' hoggets, 26s 6d;wether hoggets, 255.

There was a big entry of fat cattle, thequality being excellent—in fact, rather moreheavy prime bullocks were forward than thotrade were prepared to absorb. Severalpens were passed in. The demand wasgood at within 10s to 20s a head of lastsale's quotations, beef making to about 47sfor bullock and to 44s for heifer per 1001b.Under 100 store cattle were yarded, a thirdof them being good sorts of 27-raonth-oldsteers and heifers. The demand, was bright,and all were cleared at £lO 7s to £ll 10s,extra well grown making to £l3 ss. Thi>dairy cows comprised about 50 of a sort,but it was hard to find animals of promise.and would-be buyers went unsatisfied. About60 fat pigs and as many small sorts evokedan excellent demand, and rates were firm.

ADDINGTON YARDS.A small yarding of fat sheep at Adding-

ton evoked" keen bidding, and at the open-ing prices were considerably higher thanat" last sale. Some easement ensued, andtho bulk of the penninss were < cleared atabout 2s in advance of the previous week'srates. There was a fair entry of storesheep, and a_ decided demand at improvedvalues, especially for dry sheep, some ofthe southern drafts being excellent, asouthern line of ewe hoggets making 35s 2d,wether hoggets making to 325, some two-tooth wethers, an especially good: lot, mak-ing 40s. Chiefly hoggets were offered, withsome ewes with lambs at foot, the lattermaking 17s 3d all counted, the ewes being ofindifferent quality, with lambs very fair.Prices generally averaged an advance onrecent sales of Is 6d to 2s a head forwethers and Is to Is 8d for hoggets.

The yarding of fat cattle was small, withtho quality satisfactory. Values moved upsharply, arid sales at over £2O a head werenumerous. An average lot of young storocattle sold fairly well, 'although passingswore heavy. The best of the dairy cowssold fvoelv'at £9 10s to £l6. heifers makingfrom £7 'to £ls 10s. Both fat and storepigs sold readily, and the demand was quiteanimated, stores showing some appreciationin lato values.

BALCLUTHA AND CLINTON.About 5000 sheep wore yarded at Bal-

clutha, and there was a good sale at rates

appreciably higher than at the previoussale. Some foreign buyers were about,which always is indicative of a. probablemovement in stock values. Some small thinmixed sex hoggets made 22s 3d ; good, -29s2d; good two-tooth ewes, 35s Id; very fairtwo-tooth wethers, 31s 9dj four, six, andeight-tooth ewes, chiefly eight-tooths, werepassed in at 33s 6d'. Some halfbredewes, thin and small, were also passed at29s 6d; open-woolled two and four-toothcrossbred! ewes made 34s Id; a line of seve-ral hundred fine-woolled crossbred ewes,33s 6d,. and 1000 four and six-tooth andfailing-mouth open-wool owes 345; two-year-old steers sold at £9 ss; three-year-olds,£ls; mixed sex yearlings, mostly steers,£6 6s.

At Olinton there was a fair ofsheep, with good inquiry. Hoggets, mixedsexes, made 275, 27s 6d', 28s 7d; ewe hoggetsto 30s lid: two-tooth ewes, a fairish lot,were passed at 345; fair four and six-toothwethers made 32s j some halfbred ewes(small), 24s sd.

NORTH ISLAND STOCK VALUES.The demand for store stook in the- North

Island is fairly good, although prices anddemand exhibit considerable variance in thedifferent provinces. In the South Auoklandarea beef is firm at 44s to 52s per 1001b;small yearling steers, £5 ss; store hoggets,19s. In the Wairarapa district, mediumhoggets 15s to 20s; good, 22s to 265; black-faced hoggets, 15s to 19s 6d; weaner calves,£3 10s; two-year-old empty heifers, £3 10sto £6 10s. In the Poverty Bay district,store hoggets (good), to 275; wethers, about27s od each, with cattle slow of sale. Dairyherds sold at clearing sales when officialtests announced averaged to £l6 10s a head.In the Taranaki district pedigree Jerseycows at a clearing sale averaged 42gs, withtop prices lOOgs to ISfigs; yearling steers(bucket sorts), £4 ss; hoggets, 14s 6dl to19s; extra to 24s 6d. In the Wanganui-Feilding areas fair hoggets made from 20sto 255; small from 13s; forward wethers fo335; weaners (mixed), £3; yearlings, £5;best cows, £l2 to £l4; two-year-old steers,£B. In the Hawke's Bay district hoggetssold at 18s to 21s; empty two-tooth ewes,25s 6d; dairyr cows, £l4 to £l7; extra,£2B 10s; special herds averaging about £l9a head for fairly big herds. In the Mana-watu district owe hoggets were sold at 24sto 27s 3d; mixed lots, 19s 6d to 225; youngmixed wethers, 25s to 30s; mixed yearlings,£5 to £7 ss; springing cows, £lO to £l3;do heifers, £5 5s to £lO.

STOCK NOTES.The grass is all too slow in corning

away, and feed is scarce. Fortunatelyvalues show our depreciation, rather, in-dead, judging from so many northernbuyers of dry stock being on the wing,with money to burn, farmers have no needto sacrifice their stock, as at any momenta demand- may spring up for ewes; Acouple of weeks' warm sunshine, and thachances are that all the stock in the pro-vince will be wanted.

The United States Department of Agri-culture reports that out of a total of--6,836,492 sheso in 502 counties east of theRocky Mountains, 34,683 were killed bydogs in one year, and were paid for bythe counties. At the same rate of loss inother farm States the total annual destruc-tion of sheep by dogs would be 107,760.This only refers to the number actuallypaid for. A far larger number was de-stroyed, aa many losses are never reported.In 1913 reports from the States concernedshowed that the number of sheep could beincreased 150 cer cent, without displacingother stock. Out of 894 answers as to thecauses preventing increase in the numberof sheep, 531 said "dogs."

At the Queensland National Show somehalf-dozen Clydesdale stallions in the classover five years were exhibited. The Monk,bred in New Zealand, was picked for cham-pionship honours, while several New Zea-land colts were in the prizo-list.

The top price for stallions_ at the RoyalAgricultural Society's sale in Melbournewas paid for Messrs Mitehell and O'Brien'sScotland Viceroy, which had previouslybeen in the stud of Mr John Callander, ofAUanton, Taieri—viz., 590gs,—the same jowners securing 250gs for Baron Rosebery, !by Baron Bold—Bragg, bred by Mr JamesWyllie, Outram. As previously noted, thedemand was dull, and limited to weight jand quality.

-Since half the cows in Wisconsin cow- jtesting associations (some 55,000) are Hol-steins, it is quito a distinction for a Jerseycow to load the State in the production offat.

A pure-bred Jersey—Lad's Pansy—ownedby Ora Taylor, of the Geneva Association,led the 55,000 cows on test in Wisconsinby producing 94.31 b of fat _ during the !month of May. She qualified for theRegister of Production by producing 5221 b jof fat during the last association year.

Cable advi-es have been received in Ade- !laide stating that tha Trade Commissionerin London has sold the whole of the out- }put of the South Australian Produce De-partment of tinned mutton and beef upto the end of the war at 82s 6d f.o.b. per idozen 6lb tins.

The prices for purebred pigs are soaring !in Grca 4; Britain. Sixty-six Gloucester Old ,Spots averaged £42 12s, the highest price jbeing 125gs. Largo Whites made £39 lis jat one sale, with a top price of 80gs for jyoung sows. One hundred Large Blacks,at Docking, Norfolk, averaged £4O 17s,three young sows realising 105gs each.Forty-three Berkshires at a dispersal saleaveraged £35 16s, top price 97gs. Thirty-

six Middle Whites realised £27 7s, highestprice 65gs.

The Acting Government Statistician hasissued figures which show the live stockin-Tasmania to be as follows:

1916-17. 1917-18.Horses .. ...... 42,620 42,398Horned) cattle (includ-

ing calves) 179,360 197,936Sheep (including lambs) 1,702,579 i;708,H6Pigs .. .. .. .. 53,033 54,653

j The council of the Southdown SheepSociety (Eng.) discussed recently the ques-tion as to whether ewes, after having beenmated with rams of another breed, couldstill bo sold as purebred registered South-downs, or whether the crossing should dis-

! qualify them from being considered pure-bred sheep. It was decided that such ewesshould be excluded from the Flock Book.

I A three-year-old Hereford cow. DuchessFairfax, with calf at foot, sold for £I2OOat a sale in Indiana, U.S.A., and 73 headaveraged £248 12s. A yearling bull, Lay-ton Fairfax, realised £7OO, and a secondbull sold for £6OO. No fewer than fivecows realised over £4OO, and two reached

Ito £SOO. Shorthorns are' selling at lowprices in the States, 42 head averaging£224. A roan yearling bull, CumberlandChoice, realised £I3OO.

Owing to the ravages of ticks in Queens-land _ tne experiment has been made ofcrossing cattle "with Zebu bulls, reportshaving been obtained from India that suchcattle are immune to tick fever. One ofthose who made the experiment was MrWilliam M'Dowall, of Christmas Creek,North Queensland, who secured a fine Zebubull several years ago. Recently asked tostate his opinion on the experiment, MrM'Dowall said that a . cross with Devonsgave a beast that was far ahead of otheroattle in keeping condition during drought.He found that, they topped up morequickly and came to maturity earlier. Theyappeared to be immune to all disease, andoffered greater resistance to the ravagesof ticks. Such a cross quickly got wildrnless_ well handled, but under the latterconditions they made excellent working bul-locks, as they worked longer and moreeasily_ than ordinary cattle. Mr M'Dowallwas inclined to think that a cross with aShorthorn would produce quiet cattle. Sucha cross produced excellent milkers

1 THE WOOL POSITION "AS SEENTHROUGH GERMAN SPECTACLES.The report of the Deputy Attorney-general of the State of New York, pn theinvestigation into the wool transactions of

the Deutsche (German) Bank through vari--1 ous>

hyphenated trading concerns in theUnited States provides some very interest-ing reading (says tho Pastoral* Review J.In general the scheme, which aimed at thepurchase of wool for German account InAustralia and Cape Colony, by variousfirms of United States nationality, was en-gineered by Schmidt, Schwerdt, and theGerman Embassy in America, actingthrough the Commercial Attache of theI Embassy, Mr H. .F. Albert Schmidt whoat the beginning of the war, cams to theUnited States to act as agent for the

\ Deutsche Bank. Schwerdt, who claimedv Belgian oitizenship, but now in detentionas a dangerous alien enemy, arrived aboutthe same time, and was originally a repre-sentative in Antwerp of British and otherfirms dealing in wool. Between them theysucceeded in so far duping the Textile

; Alliance (which body had entered into anj agreement with the British Government tocontrol imports of British colonial woolinto tho United States, in such a mannerthat none of it would be allowed to inure jto the benefit of the enemies of Great !Britain) as to permit of at least two ship- !

j ments of British wool to Germany.i The following extracts are from a letter j, written to Schmidt by Schwerdt, a dupli- \cate being sent to Dr H. F. Albert, of thoGerman Embassy, on 19th January, 1917.

; The first sentence is pregnant with mean- :ing, as showing a vivid glimpse of Ger- ;

: many's probable economic condition after jthe war, and roads:—"There is not the !slightest doubt in my mind that the pro- jblem of supplying wool for the textile in- Idustry of the Central Powers after the con- jelusion of peace will present serious diffi-

j culties. England, from whose colonies— |Australasia and the Cape—Germany im-ported tho largest_ part of its wool, is jlikely, as far as it is possible to make any Idefinite predictions at this time, to mairi- itain thd embargo on wool even after - tho Iwar for the protection of its industry. If jit surrenders any wool it will do so at first !only to its Allies, and together with these jEngland will easily be able to dispose of !the quantity available." No more striking jtestimony to the importance of Australia's iwool clip could be adduced from any jsource. Incidentally some figures of thoworld's production are given, which will ,also .be of interest. Before the war the jproduction was as follows:—England, about I121.000.000 English pounds; Russia, about !380.000.000 English pounds; France, about j75.000.000 English pounds; Germany, about25.000,000 English pounds of dome=tio Iwool; but there figures have probably !diminished considerably on account of thewar. Statistics as to the production ofother countries concerned are as follows:1915-16. South America, about' 470,000.000English pounds; South Africa, about190.000.000 English pounds; Australasiaabout 645,000.000 English rounds; UnitedStates, about 288,000,000 English pounds. I

SOUTHLAND AGRICULTURALNOTES.

(Feom Oub Own Corbespondhnt.J! The unpropitious weather which has beejji

' so very unfavourable for all kinds of out.' side operations may from appearances b*' now giving way to more favourable condl*

j tions. . It is high time it were so, for no\ one can remember when at this particularEeriod all kino's of work has been so fajf

ehind. It will, even with the shortageof be overtaken, but it is a draw-back which always has an unfavourably

: effect. Indications of spring are how be*coming quite apparent. Near the coast anqin localities originally swamp land this ijthe case. There is an increasing greennesajn the pastures, • which, though not yield-ing much feed for stock of any kind, make£the position more hopeful. Parties travel'ling maintain that Southland, if not look«ing better, is giving promise of emergingfrom tho dull deadness of winter as mucEso as any other part of the South Island!.

The lambing season is approaching, an<swith some really begun. It is not con''sidered safe from practical experience tohave lambs earlier in (Southland than themiddle of September. Until there is suffi-cient grass to ensure the dam getting suffi-cient feed to sustain her progeny a success-ful lambing -oannot be expected. Even ifthe weather gets to some extent unfavour-able, both owe and lamb can hold outlonger. There are not many lambs to beseen in the paddocks yet, making it seemas if all the necessary requirement* for asuccessful lambing are being quite fullyunderstood. The management of stock gene-raly in both Southland and Otaco, wherd .so much depends upon weather, has in re-cent years improved very much. I make:bold to affirm unhesitatingly that thecolumns of tho Witness particularly, andlatterly other papers ' through their agri-cultural oolumns, have • helped very muohto improve the knowledge of many whohave taken up farming pursuits withr ouisufficient, training and experience. It woulojtake too much space to go fully into thamatter to show tho benefits of practicalinformation so derived, but the numberwho dan candidly acknowledge such isalways' in evidence.

The oanvassers for tho Wallace Agricul-tural andi Pastoral Association, report that£IOO is already collected for special prizes,and double that amount may be expected,I think it speaks well for the membersof the Southland Association when jn thesetimes demands are so numerous and heavy,that of the £IO,OOO required to put_ theassociation in a financially sound position.£7300 of this amount has been subscribed.The Invercargill Stock Agents and Wool-brokers' Association started tho list with adonation of £ISOO, which gave a decidedstart to the campaign. When the fullamount_ raised it will make the annualsaving in interest sufficiently large to placethe association's future beyond doubt.

The dairy factory companies in Southlandwhich have published their balance sheetsshow what has been paid per lb for butter-fat for the season, and, taking 10 of them,not including any large factories, they ehotfan average of about Is 9|d per lb. Fourof them gave Is lOd, four gave Is 9^dtone gate Is Il£d. and the smallest factoryIs 7|d. Some ot them have still a smallbonus to pay. One dairy-farmer at Eden-dale who goes in for Friesians, with a herdof about 30 oows, had from milk returnsand the sale of steer calves sold in Januaryat £4 each an average of £33 per cow.Another dairy-farmer in the neighbourhoodof Invercargill, with 40 cows, drew' fromthe factory for the season the sum totalof £I4OO, exclusive of calves sold in theInvercargill saloyards. Calves are now com-ing in more freely in the salerooms onSaturday, showing that the cows are com-ing in, and the factories will soon agairibo in full swing.

Tho storage problem will, I have nodoubt, be fully met, and the Bluff HarbourBoard has come to the rescue and alreadysaved_ the situation so

_

well that they willmet it again, and dairy factory directorswho are dreading the future need not doso.

Reverting to the cows referred to in thefirst lot, it is worthy of remark that irigeneral appearance as milk-producers they'look as if they could sustain their reputattion for making a record. The owner gota bull of first Friesian blood from Long-beach.

At a previous Wallacetown sale tho re-cord for the season was a pen of wethersfetching 46s 9d, but that was surpassedby one from the Waiau belonging to MrR. Beggs and purchased by Turpin andCompany at the very high figure of 545.At the same sale noted for the sale ofRomney cross wethers there was also arecord in the number of cows coming for-ward. No fewer than 117, all reprcsenta*tive of dairy cows, came under the hammer.Many of them were not of first quality, butanything good and guaranteed brought highprices, well into the teens, and the highestfigure reached was £2l 10s.

A very successful exhibition of the Molinatractor, given on the farm of Mr Win,Wateon by James M'Alister (Ltd.), waswell attended, and good work done. Far-,mors in general have the idea that theydo not yet meet all the demands that maybe made upon them. It is very difficultto combine sufficient tractor power withlightness of construction and strength toboth stand tho necessary strain and accont.plish all kinds of work easily end well-

September 4, 1918 OTAGO WITNESS. 9

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amusement tax, the Collector claiming 6don the 10s 6d members' tickets. It wasresolved to pay the tax. It is understoodthe net profit of the show is £l2 0s 9d.It was resolved to hand over this sum forpatriotic purposes. The date fixed for theshow this year is Thursday, December 12.Mr Cromb was returned unopposed aschairman, and the following office-bearerswere appointed:—Patron, Mr R.Scott, M.P.; president, Mr D. Murray;vice-presidents, Messrs R. J. E.Smith and J. O'Neill; hon. treasurer-Mr W. Brown; yard superintendent, Mr .W.Davis; hon. auditor, Mr R. Fraher; sec-retary, Mr J. Refd. Committee—Hyde, MrT. Dowling; Kokonga. Messrs Mann andPeterson; Lower Kyeburn, Griffiths andAndrews ; Eweburn—Bleach. J Mulholland,W. Dowling, W. Mawhinney, J. Glenn,Cromb; Patearoa—J. P. Herlihy, Grccr, M.Cogan, W. E. Beattie, Little, and J.Blakely; Gimmerburn—J. Weir, J. M'Lood,A. Cleugh„ R. Sharkey, C. Dougherty, jun.,Armour, W. M. Mawhinney, Black/ Fenton,Davis: Upper Kyeburn, Lunan and Haugh;Paevau—Ait-ken, L. Bleach. Mathewson;Ranfurlv—Mitchell, Crawford, Smith,Walker,' Weir. C. Dougherty; Nasoby—H.Wilson, C. Inder, Fraser. Fraher. Dr Lillie;Blackstono Hill—Lowis, D. and J. Nicolson,Williamson ; Maruimato—P. M. Law, Dow,Shaw, T. Lindsay, Duncan; Wnipiata—A.Hall, F. Mathias. Coram. W. Hall, jun.;life member, Mr R W. Glcndinning.

WAITAHUNA FARMERS' CLUB.The thirty-seventh annual meeting of the

Waitahuna Farmers' Club was held on the26th ult., Mr Joseph Crane (vice-president)being in the chair. In submitting thoannual report and balance sheet, the execu-tive congratulated the club on another suc-cessful year. The total receipts for theyear amounted to £277 18s sd, and thoexpenditure to £232 ]2s Id, leaving a creditbalance of £45 6s 4d. The membershipshewed a slight decrea.se, and the executiveregretted the loss to the club in the re-moval from the district of Mr A. Murdochand of Mr D. M'Donald (the club's presi-dent for the past two years). The annualshow was in most respects very successful,the total entries chowing a decided increaseover this previous year's figures. Tireexecutive desired to thank friends and sup-porters for generous donations to the PrizeFund, and also to thank members for theirfinancial support through tho year. MrOrane was elected president, and tho re-maining offices wero filled as follow:Vice-president, Mr Alex. Darron; Commit-

toe of Management, all the members; audi-tor, Mr R. M'Caw.

On the motion of the president and vice-president a very hearty vote of thanks waspassed to the Hon. Sir James Allen for theconsistent interest he had shown in theciub'e welfare and for publications for-warded.

DRY ROT OF TURNIPS.SUGGESTIONS REGARDING CONTROL.

By A. H. Cockayne, Biologist, in the NewZealand Journal of Agriculture.

The dry-rot disease of turnips is causedby a fungus known as Phoma napo-brassi-cae, which effects the bulbs of swedes,turnips, and mangolds, causing their prema-i- '"-motion. With turnips and man-golds dry-rot only causes rotting in bulbsu-.-it have been previously injured in somemechanical way, or"have been affected bysome_other fungus or insect that has inducedcertain types of decay to occur, and in thecase of these roots it therefore only hastensthe rapidity of the rot which. would occur,irrespective of infection. The infection ofmangolds with dry-rot is rare, and hasbeen noted only in the Auckland andTaranaki districts. With turnips dry-rotis common in crops that have been seriously'injured either with aphis or diamond-backmoth. Turnips rarely have more than2 or 3 per cent, of affected bulbs in regionswhere these insects are not troublesome.In the Tai'eri district in bad . aphis yearsturnips are seriously affected, but in wetseasons they escape with a minimum ofinfection. In Southland and WallaceCounties, where aphis and diamond-backmoth are never serious, yellow-Heshed turnipsare never affected with dry-rot sufficientlyto cause 'any great apprehension as to thefuture growing of the crops in those dis-tricts. These considerations regarding tur-nips are of importance, as they may havea strong bearing on the avoidance, by theuso of suitable varieties, of extensive lossesthrough dry-rot.

THE CASE OF SWEDES.With regard to swedes, however, the

position is very serious. In the first place,dry-rot can infect swedes irrespective ofwhether they are perfectly healthy or havebeen weakened by any means. In the secondplace, infection becomes' increasingly viru-lent on swedes from the end of June to theend of September. There are many districtswhere dry-rot is causing the swede crop tobe quite imreliable, and complete destruc-tion may occur if the'' crop is held over afterthe end of June. Thus in such districts(Southland is especially bad) the crop cannotbe grown for the purpose for which it isreally intended —the provision of supple-mentary feed to come in after the Aberdeenturnips have been exhausted and before thesrf'njy trrass is well .nwayv In localitieswhere dry-rot is really bad swedes areR-enerally all right if fed off before July.In Southland, however, yellow-fleshed tur-nips produce such large and reliable cropsthat they are almost exclusively grown forwinter feeding, swedes only being used inthe very late winter or early spring. Thesystem of growing as few swedes as possibleis regular in Southland, and has in certaininstances been partly induced through fearof dry-rot.

In many parts of the North Island swedesare seriously affected with dry-rot, but asthe' spring growth is earlier they do nothave to be kept so long. Again, Jn manyparts of the North Island yellow-fleshedAberdeens are not a great success, andswedes are made to take their place. Thus,in the North a large proportion of swedesbeing fed off earlier than in the South thedry-rot position is not so serious. In dairy-ing districts in the North where complaintsconcerning dry-i-ot are frequent, substitutionby mangolds is carried out, and is a decidedimprovement from an efficient farming view-point.

In .Southland a good deal of misconcep-tion occurs as to the relative importanceof. swedes and turnips so far as area isconcerned. I have reckoned that not morethan 15 per cent, of the winter feed areais devoted to swedes, so that turnips, whichdo not suffer to any great extent from dry-rot, are far and away the more importantcrop. Still, the abandonment of swedeswould be serious, for, as already indicated,they are specially adapted for filling in thatshort period between the exhaustion of theAberdeens and the spring growth of grass.It must bo remembered, however, that cer-tain districts—such, for instance, as River-ton—have virtually abandoned the growingof swedes for many years, and now relyalmost entirely on yellow-fleshed turnips tocarry through stock till the s?:>ring. Itis quite a. common remark of farmers tosay, "Swedes are no good with me, and Ihave given up growing them." In nearlyevery case dry-rot has been the cause.

Now. if it is assumed that swede-growing(particularly in Southland) will have to boabandoned unless a method of controllingdry-rot. is discovered, it is also feasible toexpect that the work entailed by a scientific

investigation of the disease and its incidencewill be very great and must extend- overa consdcrablo time, all experience withother field-crop diseases being in this direc-tion. It therefore'appears that investigationinto dry-rot should also be accompaniedby an inquiry into the methods of farm-management in which no swedes arc grown—in other words, that a substitute for thoswede crop should bo discovered. The sub-stitution of crops is a jnatter that can bofound out rapidly and easily by field experi-ment and demonstration, whereas in thecontrol of the causative agents of field-cropdiseases success has been obtained only in avery few instances.

INVESTIGATION WORK.A certain amount of investigation work,

both in field and laboratory, has beencarried out by the department with regardto dry-rot, and the results of practical signi-ficance can be summarised a"s follows:

(1) Infection appears earlier on earlysowings than on late ones.(2) Crops with 20 per cent, of bulbs

affeoted on, say, the third week ofJuly may have 100 per cent, affected

a couple of months later, in September.(3) Little loss is experienced with cropa

fed off before the middle of July.(4) All varieties of swedes so far experf-

mented with appear equally affected.(5) Swedes following affected , swede crops

are affected at a younger stage thanwhen grown on clean land. '

(6) Lime appears to delay infection.(7) Stored swedes covered appear to keep

much better than when in the field.Earthing up bulbs stops infection.

An outline of suggested work is as fol-lows,:—

(1) Investigation into the growing, utilisa-tion, and cost of production of crops toreplace swedes in areas where dry-rot isprevalent. This •swork should include aninvestigation on enlarging of the feeding-off period of yellow-ficshed turnips by modi-fications in field and utilisation practices,together with a thorough study of late-keeping varieties. It is quite probable thatalteration in the time of sowing, selectionof varieties, and adoption of pitting methodsmight enable yellow-fleshed turnips to re-place swedes entirely. Then, again, thequestion of employing other root crops,such as mangolds and carrots, to replaceswedes, and tho use of certain fodder crops,such as Algerian oats, should also beproperly studied. In connection with thisa proper economic study of the cabbageas i field crop should be made, apart fromany di'y-rot considerations, especially nearlargo centres of population where wintermilking is undertaken

(2) A proper study of the effects of dif-ferent types of manuring, times of sowing,and susceptibility different varieties ofswedes to dry-rot.

(3) A study Of pitting methods for swedesdone prior to the main winter outbreakof dry-rot.

(4)'A study of chemical methods of con-trol, especially spraying, considered fromthe cost point of view as well as the mosteffective method of application. . - -

(5) The furnishing of full information re-garding the situation to European seed-merchants who supply our swede seedrequirements, soliciting their co-operationin the production of the disease-proofvarieties desired.

(6) Local work in the raising of disease-proof varieties.

Personally, I am very strongly in favourof immediate attention being given to aconsideration of farm-management factorsthat will do away with the necessity forswede-growing in districts where dry-rot laserious. Something tangible should besecured rapidly in this way, and the lessonelearnt could be put into operation untilsuch time as either proper swede-manage-ment or a disease-proof swede wereevolved when swede-growing could againbe undertaken as a general farm practice.From what work I have myself done Irealise very clearly that the control_ ofdry-rot in swedes requires much investiga-tion and is not likely to be carried out byany simpler means. The farmer naturallywill desire some method that costs virtuallynothing and which does not alter his methodof management, but it is very unlikelythat such will be accomplished. One hasonly to consider the history of the controlof any of our general farm crops to realisethat of management largely basedon crop or variety substitution is the key-note of control of all diseases that are notpreventable by seed-treatment. Tho questionof dry-rot control from a practicalstandpoint seems, therefore, largely to con-sist of farm-practice considerations, and assuch it is being taken up by tho FieldsDivision. So far as the actual scientificwork in connection with the fungus isconcerned, more special consideration couldhave been given to it by the BiologySection had the officer who has beenspecially trained in this branch not beenrecently called up for military service.

As mentioned, however, a good deal ofwork has already been done, and tho resultsall point to crop-substitution methods _ asthe most likely to bo immediately effective.The only result that may or may not be of'practical significance is that earthing upand storing swedes seems to reduce rottingto a very large extent. The feasibility ofspraying is a point that should also beinvestigated, and it would not entail anydifficult features. At present one dismissesthe spraying idea as impracticable, even ifeffective, but such should bo determinedand not allowed to rest on mere opinion.

SOUTHLAND A. AND P. ASSO-CIATION.

ANNUAL MEETINGThe annual meeting of the Southland

Agricultural and Pastoral Association washeld on Saturday, Mr A. S. Holmes pre-siding. •

TJio anmial report stated that theattendance had been very good at theSummer Show, held on 11th and 12thDecember, and the takings amounted to£412. This was nearly £2OO less than theprevious year, but the profit for 1917 waa£lll as against £199 for 1916, .this com-paratively good result being brought aboutby a curtailment of expenses. The WinterShow, held on 14th and 15th May, showeda loss of £136 as against a loss of £7lfor 1917; but from every other point ofview except that of finance the show waaa success. The Horse Parade was abandonedowing to lack of interest of breeders, butthe Ram and Ewe Fair was successfully heldas usual. The thanks of the association weredue to those who had so generously givenspecial prizes, including Mr W. D. Hunt,who had offered an annual prize of £lO,

10 OTAGO WITNESS. September 4, 1918.

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Leading dairymen and breeders throughout New Zealandfully endorse Mr. Brisbane's appreciation. Sykes'ssDrench is apreventive against milk fever, and safeguards your herd fromthe many ills peculiar to calving time. Sykes's Drench, AmmolUdderine and Abortion Cure should always be kept handy—apleased customer writes of them :—" They supply what the pro-gressivedairyman cannot afford to be without."

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MANIOTOTO A. AND P. ASSO-CIATION.

The annual meeting of the ManiototoAgricultural and Pastoral Society was heldat Ranfurly on August 24, Mr Oromb pre-siding- A discussion occurred over the

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and Mr and Miss Adamson, Castlerock, whogave £2l for a prize. The income fromMr Barnhill's debentures had now accumu-lated sufficiently to purchase a Romney cup.The balance sheet showed a loss for theyear of £577 17s 4d, and the revenueaccount for the last three years showed atotal loss of £1362 13s Bd, chiefly accountedfor by the loss of revenue attributable towar conditions. As there appeared nomeans of increasing the revenue, a cam-paign had been started to raise £IO,OOOto reduce the liabilities, and place the asso-ciation's future beyond doubt. Of this£7300 was already promised, and some dis-tricts had not yet been canvassed.

The president, in moving the adoptionof the report, referring to the Winter Show,said the association would have to considerwhether or not it was advisable to con-tinue the" fixture. For the debt extinctionfund £BSOO was how assured, of which£7300 was in hand.

Mr Drain, in seconding the motion, saidhe would be sorry to see the Winter Showdropped, and the Hon. Mr Hawke thoughtit should be held for at least one year more.

The report was adopted.The following officers were elected:—Mr

A. S. Holms, president: Hon. A. F.Hawke, vice-president; directors—MessrsWm. Swale (Northern), James Milne (Wood-lands), James Callender (Invercargifl), JamesDrain (Western), John Carmichael (Eastern),James King- (Waiau), R. H. Bisset (Avon-dale). J. Gilkison (Invercargill). Mr J. T.F. Mitchell -was nominated to take the seatvacated by Mr Hunt's retirement, and, asthere was no other nomination, he waselected. Mr G-. Featherstone was re-ap-pointed auditor.

THE NORTH ISLAND.(Fbom Odb Own Corbesiondkxt.)

The North Island has enjoyed fairly goodweather during the past week, and thoughit rained a little, blew a little, and sunneda little, tlnre was practically an even dis-tribution. In the Auckland province ithas" been good, and the spell has been of»uch service to agriculturists that theyhave been enabled to go on preparing landfor the spring crops. A lengthy period ofvrarm, eunny weather is a rarity at thisseason of the year, and, according to aPukekohe resident, such has not been ex-perienced since August, 1908, when 10 daysof brilliant sunshine were enjoyed on theoocasion of the visit of the American fleet.Feed was very scarce indeed; but the fine-warm weather has caused resultant growth,and' paddocks now are not quite so bare.This position will be improved now, asspring is asserting itself.

L.amb9 are steadily increasing, and Inotice that this season's lambing is respon-sible again for a good percentage of pairs.Many farmers, of course, prefer the singles,but this is a matter of being very thankfulfor "small mercies."

The dairy season' is under way again, and"supplies to factories are steadily increasing.In some of the northern districts, however,serious trouble is bsing experienced withcows calving, the condition of the animalshaving been affected by the shortage offeed. One prominent authority informedme that a large number of calves havebeen lost in consequence of the abortiontrouble. The season promises to be good,and the increasing optimism of Ministersthat shipping has much better prospectshas put more heart into producers. Theannual reports of the. various dairy fac-tories" show that, on the whole, very highprices have been received by suppliers forbuttar-fat, and that the new season is like-wise full of promise.

A BIG CONCERN.Easily the biggest dairy concern operat-

ing in the north is the New Zealand DairyAssociation, the annual report ©f whichshows, in connection with the general trad-ing account, that sales for the year repre-sented a turnover of £1,376,438 0s 4d.These are record figures. The average pay-ment for the year is over le B£d per ibbutter-fat, which sum may _ be increasedwhen final payments are received from theGovernment on account of profits. A per-manent milk powder factory is in course oferection at Matangi, and is expected to becompleted early during tho coming season.Early in the year the business of the asso-ciation was amalgamated with that of theEureka Co-op. Dairy (Ltd.). Thoquantity of milk received during the yearwas 58,366,5391 b for butter manufacture,and 20,550,9771 b for cheese manufacture.The quantity of cream received was18,730,7351b. The butter-fat paid for forbutter manufacture was 9,905,9041 b and forcheese manufacture 756,6031b. The manu-facture during tho year was 11,831,0751bbutter 1,959,8591 b cheese, and 3,550,4411bmilk powder. The overrun was 19.4 perCent., and 2.591 b of cheese made from eachpound of butter-fat. The average butter-tat quality of milk was 3.77 per cent., andof cream 41.1 per cent. The skim-milktest average over all oreameries was 0.03per cent.

A BIG.TARANAKI CONCERN.Tho J. T. L. Joll Company in Taranaki

also does a big business, and, according tothe annual report, after writing off the sumof £1342 for all-round depreciation, thereremains a credit balance to appropriationaccount amounting to £32,386 Is 8d to bedealt with. The following are the statis-tic* for the year:—Milk received46,795,6551b, butter-fat 1,755,5541b, average

test 3.75 oer cent., cheese manufactured(1997 tona*l2cwt Oar 171b) 45,8591b, yieldof cheese per lb of fat (20 tons 9cwt lqr31b) 2.611b, milk to lib oheese 10.231b, milkto lib butter 24.761b, overrun (butter) 15per cent.IS THE JERSEY A "ROBBER" COW?

An animated and interesting discussionis proceeding in Taranaki over the ques-tion of whether the Jersey is all that .'sclaimed for her. A well-known farmerraised the point a short time ago that theJersey is not the cow that some otherbreeds are, and it is only natural that ina place like Taranaki, the home of theJerseys, there are numerous defenders oftheir own special fancy herds. Big argu-ments have been adduced for and against.One farmer contends that the Jersey cowis, par excellence, the butter-fat cow. An-other maintains that she is not only this,but that she produces other solids m hermilk in proportion to the butter-fat con-tent thereof. Another farmer of a differentturn of mind maintains that the "Jerseyis the robber bee in the cheese-makinghive," and he goes on to point out, andrightly so, that this question is a mostimportant one to every dairyman in NewZealand. The butter-fat test, he < says, isthe true test in plain butter-making;- butwhat dairymen want to know to a cer-tainty is this: Is the butter-fat test a truetest of the value of a given milk in cheese-making, in casein-making, and in driedmilk-making. It is claimed that in theseindustries the butter-fat test is a mereimposition. The very fact that over 2£lbof cheese is made to the lib of butter-fatis proof enough that tha butter--fat is nothalf the solids contained in the milk, andon top of that the sugar of milk goes downthe whey pipe. It is also maintained thatdairy chemists should know of some promptand ready method of getting at the solidcontents of any milk. However, the discus-sion of the merits or demerits of the Jerseyis interesting, even if not convincing, andI am sure that in Taranaki, as well asother places on this small earth, there aremany who are quite satisfied that theJersey is not a "robber cow." They arequite open to argument, like the Irishman,but they would like to see the man whocould oonvince them that they are wrong.One • farmer who broke out in verse sug-gested that, whether it be Jersey or Short-horn, dairymen should keep the cow thatsuits the land. That man will have a goodfollowing in Taranaki.

"SMOTHERING" SHEEP.A case of more than ordinary interest is

at present being thrashed out in the laWcourts of Wanganui. The case concerns adeal of 600 sheep purchased from GeorgeWheeler, farmer, near Taihape, by JamesS. Ashmore and Cecil W. Gregg, farmers,of Raetihi, trading under the partnershipas Ashmore and Gregg. The New ZealandLoan and Mercantile Company was alsojoined as a defendant. The statement ofolaim S9ts out that on 28th November,1917, the plaintiff agreed to sell to de-fendants, Ashmore and Gregg, 600 ewes,which were to be delivered at Taihape on10th February, 1918. Delivery took placenext day. On that day the manager ofthe New Zealand Loan and MercantileAgency Company (Ltd.), at Taihape, anda drover arrived at plaintiff's farm andtook delivery of the sheep on behalf ofthe defendants Ashmore and Gregg. Sub-sequently 359 of the sheep, while on theirwav to Taihape, were smothered. The pur-chase money of the 600 ewes was 30s 9deach, amounting to £992 10s. DefendantsAshmore and Gregg paid to the plaintiff£370 10s 9d, the price of the 241 eweswhich survived, but declined to pay thebalance of £551 19s 3d. The plaintiffclaimed from defendant this sum, togetherwith interest at £6 per cent, from Febru-ary 10, 1918, until judgment.

The plaintiff, in the course of his evi-dence, said that delivery took place on hisfarm after the sheep had been drafted.Oldham, manager for New Zealand Loanand Mercantile Agency Company (Ltd.),Taihape, signe'd the note on behalf of thedefendant farmers, and endorsed the oldagreement that he had taken delivery. He idid not give any instructions to the drover.He heard about the smother the followingafternoon, and when spoken to about it- byOldham said he had given delivery of thesheep before that took place, and expectedto be paid for all the sheep. He relievedupon the documents to clear him from lia-bility, and believed Oldham was acting asagent for Ashmore and Gregg.

The case is expected to occupy the atten-tion of the Supreme Court for a couple ofdays; but one of the interesting featuresof the action is that the "smothering"occurred in an unusual way. The sheepwere placed for the night in a small pad-dock near Taihape, with, I understand, a"dip" at one end. A motor car withdazzling head-lights came along, and soaffected the sheep that they made a divefor the end of the paddock with the dipin it. The foremost sheep in their frightfell forward, and as the others came For-ward they simply jumped on the othersthat got there first. The result was thatall the sheep underneath were completelysmothered, hence the action to ascertainwho is responsible for the loss. This iaonly one of numerous mishaps which areconstantly occurring as the result of bril-liantly dazzling head-lights on motor cars,

SETTLING SOLDIERS ON THE /

LAND.An interesting statement has been made

by the Hon. D, H. Guthrie in relation

to the State's operations in the settling ofdischarged soldiers on the land. Thisshows that the total expenditure by theCrown to date for the benefit of dischargedsoldiers is approximately:—Purchase ofprivate lands, £1,143,780; advances author-ised to assist in purchase of private ruraland town lands by discharged soldiers' andfor improvement and stocking of their hold-ings, £412,263; • approximate amount in-volved in ourchase under Section 3 of the1917 Amendment, £IOO,OOO. Total, £1,656,04?.Since the war began 554,534 acres of Nativsland have been bought for the Govern-ment by the Native Land Purchase Board,and about 700,000 acres are under negotia-tion, of which it may be estimated that100,000 will be acquired during the, re-mainder of the financial year. This is not,of course, all available for settlement, asin some cases it has not yet been possibleto complete the purchase of the interestsof all the Natives concerned in the title,while many of the areas are _ subject_ toleases to Europeans. The Minister pointsout that advances up to £2500 may bemade to assist soldiers in the purchase ofprivate or Native land or the acquisitionby transfer of land leased from a LandBoard; and, in addition to this, advancesup to £750 may be made to assist in theimprovement of holdings and the purchaseof stock, etc. The rate of interest on ad-

j vances is 5 per cent, per annum.; SOLDIERS' DWELLINGS.! According to an official _ statement madeby the Minister of Lands in respect to thesettlement of soldiers, there are two pro-cesses by which dwellings in town may beprovided for discharged soldiers:—Landmay be purchased by the Crown anddwellings may then be erected thereon fordisposal to discharged soldiers on condi-tions similar to those provided in the caseof workers' dwellings, an annual instalmentequal to 7 per cent, of the total price ispayable, and this repays the purchasemoney_ in 25i years; an amount up to£IOOO may be advanced" to assist a soldierto purchase a dwelling, this advance is re-paid .by instalments for a period of 25£years, the amount of the annual instalmentbeing 7 per cent., which includes intereston sinking fund; an amount up to £750may be' advanced to a discharged soldierfor the erection of a dwelling on any landin a town owned by him, repayments of theamounts advanced are made in the samemanner as under (b).MEAT COMMANDEER AND ATTI-TUDE OF GISBORNE PRODUCERS,

i The Gisborne meat producers have beenobjecting to an alleged conference of Do-minion _ meat producers without PovertyBay being consulted, 'and at a meeting ofthe Poverty Bay sub-provincial branch ofthe Farmers' Union it was unanimouslycarried—"That the Poverty Bay Sub-pro-vincial Executive of the Farmers' Unionconsiders that the recent conference be-tween the Hon. Mr Guthrie and so-calledmeat producers was not representative ofNew Zealand, and no steps should be

until a conference representative ofall meat producers was held."It was further resolved-—"That, seeing ;ihat neither the Imperial authorities northe New Zealand Government have asked

that the meat commandeer should be ex-tended for a further term, we are satisfiedfor the present to leave the matter as itis. In the event of a requisition comingforward from either of the Governmentsthat representatives of the meat producersfrom all parts of the Dominion, be askedto a conference, and that this executivewill do its best to send a delegate to con-sider the matter with them." It was alsodecided to send copies to all the branchesin the Dominion.

ADDITIONAL STORAGE. !Our primary producers are now keenly iactive to the necessity of providing addi-

tional storage for their manufacturers, andboth meat, dairy, and wool concerns arefacing this problem with a good deal ofbusiness acumen. The West Coast Refri-gerating Company is one that is lookingahead, and intends to provide storage foranother 50,000 crates of cheese at Hawera. IIt is understood that a freehold site has ibeen secured alongside the Winter Show Ibuildings, and all neceseary machinery has Ibeen purchased. It is intended to havethe building completed and the machineryinstalled by January. The estimated cos'tof the proposed new buildings and plantis about £14,000. Additional storage isj also being provided for in the Whakatane Idistrict.

At Wanganui, the important question of Isupplementing existing cool storage wasalso discussed at the annual meeting of theWanganui Meat Freezing Company, andit was eventually agreed to provide extrastorage for 30.00 d carcases, provided £IO,OOO !of new capital was subscribed.

SERIOUS BLOW TO WANGANUI.For some little time past there havo

been rumours—evidently well based —con-| ceming alleged existing dangers to which

I vessels operating along the west coast weresubjected, on account of supposed floatingmines Nearly all the trafEo is now con-fined to daylight trips; but a new develop-ment has occurred, in that Captain HallThompson, Naval Adviser to the Govern- !ment, has deoided that, owing to the pos- |sibility of floating mines coming off the jcoast, it was dangerous for vessels tolighter in the Wanganui roadstead, Thismeans that big steamers will not take the Irisk. In view of the fact that there aretwo large meat exporting companies at

Wanganui, apart from dairying and woolinterests, the position is a very serious one,particularly as companies have spent thou-sands of pounds in' providing insulatedspace at Wanganui. The matter is engag-ing the attention of the authorities, andthe followng cablo has been forwarded tothe Prime Minister and Sir Joseph Ward:"New Zealand naval authorities havestopped overseas steamers loading at road-stead ports. Impossible to get sufficientinsulated space to carry produce to mainports. If the restriction is adhered to, itmeans very serious hardships and loss. Atpresent considerably oyer one-third of amillion carcases are stored here, in addi-tion to a large quantity of dairy produce,in anticipation of overseas steamers callinghere. We are confident there is no moredanger to steamers coming to Wanganuithan at other ports. Hope you can havethe embargo removed. Matter veryurgent."There is a good deal of feeling_ over thematter, and it is felt in some circles thatthe floating mine scare is being used asa bogey to cause centralisation at Welling-ton. ■A PROMISING WAIRARAPA HEDJER.

A paragraph has been going the roundsof the papers that a Holstein heifer \ ownedby Mr Melvin, Mania, Taranaki, is on asemi-official test, and gave promise ofestablishing a new recorcf for the Dominion.Upon making ■ investigations I ascertainedthat, in ihe first place, the heifer in ques-tion is Princess Pieterje da Kol, and" thatshe is owned by Mr R. Melvin, of Maniaroad, Masterton, not Taranaki. ' She wasbred by Mr Donald, of Westmere, whoseHolstein herd has become famous for thenumber of great milk producers being bredin the Wanganui district. Princess Pieterjede Kol, however, has* had bad luck.She was doing very well up to about themiddle of the month, when she injured oneof her teats, with the result that it hasgone practically dry; Mr Melvin is natur-ally disappointed, because he was lookingforward to her putting up a good record.Up to the end of July, or with her testhaving run 307 days, she made 14,1241bmilk and 564.671 b fat. "Had she keptgoing she would have made nearly--6501b fat; but . the owner surmisesthat it will take her all her time to make6001b. This has knocked a little of theenthusiasm out of Mr Melvin for the timebeing; but perhaps he will have betterluck with Duchess Pieterje Pontiae. Sheis' keeping all right, and her record nowstands 52441 b milk and 192.181 b fat in 87days. The very fine output from these twoheifers shows that Mr Donald's Friesianherd is baing built on lines, and thatthe success which has attended the semi-official tests of his cows has not beenmerely a "fluke," as some would-be autho-rities chose to imagine.

DRIED MILK QUESTION.At the annual meeting of the T. L. Joll

Company Mr J. B. Musrdoch, chairman,referred to the' dried milk question, andsuggested that the production of sugar ofmilk appealed to certain people more thandried milk. The men who had gone toAmerica to investigate did not know muchabout this. It had been ascertained thatthe machinery for sugar of milk produc-tion was made in Australia, but was diffi-cult to obtain just now. The difficult ques-tion to solve was marketing. At oresentsugar of milk was worth £l3O, and driedmilk (for whole milk) £2OO. Prior to thewar the price for sugar of milk was £4O,and for dried milk £6B to £7O. They wereendeavouring to make a contract for fouror five years at an assured price to permitof paying for the whole plant. If theycould do that they must, go in for it: butso far they had. not been able to. Driedmilk required an expensive plant, and enor-mous fuel consumption. A factory couldbe erected at Kapanui, where 240,0001 b ofmilk could be concentrated in the flush ofthe season, embraoing all their easternsupply, and as far as Otakeho, and theRaupokonui supply to Waiokura, and asfar north as Kaponga. Such a supplv. snidMr Murdoch, was worth spending £60.000to £70.000 to cope with, and if assured ofa good price for four or five years, howould not hesitate to ask the shareholdersto support the proposal.

FARMERS' UNION EXECUTIVEA meeting of the executive of the Otago

Provincial Council of the New ZealandFarmers' Union was held on the 28th.

A considerable amount of correspondencedealing Avith wheat, railway traffic, freez-ing space, military service, Efficiency Boards,Recruiting Board, and the Government com-mandeer of wool, meat, etc., was dealtwith.

The following resolutions were passed andreferred to the various branches for opinion:—"That the Provincial Executives be askedto express an opinion on the adoption of auniversal basis of subscription for all mem-bers of the Farmers' Union throughoutthe dominion on a graduated scale com-puted according to unimproved valuationof lands farmed by individual members re-spectively, with a minimum of £l, and toascertain if it would not be greatly in theinterests of members of the union that por-tion of each subscription be paid to theFarmers' Union Advocate, the members toreceive a copy of the paper." "That allresolutions passed by. branches other thanthose affecting purely local affairs of thebranches concerned be forwared to the

Provincial Executive for filing and con-sideration."

The following motion will be consideredat the next meeting:—"That the Dominionand Provincial Executives take such stepsas are considered necessary in order thabthe branches of the Farmers' Union may.discuss the question, of government by anelective executive, and - that representativesbo sent to the next Dominion conferencewith instructions in regard to this matter."

A resolution was carried which will beforwarded to the Minister of Agriculture sug-gesting that seedy wool and pieces might basent to Japan in exchange for fertilisers.

Resolutions in regard to the Rabbit Act,and the harnessing of the water power forelectrical purposes were also passed, also,a resolution approving of the Government'sproposals in regard to the commandeer ofwool and purchase of wheat

It was decided:—" That the Governmentbe asked to consult the Farmers' Union inall matters relating to the disposal offarmers' produce, as farmers and not freez-ing companies are the owners'of the pro-duce."

It was also decided—"That the Boardof Trade be asked to inquire into the re-tail price of wool, hides, boots, etc."

SOUTHERN DAIRY FACTORYCOMPANIES.MERRIVALE.

• The supply of milk at the Merrivaleoperative Dairy Factory has continued tofall off during'the past three seasons t in1916, 2,702,65t51b of milk being receivedfrom 29 suppliers; 1917, 2,043,9491 b from24 suppliers, and 1918, 1,976,0891 b from23 suppliers. The average price paid, bythe factory during that period of threeyears per gaffon of milk, however, hasworked out at 6.19d, 7.4 d and 7.57 d. Thebutter-fat produced last year was 71,2511b,which made 182,6671 b of cheese, each poundof butter-fat producing 2.621 b of cheese.The average test was 3.60, as against 3.59in the two previous seasons. There was alsoan increase in the amount' of milk requiredto produce lib of cheese, 10.551 b as against10.501 b in 1917, and 10.471 b in 1916, and onthe other hand the amount of cheese pro-duced from each pound of butter-fat wasless, being 2.621 b in 1918 as against 2.641bin 1917 and 2:661b in 1916. The. companyalso manufactured 52921 b of whey butterduring the season, an average of 63.31 b ofbutter from every ton of cheese, and asIs lid was received for the butter, the by-

' product produced extra revenue to everyton of cheese manufactured of £3 9slo£d.Provision has been made for depreciationto the extent of £l5O, which has broughtdown the bank No. 1 account to £169 6s4d. The Imperial Government is still in-debted to the factory in the sum of £73112s 3d for cheese in cool store, and thenon-payment of this, together with thovalue of goods purchased and paid for fornext season, £261 10s 6d, accounts for thetemporarily heavy overdraft of £991 18s 5dat the bank on the working account. Sup-pliers have already been paid Is 9d per lbon their butter-fat, and there is a furthersum of £156 18s 8d at the credit of profitand loss account for distribution. Thodirectors recommend that a dividend of 5per cent, be paid on the paid-up capital,absorbing £43 15s. Of the balance theydecided that- a further bonus of three-eighths of a penny on butter-fat be paidto suppliers, and this has been distributedsince the balance sheet was made up. Asmall sum of £1 17a 2d is carried forwardto next year.

APARIMA.At the annual meeting of the suppliers

to the Aparima Dairy Factory Companythere was" a large attendance, includingrepresentatives of the fair sex. The meet-ing elected Messrs Geo. Rodger and JohnRoes to fill vacancies on the directoratecaused by the retirement of Messrs Geo.Carmichael and William Officer, who didnot seek re-election, votes of thanks beingaccorded the two latter residents ofGroper's Bush for their services. Thedirectors' report ftnted that the intake ofmilk during the season was 5,014,9781b,which yielded 182,2651 b of butter-fat, mak-ing 212 tons 7cwt lqr 51b of cheese,, anincrease of Hi tons on the previous year'smake. During the season four tons lOcwtof whey butter were also made, 30cwt ofwhich was purchased by the Imperialauthorities at 133 s 3d per cwt, f.0.b., PortChalmers, th<* remainder.,, other than thatused by suppliers, being sold in Dunedinat a price equal to Is 3d per lb. The totalturnover for the season was £20,132.

OTATJTAU. •

Payment made to date to suppliers of theOtautau Co-operative Dairy Factoryamounts to Is 8d per lb of butter-fat anda sum of £1203 3s 6d is still availablo:.this it is proposed to pay out as follows:Second bonus of Id per lb on butter-fat onthe night of the annual meeting (this -willabsorb £525 6s); a third bonus on Novem-ber 6 of an equal amount; and to pay adividend of 7& per cent, on the paid-upcapital of the company which th© directorsrecommend. The small balance rerriairiingwill bo carried forward to next year. Theuncertain conditions attached to the importmarket compelled the directors to Duynearly a year ahead, the supplies for theincoming season. A large proportion ofthe availablo margin is therefore locked up

September 4, 1918. OTAGO WITNESS 11

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Ploughs, Harrows, Drills, Lime Sowers, Chaficutters, Baggers, Wool Press, Separators, and a complete "REID & GRAY" Implement line.

C t Fllll 0 # SO £k 1 I¥k M I mafaß T!?T f™\ DUNEDIN, INVERCARGILL, GORE, OAMARU, TIMARTJ,

Particulars from .FvELID & CaKAT Li IVII 8 ELLJ 9 ashburton, christchurch, palmerston north.j •;:■ 535 ■■-- ■, '-■-•-.; •- • ■■■ ■

in the shape of material on hand, which isthe reason the last payment of bonus isdeferred till November. During the yearthe directors reviewed the share list anadecided, instead of issuing further capitalto resume possession of a- number of dryshares which they have reissued to activesuppliers. At the annual meeting of share-holders the chairman of directors is tomove that new suppliers.coming into thecompany or present suppliers taking addi-tional shares shall pay a premium of 10sper share. ' The number of suppliers at thisFactory has increased to 36, and the intakelast season was 3,418,4501 b of ml* ft"1

increase on the previous season of 157,6321b.The butter-fat averaged 3.68 per cent., andamounted to 126.0661b. The cheese madewas 318.5621b. Each pound of butter-fataveraged 2.601 b cheese, and it took 10.451bof milk to make lib cheese. The averageprice paid to suppliers per gallon of milkwas 8.20 d, as against 7.21 d in 1917 and" 6din 1916.

TOJ. TOT.The annual meeting of the Toi Toi Dairy

Factory .Company was. held at Waimahakaon Wednesday, 14th August, Mr J. A.Stirling presiding. . The report states:—■The milk supply shows a slight increaseover that of the previous season, the out-put of oheeso being 80 tons, an increase of25dwt. The company has to pay heavystorage and insurance charges; but a por-tion of these charges will be refunded whenall the cheese has been shipped. Theprice received will enable the company topay Is 9£d per lb of fat over the season.Of. this amount, Is 8d has already beenpaid out; the balance will be paid whenthe cheese is all shipped. During the yeara complete- pasteurising plant, costing (in-cluding additions to the buildings) £368,has been installed. An additional watertank and stand cost £43; and an automatic)milk weigher was also installed at a co3tof £77. The sum of £l4O has been placedto the credit of our reserve account, mak-ing the total £460. _ The balance sheetriiows receipts amounting to £7501, leavinga balance of £l3 10s 7d. . Messrs GeorgeMorton und Henry Stirling, being the onlynominations for ihe two vacancies, wereduly elected directors, as was also MrJame 3 Hunter as auditor. At a subsequentmeeting of the board of directors Mr J.A. Stirling was re-elected chairman'for theensuing term. '•

FAIRFAX.The annual report of tho Fairfax Dairy

Factory Company states that tho intakeof milk was 11,081 gallons more thanduring.the previous year, and 11,8971 b ofcheese extra were produced. Tho wheyskimming plant continues to be a goodrevenuo earner, and the value of its pro-ducts enabled the directors to reduce theindebtedness to the bank by £129 5s 7d.The factory manager's award expires onthe Ist September, and an early demandfor increased wages is likely. The half-penny per pound butter-fat deducted fromsuppliers has been used in reduction ofoverdraft. But for the fact of a good dealof the cheese being kept in store owing toshipping shortage, the directors wouldpretty well have kept their promise to reducethe overdraft to £750 at the close of thoyear. As decided on at the last annual

meeting, £7l 10s was invested in war loancertificates. Suppliers have been paid Is Bidper lb butter-fat. The number of suppliersis 17; total milk received, l,047,0O0lb;butter-fat produced, 37,4891b: cheese pro-duced, 10i,0591b gross (98,4891 b net);average price paid for butter-fat, Is B£dper lb; average per gallon milk, 7.38 d;average test, 3.58 ; milk to produce libof cheese, i0.351b; 'cheese produced fromlib butter-fat, 2.691b; average price receivedfor cheese on net. weight, lOd; cream ex-tracted from whey 46921b, producing equalto butter-fat 22321b; butter from each tonof cheese 49j>lb.

OTERAMIKA.The annual lalance sheet of the Otera

mika Co-operative Dairy Factory Companyshows that £8095 16s 6d was received forthe cheese and £253 Is 3d for the buttermanufactured from the 2,063,0041 b of milkteceiv'ed during the past season. Thebutter-fat amounted to 74,797j1b, the milkshowed a percentage of 3.6, and produced191,2181b of cheese. Each pound of butter-fat made 2.551 b of cheese, the milk 10.781bto each pound of cheese. A progress pay-ment of Is 4d per lb on butter-fat wasmade during the season, and a final pay-ment of 6d will make the total for theseason Is lOd per lb. After declaring adividend of 6 per cent., a balance of £B95s 9d is carried forward.

BROWNS.The annual report of Browns Co-operative

Dairy Factory Co. states that the previousseason has been a good one. The amountof milk received was 1,289,6861b; the'butter-fat averaged 3.56 per cent., and amountedto 46,0341b. The cheese made was 128,6591b,or nearly 57£ tons. Each pound of butter-fat averaged 2.791 b of cheese, and it took10.021 b of milk to make lib of cheese.During the season advances up to Is 6d perlb of butter-fat were made to suppliersfor milk, and the directors recommendedthe annual meeting to declare a_ furtherbonus of s£d per lb, and also a dividendof 6 per oent. on the capital. This ispossible by the carrying, forward of a sub-stantial balance of £B7B 7s 2d from theprevious year.

RYAL BUSH.The ninth annual report of the Ryal

Bush Co-operative Dairy Factory statesthat a progress payment of Is 6d per lbof butter-fat was provided during the sea-son, and the final payment of 4d made atotal payment for the season of Is lOd perlb. After providing for a dividend of 6per cent., £ll6 7s 4d has been writtenoff the factory and plant, leaving a bal-ance of £129 0s 2d to bo carried forward.During the season 2,258,7091 b of milk wasreceived, for which £7826 Is 2d was paid.The butter-fat averaged 3.7 per cent., andamounted to 85,319i1b. Each pound ofbutter-iat made 2.41 b of cheese, the milkaveraging 10.81 b to each pound of cheese.The milk received produced. 208,1911 b ofcheese, or approximately 93 tons.

HEDGEHOPE.The annual report of the Hedgehope

Dairy Factory states that the past season'soutput constitutes a record, about 45 tons ofcheese being manufactured. The director's

recommend the payment to shareholders ofa bonus of lid per lb butter-fat, and adividend of 5 per cent, on the paid-upcapital. During the year 1,023,2891bof milk was received. The butter-fataveraged 3.9 per cent., and amountedto 39,8911b. The cheese made was100,5031b, or slightly less than 45 tons.Each pound of butter-fat averaged 2.511bof cheese, and: it took 10.181 b of milk tomake lib of cheese.

WINTON.The amount of milk received during the

year at the Winton Co-opertaive DairyFactory was 1,964,7371b, the butter-fatamounted to 70,8271b, the milk showed apercentage of 3.6, and produced 191,9731bof cheese, over 85i tons. Each pound ofbutter-fat made 2.711 b of cheese, the milkaveraging 10.231 b to each lib of cheese. Thedirectors report that another good year hasbeen experienced, and the finances areright. The directors recommended the pay-ment of a bonus to shareholders of 3d perlb butter-fat, absorbing £BBS, also a 6 percent, dividend on paid-up capital, equal to£46 10s. The company will also .pay out3d per lb butter-fat for the months ofSeptember, October, and November,amounting to £251.

DEUMMOND.The tenth annual report of the Drum-

mond Dairy Factory Co. states that sup-pliers have been paid approximately Is lOdper lb for their butter-fat, and, after pro-viding for a 5 per cent, dividend on thepaid-up capital, there is still a balance of£lO9 3s 6d available. The directors there-fore propose a further bonus to suppbersof Ad per lb on their butter-fat. Witha view to making the most of the by-products, the directors have decided to putin a whey-skimming plant, and this willbe in operation before the season com-mences. The total intake of the season justfell short of the previous year, but theincoming, year promises a fair increase. Theposition of "dry" shareholders has receivedsome consideration, and: the company hasnow readied a stage when it may be ad-visable for it to avail itself of the powersit has for the resumption of these shares.The directors have decided also that inthe future no milk will be taken in atthe factory unless the supplier is a share-holder.

BOGGY BURN.The eighth annual report of the Boggy

Burn Co-operative Dairy Factory refers tothe fact that the past season was a fairlygood one, although* the quantity of milk re-ceived was slightly lower than the previousseason, being 1,889,5611b. This contained67,8241 bof butter-fat (average test, 3.58),and produced 183,8491 b of cheese, lib ofcheese being manufactured from 10.201 b ofmilk, and 2.711 b of cheese being producedfrom each lb of butter-fat. The paymentduring the season for butter-fat was Is 6d,and an additional payment of Id per lbbutter-fat is recommended by the directorsfor the 1916-17 season, and 2£d for thepresent season, making a total payment dur-ing the year of Is 9£d. With the addi-tion of 6 per cent, dividend £IO6O will boabsorbed, leaving a balance carried forwardof £BB6 Os 3d, which will go towards thepayment oi some necessary Improvements.

KBNNINGTON.The annual report of the Kennington

Dairy Factory states that the output hasonly slightly increased, being about 165tons. The milk purchases totalled some£13,102, while the make of cheese andbutter, plus refund of the butter tax,totalled £19,532, supplies and charges ab-sorbing some £6316. Owing to the diffi-culty of shipping, which means accumulat-ing storage and insurance charges,, and the

! general uncertainty prevailing, the directors' have placed a considerable sum to' reduc-tion of overdraft by the issue of fullypaid-up bonus shares to the extent of £dper lb butter-fat supplied by each, whichwill account for about £271. A cash pay-ment of 3d per lb butter-fat has beenallotted', and a final Id per lb will be dis-tributed when shipments are_ reasonablycomplete. This makes the prioe paid forbutter-fat Is IOAd. The dividend on paid-up capital at 7f per cent, per annum Wasestimated to absorb £IOB, and a balanceof £5 19s 5d was carried forward. Theincreased cost of fuel has induced thedirectors after close examination of the ques-tion to install electricity for power purposesin the factory which is now being done.

BRYDONE.The annual meeting of the shareholders

of the Brydone Dairy Factory Co. tookplace on Friday, 16th August, Mr B. Parker,chairman of directors, presiding. The re-.port, which was adopted, contained thefollowing items:—The output this season(218 tons) is the largest since the factorywas built. The buildings arid plant werefound to be quite inadequate to deal withthe milk coming forward, and a, quantityof it was taken to Edendale. The pricegiven by the Imperial Government, lOd perlb f.0.b., enabled the company to pay outas follows:—Is 9d (already been paid), witha further payment of lid when the cheeseis all shipped. The directors also added toreserve £2/5, and placed £3BO to a suspenseaccount to be used in paying for the ex-tensive alterations and additions now beinggone on with. It has been decided to en-large the factory, and make extensive addi-tions to the plant. The work of enlarge-ment is now going on, and is due for com-pletion in time for the new season. Aspasteurising is now deemed an essential pro-cess for the manufacture of good cheese,your directors are of opinion that such aplant should be installed, and inquiries arebeing made to this end. A new engine hasalso been secured, the one in use beingseverely overtaxed. A dividend at the rateof 5 per cent, on the paid-up capital wasrecommended.

WOOL AND MEAT COMMANDEER.

GOVERNMENT'S ACTION UPHELD.GISBORNE, August 29.

In addition to the 185 woolgrowers inthe Cook and Waikohu Counties, repre-senting the ownership of 800,000 sheep, 51in Waiapu, representing a further 400,000,have signed the letter to the Hon. MrMacDonald stating they have never shownany hostility or opposition to 'the Imperial Iauthorities' proposal to acquire wool for adefinite period after the war, and_ that they jare in entire aocord with the action of the ;Government A meeting of farmers andothers interested, at Gisborne, passed a

resolution by 25 to 13 supporting the move-ment to extend the proposed meat purchaseto make it co-terminous with the wool con- vtract. The dissentients included Mr W. D.Lysiiar.

GROWING TURNIP SEED: ANEXPERIENCE.

TO THE EDITOR.I Sib,—In regard to an article by “ Agri-' cola” in last week’s Witness about growing

: turnips seed, kindly allow me to make a1 few remarks. When I was a farmer’s boy

■ in (Scotland 60 years ago 1 had often heard| it remarked that two varieties or more

1 grown together might produce anything ornothing. Never thinking I would grow tur-nips, I took little notice of it.

A few years after I came to New Zea-land I hadi turnips of my own, so it oc-curred to me to test what I had beentaught in my youth. I will give you myexperience. I had Green-top and Purple-top Yellow Aberdeen and swedes growingin the paddock. I picked out 12 or 15 oithe finest bulbs I could find of each variety,and planted them in the garden. Along-side I had 10 bee hives in front of them.The roots all grew beautiful plump seed.I kept the seed all separate, sowed it nextyear, and every variety grew as pure anddistinct as those I planted, and a good crop;so I think this cross-fertilisation and grow-ing the different varieties half a mile awayis a mistaken idea altogether.

I worked on the same principle for yearswith the same results. I never grew seedfor sale, only about 401 b or 501 b for myown use; but one year I had more thanI required, and sold a few pounds to seve-ral neighbours, and saw the turnips growingjust the same as my own.

__

Lately, in growing such small quantitiesin the garden, the birds became such _apest, and seed being so cheap, I gave itup, but would never hesitate in growing iton the same principle.—-I am, etc..

Mataura, August 30. J. M.“Agricola” replies: “Despite your suc-

cess, which might well, happen in the earlydays, your Scottish friends were rightenough in their surmise. It would havebeen risky at Home, and ordinary care isnecessary here to-day. In the fertilisationof flowering plants what commonly happensis that the pollen of one flower is carriedto the stigma of another, and germina-tion takes place. . Wind is an importantagent, but insects

_

are the most important,and bees, in visiting flowers for nectar(honey), become the unconscious meanswhereby the pollen of one flower is carriedto the stigma of another. Flowers are butrarely susceptible to the pollen of flowersother than those of their own species, butby selecting two plants of the same speciesboth possessing exclusive characters which}t is desired to combine in the same plantbv cross-fertilising them and raising freshplants from the seed, cultivators have beenable to establish new varieties. Turnips,cabbage, rape, kohlrabi, etc., are believedto have descended from one original stockor group, but are all one and the sameplant differently developed by cultivationand by taking advantage of natural‘sports.’ Thus the swede and turnip havethe root abnormally developed!: cabbage,Brussels sprouts, the leaves and leaf stalks {

rape, the stem and leaf; cauliflower andbroccoli, the flower stalks much increased

O T A G 0 WITNESS. September 4, 191812

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in size. If plants can be developed as in-dicated above, so, too, can they rapidlydeteriorate. Swedes, for instance, ifneglected, will revert to the form of thesmooth-leaved summer rape, and the turnipto that of the rough-leavedi summer rape.In the case of rape it is the foliage andnot the root which has been the object ofimprovement, and no one wishes to-dayfor seed from a hybrid turriip rape. Excel-lent seed might and has been saved fromcrops from mixed seed if the parents aregood roots and maturing about the sametime, but no commercial house would buythe output of soed except at a minimumprice."

OUR YORKSHIRE LETTER.HOW THE CROSSBRED HAS DIS-

PLACED THE MERINO.

Fkom Otjb Special Correspondent.BRADFORD, June 27.

It does seem, a calamity in these days ofnational crisis that a certain portion oflabour should be taking up the attitudethat,many are doing, and while the texileindustry hitherto has been fairly free oflabour troubles, there certainly is everyindication of a gathering storm, and unlesswise councils prevail it means that irrepar-able harm can be done to one of the iirstindustries of the United Kingdom. Itseems to the writer that there are four bigtrades which hitherto have largely deter-mined the sound commercial standing ofthis_ country, and for one to be neglectedor its working interfered with in a timelike the present will mean national disaster.The trades are agriculture, engineering,cotton, and woollen, it being the latterwhich at present seems to be in for atroublesome time. Briefly put, the workersin the worsted trade want the same wagesfor working 48 hours as they have beenreceiving for 55£. The Board of Controlhas requested manufacturers to put theirlooms on to 55£ hours instead of 50 hoursweekly, but the operatives turn round andsay in "effect, "We will not work on Satur-day mornings, but demand a 48 hours weekwith 55i hours' pay." The workers saythey do not want and will not work over-time, as few hours and as much pay aspossible seeming to be their goal. A largenumber of persons appear to be utterlyincompetent to understand the critical posi-tion of the country, they fail to realisethat our very existence is hanging in thebalance, and_ instead of patriotically andwillingly doing their bit by meetingnational demands, they are out to do aslittle as possible, and all the time demand-ing as much as ever they can get for it.

THE NEW ZEALAND CLIPPURCHASE

A Wellington cable announces that theImperial Government has decided to pur-chase the New Zealand clips until oneyear after the war at the same price as.was paid fox the last two clips. This an-nouncement is only in harmony withgeneral expectations, consequently no sur-prise has been expressed at what has takenplace. To own the. Australian clip andnot the New Zealand clip would be onlytaking half a loaf, the success of the onebeing contingent on the other. Of course,nobody knows what is being done with theSouth African clip, or what the ImperialGovernment intends to do; but cables be-tween here and South Africa are nowtaking nearly a fortnight for "LOO" mes-sages, and we have reason for saying tnatbuying orders cabled out to the Cape forWool to bo shipped to Boston have beenstopped during the past month. It there-fore looks as if there is something pro-ceeding of which the trade has no know-ledge, and everything indicates negotia-tions. However, wo have to-day to dealwith the New Zealand clip, and a few re-marks regarding the nature of the woolsand their general fitness to supply theWorld's needs cannot be amiss to readersof this issue.

A TRANSFORMED CLIP.There are living to-day old woolmen who

can bear testimony to the radical changewhich has taken place in pastoral condi-tions in New Zealand, and particularly tothe changed character of wool supplies.The clip of the Dominion has changedthoroughly during the past 25 years. To-day only 50,000 merinos are being pas-tured, whereas a quarter of a century ago80 per cent, were merinos. This is all theoutcome of the development of the freez-ing industry, the writer well rememberingthe inception of this great trade. Whenit was first contemplated, the killing ofsheep and bringing them home in coldstorage, was regarded with a good deal ofscepticism, and many cargoes were spoilt.However, scientific knowledge and experi-ence have solved the problem, and beingable to Teduce tho temperature of theholds of ships below freezing point hasbeen the means of completely changing thecharacter of the New Zealand flocks. Weshould say to-day that at least 85 to 90per cent, of the sheep being pastured inNew Zealand are crossbred?. The estab-lishment of big freezing works and produc-

ing a larger-framed sheep, what we calla dual-purpose sheep, growing both amarketable carcase of mutton and a goodcommercial fleece of wool, has brought topastoralists in the Dominion far morewealth than they could possibly havereaped by simply adhering to the rearingof meririosi Of course, pasturage andclimate are both well suited to the breed-ing and rearing of mutton sheep, whereasAustralia seems best' suited for the merinounless ic be the coastal areas of the Com-monwealth. The New Zealand climate ismore like that of England than Australia,or even South Africa, and the flocks ofNew Zealand being to-day very largelycrossbred, are destined to remain so to theend of all time.

NEW ZEALAND WOOLS.We have not the figures at hand show-

ing the percentages of tho different breedscomprising the million sheep which arebeing pastured in the Dominion, to lookat the wools from the standpoint of thebuyer and user, New Zealand turning outqualities all the way from 36s to 64's. Wesnould say that in this respect they .eclipsethe wools of Australia, and while the latteris producing some very good crossbreds,they are largely troubled with burr, wnichmakes the crossbreds of New Zealand farmore acceptable to buyers. At one timeLincolns and Leicesters were- the twoclasses of English-bred sheep used in mak-ing the merino into a crossorfcd, the writerwell remembering the battle royal whichwas waged 20 to 30 years ago betweenuieso two English breeds of sheep. Onenever hears much to-day upon this sub-ject, the Romney Marsh or Kent breed ofsheep occupying at the present time themost prominent position in New Zealand.This breed is most largely used, the re-sultant cross producing what many thinkis an ideal freezer, while undoubtedly theRomney is responsible for producing thelarge quantity of medium crossbred woolwhich is one of the outstanding featuresof the-New Zealand clip. Possibly Romneybreeders of stud sheep have been a littlemore energetic than those breeding Lincolnsana Leicesters; but it can be safely saidthat the production of crossbreds has gotwell beyond the experimental stage, andthere are loyal breeders and upholders of

thrje noted English sheep through-out the Dominion. Then Down stud she-3pare also being largely used, the introduc-tion of this sheep no doubt facilitatingquicker maturing; but in tho opinion ofthe writer, where a dual-purpose sheep iswanted—namely, a good freezer and _ asound fleece of wool,—the best Englishbreeds to be used in the flocks of theDominion are the English Lincoln, Leices-ter, and Romney.

Everybody knows that good halfbredwool, say 50's to 56's quality, has been adiminishing quantity in the flocks of NewZealand, due, of course, to the rapidilydisappearing merino. A sheep of the nameof the Corriedale. has come to the frontduring the past 10 years, it being theopinion of the writer that this new breedof sheep, which, of course, is a "manu-factured" type, and for which fixity ofcharacteristics is now claimed, will be thesheep in the future to supply the manufac-turing world with good halfbred wool.We are not here concerned as to how thisbreed has been made. The writer hasseen for years that, with the disappearanceof the halfbred, the Corriedale is going tobe the sheep to supply spinners and manu-facturers with 50's to 56's quality wool,it being a remarkable fact that the woolbuyer does not care upon what sheep thefleece is grown providing the wool beforehim is the quality he wants. If the Corrie-dale produces a satisfactory carcase, thenit certainly deserves to be put among thedual-purpose sheep, which has certainlybrought great wealth to the pastoralists ofNew Zealand, and there is room for thisbreed of sheep because of the class of woolthat it is growing._ It is of good, usefullength, and sound in staple, which makesthe wool very acceptable to topmakers,spinners, and manufacturers. Let New Zea-land pastoralists, and others, too, look wellto their flocks, because mutton and woolare to-day, and in the future will be, veryvaluable products indeed.

NEW ZEALAND MEAT IN STOREIMPERIAL PAYMENTS.

WELLINGTON, August 27.The following cablegram from Sir J. G.

Ward, London, has been received by theActing Minister of Finance:—"The Treasuryhas agreed to pay 75 per cent, of all meatafter three months in store, removing therestriction on 80,000 tons measurement orany other quantity."

The above information will be receivedwith much satisfaction, not only by theowners of meat in store, but by the com-munity generally, as it will considerablyrelieve the financial position, owing to thelarge quantity of meat accumulated as theresult of shortage of shipping.

THE BREADSTUFFS AND PRO-PRODUCE MARKETS

Friday eveningThe removal of the Australian surplus

wheat overseas is reported to be as far off asever. Tonnage shows no signs of improve-ment for commercial purposes, while anequally important factor is the home supplyof wheat in the Allied importing countries.Crops in France, Italy, and the United King-dom are promising, and in most instancesthe area under grain has been largely in-creased, with the result that importation thisseason may not be necessary, except intoGreat Britain on a reduced scale. Canadaand the United. States can fill all demands,and Argentina holds large stocks awaitingshipment.

Eastern demands for Australian flour haveexceeded expectations. Orders are beingreceived almost daily, and large quantitieshave been sold in that direction in theaggregate. In some quarters', shippers areunable to cope with the demand, as gristingon account of the Imperial Government isengaging most of their attention.

Offerings of wheat to the local market con-tinue light, only two or three small linescoming in from Central Otago. Millers havetaken delivery of their allotments of Aus-tralian wheat, but they are • not too wellpleased with its quality, and complaints arealso general about the sacks. These are invery bad condition, being weatnered and torn,as might, however, only be expected, seeingthe time they have stood) in stacks, moreor less unprotected from the weather. AsNew Zealand merchants when shipping toAustralia always use first-quality sacks, theynaturally feel that Australian shippers shouldsend a similar quality of sacks with theirimports to the dominion.

Fowl wheat is in good demand, and isrealising up to 7s per bushel to consumers.

Flour (200's) is quoted at £ls 10s -a ton.Oatmeal, £29 a ton for 25's. Pearl barley,£24. Bran, £6 10s (fixed by Government).Pollard, £8 10s (fixed by Government).

Milling wheat, according to Governmentprice. South Island—August, 6s OJd, f.o.b.(plus Id brokerage and Jd Governmentcharge).

Few oats are on offer, and with theexception of small lots coming in from OtagoCentral, no other sources of supply appear tobe available in either Otago or Southland.There are still strong inquiries from millersand shippers for all lines offering, and salesare being made up to 5s 3d, sacks extra,ex store, for heavy Gartons. Stocks in storeare now getting into small compass.

The demand for seed lines is keen, andmerchants find it difficult to secure suitablelines for • growers, to whom the price hasnow advanced to 5s 9d per bushel, sacksextra. In a number of districts, however,farmers have held stacks of oats, and arenow supplying/their fellow farmers at pricesa- little below those named.

PRODUCE REPORT.There has been a strong shipping demand

for chaff for the past week, and sales havebeen reported at £lO, f.0.b., s.i. The localmarket, however, has not responded, therebeing plenty of chaff which may be unsuit-able for shipping, but which is of good feedquality, and this has kept local feeders wellsupplied. . The local quotations for goodquality are £7 10s to £7 15s per ton, sacksextra.

During the week two steamers from Mel-bourne have brought about 100 tons ofAustralian potatoes. The quality of theseis not so good asy local-grown, but the arrivalshave caused a weakening locally. Merchantswho imported are prepared to sell at £lOa ton, and although this is' £2 per ton underthe price being realised for sound locally-grown, it is reported that the imported tubersare not meeting with too ready a sale atthe price quoted.- «

The demand for both wheaten and oatenstraw is quiet.

Consignments of eggs are coming forwardvery freely, but sales are not difficult toeffect, as some of the bakers are now pre-serving.

Parcels of brown Spanish onions grown inNew Zealand, and about 500 to 600 bags ofMelbourne grown have just come forward.As a result, the market has weakened.

Dairy and milled butter is in very shortsupply, and stocks in merchants' hands arepractically exhausted. Those bakers who arenot holding stocks' in the freezer are facedwith the prospect of having to use factorybutter.

There was a medium yarding of pigs atBurnside on Wednesday. A keen demandwas experienced,..and the yarding was clearedat prices equal to last week's rates. Bestbaconers made from lOd up to lOfd per lb,and best porkers from 9Jd up to 10|d per lb.

Current wholesale prices%are as follow:

Fowl Wheat.—New Zealand-grown, 6s 4d to6s 6d; higher for special quality.

Chaff.—Prime oaten sheaf, £7 10s to £7 15s(sacks extra); medium to good, £5 to £6 10s.

Oaten straw, £2; wheaten, £1 15s.Potatoes, to £l2 per ton (sacks in), for

nortuem-grown; southern-grown, none offer-ing.

Eggs.—Stamped, plain, Is 3d; stamped, Is4d.

Onions.—Canterbury, 30s.Butter.—Milled bulk, Is 2d to Is 4d per lb;

second quality, Is Id; dairy separator, in libpackages, to Is 3d.

Honey, 9d to lOd per lb.Pigs.—Baconers, -9id to 10£d per lb;

porkers, 91d to IOJd.Bacon.—Rolls (local), Is Sd; Christchurch

rolls, la 3d; sides, Is- 2d; haras. Is 3d; hamrolls, Is 4d.

FRUIT REPORT.' Business has been well maintained in thefruit marts during the week. Heavy sup-plies of fruit have come forward., between400 and 500 cases of apples arriving fromNelson by the Oorinna. These met witha ready sale. A fair supply of cookingapples has aJso arrived from Canterburycool stores, and met a good demand. Severalsmall lots of pears have also come forward.

Advice has been received from Hobart thatfirst-class apples for export are unobtainablethere.

The vegetable market has been over-stockedwith cauliflowers. Soma hundreds of sacksare arriving on the markets daily, but theconsignments will soon be exhausted, asthe vegetables have all reached maturitytogether. Housewives would therefore bewell advised to take advantage of the presentglut.

Current wholesale values are as follow:Apples.—Dessert, Choice Delicious, to 16s;

choice Stunners, to 12s 9d; best desserts, 10sto 10s 6d; others, 6s 6d to Bs. Cookers, 7s6d to 9s 6d for best; medium, 5s 6d to 6s;inferior, 3s to 4s; Lord Wolseloy, 10s to 10s6d.

Pears.—Winter Coles, half-cases, to 6s;Winter Nelis, 3d to 3Jd; cooking, 2d to2id per lb.

Lemons. —Adelaides, to 20s 6d per case;Milduras, 17s 6d; 'Frisco, 455.

Poorman oranges: To arrive early nextweek.

Bananas.—Green, 15s to 17s 6d.Mandarins—Prime, to 21s 6d.Passions, 143 to 17s 6d per box.Pines, 15s to 21s 6d.

Oranges.—lsland repacks, to 255; Sydney,9s 6d to 18s, according to quality; Adelaide,Navels, 22s to 24s 6d.

Walnuts, to Is 6d per lb for choice; others,Is 2d to Is 3d.

Potatoes, in small lots, lis per cwt forchoice.

Cabbages.—Choice, up to 4s per dozen; 4sto 5s per sack; extra prime Canterbury-grown, to 7s; good, 3s 6d to ss; inferior, Is6d to 2s 6d per sack. Cauliflowers: Choice,up to 5s 6d per sack; good, 3s to 4s;medium Is 6d to 2s. Parsnips, 3s to 4s per.cental bag; sacks, to 7s. Carrots, 3s to 4sper cental bag. Brussels sprouts, 7a per box.

Swedes.—Sacks, 3s; bags, Is 6d to 2s Bd.Celery.—Choice, to Is 8d per bunch}

medium, to 6d.Spinach, 8d to Is per dozen.

MERCHANDISE MARKET.Shipments of Laurel kerosene and Big Tree

benzine have come forward during the week.A parcel of Havelock tobacco came to hand

by the Westralia, and reached a very baremarket.

Holbrook's sauce is again on the market.tinned fruits are getting into small com-

pass, and the new season's arrivals will haveto bear a much increased cost. Local stocksare quoted at 17s to 18s per dozen.

The British Empire Tobacco Company hasadvised distributors of a further increase of5s per 1000 in the price of its cigarettes.

Indian lentils show a sharp increase inprice.

A large shipment of Horlick's malted milk,which has just come to hand, shows an in-creased cost. To-day's wholesale quotation is40s per dozen tins. >

A shipment of Akaroa walnuts has justbeen landed. The price is Is 3d to Is 3Jdper lb.

Tartaric acid is now quoted at 4s 8d to4s 9d per lb, and citrio acid at ss. Bothcommodities are in rather short supply.

Camphor is quoted at 8s per lb.A shipment of Carton dates has arrived,

being transhipped at Syd/ney.It was stated recently that shipments of

salmon from the United States this seasonwere likely to be very limited, the Govern-ment keeping a very firm hand on the ex-portation of all foodstuffs required either forthe armies of the Allies or for home consump-tion. As Australia will have to rely mainlyon exports of this tinned fish from Canada(says the Melbourne Herald), the priceswhich have been issued by the British Colum-bia Packers' Association are of interest.These prices are: —Red Sockeye, lib flats 7lssd, Jib fiats 76s"fid a case; Co-hoes-, lib tails56s 6d, lib flats 58s 6d, Jib flats 63s 8d a case.Pinks, lib tails 4Ss 6d, lib flats 44s 7d, Jibflats 50s 9d a case; Chums, lib tails 86s, Jibflats 41s 2d a case. These prices, comparedwith those for last season, show an increaseof from 3s 3d to 16s 8d a case.

COMMERCIAL CABLEGRAMS.LONDON, August 29.

Copper, £122 ss; Electrolytic, -£135.Lead: Spot, £29 10s; three months, £26 10s.Spelter: Spot, £54 ; three months, £SO.Tin, £361 10s.Silver, 49Jd per oz.

August 30.Bank of England returns: Gold coin and

bullion in hand, £68,886,000; reserve,'£30,382,000; proportion of reserve to lia-bilities, 17.76 per cent.; notes in circulation,£57,613,000; Government deposits, £34,918,000;other deposits, £136,110,000; Government se-curities, £59,454,000; other securities,'£99,253,000.

Discount on short loans, 3£ per cent.;three months' bills, 8J per cent.

Consols: £57. War loans: 3J per cent;£BB 15s; 4 per cent, £35.

Quotations for colonial stocks, as comparedwith those for the previous week:

Aug. 23. Aug. 30.Victorian 4's 98 98Victorian 3i's 72J 723Victorian 3J's * • BRJ 89Victorian 3's

... .....-. G4| 64J

New South Wales 4's ... 86J 86iNew South Wales 3i's (ex div.) 99* 99iNew South Wales Si's t 70J 70JQueensland 4's 93 93$Queensland 3i's fill ' 94iQueensland 3's 64j} 64JNew Zealand 4's 90 90JNew Zealand 3J's 75| 75gNew Zealand 3's 67 67JSouth Australian 3J's 74| 742South Australian 3's 69 59|Tasmanian Bi's 74J 74£Tasmanian 3's 66 66West Australian 3£'s 77J '7BWest Australian 3's 73J 73J

• 1921-6 currency. t 1920-30 currency.

Butter and cheese: Unchanged.Wheat: Quiet. A few sales of parcels of

Australian on passage were made at 79s 6d.There is nothing doing in spot lots.

Flour: Quiet. Small allocations weremiode of oversea lots at late rates.

Oats: Imported, unchanged.Peas and beans: Steadier, New Zealand

and Tasmanian white peas, 60s to 60s.Sugar: Unchanged.

September 1.Hemp is in fair request.Rubber: Para, 3s 9Jd; plantation, 2s s§d;

smoked, 2s 4Jd.

DT7WKDIN MAKrTETS.FASH AND DAIBT PRODUCT.

Mr B. «J. M'Abthus (successor to MusrsM'llroy Bros), George street, reports psyins;for produc* during th* week ending U»«

3rd inst., as follows :

St»r»ped tre*h Kgg» I Honey (J lb pst). 5/-1/4 do* Honey (bulk), 9d lb

Salt Butter, 1/2 lb | Honey (section), 7/6 do»Sep. Butter. 1/3lb 1 Honey (Csrtoai). lib, 6/-Prime Sep. Butter | 21b, 16/- dos

wanted, 1/ i lb j Beeiwsx, 2/.Bacon Pig?, Kid lb |

Compressed yeast, 9d packet.>

THE OAMARU MARKETS.(From Our Own Correspondent.)

OAMARU, August 31.The grain market has narrowly escaped

drawing a blank this week, and it is nowevident that stocks of both wheat and oatshave passed out of growers' hands. Only afew small lots of wheat have come forward,and of oats not a solitary offering has beenmade.

A good deal of cowgrass seed has beencoming forward, and a considerable quantityhas passed into the hands of merchants.The quantity offering exceeds anything seen,for many years, and the quality is pronouncedexcellent, being taken as a whole the bestever produced here. Sales have been madeat Is 6d and Is 7d net, at country stations.

The potato market has hardened furtherduring the week, but offerings from thecountry continue irregular and in small lots.Good table Up-to-Dates have been dealt inat £9 per ton, net, at country stations, and£9 10s, net, delivered in Oamaru.

SOUTHLAND MARKETS.(Frou Our Own Correspondent.)

INVERCARGILL, August 3;The oat market continues decidedly Arm at

5s 6d per bushel, sacks in, for A grade Gar-tons, and various sales are reported at thisfigure and the equivalent thereof for lower

September 4, 1918 OTAGO WITNESS 13

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145 '

Tha Cough Remedy that ha»stood the tost of time ,

grades. A fair quantity of oats has alsobeen turned over for local consumption tolarge users, such as sawmillers, etc. Prac-tically nothing is offering from the country,any lines that have been available beingpioked up at about 4s 8d on trucks, depending!on quality.

There is a fair inquiry for chaff fromnorthern quarters, but as shipping cannot beobtained no business has resulted. The localdemand is strong, and for prime quality

• merchants are offering £6 5s on trucks Asthe eupply hardly equals the demand, and asfarmers are busy with ploughing operationsto get in their grain crops, this condition islikely to" hold for eome time.

There is some demand for ryecorn, by calf-food makers in particular, «.nd for extra goodquality up to 5s 8d has been paid on trucks

- ftt Invercargill.There is a strong looal demand for ryegrass

for spring sowing, and as inquiries- are con-stantly coming forward from the NorthIsland the market has a somewhat firmingtendency. To northern merohants the priceswork out on tho basis of Cs for 2Slb to 291 bseed), f.0.b., sacks extra.

Owing to the lack of shipping facilities andtho downward trend of oricee for hemp illthe North Island, high fair to-day is woTthnominally only £34 on trucks, low fair 638.At theeo prices neither merchant*; nor millersKre wi.lij'ng to operate. During the weok aspace allotment has been made at BluS. This,however, does not exceed 8 per cent, of thequantity in Bluff stores. Owing to the littlepusine*s doing recently millers are now offer-ing fairly co)igid*ra>.lo quantities of tow, withthe oomsequvsciso tltat there ie a downwardtendenoy, and eocond grade is now worthonly £5 10s on trucks, and third grade only34 100.

GRAIN AND PRODUCE SALES.Moesrs Donald Beid and Co. report: —Oats:

Prinra milling and dean seed lines still com-

mand strong inquiry. Medium to good fe-ectlines are also in keen demand. Consignmentsare not coming forward freely, and all samplesoffering are readily dealt with at satisfactoryprices. Prime milling, 5s 2d to 5s 3d; goodto best feed, 4s lid to 5s Id; inferior tomedium, 4s 6d to 4e lOd per bushel, sacksextra. Wheat: All sorts are scarce, and meetwith ready sale. Potatoes: Consignmentshave not been coming forward so freely, andmore attention has been given to lots jr.store. These are not generally of tho bestquality, and in, some cases show signs o,growth. A shipment of Australian potatoes,arrived during tho week. The quality is no.equal to our best locally grown, but will havethe effect of retarding the sale of ourmedium quality. Best table potatoes, £ll10a to £l2; medium to good, £9 lCs to £11;others, £7 10s to £9 per ton, sacks included.Chaff: The marketcontinues firm, with stronginquiry for prime oaten sheaf, both fromlocal buyers and shippers. Fair supplies arecorning forward, and iu the case of primequality are being readily quitted ex truck.Medium quality, although not in such generaldemand, meets with fair inquiry. Best oatensheaf, £7 5s to £7 10b; choice to £7 15s;medium to good, £6 10s to £7; light and dis-coloured, £5 10s to £6 per ton, bags extra.

Messrs DRlgety and Co. report:—Oats: j-iioquantity offering of late has been small.There is a strong demand for all grades, andstocks in store are fast becoming. depleted.Millers are ready purchasers of suitablesamples at prices above shippers' limits.Seed varieties have been in denuand duringtho past week. Medium quality and lightlines are more readily quitted for looal feedrequirements. Prime milling, os 2d to 6s 8d;good t;> best feed, 4s lid to 5s Id; mediumto good, 4s 9d to 4s lid per bushel, sacksextra. Wheat: Very little offering. Allsamples in milling condition are readily takenby millers at maximum Government rates.Fowl wheat is in very short supply, and ifl

readily quitted on arrival at full rates. Pota-toes: Only moderate supplies have been com-ing to hand of late from Canterbury andnorthern districts. The market is somewhatsteadier, due to the arrival of a quantityof Australian tubers, which are being 1 sold atlower values than New Zealand grown. Choicequality are in most demand, and for .theselate x-atos are maintained. Choice well-gradedlines of seed, tree from disease, have moreinquiry. Best tables, £ll 10s to £l2; mediumto good), £lO to £ll per ton, sacks in. Chaff:Consignments of late have not been heavy,

nd all good brig]it heavy oaten sheaf iscadily placed on arrival at quotations, there

being a good shipping demand for lines ofthis description, in addition to local feeders'requirements. Medium quality and lowergrades have been moving off more freely.Choice quality, to £7 15s; good oaten sheaf,

£7 6s to £7 10s; medium to good, £6 10s to£7 per ton, sacks extra.

EABBITSKIN SALE..The New Zealand Loan Company, Stronach,

Morris, and Co., Wright, Stephenson, andCo., National Mortgage and Agency Com-pany, Dalgety and Co., Otago Farmers' Co-operative Association, and Donald Reidl andCo. repoit having held their usual "sale onthe 26th, when large catalogues were sub-mitted to a representative gathering of buyers.Competition was less keen than at the pre-vious sale, prices showing an all-round dropof 8d per lb. The following are the top pricessecured in their respective classes:—Babbit-skins: "Winter does, 66Jd; first winter bucks,45Jd; second winter docs, 48fd; second! winterbucks, 41d; winter, 40d; oiitgoing, 35*d; in-coming, 38£d; autumn, 37Jd; E. autumn,34|d; racks, 271 d; light racks, 25d; runnersand suckers, 15d; broken, 21Jd; milky, 15|d ; ■spring, 31Jd; first winter black, 79d; secondwinter black, 71d; incoming black, GOd; out-going black, 47d; fawn, 44d. Hareskins, 16d;horsehair, 143d; gutted, 24d; catskins, 19Jd;ferrets, 2s Bd.

EABBITSKIN MARKET.Messrs Younghusband, Bow, and! Co., Mel-

bourne, report under date August 15 on theprices of rabbitskins. The priced items ofinterest to Dunedin firms are as follow:Picked winters (no heads). Sod to S6d perlb; first winters (no heads), 22d to 25d;first incoming (no heads), 19d to 21d; seconcjincoming (no heads), 14d to 16d; racks (noheads), 8d to 9d; does-, lOd to lid; kittens,6d to 6d.

OTAGO FARMERS' HORSE BAZAAR.The Otago Farmers' Co-operative Associa-

tion reports:—"We held our horse sale onSaturday. The entry was rather small, only80 horses coming forward, comprising 10 use-

ful geldings, young and sound, and! the bal-ance light-weight plough sorts and springcarters. The former met with fair competi-tion, the highest price realised being for agood class gelding- from Waimea Plains, £33.The balance of this consignment went atcorresponding values. Spring-carters werenot in much demand, ai» old and donehorses, either light or heavy,, wore almostunsaleable except at a price which may pro-bably show a small margin of profit _toregenerate for export purposes. Our springsale will bo held on Friday, September 6.Quotations: —Young, sound, sharp, cliftygeldings, £25 to £3O; extra heavy horses, £26to £35; seven-year-old and over mares andgeldings, £l3 to £2O; and what is usually-termed aged, £lO to £l2; vanners and Bpring-carters, £l4 to £2O; light sorts of harnesshorses, at fluctuating prices.

•PROPERTY SALE.Messrs Park, Reynolds (Ltd.) offered at

auction on the 231 h parts of allotments 52 and651b, Sunnyside, Roslyn, with -buildingsthereon. There was a large attendance.Bidding was spirited, commencing at £SOO and)rising rapidly to £BOO, at which price theproperty was sold to Mr William Taylor.

ALLEGED LIBELM.P. AS PLAINTIFF.

NAPIER, August 29,A great deal of interest was taken to-day

in a libel action in the Supreme Courts—J. V. Brown, M.P. (for whom Sir JohnFindlay appeared) against G. W. Venableaand E. Mulvannah, for alleged libel. Thelatter were represented by Mr C. P.Skerrctt, K.C.

The statement of claim by the plaintiffwas as follows:—(1) On the 9th day of May,1918, at Napier and elsewhere in the do-minion of New Zealand, the defendantspublished in a newspaper called the Hawke'sBay Observer the following words concern-ing the plaintiff—" What wo have pointedout we unhesitatingly state is a mean anddespicable piece of dirty work from ourpoint of view. John Vigor Brown, M.P.,has proved himself to bo a usurper, pre-varicator, and publicans' representative inParliament, discredited as such both in thepeople's Parliament and out_ of _ it. Theproof is all the more conclusive inasmuch,that it comes from his own mouth in Par-liament"; (2) the publication was false andmalicious; (3) therefore the plaintiff prays:fa) the sum of £5Ol as damages; (b) suchfurther and other relief as to this honour-able courts shall seem meet j" (c) the costs o£this action.

The defence pleaded fair comment.The plaintiff was an unsuccessful candi-

date for the mayoralty at the last election.Mulvannah is a borough councillor and theproprietor of a small weekly paper (theObserver), and Venablos is the printer puib-lishing the paper.

The witnesses called to-day included thetown clerk (M.' Murray), the secretary ofthe Patriotic Society (R. D. Anderson), theplaintiff, the present Mayor (H. Hill), andthe group commander (Major Ringland).The evidence dealt with the finances andmethods of tho Napier Patriotic Societyand its relation to the Mayor and council-lors. The plaintiff was severely cross-examined by Mr Skerrett on his speeches inParliament, his attitude to the Germans inthem, and his general relation. to move-ments in the town.

NAPIER, August 30.The hearing of the libel action Brown v.

Mulvannah and Venablos was continued to-day. Tlie -witnesses included A. E. Jull(chairman of the Harbour Board), theMayo*(IF. Hill), -who was recalled, and the High,School Board's solicitor and secretary.

The jury was unable to agree upon averdict after four hours' retirement, and amajority verdict could not be arrived at.

Mr Skerrett, for the defendants, wasgranted leave to apply for a nonsuit, andSir John Findlay, for the plaintiff, askedfor a new trial. Mr Justice Chapman saidthat leave for tho latter -was unnecessary.

Tho libel action was the seqwlto the publication of the followingwords in the defendants' newspaper:—-" What we have pointed out we unhesi-tatingly state is a mean and despicablepiece of dirty work. From one point ofview John Vigor Brown. M.P., has provedhimself to be a usurper, a prevaricator, anda public representative in Parliament dis-credited as such both in the people's _ Par-liament and out of it. The proof is allthe more conclusive inasmuch that it comesfrom his own mouth in Parliament. Inour issue of Friday the plaintiff was in-advertently referred to as a publicans' repre-sentative in Parliament.

PATRIOTIC CONCERT.A patriotic concert was given in the

Grand Picture Theatre on Saturday nightunder the auspices of the New ZealandCatholic Federation, in aid of the CatholicField Service Fund (Tauherenikau InstituteFund). The holding capacity of the build-ing was taxed to its utmost limits, bothupstairs and downstairs. The programmepresented was varied and attractive, thefrequency of the encores being evidencethat the efforts of the performers wereappreciated.

14 OTA GO WITNESS. September 4, 1918

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calls to-day to every voter in NewZealand. It asks him to sign theAlliance Petition demanding a poll on thequestion of prohibition. And surely no one whohas the welfare of the children at heart can refuseto cast his vote in favour of the abolition of the Drink Traffic.

Face the facts—think of those knownto you who have fallen by the waysidethrough drink. Life will hold enoughpitfalls and stumbling blocks for the children withoutretaining the greatest of all—the Drink Traffic.Inarticulately the children cry to you "Lead us notinto temptation." Do not ignore that cry; Respond to theirappeal and banish from their path the Drink Traffic with itsheavy toll on all that is best in human life.

For the Sake of the Children, Sign the

Do Your Part—SlGN TO-DAY JK.Z.A. Efficiency Series—6

-7 -'■•;''"'

l

«■■' i a

INTERESTING TO FARMERS.Many dairymen persist in the old idea

of feeding th« weaned calves on skim milk,•whey, or some home-mado mixture. To doso means the loss of pounds of profit thatmight be theirs. The calf needs fat if heis to thrive end bccomo a profitable ani-mal—but skim milk lacks this very, .de-ment. Whey, too, has only 2 per cent,food solids, and these are unsuitable togrowing calves. Try "CEREMILK"thousands of N.Z. dairy farmers haveproved it to be the best and most eco-nomical calf food. Its freshness and bigpercentage of fat ensure healthy growth.Mr E. Collins, of Ota Creek, Edendale,■writes: "I reared 18 calves this season on'CEREMII/K,' and everyone of them hasthrived splendidly. All my neighboursspeak very highly of your food." Try''CEREMLLK ' —at all stores and factories.Di?trib\itors t Fleming 1 and Co. (Ltd.), Gore.Advt.

ROBUST HEALTH FOR, ALL.

WHY WEAK, AILING MEN" ANDWOMEN SHOULD TAKE PHOS-PHATE WITH THEIR MEALS.

Life to the man or woman who is weak,nervous, run-down, and constantly aiiingis a mockery. Nothing can adequatelycompensate for the loss of health andstrength, and to Eecuro robust, glowinghealth and an abundance of_ vigour andvitality there is nothing an jailing nan oxwoman would withhold. It is claimed thata broken-down constitution can be .recon-structed, that weak nerves can be madestrong and that the dejected, debilitated,and run-down can be made bright, vigor-ous, and well once more simply by follow-ing a short and quite . inexpensive courseof treatment, consisting of a Sgr Bitro-phospliate tablet taken with meals threetimes daily. Knowing this, surely no onewill be content to remain weak and ill,for the Bitro-phosphate tablets are obtain-able at small cost, of high-class chemistseverywhere. Thus the treatment is withinthe easy reach of everyone who has needof it, and in view of the remarkable re-sults already reported by users we ventureto think that many of our readers will beanxious to give Bitro-phosphate a triaL

59

THE GREAT WAR.ALLIED PROGRESS CONTINUES.

BAPAUME AND PERONNE RECAPTURED.

THE HINDENBURG LINE PIERCED.

128,000 PRISONERS AND 2069 GUNS CAPTUKED.

WORK OF OUR MARVELLOUS SOLDIERS.

(By Cable.)

Early on the 2nd the Canadians attacked and broke through thestrong Orocourt-Queant line, despite most stubborn resistance.The tanks played-a most important part in the attack. TheCanadians penetrated Dury. Large numbers of prisoners fromsewn divisions have been captured.

Between July 16 and August 31prisoners, 2069 guns, 13,700throwers.

the Allies have captured 128,000machine guns, and 1734 mine

ENCOURAGING NEWS.The Allied advance has been continued \

Sith satisfactory results so far. British, ;anadian, Australian, and New Zealandforces have all played their part with great \

gallantry and distinction, while the Frenchave been as valiant as ever. The Ameri- i

cans aro being formed into a separate army <and are therefore not taking so prominenta part in the present offensive, but it isanticipated they will be heard of shortly.During the week the battla front was ex- >tended to 56 miles, the British and Over-seas fighting over three-fourths the dis-tance, from Vimy Ridge to Chauines, wherethey join General Debeney's French army.

The British advance during the week hasbeen rapid, many villages and several im-

firtant towns, such as Bapaume anderonne, falling into their hands. The •

fighting in many places was of the fiercestcharacter, many hand-to-hand encounters

S';th bayonets and grenades taking place,orval and Bullecourt were captured and

the< *üburbs of Lens reached. The Hinden-burg line has been broken. The Germanshave had to send reserves from Douai andOambrai in an effort to stem the Britishadvance. Tho pressure has compelled themto retreat in the Lys salient betweenYlpresand La Basse.

The latest news is most encouraging.With Peronne captured, we are pressing thefcnemy rearguards. Fires eastward of Lensindicate that the enemy is destroying storespreparatory to evacuating the town. Thereare also fires eastward of Armentieres, indi-cating that the enemy is contemplating re-tirement on a large scale in this sector;Our patrols have pushed forward in- thedirection of Lens.

South of the Scarpe we have reachedthe western edge of Hamblain, capturingBullecourt and Morval.

The French have continued to press for-%viard, but aro meeting with strong resist-ance, and their advance has therefore sloweddown somewhat. They have recapturedNoyon and many towns and villages.General Mangin, after a great fight,reached Crecy au Mont, eight_ miles northof Soissons, near the Ailette which they havecrossed. The first French Army has takenRouv-le-Petit; also Oampagne, northwardof Noyon. General Mangain's army, operat-ing between the Aisne and the Ailette, hascaptured the villages of Leury, Coucy, andThierny,' and reached the western edge ofOresy. ITwo thousand prisoners were capturedon Sunday on the whole front. Small localoperations show that only strong rearguardsare holding the German lines. j

The British advance on both sides of the jScarpe is a serious, threat. As we are al-ready almost in contact with Hindenburg'sDrocourt-Queant switch, it is clear that theenemv cannot allow us to advance muchfurther in this quarter without endangeringhis whole plan 5 hence his determined re- iBistance there. . The German resistance jvaries greatly in different parts of the battle- ifield. Although _ some divisions fought withthe old determination, others surrenderedyory freely.

SIR DOUGLAS HAIG'SREPORTS.

Tho reports of Sir Douglas Haig for thepast week are to the following effect:

Our kooD3 at 3 a.m. on tho 24th at-tacked in the Scarpe sector, and good pro- |

gress is reported. On the southern battle-front, by a, successful operation carriedout on Sunday, we progressed in the direc-tion of Maricourt. The enemy on theEvening of the 25th launched strongfcounter-atfcacks southward and northwardof Bapaume, also In the neighbourhood ofEaucourt-L'Abbayo, and Favreuil, these at-tacks being repulsed. Northwards ofFavreuil Ave met the enemy with thebayonet, inflicting heavy casualties andtaking prisoners. _ Another counter-attacklater in tho evening in tho neighbourhoodof Favreuil also proved unsuccessful. Fav- jjeuil is in our hands, and we made pro- :

f;ress beyond the village. Heavy rain Isailing along the battle-front.Hostile opposition increased on the 25th

with the arrival of German reinforcements.Many German counter-attacks were broken,Vvith loss under our fire. Our troops, de-spite these counter-attacks, fought their,way forward with great gallantry, and,overcoming the resistance, further pro-gressed, taking many prisoners. On theftorthern bank of tho Sommo the Aus-ralians, by a successful attack early in(he morning, carried the enemy's position j

On the high ground eastward of Bray, |while on their left the London and EastCounty Divisions continued their advancem the direction of Carnoy, and have takenMametz. The Welsh captured MametzWood. In the osntre- of our attack wecrossed the Albort-Bapaume road along its j

whole length southward of Bapaume, and !captured Martinpuich, Le Sars, and LoBarque. Northward of Bapaume severefighting occurred at Favreuil, and aboutMory and Croisilles.

At 3 o'clock on Sunday morning theCanadians, Scottish, and Londoners at-tacked on both sides of the Scarpe, fromOroisilles to the neighbourhood of Cavrelle.On the south bank of the Scarpe the Cana-dians attacked gallantly, passed throughthe enemy's foremost defences, and cap-tured Orange Hill in their first rush. TheCanadians, despite rainstorms, soon reachedWancourt and Monchy-10-Preux, capturingboth places and progressing beyond them.North of the Scarpe the Scots capturedthe first German defences south of Gav-relle, and reached the outskirts of RoeuxThey also captured tho chemical worksnorth of Roeux. The Scots and the Lon-doners completed the capture of the highground between Croisilles and Heninel,taking many prisoners. In the battlefieldfurther south our advance continued onboth banks of the Somme. The Australianstook Cappy. Northward of tho Sommethey captured Suzanne. Further north theEnglish advanced in the direction of Mon-tauban, and the Welsh captured Bazentin-lo-Grand. Our pressure everywhere hasbeen maintained, and our line has beenadvanced in certain sectors.

Ther9 was severe fighting on Mondayafternoon between Maricourt and Ba-paume j also north of that town. Theenemy counter-attacked repeatedly instrength, incurring great losses from ourfire, but he was unable to arrest our pro-gress. English and Welsh troops pusnedthrough Montauban and along the orest cfthe ridge, capturing the high ground andreaching Longueval. Here a heavy coun-ter-attack at 6.30 in the evening forced usback towards Bazentin-le-Grand and HighWood. On this line Ave broke up theenemy's attack, and, again advancing,established ourselves well eastward of HighWood Early in the night the enemycounter-attacked for the second time, andwas driven off

<

by our rifle fire beforereaching our positions. Northward of HighWood the enemy twice counter-attacked in.the neighbourhood of Ligny-Thilloy (southof Bapaume), pressing back our advancedtroops some 400 or 500 yards. His infantrywere then stopped, and driven• back. TheNew Zealanders after fierce fighting, estab-lished themselves or* tho northern outskirtsof Bapaume, and the British further northmade progress towards Beugnatre. Wehad hard fighting about Croisilles. On theright of the battle-front the Australianscontinued to advance astride the Somme,and substantially progressed towards Dom-pierre (south of the Somme at Frise, andsix miles from Peronne), and eastward ofSuzanne. On the left of the battle-frontthe Canadians in the afternoon captureda ridg« eastward of Wancourt, and estab-lished themselves eastward of Guemappe.Northward of the Scarpe the Scottish,_ re-newing their attack at night, substantiallyprogressed towards Plouvain. Our prisonerssince the morning of August 21 exceed21,000. *

We again attacked on the 27th astridethe Scarpe. The -Canadians penetrateddeeply between the Sensce and the Scarpe,and captured Cheriey, Vis-en-Artois, andBois Du Sart, taking many prisoners. Onth 9 Canadians' right the Scots crossed theSensee, seized Fontaine-les-Croisilles, andestablished themselves on the slopes south-ward of the village, taking hundreds ofprisoners. Other Scots took Roeux, Green-land Hill, and Gavrelle. English troopstook Arleux-en-Gobello and the old Germanline southward of that point betweenCroisilles and Bapaume and southward.English and New Zealanders were againheavily engaged, and repulsed many de-termined counter-attacks, inflicting heavycasualties. Despite the enemy's efforts westormed Beaugnatre, and progressed atseveral points between Beaugnatre andCroisilles. We captured .Foucaucourt, south-ward of the Somme, which the enemy hadheld strongly with machine guns. North-ward of tho Somme we captured the bulkof Trones Wood, taking prisoner a numberfrom the Prussian Guards Division. South-ward of the Scarpe our First Army im-proved our positions astride the - Arras-Cambrai road, and reached the outskirtsof Haucourt and Boiry Notre Dame.Northward of the Scarpe strong counter-attacks along the Arras-Douai railwayforced back our advanced troops a few hun-dred yards to the old German trenches onGreenland Hill, where the attack brokedown under our fire. Southward of Ba-paume the English and Welsh gainedground in tho face of strong oppositionWe reached the western outskirts of Flers,and drove tho enemy from Longueval. Del-ville Wood, and Bernafay Wood. We re-pulsed ' counter-attacks by the PrussianGuards. Astride tho Somme the Austra-lians, English, and Scots drove back theenemy on the whole front of our attack.

| We gained the high ground eastward of

Maricourt (north of the Somme), and wecaptured Fontaine-)es-Oappy (south of <haSomme) and the woods between that placoand tho Somme, taking prisoner some hun-dreds. Wo also captured VermaudovilloM(north of Chaulnes). Southward of theSomme wo maintained our pressure uponthe enemv fit night-time, advancing' east-ward. Northward of the Somme, as far ssthe neighbourhood of Fontainc-les-Croisillca,the night was comparatively quiet. In thasector astrido tho Scarpo the enemy astrong counter-attacks eastward and south-eastward of Vis-nn-Artois, eastward ofBoiry, and in the vicinity of Gavrelle,were repulsed with loss to the enemy afterheavy righting Our advanced posts west-ward of Oppy were withdrawn slightly a3a result of repeated hostile attacks. Wehave taken prisoner since the morning ofAugust 21 upwards of 26,000 men and over100 guns. Tha tanlcs actively participatedin tho fighting both southward and north-ward of the- Somme on all possible occa-sions, and rendered very gallant and valu-able service, in co-operation with the mfantry and other arms.

(

The Australians on the 28th vigorouslyadvanced and reached a general line froml'resncs to Herbecourt. The enemy is stub-bornly resisting before the passage of theSomme at Bris-Pcronne. On the northbonk of "he Somme we captured Gurluand Hardeoourt after hard fighting. W«are advancing in the direction of Maure-pas. Between Bapaume and tho Scarpa woattacked all day long, and progressed at allpoints, tho Londoners gradually outflankingthe enemy, who obstinately resisted. We"nave captured Groisilles. The Englishfought their way towards Vraucourt andsouth-east of Fontaine-les-Croisilles. Aftersevere day-long fighting the Canadiansdrove tho enemy out of several defendedlocalities and important trench systems, andcaDtured Boiry-Notre Dame and 1 elves.We took prisoners in these operations.

Successful attacks since August 8 deliveredby the Fourth, First, and Thud Britisharmies rendered the enemy's position onthe old Somme battlefield untenable. Iheenemy has been forced on the whole frontfrom Bapaume southward to abandon, withgreat loss of prisoners, guns, and material,as well as killed and wounded, groundwhich ho gained at such heavy cost duringMarch and April of this year. We havereached the west bank of tho Somme oppo-site Brie-Peronne, and captured Hem.Northward of Hem we are advancing ona general line Combles-Morval-Baulincourt-Fremicourt. Sharp righting has occurred onthis front, where we inflicted many casual-ties on the enemy, who attempted to de-lay our progress. We captured Clery-sur-Somme, Oombles, Bullecourt, Hendecourties-Cagnicourt.

Operations proceeded satisfactorily on the30th eastward and northward of Bapaume,despite increased resistance. Hard lightinghas taken place on the greater part.ol thisfront, and the enemy made a number ofheavy counter-attacks. We entered Rein-court-les-Bapaume and Bancourt, wherewe actively engaged the enemy all day long.We captured. Fremicourt and Vaulx-Vran-court, and reached the western outskirts ofBeugny. The enemy is still obstinately de-fending Ecoust-St. Mein, though closelypressed. Determined counter-attacks withstrong forces at Bullecourt and Hendecourtcompelled us to fall back to the westernoutskirts and to the German trench systembetween these villages, where our firestopped the enemy's attack. The Cana-dians successfully attacked astride the Arras-Cambrai road, and captured defences be-tween Hendecourt and Jlancourt, capturingHaucourt and taking hundreds of prisoners.Wo maintained a vigorous pressure north-ward of Bapaume and gained ground. Wealso progressed eastward and north-eastwardof Ulery, taking prisoner 300. We areclosely following the withdrawing enemy.

During the night of the 30th 'the Aus-tralians drove the enemy from positionseastward of Clery, capturing many priso-ners and a number of machine guns. Ouradvance in this locality continues. Eng-lish troops engaged in a successful operationnorthward of the Arras-Cambrai road, cap-turing an important strong point known as

W&b. Serwins Farm, also Eterpigny, on theeast bank of the Somme River.

The Australians, showing great dash,enterprise, and daring, brilliantly executednight operations, seizing the hill and villageof Mont St. Quentin northward of Peronne,thereby gaining possession of an importanttactical feature commanding Peronne andthe angle of the Somme Kiver, also cap-turing Feuillaucourt and over 1500 priso-ners. Our casualties were light. Englishtroops -on the Australians' left attackedin the morning of the 31st with completesucoess, and captured Marrieres Wood andthe high ground eastward and northwardthereof, taking prisoners in considerablonumbers. We successfully repulsed all daylong German counter-attacks, and droveoff with heavy enemy loss strong hostile at-tacks aside the Bapaume-Cambrai road.We completed the capture of Biencourt-les-Bapaume. Further north we slightly im-proved our positions at certain points be-tween Vaulx-Vrancourt and Bullecourt.

Strong hostile counter-attacks in theBullecourt sector led to hand-to-hand 1 fight-ing, and the situation is unchanged materi-ally. Further northward the Canadiansengaged in successful operations immedi-ately southward of the_ Arras-Cambrai road,inflicted many casualties, and captured 15machine guns. Between the Sensee Riverand the Scarpe we advanced our line 1500yards towards the Trinquige River (whichflows eastward midway between Douai andCambrai). The enemy in the evening re-peatedly counter-attacked at Mont St.Quentin (two miles north of Peronne), andwere repulsed on each occasion. Aftersevere fighting we progressed towards LeTransloy (on the Bapaume-Peronno road).Wo cleared out the enemy in the nig'ittime from Longatto and Ecoust-St. Mem(south of Oroisillos and Bullecourt). North-ward of the Arras-Cambrai road in success-ful minor operations eastward of Haucourtwe took 50 prisoners.

The Australians captured Peronne on the31st. After beating off tho enemy counter-attacks upon Mont St. Quentin last nightthe Australians this morning renewed theiradvance. In conjunction with tho Englishon the left, tho Australians soon stormedGerman positions west and north of Per-onne. They pressed on while fierce fightingcontinued among the ruined streets andbuildings, and carried the eastern suburbs.Tho Australians hold Peronne, Flamicourt,St. Denis, and have progressed on the spur3east and north-east of Mont St. Quentin.On the Australians' left London regimentsattacked south-east of Combles and tookBouchavesnes and Rancourt (with the highground overlooking them), and reached thewestern outskirts of St. Pierre Vaast Wood.The Anglo-Australians overcame stiff opposi-tion, captured 2000 prisoners, and took afew guns. We carried out successful minoroperations at a number of points south ofthe Arras-Cambrat road. We have driven

tho enemy out of high ground at Marval,and captured Beaulencourt. We are press-ing tho enemy hard in Lo Transloy, andhave completed tho capture of Bullecourtand Oourt-lcs-Cagnicourt, taking hundredsof prisoners in those operations. The Cana-dians repulsed a counter-attack against theirnew positions gained this morning, north-ward of Hendecourt.

During August we took prisoner 57,318, ofwhom 1283 were officers, and took 657 guns(including 150 heavy artillery), 5750 machineguns, and 1000 trench mortars. Other cap-tures includo three trains, nine locomo-tives, numerous complete ammunition andengineer dumps, containing many hundredthousand rounds of gun and small arms am-munition, and immense quantities of otherwar material.

ENEMY FORCED TO ABANDON THELYS SALIENT.

On the Lys salient between Ypres andLa Bassee and west of Lille wo carried outa successful operation astride the NeufBerquin-Estaires road, advancing our linoon a four-mile front and taking a numberof prisoners. On tho 30th we took posses-sion of Bailleul. Wo hold Lacontre and aline on the Lawe River from Ville Chapelleto Lestrem, both of which villages are inour hands. We gained Bailleul station andthe hill on the east, known as Mont doLille. We gained ground north of KemmelHill.

The increasing demand upon the enemy'sreserves, due firstly to the enormous casual-ties incurred in their massed attacks dur-ing the earlier part of the year, and,secondly, to the heavy casualties in killed,wounded, and prisoners inflicted on theirarmies since July 18 by the Allies' series ofsuccessful attacks, has compelled the enemyto withdraw from the Lys salient and yieldwithout a blow positions of high tacticalimportance which they won at great cost.We took possession of Kemmel Hill, andhave reached a general line thrugh Voor-mezeele, Lindenhock, Lacreche, and Bou-lieu, and are approaching Etsaires. Wearo closely pressing the enemy in tho rctjre-ment, and have taken a number of priso-ners. We have crossed the Lawo River,and are nearing the La Bassce-Estaires road.We have reached Boulieu, Le Terrier, andSteenwerck. and are engaging the enemy atNeuve Wulvernhem.

FRENCH OFFICIAL REPORTS.

French communiques for the past weekstate: •

We made fresh progress east of Bagneux(north of. Soissons), and repulsed counter-attacks west of Crecy-au-Mont. "We took400 prisoners. There was lively artilleryaction at night time in the region of Royeand Beauvraignes and between the Ailetteand the Aisne. Enemy raids in the Vosgeswere resultless.

On both sides of the Avre we carriedout on the 26th two ]pctd operations, en-abling us to capture Fresnoy-Les Roye andSt. Mard, despite lively resistance. In theVosges we repulsed several attempted coups-de-main. South of the Avre on the 26thwe increased our progress in the region ofSt. Mard (west of Roye), after repellingseveral counter-attacks. We took prisonef1100, including 36 officers. Between theOise and..the Aisne a German counter-attackwest of Chavigny (north of Soissons) failed.We advanced our line 120 metres east ofBagneux (further north). There was livelyartillery fire in the night time betweenthe Ailette and the Aisne. Maintaining con-tact with the enemy's rearguards, we con-tinued our advance during the night northof the Avre, and occupied Ohaulnes, Oime-court, Balatre, Roiglise, and Verpilliores.Further south we penetrated Crapeau-MesnilWood, and captupred Dives. We continuedour progress eastward of the Somme. Wereached north of the Avre a general linefrom Licourt, Potte, Mesnil-le-Petit, andNesle. We have retaken about 30 villagesand advanced 12 kilometres (about sevenand a-half miles) at certain points.

Yielding to our continued pressure, theenemy on the 27th were compelled to in-crease their withdrawal on both sides ofthe Avre. We now hold in general a linorunning southward immediately west ofOhaulnes. Punchy, Liancourt, and Verpil-lieres. We occupy Hallu. Fransart, Cro-mery, Grimy, Carrepuis, Rove, Laucourt,and Crapeau-Mesnil. We took some priso-ners. On a front of 30 kilometres (about18 miles) we advanced more than 10 kilo-metres (about six miles) at certain points,and recaptured 40 villages and three trainsof war material. The Americans stopped astrong German attempt to cross the Vesle.

We reached the heights on the left bankof the Somme from Cizancourt (south ofPeronne) as far as east of Nesle. Fur-ther south on the 28th we reached the-western bank of the Canal du Nord (con-necting the Somme and the Oise) alongthe greater part of its course betweenNesle and Noyon. North of the Oise wecaptured Pont l'Eveque, "Vauchelles, andPorquericourt (suburbs of Noyon). Our ad-vance for the day exceeds 10 kilometres atsome points. Forty villages have been re-captured. Vast quantities of material wereabandoned by the Germans. Thi3 includesthree heavily-laden trains. Five hundredprisoners were captured in lively fightingbetween the Oise and the Aisne. In theregion of Juvigny (north of Soissons) theAmerioans repulsed several counter-attacks.They also frustrated a big German at-tempt to cross the Vesle south of Bazouchesand Fizmette. Enemy raids in Lorraineachieved no result. We made two raidein the Champagne. Calm prevails else-where.

During tho 29.th we made progress in theregion of the Oanal-du-Nord (Somme-OiseCanal, between Nesle and Noyon). We cap-tured Quesnoy Wood, north-east of Ecuvillyand Beaurains. Southwards the battle be-came bitterly violent. We carried Noyonby sheer fighting, and reached the south-ern edge of Happlincourt. East of Noyonwo {rained a footing on the southern slopesof Mont St. (Simeon, and took Laedrimont,Morlincourt, and several hundreds of priso-ners. We crossed tho Ailette between thoOiso and tho Aisne at several points, bothnorth and south of Champs, despite resist-ance, and oaptured Cuny and Pont St.Mard. Between the Somme and tho Ailettewe repulsed several enemy _ counter-attackseast of Pasly, and maintained our gainson tho Vesle and in the Champagne. Enemyraids were resultles3. It was calm else-where.

Wo threw back to tho eastern bank of thoCanal du Nord the remaining enemy de-tachments, and captured Catigny and Ser-maize. Following up we advanced andcrossed the canal a£ two points beforeOatigny and Beauvrains, capturing Chevillyand Hill 69, and reaching Genwry. Furthersouth there was desperate fighting in theregion north and east of Noyon. We holdRappllnpourt apd Mont 6t. Simon. Weoaptureq the village of Champs, north ofthe Ailette, also Ohavigny and Cuffiea.

North of Soissons wo reached tho outskirtsof Grouy.

Tho battle continued with extreme vio-lence on the 31st in tho region of theCanal du Nord (north of Noyon) and northof Soissons (on the Aisne). Wo have madtfprogress foot by foot, successively carryingstubbornly-defended centres of resistance*Wo carried Campagne (five miles fromNoyon), on tho east bank of tho Canaldu Nord. The enemy's resistance was par-ticularly violent at the village of Ghevilly(one mile further south), which the Ger-mans twico recaptured; but finally it re-mained in our hands. Eastward of Noyonwe enlarged our gains north of Happlin-court and Morlincourt. Between tho Ailcttoand tho Aisne wo carried by assault Juvignyand Grouy, and readied tho western out-skirts of Leury. Our infantry detachmentscrossed the S'omme-Oise Canal east o!Epinancourt. Further south we capturedRouy-le-Pctit and took 250 prisoners. Inthe region north of Soissons we capturedLeury and reduced several centres of resist-ance which were strongly held, taking 1000prisoners.

A BELGIAN ADVANCE.Belgian communique: After a short artib

lory action we attacked on the 27th ona front of three kilometres north andsouth of the Ypres-Langcmarck railway,Wo penetrated the enemy positions, despitestubborn resistance and a counter-attack,and reached and maintained all our objec-tives.

THE AMERICANS AT WORK.

General Pershing reports that the Amori*oaii3 were forced to retire from Bazoucheaand Fismette, but are advancing with theFrench north-west of Guvigny (north orSoissons). Northward of the Aisne waprogressed in the region of Juyincourfc(north of Soissons), despite strong enemyresistance. Our patrols along the RivenVesle and in. the Woevre brought lp,prisoners. Northward of the Aisne we tookJuvigny by assault. In Alsace we raidedsuccessfully, penetrating the enemytrenches.

AN ALL AMERICAN FRONT.Mr Grasty cables from Paris i "With

three months' battle experience to guidetho American troops, the French andBritish recognise that the beet resultshenceforth will be obtainable by theorganisation of an AU-American front,allowing the Americans to complete theirown training, furnish their own supplies,and assume complete control on the frontThe time for brigading the Americantroops with the French and British haspassed."

General March states: The United State*troops are withdrawing from British _andFrench brigades, in order to join the FirstAmerican Army, which ie now beingformed.

GERMAN REPORTS.

German reports continue to tell of howFranco-British attacks were repulsed '■ orcollapsed, while here and there admittingthat their own forces were withdrawn orrethed. Strong British attacks led bytanks, the German public arc- assured,collapsed. Heavy British attacks on eachside of Bapaume failed. It is admitted thatAnglo-British ' troops captured CappyiiMonchy Heights, Thittcy, St. Mard, Ires-noy, Martinpuieh, and that Noyon is now,in front of the German battle- front. t Itis also admitted that the German lineswere withdrawn between the Somme andthe Oisc, giving up Chaulnes and Roye;also that the British are following up theGerman retirement from Kemmel, Brilleul.After fluctuating fighting, the .enemy cap-tured Bullecourt, and Eooust. Eastward ofJuvigny the enemy advanced as far asTernysorny. The British pushed us backin places between the Scarp© and theSomme.

PRISONERS AND GUNSCAPTURED.

Between the Bth and the 28th Angus*the British have taken prisoner 52,000 jnen.and captured 550 guns. The Allies sinceJuly 18 have taken prisoner 120,000 men .and 2000 guns. # -

.

Though the enemy is displaying con-siderable determination, his morale anddiscipline are decreasing, and disobedienceof orders and laxity of officers in < punish-ing offences are increasing. Capturedshow refusals of the new drafts to entertho line. It would be unwise to form ex-pectations of a German collapse, but theirmorale is very low, and many divisions axedisposed to surrender freely. It is de-finitely known that the total German deadconsiderably exceed two millions.

The British Fourth Army captured oyer200 guns—a very mixed lot. including;several 5.9 naval guns, and others 20 years

The British casualties in the Third andFourth Armies from August 21 to 25 areestimated at 23,000.

.

.

The German nrisoners taken exceed20,000. Tho British on Sunday captured1500 prisoners

,, , om,The Australians have captured

Germans since August 8, this being alarger numbar than the Australian casual* ,

The French, in advancing south-west ofRoye, captured 1100 prisoners, and afterstorming Lowry captured 10C0 prisoners.

Router's correspondent at British Head-;quarters states that tho British Third Army 1(General Byng's) eince August 25 have cap-tured 100 guns and 18,000 prisoners.

The First Army (General Home s) sinceAugust 26 have captured 26 guns and 4000prisoners.. , , .

..

The New Zealanders took; inter alia,some 5.9in howitzers at Bapaume.

A NEW COMMANDER.General Horno, who appears for the first

time as the oommander of the First Army,Was an artillery brigadier at the commence*

September 4,1915T OTAGJ WITNESS. 15

All the fat people want to be lean,"Facta alone are wanted in life."

—Dickens,It is facts alone that prove the worth of

Baxter's Lung Preserver. For 63 year|it has been ministering aid whenever needed.Thousands testify to its efhoacy, A eorathroat or chronio cough cannot long with*Btand Baxter's curative qualities. It relieve*with first dose. A short course of Baxter's.

ment of the war. E- is the inventor of thecreeping barrage, and is now fighting be-tween General Byng's and General Plumer'sarmies. The capture of Haucourt meansa breach of two miles in the Hindenburgline. The British are within two miles ofCombles.

CANADIAN SURPRISE ATTACK.The Canadians have been used in several

surprise attacks. On the 30th, between Bulle-court and Cherisy, they_ easily broke

4the

Hindenburg line, advancing a mile furthereast than the March line. This advancebrings the armies within a mile of the greatswitch line, Drocourt-Queant, which Britishcorrespondents agree is_ of immense strengthand more heavily barricaded than the. Hin-denburg line itself. It is not yet clearwhether the Germans intend to make a pro-longed stand here or to retire to the switch.In view of the First Army bursting theHindenburg line south of the Scarpe, themomentous question is: Will the Germansstands firm at Drocourt, or do_ they for somereason of morale or politics intend to pro-long the retreat? Some critics discuss thepossibility of a retirement to the Meuse asa short defensive line, releasing numerousdivisions, or even a retirement to a moredistant line, as a preliminary to a peaceoffensive. The whole of France and Britainis profoundly stirred by events, and theirtemper is rising: No doubt the Allied armieswill follow and strike wherever the Ger-mans make a stand. The German publicaro most depressed, but comments indicatethat the bitter disappointment felt is con-fined to the failure to grab Paris and theChannel ports.CALM CONFIDENCE AT THE FRONT.

Router's correspondent at British Head-qaurters says: The unanimous spirit at thefront is one of calm confidence. Every-thing has gone excellently, and the greatmachinery of our initiative continues towork perfectly smoothly. The way in whichtransport facilities creep forward in the wakeof our advancing line is a marvel of organi-sation. To-day broad-gauge trains are carry-ing troops and stores into places which aweek ago were in enemy occupation.

Considering the extent and importanceof the operations, our net casualties are verylight. Moreover, the great proportion areclean bullet wounds caused mainly bymachine guns.

Throughout the liaison between all theservices is perfect. The wounded men aresuccoured with wonderful celerity, the RedCross stretcher-bearers' motor cars being inclosest touch with the front line.

Mr LLOYD GEORGE'S OPINION.Replying to Signor Orlando's congratula-

tions upon the British successes. Mr LloydGeorge says: Thanks to the brilliant leader-ship of Marshal Foch and the Allied gene-rals, and the splendid valour and enthusi-asm of all the Allied troops, the Germanarmies are now in retreat. I feel sure that

this is the beginning of the end of thedominance of German militarism.

M. OLEMENCEAU CONFIDENT.M. Clemenceau, in thanking President

Poincare and the General Councils for theircongratulations, said: "Only feeble soulscould be surprised by our recent victories.We are gathering the first sheaves of theharvest, and others will follow, the greatestof which will be the deliverance of theworld from oppression and implacable bru-tality."

THE GUN CAPTURED BY AUS-TRALIANS.

Thousands of people flocked to the Champde Mars, Paris, to see the big gun cap-tured by the Australians, who have baptisedit "Little Bertha." The gun, which wastaken with its own locomotive, was exhibitedwith four trucks containing shells, spareparts, repair shops, and the gunners' quar-ters. The gun weighs 150 tons, its tube is26ft long, and the shells are sft high. Thegun can be fired in any direction accordingto its movement on curved rails. The de-tachment of Australians who captured thegun mounted guard over it, and visitors allday long cheered and congratulated them.Many of the visitors travelled long distancesfrom the provinces. The gun is inscribed:" Captured by the British Fourth Army,August 8, 1918." It is understood that thegun will later on be exhibited in London.

NOTES FROM VARIOUS SOURCES.The Central News, in a cryptic message

from Paris, states: Interesting events areexpected in the Vgsges and Lorraine, butthe hour has not yet struck.

Mr Robinson says_ that the Germans areforming pistol sections in every infantrycompany, thbse being armed with auto-matic pistols with an 18in barrel.

An increasing number of German de-serters, including Prussians, are coming intothe Allied lines. Austrian officers takenprisoner say that their men held the linesonly because the Germans were behind themwith orders to shoot slackers and deserters.

Le Nation states that French troopstraversed Noyon at the double. There arono soldiers in the town at present, as theyare unable to stay there, owing to the densecloud of smoke overhanging the town.After shelling arid destroying the greaterpart of the town the Germans are nowsprinkling it with incendiary shells.

The Canadians by bombing cleaned outthe famous concrete tunnel running west-ward of Bullecourt to the Sensee River.Many Germans were killed, and more weretaken prisoner.

Dr P. 11. Howard, i> Salvtaion Armyworker from the west front, declared thatSei'geant A. B. Cole, of the American army,was crucified by the Germans. Ho wasfound by his brother dead, fastened to thewall of an outbuilding, with bayonetsthrough his feet and hands.

Tire New York Times Washington corre-

spondent says there is the greatest satisfac-tion in military circles at the Allied pro-gress on the west front. Experts expressconfidence that Marshal Foch will be ableto drive the Germans behind the line theyoccupied last spring.

Germans captured on the United Statesfront report that the shortage of man-power is causing the High Command graveconcern. Numbers of Germans are willingto surrender and sink their war aims. Theirlosses during the Allied advance have beenheavy. One division was reduced to lessthan ,1000 men. Trouble is also threateningamong the workers at munition plants.

A neutral eye-witness gives the followinginstance of German knavery-.—British air-men bombed and partly destroyed a Ger-man military train, killing and woundingmany soldiers, but before any attempt wasmade to succour the wounded a number ofmen began painting red crosses on the car-riages, the idea being to pretend that itwas a hospital train. Doubtless photographsare being circulated in Germany and neu-tral countries.

The-New York Times Washington corre-spondent (M. TarJieu) cabled from Paris:Judging from reliable documents, apparentlyonly 24- fresh divisions now compose theGerman reserves, and 23 others are beingre-formed. Prisoners' statements and secretdocuments and letters reveal great dis-couragement among the German troops.They no longer believe that victory ispossible. Germany has now realised thatthe French and British reserves have notbeen used up, and she is forced to admitthe value of America's army.

M. Hutin says: It is unlikely that Generalvon Below will "remain long on the Somme,as the British are threatening all the posi-tions below the bend. The feeling now isthat the enemy has so generally lost theinitiative that he can no longer co-ordinateeven in defensive action. His armies givethe impression that each is fighting inde-pendently.

GERMAN OPINION OF AUSTRALIANS.Renter's correspondent at British Head-

quarters states: Lately we captured a note,issued by Battalion Headquarters, whichcontains the following:—"'The Australiansare a powerful type of men, exceedinglyclever, versatile, and enterprising. Theyknow how to creep through high crops andcapture our outposts. They aslo understandexceedingly well how to carry out largepatrol operations. Their characteristic issuch that they take few prisoners, butbayonet or shoot everybody."

THE ITALIAN FRONT.Italian official reports state: The British

westward of Asiago raided enemy posi-tions and overcame the garrison. Theyt.v-.tr :>7Q prisoners. We penetrated deeplyinto the enemy positions at Monte Maito,inflicting heavy casualties.

THE ALBANIAN FRONT.French Eastern communique: In Al-

bania, unmolested, our troops effected aslight withdrawal, contact with the Italiansbeing maintained.

Austrian official reports state: Wo cap-tured a bridgehead northward of .Fieri, andcrosssd the Semeni River and recapturedFieri and Berat. The enemy captured aposition in the southern part of the TomorMountain, and between Janina andVoyusa.

THE SALONIKA FRONT.A French communique states: There was

the greatest artillery activity on both hjnksof the Vardar, in the neighbourhood ofHoum'a, in Albania. The' Austrians twiceattacked the Franco-Italians in the regionof the confluence of the Devoli and theToetoriea. The French repulsed both, butsubsequently slightly withdrew the leftwing in order to maintain contact withthe Italians.

THE PALESTINE CAMPAIGNWORK OF THE NEW ZEALAND

MOUNTEDS.Report of operations to July 1.—The

Auckland Mounted Rifles relieved the Wel-lington Mounted Rifles, and occupied ashort sector in the Jordan Valley. Patrol-ling and wiring in front of the enemy'sdefences, they were daily in touch withenemy patrols. Working parties from thebrigade were constantly employed at drain-ing-stagnant water and in adopting othermeasures against mosquitoes.

July 22-23.—The enemy ehelled ourbivouac area, but the casualties were verylight. On July 14 the enemy heavilyshelled this sector, and attacked from Abu-Tellu and Tell-el-risho before daylight. Theuttack was pressed against' the Light HorseBrigade on the right of the New ZealandBrigade. Eight enemy aeroplanes assistedin the attack. The Wellington MountedRifles pushed forward to attack theenemy's flank. They drove it in, and cap-tured 61 prisoners. The CanterburyMounted Rifles cleared the country a mileto the westward under heavy shell fire.The enemy were driven off with heavycasualties, losing 403 prisoners. Thebrigade withdrew to bivouac in the even-ing, and continued their previous routine.

July 19.—The brigade' moved to a campin the back area, and on July 27 went outof the valley to a rest camp.

IN MESOPOTAMIA.General Sir William Marshall's first de-

spatch covers, the operations in Mesopo-tamia from October 1, 1917, to March 31,19i8. It gives details, of the successful ex-pedition up the Euphrates against theTurkish concentration beyond Hit, also theoperations on the Diala River, includingejecting the Turks from Khanikin * andopening the road to Northern Persia. Thedespatch explains th® care taken not tocamp our troops within the holy cities ofKcrbela and Nedjef. . .

Some irreconcilables in Nedjef fired onour tioops exercising near the town, caus-ing a few casualtias. General Marshall,not desiring to injure a town full of sacredmemories for the Mohammedans, decidedto punish the two leading Arab Sheikhs re-sponsible for the offence, but the Sheikhafled, and they have since been outlawed.

Captain W. M. Marshall, a politicalofficer in Nedjef, was murdered on March21. The British surrounded the town witha military post joined by barbed wire,until those implicated in the murder weregiven up.

MASSACRE OF ARMENIANS,Cablegrams from the United States

Minister in Persia state that 40,000 Chris-tian refugees from Urumia (in •Armenia,)have arrived at Hamaden. in Persia. Fif-teen thousand were massacred by theTurks or died of disease and starvation enroute.

AERIAL ACTIVITY.Sir Douglas Haig in his aviation reports

state that, despite bad weather, there wasgreat aerial activity, involving much lowflying and artillery observation, harassingthe enemy by bombs and machine-gun fire,bombing railway stations and junctions, alsoammunition dumps and aerodromes. British,aviators also dropped ammunition by meansof parachutes to machine gunners in thefront line. On the 27th British aviatorsdestroyed 10 aeroplanes and drove down fiveuncontrollable; seven British machines notreturning. On the 28th 11 hostile machineswere destroyed and 10 were driven downuncontrollable, nine British machines being'missing. On the 30th 12 enemy machineswere destroyed and five driven down un-trollable, five British machines being miss-

ing-, T ,

On the 29th bombs were dropped onBruges docks and other targets. On the30th 252 tons of bombs were dropped onBruges docks, Zeebrugge mole, and selected

French communiques state that French,bombs dropped explosives on the Germanrear, numerous hits being registered. Onthe 28th and 29th 20 enemy aeroplaneswere brought down.

A German report states that on the <mn.German aviators dropped 25 tons of bombson camps and railway stations.

An Italian official report states: Our low-flyers bombed with accuracy important rail-way establishments, at Franzensfeste. Air-ships bombarded military works at Pola andstation depots at Pramolano; We destroyedseven aeroplanes. An Italian naval com-munique states that a squadron of aero-planes dropped two tons and a-half ofbombs on the arsenal at Pola, causing seri-ous fires. It is believed that the depot3of naphtha for submarines were damaged.British machines bombed camps and maga-zincs at San Giovanni, Di Medua, andliagusa, greatly damaging a station, rail-way, and bridge. Large squadrons of sea-planes iininterruptedly attacked Durazzo.They dropped three and a-half tons, ofexplosives, causing fires at magazines, mili-tary works, and near the quarters of theAustrian Command.

The Air Ministry reports: On the nightof August 25-6 we successfully attackedthe railway junction at Frankfort andchemical factories at Mannheim, with verygood results at Frankfort. < We dropped twotons of bombs on factories at Mannheim,causing fires and explosions. The machinesflew through heavy thunderstorms. Othermachines dropped four tons of bombs orjhostile aerodromes, with good results. The-attack on Mannheim was delivered at a

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height of 200ft, the pilots just avoidingphimneys and an intense barrage over thehousetops. Our bombs caused extremelyheavy explosions. • Every bomb burst on itstarget, and it is certain that considerabledamage was done. AH of our machinesreturned. We attacked on the 29th railwaystations at Conflans and a hostile aero-drome. "We directly hit hangars in theaerodrome, and also the Conflans railway.We destroyed one aeroplane in fighting.Another attaok was made against thestations of Conflans and Thionville, when weencountered larorely superior numbers ofenemy machines, and fierce fighting ensued.We destroyed one and drove down another.Four British machines are missing. Anaerodrome at Boulay was attacked withgood results, and Boulay aerodrome was soton fire.

The British Admiralty reports: BetweenAugust 19-25 our aeroplanes, co-operatingwith the navy, dropped 27 tons of bombson docks and aerodromes in Belgium.Direct hits were secured on the submarineshelter at Bruges, and two large explosionsand big fires were caused at the docks.The enemy shipping and land batteriesat Bruges were also attacked. We de-stroyed five maohines, and drove downfive others. Four British machines are miss-

Mr W. T. Massey reports: Our air forcesin Palestine maintain a complete masteryof the air. During- the past few weeksthey have destroyed 11 enemy machinesand driven down six; all save one fell inthe Turkish lines, showing that we haveto seek out the enemy, who avoids com-bats as much as possible. The Australiansshare the air honour. In.a recent encoun-ter two Australian machines accounted forfive out of seven attacking machines.

A Turkish communique - states: Enemyairmen raided Constantinople on the nightof the 25th, and bombs fell on the outerquarter of the city. Two hundred andfifty houses were burnt as a result of theair raid, on August 27. and 500 more in theair raid of August 28.

WORK REVIEWED.The Press Bureau gave details

fon the

29th of the week's air activity, which showthat over 200 tons of bombs were droppedon enemy organisations in the battle areaalone. They also raided Germany 17 times,and constantly raided the> Belgian coastalarea. Some places were visited three timesin a single day, notwithstanding that theseplaces are the most strongly fortified inEurope. During the last three months wehave "conducted 199 raids upon Zeebrugge,Bruges, and Ostend. A recent raid on Mann-heim, when the British flew level with thehousetops, had a drastic moral effect. Ittemporarily paralysed the German defences.

The New York Times Washington corre-spondent states: Official despatches fromParis say that during the first two weeksof August French bombing planes droppedG2,000 kilogrammes of projectiles in the day-time and 220,000 at night on the west front.Five enemy aeroplanes were brought downover the French lines, and six were broughtdoWn by anti-aircraft guns; while 47enemy machines were brought down overtheir o.wn lines, 93 disabled, and six Ger-man balloons were set on fire., The Frenchlosses were less than_ one-third of thoseof the enemy. American aviators duringthe same period brought down at least .20enemy aeroplanes.

THE SUBMARINE MENACE.German sttbmarines sank seven Dutch lug-

gers off Ymuiden.The Spanish steamer Carasa has been

torpedoed. Six of the crew were drowned.This is greatly aggravating the German-Spanish situation.

The (Spanish steamer Atazmode has beentorpedoed. It is also reported that thesteamer Alexandrine has been sunk.

The Spanish Ministry has prepared areport concerning the torpedoing of theArtagan Mendi, based pn the telegraphicdetails ordered in anticipation of the en-forcement of the regulation of the 10th ofAugust. The Government decided, in view

the strained public feeling, to strictlyapply the espionage law and to preventthe publication of statements calculatedto compromise neutrality; also temporarilyto suspend the guarantees relating to thefreedom of the press.

HUN ATROCITIES.A clear case of a German submarine at-

tempting to sink "without leaving trace"b revealed by the French Government.The steamer Lyndiane was torpedoed with-out warning off the Spanish coast. Twowhaleboats and a raft got afloat with thenurvivoi's. The submarine rose and chargedone whaler, cutting it in halves. The occu-pants of the other whaler thought thiswas accidental, and strove to rescue theircomrades • but the submarine then rammedand smashed it also, killing the captain(ind a woman passenger. Then the U-boat(aimed and rammed the debris in order tomake sure. The submarine next rammedthe raft several times. The submarineCommander, seeing tho Lyndiane's secondOfficer swimming by tho ship, ran him'down, She propeller vtatting him intopieces. The U-boat then resumed the taskof smashing tho obstinato raft, killing andmaiming many during tho process. Even-tually the raft was scattered to pieces, andthe submarine disappeared, leaving the sur-vivors clinging lo tho debris. Though thisAttempt to sink without leaving n. tracefailed, only eight stricken survivors wereteeoued out of 46 abroad tho vessel.

News from an Atlantic port states thata Brazilian liner, with 350 passengersaboard, was shelled by a U-boat for twohours 150 miles off the American coast.The U-boat was disguised with canvassmokestacks, and was mistaken by the liner'scaptain for a patrol boat. An Americandestroyer, in response to an "5.0.5." call,"oame up and drove off the U-boat. Womenand children remained upon the upperdecks, wearing lifebelts, and watched theshelling, until they were ordered to a placeof safety. Twenty-five American sailors onboard descended to the stokehold and helpedthe crew to speed up the vessel, which keptzig-zagging.

BULLYING NORWAY.Replying to the Norwegian Government's

protest against the submarine attacks, Ger-many offers compensation whenever it isproved that a Norwegian ship was torpedoedwithout warning omside the danger zone.

The Norwegian newspapers point out thatGermany is bound to give compensation inany case. They add that money cannotcompensate for the loss of seamen's livesand ships. Norway must demand Germanships and compensation for the dead sea-men's families.

THE LUSITANIA ATROCITY.Le Journal, reports that Lieutenant

Schweiger, commander of tho submarinewhich torpedoed the Lusitania, has beencaptured in the Mediterranean.

A judge of the United States Court re-fused to compel the Cunard line to paydamages in suits aggregating between8,000,000d0l and 10,000,00Qd0l in connectionwith the sinking of the: " Lusitania. Thecourt decided that Germany must paydamages, Britain and America to enforcepayment at a future time.

This decision affects more than 40 suits.Captain Turner is exonerated from allblame. The judge declared - that the evi-dence showed that there were no explosivesaboard. t

THE HEROES OF THE OiSTEND-ZEEBRUGGE RAID.

The London Gazette contains stirringstories of deeds of heroism and indomitablecourage in connection with the secondblocking operations at Ostend on the nightof May 9. There is a long list mentionedby Admiral Keyes, commanding the Doverpatrol on the occasion.

Admiral Keyes says: Aerial photographstaken prior to the operation clearly showedthat the enemy had made special prepara-tions in anticipation of a renewed attack.The operation was carried out in minedwaters in the face of a tremendous fire.The greatest credit is due to the volun-teers for hazardous service on the Vindic-tive and the motor launches detailed forrescue work; also to the crews of the innumberable craft which covered andscreened the Vindictive, led her to theobjective, and rescued the survivors of hercrew' after she had been premeditatedlyblown up.

The list of awards in connection withthe blocking of Ostend on May 9 includethree Victoria Crosses.

Lieutenant-commander Drummond, incharge of a motor- despite the factthat he had sustained three severe wounds,navigated a seriously-damaged boat andtook off 40 of the Vindictive's crew, someof whom were killed during embarkation.

Lieutenant-commander Bourke, who wasIn charge of a motor launch, engagedenemy guns with his Lewis gun.- Afterwithdrawing he heard cries, re-entered theharbour, and rescued three wounded menclinging to a skiff. The laimch was hitin 56 places, including one hole from aoin shell.

Lieutenant Victor Crutchlcy, who assumedcommand of the Vindictive after hissuperior officer was put out of action andmanoeuvred the Vindictive into position,did not leave until he had thoroughlysearched with an electric torch for survivors.He assumed command of CommanderDrummond's motor launch when the lattercollapsed owing to wounds, and kept herafloat by bailing out.

Captain Bonn, M.P.. has been appointedCommander of the Bath, and CaptainErnest Wigram Companion of St. Michaeland St. George for gallant conduct atthe Ostend action.

AMERICAN PREPARATIONS.President Wilson favours national prohi-

bition during war time, but urged post-ponement of its effective operation till themiddle of 1919. An agreement has beenreached under -which national prohibitionwill become effective on July 1, 1919. TheSenate passed this arrangement.

The Senate tentatively accepted an amend-ment to the Man-power Bill providing thatthe "work or-fight" stipulating provisionshall not apply to labour strikes where thestrikers submit their grievances to the WarLabour Board.

The Fuel Administration Board has askedall motor car-owners not to use their caraon Sunday, in order to have petrol forwar purposes. It is estimated that on asingle Sunday approximately 7,000,000 gal-lons can bo saved. The compulsory ration-ing of petrol is not considered necessaryat present.

Mr Baker, Secretary of War, has' an-nounced that Mr John Ryan has been ap-pointed Assistant Secretary of War, withresponsibility for the Army Air Service.This is practically tantamount to Mr Ryanbeing appointed Air Minister.

Tho New York Herald's Washington

correspondent learns that the now War Re-venue Bill will bo the largest in the historyof the work). It will raise eight billiondollars.

Mr M'Acloo has announced that morethan 30,000,00Ch000d0l of Government _ in-surance has been issued on Americansoldiers.

It is officially announced at Washingtonthat an additional credit of 400.000.000d0lhas been extended to Great Britain by theUnited States.

MR ROOSEVELT'S VIEWS.Speakingat Springfield Mr Theodore Roose-

velt said the need of the moment was tospeed up the war, establish a thorough-going Americanism throughout America,and prepare for after-war tasks as soon aspeace negotiations began. It was necessaryto beware of paoifists, pro-Germans, andInternationalists. Pacifists were the enemiesof the United States; and Internationalistswere enemies of Americanism. The ideathat the League of Peace will definitelyabolish war was either sheer nonsense orrank, hypocrisy. He hoped in April nextto see 4,000,000 "United States troops atthe front, exclusive of reservists.

PRESIDENT WILSON TO VISITENGLAND.

President Wilson, in a private letter, con-firms the statement that he will visit Eng-land and France on a special mission fnOctober.

PRESIDENT WILSON AND VICTORY.' President Wilson has announced that he

solemnly purposes a decisive victory at arms,and deliberately proposes to devote thelarger part of the nation's military strengthto that end, emphasising how this is thenation's war. Mr Wilson points out thatthis demands the mobilisation of ©verynational resources as a final demonstrationof loyalty to democracy. The will to winis necessary to show the world that thepeople of the United States stand togetherin common resolution . and purpose

THE PRESIDENT'S LABOUR DATMESSAGE.

President Wilson has issued a LabourDay message. After reviewing the Germanaims and methods, he eays: The world can-not be safe, men's lives secure, or theirrights asserted so long as Governmentslike those which drew Austria and Ger-many into the war are permitted .to controlthe destinies of men and nations. It is awar in whioh industry must sustain thearmy. Tire labourer at home are as essen-tial as the fighters in the battle. To failto win would imperil everything- thatLabour has striven for* and held dearsince Freedom first was had. Let usmake this a day of consecration, inwhich we devote ourselves withoutpause or limit to setting our countryand the whole _ world free. The nation isof a single mind in taking counsel withno special class, serving no private orsingle interest. We realise, as we h■ venever realised before, that we are comrades

on one another, irresistiblewhen united, powerless when divided. Sojoin hands and lead the world to a newand better day.

CANADIAN PRESSMEN PRAISEAMERICANS.

The Canadian editors have arrived hereafter visiting England and the west front.They were specially impressed with theirvisit to the King, who was personallyfamiliar with the deeds of the dominionsoldiers at' the front, and expressed theEmpire's debt to' the colonies. The NewYork Times quotsd the editors as sayingthat the King told them: "The Ameri-cans are wonderful. It is an inspirationand an earnest of victory simply to lookat them. Their great; height and perfectphysique and fitness, their fresh youngfaoss and boundless enthusiasm, are verystimulating to us, who have endured fouryears of the brunt and horror of war.What the Americans have really done forus is best expressed in their own idiom.They have 'put pep into us'; they havegiven to us and the French of their pep,and we now know that we cannot lose thewar."

' CAPTAIN SEDDON'S MISSION.Captain T. E. Y. Seddon, M.P., of New

Zealand, has completed a tour of the ship-yards,, and has started a second country-side tour to encourage the workers to makea maximum effort in war activities.

ILL-TREATING WAR PRISONERS.The New York World's Washington cor-

respondent says that the Allied diplomatshave made a statement regarding thecruelties inflicted on Allied prisoners inGermany.

In ono instance a British soldier,wounded in the foot, remonstrated with hisguard for being forced to do fatigue duty.He was shot- dead when he pushed theguard's rifle away as the guard was aboutto strike him with the weapon.

A Scots soldier was shot down becausehe walked slowly owing to having awounded foot.

Evidenoe is forthcoming that a numberof British prisoners in Germany are notreceiving the food parcels, which aro stolenor withheld by the German authorities.

Two French prisoners and 39 Germandeserters from the front opposite Toul havesought safety in the French lines. Thetwo Frenchmen stated that they were keptin fbombarded positions with many Eng-lish prisoners, who were even worsetreated, having to handle shells and todig.

ESCAPE OF-BELGIANS.A party of Belgians, armed with rifles

and revolvers, rushed the electrified wireat the barrier on the Dutch frontier inthe night-time. They cut the wire, whileothers replied to the fire of the Germansentries. All the Belgians, escaped.

CHOLERA IN BELGIUM.In an outbreak of cholera in Belgium

there were 36 _ deaths in one week m avillage near Driest.

GERMANS IN ENGLAND.The Homo Offico officials have sub-

divided the various classes of unnaturalisedGermans into eight categories. It is statedthat it is not proposed to intern any ofthem over 55 years ot n™, unless theirrecord is bad. The remainder aro liable tointernment, but actually only a small pro-portion are of the hiternable class. In suchcases drastio internment is probable. Thealleged thousands of uninterned do notexist.

MORE MEN WANTED.General Maurice writes: The present

offensive, great though its promise is, lacksweight to carry us to complete victory.The American armies will give the neces-sary weight, but the war will bo prolongedunless the British armies are kept up. Thequestion now being anxiously asked inFrance is: "Will they keep up their drafts?"If we rely on the annual • contingent of19-year-olds and recovered sick and woundedwe cannot maintain our forces at fullstrength, and the war will bo prolonged.Every able-bodied man possible must, bosent to the front. While Ireland is outof the war we are not doing our best.Our overseas expeditions to other frontsmust bo reduced to the bare vital necessi-ties of those fronts, and we must appealto the dominions to look to their man-power. If Australia could see at work herglorious troops who saved Amiens in April,and who arc now, with reduced ranks,driving the enemy along the iSommo, theAustralian ranks would not long remain un-filled.

/

VARIOUS ITEMS.Military Medals have been awarded to 61

Now Zealanders.The Press Bureau states that the King

has degraded from the degree of Knight tothat of Bachelor Mr Joseph Jonas, ex-mayor of Sheffield, who was convicted ofhaving dealings with the enemy.

The Liverpool Cotton Association hasadopted a by-law providing for boycottingthe enemy for 10 years after the war.

Mr Rowell (President of the CanadianPrivy Council) says the Canadian casualtiesare fewer in the. present year than in pre-vious years, owing largely to the fact thatCanadian divisions, unlike those of Britainand Australia, wero constantly kept up tostrength.

Colonel C. O. Ballantyne, Canadian Minis-ter of Marine, fn a statement, says theCanadian Government, as a result of theImperial Conference, shortly hoped _to de-cide upon ,a permanent naval policy forCanada.

German authorities are employing thou-sands of 17-year-old youths from Westphalia,Hanover, and the Rhine provinces, alsoBelgians, in constructing defensive worksalong the Rhine.

The New York World's correspondent atCristobal states that Colombia, the SouthEmerican Republic, is approaching a rup-ture with Germany. President Suarez hasappointed Dr Holquin as Secretary; forForeign Relations, and Dr Holquin isstronglv anti-German.

A New York Deputy stated that theAttorney-general issued the statement thatAmerican correspondents at Berlin, beforethe United States entered the war, wereduped by the German Foreign Office intosending out articles favourable to the Cen-tral Empires.

Mr Beaumont Alexander, vioe-presidont ofthe Allied Industries Board, is leaving forEngland to submit a plan to_ ViscountFurness and the French authorities for in-ternational action to prevent Germany fromexporting manufactured and other articlesafter the war without bearing the mark,"Made in Germany." This is for thepurpose of frustrating German plans toflood the world with articles after the warwithout a designation of their origin.

„ AUSTRALIAN QUOTA.The Federal Minister of Defence (Sena-

tor Pcarce) announces that the Governmenthas decided to uso_ all discharged returnedsoldiers who re-enlist, and any enlistmentsin excess of the . monthly quota of 5400,for the relief of • the original Anzacs, whowill be allowed to return on furlough toAustralia.

WITH THE NEW ZEALANDERSNEW ZEALANDEItS AT THE "DOVE-

COTE."

(Special from the Official War Correspon-dent.)

August 23.This morning at 1.30 the attack launched

on August 21 by General Byng, broke outwith renewed intensity. It was a- brilliantmoonlight night, And planes hummed abovewhile artillery thundered below. > Followinga spendid barrage went the infantry fromseveral divisions. Our Rifle Brigade stillrepresented New Zealand, though anotherbattalion relieved one that had alreadytaken a successful part in the advance.We continued to hold our narrow front onthe Ancre and1 the defensive flank on theright to join up with a division thathad trouble with a strong point known asBeauregard "Dovecote." It was decidedthat the "Dovecote" must fall thismorning,and while the English were attacking it ourmen advanced due east between the 'Dovecote" and the village of Irles. From acrossthe Anore came a lot of machine-gun fire,and our men suffered some casualties, butthese were really light. Only two com-panies were concerned in this fighting.

Oprations at night always make it dif-ficult to stop on the exact objective, andour men in their keenness went at least400 yards further than they need have gone.However, having gone so far, they decidedto hold on to the ground gained. A diffi-cult situation arose in consequence. Atbreak of day they found themselves sittingIn a valley with the enemy commandingtheir position from a wedge—very much likeGheluvelt, and as was the case during thefight for 'Polderhoek Chateau last year inFlanders. Then it was ascertained thatthere was another attack to be made at11 o'olock in this immediate vicinity, andthat their position was 200 yards inside thearea on which the barrage was due to comedown. It became a case of crawling outunder the German machine-gun fire, or re-maining to be. shelled by friendly artillery.As soon as the position was known a mes-senger crept back, and succeeded in gettingword to advanced Brigade Headquarters,so that the barrage, which was -now un-necessary for this bit of ground, was stoppedin time. Thus all ended well, and theNew Zealanders, at small cost, had gaineda depth of 700 yards on a frontage of 800yai'ds.

The operation then commenced at 11o'olock. One company from the same bat-talion advanced and cleaned out the Ger-mans who were occupying the valley of thexincro, immediately north of Miraumont.Some nests of enemy machine guns weremopped up, and prisoners wero taken, andthe operation was quite successful, 'lo-daythe heat was tempered by a breeze, butit was no uncommon signt to see NewZealandors stripped bare to the waist andbeing gradually browned by the sun, asthey were on GallipoH. Ifound the men in iho best of spirits'. The

fine weather is certainly in favour of aquick advance.

This morning, when the barrage for the11 o'clock advance came down, hundredsof Iluns took to their heels and "loggedit" for all they were worth. The New Zea-landers chased them up as close as theycould on the edge of the barrage, and shotat them both with machine-guns and rifles."We had a great lot of fun up there fora while," said a cheery wounded riflemanwhom I met on the battlefield. Somehours later, away beyond on a ridge, ourmen could see other Germans retreating.At the same time some New Zealandersspotted a party of about 20 of the\ enemycoming towards them as if, to surrender,-Some were limping as if wounded, but whenthey reached a favourable position they be-gan to shoot at our men. Then the NewZealanders dealt it out tp their little party,and in a brief space of time none were leftto carry back any news of the battle toGermany "A platoon officer got six, andI got two," said a corporal who was hitlater in the engagement after he had beeninterrupted in his shooting to take Jjaoka message to company headquarters.

Most of our men had but a poor opinion;of the fighting calibre of the Germans • mej>in this battle. " The Hun is not stioking itout like he used to," said a wounded NewZealand corporal; ''his spirit is gone. Theonly good men he seems to have now arehis machine-gunners. _ These are left till thelast to hold the positions, and I assure yoilthey are getting a very rough spin." Re.-turning over the crest of Serre Ridge %found between 60 and 70 prisoners whomthe New Zealanders had captured halted by*the way in charge of about four riflemeri.Numbers of one of our battalions in reservehad joined them, and all were mixed to-gether in quite a friendly party. The Ger-mans were willingly giving away souvenirs,and there was a hubbub of conversation inEnglish, French, and Gorman. Nearly allthe Germans seemed very glad to be donewith the war, and not in the least afraidthat tho New Zealanders would eat them.One young fellow, who just before the.warhad been a student at Oxford, doubted mystatement that the war might last threeyears more. " Germany," he said, " walfinished." And he added with emphasis t;"Thank the good Lord that for me 'tis atan end." All the German prisoners I sawwere very kindly treated, and their woundedwere tenderly cared for. Even their walkingwounded were taken in our ambulance cartwhenever there was room. In the afternoonI was with the offioer of our medical corps,who took some of them back in his car.He was wading in a creek yesterday whenour men, with machine-gun fire, drove in240 Germans upon a position held by someEnglish troops. To these" latter the Ger-mans promptly surrendered, and weremarohed off as their prisoners. " Hard luokfor the New Zealanders," I said to thoNew Zealand officer. "Never mind," hesaid; " it all goes to' win the war, and thesoTommies fought well."

As I write at the end of a long day tocatch the last despatch-rider the loud andcontinuous thunder of the British guns beatson the air. They have been busy now for20 hours, and seem as if they would, con-tinue far into the night or the next day.The tanks are creeping forward towards thebattlefront. It has been a busy day for

September 4, 1918" OTAGO WITNESS 17

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Ludendorff. To-morrow will hein danger, and ifc is perhaps within thebounds of possibility that the New Zea- ,landers may have a hand hi its fall. I

NEW ZEALANDERS BEFOREBAPAUME.

A SUBSTANTIAL CREDIT BALANCE.August 24.

Shortly before 2 a.m. there was a cres-cendo of artillery, which at one time de-veloped into a roar, in which youcould not count the reports of sruns. Atthe same time the hum of aeroplanes over-

head in the moonlight indicated importantoperations on our part, and another busyday for Hind'enburg. Late in tho evening

j wo heard that a New Zealand force hadj been, ordered to exploit the success towardsj Bapaume, and that our troops were to

) concentrate at a certain rendezvous to-day.! North and South Island troops were to do

the fighting ahead of us, beyond Achiet-le-Petit and Achiet-le-Grand towards wherepositions that would be south-west werelikely_ to give trouble—Loupart Wood,Grevillers, and Biefvellers. These werestrong points in tho forefront of theBapaume defences.

The first attacking force started at 4.15

am., without a barrage; indeed, there wasscarcely time to work out the intricatodetails of a barrage, and luckily it was notaltogether essential. The enemy had beentremendously worried during the past threedays, and ho had been busy

GETTING HIS GUNS BACKfor fear of capture. His infantry—fightsing a. rearguard action, without tanks andwith little artillery support—were in forbad times. Our own artillery was givinghim no peace wherever a target could befound. The New ' Zealand field guns hadbeen well advanced, and some of them werepractically moving forward! with tho in-fantry in the first attacking force. Wel-lington troops were. on the right, whileAuckland were on the left.

THE FIRST CHECKcame in front of Loupart Wood, wherefor a time there was ho"t fighting. Severalfell under the German machino gun fire,bub tho irresistible New Zcalanders, whocould be seen advancing as calmly as ifthey were going for a morning stroll, werenot to be denied, and before longthe wood was ours. Then the advancingwaves pushed on towards Grevillers, whereit was thought there were more machineguns. Men from an English division thatwas forming tho defensive . flank on ourright, assisted in the capture of the village.Away ahead on the left were the fewruined houses of Biefvillers, and troopsfrom both the North and South Islandsunits were soon engaged with the enemyhero. Biefvillers met the same fate as itssister village, and our troopsPUSHED ON TOWARDS BAPAUME.

Meantime they had killed and wounded!many Germans; indeed, many of thewounded that I saw our bearers and ambul-ance bringing back for some time wereGermans. In addition, we captured somehundreds of prisoners.

Still pushing on, our men went to within1000 yards of Bapaume itself, and possiblythey could have taken it to-day, but thesalient was becoming too narrow, and thedirect attack was not for the time beingpersisted in.

Tanks assisted in to-day's fighting, anddid excellent work. I saw two woundedmonsters waddling back in the afternoon,but, notwithstanding (this, thero were fewcasualties among the personnel.

THE FIGHT FOR BAPAUME.

STRONG RESISTANCE ENCOUN-August 30.

Troops from all parts of New Zealandhave been in the great battle raging alongthe British front, and all have acquittedthemselves well.

In the attack on Grevillera (two mileswest of Bapaume) yesterday, the Otago andWaikato men were on the left. Aucklandtroops went right through the village, whileyet other Auckland and Wellington troopswero on the right. The enemy fought atthe start with rifles

;and machine guns. One

company moving along a hedge at first metwith no resistance, but at the end of thehedge six, machine guns from a wood onthe right opened fire on them. Several ofthe enemy, sheltering in dug-outs, were cap-tured. For a time a hot fire was poured onthe advancing New Zealandcrs, and they hadto make what shelter they could hastily find.Most opportunely a tank came up, and theGerman machine gunners, who knew toowell the habits of these thick-skinned mon-sters, took to their heels, the Aucklandersand -others shooting at them as they ran.Then our men managed to get across theridge. They were, however,

STILL HELD UPby machine guns ahead. Several men wentforward to endeavou to locate these guns,but without success, and further casualtieswere suffered by a German trench-mortarbarrage. The, Germans also aimed at thetanks with their anti-tank guns, and shellsfrom these inflicted further casualties amongour infantry; but our men held gallantlyon. One man's head was blown clean off.Some of the tanks were damaged, but ourmen still held the line they had gained. , AnAucklander who was in thfis fight told methat the spirit of the men and their cheer-fulness was really wonderful.

■ The Wellington troops last night, inpatrol encounters south of Loupart Wood,captured six machine guns and 23 pri-soners .

It was decided to renew the attack thismorning with an artillery barrage. Duringthe night the attacking troops formed upon iheir assembly lines, and at 5 a.m. aheavy barrage from our artillery burst uponthe ground held bv the enemy in front ofour troops, who advanced and

CAPTURED AYESNES-BAPAUME,a village on the outskirts of Bapaume, andthe ridge on the left as far as the monu-ment Commemoratif on the Bapaume-Arrasroad. This brought our troops within 1000yards and well abreast of Bapaume. Whenthey had reached the monument they wereheld up by heavy machine-gun fire from anarrow curving strip of wood just south oftho monument and from the west outskirtsof Favieuil village, and they were unableto proceed further. The enemy were nowfighting determinedly, and it was evidentthat they meant to hang on as long aspossible in hopes, perhaps, of staving offtho capture of Bapaume itself .

Meantime an English division on our lefthad taken Sapignies, further north on theArras-Bapaume road, and we were in touchwith these troops. Our left battalion suf-fered rather heavy casualties, but on theremainder of tho front our casualties weresmall, and mainly from machine-gun fire.On our right flank, North Island troops con-formed to the advance of an English divi-sion on our right. They were merely mark-ing time, and had no fighting to speak of.

I saw none of the wounded who had beenin this fight—Otago and Canterbury men.They wero quite cheerful. One had abroken leg; another, with a nasty woundon the cheek, was yet able to get solacefrom his pipe. A third, when asked whathis wound was like, replied: "Oh, just abit of a shell in the back and a bullet wound.Tres bien, the whizz-bang. I

MIGHT GET A BLIGHTYout of it. Anyhow, I've chased enoughHuns to last me for a couple of months."Several Southerners who were in tho thickof the fight admitted that

THE ENEMY* FOUGHT WELLthis morning. "They fought every yard ofthe way," said one. "There was no 'handsup' about it this morning." Certainly,nearly all the prisoners I saw were a hefty-looking lot. There were a great number ofwounded Germans. One saw them beingcarried in by our and their own stretcher-bearers and infantry, while German stretcher-bearers also were carrying in our wounded.

We must have got between 300 and 400prisoners. The majority of them seemed tobe only too glad to be done with the war.^

To-day was hot sunshine,., and trafficpoured along the country roads in clouds ofdust, sometimes as thick as a London fog.

To-night there is a thunderstorm away inthe direction of Longueval. The enemy

I were blowing up their ammunition dumps,j and great columns of smoke rose from be-

! hind the crest of the ridge, 1000ft in thej air. Six dumps went up one after another.

OTAGO WITNESS. September 4, 1918.18

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From an airman who came down with abullet through his petrol tanks we gatheredthat the enemy transport away back alongtheir roads were in a state of

CONGESTION AND DISORGANISA-TION.

It was being continually harassed by ourlong-range guns and aircraft. Their methodof staying our advance also gives proof ofdisorganisation, as units are being pushedin here and there, irrespective of their regi-ments.

• FAVREUIL TAKEN.August 26.

The heavy rain in the night turned thedusty roads" into rivers of mud, and in thedarkness the transport with the Engishtroops had a hard time, but triumphedover difficulties.- The New Zealanders attacked again lastevening with English troops, and the vil-lage of Favreuil fell, the New Zealanderspushing ahead on the right. This bringsour men well beyond the Bapaume-Arrasroad. 'German machine gunners are still inBapaume, but the town cannot last muchlonger.

Last night we captured a naval staff-surgeon, who was visiting a regimental staff-surgeon, also the latter and a battalionmedical' officer. The last is quite a goodfellow, and is now working cheerfully withour medical service.: • ANOTHER MESSAGE.

LONDON, August 26.The weather had cleared, and the battle

was proceeding under satisfactory conditionsfor us. The• New Zealanders' operationslast night were completely successful. Eng-lish troops, advancing on our left, took thenorthern part of Favreuil, the South.Islanders going through the southern part.The latter also took Monument Wood,and then pushed -on to the Bapaume-Beugnatre road. Progress towards Bapaume•was difficult, owing to the heavy machine-gun fire. The Bavarian troops opposite usfought tenaciously.'' The North Island Bri-

■ gado on the right were holding a line, anddid not have serious fighting.

This morning the Rifles, who had come upto push out patrols to Hill 35, came intotouch with the enemy. Our troops alsocleared up the Bapaume railway siding forthe main operation. There was a heavybombardment from our artillery.

Since the battle began we have capturedbetween 4000 and 50C0 prisoners" in terri-tory from which the enemy has been driven.MUCH AMMUNITION AND MATERIALhas been left behind, but not many guns.We have, however, captured some guns.One of our batteries turned some 5.9 gunsround, and for a considerable part of theday we have been firing the enemy's ownammunition on his position and retreatingtroops. Yesterday the enemy shelled heavily.Grevillers and other positions we had taken.He also fired gas shells, but owing to ourdispositions all this shelling had hut littleeffect. To-day his stores on the Bapaume-Albert-Peronno line are burning, andnumerous fires can be seen "behind his lines..Dead men and horses lie along the roads at•Miraumont and Irles, and his dug-outs—to■which he set fire at Miraumont—are stillsmouldering. Identifications show that hisunits are jumbled up, and that there ismuch disorganisation. Late in the afterndonp watched a flight of 18 planes going over.To add to this, in the region of Bapaume anaval division has been in action against us.'A battalion medical officer whom we cap-tured has'been takeninto one of our medi-cal messes, and is doing good work attend-ing to wounded German prisoners. _ TheBavarian Division that fought so well is onethat was relieved at Ypres in July.

August 27;j

Fierce fighting continues in the vicinityof Bapaume, which is, proving one oftoughest nuts to . crack

_

on all this front.'j In a commanding position, and admirably

suited for defence, with its dug-outs andcellars, it enables the enemy to make astubborn defence. Both the ruined townand its environs areCRAMMED WITH MACHINE GUNS,

that spit furiously at our advancing troops.From the first there has been no attempt totake the town by frontal attack. The enemyis employing some of his best troops in itsdefence, and has advanced positions stronglydefended by infantry and machine guns.

At 6 o'clock last evening one battalionof the Rifle Brigade continued the attackfrom a position soiith of Favreuil towardsthe Bapaume Cambrai road. Our men ad-vanced gallantly behind an artillery barrage,but before they had gone far they came■up against a perfect hail of machine-gunbullets. No troops could stand up againstsuch a furious fire, and they had to fallback to their former positions. Neverthe-less, the battalion took a heavy of theenemy during his counter-attack, which wasdelivered by 16 Bavarian regiments, who

.are sturdy fighters. The enemy knows only■too well the value of the position he holdsin and about Bapaume, and apparently hemean.s to hold it ,

TO THE LAST EXTREMITY.To-day there has been strong machine-gun

resistance from beyond ,Bapaume, but tho.New Zealanders have riot for the presentcontinued their attack. At 11 a.m., how-'ever, we watched from Grevillers an at-tack towards Ligny-Thiolly, south of Ba-paume, by other troops. Our guns, wellforward, were" pouring in a. terrific fire, andone continuous line of smoke arose fromtthe bursting shells. While this attack wasproceeding the enemy angrily replied -withhis guns, and numbers dashed past us under'shell fire at a hand gallop along the road toGrevillers. This afternoon there was a de-structive bombardment by,our heavy gunson trenches and positions held by the enemyin front of the New Zealanders.

Water in all this country is scai-ce, buta good supply has been found, and the NewZealand Field Engineers are doing magnifi-cent work erecting troughs and pumpingplant and making roads to relieve tho con-gestion. This work they voluntarily under-took, not only for our own troops but forothers as well. There thousands of animalsare watered daily, and motor tanks carrysupplies forward and to the rear. Ourammunition and supply columns

CONTINUE AT THEIR BEST,iwhilo our medical services have attended toand cleared our own and other wounded>vith remarkable celerity.

Our Tunnellers are working in a mannerjfchat should make their friends (the WestCoast miners) very proud of them. Men£rom the entrenching group aro also doinggood work with pick and shovel. Behindthe lines in forward areas, •where but a veryJew days ago were enemy guns, campshave sprung up in a most marvellous man-ner, and there is traffio for hours alongroads that have been hurriedly mendedafter battery shellfae from both our ownand enemy guns. Every day thousands of

tons of ammunition are fired from theguns of our corps.

Wo have captured a secret order issuedto the army regarding a

SERIOUS FOOD SHORTAGEin Germany. The troops are urged to makeevery effort to save food, and horses whenkilled are to be promptly bled and disem-bowelled and the carcases taken to anamed depot.

A DASHING BIT OF WORK.

SPLENDID LEADERSHIP ANDINITIATIVE.

FRANCE, August 29.- The capture of Loupart Wood and enemy

positions in that vicnity by the New Zea-landers was a most dashing bit oi wont.It was accomplished by North Island troops.The Wellington troops attacked this wood,and the Auckland men marohed on Ure-

villers", other Wellington troops being inclose support ready to fill up any gapsthat might occur. *>

The troops were on the move by a.m.in pitch darkness, and, proceeded towardan assembly point that none of them Hadever previously seen. From there theyhad to go forward to an objective thathad not been reconnoitred. '

The troops made no error in getting tothe assembly point, and at 4.15 a.m. stillin pitch darkness, they had taken threeparts of Grevillers and were in LoupartWood. By the afternoon they were on then-final objectives.

,.

For some time there was trouble fromthe neighbouring village of Biefvillers. Onecompany of a Wellington battalion with afew Aucklanders was therefore diverted toattack and .capture of Biefvillers. AnotherNew Zealand unit also co-operated splen-didly in the capture of this village, whichenabled our troops to continue their ad-vance through the rest of 'Grevillers.

In this brilllint enterprise the New Zea-landers captured a large number otprisoners, a battery of 5.9 ,guns, a numberof other guns, and many machine guns.;

The remarkable feature of the operationwas the celerity with which it was plannedand carried out. There was not time toput a single order on paper, and the posi-tions were stormed in darkness without thefiling of a single round from the artillery.Both leadership and initiative must havebeen splendid to enable our troops to getthere.

OCCUPATION OF BAPAUME.The New Zealanders have taken Bapaume.

Early thi3 morning our patrols entered theoutskirts of the town. North Island troopsare now right through the town, and push-ing 011 apparently with little resistance tromthe enemy, who, having been so severelyhandled in the previous fighting, eventuallyhad to get out.

August 29 (noon).The Rifles share with the North Island

troops the honour of getting throughBapaume this morning. The former wentthrough on the north side and the latteron the south, the two units meeting at thebrickworks on the eastern side. Bothbrigades are now . marching forward ingreat heart on Fremieourt and Bancourt.The day is fins, with sunshine and a dry-ing wind.

August 29 (8 p.m.)Pressing beyond Bapaume, x our troops

went on till they found the enemy holdinga trench line on the hi#h ground north-west of Beagny. They are now close tothe villages of Beugnatro, Ormiscourt, andBancourt, which arc more than a milebeyond Bapaume, on its eastern side.

To-day on the battlefield one saw some-thing of the war of movement. A gallopacross country unfolded exhilarating scenes.Our transport was already pouring up intothe new territory we had occupied, and thevarious headquarters had moved up to theadvanced positions. These* are dry, buthave scant accommodation, and one findsmajor-generals sleeping at night in theirvalises on the bare ground. The officersare established in dugouts in which .thereis scarcely room to turn. But everyone isworking cheerfully and tirelessly to main-tain the initiative we now possess.

Riding to-day well north of Bapaumewe saw our howitizers beng rushed alonga road. They were being, towed by motorlorries. Some enemy planes flyinglow over us, and immediately there was afusillade of machine gun and rifle bullets.German shells were now bursting inBapaume and along the old parts, but ourmen are beyond the town. Near our newheadquarters was a group of prisoners cap-tured in advance by the Rifle Brigade.They were Saxons. A company officer saidthey had been cut off by our machine gunfire. His oorporal and others had beenkilled, and they had to surrender to theNow Zealanders. He himself was a Dres-den man, and had learned English froman English friend who used to play" tenniswith him. Ho thought that the Germanintention was to retire to the Hindcnburgline.'

Among the booty captured by us thismorning were two 15-centimetre guns andfive horses. »

ADDITIONAL VILLAGES CAPTURED.LONDON, August 30.

At an early hour this morning we wereawakened by the continuous thunder ofartillery. It was tho signal for a renewalof the attack by the New Zealanders.With their almost irresistible dash and un-daunted courage they followed the heavybarrage, heading straight for two morevillages—Fremicourt and Baucourt, wellbeyond Bapaume. There had been rainin the night, and at 5 a.m., when theyadvanced, it was cold and raw. It wasnot long before Fremicourt, though it waswell garrisoned, had fallen to the Rifles,with an excellent bag of 240 prisoners. Ontheir left English troops co-operated in theattack. To the south was the smaller vil-lage of Baucourt. The capture of this waaallotted #to the North Island troops, onwhose right were other English troops pro-tecting their flanks. This attack also suc-ceeded, and both attacking forces at oncebegan to rush to objectives further ahead.The enemy had, however, established them-selves in high ground beyond the village,and had prepared strongly to contest theposition. They still have their artillery instrength beyond the crest of the ridge, asso far they have lost few guns in the fight-ing here.

PROGRESS OF THE WARBRITISH OFFICIAL REVIEW

WELLINGTON, September 2.The following telegraphic review of the

general war situation for the week endedAugust 30 has been received by the ActingPrime Minister:

On the British front the advance has beencontinued along tho whole Jine from theSomme to the Scarpe. On the left flank,north Oif the Scarpe, Gavreiles and Arleux-en-Gobelle have been captured. South of theScarpe we gamed Oherisy and JL'Oncaine lesCroisilles. These places have never yetbeen in British hands. Our advance herecarried us two miles cast of the furthest linoever reached in 1917. Most important pro-gress was made by the French between Royeand tho Disc. Bapaume iias fallen to tneBritish and Noyon to the French.

it seems evident tht the enemy intendsretiring to a shorter line, so as to obtainbetter defensive positions and economisetroops. Probably he will retire to the Hin-denourg line, but will endeavour to post-pone this course until the weather rendersactive operations impracticable. lie willprobably make a stand west of the Hin-denburg line. Events will show whetherhe will be allowed to retire gradually, ac-cording to plan. The British advance oneither side of the Scarpe is already aserious threat to this'line. The,enemy can-not allow us to advance much further herewithout endangering his gradual retirement.This explains the determined resistance onthis part of the front. The British advance,therefore, is highly important, though itsultimate effect is not yet known.. Theenemy resistance is very unequal. Somedivisions have exhibited their old deter-mination; others have-surrendered freely.It is necessary to guard' against exaggeratedexpectations of a German collapse. .Never-theless the fighting of the past monthshows a-notable •"

DETERIORATION IN GERMAN-MORALE,

increasing indiscipline, insubordination, anddisobedience to orders.

An estimate of the German total lossesin dead from the beginning of the war islargely conjectural, but the figureis certainlywed over two millions. Between August21 and 26 the British captured 21,C00 pris-oners. 'Our total losses only slightly exceedthis figure. The total captured by theBritish sinco August 8 exceeds 47,C00, andthe guns captured total over 500. TheAllied captures since July 18 exceed ICO,OCO,with probably nearly 2000 guns.

The .officially-inspired German press stillexplain uway the Allied offensive. . DrSolf's recent speech indicates the GermanGovernment's change of temper. Br Soliasserted that in 1914 the struggle withBritain was for the spoils of victory, whichmust be -no light ones. His tone now wasmore conciliatory. He repudiated any in-

tention of remaining in Belgium, paid liphomage to the League of Nations, and dis-covered apparently that intemationl lawwas a burning question for humanity. Atthe recent meeting of the Emperors of theCentral Powers

NO FINAL POLISH AGREEMENTwas reached. Each hopes to obtain Polishsupport, but agrees to permit a choice tothe Poles. Austria offers Austrian andRussian Poland to Germany on an ex-tended frontier at the expense of Russiaand Lithuania. The results of these nego-tiations as published are that Germany sproposals are not accepted by the Austrmns.Count Burian advocates the incorporationof Poland with Galicia as part of the Haps-burg Monarchy. German Democrats objectto this multinlication of thrones dependenton the Hohenzollern nod is likely to causefuture complications due to the unsatis-fied aspirations of the democracies con-cerned. , _ ■ ,The' visit of the Mayor of London toItaly has had a beneficial effect_ upon therelations getween the two countries. Greatfriendliness towards Great Britain was mani-fested in his reception. -

Returning from the front on Monday,M. Clemenccau issued a hopeful and in-

spiring message to the presidents of depart-mental councils.

Profound regret was expressed by theForeign Secretary on the retirement of Mr

Page. Leading English journals pay hand-come tributes to the ex-Ambassador's work

August 28 was the anniversary ofRumania's entry into the war. Despite DrSolf's assertion that Rumania s happinesswould have been attained by neutrality, theRumanians are hopeful. They regard thewar as a natural sequel to their nationaldevelopment, and are confident of an ulti-mate Allied victory.

The past week was notable for a largenumber of raids by British airmen m Bel-gium and the Rhine provinces. There was

air fighting of considerable' intensity onthe western front. British airmen took aprominent and successful part in the recentfighting in France. Besides an immensenumber of photographic reconaissances andbombing raids, and contact, with patrolwork, thev

RENDERED INVALUABLE ASSIST-ANCE

throughout the battle by harassing the re-treating enemy from tho air, silencing im-pending batteries, attacking isolated centresof resistance from a low height with machineguns and supplying ammunition by air toadvanced British units. British airmen alsoattacked tho important railway junctions ofDouai, Valenciennes, Marcoing, Cambrai,and Sommain, causing much damage anddelay. Over 200 tons of bombs weredropped on the western front; 95 enemymachines were destroyed, and 39 broughtdown during the week. Thirty-four Britishmachines are reported missing. There wasceaseless British air activity in the northerncoastal region. Bruges docks were raidednine times, and good results were observed,destructive fires being started among thedock buildings. Successful raids were alsomade on the important military objectivesof Zeebrugge, Ostend, Middelkerke,Westende, Mariakorke, Maraintol, St.Pierre Capelle, the Zeebrugge-Bruges canal,Oostacker, and Ghistollo.

The R.A.F. Independent Force carriedout 30 separate raids into German territory,attacking an enemy aerodrome at Boulay,the railway triangle at Metz-Sablons,chemical factories at Mannheim, an aero-drome at Buhl, the railway triangle ofTreves, railway station at Frankfort, bar-racks and station at Cologne, ohemical fac-tory at Saaralbe, aerodrome atFolperswciler,the station at Ler Luxembourg, etc. Ex-tensive damage resulted. Sheds and han-gars were fired at Folperswei; fires andexplosions were observed at Saaralbe. Twotons of bombs were dropped in a singleraid on Mannheim, explosions occasioningextensive fires at the poison gas factory.Attacks in a second Mannheim raid were

delivered from tho low height of 200ft,British airmen narrowly avoiding collisionwith the factory chimneys. All Britishmachines safely returned, despite a heavyanti-aircraft fire.

British airmen have also been activethroughout tho week in the Mediterraneanand Eastern theatres, dropping many bombsand firing many thousand rounds of machinegun ammunition with good effect. Nineenemy machines were destroyed, one drivendown; two British machines are reportedas missing.

SAFE RIFLED.AUCKLAND, September 1.

The second safe exploding incident withineight days was reported to the police yes-terday, the premises of the New ZealandBacon Company, known as Dimock's, beingentered, and about £3O in cash was taken,and cheques in addition, which were foundnot far away in the cash box.

4, 1918. OTAGC WITNESS. 19

The Tapamu, Clinton, and Waikalca dis-tricts have decided to combine for a newAnglican pariah, and it is expected to havea resident clergyman about the end ofnext month.

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». A bottle Of "Uion" BrllllaHtlne, whloh elves a ?jl Drug Scores and general dealers throughout"nalteiuea of eaauty to tho hair, and la oapoolaily New Zealand. -Mw-Ju.-anetMal to those vAoaa soaip is Inclined to be dry. Or by port on recVptofpricedirect from Bdwarda4. Aooay ol "Halr-Drlil" Inatraotion Manual. Ifcrlene. Ltd., W> -26 Lamb .Conduit St London.

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note: to reader.Writs your full name and address

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Otago Witness.

All-British

Our forefathers were excellent judges of what was good forthem—a remedy became famous because it cured the complaint itwas intended to cure. So fame came to the firm of manufacturingchemists who, at their works in Lancashire in England, prepareda successful remedy for Rheumatism, Gout, Lumbago and Sciatica.People in those days did not' take long journeys to foreignwatering-places when they were ill—they took the " Kruschen"course in their own homes, and got well all the sooner in conse-quence. Kruschen Salts is invaluable in all cases of Constipation,and in Liver and Kidney disorders generally. To get fit thereis nothing like Kruschen Salts—it gives an abounding .sense ofvigour and vitality that is in keeping with the spirit of the, day.

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Ask for Wolfe's Schnapps—it is the onlygenuine article bearing that name- ■■ -

THE ROLL OF HONOUR.NEW ZEALAND CASUALTIES.In the following list of casualties, when the rank

is not appended, the soldier is a private (infantry),trooper (mounted), sapper (engineers), gunner(artillery), or rifleman (N.Z. Rifle Brigade).Where (M) appears it indicates that his wife wasgiven as noit-of-kin where that is not specified.

KILLED IN ACTION.

OTAGO INFANTRY.HANDLE, WALTER HENRY (Mrs W.

Randle, Mataroa; mother).HISLOP, WILLIAM AITCHESSON (Mrs

A. Hislop, Stirling, mother).M'KBCHNIE, HERBERT (Mr J. M'Kechnie,

North roaid, Invercargill, father).SWANN, GEO. (Mr D. Swann, 13 Helena

street, South Dunedin, father).CARR, JOHN (Mrs M. Williams, Kaitieke,

sister). .

AUCKLAND I NFANTRY.—I,inton, Andrew Wm.,Sergt., Te Awamutu; Hutchinson, Robert, Auck-land; Nobb, Thomas ■ Charles, New Plymouth;Parquhar, George, Scotland; Munro, John Camp-bell, Waimate.

WELLINGTON INFANTRY.—Seddon, RichardJohn, Captain, Wellington; Collier, William,Woodville; Broadhead, Ben, Haiti; Wright, Goo.Henry, L.-oph, Poxton.

CANTERBURY INFANTRY.—Brown, Wm. Lloyd(Mr A. J. Brown, Dunedin, father); Black,Georgs, Waimate; Heap, Thomas, England;M'Olelland, William Thomas, Sergt.. Winchester;Gurlin, Harold James, New Plymouth.

HEADQUARTERS..—Stuart, William Alexander,Sec.-lieut. (Mr J. Stuart, Highcliff, father);Henry, Clancy Edmund (Mrs M. Henry, Mataura,mother).

RIFLE BRlGADE.—Robertson, Thomas Gilbert,Lieut. (Mrs E. T. Robertson, St. Clair) ; Brown,

.Thos., Lieut., Military- Cross (Mrs J. Brown,Invercargill, mother); Hart, Athol, Sec.-lieut.,Takapuaa; Rohan, Martin Driscoll, T/Sergt.(M), Epsom.

DIED FROM WOUNDS.OTAGO INFANTRY.

-JONES, RHYS PUW (Mrs S. Jones, Shan-non, mother).

SANDS, ROBERT FREDK. (Mr R. Sands,Winton, father).

M'DONNELL, RANDOLPH (Mr J. McDon-nell, Bald Hill Flat, father).

PARKER, LEWIS JAS. KENYON (Mr J.Parker, Wellsford, father).

STRAW, JAS. HOLMES. Second Lieutenant(Mrs H. Straw, Wakefield).

FREED, EDWARD VICTOR, Captain,Military Cross (Mi's G. E. Simon, Papa-nui. sister).

DON. GEORGE MARSHALL. Lieutenant(Mr J. Don, Windsor, father).

ALEXANDER, GEORGE FRANCIS (MrsE. Alexander, Cave).

RIFLE BRIGADE. —Gordon, Aldwyn Remington,Sec.-lieut. (Mr R. G. Gordon, Roslyn, father);Davidson, -Tahn, Kapuni; Hawkins, C. Thos. (M),Napier; Hoult, Vernon Philip Marie, Nelson;Williams, Cyril Ernest, L.-opl., Kaitoko; Evin-son, Predk. Richard, Te Karaka; Kroger, Henry,Wavcrley; Thomson, Arnold (M), Sec.-lieut.,Hawera.’

AUCKLAND INFANTRY.—Leitoh, Peter (Mr P.Leitch, Kuri Bush, father); Blake, George, Puke-kohe; Houston, Albert Cyril, Miingonui; Heap,John Reland, England.

CANTERBURY INFANTRY. —A ck33y d, Abram.,England; Grantley, Erie, England; Kcstcvcn,Douglas Lighbon (M), Lieut., Biccartou; Pearce,John Joseph Langley, Sec.-lieut., Timaru;Kelly, William John, lioylcston; Briggs, Joseph,Wailiao Downs.

WELLINGTON INFANTRY.—O'SuIIivan, Gcp. Dos-

mond, Sec.-lieut., Wellington; Templeton, James,Albert Town; Best, Predk. Jas. Dannevirke;Nicholson, Peter, L.-cpl., England; Roil, Ray-mond James, L.-cpl., Mangamuire.

ARTILLERY.—Sign, Jack Victor, England; Clark,Henry George, Military Medal, Mount Eden.

22ND : CQRPS MOUNTED REGIMENT.—ButIer,Patrick, Medbnrv.

MACHINE GUN"

CORPS.—Lewis, George Thos.(M). Linwood.

ENTRENCHING BATTALION.—Greenwell, John,England.

DIED FROM SICKNESS.OTAGO INFANTRY.

TORRANCE, ROBERT GORDON, Sergeant(Mrs C. Torrance, Park terrace, Dmi-

, edin, mother).WELLINGTON INFANTRY.—JarreIt, William,

Oaonui.CANTERBURY INFANTRY. Wade, John,

Temnka. '

ARTILLERY.—Simmons, Geo. Henry, Kingsdown.

DIED IN NEW ZEALAND.

CAMEL CORPS—Kidd, Arthur Preston, NewPlymouth.

MISSING.AUCKLAND INFANTRY. Taylor, Raymond,

Warkworth.

WOUNDED.OTAGO INFANTRY.

RYAN, JAMES (Mr M. Ryan, Waitahuna,brother).

BEENNAN, RICHARD MORTIMER, Lance-,corporal (Mr F. Brennan, Upper Junc-tion, Dunedin, father). .

CAMERON, DONALD ALLAN (Mrs H.Cameron, Greenock street, Kaikorai).

HARDY, ROBERT STEVENSON (Mis E.Hardy, Ocean Beach Hotel, Dunedin).

PETTIGREW, Ji?MES ALEXANDER (MrG. Pettigrcw, Reefton, father).

GARFORTH, ARTHUR JOHN, Lance-cor-poral (Mrs H. Garfoith, Gore, mother).

HOLDEN, HUGH M'COLL, Lieutenant (MrsI. Holden', Henderson, mother).

SANDERS, JOHN REGINALD, SecondLieutenant (Mrs J. Sanders, College -street,Caversham, mother). _

"feTURZAKER, NORMAN GEORGE, Corporal(Mrs -*. Humphries, New South Wales,aunt).

AUCKLAND I NFANTRY.—Patterson, John, Morn-ingside; Bell, William Sunday, Glenmurray;Ryan. Ralph, Ellerslie.

WELLINGTON I NFANTRY.—Dysart, Patk. Geo.,L.-cpl. (Mrs W. Dysart, "Milton, mother);M'Farland, William John, L.-cpl. (Mrs J.M'Farland, Dunedin, mother); Askew, Stanley(M), Manakau; Coleman, Albert John, Pattima-hoe: Gilbert, Hugh P., Crpl., Te Kuiti; Brough,Charles Joseph, Stratford; Germaine, James;Twomev, Walter John, Petonn: O'Sullivan, Des-mond, 'Sec.-lieut., Wellington; Stevens, Edward(M), Napier.

CANTERBURY INFANTRY.—Knox, Hobt. HenryJoyoe, Otaki; Ralston, William James, Timaru;Annals, George, Temnka; Cresswell, Arthur Ed-ward, Marlborough; Kennedy, William, Christ-church.

RIFLE BRIGADE.—Managh, Sandy Nelson Sec.-lieut., D.C.M., Ilalcombe; Elder, Paul Austin,Captain, Wellington; Leaner, Harry Bertram,Sec.-lieut., Wellington.

ARTILLERY.—AIIan, John (Mr J. Allan, Green-field); Begg. James Scott Denley, Kohukohu;Harrison, Thomas, Winchester; M'Kay, Benja-min, Crpl.. Ashburtou.

MACHINE GUN CORPS.—Boreham, Waller Denis,Sergt. (Mr S. Bnreham, Dunedin, father); Sides,Henry .Tamo?, L.-cpl., Timaru; Chaytor, Lau-rence Clervaux, Major, Military Cross, SpringCreek.

MEDICAL CORTS.—M'Alpine, Alan Thomas,Christchurch.

MAORI CONTINGENT.—EIers, Rungi, Masterton;Carroll, Turi, Crpl., Wairoa.

WOUNDED; ADMITTED TOHOSPITAL.

OTAGO INFANTRY.WTLLETT, CHARLES ALFRED. (Mrs. E.

"Wilktt, Svdenharn, mother).M'CAUGHAN," JAS. MORRISON. (Mt R.

M'Caughan, Mataura, father).O'BlxfcNß, AMBROSE, Corporal (Mrs F.

O'Bvrne, Invcrcargill, rnother).CUNNINGHAM, STANLEY GEORGE (Mrs

F. E. Cunningham, Tikorangi, mother).BAIRD, DAVID LINDSAY (Mrs T. Baird,

Invcrcargill, mother).CHATFIELD. ALFRED WM.. (Mrs Chat-

field, Walter avenue, Dunedin, mother).LAINCHBURY, CHAS. ERNEST (Mrs W.

Lainchbury, Clifton, mother).PIPER, ALFRED CHAS. (Mr E. Piper,

Oamaru, father).GEE, ALBERT, Corpora.l (Mr L. Gee,

Riversdale, brother).AUCKLAND I NFANTRY.—Rice, William John,

Waihi; Sinclair, Herbert, L.-sgt., Gisborne;Heap, John Roland, England; Tattersall, HenryJames, Palmerston North; Madill, Adam, StanleyBay; Odium, Charles Eichard, Kmgsland;Anderson, Albert, L.-cpl., Ellerslie; Blair,- OliverSextus, Manuriui: Cruller, Reuben, Grey Lynn;Malins, James Victor, Hamilton; Handley, Patk.James, Wharepoa; Patterson, Arthur John, L.-cpl., Auckland; Findlay, Alexander, Tauranga;M'Causiand, Alexander John (M), Whangarci;Fletcher, William Jbsejth, New South Wales;Grigg, James Isaac, Whitford; Thorpe, JamesBurton, London; Gibson, Alexr. James, Manu-tuke; Wood, Svflnev, Capt., England; Davsh,Walter Poland.

WELLINGTON INFANTRY.—BIack, John Teer(.Mrs M. E. Black, Balclutha, mother); Irwin,Thomas Nellie, Morrinsville; Bobson, James, L.-cpl., Owhango; Burson, Joseph Albert, Wan-ganui; Hickton, Archibald Campbell, L.-cpl.,Palmerston North; Mackay, Frederick John,Northcote; Buwdcn, Alex John, Australia;11'Leod, John Edward, Whangarei Heads;Cairns, David, Tasmania; O'Kcefe, Michael, Kel-son; Innocent, Thomas, England; Bobson, AllanBailev, Paeroa; Harris, Herbert, Pahautanui.

CANTERBURY INFANTRY.—Jack, John Ferrguson (Mr A. R. Jack, Balclutha, father); Fer-guson, James (Miss H. J. Ferguson, Lawrence,sister); Thorogood, Arthur Stephen. England;Hutt, Charles Leslie, Alford Forest; Milligan,He.ury Wm.; Went, Wilfred Haiold, New Brigh-ton; Forgie, William John Macintosh, Pergt., St.Albans; Grant, James, Spreydon; Masterton,James, Howick; Cowens, Robert James, L.-cpl.,Hastings; Wilson, Joseph Vivian, Lieut., Fen-daHon; Taylor, Ralph Edgar, Sec.-Jieut., New-ton; Buddo, Colin David, Sec.-heut., Rangiora ;Armstrong, Archibald John, Ashburton; Brown,Matthew, St. Albans; Hill, Reginald (M), Ash-burton; Lindtiom, Ernest Robert, Cobden;M'Swiggan, James, Linwoon; O'Brien, StephenJoseph, Christchurch; Sowmnn. Harold AlfredJohn, Blenheim; Tritt, Leonard Fredk., Sergt.,Oxford; Wheeler, Henry Matthew, Major, Ted-dington; Murphy, William, Chatham Islands;Batty, Leslie Francis, Patutahi; M'Kenzie. JohnWariieford Wilmer (M), 'Wellington; Miller, Ed-ward, Hastings; O'Sullivan, Edward, Thorndon;Pritchard. Herbert Norman, Mangaweka; Swen-son, Martin, Taihape; Wilson, John Thomas,Lower Hutt.

ARTILLERY.—DriscoII, Joseph (if), Burnett'sFace; Symonds, Ronald . Leonard, Omihi;Oouzens, Francis Edward Oliver, Lyell Bay;Edmonds, Clifton Ernest, Queensland; Greves,Archibald Kirk, Hastings; Kay, George, Eng-land; Kjestrnp, James Alexander, Rangitaumau;Long, Frank Richard, Lower Hutt; Sharp, Thos.Wm., Crpl., England; Martin, Reginald Harry,Sergt., England; Milne, Philip Alexander, Sergt.,Green Meadows; Purkes, George William Mur-ray, Crpl.. Upper Hutt.

MACHINE GUN CORPS.— Campion. William John,Crpl. (Mr U. K. Campion, fiore, father) ; Munro,Danard lan Douglas (Mrs J. P. Mumo, Kurow,

mother); Windeler, Daniel Henry (Mrs M. I.Windeler, South Dunedin, wile);' Denbow, Ceo.Herbert, Masterton; Mattocks, George Thomas,New-market; Palmer, Sydney James Score,"Remuera; Fry, .Sydney," Devonport; O'Brien,Richard, Ponsonby; Harrison, John Kenrick,Sergt., New• Plymouth; Mogg. William James,England; Clark,"Philip Henry, Cambridge; Allen,Stephens Shepherd! Lieut.-colonel, D.5.0., Piako;Cooper, Vaughan Collet, Lieut., Parnell; Hewitt,Edward John Leslie, Lieut., Norlhcnte; Carna-han, William Henry, Sec.-lieut., Birkenhead;Peace, Andrew Vernon, See.-lient., Auckland.

ENGINEERS.—WeII., George Skottowe (Mr J. S.Webb, Roslvn, father): Browning. Cecil ArthurJohn, L.-cpi. (Mr A. Browning, Roslvn, father);Pace, George Phillip, Richmond.

ENTRENCHING BATTALION.—Watson, WilliamHenrv (Miss E. Waddcll, Bluff).

RIFLE BRIGADE.—Brown, Arthur (Mrs Hollan-der, Caversham); Little, Thomas Stevenson (MrT. S. Little, Windsor, father); Mathieson, Alex.(Mrs J. Mathieson. Anderson's Bay, wife);Murphy, Peter (Mrs P. Murphy, Clinton, wife);O'Shannessy, Thomas (Mrs C. O'Shannessy,Loehiel, mother); Wilson, Jas. Hastie (Mrs E.Church, Long Bush, sister); Hallett, Jas. Scott(Mr B. Hallett, Waikonaiti, father); Lines,Harry, L.-sgt. (Mrs A. O'Kane, Invercargill);Murray, Robert Noble (Mr R. Murray, inver-cargill') ; Taylor, Jonas (Mrs D. Taylor, Ma-taura); Alloo, Howard Cecil, Sec.-lient. (Mr W.Alloo. Dunedin, father); Frascr, Morris Napier,Sec.-lieut. (Mrs E. Fraser, Musselburgh) ; Harri-son, William Edward (Mrs F. Harrison, PortChalmers, wile); Ballantine, Thomas (Mr H.Ballantine, Owaka, father); M'Gregor, JohnWvlie, Grev Lvnn;" Stewart, Hugh, Auckland;Rovlee, Arthur, Linwood; Ward, Albert Win.,Waipukurare; Boon, William James. England;Cain, Robert Matthew, Knnieri; Douglas. GeorgeHenrv. Sergt., Opawa; Douglas, Kenneth, Scot-land; Ellison, John Holland, Sumner; Nettle-ton,Herbert, St. Albans; Sommcrville, Walter, Bel-fast; Norton. Edwin Alwin Bernard, L.-cpl.,Ponsonbv; Malone, Patrick, Lowlher; Sharlock,John. Marshland; Roberts, Arthur James, West-port; Stephenson. Peter Joseph Stanley, Paroa;Brown, Frances William (M),*»New Plymouth;

■ Moar, Herbert. Pohangina; Smith, Sydney Thos.(M), Ohakune; Veiteh. Andrew. Tasmania; Wat-kirn Jasper Daniel, Huiroa; Critoph, CharlesRobert, England; Mills. William James, L.-cpl.,Russell; Candwell, Rereival Augustus, GreyLvnn; Armstrong. John. Kaknr-amea; Brakhagc,Charles; Campbell, Duncan Graham (M), Wel-lington; Jeffrey, James Charles, Sergt., London;Lemberg, Frederick Emil, Hukanui; Loekhart,Ralph M'Lintock, L.-cpl., Hawera; M'Kinlny,Ernest Edwd.,- L.-cpl., Papatawa ; Oliver, Ernest,James, Napier; Barker, William Henry (M),Nanier; Peckham, William George (M), Danne-virke; Penson, Robert Arthur (M), Hawera;Pilson., Richard Edward Henry, Napier;Smeddles, Benjamin, Vancouver; Smith, Eli,Hastings; Thompson, Arthur Richard, L.-cpl. fWcllington; Williams, Richard Dow, Ofcane;Barton, Archibald Charles; Gibson, John Ed-mund, Birkenhead; Hamilton, Teter Harold,Auckland; James, Thomas William, Waerenga;Pearson, Wilfred Ivan, Ohaeawai; Sambridge,Harold, England; Smith. Edwin, Ponsonby;Smith, John James, Matakana; Wells, Charles,Coromandel; Yearbury, Robert Theophilus. NorthAuckland; Dixon, Samuel, Otahuhu; Pkclton,James Henry, Auckland; Stacey, John Joseph,Ponsonbv; Merer, Ernest August, Waimate;Dalv, Micha-ol "David, Hinds; Lattimore.- John,Mer'ivale; Walles. Cvril William. Christchurch;Banks, Bernard Wilson, Christchurch; Giddy,Reginald Walter, Bell Block; Lawrence. Charles,England; Martin, John Thomas, Woodville;Towers. Bertie James. Normanbv. ■

ARMY SERVICE CORPS.—Evan's, Oliver, Crpl.(Mrs A. Evaais, South Dunedin, mother).

MAORI CONTINGENT.—M'Gregor, John Henry,Auckland; Edwards, Miek, Wairoa.

WOUNDED SLIGHTLY: REMAININGWITH UNIT.

. OTAGO INFANTRY-HASTINGS, JAMES HENRY . (Mr H,

Hastings, Roseneath, "Wellington).AUCKLAND. INFANTRY.—Manning, George Max-

welU Mount Eden; Miller, Hugh, Sec.-lieut,Wellington; Rufford. Albert, Sydney; Stone,Cvril Edmund, Auckland.

MAORI CONTINGENT. Puhirere, Hemotata,Motco; Tehatu, Tati. L.-cpl., Whakar-ewarewa;Sketter, George Daniel, Waihi; Karauria, Make,Wairoa.

OFFICIAL CORRECTIONS.PREVIOUSLY REPORTED. MISSING AND BE-

LIEVED TO BE KILLED; NOW REPORTEDKILLED IN- ACTION.

AUCKLAND INFANTRY.—Stanton, Alfred Little-dyke, Fairburn.

PREVIOUSLY REPORTED PRISONER OF WAR;NOW REPORTED PRISONER OF WAR ANDWOUNDED.

WELLINGTON I NFANTflY.—Kenny, Albert HenryGordon, Manutahi.

PREVIOUSLY REPORTED DIED FROMWOUNDS; NOW REPORTED WOUNDEDAND PRISONER OF WAR IN GERMANY.

ENTRENCHING BATTALION.—Jones, FrancisHenry, L.-cpl., Auckland.

PREVIOUSLY REPORTED WOUNDED AND AD-MITTED TO HOSPITAL: NOW REPORTEDSLIGHTLY WOUNDED AND REMAININGWITH UNIT.

OTAGO INFANTRY.—M'Kay, George Alexander(Mrs P. King, Waianiwa).

PREVIOUSLY REPORTED SLIGHTLY WOUNDEDAND REMAINING WITH UNIT; NOW RE-PORTED WOUNDED AND ADMITTED TOHOSPITAL.

RIFLE BRIGADE.—Brown, Teter James, Colyton;Perston, David, Gisborne.

PREVIOUSLY REPORTED WOUNDED; NOWREPORTED NOT WOUNDED.

AUCKLAND INFANTRY. Hooper,- ReginaldCharles, Ponsonby.

WITH OTHER FORCES.CASUALTIES TO EX-NEW ZEALANDERS.

The following casualties to ex-New Zealander3serving with the overseas forces are reported forlast week :

IMPERIAL FORCES.WOUNDED; ADMITTED TO HOSPITAL.—Pow-

IiaII, K. L. .?., Lieut., Wanganui.

AUSTRALIAN FORCES.KILLED IN ACTION.—Pasco, Merlin, Eewarmi;

Morlarty, —, Crpl., Ashburtou; Clouston, Bert,Tangawai Station.

WOUNDED.—M'Oregor, Hori, Lieut. (K. M'Grogor,Milton) ; Guinev, —, Balswell.

SEVERE CASE.—Kennedy, W., St. Andrews.

GRADING OF TEACHERS.WELLINGTON, August 27.

The following teachers have been electedmembers of the Appeal Board, before whichteachers' appeals against their position onthe dominion grading list will be heard inthe various districts:—

Auckland.— Mr D. W. Dunlop and MissE. F. Hawkins.

Wanganui.—Miss Lucy Ord Mowbray.Wellington.—Mr W. L. Foster, M.A.Hawke's Bay.—Mr A. Stevenson and

Miss E. G. Dugleby.Nelson.—Mrs Kidson.

THE ALLIED OFFENSIVE.

PARTICULARS OF THEADVANCE.

TOLD BY CORRESPONDENTS.j

WONDERFUL WORK BY OURSOLDIERS.(By Cable.)

Renter's correspondent at British Headtquarters reported on. the 25th inst. :

The degree of confusion behind the rc-j treating enemy is incredible. Reinforce-j ments are hurrying up on the stop-gap

j principle, indicating that the Germans are, desperately pressed, or they ■would- notthus break up their reserves. To-day'sadvance has been in the nature of a greatsweep from Bray, on the Somme, to northof Bapaume. It is estimated that since

1 July 15 the Allied total of captured Ger-! mans has reached 180,000. "

; The New Zealanders, with tanks help-ing, had a stiff fight in clearing out theenemy from Loupart Wood, dominatingBapaume, but eventually they tookprisoner over 400.

1 ENEMY RUDELY SURPRISED. -

! The weather was boisfprous-. with heavy1 rain sqnalls. which mitigated the pro-gress, as the country is so rapidly trans-formable into mud and pools. The attackeastward of Arras carried the battle flankto the Scarpe at a moment when the eyeaof the Germans were nervously turnedelsewhere. Consequently the enemy wasrudely surprised when, in the squally,clouded moonlight, dense British wavesswept forward after only the briefestartillery preparation. A heavy ' wastage'had been caused during the last few daysby the transfer of reserves from this regiontowards the Bapaume sector. The morn-ing attack progressed most favourably.Southward of the Somme the Germansfailed in numerous counter-attacks. Theywere unable to arrest our progress wherewe determined to push it. By stormingFavreuil we have drawn half a circleround Bapaume, the exit from which isnow closed save toward Cambrai road.Our airmen report that the town is de-serted, but if undetected machine gunsmay be concealed in the ruins, at leastthe" Germans are denied the use of thisimportant centre of communication. TheAustralians apparently captured Suzanneand Cappy, and approached within 10miles of Peronne. The Welsh troops whopenetrated Mametz Wood belonged to the

; same division who took this place afterfierce fighting in July, 1916, while theMiraumont redoubts is the finest feat tothe credit of the East Lancashires.

..USING UP ENEMY RESERVES. -

Writing on the evening of the 25th, thesame correspondent adds :

It is estimated that the enemy has beepforced to use at least 70 divisions betweenthe Scarpe and the Aisne since August .8.

! Two thousand prisoners and some guns■ were captured as a .result of theI extension of the battle-front to the north -

j ward by the attack eastward of Arras.; Our progress is excellent, eonsidei'ing the

difficulties of the ground, and our casuaLties were of the lightest. A few.tanks co-operated, but perhaps it partook more ofthe character of an infantry battle thanany of the recent fighting. Northward ofthe Scarpe we merely adjusted our flank.In the course of this operation the High-

j landers occupied the famous Roeux chemi-.; cal works. The enemy Iras withdrawnj into the wooded contours eastward of1 Mcnchy-le-Preux, where they are stiffen-ing their resistance in favourable defensive

■ country, especially in Bois Du Sart andJigsaw Wood.

Meanwhile, on the Somme flank they"' are now well eastward of the Suzanne and

Cappy line, while northward of .the river, Somme they have entered Vaux Wood.

A CONCERTED ATTACK. . '

The correspondent, writing on the 27th,reports : A concerted attack on the 26thby Australians and other British troops,

: which began at 4.45 on a front of 8000j yards northward of the Somme, was com-

. pletely successful. By 10 o'clock we had' apparently overrun Moulin de Fargny,

: Maricourt, -Bernafay, and Trones Wood.

We captured hundreds of prisoners. Notthe least important of the day's successesis the clearing of Vaux Wood, whichis becoming increasingly clear. Our pres-sure is forcing the enemy to expedite hiaretreat far beyond his original intention.The talk of prisoners suggests that rear-guard fighting began on the night of

j August 24. and all enemy attacks sinceI have been in the nature of delaying actions| to cover withdrawals. At about 6 p.m.j on the 26th a determined counter-attack:was launched by the remains of the Luhdr1 (Seventeenth)- German Division, which isknown to have, lost 2600 prisoners since

. the Bth of August, irrespective of other! casualties. The Welshmen fell Back a

■ short distance before weight of numbers,I and took up a position between HighI Wood and Bazentin-le-Grand. Southwardof the Somme the Australians are carry-ing out what they call, ''peaceful penetra-

! tion," consisting of patrol. stalking, whichI is most demoralising to the harassedj enemy. The Australians advanced to Fon-

j taine-les-Capny, which only a few daysago was «, German Divisional Headquar-ters. In the Arras battle the enemyattempted to oust us from Wancourt Snur.He failed, and has since steadily lestground.• We gained valuable ground atBois du Vert (about a mile east of Monchy-le-Prenx).

ENEMY SHORT OF GUNS.Reuter's correspondent, writing on

the Bth, says : The Germans are! massing on the Bapaume-Guedecourt-

' Guillemont line, but remain conspicu-ously weak in guns, having lost

1 so manv and withdrawn others far to therear. Tho Germans are putting in bands*

20 OTAGO WITNESS. September 4, 1918.

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men, sanitary units, and road menders toreinforce the fighters. An amazing jumbleof units has been swept up from wade dis-tances to try to stem the tide.

We have captured an immense quantityof new equipment and stores. Miraumontyielded vast quantities of engineeringstores, whilst in many places we have re-taken whole ammunition, dumps aban-doned during our March retreat, and theseare proving of inestimable service to ourswiftly-advancing gunners, as well as re-

■ lieving our transport branch of one of its.heaviest tasks. It is quite easy to under-stand why the Germans are resisting east-ward of Arras, as an Allied success herewill constitute a serious strategical menaceto them.

GOOD WORK BY CANADIANS.The British, on the 26th, by hard fight-

ing in wet, mild weather, advanced east-ward of Arras, thus carrying the line amile, further east along the Scarpe thandt has ever hitherto penetrated. TheCanadians began pushing beyond Vis-en-Artois soon after daylight, after whicha second Canadian attack was deliveredon a front of five miles, fairly andevenly outflanking the Arras-Cambrairoad.The significance of the present fighting is

that it is carrying us right into themain arteries of the Hindenburg line.Croisilles was carried by the CanadianGuards in face of tremendous odds, lheCanadians have reached the old Germanline on a considerable sector, while Ablain-court and Fay are in our hands, lhe•French on the right captured Marchele-pot, which is. very close to the Somme.Northward of the "Scarpe General Home sarmy was unable to hold all its gamsin face of heavy counter-attacks fromOppy Enemy reinforcemnts were rushed

1 up by train and thrown into the struggleat headlong speed, losing heavily from ourmachine-gunning and artillery fire. Eng-lish battalions, nevertheless, hold Arleux-en-Gobelle, and the Highlanders stand

the line Plouvain-Gavrelle.The enemy are fighting spirited

rearguard actions in places, _ but itseems clear that their great desire is toget back to, a settled line of retreat asfapidly as possible. They are burning andblowing up such supplies as are too heavyto be hastily removed,

We are still within 2000 yards of theDrocourt-Queant line, but have cleared thetortuous intermediate zone of machine-gunnests, and have established an excellentdefensive flank northward of the Scarpe.

A feature of the battle is the exception-allv large number of enemy scouting aero-planes, which are fighting in big forma-tions, 22 Fokkers being counted in oneflight, and several others, comprising be-tween 15 and 20.

• RAPIDITY OF ADVANCE.Renter's correspondent at the British

Headquarters, describing the rapidity otthe advance both north and south, says :

The great British battle area for openwarfare is becoming still more open. Uiieof the most remarkable features is thepromptness with which field guns aregalloped into action far forward, and themarvellous celerity with which the heavyRun* are trundling towards the frontAcross broken and littered roads and shell-tossed country. The tanks are doinggreat work, though we are using themsomewhat sparingly. Ideal fightingweather prevails. Prisoners are incredu-lous regarding the extent of the Germanset-back all along the line, .There wasnothing particularly dramatic in the JNewZealandeW capture of Bapaume:- Theenemy offered rearguard resistance, butfinally retreated along the Cambrai roadas the New Zealanders cautiously enteredthe ruins of the town. The Australiansin several places reached the lett bankof the Somme, especially opposite theimportant village of Brie. Barge bodiesof the enemy are covering the retreat olthe main German forces.

FURIOUS STREET FIGHTING.Reuter's correspondent at the French

Headquarters reported on the 26th : Thefeature of Sunday's fighting by GeneralMan<nn's army was a German attemptto thrust the French from the heightsbetween Juvigny and Crecy-Aument. TheFrench at first yielded a little ground,but recovered it' in a brilliant counter-attack. The Germans made other futileattacks, and lost heavily as the resultof French machine-gunning and. artillery

barrage. The battlefield is covered with, German corpses.

General Debeny attacked at 5.45 a.m." on the 26th at Fresnoy le Roye,

the capture of village is announced-'in a French communique. The attack onthe village, which covers Roye from thenorth, was preceded by a heavy Frenchartillery fire. The village was stronglydefended, and the Germans desperately■resisted. Furious street fighting with'bayonets and hand grenades ensued. TheFrench repulsed several violent counter-attacks. The capture of St. Mard wasaparently the result of a brilliant littleoperation, the net result of which is a con-siderable improvement in our positionround Roye.

.

•

The captures of Fresney, CroisetteWood, and St. Mard constituted a con-siderable- achievement, because the fight-ins; occurred on old fortified lines whichthe enemy had reorganised. The Germanswere surprised at Fresney, where the

prisoners included a battalion commander.Bridges over the Avre were seized by theFrench, whose infantry, fighting waist

I dcen in water for hours, gallantly -with-stood all attempts to retake them.

Roye is completely in our hands, alsoCarrepuis and Grunv. Southwards ofRoye we hold Ronjlise and Verpilleres.The feature of this new retreat was theswiftness with which the German linebroke up, following our counter-attack atSt. Mard, on both sides of. which', when

- the French troops got the order to ad-vance, they found the enemy retreating,and the offensive changed into a pursuit.

GERMAN COUNTER-ATTACKS.Reuter's correspondent at the French

Headquarters, writing on Thursday night,says: The German counter-attacks weresupported by heavily-reinforced artillery.A German attack on Marchain, on thewest bank of-the Somme, was driven backafter a furious struggle. Enemy resist-ance was particularly stiff in the region ofRouy-le-Grand, Rouy-le-Petit, and Quiquery, two kilometres from the_ Nesle. Ourartillery pulverised a number of enemystrong points at Quiquery, Hill by even-ing; likewise at Bailleul and Moyencourt.Further south,after fierce grenade fighting,the French entered Quesnoy Wood.

Writing on Thursday evening fromFrench Headquartei-s, Reuter's correspond-ent says: To-day the Germans are coun-ter-attacking along the whole line. Theyare stoutly holding many places with aview to a further retirement at a morefavourable moment.

General Debeny's araiy southward ofNesle is progressing in the region or Moy-encourt and Breuil, also towards and alongthe unfinished Nesle-Noyon Canal.

General Humbert's army has capturedBeaurains and Sermaise.

General Mangin's army is faced by along rampart of hills from Mont St. Simeon,east of Noyon, and up the Oise, to Chauny.This army is firmly established on theLaffaux Plateau. It has captured Tarti-eres and is close to Juvigny.

The next step in the development of thebattle depends on the advance of theBritish armies north of the Somnie.

After carrying Noyon the French in-fantry reached the southern slopes of MontSt. Simeon.

Some French "units have crossed theAilette, and, in conjunction with theAmericans, continue to press the enemyon the Plateau of Juvigny. The enemy,knowing the vital value of these positions,are evidently prepared to defend them atall costs, throwing in the best troops avail-able, including the Guards.

IMPORTANT STRATEGIC GAINS.Reuter's correspondent at the French

Headquarters, writing on Friday evening,states : The latest gains are highly im-portant strategically. After the captureof Noyon and Chevilly, which overlooksthe Neve Valley, the enemy tried to re-enter Noyon, but was repulsed. TheFrench developed the success and reachedthe foot of Mont Simon, forming thewestern limit of the great ridge overlook-ing the Oise and protecting the enemy'sright flank. After further fierce fightingthe French reached the summit of themount, establishing themselves on a greatnatural rampart, on which the enemy reliesto guard his flank while withdrawing hisfront before the attacks by GeneralDebeny's and General Rawlinson's armies.The two main lines of defence on whichthe Germans have been holding—namely,an unfinished canal near Chevilly and theOise heights*—have been pierced. Hisonly natural line of resistance between hispresent unsteady positions and the oldHindenburg line is the Noyon-St. Quentinroad, from Ham to Berlancourt. Alongthis front he is able to face GeneralDebeny's army from the west, but hisright will be"open to attacks from theOise heights.

A later message says : The strugglecontinues violently on the whole front ofGenerals Debeny's, Humbert's, and Man-gin's armies. The enemy's resistance isparticularly fierce on the French right,diminishes towards the centre, and thenre-increases on the British front, the Ger-mans evidently desiring at all costs _ toprotect the flanks of the retreating line.General Mangin gained a firm onthe plateau after the fiercest fighting.General Mangin enlarged his bridgeheadaround Champs on the right bank of theAilette. General Humbert is firmly main-taining his afternoon successes at Happlin-court and St. Simon.

A French communique states : Therewas a lively artillery duel at night-timein the region of the Canal du Nord, alsonorth of Noyon and between the Ailetteand the Aisne.

THE .AMERICANS.Reuter-'s correspondent at the American

Haedquarters states : The German papersare troubled at the knowledge that sooneror later, somewhere or other, they mustface half a million of the best troops inthe wftrld in the virile American army.Ludendorff knows that, though he is re-treating, he has not yet had to meet themain blow which his adversary is stillwaiting to deliver when the appropriatemoment and the vulnerable spot arereached.

"LEST WE FORGET."

SOME REAL HARD FIGHTING.Mr Percival Phillips, writing on

the 25th, reported : It must not beforgotten that our well-won triumphsoften mean hard fighting, with severelosses at one or two points; but ourlosses on the whole are light. Sometimesthere was grim, close-quarter work with.the bayonet in the deep craters by moon-light, when handfuls of the enemy foundthemselves trapped, as for instance atBihucourt and Sapignies and near Ba-paume. These included some of the fittestand most skilled Germans, but they foughtonly in desperation.The British tide could not be stayed,and the German infantry hourly becamemore confused and more helpless. Theenemy's defences were cleared or broken.They tried repeatedly to organise a co-herent line of resistance, but it was just asoften shattered into a fragmentary rear-guard. The chaos behind Bapaume couldscarcely be greater. Perhaps the Germancommanders are partly to blame, but theirmen lost heart. Our prisoners were utterlydiscouraged.

Our movement everywhere along theAlbert-Peronne road threatened delay be-cause of the bad parts where it crossed thewilderness of the Somme battlefield, butthis was passed, and good roads and fairlygood ground were regained.

A gallant incident is recorded at Mirau-mont (on the Ancre). The British en-.

circled the garrison, and the enemy triedhard to relieve it. They sent up a strongforce which occupied a ravine. A smallBritish force, pushing ahead of the town,found themselves at nightfall on the edgeof the ravine, where they halted. Whendawn broke on Friday the British forcefound the ravine full of Germans, andthemselves encircled, but they hung on allday. Other British troops on Friday nightwaded across the flooded river Ancre, anddid a forced march in the darkness. Anaeroplane at dawn on Saturday bore themthe message : " Hold on ; help is coming."The enemy in the ravine did not dare toattack, and had summoned reinforcements,but the British reinforcements won theracej cleared the ravine, and turned toassist in the assault on Miraumont, whichwas . captured. When the German rein-forcements arrived, consisting of one bat-talion, they were captured en bloo.

As soon as the British had cleared.Miraumont, the New Zealanders, with theassistance of the tanks, attacked LoupartWood, east of the Ancre, en route to Ba-paume. They* found little oppositionwithin, but the trenches beyond were filledwith Bavarians. The New Zealanderspassed over these within two hour3. Theydid not wait to gather their prisoners, butpushed ahead and attacked Grevillers, anold acquaintance, which gave little trouble,and by the middle of the afternoon theNew Zealanders began fighting for Ba-paume's inner defences. There were goodtrenches around the suburbs and well-wired slopes.

Meanwhile other troops climbed theslopes before Pozieres (further south, onthe Albert-Bapaume road) with quickenedpulse, in order to gaze on the promisedland behind. They found Pozieres nolonger the same. The old ruins are gone,and there are new ruins now of Britishhutments and tumbled cemeteries.

The German artillery beyond Bapaumeon Sunday were energetically trying _ tocounteract the enemy infantry's instability,but their barrage nowhere delayed ouradvance. Our airmen report seeing ourpatrols inside Bapaume, but these areprobably only reconnaissances.

RAPID ADVANCE OFAUSTRALIANS.

Percival Phillips writes: The Aus-tralians captured Gappy and Suzanne dur-ing the night-time. Prisoners declare thatthey had expected to be left in peace.The principal obstacle at Cappy was asolitary field gun, which fired industriouslyuntil the Australians, tiring of it, stalkedit and disposed of the gun crew. Thenthey mopped up and chased the machine-gunners through cellars, and the place wascleared. The resistance at Suzanne Avasslight, and most of the garrison were takenprisoner.

The Australian progress apparently con-tinues. The latest news is that they areapproaching the steep Vaux ridge., on thenorth bank of the Somme, within sevenmiles of the Peronne bridgehead, and'Biaches, on the south bank. The inter-vening country is undulating, mostlycovered with old trenches. Apparentlythe German guns and stores have beennearly all evacuated, and only detach-ments of infantry remain.

THE ENEMY WITHDRAWAL.'Mr Percival Phillips says: The Germans

are clearly fighting a rearguard action, andare no longer wildly attempting to stabilisetheir line, though they are counter-attack-ing at some points in order to gain time.

The enemy's withdrawal south of Ba-paume was difficult, because we cut theroads. The Albert-Bapaume road was cuton Saturday, and the Mametz-Peronneroad (or Albert-Peronne road) was cut onthe 25th. Combles (10 miles east of Albertand three miles north of this road) is con-stantly under the fire of our heavy guns,and Longueval, Ginehy, Guillemont (allnorthward of Combles), and other placesare also being accurately shelled. TheBapaume-Peronne road (running two mileseastward of Combles) is practically unten-able.

There is no wild forward rush on ourpart. Our infantry keeps in close touch,and our supports are well forward.

North-east of Bapaume a Prussian divi-sion advanced from Beaugnatre in thedirection, of Favreuil, but it was spottedby our airmen and mercilessly cut up, andonly a remnant reached Favreuil, wherethe survivors fell victims' to the NorthCountry troops, mostly by bayonet work.Many German dead lie in the village. Wethen pushed towards Beaugnatre, wherethe British are reported to be on the out-skirts of the village.

The Australians' progress on Peronne isdifficult, owing to the erratic course of theSomme and to the outlying marshes;, butthe Australians "are showing remarkablespeed over the higher ground, which isrough and hilly, offering plenty of coverfor machine-gun nests.

CANADIANS, NEW ZEALANDERS,AND SCOTTISH.

Mi-jJPercival Phillips writes: South ofthe scarpe the Canadians, in penetratingGreen Wood (Bois de Vert, immediatelysouth-west of Boiry Notre Dame), are incountry hitherto untrodden by Ententetroops since the beginning of the war.They are not yet firmly established, butare fighting hard and slowly forging ahead.

The New Zealanders are pushing northof Bapaume, and actually reached theCambrai road, nearly encircling the town,but German machine-guns forced them toretire, and they are now resting on therailway to the north-east. Though smalldetachments have reached the outskirts ofBapaume, this does not mean that we areattempting to storm the place, which willfall unaided.

The sector which gives the enemy thegreatest anxiety is the 10-milo strip be-tween Bapaume and the Scarpe. TheCanadians went over at 3.20 a.m. on Mon-day, and found an inferior division op-posed to them. Thgy had to go over 6000yards, and the first stage waa done indarkness, relieved by bursts of brilliantmoonlight. They covered the distance in

splendid time, though the i German bat-teries made good their escape.

Meanwhile the Scottish attack fromNeuville Vitasse (on the Canadians' right)was equally successful. Their object wasto turn Henin Hill (along the Cojeul), butthey encountered no opposition on the hill.It was quite a spectacular affair, the Scotsgoing forward steadiby, while the enemyretreated in disorder. Thus the Scots wereenabled to establish contact with the Cana-dians.

The attack was renewed on Tuesdaymorning along the entire front. The Cana-dians near Henin rested at night, andbegan mopping up the Hindenburg line,working towards Fontaine-les-Croisilles andbehind Croisilles, the Guards pushinground the other side of Croisilles from St.Leger. Thus the whole German line ofresistance, being pounded hard, is steadilysagging into the Hindenburg defences. Itmay be expected that the enemy will fighttheir hardest in this northern sector. Agood fresh Prussian division has alreadyheen engaged against the Canadians.

The Australians' advance on both banksof the Somme may be described as " peace-ful penetration." By noon to-day theirpatrols on the south side of the river werewithin a mile of Doinpierre, clearing themachine-guns out of the neighbouringwoods. The Australians have penetratedVaux Wood, on the north bank of theriver, and are continuing up stream to-wards Curlu (six miles from Peronne). Noserious attempts are being made to holdthem, the German rearguard being listlessand apparently having been ordered notto resist if pressed hard. The Australiansare again traversing wholly devastatedcountry, ,and their progress is naturallyslow. It is, on the whole, a deliberatealmost a leisurely, journey towardsPeronne, in marked contrast to the sharp,jerky attacks south of Bapaume.

THE HINDENBURG LINE.Mr Percival Phillips writes : Though the

German High Command must be anxiousover the fall of Roye, the Australian ad-vance on Peronne, and the peril of Ba-paume, the position before Arras mustclaim attention before all else, because thebulge above and behind the Hindenburgline grows hourly deeper. General Home'sarmy.has pushed through the greater partof the defence, which the enemy believedto be practically impregnable, and our in-fantry and guns now occupy territory un-touched by the British since the enemyinvaded France, and have done so at; com-paratively speaking, the cost' of a fewmen. The Germans yielded with greatreadiness, and their counter-attacks weresoon broken. The fate of Bapaume andPeronne matters little by comparison.

Meanwhile our extreme right is passive—if the Australians can be passive in anycircumstances. ;

The outstanding feature of the FirstArmy's advance was the symptoms of theenemy's demoralisation. Undoubtedly con-,fusion exists. The prisoners we have takenare suffering badly from nerves. The Ger-man infantry accuse their gunners ofcriminal inaccuracy, and the officers blamethe Higher Command for ordering impos-sible counter-attacks. Cases are recordedof the enemy bolting—for example, atVis-en-Artois" from the Canadians, ,and atBullecourt from the Londoners, —but theenemy machine-gunners are fighting well.

AUSTRALIANS SET A DIFFICULT. TASK.

Mr Percival Phillips writes: The Ger-man High Command are making a despe-rate effort to check our advance on thenorthern end of the line. They threw in

every available man last night in two at-tacks by four divisions against the Cana-dians between the Arras-Carnbrai roadand the Scarpe. The attackers were

beaten back, after hard fighting. Muchof yesterday's fighting in the directionof Hendecourt and Bullecourt was againof a rare old-fashioned sort. Our gun-ners, despite a poor visibility, shelledthe 'fleeing transport by direct observa-tion.

The Australians in the south are per-forming a, difficult task. The enemy'swithdrawal hinges on the northern end ofthe line, and they are obliged to swingback with the greatest speed between Ba-I>aume and the Somme. But the Aus-tralians have"the necessary speed, and keepin touch'with them. The German resist-ance at Biaches (south-west of the Somme,opposite Peronne) is stiffening, as the Ger-mans are anxious to destroy the bridgesbefore they put the river between them-selves and the Australians, whom theydislike so heartily.

ENEMY DEMONSTRATION.Mr Robinson writes: Evidence of con-

siderable enemy demoralisation is seen intheir throwing in all sorts of scratchtroops with the hope of checking the ad-vance, but these bewildered units are cutoff and captured before they are awarethat they are in a 'battle. Scraps of bat-talions and remnants of shattered divisionsare being captured, mixed up with othertroops in endless confusion.

Captured German officers did not at-tempt to minimise the gravity of thecatastrophe. The enemy were forewarnedof the Australian advance below theSomme, and massed their machine-guns,which averaged one to every two yards.The preliminary advance of the tankslargely neutralised them.

The Germans are now thoroughly afraidof the tanks, and fairly have them on thebrain, as captured documents reveal, re-porting their presence in all sorts of placeswhere our tanks never reached. Germanofficers rebuke us as being ungentlemanlyfor using tanks, to which they are unableto surrender. They bitterly complain thatthey are compelled to chase the tanks likebuses, hailing them to stop and take themaboard. But the tanks refused to stop,and went on, crushing the machine-gunnests. All in-isoners practically agree thatGermany's ultimate victory is now impos-sible ; but if the Allies mean to crush herutterly® Germany will fight on for one ortwo years.

ON FAMILIAR GROUND.Mr Robinson reported on the 28th : Til©position on the Scarpe on Tuesday morn-

ing almost exactly reproduced the situa-tion of May, 191?. In the afternoon Isaw troops advancing over the rollingcountry in the ivalleys of Cojeul anc?Sensce well beyond the' furthest, from eastreached in 1917, holding positions northof Pelves, with the fame Scots as batteredtheir way to Roeux in 1917.

Below the river the Canadians" reachedthe edge of Boiry-Notre-Dame. The Can-adians and Scots are now fighting on theground which has not been reached siiice1914, within two miles of Drocourt andQueant. This extension has been madedespite the German High Command's greatefforts to make the "Germans fight andholding every point with considerabletroops. It is believed our troops are nowin Bulleeourt, which is only two milesfrom Queant,'the main hinge of,the Hin-denburg line and the so-called switch ex-tension. Therefore, we "are now againstthe very face of the chief bulwark ofthe defence." I don't pretend to knowwhether it is intended to break a greatdefence line, but the Germans are dis-tinctly uneasy at the rapid advance. Theposition is full of possibilities, asdramatic as anything in the war.

During the fighting at Ooisilles a bodyof troops was cut oft, and escape seemedimpossible; but the artillery put down askilful smoke barrage, under cover ofwhich the soldiers regained ffle line.

WITH THE AUSTRALIANS.•

_____

CAPTURE OF LITTLE BERTHA.Mr Gilmour, at Australian Headquar-

ters, describing the Australians' advance,fays: Although the Germans in places putup a very stiff fight, the attackers, aftera series of. short, sharp rushes, came withinstriking distance, and then the gunnersshowed the greatest readiness to surrender.Whole bodies of Germans at one point ranforward, precipitately throwing down theirarms, and several of them Avere shot downby their own officers from the rear. Theprisoners include representatives of five .divisions, affording proof of the disorgani-sation' behind their front.

One former Harvard University man(U.S.A.) who was captured admitted thatthe German offensive last March was in-tended to reach, the Channel ports, andwhen the Germans failed in this designthe line of attack was swung southward,but they did not hope to capture Paris."

When the Australians reached the finalline the officers called for more artilleryand pushed further on. This splendid ex-ploitation resulted in the capture of theruined village of Chuignes (south of theSomme), with 12 guns, one of them a 15inpiece. The extension of these operationscaused a. hurried withdrawal of the, Ger-man guns, from the threatened valleysouthward of the Somme.- *

The attackers pressed forward throughzones which the German heavy guns hadsaturated with' gas, and reached a linoembracing Chuignes, Garenne Wood, andSquare Wood before nightfall. A Germancounter-attack was driven off with thebayonet—the only time* the ba.yonet_ wasused.

The recently-captured 15in gun (nick-named "Little Bertha") among the Aus-tralians' spoils is a. costly weapon, with\an immense steel emplacement on top ofconcrete. It had its own electric powerplant in the vicinity, but the gun barrelwas cracked along its entire length, ap-parently by a premature burst, and it hadnot been used for some time.

Mr Gilmour, correspondent at the Aus-tralian Haedquarters, states : The enemyis making the most use of opportunitiesof defence. His guns are spasmodicallyactive, some firing at barrage speed, wheredumps are being used up before it isnecessary to abandon them. Althougheverywhere there are signs of disorganisa-tion, the enemy machine-gunners remainat most favourable posts, retiring onlywhen the point is surrounded. Every gullyand wood is warmly contested against theAustralians, but the advance continuessteadily. Our guns are" keeping well onthe. heels of the infantry, and are ableto crash down upon points of greatestresistance. Notwithstanding a long tiringperiod, with the heaviest fighting, theAustralians are pushing on with goodheart and the slighest casualties.

THE CONDITION OF ALBERT.Mr Gilmour, after visiting recaptured

ground, says: The * graves of Britisherskilled in previous battles were foundlargely to be intact, except where a shell-burst had disturbed them.

The town of Albert is now a shatteredwreck.

Great chunks of masonry have beenthrown up from the foundations of thefamous church. The magnificent churchentrance has gone, together with a partof the front on which stood the famousstatue of the Virgin and Child. LTnlessthe Germans stole the statue, it must beburied under the mountains of debris. Thebuilding is entirely roofless, except for asingle stone" gable over the altar.

The houses which were smashed by theBritish artillery fire have blocked theAncre, and the canals now flowing throughAlbert have created a lake on the lowground northward of the town, out ofwhich trees stand queerly.

A captured German diary, clearly wiSft-ten since August 8, says:' "Our moi-aleis pretty well done in by the awfulartillery fire. ' We have no food and no-thing to drink. Aeroplanes bomb us atclose quarters. Our losses are heavy. Thelatest papers have arrived, from whichwe learned the seriousness of the situa-tion."

MOPPING UP MACHINE GUNS.Mr Murdoch, writing from Australian

September 4, 1918. OTAGO WITNESS. 21

SNIFF UP, GARGLE or SWALLOW

Headquarters, says: The machine-gunsemployed by the•Germans against the Aus-tralians were so thick that the first wavesof attackers passed scores of them, so thatin mopping them up they had the bloodiestfighting of the day, stalking the gunnersand collecting handfuls of quiveringBodies from the dug-outs. Some of theGermans attacked the advancing tanks,and pelted them with bullets until theyhad not an inch of surface unmarked, andthe bullets were sticking out of the armourthickly. One -tank broke down, and hadthe Roches clambering over it, stickingpistols into the openings: while mad Ger-mans assailed another with their bayonets,pricking the sides until they were shotdown.

THE WARM WEATHER.Mr Beach Thomas writes: It is great

pursuing weather, though only men of thebest physique can bear the strain. TheBritish, Australian, and New Zealandtroops are still quite untired, and reluctantto be relieved. They may be seen dashingforward and cutting oft* the retreat ofmen, transport, and guns. It is a wtrader-ful sight to see our soldiers trooping for-ward without noticing hundreds of Ger-mans eager and anxious to surrender. Oneof the boldest strokes on the- Australianfront was the wading and swimming ofthe Ancre in the night-time beloAv Grand-court, and the subsequent unsupportedadvance to the eastward. Groups of menreached Pys and were entirely surroundedby Germans, who were too scared . toattack by that time.

'CANADIANS CAPTURE MONCHY.Mr Nevinson, writing on the 27th, says :

The outstanding event to-day was theCanadians' capture of Monchy, astride theold Hindenburg lino, commanding the val-ley of the Scarpe. Its importance canhardly be overstated. The Guards wereengaged in a bloody affair at Mory onSunday evening, and a fresh Bavariandivision—good troops—violently counter-attacked the Guards, forcing them outof Mory. The Guards fixed bayonets,killing many, and restoring the position.The King's Company of Grenadiersspecially distinguished themselves.

CONFUSION IN ENEMY RANKS.Mr Philip Gibbs, giving instances of the

confusion of the German troops, says:Odd battalions and companies are mixedup chaotically, but are goaded forward andtold they must fight. In one stretch ofthree miles near Montauban there were 16battalions hopelessly mixed, drawn fromfive shattered divisions. The storm divi-sions at Monry and Cherisy were reducedto 25 per company.

One battalion at St. Leger found itselfabandoned by its neighbours, and was sur-rounded and captured en masse. Its com-mander cursed the Higher Command whichsent a decimated regiment into battle. TheHigher Command, in order to zzecGXTfagethem, had previously issued an osdcs de-claring : "We have" defeated four Britishdivisions, and they know it." The HigherCommand sent four divisions against

Moyenneville and Ablainzeville, but, de-spite the above encouraging order, manywere non-starters, and those who startedwere caught by our artillery, and theslaughter was terrible. Only a few cameto close quarters.

Two new divisions counter-attacked theCanadians at Monchy le Preux. Againthere were many non-starters, and onlyafew resolute groups persevered. Yet theycovered only 400 yards before they werewiped out. Another division was orderedforward, and a number of brave men didtheir best, but the disorganised .divisiondrifted back.

Apart from their gallant machine-gun-ners, • the German infantry—for the time,at any rate —have lost their spirit. Theyhave had enough rearguard fighting. Arot has set in which will lead to disastersunless the German army can be rallied andrefreshed. But our men will not give themrest. We ourselves were not in a goodstate last March, but we had reserves,whereas the Germans at present have nosuch reserves. But we can expect a checkat the Drocourt-Queant line, which isstrong, and will be defended by everyavailable man.

GERMAN RESISTANCE.Air Philip Gibbs writes : From the hills

north of the Scarpe to south of the Sommethe enemy are retreating, trying to getaway behind their rearguards before being-caught or killed. The German machine-gunners in places are fiercely resisting, inorder to gain time for a more orderly re-treat.

This defence is strongest on the northernhalf of the Australian front, perhaps inorder to delay the fall of Peronne until itsenormous removed. But furthernorth the German army is stealing awayboth in darkness and daylight, and ourmen are trudging after them in great ela-tion. They are eagerly pressing, and havethe enemy' on the run. Evei*y hour bringsnews of more villages and.woods recap-tured.

GOOD WORK BY NEWZEALANDERS.

Mr Philip Gibbs writes : The New Zea-landers during the past month Were neverstill. They have advanced 13 miles sinceAugust 8. There was no need to siormBapaume, the Germans quitting the townwhen the New Zealanders worked downthe north-west with only three casualtiesinto the town.

OUR MARVELLOUS MEN.

THE GALLANT LONDONERS.Mr Philip Gibbs writes : Since the 23rd

inst. the London troops fighting in thebattle have made astonishing progress.They stormed Boyelles and Boiry Ber-querelle, taking 700 prisoners on the wayto Croisilles, where some faced n terriblefire of massed machine gains. With theScottish they broke the 'Hindenburg lineacross the Sensee Valley, captured Croi-silles, and went halfway to Bulle-court. A brigade major of the Londonersrode calmly into Croisilles and established

himself in advance of his men. Through-out this week the young whoin Anvil last helped to Weak the Germanassaults at Arras by most excited courage.have again been fighting witn hearts thathave never Failed, though some of themhave suffered from an agony of sleepless-ness and lain in ditches under the sweepof machine gnus.

Our men' are marvellous—Highlandersor Cockneys, Welsh or South Country,Lancashire'or Yorkshire. During the lastthroe weeks they have defeated stormdivisions of the German army, wiped outall the enemy's guns since March 21,from Amiens to Bannume md from Arrasto the Somme. and have frt.. ever destroyedall German hopes of victory. By thestrength of their souls they have donethis, and by the risk of their bodies, andby the last/limit of human pluck, fightingmost of all against fatigue and a desirefor sleep, more terrible this time than theenenrv ahead.

GERMAN DEATH-TRAPSMr Gilmour, writing on Saturday, says :

Peronne is merely a broken ruin. Afterits demolition by the Germans last year( '! 1916) hardly a habitatable house re-maims.

.Referring to mines and booby-traps leftby the Germans in the places they haveabandoned, Mr Gilmour says : These rusesare now unfruitful, because the Aus-tralians, however casual about othermatters, avoild evacuated towns and vil-lages as they would the plague, knowingthat" traps have been set which mightprove their graves. He gives instancesof the discovery of several such traps.

The enemy blew up the. bridges in thePeronne sector, but failed to prevent"the English and Australians from ad-vancing and outflanking the town, whichat the time of writing had not beencaptured, though its fall was then con-sidered only a matter of hours. Mr Gil-mour pays a tribute to the rapidity withwhich our field guns and batteriesare being moved up to keep up with theinfantry in their big strides forward.Our patrols kept so close to the heelsof the enemy that they caught up withtheir machine-gunners, and crossed someof the Somme bridges before the Germanshad time to blow them up with mines,pushing forward in the face'of severe, close-range gunfire and machine-gunning. Thelong advance has been unbelievable. Ourfighting men have had few opportunitiesof resting, but they find satisfaction inthe knowledge that these are unquestion-ably victorious operations, and areheartened by the fact that the enemy'sretreat is necessitated by the great thrust-begun on August 8, and the Germanshave not been given a moment's respitesince. German prisoners from variousregiments give dismal accounts of. thestate of affairs on their side of the line.They admit that the retirement is dis-orderly in many places. The officers haveapparently lost control over the men.Some of the prison ei's~say that the Ger-mans will ultimatelv stand on the oldCambrai-St. Quentin line.

GERMAN DISCIPLINE.General Maurice, in a review of the mili-

tary situation after paying a visit to thefront, states:

The turn of the tide . dates fromGeneral Gourand's repulse of the•Crown Prince's Champagne attack, wdiere15 of the best German divisions,which had been carefully nursed andtrained, were smashed. Foch took hischance by one of the great masterpieces ofgeneralship.

.The German policy of selecting stormtroops has enfeebled the German defence.A corps d'eljte was formed at the expenseof the whole armj'. We have capturednumerous orders, signed by Ludendorff,adverting in strong language to the weak-ening of discipline and the troops' slack-ness. The rigid Prussian discipline is notstanding the strain. Prisoners are beingtaken more,easily than ever, and parts ofthe German army are fighting slackly.This is shoAvn by the state of their trenchdefences. They have been content with asingle front trench, without support linesand communication trenches. This indi-cates great slackness or scarcity of labour.The enemy are also moving their reservesabout in a manner betraying nervousness.

General Maurice says he does not wishto convey the impression that the Ger-man armies are within measurable distanceof collapse; they are still well fed, wellequipped, and formidable. We have not;yet the superiority of force necessary tocrush the Hun ; but, if we play our cardsproperly, the German decline will becomea collapse.

FIT AND UNFIT.

A COMPARATIVE RETURN.The following interesting official return

lias been prepared showing the compara-tive medical qualifications of balloted menon August 24 :

Under the heading " N.Y.E. " (not yetexamined) are included men whoso appealshave bean adjourned indefinitely, medicaldefaulters, men at sea or temporarily outof New Zealand, and appellants and otherswhose appeals are to b© heard before theyare medically examined.

MINING.WEEK'S MINING NEWS

*

August 28. "The secretary of the Nokomai Hydraulic

Sluicing Company reports that No. 2 hadonly thres days' sluicing last week owingto the wet weather causing a few slips inthe race. Sluicing was resumed on Tues-day in No. 3, with one shift working.

The Waihi Gold Mining Company, dur-ing the period ended August 10, crushedand treated 15,681 tons of ore for a returnof bullion valued at £25,419. Comparedwith the return for the correspondingperiod of last year, when 15,871 tonsyielded bullion valued at £26,856, this showsa decrease of £1437. The total amount wonfrom the mine to data is £12,082,727, anddividends, etc., declared to date total£5,053,318 4s Bd.

The Waihi Grand Junction Company,during the period ended August 10, crushedand treated 6860 tons of ore for a return ofbullion valued at £10,633 lis 3d. Comparedwith the return for the correspondingperiod last year, when 9720 tons yielded£17,283 3s id, this shows a decrease of£6644 lis lOd. The total amount won fromthe mine to date is £1,722.190 3s Bd, and atotal of £260,000 has been distributed individends.

August 29.The Rise and Shine No. 2 dredge had a

fairly steady run last week; but the washwas scanty and poor until the end of theweek, when the prospects improved, parti-cularly on the east side, where a coarsergold than usual, and of a very dark colour,came in.

August 31.The Victorian gold yield for June was

11,6670 z gross, or 10,7740 z fine, valued at£45,705. with the return forJune of last year a decrease of 59300 z lineoccurred. The return for the last sixmonths was 74,7670 z fine, valued at£317.591. showing a decrease of 24.9080 zcompared with the yield for the correspond-ing period of last year.

The Edna May Deep Levels ore reservesare estimated. by the late (MrStuckev) to bo as follow:—Above No. 3level, 5000 tons, valued at £10,000; betweenNo.' 3 and No. 4 levels, 12,000 tons, valuedat £43.000; between No. 4 and No. 5levels, 20.000 tons, valued at £98.000;total 37,000 tons, valued at £151,000.

September 2.The Broken Hill Proprietary Company

has decided to extend its steel plant at acost of £50,000 to roll the fin steel platesrequired for the Isherwood steamers to bebuilt in the commonwealth. The plant nowdown, is only of a temporary nature, andnot really adapted for a large output, theextensions, though also of a temporarynature, will greatly increase the presentoutput of plates. The Assistant Ministerfor the Navy stated that he hoped to placedefinitely with the steel company ordersfor the whole of the material required forapproximately 20 ships in connection withwhich contracts had been let. This wouldmake it unnecessary to order any moreplates from America.

The Rise and Shine No. 2 dredge reportsa return of 30oz 14dwt for 136 hours'dredging.

The gold returns for August for theOhinemuri mine totalled £50.592.

September 3.The returns of the Queensland minerals,

other than gold, coal, and precious stones,for the quarter ended June 30, show thatthe output for that period amounted invalue to £718,394, as against £712,503 forthe corresponding period in 1917. Lode tiD,for the past quarter, reached 1814 tons,valued at £36,690, and alluvial tin com-prised 214JL tons, of the value of £48,814.Thft quarter's output of molybdenite was29 tons, valued at £12,523; the ironstone-output 15,069 tons, worth £15,810; andthe copper production 5151 tons, of an esti-mated valuo of £566,616.

DUNEDIN STOCK EXCHANGE.Tiero has been a good turnover in both

the fining and investment markets duringthe present week, and business has gener-ally been transacted at firm prices.

j Talisman Consolidated shares firmed sharplyj early in tiio week, when three soles wereI made at 9s 4d. and the shares have stilj.j remained firm about the same price. Waihis

j have iiac! a better business at £2 Os 6d,j n.i:d were quo'ted on Friday at £2 and £2i lf=. Grand Junctions have not changedj much in value, a sale being made duringI the week at 13s Bd. The closing quotations

on Friday were 13s 3d and 13s Bd, buyers, and sellers respectively. Mount Lyells HaveI hardened appreciably, and show an increase

I of Is on the prices ruling at the end oflast week. In the investment stock market

j Bank of New Zealand stock has had fairlyj regular inquiry at £l7 17s 6d and £l2 16s,i according to the issue wanted. Sellers

I have been scarce all week, but came for-ward on Friday with quotations of £lB 4sand £l3 2s 6d respectively. There is nochange to report in the price of NationalBanks, which have been intermittentlyquoted. Insurance stocks havo been very

i quiet, the only lines to receive attention1 being Standards and Nationals. Theformer had sales reported twice at £2 ss.

I P. and O. deferred stock continues to firntj slowly, the latest figures being £370 and£372. The only business publicly recordedwas a reported sale on Wednesday at £370.I Huddart-Parkcrs have been the means of a

j little business once_ or twice. The top pricewas reached on Friday, when a sale was re-

| ported at £2 Is, and a buyer offered £2jOs 9d, without result. Local shares con-tinue firm, and sales of Westport andj Stockton shares have been transacted at £1j 10s 3d audi 8s 6d respectively. Neither

: issue was offered on Frid-iy although therewere buyers of each at firm prices. Quo-tations for New Zealand Coal and Oils

I have not been given frequently, and therewas a wide margin between buyers and sel-lers when- prices were quoted. Buyers ofNew Zealand Refrigerating shares havefirmed to £2 4s, but the market has con-tinued bare of sellers. A firming tendencyis apparent in the case of Milburn Limes,which have been in demand throughout the "

week at £1 14s 6d, without sellers. Thenew Wilson Cement, shares are now quotedin the vicinity of 14s (buyers), with sellersat 6d more. The woollen stocks listedcontinue in firm demand, but there havebeen no selling quotations. A margin ofIs in the quotations for Dunlon Rubbershas prevented business on several occasions.The prices quoted for Dunlops and

1 Dominions are about even.Huddart-Parker shares were in demand

on Monday at £2 Is 9d, with sellers at £2; 2s 6d, -and there was a sale reported at £2I 2s. A sale of Mount Lyells was reported

at £1 lis 6d. There was a sale of Talis-man Consolidated shares at 9s 7d, with afurther buyer at 9s 6d and a seller at 9s 9d.Rise and Shines were wanted at 13s. withsellers asking 17s 6d, while Waihis (exdiv.) had buyers at £1 19s 4d, with sellers "at £2. National Banks were hi demand

I at £6 Os 6d, but no sellers came forward.- Ordinary Westpcrt-Stockton shares had sel-

lers at 9s 3d, with" buyers offering 8s Bd. ■For Papuan Products buyers were preparedto give 2s 4d, but sellers wanted 2s 6d.Milburn Lime and 'Cements were quoted at£1 14s 6d and £1 16s, buyers and sellersrespectively.

The following are Monday's latest quota-tions, subject to the usual brokerage:—

i Dredging Stosks.! Electric—Buyers Is 2d. ~

Rise and Shine—Buyers 13s, sellers 17s6d.

Rising Sun—Sellers lis.Mining Stocks.

New Big River—Sellers ss.I Talisman Consolidated—Buyers 9s 6d, sel-I lei-g 9s 9(].

Waihi (ex div.)—Buyers £1 19s 4d, sel-lers £2.

Waihi Grand Junction—Buyers 13s 3d, sel-lers 13s 9d.

Mount Lyell—Buyers £1 lis 7d, sellers£1 12s.

August 27. —Talisman Consolidated, 9s 3d,8s 4d (three parcels); Waihi Grand Junc-tion, 13s 8d; Westport-Stockton (ord.), 8s6d (two parcels),

i Sale Reported.—Standard Insurance, £25s

August 28—Mount Lyell, £1 10s lid, £1lis; Westport Coal, £1 10s 3d.

Sales reported: Standard Insurance, £2ss; P. and O. (deferred). £370.

August 29.—Waihi, £2 Os 6d; Westport. Coal, £1 10s 3d (three parcels).i Sale Reported.—Huddart-Parker (ordi-

! nary), £2 0s 3d.! August 30.—Huddart-Parker (ord.). £2 Is.

Sept. 2.—Talisman Consolidated, 9s 7d.Sales reported. Mount Lyell, £1 lis 6d;

, Huddart-Parker, £2 2s.

AUCKLAND STOCK EXCHANGE.AUCKLAND, .September 2.

! The following eales were recorded oni 'Change to-day:—Bank of New Zealand,

I £lB 2s 6d; New Zealand Insurance, £9 19s6d and £10; Huddart-Parker, £2 Is 9d;Wilson's Cement, 14s 3d; Talisman Consoli-

| dated, 9s 7d.

CHRISTCHURCH STOCK EXCHANGE.CHRISTCHURCH, Septemb2r 2.

The following sales were reported to-day:P. and O. (deferred), £371; CanterburyFrozen Meat, £5 2s 6d; Northern Steam,16s 7d (two sales); Burns, Philp, £1 17s(two sales); Westport-Stockton Coal (pref.),lie; New Zealand Paper Mills, £1 2s 6d.

S.S. DELPHIC SUNK.

FIVE LIVES LOST.Waylaid by a German submarine in north-

ern waters, the BCOO-ton cargo steamerDelphic, belonging to the White Star line,has, according to British papers, been sunkwith the loss of five members, of the crew.

The Delphic was a steel twin-screwsteamer of 8273 tons gross register, builtby Harland and Wolff (Ltd.), at Belfast in1897- for the Oceanic Steam. NavigationCompany, which directs the affairs of theWhite Star line, and watched our line. Pos-sessing insulated chambers with acapacity of nearly 287,000 cubio feet,sho is remembered here chiefly by herwork in the export of frozen meat.The Delphic on occasions carried passen-gers, and at the time of her destructionshe was working under the Imperial Gov'ternment's liner requisitioning scheme, but'was being managed and operated by thecompany.

_ JIn ,tho latest published list of the Oceanio

Steam Navigation Company's fleet, whichwas presented at the last meeting of direc-tors, the names of the Britannic, Georgic,Laurentic, and Teutonic are omitted. TheGeorgio fell a victim to a raider, while theLaurentic, on January 30, struck a mine,and went down. This severe loss wasfollowed on February 15 by the torpedoingof the Afric, 11,999 tons.

22 OTAGO WITNESS. September 4, 1918.

Temp. &Fit. Unfit. Unfit. X.Y.E.

First Division ... 37.G1 .24 53.66 8.49Second Division —

Class A 30.64 .23 *57.03 12.10Class B 36.43 .no 69.33 3.25Class C 34.06 1.30 47.72 16.92

Average 34.68 .69 54.43 10.19The percentages work out .as under : —

First SecondDivision. Division.

Class Class ClassA. B. C.

Ko. drawn 78,466 -13,415 17.457 14.751Fit A, B, and C 29,526 4,111 6,361 5,023Temp, unfilt, B2 180 32 174 193Unfit 02 and D ... 42,121 7,651 10,358 7,040Kot yet exam. ... 6,666 1,621 564 2,493

mmmmm m s-a■m tmSii'ffll^£ ■v/f".S>»Tf^ mI **;»v?1 fc V

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0.W.4 Address

At a meeting of the Claims Boai'd of theWairarapa Patriotic Association, loans aggre-gating £350 were granted two returnedsoldiers, free of interest.

TRADE MARKSDESIGNS

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40 DOWLINU STREET, DUNEDIN,Christchurch, Timam, Invercargill.

PATENTSDesigns and Trade Marks Prepared tot

all Available Countries.

(Established 1882.)

CONSULTING MECHANICAL ENGLNEER and ARCHITECT,STOKES' BUILDINGS,

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TELEPHONES: Residence and .Office, 473.Telegrams: "DAVEY, DUNEDIN."

G-TTIVE BOOTES7K>RWARDED to any address for Is per

pair, Snagproof Hip Boots; ''Stout'sPatent Gold Seal," 45e; "Crackproof GoldSeal," 465; "Apex," 47s 6d; Miners' Rub-ber Hide, Leather-soled (sizes 6, 10, 11, 12),455. Stout's Leather-soled, 57s 6d; Rubber-soled Knee Boots, 21s, 26s 6d, 27e 6d;Rubber Goods and Oikkin Clothing aSpecialty.—J. WATSON, Importer, PortChalmers, and at 95 Rattray street, Dun-edin

THE COUNTRY.&5T Correspondents are reminded that all let-

ters for the current week's issue must reachDunedin NOT LATER THAN MONDAY NIGHT.Letters con\ins to hand on Tuesday are too late,and are thus a week old. when they appear.

LAKE COUNTY.August 31.—Fine, weather is now being

"experienced. The roads are drying upquickly, and will he in. good order in a .■very short time. There is still a good dealof enow on the Macetown road, and wheelconveyances cannot get through yet, provi-sions being taken to that locality by pack-horse. . ,

Wakatipu Horticultural Society. —1hoannual meeting of members of the societywas held in Queenstown on Wednesday, MrM. J. Gavin- (president) presiding. Thebalance sheet showed a credit of £3 3s lOd.Tho following office-bearers were elected:Patron, Sir William Fraser; president, MrM. J. Gavin; vice-presidents—Rev. R. G.Coats, Messrs D. F. Sutherland, L. J.Lynch, A. Boyne, A. J. Campbell, and A.Simson; General Committee—Messrs T. I.Malaghan, D. C. Brown, T. F. Richards,Miasdamas Mayne, Gavin, Simson, Coats,

-Sutherland, Misses Lyle, Warren, Geisow,Hamilton, and Culling. Mr V. C. Brown,the retiring secretary and treasurer, wasproposed for the office, but declined, statingthat he had not the time to devote to theposition. Ho would, however, bo pleased todo what he coujd at show time. Tho ap-pointment of secretary was left in the handsof the Schedule Committee. Mr Brown de-clined to accept the usual honorarium votedto the secretary, and ho was accorded avote of thanks for his generous attitudeand for his services in the past. It wasdecided to hold two shows as usual—springand summer.

Back from the Front—Private RichardFletcher, recently invalided home, arrived inQueenstown on Saturday evening last, whenhe received the customary hearty welcome.The Queenstown Brass Band was inattendance, and the Mayor (Mr A. Timson)extended the citizens' welcome to the re-turned soldier. Private Fletcher, who is asou of the late Mr and Mrs W. Fletcher,Lower Shotover, left with the Twenty-eighthReinforcements. When in Fiance he receivedan injury to his hip, which put him out ofaction. He had previously served in theSouth African war, so it can be truly saidthat Dick Fletcher has done his duty. Abrother of his was killed in the SouthAfrican war.

Welcome Home.—There was a large attend-»ance in the Garrison Hall, Queenstown, lastevening, the occasion being a social inhonour of the following district men, whohave recently returned invalided from thefront—Quartermaster sergeant Paine,: Pri-vates J. A. Barnett, R. Fletcher, C. Mathews,and J. Cockburn. Brief speeches were madeby several leading citizens, and a number ofmusical items given. Medals were presentedto each of the returned men, and suitablyacknowledged.

Copper Trail Concert.—A party of Goremusicians visited Queenstown last week, andgave a concert in aid of the local, funds for"Our Day'.' British Red Cross. There wasa very large attendance, and, with a coinshower which realised £6, the takingsamounted to about £27.

Personal—Mr S. M. Allott, who has beenteacher of the Gibbston School for the pasttwo years, and has been appointed teacherof tho Heddon Bush School, was entertainedat a valedictory social by _ the Gibbstonresidents on the evening of tho 23rd inst.He was presented with a gold and green-stone albert by the residents, and from theschool children he received a silver and oakinkstand. Reference was made to the factthat in the departure of Mr Allott Gibbstonwas losing a capable teacher and a goodcitizen.—Mies Blanche Preston, Arrowtown,has been appointed temporary teacher ofthe Gibbston School.—Mr. James Begbie,whose death took place in Dunedin onSaturday last, was for many years a resi-dent of ArroWtown, where ho carried onbusiness as a storekeeper and boarding-house-keeper. He was 70 years of age, and leavesa family of four sons and four daughters.

General.—The Arrow Borough Council hasvoted £2O to the British Red Cross "OurDay " appeal.

MOSSBURN.Weather.—The weather for the end of July

and so far this month has been the worstexperienced for many years. One heavy fallof snow of 9in, followed by frost, lay onthe ground for a few days. The ground wasonly clear when another heavy fall occurred—about Ift on the flat to a greater depth onthe higher country. The ridges are onlybeginning, to show through the snow now,and stock which has survived on high•country must be in a very low condition.The hard weather has interfered with agri-cultural work, and, not being able to getexperienced teamsters, tho farmers are work-ing at a disadvantage. Tho weather hadimproved slightly, but the last three dayswo have had fog and mists.

Y.M.C.A.—On Wedensday, 7th August, avery successful auction and sale of workwas held in the hall on behalf of theY.M.C.A. The district contributed to theY.M.C.A.'s appeal most liberally for sosmall a place. The net proceeds realised£3OO. A sale of work, high tea, and supperby the ladies realised over £SB, . and theauction sale and produce over £7O. Theremainder was made up of contributions.

_ The district is greatly indebted to MrFotheringham for coming- from Lumsden toact as auctioneer. Snow commenced to fallbefore 3 p.m., and snowed steadily untilafter midnight, thereby interfering with theattendance, which no doubt would bave beenlarger, also making it unpleasant for those■who had to go home any distance.

Farewell.—A social was held in the liaillon Tuesday, August 13, to bid farewell toPrivate W. Fannings, who was dov.-n oilfinal leave. Mr Herbert Beer made_ thepresentation of a set of brushes, and wishedPrivate Fannings good luck. Mr C. Bakera!so spoke, and Private Fannings thankedthe people- for their good wishes, and hopedto return again. Dancing was indulged in,and supper was given by the ladies. Songswere given by Mrs F. Crosbio, Miss IreneBurke, and Master. Alix Re id, and recitationsby Mesdames Christie and A. Beer. Mr H.Beer supplied the music, assisted by MrsCrosbie. A meeting was held to help theCopper Trail., so the district will be keptbusy.

WAIKAIA.September 2.—Fins spring weather lies

been enjoyod during the week, drying tlioground nicoly, until Saturday, when rainfell. Cold north-east winds commenced, andcontinued all Sunday. There is atill deepsnow on the mountains.

Social.—The Christian Endeavour socialon tho 27th nit. was a grant process. Iter.\V. Main presided, and ga'.-.; a short address.Solos wexa given by Airs Thomson and MissStirling; recitations by Ml-3 31'Donald, ALva

Wilson, Mr Thompson, and Mr Deem;and piano solos by Misses A. Nahkies andE. Stewart. Games were greatly enjoyed,and the evening closed with the benedictionand a vorse of the National Anthem.

TUTURAU.September 2.—Good weather lias prevailed

here now for three weeks, and farmers areall busy ploughing. Though much of thelow ground is still too wet to turn over, withdrying Winds it will soon be fit. Work willhave to be pushed on early and late now, asall team work is far behind our usual, andthe milk factory will open agai nthis month.There is very little grass yet, but theturnips are now coming to bloom, and haveto bo eaten off. Fruit trees are burstinginto leaf and bloom.

Social.—A social was held in honour ofPrivate M'Kinna, when down on final leavo,which was well attended. Dancing, games,and musical items passed a very enjoyableevening, terminating abcuit 11 p.m.

WAIPIATA.September I.—The Weather conditions in

this district during August have been theseverest experienced for some years. Heavysnow fell on the Bth. and intense frostshave prevailed. On the night of the 9th32deg to 38deg of frost was registered ondifferent thermometers, and the variousowners thought their instruments had becomeerratic,' until comparing notes with eachother. For over two months outdoor workhas been impossible, but. during the last weekconditions have become more pleasant, andwo have now some evidence of spring. Theroads are drying up, plants are showinggrowth, and lamb 3 have been making theirappearance during the last fortnight.

His First Ride in a Train.—We have stillsome early settlers up here, and one _ofthesp, a man about 70, had occasion to visitDunedin. This was his first ride in a train,-and one will understand the fresh excite-ments of such a visit. Ho went down tothe wharve3 to see the ships, and have alook for that big shipment of whisky—a. veryuseful commodity up here,—and 1 that churchorgan, but he could neither find whisky ororgan.

Petitions.—We have had a canvasseraround this district soliciting names to theAlliance petition, and he is doing goodbusiness. Some of the people have obligedhim by signing his petition as well .:s theone put in circulation -by the Liquor party.As these people who signed the prohibitionpetition are not dry said do not intend votingprohibition, it shows the futility and useless-ness of button-holing people prior to elec-tions:-1

General.—Our postmistress has returnedfrom her annual holiday and resumed duties.On dit a vacancy will occur in the postoffice shortly, and" there is keen competitionfor the position. It is hoped the depart-ment will place a relumed soldier in theposition, as there is a contract being let foradditions to tho office.—The rabbit industryhas taken a new lease of life, and the localmarket is busy again.—Mr and Mrs W. H.Ure have returned from Christcburch, andhave settled down to usual domestic duties.—Church matters are waking up' again, theparish being supplied by students the lasttwo Sundays.

MOMONA.August 31.—Our fears of a flood expressed

in my letter of la.st week were fortunatelynot realised. The rain ceased on Monday,and though there was a good deal of surfacewater lying about there was no overflow fronithe river. The climatic conditions of thisweek have very similar to those of thepreceding week—fin© "until the week wasnearly ended, and. then heavy rain. Thisafternoon a thick drizzling rain set in fromthe south-west and continues. Certainly itis disheartening to farmers, but there is somemeasure of consolation in the reflectionthat though we have had a great deal ofrain during the past fortnight we have alsoexperienced more warmth in the atmospherethan past experience has led us to expectat ithis season. There has been a markedgrowth in pasturage, particularly in paddocksof young grass from which stock have beenexcluded and provided no very cold weatherintervenes wo may reasonably expect to haveplenty of grass at an earlier period than wegenerally expect it here. There has beenno team work done during the week, andas • the ground is now very wet it will pro-bablv be some considerable time before' workcan be resumed. In the meantime the seasonis wearing on, and farmers' chances of get-ting any wheat sown ax& becoming veryremote.

• Red Cross Concert.—A concert in aid ofRed Cross Funds was hold in the Mom onaHall on Thursday evening, August 22. MrJohn Campbell presided, and there was avery large attendance, the hall being filledto the doors. The programme was providedby «. party of Dunedin artists, and that itmet with the approval of the large audi-ence was manifested by the insistent de-mand for recalls, every performsr b?ingobliged to give additional items. Certainlyit was one of the most enjoyable enter-tainments ever given in M'omona. Vocalsolos were rendered by Mr and Mrs Laid-law, Mr and Mrs HaM, and Mr T. Harvey;■monologues, Mr R. Vivian and Mr Harvey;pianoforte solo, Mrs liaidlaw, who alsoplayed all the accompaniments. Some of thesongs Were beautifully illustrated, thelantern being manipulated by Mr Simpson.Subsequent to the concert dancing was in-dulged in for some time to music suppliedbv

""

Mr and Mrs Barron and Messrs J.Glover and A. M'Hattie. The M.C.'s wereMessrs A. M'Hattie and J. M'Neill. Thenet result, of the concert and dance wasjEI6 9s 6tl.

Reception to Returned Soldiers. —OnFriday evening, September 13. & receptionis being tendered to Privates G. Niehol andR. Sprott, who have returned from thewar.

BALCLUTHA.September 2. —Last week there was an ex-

ceptionally fine spell of weather, but onSaturday a heavy es stealy rain commencedthat again satirrated the soil. On the Cluthaflat the ground -s very wet, and gardeningloperations in the town, as a co-nsrque-r.ee,have had to be greatly curtailed so far thisyear. On tho hijjher slopes, however, theland does not hold so much moisture.

Clifton Settlement.—A great d<n\ of dis-cussion about the suitability of the CliftonSettlement as a returned soldiers' holdinghas eventuated at local meetings. The T?e-iumed Soldiers' Club has now taken thematter up, and a deputation from thoassociation, in company with a number oflocal farmers, visited the estate Die otherday to inquire into tho settlers' grievances.Tho deputation found that the settlers'troubles seemed to be two—namely: (1) Therent was too high; rnd (21 money advancedby the Government could be expended onlyunder tho supervision of a ranger, with theresult that all stock and material had to bobought at largely increased rates over theruling market price. The association pur-posed making representations to thoauthorities with a view to having these 00a-

ditions remedied, and with that end in viewcommunicated with the locail branch of theFarmers' Union to enlist its support in thematter. The farmers decided at their meet-ing on Saturday to support the associationin any representations it made. It was alsosuggested that the Government should ap-point some reliable local farmer or stockagent as the ranger, or make a demonstrativearea of part of the settlement, and employ apermanent man who could act in the roleof ranger and adviser. It was also thoughtadvisable that the Government should givethe men a year's rent free, the money tobe sunk in improvements on the property.It was pointed out that although at firstgreat difficulty was experienced in payingthe rent, in a number of cases this couldbe quito easily paid after a year or two h- a<lbeen spent on the place.

Locail Hospital.—Despite tho answerreceived from tho Minister of Internal Affairswith respect to the proposal to _ have a>separate hospital district formed in SouthOtago, the local bodies interested are con-tinuing their operations with a view toobtaining their desideratum. If they fail tohave their demands acceded to during thecurrency of the- war, the machinery will beready to resume operations at the close ofhostilities, when conditions once more re-turn to a more, normal ebb. The presentprohibitive cost of all building necessitiesand appliances such as would be requiredto equip an institution that would meetthe needs of the. district prevent any likeli-hood of a hospital being gone on with atthe present time. Yet.in a growing countrycentre such as Batlclntha the need for moreefficient hospital service close at hand isdaily impressed upoM all. A further generalmeeting of delegates from all tho local bodiesinterested will be held this month.

Personal.—Lieutenant Alex. T. Johnston, awell-known locail boy, has been killed inaction in France. He was born and edu-cated at Balclutha,, and later entered theteaching profession. Private .Fergus Jackand Private John P. Black have beenwounded.—Mr H. Coop is at present reliev-ing stationmastcr at Balclutha.

OAMARU.September 1.—The winter lias been very

cold and with very little sunshine,and keen, cold air coming off the sea. Thenightly keen frosts now seem to be at anend. The weeping willows are now quitsgreen. It is worthy of note that in the lateharvesting districts, spring is quite early, thesame as in other places.

Cost of Living.—The butchers are now ask-ing their customers to bring their own wrap-ping paper, failing which Id for smallpackages and 2d for large will be charged.The fish famine still continues. When thesea. i 3 a bit calm and some of the fishermenventure out, they find that the fish won'tbite. All provisions are having an upwardtendency, nevertheless there is always a good-sized audience in the high-priced seats inthe theatres.

It is seldom that farms change bands inthis district, but there was an exception atHerbert the other day, when ilk- Robert 3.Elliott, from Wanaka, Jeased Mr Scott's farmfor five years.

Death.—There was a painfully suddendeath in the hospital recently. _Mre o.>is,nee Eosie, of Weston, was an inmate forabout 10 days to undergo an operation, and!was progressing well when she suddenly tooka relapse and died before Mr Olds could getto the hospital. Mr Olds is left with afamily of eight, the eldest a boy of 16 andthe youngest twins, little toddlers. Mr B.Billing, the pastor of the .Baptist Church inOiamaru, preached a most eloquent memorialservice in memory of the' late Mrs Olds,while the organist, Mr B. Carrad, playedthe "Bead March' in "Saul."

MILBURN AND CLARENDON.September 2.—Some beautifulj mild, sunny-

days have bzen our lot lately, interspersedWith cold, easterly rain and wind. Some ofthe grass paddocks are showing up quitegreen, but there is not much feed in them,yet. The ground' is still wet, and prac-tically no grain-sowing ha 3 been done; and.unless the weather takes up soon, there willbe less wheat than ever grown in the district.

Changes.—Many changes are taking placein the district. Mr Wilcocks has sold hisfarm to Mr Crossan, of Goodwood; MrMorriss has sold his to Mr Answick; MrFraser to Mr J. M'Groutber; Mr W. Hare toMr R. Wilson; and Mr Milmine has alsosold his place at Circle Hill. In each casethe price is said to be a very satisfactoryone, showing that land is not dropping invalue in this district at least.

Personal.—Corporal R. G. Brabyn, whiledown on final leave, was farewelled at MrTomkinson's residence by a goodly numberof local residents, and presented with a- safetyrazor and soldier's Testament.—Previous toleaving the district Mr and Mrs "Wilcocksand Miss Wilcocks were also farewelled at asocial gathering at Fort Hill, when _ Mr W.J. Lawrence, on behalf of the' district, pre-sented Mrs Wilcocks with a handbag, MrWilcocks with a brief bag, and Miss Wil-cocks. with. a gold brooch, and best wisheswere expressed for their future. Mr Wil-cocks's clearing sale was very largely at-tended! and competition was good through-out. Word has been received that CaptainA.. E. Alexander has been promoted to major,but has had to have his eye removed owingto wounds received. The siding into -thenew phosphate works at Clarendon is nowpractically completed, and the walls of thobuilding are beginning to rise.

HAMMER SPRINGS.August 30. —On Thursday evening the

usual weekly social was held hi NurseCavell Ward at the Queen Mary Hospital,when Bombardier Gibson and Private Ash-croft contributed solos. A " Casey's Parade"for ladies was won by Miss Stewart. During'tin* evening Captain Clifton presented thofollowing prizes won at the various com po-tions: —Basket swinging—Private. Walton.Billiard tournament, A grade—Private R. J.Fraser; billiard tournament, B grade—Private Montgomery 1, Private Lyford 2.Euchre tournament—Private C. W. Hall 1,Private- Francis 2. Golf tournament (firstprize presented by Private Buchanan) —Private Silvcrwood 1, B. Morris 2. Caseyparade—Private Heathcote. Euchre tourna-ment —Lance-corporal Shand.

SOUTHLAND NEWS NOTES.(From Our Own Correspondent.)

IXVERCARGILL, August 31.The business men of the Dominion are

taking up the prohibition campaign with a

great interest, and some of them are sub-scribing very heavily to the fund. Not onlythis, but they have secured the services ofMr A. W. Rodger for a. six months' Do-minion canvassing campaign, beginning withtho North Island. Meanwhile the drinkpeople are not idle, and are obtaining signa-tures to a petition opposing a referendumon the question.

The profit and loss account of tho South-land Pacing Club for its last-financial year,which has just been published, shows aprofit for the year of' £263, notwithstandingthat the club had bad weather for both itsrace meetings. The gate takings suffered,but the tota-h'sator investments increased somuch as to off-set the loss and leave theprofit mentioned.

Tho Southland League, having failed tosecure exemption for its secretary and hav-ing also failed to make satisfactory arrange-ments for a successor, has notified the WarFunds Association that that body shouldnow endeavour, to provide offices and astaff for itself. The league, which hasalready done good work for _ Southland inEeverai directions, has appointed a com-mittee- to consider the question of makinguse of water power in Southland for the pur-pose- of extracting nitrates from tho air.

Mr Clare (harbourmaster) has advised theHarbour Committee of the Borough Councilthat heavy seas have to a- large _ extentneutralised tho effect of tho ebb tides inkeeping a safe depth of water a-t the mouthof the New River, and expresses the fearthat if the state of affairs becomes moreunsatisfactory it will be impossible for atime for vessels of any considerable draughtto come .up to Invcrcargill.

The Copper Trail campaign has alreadyresulted hi nearly £7OOO being secured inSouthland, and the movement is only nowbeing properly organised, so the final resultis likely to be very creditable to the dis-trict.

At the annual meeting of the SouthlandCaledonian Society, held on Friday even-ing, Mr G. Taylor was elected president.The society during the past year was ableto make very considerable donations to thevan-ions patriotic funds, and yet starts thenew year with a credit balance of over£IOO.

At Thursday's meeting of the InvercargillBorough Council attention was drawn to thefact that Mr E. G. Foster (the borough'stramway manager and electrical engineer)was about to go into camp. The feet thatMr Foster had asked the council not toappeal on his behalf was favourably com-mented on. Mr Eabbidge . (gas- engineer)has been appointed acting manager duringMr Fester's absence on service.

Master C. Dixon still leads in the South-land egg-laying competition, his total being498 eggs. The next three are E. C. Fer-guson 489, Mrs Gorinsky 469, and CharlesThomson 463.

During the recent visit of the Hon. J. A.Hanan (Minister of Education) to Invear-cargill he was waited upon by a deputationrepresenting the High Schools a.nd TechnicalCollege Boards, who urged upon him theneed for increased school accommodation.Mr B. A. Anderson, the principal speaker,pointed out that the present accommodationwas quite inadequate. The board some timeago secured 20 ceres of .the collegiatereserve in the hope of erectinga new school there, the cost of which wouldprobablv be about .£20,000; but the beardwas willing to hand over its present schooland adjoining buildings, which were pro-bably worth about £I O.OOO. They did notconsider it unreasonable to make the re-quest at this time, as grants had been madequite recentlv to roth Auckland and NewPlymouth. The Minister said he recognisedthe need for a, new school, and would givethe matter every consideration. He did not,however, commit himself to a promise thatthe money would be foi-thcominar.

The fact th.it previous endeavours byInvercar'gill public bodies to have thethrouerh express service resumed have endedin failure is not recorded locally as makingthe position hopeless, and the BoroughCouncil, in view of tlv fact that an altera-lion in tbf running of the express in thefavour of Dunediu is about to be m.ide. areendeavouring to secure support for anotherapplication to the Minister of Railways fora, through express for Invercargill.

On Sunday afternoon last the dead bodyof a swawv was fou'id under a gorsefence at M'Xab, near Gore, and inquirieshave resulted in the bodv being identifiedas that of David Gresrg. n labouring niMl.An examination has established Hip frtct<hat the cans* of death was exhaustion fol-lowing peritonitis.

Two bovs named Elder, sons of ■ Mr Wm.Elder, of Gladstone, went missinor on Mon-dav last, and every endeavour to trace thornfoiled until ThurscViy. when th"v arrived attheir uncle's fhrm at Dacre. Thev had slept

out during the interval, and had subsistedchi<-fh' on turnips.

Tho balance shoat of the southlandFarmers' Co-operative Association for theyear ended 31st July, 1918. shows a. netprofit of £7im 7s 7d„ out of which a. 6 percent, dividend to preference shareholders isprovided.

FIRES.FOXTOX, September 2.

Whyte's Hotel, a wooden building, wastotally destroyed by fire. Ths flames spreadto an adjoining block of buildings occupiedby Ban- (draper), Wanklyn (billiard room),Walls (baker), and Teviotdale. This, withthe exception of Walls's bakery, was totallydestroyed. Both buildings were owned byMr F. S. Easton. Thera was no insuranceon the brick building. The insuranceswere: Hotel, £2030 (and contents, £1540) ;Ban- (stock), £2000; Wanklyn, £350;Teviotdale, £loO.

The City Fire Brigade received a call toa five-roomed houss in Agnew street at8.50 on Monday morning. The house, whichwas owned and occupied by Mrs Haughton,was completely destroyed. It was insuredwith tho Alliance for £203, and the furni-ture was also insured for £SO at the sameoffice. The flames spread to tho adjoin-ing house—a five-roomed dwelling, occupiedby Mrs Crockett and owned by Mr Kaye,of London street,—and damaged the roof.The furniture of this dwelling was insuredwith the New Zealand Company for £l5O.The house on the north side of the dwell-ing where the fire started was slightlydamaged. It was insured with the Vic-toria Company for £2OO. As tho pressureof water was insufficient till a lead_ wasbrought in from Clyde street, the brigadewas placed at a great disadvantage. Thofire is supposed to have started in the kit-chen of. Mrs Haughton's dwelling.

COAL MINES DISPUTE

CONFERENCE TO BE HELD.

DENNTSTON MINE WORKING.

WESTPORT, August 27.The Donniston mine is still working, bui

tho output is very small, and tho railwayyard at West-port is still congested with long'strings of empty coal wagons, a ratherpathetic sight when it is remembered thattho times are already dull. A goodly num-ber of colliers who were putting in time intown returned to their country residencesto-day.

It is freely mentioned that work will boresumed at all the mines to-morrow, butthere are no substantial reasons for thostatement.

The Wostport Times learns by telephonethat it is the general impression round aboutMillerton that tho men are not going backto work.

STATE MINE WORKING.GREYMOUTII, August 2jß.

Tho Blackball and Paparoa mines arestill idle. The State mine is working asusual.

STOCKTON MEN RESUME WORK.WESTPORT, August 29.

Mr R. Semple addressed meetings atStockton and Millerton yesterday.

The Stockton miners returned to work tlu3morning.

BLACKBALL AND PAPAROA MINES.GREYMOUTH, September 2.

A meeting of men engaged at the Black-ball and Paparoa mines was held this morn-ing. It was ultimately decided by a largemajority to resume work to-morrow, pend-ing the result of the conference with thocoal owners.

Members of the executive of the MinersFederation will leave to-morrow for Wel-lington to«moet the coal owners.

ALL WESTPORT MINES WORKING.WESTPORT, September 2.

The so-called strike has fizzled out; andall the mines are working to-day.

The coal export last week was 3000 tons,as against an average of 16,000 tons.

CASE FOR THE MINERS.

STATEMENT BY MR SEMPLE.WESTPORT. August 30.

Mr R. Semnle called at the Times officethis morning, and made the following state-ment for publication :

Since the national ballot of miners wastaken according,,to instructions from thefederation their officers had been strivingto get a conference with the coal-ownersthrough the Government, with a view toarriving at a settlement. After severaldays the officers extracted two proposalsfrom the Government—firstly, a . commis-sion ; and if the employers refused a com-mission they . guaranteed a conference con-ditionally 'that the men returned to. workwhile negotiations were progressing. With-out committing tho ,men to either of theproposals, we agreed to place them beforeall unions, including those idle, with a re-quest 'to return to work while these nego-tiations were on . •

The Blackball. Roa, and Millerton unionsdisagree with the proposals to return towork. Messrs Parry and O'Rourke wereputting tho proposals before the northernunions, but he did not know 'the result.None of the northern mines was on strike.

Yesterday morning, on his return to town, /

ho (Mr Semple) received a memo, from thoMinister of Mines informing him that theGovernment had arranged a' conferenceforthwith between the owners and the fede-ration representatives, conditionally thatthe men returned to work while the con-ference was proceeding. It will thus beseen that the miners have won out on thequestion of the recognition of their organi-sation, and are now in a position to meetthe employers-round the table to discuss thequestion of 20 per cent, .increase in theirwages: but it is for those miners who areon strike to say whether they will returnto work and allow the conference to takeplace. If the conference turn out unsuc-cessful the position •will be again in theminers' hands, seeing that they asked tho IGovernment to call the conference. Hesaw no other course left open for thembut to return to work and comply withthe Minister's request, pending a satisfac-tory settlement.

,

The officers of the federation have doneeverything that is humanly possible tobring about a conference, and it was thewish of the officers that nothing shouldbo done that might retard their endeavours.Everything that had been done had beencarried out with due consideration of alltho surrounding circumstances, and in strictconformity with the instructions receivedfrom the federation; and the memo, re-ceived yesterday was a substantial proofthat the work done had been for the good,not only of the miners, but of the wholecommunity. The federation had absoluteconfidence in the justice of the miners' de-mands, and felt that if the employers provedat all liberal the miners' request for anincrease would.be granted without delay,and thus put an end to what promised tobe a national dislocation of • the industries.The miners of the West Coast were unani-mous in their opinion that a Royal Com-mission was not a satisfactory way in whichto attempt to settle a dispute which hadnow been before the employers for the pastseven or eight months, and the men rightlythought the matter ought to be settledwithout further delay; but they were notopposed to a commission 'to go generallyinto the coal question.

MEETING OF MINE-OWNERS.

CONDEMNATION OF GOVERNMENTPREMATURE.WELLINGTON, August 28.

The coal-mine-owners are meeting inWellington to consider the questions theproposed conference and of a Royal Com-mission, and the Cabinet expects to receivetheir views to-day. The Cabinet has notyet considered the breach of law by thostrikers.

Referring to the published protests againsttho commission, the Minister of Mines saysthey are premature, as the Government's in-tentions have not yet been announced. ThoBoard of Trade has presented an interim re-port, and is now waiting in Wellingtonpending the result of the employers' con-ference. If necessary, the Minister states,powers will bo given to tho board to con-tinue - its investigations. Its functions,

September 4, 1918, OTAGJ WITNESS. 23

" On the average over the year six sailorsarc drowned every night." stated Mr JamesMoore (missionor to the Sailors' FriendSociety) in Wellington recently.

A trespasser on the ground surroundingthe Wa.nganui Detention Barracks has hislucky star to thank for escaping a bulletduring the early hours of a morning dur-ing the past week. What took him thereat the hour of 2 o'clock can only be sur-mised, but the sentry, seeing his stealthyapproach and suspicious action, challengedhim. The trespasser immediately ran, andthe sentry, in pursuance of his instructions,gent a shot after him. Fortunately for thepursued one, it missed, and the latterquicklv disappeared from sight.

however, concern prices, and do not extendto disputes between employers and em-ployed.

THE GOVERNMENT DETERMINED

AN INQUIRY TO BE INSTITUTED.WELLINGTON, August 28.

The coal owners put their views and pro-posals before Ministers this afternoon, andthe Cabinet then considered the matter.Afterwards Sir James Allen made the fol-lowing- announcement:—j. he Government,

has taken steps which it is hoped willsecure a return of the miners to work im-mediately. The Government is also deter-mined to institute an inquiry, under sec-tions 7 and 8 of the Cost of Living Actinto the cost of the production of coal andof its distribution. Tlio Minister said hocould not give details of the Government sproposals, because they have first to be sub-mitted to the miners of the dominion.

August 29.. The Hon. W. D. S. MacDonald repeatsthat the employers' associations have boonmisinformed as to the Government's inten-tions and proposals. In all his referencesto the possibility of an inquiry ho had men-tioned the Board of Trade, and any investi-gation would be b'y this body or by personsto whom the board could delegate its powers.The Minister has in mind an inquiry of thekind to satisfy the public, who have exer-cised great patience.

OWNERS AGREE TO CONFERENCEMINERS MUST RETURN TO WORK.

WELLINGTON, August 30.The coal-owners have agreed to meet the

men in conference, and a reply from theminers is expected this evening. _ It is

understood that one of the conditions isthat the men shall resume work at-once.

WAY OPEN FOR CONFERENCEWELLINGTON, September 2.

Now that all tho striking miners' unionshavo agreed to go to work at once,the way is open for the arrangement of aconference, and it is'now certain that thoconference will be held. The date has stillto be arranged, but will probably be nextweek.

THE MINE-OWNERS' POSITION.(Fuou OBb Own Coeeesfondknt.)

WELLINGTON, August 29.The mine-owners have again been put in

a wrong position by the Government in.this dispute with the miners. "In the first-place, when the miners asked for a conler-ence, the owners were told by the Govern-ment that if increases were given to thomen these must not be considered to be anexcuse for an increase in the price of coalto the- consumer. The ooal-owner3, underthese circumstances, refused to consider thequestion of raising wages. They mighthave refused the conference in any case,but the Government persuaded them toagree to say nothing about the conditionimposed, upon them that the price, of coalmust not be increased. The Governmentasked the owners to sit tight for a while,and they sat tight. In these last negotia-tions the owners were persuaded to agreethat nothing should be given for publicationexoepfc by Sir James Allen, but they under-stood that all the facts would be at oncopublished. The position now is that theminers' representatives and the strikers knowall about the ideas, but thepublic know nothing at all.

MR SEMPLE INTERVIEWED,

EXECUTIVE'S ACTION JUSTIFIED.GREYMOUTH, September 2.

In an interview with a Star reporter thisafternoon, Mr Semple said that_ on accountof the rumours prevalent regarding the atti-tude taken up by the executive and theofficials of the Miners' Federation in regardto tho dispute, he 'wished to say that thecriticism was exceedingly unfair, and therewas a misunderstanding regarding the find-ing of the recent congress. The executiveright through had loyally obeyed the in-structions of the congress, and officials hadobeyed the orders given them by the execu-tive. In making this statement he woulddefy contradiction. Right through thoexecutive had endeavoured to bring abouta conference with the coal owners, and thiswas the reason why, after the ballot' hadbeen taken, the seven days' grace had beengiven to the Government and the coalowners. Tho present negotiations were thoresult of the executive's efforts., and theyhoped that the negotiations would lead to asettlement of the dispute, not only in theinterests of tho miners, but also of thegeneral public, who required some con-sideration.

It had been freely stated that the execu-tive was not representative of tho unions,and that the union that had oeased workwould refuse to accept the executive's ad-vice to return to work. He was pleasedto say that such was not the case. Inall cases the unions had accepted the execu-tive's advice, and were _ returning to Avork,showing that the federation was really repre-sentative of the miners and of the unionsto which they belonged.

Mr Semple concluded by paying a tributeto_ the manner in which the Minister ofMines had endeavoured to bring about asettlement. Ho had, he said, acted exceed-ingly fairly in tho dispute so far, and thominers and the general public should bedeeply grateful to him for the way inwhich he had worked to prevent a disloca-tion of the industry.

Messrs Winnard-and Semple will returnto Wellington to-morrow. The other officialsof the executive of the federation are alreadythere, awaiting tho return of Messrs Win-nard and Semple, who have been detainedowing to trouble on the West Coast. Theconference with the owners will take placeat an early date, and_ it is hoped that anamicable settlement will bo arrived at.

The unions have resumed work under theexecutive's instructions.

PROTEST AGAINST- ROYALCOMMISSION.

CHRISTCHURCH, August 27.Tho following telegram was forwarded to-

day by the Canterbury Employers' Associa-tion to Sir James Allen (Acting PrimeMinister) and Mr MacDonald (Minister

__

of Mines):—" Re coal mining dispute. The.1 Canterbury Employers' Association protests

against any propsal to set up a Royal Com-mission, with power to override the provi-sions of the Arbitration Court awards orregistered industrial agreements, and sug-gests that/ matters such as coal prices andshipping rates shoud be investigated bytho Board of Trade. We strongly urge thatyou support the action taken by tho Coal-mine Owners' Association. We would pointout the high wages earned and short hours

worked by the miners. The Governmentshould maintain a strong attitude againstthe claims made by the Miners' Federa-tion."

Resolutions similar to tho above werepassed by tho Dunedin, Auckland, Welling-ton, Hawkc's Bay, New Plymouth', andWanganui Employers' Associations.

CONGRATULATORY RESOLUTIONTho Otago Labour Council has forwarded

tho following communication to the ActingPrim© Minister (Sir James Allen) and theMinister of Mines (tho Hon. W. D. S.MacDonald):—"ln re coal mining dispute.The Otago Labour Council congratulates theGovernment upon action taken in re confer-ence of Miners' Federation and Coal-mineOwners' Association, and if such conferencefails to bring settlement wo strongly urgethat you carry out suggestion of setting upa Royal Commission to thoroughly investi-gate the causes of disagreement. Wo de-precate the action of the Employers' Asso-ciations endeavouring to create serious dis-location of industry. '

STRIKE OF LONDONPOLICE.

INCREASED PAY CONCEDED.RECOGNITION OF THE UNION.

(By Cable.)The Policemen's Union has decided to

strike for recognition of the union andhigher pay. iNormally, the Metropolitan Police Forcenumbered 23,200, but it is now estimatedat 24,800. The men's demands consist of apermanent addition to wages of 20s weekly,plus 124 per cent, war bonus; secondly,the reinstatement of Constable Thiel, pro-vincial organiser, who was dismissed forassociation with the union 5 thirdly, official

of the union. It is understoodthat the report that the 20s increase hadbeen conceded was incorrect. In any case,the union insists upon other demands.

Officials declare that London pay is farbelow provincial rates. They expect thatbetween 4000 and 5000 will strike to-dayand hold a mass meeting at Tower Hillthis evening. v

-

The Scotland Yard authorities state thatthey have no idea how far the union re-presents the police forces. Some divi-sional officers deny that the union "has anylarge support.

The police declared a strike at midnightunless the increase was granted. ScotlandYard thereupon announced that the in-creased pay was authorised.

Practically all the city police havestruck. The strikers, at a mass meeting,decided -to request the executive to • beallowed to interview the Cabinet in orderto explain the demands.

Mr Smith refused, but said the unionexecutive was willing to see a committeefrom all stations. Owing to the absepceof police several attempts were made torob jewellers' shops in the Strand bysmashing windows.

Twelve thousand police are now onstrike. There were exciting scenes at Scot-land Yard. Five hundred strikers, headedby a piper, marched, singing "Fall inand follow me." When the strikers sawpolicemen on duty they cried: " Black-legs!" "Dirty dogs!" or "Are we afraid'of the army?" The streets were crowdedto watch the unaccustomed sight.

The strike is likely to extend to theprovinces. In the south -the authoritieshave called out for duty special constableswho have been, supplementing the work ofthe police since the war.

THE STRIKE SETTLED.The police strike was settled after Mr

Lloyd George had received a deputation.The men are to receive 13s weekly in-crease, and will resume duty immediately.

The police settlement was arrived afcafter a conference, Mr Lloyd George andother Ministers meeting the executive ofthe police unions. A mass meeting ofstrikers unanimously endorsed the terms.

The concessions are : An increase of 13sa week to all ranks, plus the existing warbonuses of 12s and 2s 6d for each childof school age, and also a new concessionof a non-contributory pension to widowsof 10s a week and £2 a year for each child.The unconditional reinstatement of Con-stable Thiel was agreed to, and officialrecognition of the authorised body wasconceded, but not of the police tradesunion.

The meeting cheered the president'sstatement that Mr Lloyd George was in-dignant over their treatment, and intendedto ascertain why he had been kept inignorance of their grievances.

Soldiers who had been fighting resentedthe police strike. While the strikerswere proceeding along the Strand theycaptured a special constable, who wasregulating the traffic, and compelled himto march with them. A number of sailorsand colonial soldiers rescued him, booedthe processionists, and asked : " Whydon't you join the army, you slackers?"

LONDON, September 1.The Press Buerau reports that Lieuten-

ant-general Sir Nevil M'Cready will suc-ceed Sir E. R. Henry, K.C.8., as Com-missioner of Police in the metropolis.

The King has conferred a baronetcy onSir Edward Henry in recognition of his15 , years' distinguished service.

OMNIUM GATHERUM.The commercial travellers throughout

New Zealand have collected over £300.000for patriotic purposes during* the past fouryears.

There is now a good draught throughthe Otira tunnel since piercing, the generaldirection being from west to east, owing tothe easterly rise, in the level.

Rev. John Delapourt Russell. Chap-lain to the Forces, has been awarded theColonial Auxiliary Forces Long-serviceMedal. He has a period of service of over20 years.

Advice was received in Christchurch lastweek that a large fire- had occurred atPaeroa, resulting in damage estimated at£4OOO being done to the principal block ofbuildings.

It is understood that a big field ofcoal has been located on the State minereserve at Point Elizabeth (says the West-port News). The quality is something be-tween a lignite and a brown coal.

Mrs Wima, claimed to be 103 years ofage, died at Manukau on Sunday week.Her husband was one of the peacemakersjn the Maori war, and when he died wasinterred at the expense of the Government.

Two donations to patriotic funds werevoted by the trustees of the AucklandSavings Bank last week. A eum of £SOOwas allotted, to the Church Army HutsFund, and £IOO to the Tribute to FranceFund.

A young man, Denis Gunn (24), whohad escaped from military custody at FortCautley, Devonport, in the middle of July,was re-captured last week. He was foundwith a brother, who was also wanted, livingat a house in Newton.

Owing to tho Hutt district being in tlionew Otaki electorate (says the Otaki Mail),Mr A. M. Samuel, who opposed the Hon.T. M. Wilford at the last general election,has definitely decided to contest the Otakiscat at the next election.

According to one witness in the casebefore tho Christchurch Supreme Court onFriday, the Cashmero flats are the bestdairying land in the dominion. Land therehad fetched from £65 to £75 per acre,and was going up to £IOO per acre.

The Dunstan Hospital is still in tho very.unsatisfactory position of being without adoctor, and there seems little nope of theposition being filled, despite the fact thatthe board is doing everything possible to fillthe position (says the Dunstan Times).

As an illustration of the comparativesafety of air travel. Colonel Sleeman(Director of Military Training) stated in alecture at Auckland that nearly 200 pupilshad gained flight certificates in the twoNew Zealand aviation schools without asingle fatal accident.

There is a family of four brothers inWellington. A few years ago they weronoted footballers—among""" the biggest for-wards in tho land. Before the MilitaryMedical Boards three, have been classed asunfit for active service, and the other is togo to the CI Camp.

The first green peas of tho season madetheir appearance at the Wellington marketson the 23rd. and wero sold at 5s 4d nerpeck, probably the highest price ever,paid for peas in Wellington. They are notexpected to be plentiful in Wellington untilthe end of next month.

Last year the Empire's Red Cross ad-ministration expended approximately£4,000,000 in cash on the needs of the sickand wounded soldiers and sailora. Besid?sthis, nearly £1,000,000 worth of - articles ofclothing were 'to, and distributedthrough, the organisation.

The Milton Borough Council has decidedto donate £lO to the fund being raised forthe dependents of Britain's mcreanttlomarine who lose their bread-winners throughthe activities of the enemy's submarine?,etc. The Mayor will make a publio appealfor funds at an earlv date.

A party of fishermen operating on theprolific schnapper grounds, just a little tothe north of the mouth of tho.Patea River,went out in a small boat one day last week.After they had caught 12 dozen largo fishthe small craft swamped, with the result-that one man was drowped.

Speaking before the Workers' EducationalAssociation on Saturday. 24th ult. (says thoLyttelton Times), the Hon. G. W. Russellsaid that in one of the institutions underthe control of his department was a ladywho had reached the age of 107 years. Shewas an invoterato smoker, but he could notsay whether this was in any way responsiblefor her longevity.

COMMERCIAL.At a meeting of directors of Kempthorne,

Prcsscr, ancV Co.'s New Zealand Drug Com-pany (Ltd.), 'held on the 28th ult., an in-terim dividend of 3h per cent, was declared.

AUSTRALIAN MARKETS.MELBOURNE, August 30.

Barley: Chevalier, 6s, 6s 6d; Cape, 4s, 4s3d. Oats: Algerian milling, 4s, 4a 2d; feed,3s 9d, 3s Hd. Potatoes, £4 10s, £5 ss.Onions, £24, £25.

SYDNEY, August 29.Oa^, —Algerian feeding, 4s 6d; milling, 4s

9di; Tasmanian, 5s 6d. Maize, 6s. Potatoes:Tasmanian, £7 10s to £9. Onions, £25.

ADELAIDE;, August 29.Oate, 3s lOd.

OAMARU STOCK MARKET.Of BOM OUB OVCU COBKEBrONDIK*.)

OAMm~JU, August 81.The stock market presents «, better tone,

but there is not much stock of any kindoffering, and those available are generallyconfined to small lots. Canterbury buyershave been hunting the district for both sheepand cattle, but failed to fill their- require-ments, and have now gone south in questof supplies. Under such a demand sheephave held their values well. At a clear-ing sale at Five Forks yesterday, four-tooth ewes sold at 37s and 41s sd, whichconstitutes a record; mixed six and eight-tooth ewes at 35s 3d, ewe hoggets at 28s lOd,and store wethers at 28s. Sales of sheepby private treaty have for the most partbeen in small lines, the most conspicuoussale being 600 two-tooth ewes at 365, 500mixed four, five, six and eight-tooth ewesat 86s 3d, and 560 crossbred wether hoggetsat 25s 6d. Other sales of sheep have beenas follows: —Two-tooth ewes, 365; mixed sixand eight-tooth ewes, 893; sound-mouthedewes, 345; full-mouthed ewes, 265; ewe hog-gets, 28s; small ewe hoggets, 25s 6d; mixed-sex hoggets, 26s 6d and 275; cull hoggets, 19s;fat wethers, 425. A fair amount of specu-lation in lambs for forward delivery is stillbeing indulged in, sales at up to 21s 6dhaving been reported during the week.

There is not much to be reported in re-gard to cattle. A line of 22 very nice fatsteers found a buyer at £22 per bead, whileheavy-weight fat cows have been sold at £lB15s. A line of 60 . mixed-sex yearlings was

taken by a northern buyer at £U 15s.Dairy cows continue in good request, withfew for sale. At yesterday's clearing salesoows sold at £l4 10s, and £l3 ss, while heiferscoining to calf realised from £7 5s to £8 ss.

SOUTHLAND STOCK MARKET.(Fhoh Our Own Correspondent.)

INYBRCARGILL, August 31The weather has improved greatly, and it

'has had a goad effect on the local stockmarket. Hoggets and wethers are in strongdemand. Mixed-sex hoggets are selling atfrom 26s to 27s 6d, and at clearing salesextra special lines have brought as high as85s. Ewes also have been making good pricesat clearing sales, some extra special lincebringing as high as £2, while some three andfour-tooths have made from 34s to 87s. Thestore cattle market remains practically un-changed, but there is likely to be an inquirylater on for young cattle. Dairy cows areselling exceptionally well, £2O being a com-mon price for extra good lines. Tlio lat cattle,market remains about the same, extra primebullocks bringing as high as £22. At Wal-laeetown on Tuesday the yarding was tliosmallest ever entered there, being only 26head forward. Prices may be quoted:

Fat Cattle.—Extra prime bullocks, £lB 103to £2l 10s; prime, £l7 10s to £lB sa; lightand unfinished, £l4 to £ls.

Store Cattle.—Three and) SJ-year-old bul-locks, £l2 10s to £l3 10s, according to con-dition; two and 2A-year-olds, £lO 10s to £ll10s; 18-mouths, £7 5s to £8 10s; mixed-sexcalves, £3 10s to £4 10s, with better pricesfor Hereford's. Dairy cows, coming to profit,£lB 10a to £2O 10s; inferior, down to £9;springing heifers, £8 10s to £lO 10s.

Fat Sheep.—Extra prime wethers, 41s to 43s6d; prime, 3Ss to 395; light and unfinished,84s 6d; extra prime ewes, 35s to 37s 6d; lightand unfinished, 30s to 325.

Store Sheep.—Mixed-sex hoggets, 26s to 2736d; inferior,' 18s to 21s; two-tooth wethers,30s to 32s 6d; four and six-tooths, 34s to365; two-tooth ewes, 33s to 355; four-tooths,34s to 36s 6d; sound-mouthed, ewes, 2Ss to80s; full and failing-mouthed ewes, 20s 6dto 22s 6d.

ADDINGTON STOCK MARKET.CHRISTCHURCH, August 28. .

At the Addington market there were emailentries of fat cattle and fat sheep, and asharp advance iu prices in each department.Store sheep were in keener demand, especiallywethers and hoggets, no doubt on aceount ofthe more favourable shipping news. Ewes inlamb also sold better. TJjere was a gooddemand for dairy cows, and pigs soli well,especially stores, for which principal dairyfarmers have been operating.

Store Sheep.—Two and four-tooth ewes, to37s lOd; failing-mouth ewes, 20s 9d and 255;sound-mouth ewes and larnbe, all counted, 17s3d; two and four-tooth wethers, 32s 8d to40s; four and six-tooth wethers, 82s 4d to37s 3d; ewe hoggets, 19s 9d to 35s 2d; mixedeexed hoggets, 13s 3d to 25e; wether hog-gets, 19a 3d to 325.

Fat Sheep.—Extra prime wethers, to 63s';prime wethere, 44s to 50s; -medium wethers,39s 6d to 43a; lighter wethers, 32a 6d to89s; merino wethers, 21s to 335; extra prim©

jewes, to 47a 9d; prime ewee, 36s to 40s 6d;'medium ewes, 80s to 355; lighter ewes, 24sto 29s 6d; hoggets, 25a. to 45s 6d.iFat Cattle.—Extra prime steers, £29 2s 6d;

prime steers, £l9 10s to £26; ordinary ateers,£ll to £l9; prime heifers, £ls to £ls 15s;ordinary heifeTs, £lO 12s 6d to £l4 10a; extraprime cows, £2O 10a; prime oows, £l7 to £lBss; ordinary cowa, £8 17a 6d to £IC 17s 665.

Store Cattle.—Calves, £2. 12s 6d to £5;two-year h«ifers, £7 ss; two and two anda-half year ateers, £9 13s; dry cows, £5 to£lO 8s; dairy cows, £5 10s to £l6.

Pigs.—Choppers, £5 to £10; baconers, £5to £8 9a, equal to 9Jd lb; porkcre, £215s to-£4, equal to lOd per lb; large stores,£2 10s to £2 18s; medium, £2 to £2 8s;smaller, £1 12s to £1 19a; weaners, 18s to£1 12s; brood sows, £4 4s to £8 10s.

LIVE STOCK MARKET.Burnside, Wednesday, August 28. *

Fat Cattle.—2l2 yarded, which was a fullentry, and contained a larger proportion thanusual of well finished prime beef. Aa thetrade was over-supplied, prices showed a dropof about 203 per head) on those of last week.Nevertheless it was a really good sale. Extraprime bullocks, £23 2s 6d to £27 10s; prime,£l9 2s 6d to £22 17s 6d); medium, £l6 10sto £lB 10s; light, £l4 to £ls; extra primeheavy heifers, £lB 5s to £2O 12s 6d; prime,£l6 to £l7 12a 6d; medium, £l3 10s to £ls;light and aged, £lO 10s upwards. The NewZealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Com-pany sold: For John Callander (Allanton),2 bullocks £2O 10s, 2 £l7 16s, 2 £l6 17s 6d,2 £l6 15s; Thomson and Co*. (Wairongoa), 1heifer £ll, 1 £lO, Donald Reid and Co.sold: For R, A. Elliot (Middlemarch), 3 bul-locks £l3 15s, 4 £l4 12s 6d; P. Robertson(Outram). 3 bullocks £l6 17s 6d, 3 £l3 10s, 3£l2 2s 6d; Geo. Ford (Momona), 1 bullock£2O 10s, 1 £l7, 4 £l6 10s; Daniel Ford(Momona), 2 bullocks £ls; executorslate William Kirk (Mosgiel), 2 bullocks£ls; Walter Blackie, sen. (Mosgiel),2 bullocks £ls; 'Thomson and Co. . (Wai-rongoa), 2 bullocks £l4 12s 6d; W. Lindsay,jun. (Allanton), 1 bullock £l6 16s, 1 cow £ll 7s6d; J. and J. Edgar (Tapanui), 3 bullocks£l9, 2 heifers £ls 23 6d; Henderson and Co.(Wyndham; as agents), 8 bullocks £ls 15s to£lB. The National Mortgage and AgencyCompany sold: For Walter Blackie (Mosgiel),2 bullocks £ls 12s 6d. Stronach, Morris,and Co. sold: For Roberts andi Co. (Glad-brook), 2 bullocks £lB 6s, 2 £l7, 3 £l6 17s 6d,2 £l2 15s, 10 £ls 2s 6d, 1 heifer £lB ss, 3£l2 15s, 2 £11; Wm. Lindsay (Momona), 2bullocks £l7 10s, 2 £l4 15s, 2 £l4 7s 6d, 1heifer £l2 6s; 1 £9 15s; William Kirk (Mos-.giel), 2 bullocks £ls 10s; Thomson and Co.(Wairongoa), 2 bullocks £l2. Dalgety andCo. sold: Fbr R. Acton-Adams (WildenStation), 1 bullock-£23 2s 6d, 2 £22 17a 6d, 1£22 10s, 2 £l9 15s, 2 £2O 7s 6d, 2 £l9 17s 6d,2 £lB 12s 6d, 2 £l9 10s, 3 £l9 2s 6d, 2 £lB 2s6d, 3 £lB, 2 £lB 15s; a client, 1 bullock £2l7s 6d, 1 £lB 2s 6d, 3 £l6 17s 6d; JolmCallander (Allanton), 2 bullocks £lB 7a 6d.Wright, Stephenson, and Co. sold: ForRhodes's trustees (St. Andrews). 3 bullocks£22, 3 £2l 12s 6d, 3 £2O 17s 6d, 2 £2O 12s 6d,3 £2O 10s, 2 £l9 15s; Bathgate riros. (Outram),1 bullock £2l 7s 6i, 1 £2O 7s 6d, 2 £l9 10s, 2

6d< 2 £l6 12s 6d; Mrs W. Kirk (Mos-giel), 1 bullock £2O 10s, 1 £lB 7s 6d; D. Ford(Allanton), 2 bullocks £lB 15s; Thcs. Ayson(Edendale), 3 bullocks £lB 2s 6d, 3 £l6 12s 6d,2 £l4 17s 6d), 1 cow £l3 15s; K. Beattie andSons (Ngapuna), 2 bullocks £18; a client,3 bullocks £lB, 3 £l6 10s; James Brown(Woodlands), 2 bullocks £l6 2s 6d; 1 £l6, 3£l4 10s, 3 £l3 17s 6d, 3 heifers £l3 2s 6d,3 £l2 7s 6d, 3 £lO 17s 6d; Thomson and Co.(Wairongoa), 2 bullocks £l6 10s; R. Beattisand Son (Ngapuna). 1 bullock £ls ss, 1 £lO17s 6d, lheifer £7 12s 6d. The Otago Far-mers' Co-operative Association sold: For PnilClent (Balclutha), 1 bullock £27 10s, 1 £2610s 1 £26 2s 6ct, 1 £25 ss; William Hall, jun.(Patearoa), 1 bullock £2l, 2 £l7 17s 6d, 1heifer £2O 12s 6d. 1 £l7 12a Od, 2 cows £l25s 1 £l2 2s Cd; William Lindsay, sen (Allan-ton), 1 bullocks £l7 10s; D. Ford (Allanton), 2bullocks £l7 os; Thomson and Co. (Wai-

rongoa), 2 bullocks <£l6 15s; Thomas Hen-derson (GTeen Island), 1 cow £ll 15s; a client,2 bullocks £l2 15s.

Store Cuttle.—Donald Reid and Co. soldi::For David Russell (Allanton), 2 cows £9 10e,1 heifer £lO 12s Gd, 1 £7 7s 6d; trustees lateC. Lower? (Milton), 1 haifer £5 15s, 1- bull£6; R. W. Elliot (Middlemarch), 7 steera£l3 7s 6d; William Hitchon ' (Waverley), 2cattle £4 123 6d; a client. 1 bull, £6 15s.—Dal-gety and Co. sold: For James Andrews(Halfway Bush), and others, cows to £lO 5aand steers to £lO lis. Wright, Stephenson,and Co. sold: For Captain Hankey, 11 £ll17s, 11 £ll 16s, 11 £lO 7s. 10 £8 ss, 1 cow£7 10s, 1 heifer £5 16s, 1 yearling £-1 6s;J-amos Alexander (Green Island), 1 cow £lO15s. The Otago Farmers' Co-operative As-sociation sold: For W. Smith, 1 steer £lB12s 6d. 9 £lO 7a 6d, 1 £7 10s. 4 £7 6s, 2cows £7 Is, 1 heifer £l3; T. M'Millan (Caver-sham), 4 cows £9 17s; H. Gamble (Mosgiel),1 cow £8 2s 6d; T. Miller (Mosgiel), 1 cow£7, 1 £0 12s.

Dairy Cows.—Donald Reid and Co.'soldrlFor Amos Grahani (Mihhvaka), 1 £l2 ss;Caasey and Miller (Sawyers' Bav), 1 cow£ll 17s 6d, 1 heifer £8 7s 6d; David Russell(Milton), 1 cow £ll 10s; Kedzlie Bros. (Half-way Bu«h), 1 cow £ll.——Stronach, Morris,and Co. sold: For T. Maxwell (Dur.edin), 2cows £10; a client, 1 £7. Wright, Stephen-son, and Co. sold: For .a client, 1 cow £lO17s 6d; Thomson anct Co., 1 heifer £ll-; A.W. Douglass, 1 heifer £l2 10s, 1 cow £10;.T. Maxwell, 2 cows- £l3; Captain Hankey,1 cow £lO 12s 6d, 1 £lO, 1 £9 12s 6d, 1 £915s, 3 £9 10s, 1 £9 7a 6d, 2 £9 2s 6d, 2 £9, 3£8 17s 6d, 1 £8 12s 6d. 1 £8 12s, 1 £8 ss, 1 £82s 6d, 3 £7 15s, 1 £7 12s Gd, 1 £7 ss, 1 £612s 6d. The Otago Farmers' Co-operativeAssociation sold': For Thomas Henderson*(Green Island), 1 cow £ll, 1 £lO ss, 2 £lO, 2£9 15s.

Calves.—Donald Reid and Co. sold: ForJohn Buttara (Upper Junction), 1 2s 6d; M.Hackett (Momona), 1 £1 Is; John Callander(East Taieri), 1 135., 1 12s, 1 6s, 1 7s; P.W. Amos (Momona), 1 ±1 2a, .1 13s; A. Thorn-ton (Momona), 1 13s; James Rutherford(Outram), 2 lis 6d, 1 2s 6d, 5 10s, 1 5s 6d.Stronach, Morris, and Co. sold: For JameaShand (Portobello), I£2 ss, 1 13s, 1 lis:D. Hughes (Portobello), 1 18s, 1 10s; W.Harvey (Momona), 217s, 1 14s, 1 12s, 1 56;Mts A. Lesk (Mosgiel), 1 £1; William Hattie(Momona), l £1 Bs, 1 15s; Mrs J. Craig(Mosgiel), 1 17a 6d; Mrs James Knox (Caver-sham), 1 £1 15s, 1 £1 ss; W. Bolitho ?

(Momona), 12s »6d. Wright, Stephenson,and Co. sold: For Mrs J. Stana-way (Outra'm),1 £2; J. Watson (Outram),. 1 20s, 1 16s; A.West (Brighton), 1 12s 6d; H. Harris (SaddleHill), 1 12s 6d, 1 6s; J. Artken (Sandymount),1 10s, 1 4s 6d; J. Oadzow (Anderson's Bay),1 lis, 1 ss; F. H. Perry (Fairfield), 2 ss, \

2s 6d; D. Davidson (Saddle Hill), 1 2s 6d;T. Bishop (Anderson's Bay), 12a 6d. TheOtago Farmers' Co-operatve Association sold:.For W. P. Dickson (Henley), I£l 8s; FauldsBros. (Green Island Bush), 1 12s; E. B.Brinsdon (Halfway Bush), 1 10s; J. P. Gar-diner (Green Island), 1 10s.

Fat Sheep.—l92s yardted, including severalpens of extra heavy sheep. Prices were goodall round, being quite on a par with lastweek's rates. Extra prime wethers, 53s 6d to58s 3d; prime, 46s 6d to 51s 6d; medium togood, 39s to 455; light and unfinished, 32s6d to 37e 6d; extra heavy prime ewes, 48sto 525; prime, 40s to 465; medium to good,85s to 395; others, 28s upwards. The NewZealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Com-pany sold: For. Shand) Bros. (Hillend), 116wethers- 50s to 49s 6dj A. S. Grey (Kauana),34 wethers 45s 6d, 16 43s 6d; Andrew Murray.(Waipahi)/ 13 wethers 45s 6d, 7 38a 9d, 1937s 6d, 2?'B6s 9d; A. Garland (Waimate),.23 wethers 45s 6d, 15 40s 9d, 23 38s 9d, 14395, 20 38s, 25 37s 6d; Buckley Bros. (Wai-mate), 26 wethers 40s, 31 395, 25 38s 6d, 3888s 6d; Todd and Morrow (Heriot), 19 ewea33a 6d. Donald Reid and Co. sold: ForJohn Hogg (Evans Flat), 6 wethers 58s 3d,24 495, 6 455, 15 435; Matthew Stark (Wai-koikoi), 13 wethers 53s 6d, 13 ewes 33s to 34s6d; George Crawford (Waikoikoi), 29 ewes to88a; it. and W. Bulfin (Tuapeka West), 17wetherß 41s 9d; John M'Call (Waikoikoi), 51ewes 26s 3d to 31s; James M'Call, sen. (Wai-koikoi), 11 ewes 275; Walter Grieve (NorthTaieri), 24 wethers 31s 6d to 26s 9d, 34 wethersand ewes 35s 9d; a client, 36 wethers 38e,74 32s to 365.- National Mortgage andAgency Company sold: For Alex. Thompson(Kelso), 18 wethers 495, pen ewes 37s 6d;.J. A. Bulfm (Tuapeka Westy, 17 wethers48s 6d, 12 45s 9d, .9 435. 6d, 21 42a 9d; M.Williams (Kelso), pen wethers 455, 12 ewea40s, 15 355; a Central Otago client, 13wethers 42s 6d, "9 40s 9d, 33 36s 9d; a,

Milton client, 22 wethers 39s 9d, 14 39s 6d,12 39s 3d, 47- 365, 16 35s 6d. Stronach,Morris, and Co. sold: For James Kane (Sut-ton), 12 wethers 11 345, 35 33e 6d, 2ewes 31s 3d; F: Moynihan (Sutton), 20hoggets 20s 6d; R, ?ft. Johnstone (Sutton), 26hoggets 26s 3d.——Dalgety and Co. sold: ForMr Charles M'Veigh (Heriot), 120 wethers,to 47s 3d; a client, 57 wethers quotations;-A. Morrison (Redbank), 60 wethers to 38s;:Wilden Station, ewes at market rates.—- ■Wright, Stephenson, and Co. sold: For H.Stuart (Kelso), 8Q wethers 52s 9d, 18 46s 9d,7 ewes 46s 3d; D. M'Kenzie (Kelso), 35wethers 525, 19 48s; Charles Macpherson(Willowba-nk), 32 ewea 625, 18 46s 9d; WilliamAnderson (Dipton), 33 wethers 51s 9d, 19wethers 47e 6d, 255 s 3d; George Nichol andSons (Allanton), 32 wethers 425. 30 38s 9d;: .A. Crump (Kelso), 84 wethers 465, 32 426.-The Otago Farmers' Co-operative Associationsold: For Southland Farmers' Co-operative(Gore; as agent), 23 wethers 54s 3d, 24 545,pen 48s 3d, pen 475; William Kirkland (Mid-dlemarch), 67 wethers 51s, 25 48s, 13 455,pen 325; George Oudaille (Waitahuna), 19wethers 48s 9d, 36 42s 6d, pen 37s 6d; A.Harvey (Maitland), 20 Avethers 435, 23 395.3d, pen 36s 3d, pen 31s 9d

Lamb3 few pens were offered and soldunder keen competition at 26s 3d to 29s ——

The Ota<*o Farmers' Co-opeative Associationsold: For William Kirkland (Middlemarch),23 at 295. , t

>,'■.'..Pigs.—A medium yarding met with a keen

demand at prices on a- par with laet week'srates—Donald Reid and Co. sold: For F«T. Hood (Port Chalmers), 2 £3; W. Fair-bairn (Momona), 2 £2 18s; Miss M. Rollo(Kfrikorai). 1 £4 8s; James Gow (Mosgiel),3 £7; a client, 3 £B, 2 £7 18s, 2 £7 3s; J.Shore (Otokia), 7 £1 3s 6d; M. Hacketfl(Momona), 10 £1 43 ; G. W. Bush (Brighton),.3 £1 10s; W. Harvey (Momona), 4 £1 5a,.6d. Stronach, Morris, and Co. sold: ForWilliam Hattie (Momona), 1 £3 ss; G. H, .Craig (Mosgiel), 2 £3 4s; A. Ralston (Allan-ton), 4 weaners £1 10s 6d. Dalgety andCo. sold: For G. Ruddenklau (Deborah), 9to £7 6s. Wright, Stephenson, 'and Co.sold- For a client, 2 £5, 2 £4 10s; D. TiShand (Otokia), 3 £4 14s, 3 £4 lis; HughGamble (Mosgiel). 1 £3 ss, 1 £2 3s 6d; a-client, 4 £3 2s 6d; a client, 1 £3 2s; W-Fairbairn (Momona), 1 £2 lis; G. Johnson(Outram), 1 £2 14s; J. Gallagher (GreenIsland), 4£l ss.- The Otago Farmers' Co-operative Association sold: For T. G. Whits(Flag Swamp), 1 £6 14s, 2 £5 18s; J. Westi(Mihiwaka), 1 £6 lis; a client, 1 £5 10s, 1 £418s, 1 £4 15s; a client, 3 £5, 3 £4 10s, 3 £419s: J. Gardiner (Green Island), 3 £2 13s, Ti.£'!;' C. Roughan (Waitahuna West). 5 £1 16»6d.

24 O T A G O WITNESS. September 4, 1918.

The Wanganui Chronicle understands thatinstructions have been issued prohibitingoverseas vessels from visiting the Wa-nganui roadstead, the reason alleged beingthat some enemy mines ' may possibly havedrifted in that direction. This is obviouslya matter of ■ grave concern to_ the localfreezing works, especially in view of theserious shortage of insulated trucks.

Some 350 pigeons, a portion of the firstbatch of 500 for service on the westernfront, have been despatched from New Zea-land. The birds are yearlings and speci-ally selected with a view to training in newlofts. When tho new season's birds arcavailable they will bo sent instead of year-lings, as the younger the birds the easierit is to accustom them to their new homes.

CENTRAL PRODUCE MARTThe Central Produce Mart, Ltd., reports:

A good demand has been experienced for alllines of choice dessert and cooking apples,and onions. Fowl wheat, brim, and pollardfind ready sale. Wo landed -116 sacks of potatoesfrom Melbourne, and these sold readily at£lO to £lO 10s per ton. Bacon pigs are■urgently wanted"; we hold orders at; lOd perlb.° Poultry is in keen denuand. Butterand oggs havo a steady sale. Cauliflowerand swede turnips are in over-supply.Flowers are arriving freely; w© invite con-signments and correspondence. Wo receivedand sold:—Flowers: Narcissi, 4s to 6s perdozen bunches. Apples: Washingtons, 9s6d to 10s 6d; Wolaoleys, 10s 6d; Stunners,10s 6d to 13s 6d; Boms Beauties, 12s; Roke-■woods, 14a; cooking, choice, 3.1 d; seconds, ljdto' 2id. Bananas: Bipe, 255. Lemons:Adelaides, 20s. Mandarins: '23s Get to 265.Oranges: Navels, 20s to 24s 6d; choice Poor-mans, 17s 6d. Pines:-21s to 23s 6d. Pas-sions: 19s to 21s 9d. Walnuts: Is 4Jd.Pears: Nelis, to 14s; half case, 6s; Coles,43 9d to 5s lOd. Cabbage: Is 6d to 4s

,Gd per dozen. Cauliflowers: Is to 5s•Cd per dozen. Onions: Melbournes, choice,

30s; Canterbury, 255. Marrows: .7s percwt Potatoes: Melbournes, £lO 10s; locals,£ll jlOs to £l2 10s. Bacon: Is 2d to Is 4d.Pigs: Bacon, prime, lOd; porkers, 9d toDid; choppers, 5d to .6§d. .Butter: Bulk,Is 4d; separator pats, Is 4d. Eggs: Stampedand guaranteed, Is 4d; case- eggs, Is 3d.Honey: Slow sale; bulk, 8d to BJd; pottles,lOJd; sections, 9-Jd. Tea: Is lOd per lb, in61b boxes. Bran: 7s Id per 1001 b bag.Peas: Best Partridge, 7s■ 6d. Linseed Meal:"Cross Keys," 18s. 'per .100 'lb. Molasses:'None available. Oats: Best short oats, 5s6d- to 5s 9d. Oat sheaf chaff: £8 5s forchoice. Oaten dust: 5s 6d per sack. Wheat:6s 6d per bushel; extra choice, 6s 9d.Wheaten pollard: 14s for 1501b. Beeswax:2s. Egg crates: 12s €d. Rabbitskins:30d to 43}d lb. Tallow: 24s 3d, 24s 6d, 255,36s 9d, 27s 3d. Poultry': Hens, 2s 5d to3s 9d; cockerels, 2s 6d to 4s 9d; ducks, 3s6d to 4s 9d; geese, 5s to 7s 6d; turkeys,lid-to Is per lb.

E. OSWALD REILLY, Manager,Moray place-, D'unedin.

INVESTMENT' STOCKS.September 2.

National Bank Buyers £6 Os 6d.Bank of N,Z. (£3 6s Bcl paid)—Buyers

£l2 18s.National Insurance—Buyers £3 Os 9d.Union Steam (pref.)—Buyers £1 Gs 10J.Huddart-Parker (ord.)—Buyers £2 Is 9d,

Kellers £2 2s 6d..Wostporfc Coal Co.—Buyers £1 10s sd.Westport-Stockton (ord.) —Buyers 8s Bd,

sellers 9s 3dN.Z. Goal'and -Oil-iSellers 3s lOd.Dominion- Rubber Co.—-Sellers £1 8s 6d.Donaghy's Rope and Twine—Sellers £1

Is 9d.Dunedin-Kaikorai Trams—Sellers £1 2s

6d.N.Z. Refrigerating Co. —Buyers £2 4s,

sellers £2 ss.P. and O. (deferred)—Buyers £373, sellers

£378.- Milburn Lime and Cement—Buyers £1 14s6s. sellers £1.165.

Mosgiel Woollen Factory—Buyers £5.National Mortgage—Buyers £4 2.?.N.Z Drag Co. (£2- paid)—Buyers £2 14s

6d. "... ;,....

../

N.Z. .Paper.Mills—Buyers.£l 2s Bd.Oamaru Woollen (ordl) .Buyers £1 lis.Bruce Woollen—Buyers £1,145.-. .

Trustees. Executors —Buyers >£2 lis..- Whitcombo and Tombs—Buyers £6 2s.

Papuan Products—Buyers .2s 4d, sellers2s 65,

CANTERBURY GRAIN AND PRODUCEMARKETS.

There is no wheat offering locally,, andonly one line of oats, comprising severalthousand bushels of good Algerians and Gar-tons, is reported to ' have 'changed hands,the seller's- price being 5s at a countrystation. The oats market is very firm, especi-ally for milling and' seed linos. Algeriansare worth up to ss, and Gartons from 5s toBs 3d. The latter figures are also offeredfor seed- Duns. Sparrowbills, Canadians, andDanish are very scarce.

The oat sheaf chaff market keeps firm,and prime bright, is worth up to £7 atcountry stations, and good but discoloured upto £5 10s. Inferior chaff has been sold atas low as £2 10s.

The difficulty in obtaining shipping is thegeneral among dealers in potatoes..There is a keen* demand for other sortsbesides Auckland and Wellington, and forthose markets beiter prices appear to havebeen given than for the northern country. Thearrival of Australian, potatoes in the northhas made the regular suppliers to thosemarkets less keen to do business withgrowers at present, and offers have in someoases been declined. . The regular marketprice appears to be £8 os. to £8 10s, countrystations,, but i,t is reported that odd sales

oliave been made at as: high as £9 and £9ss. Seed potatoes for the second early cropsare now being inquired for.

There are no buyers for onions, in viewof the collapse of the Auckland and Wel-lington markets through the arrival of largeconsignments from Melbourne.

Cow grass seed is a little firmer, -and theAmerican market is reported to havehardened.

There is very little doing in white clover,but cocksfoot is in good demand, and ma-chine-dressed seed has been selling at upto Is lOd for 101 b to lllb seed, and Is 6d'to Is 7d for 15lb to 161b seed.

There is a good inquiry for linseed, butthe crop is now practically nil out ofgrowers' hands. From the inquiries madeit is probable that a larger area will besown this season. ..It is now worth £25 to£26 per ton, at country stations.

The following are the prices paidi tofarmers at country stations free of commis-sion, sacks extra:

Wheat.—Milling wheat, Government price.South Island—August, 6s o§d' f.o.b. NorthIsland—Id extra..

Oats. —Seed Algerians 4s to 4s Bd, choiceto 4s 6d; feed Algerians 4s to 4s sd; millingGartons, 4s Gd-; feed Gartons, 4s 3d to 4s 4dseed Duns, 4s 6rl to 4s 9d; lighter Duns, 4sto 4s sd; Danish, good quality, 4s 6di.

Bailey.—Prime malting, 6s 3d to 6s 6d;medium, 5s Gd to 6s.

Flour.—£ls 10s per ton; 1001 b bags, £l6'53; 50lb bags, £lO 10s; 251 b bags, £l6 15s.

Bran.—Shipping, £5 10s; local, £5 15s perton.Pollard.—£7 10s per ton.Oatmeal.—251 b bags, £2B per ton; 7lb bags,

£32 per ton.Oatsheaf Chaff.-Bright heavy, £5 10s to £G

10s (nominal).Cocksfoot.—Undressed, lOd to Is 3d per lb;machine dressed. Is 8d to Is 9d.Ryegrass.—Perennial, 4s to 4s 9d; Italian

<fis to is Gd (nominal).Clover.—White, 1., to Is 6:1; Ted, Is -Id to

la Gd.Peas.—Partridge ,Gs to 6s Gd; White Ivory,

lis to 12s; Bh:e Prussian, 15s to 16s; BlueImperial, 15a i-f to ISs.

Scotch Tares.—l2s 6d to 15s.Onions.—£2o per ton.Linseed.—£24 per ton.Potatoes.—£B to £8 5s per ton; seed pota-

toes, £1 10s to £9, according to variety.

TIMARU MARKETS.Milling wheat is off the market now (re-

ports the Timaru correspondent of the Christ-church Press), so far as locally grown is con-cerned. Fowl wheat is dull, importationfrom Australia being responsible for this-Merchants appear to have fair ' stocks, andit is considered! that until these are depletedimportation should be prohibited. A steameris expected here next week with a cargo ofAustralian wheat.

The oats market is strong, but only nomi-nal quotations can be given, as local sup-plies are so small. B grade Gartons areworth ss, on trucks.

Oatsheaf chaff is still in good demand, butshipping space is as hard to obtain as ever.Prime is quoted at £G ss, f.a.q., and mediumat £4 to £4 10s on trucks, country stations,sacks found by buyers.

A large shipment of potatoes was sent fromTimaru to Auckland a few day 3 ago, andthis, in addition to supplies expected fromAustralia almost immediately, is bound tohave a prejudicial effect on values. It is

estimated that the quantity due to arrive inAuckland during the next three weeks willbe about 30,000 sacks, consequently .in toeabsence of a demand from Auckland priceshere are expected to become easier. Very

few potatoes are offering, however, and theirnominal value is £lO per ton, on trucks, sacksincluded. .

~,.

There is nothing doing m either clover or

ryegrass seed, and! the demand for. springsowing has so far been disappointing.

MILITARY SERVICE BOARD

SITTING AT GORE.(From Oub Special Reporteb.l

GORE, August 27.A sitting of the Otago Military service

Board was commenced here to-day. ineboard consisted of Messrs H. Y. Widdow-son, S.M. (chairman), A. D. Bell, and &■Kelletfc. Captain Levien was the militaryrepresentative. .

,

Leslie J. Smith (blacksmith, CrooKston)said he was quite prepared to go into campas a private although he held a Territorialcommission. Since the case was last beforethe board he realised that the farmers inthe district would be greatly inconveniencedif he had to go into camp. The Heriotsmithy had been closed, which accentuatedthe trouble.—Deferred for inquiry- .

A. F. Small (farmer, Dunrobm) wasgranted conditional exemption.

Otto Yoight (farmer, Wyndham) said that■since his appeal was last before the boardhe had sold 432 acres of his property. Mrand Mrs Bowmast were partners with himin the property. He had a married coupleon the propertv. He could not get labour.—Appeal dismissed, with a recommendationthat appellant go into camp with theOctober draft and be employed on homeservice duties.

Tho case of Henry Fletcher (farmmanager, Gore), whose appeal bad been ad-journed for the Efficiency Board's report,was again called on.—The Efficiency Boardstated that it should .be possible to get aman to look' after the property. There-was good accommodation for a marriedcouple.—The.; Chairman, said the TrusteeBoard was of opinion that the two youngerbrothers could look after the place, and theboard was of that opinion too.—The appealwould be dismissed, and appellant wouldhave to go into camp .with the Septemberdraft. "•■ '

Garnet Green (blacksmith, Eclendale) wasgranted conditional exemption on the recom-mendation of the Efficiency Board. •

John Lawrence Bannerman (farmer,. Gore)also had his case reported on by the Effi-ciency Board.—Appellant stated that he wasa single man, and was working the propertyunder arrangement with his father. Hewas quite willing to go into camp, and itwas solely • on his father's account that hewas appealing. He milked from 20 to 25cows. His father was 79 years of age.He had thought of selling the cows andputting sheep on the property, but hisfather would not be able to look afterthem.—Adjourned till next sitting to see ifsome arrangement could not be made asto leasing the property.

John Eades (farmer, Edendale) was ap-pealed for by his father, John Eades, sen.—Adjourned'till next sitting for the evi-dence of tho son.

Thomas Lorenz (checsemaker, Pyramid)was appealed for by S.. G. Woodfield (hisemployer). Mr Smith, who appeared forthe latter, said that since the statementbefore the board was put in the factoryhad been burned down, and Mr Woodfielddid not wish to proceed further with theappeal.—Appeal withdrawn.

Patrick Daniel Dougherty (farmer, Green-vale), who had' applied for a rehearing, didnot appear, and his application was dis-missed.

Joseph Stephens (farmer, Riversdale) hadhis case adjourned from the last sittingof the board for a report from the EfficiencyBoard. —The Chairman said that the advicewas that it would not pay to put on aworking manager. The board was furtheradvised that the farm was not producingmuch, and whether the appellant went intocamp or not* would make very little differ-ence from the point of view of production.—The appellant stated that this was clue tofloods.—Captain Levien said he thought ap-pellant would be quite as well off financiallyif he went into camp.—The Chairman saidthe board was of opinion that there wasno l-eason why the appellant should bo ex-empted It was only a matter of sellingor leasing the place. He would be allowedtill the November draft.

William Buchanan (grocer. Mataura) wasrecommended for a month's extension ofleave, until the October draft.

George Wm. Folster (farmer, Brydone)appealed on the ground of undue hardship.—The appellant stated that he bought thefarm from the father of two men who hadgone to tho front. He had not enlisted.He was led to believe that men .were doingas much good by producing as by totho war. Ho was married in September,1915. Prior to buying the farm he wasengaged in general labouring work.—To gointo camp with the October CI draft.

Walter M'Kenzie (farmer, Gore) . appliedfor three months' leave owing to familyand private reasons. —Leave till the Novem-ber draft recommended.

Tho Island Dairy Factory Company ap-plied for a rehearing in the case of GeorgeDickson (checsemaker). —The Chairmanstated that a conference had been held be-tween the Military Service Board, the Effi-ciency Board, and dairy factory representa-tives, and as a consequence a list was pre-pared of men who were absolutely essential

in the industry. Tho reservist was one ofthose. Ho would bo granted conditionalexemption.

Jlhe appeal of B. J. O'Malley (cheese-maker, Pukerau) was similarly dealt with.

' John Thomas Shipman and J._ 11. Shore(carpenters, Gore) were appealed for byWilliam Shore (building contractor, Gore),who stared that wet weather had delayedwork which he had in hand. The appellantstated that ho had an apprentice whowould be 20 years old at Christmas. Hehimself had been called up, and had ap-pealed. Ho had tried to get carpenters,but without success. —Captain Levien saidthe two reservists referred to had beendrawn in tho April ballot. —Adjourned tillthe November sitting, when appellant willrequire to state what tho position is withregard to tho contracts. He will also borequired to push on the work, and not takeany other work.

- John George Bonisch (coalminer, Gore)appealed for .exemption on the ground thathe was engaged in an essential industry.—Appellant did not appear. A statementshowed that he was ordered into camp,but that the order was countermanded onAugust 20.—Appeal dismissed, with arecommendation that he be sent to campon home service.

John Johnston (sheepfarmer, Balfour) saidhe was farming 1830 acres, which carried1250 sheep. He was working the farm un-assisted.—Tho Chairman said tho familyrecord was good. Conditional exemp-tion woyld be granted.

Alexander Thomson (farmer, Kelso),whose appeal was dismissed at the last sit-ting, applied for a rehearing on the groundthat he had not been able to make suitablearrangements to. carry on the farm.—Ad-journed in first instance to the October sit-ting, the applicant to make serious effortsto dispose of the farm.-

Robert Francis Fraser (farmer, Waipahi),whoso appeal was adjourned from the lastsitting, said ho was now prepared to gointo camp with tho November- draft.—Ordermade accordingly.

Donald Alfred Preston (farmer, Tapanui)applied for time to dispose of his property.A deal he had in view had fallen through,and the property was now back on hishands.—To go into camp with the Novem-ber draft.

John Dunnage Henderson (farmer, Lums-den) said he was farming 306 acres. Hoproduced a birth certificate showing thathe would be .44 years of age in December.—Adjourned sine die.

James Millar (dairy farmer, Wyndham)said ho was the only man on a- 200-acrefarm, which he took .up in June, 1914. Heproposed to' sow 30 acres iff- oats.—Condi-tional exemption granted.

Samuel Dunn (hotelkeeper, Heriot), ap-plied for an extension of time owing tohis inability to dispose of his property.—Determination reserved.

Lawrence Albert S. Jacobs (postmaster,Tapanai), who appealed on the ground ofundue hardship, principally family reasons,had his appeal adjourned sine die

James Cleghorn (farmer, Tapanui) saidhe did all his father's-business.- He carried1000 sheep on the property.—The Chair-man said there were at least two reasonswhy the case should receive consideration—Firstly, lie was over 40 and was" classedCI, and secondly he came under clase 18of the Act. The question of the propertywas also worthy of consideration. Theappeal would be adjourned sine die.

'.. Robt. Harold Dickie (dairy farmer, Ma-taura) said ho had a leased farm . of 170acres,-aucl had no ono to help him. Hemilked' 30 cows.—Conditional exemptiongranted, subject to review.

Robt. Alexander Dick (farmer, Wyndham)said he was farming 613 acres, which hepurchased in January, 1918, immediatelysubsequently to selling a farm he had atSouth Wyndham.—Conditional exemptiongranted.

George Conner Oughton (clerk, Gore), hashis appeal supported by the National "Mort-gage and. Agency Company. Mr A. A.MacGibbon (manager) stated that tho re-servist was in charge of the seed andmanure branch of the business at Gore. Noother man in the office had tho necessaryknowledge. Ho wanted only time. Theseason had just started, and the businesswould bo seriously inconvenienced if thereservist had to go.—Granted until OctoberCl draft.

Walter Anderson Ybrdley (sheepfarmer,Moa Flat) was appealed for by his father.Richard Yardley, who stated that he wascarrying on a property of 7800 acres with5000 sheep. His son water managed theKeppoch Estate, which carried 6000 sheepand 125 head of cattle. Five of his menhad enlisted from the Keppoch Estate.—To go into camp with the Cl draft inNovember.

William Butler (farmer, Balfour) was ap-pealed for by his father (R. Butler), whosaid that three sons were on active service,and one .was married. Last year witnessgrew 70 acres of wheat, 100 acres of tur-nips, and 70 acres of bats, and he was culti-vating 273 acres this year. There was ayounger son at home. Tho appellant hadjust recovered from a broken leg, andcould not do manual work.—Conditional ex-emption was granted.

Arthur P. Staples (farmer, Croydon) saidhe was farming 440 acres of land. He in-tended to put/ in 64 acres of oats. Hegrazed 220 sheep and 10 cows, and had noassistance on the farm. He had sold someimplements and horses owing to his inabilityto get a man to work them.—Conditionalexemption was granted.

John Cameron (farmer, Wendonside) saidho was farming 1880 acres of land, carry-ing 1047 sheep, at present. Some of hisland was subject to floods. He had beenin camp for nearly four months. Hisbrother had between 500 and 6CO acres, andho was going to look alter appellant's farmduring his absence at the war, but hefound, it too much for him. Ho held acommission in the Territorials. He left aman in charge of his property, but this manhad since left, and when he went into campthere was really no one in charge.—TheChairman said tho position was that thocountry had been put to the expense oftraining the reservist, and he now_ claimedtotal exemption.—To Captain Levien: Allthe while he was in camp he was not askedwhether he. was prepared to go to thefront -in any capacity. If ho could get agood man he was willing to go to camp.—Mr Kellett: What effort are you going tomake to get a man? Sitting on the stationwill not do it.—Witness said he intended toadvertise in tho local paper.—Adjournedtill the October sitting.

Ewen A. Cameron (sheep fanner, Wen-donside). a brother of the previous appel-lant, said he leased a property of 520 acres.He was working the property for biswidowed mother, but had a properly pre-pared lease. His brother Alexander hadportion of his mother's estate also. He

undertook to look after Alexander's finan-cial interests, but not the farm work.—Conditional exemption was granted.

Herbert Newman (farmer, Maitland) saidho wanted time until January. During thelast five years he had been doing roadcontract work, and wanted time to sow Insproperty down in grass. He had hithertoused his land for cropping and growingfeed for his horses.—Time until the Januarydraft was granted.

James Herbert Dunn (farmer, Pine Bush)said he was farming- 282 acres. He hadthreo brothers on active service. He hadthreo children, the youngest being born aweek bfore he was drawn in the ballot.—The appeal was allowed, and the appellantwas transferred to tho D. Class.

Mark Everett (farmer, Pukerau) said howas farming 132 acres and milked 26 cows.His wife assisted with tho milking. Hohad previously been engaged on a dredge.—Conditional exemption was granted.

Fred. Gutzlag (farmer, Greonvale, Wai-kaka) said he was managing two farms of500 and 840 acres respectively. He badtwo men assisting him, and had 850 sheep.—Deferred for inquiry.

Ernest W. Stevens (farmer, Balfour) saidhe had 653 acres of land, and carried onmixed farming. Two brothers were onactive service.—Conditional exemptiongranted.

Jonathan H. Woodward (railway hand,Eclendale) appealed on the ground of unduehardship.—Appeal dismissed.

William Alex. Main (Lumsden), who didnot appear, had his nnneal dismissed.

Clement C. Derrett (farmer, Riversdale)said he was working 800 acres of land. Hecropped 175 acres and carried 400 sheep.Ha had served two years in the SouthAfrican war, and volunteered for the MainBody in the Motor Reserve. He took uphis farm in 1917. He was previously a com-mission agent at Hororata, but prior tothat he was engaged in farming.—Appealdismissed, appellant to go into camp withthe November draft.

James Stewart appealed for Ins whois the only one left on the farm. Two sonshad been' killed in action. The appellantwas assisted by the reservist.—Conditionalexemotion granted.

Edward Ladbrook (farmer, Charlton) ap-plied for an extension of time, owing tobeing involved in a Supreme Court actionconcerning' a farming property.—To gointo camp with the October Cl draft.

The sitting of the Otago Military ServiceBoard at Gore was concluded on the 2Sth.

Arthur Graham Heywood (tobacconist,Gore) appealed on the ground of unduehardship.—Witness said he wanted time toinitiate his wife into the business.—Appli-cation refused.

George Lawson (buttermaker, Mataura)was appealed for by the Mataura DairyFactory Company.—Adjourned till next sit-ting, when a classified list of factory handswill be available, inquiries to be made con-cerning th 3 returned soldiers referred to.

Thomas Stark (blacksmith, Waikaia), whoappealed on the ground of undue hard-ship, was granted conditional exemption.

James B. Graham (Gore),' patentee of awindmill about to be put on the market,wanted time to visit Australia. lie statedthat he was classed Cl and was 40 yearsof ago last July.—Tho Chairman said appel-lant would be required 'to submit himselffor re-examination medically, and to pro-duce his birth certificate.

Askan Smith (Gore) was appealed for byJ. G. Ward and Co., whose representativestated that the company wanted the re-servist retained until November. Smithwas in charge .of the seed and other pro-ducts belonging to the company and' theirclients, and also had control of the seed-cleaning plant.—Mr Kellett pointed out thatthree months had gone by since this manwas drawn, and no effort had been made toget a substitute.—Mr Smith, who appearedfor the appellants, said they only wantedtime to tide over the., busiest part of theyear as far as the reservist's departmentwas concerned. The reservist would berequired to go into camp with the nextCl draft. ' ,William White (farmer, Wendon) said liewas farming 1315 acres, which he/ sub-leased from hie father, who resided mGore. He grew 50 acres of oats, 150 acresof turnips, and 100 acres of grass for seed,and carried 2000 sheep on the property.One brother was on active service, and ap-pellant looked after his large property aswell.—Conditional exemption granted.

C. A. Sutton (farmer, Waikaia) appliedfor time for his ploughman (.FrederickBemrose).—The appellant stated that twoof his men had already gone into camp, andhe was desirous of putting in 200 acres ofcrop this season.—Leave was granted untilthe January draft.

Frank Gilligan (fireman, Wyndham) saidhe was classed Cl and was 40 years of age.—Adjourned for medical re-examination.

John Henderson (farmer, Waikaka, Val-ley) was appealed for by his father (Wm.Henderson).—The reservist stated that heworked a 200-acre farm, and did all theagricultural work on it as well as that onhis father's place. He had 0113 brother onactive service.—Conditional exemptiongranted.

James Walter Richardson (builder,Mataura Island) asked for an .extension oftime until January. He had contracts onhand which would take him until that time.—Allowed till January draft.

Stanley Caird and William AlexanderCaird (flaxmillers, Wyndham) appealed onthe ground that they were essential to theflaxmilling industry.—Stanley Caird ad-mitted that an order of the court had beenmade depriving him of civil rights for 10years. He appealed to the First Welling-ton Military Service Board in March, 1917,but was classed C2. He was subsequentlyclassed Cl.—Mr Davey, who appeared forthe appellants, said that if _ William; wasretained Stanley was quite willing to go.—The Chairman said the appeal of Stanleyhad been dismissed by the First Welling-ton Board. The most the board could dowas to forward the evidence to Welling-ton.—Mr Davey agreed to this course.—Stanley said the difficulties were to getetripper-keepers and feeders. His brotherand he were qualified for these positions.Thev had two mills, and there were 18hands employed.—Tire Chairman said thatif both these' appeals had to be determinedby this board it would dismiss the appealof Stanley and grant conditional exemptionto William, and it was prepared to recom-mend that to the Wellington No. 1 Board.—Stanley said ho was prepared to with-draw bis appeal if his brother was grantedexemption.—The board agreed to thiscourse

Frank de Lisle (clergyman. Gore) wasappealed for by the Congregational Church.It was pointed out bv ono of the office-bearers that the reservist was tho only Con-gregational Church clergyman south cfDunedin.—Conditional exemption granted.

William Gibson Laidlaw (farmer, Wynd-

ham) was appealed for by his father {JohnLaidlaw). —The reservist's uncle stated thattho appellant's father was a confirmed in-■yalid. The reservist carried on mixed farm-ing on 144 acres, and did all tho work,lie was the only son, and was classed CI. —•Conditional exemption granted.

Thomas M'Kinncll (farmer, Waikaia) ap-pealed for his ploughman (William Craw-Ford), lie would bo satisfied if Crawfordwere left till January.—To go into campwith the January draft. -.

Nicholas John Winn (farmer's assistant,Wyndham) was appealed for by his father,who stated that ho was 65 years of age.His "son did all tho team work on' a farmof 117 acres. They milked 30 cows. —Condi-tional exemption granted.

Leonard A. Collett (motor mechanic.Gore) was appealed for by his employer(Ernest Liston, Wyndham), who was laidup with a bad knee. The reservist also didengineering work for dairy factories. Theywanted time.—The Chairman sa.id the timeasked for had already been allowed. Theboard had no recommendation to make.

Joseph Green (blacksmith, Mandeville)was appealed for by his father, and hadhis case adjourned from the July sitting ofthe board for a report from tho EfficiencyBoard.—Tho Chairman said the Board ofTrustees advised that the shop would notbe closed if the reservist had to go intocamp, but possiby some of the heavierwork would have to go elsewhere.—MrSmith, who appeared for both parties, saidho was surprised at the advice of the board.—To go into camp in November.

James Henderson (station manager. Moss-burn) was appealed for by his employer (P.W. Borne. Waihao Downs). The reservistwas appellant's working m.anagcr. The pro-perty, known as Centre Hill, consisted of22.C0Q acres of leasehold and 1600 acresof freehold, and carried 6000 sheep and 110head of cattle. They cultivated 200 acres. —

Tho reservist stated that he was classedCI. His only brother was killed at Galli-poli. His wife did the cooking on the sta-tion.—Conditional exemption granted.

William James Eraser (farmer, Mimihan)said one brother had returned from thofront, and had gone on to a selectionon the Lamont Settlement (Woodlands).Appellant had no one to assist him on thoplace.—Conditional exemption granted.

John Henry Ayres (farmer, Wyndham)said he had 900 acres of land, which car-ricd 700 sheep and 14 milch cows. Ho wasrunning the place unassisted. —Conditionalexemption sranted.

Arthur Biol (farmer, Bryclone), who wascandying on, mixed farming- on a 257-acroproperty, and milked 24 cows, *was grantedconditional exemption.

JOHN M'GLASHAN COLLEGEANOTHER STEP IN ITS ERECTION.

On Saturday afternoon the foundationstone of a new dormitory .building for theJohn M'Glashan College was laid in thopresence of a fair number of ladies andgentlemen. The Rev. J. J. Cairney(Moderator of th.e Dunedin Presbytery) pre-sided, being supported by the Rev. GrahamIi r Balfour, (president of the Board of Gov-ernors), the Rev. W. Gray Dixon, and MrA. G. Butchers (principal, of tho college).The proceedings were commenced with theeinging of the One Hundredth Psalm, afterwhich the Rev. J. J, Cairney led in prayerand read a portion of Scripture. The Rev.Mr Gray Dixon also engaged in prayer,asking for God's blessing on the new build-ing and on all connected with it to-day orin tho future.

The Chairman said that the Church', fromits earliest history, had been definitely asso-ciated with religious instruction and train-ing, and those who watched' the trend ofaffairs had come to realise how needful itwas that if young, people were to grow upGod-fearing, true citizens it could only beas they were trained in the knowledge ofthe truth as it was revealed in God's Word.Otherwise, they were allowing their youngpeople to grow up clever without givingthem any ballast against the temptationsand difficulties that came to them.in life.Therefore, let them erect colleges and soset an example and give an illustration oftheir belief in the fact that education wasnot complete unless those who were beingtrained were trained in a knowledge of thetruth of God's revelation.

The Rev. Mr Balfour concluded a bnofaddress by saying that ho believed thocollege was destined to be a great college--"great in size and great in influence—andone of the factors making towards thobuilding up of the young manhood in thispart of the Dominion—(Applause.)

The foundation stone was then laid bythe Rev. Mr Balfour, and the Otago Witnessphotographer took a view of the interest-ing ceremony. The stone bore tne follow-ing inscription: "This stone was laid tothe glory of God by the Rev. Graham H.Balfour, M.A., 8.D.„ president of theBoard of Governors, on the 31st August,1918; C. G. White, 8.A., L.L.8., secre-tary; Fletcher Bros. (Ltd.), contractorsTho casket placed in the cavity under thostone contained the following documents:A copy of the first prospectus of the school;a copy of the roll, with the names of theoriginal scholars, also the names of theBoard of Governors, the teaching staff, andthe domestio staff; a copy of '" OtagosSeventieth Anniversary/' which had beenlargely compiled from Mr M'Glashan spapers; copies of Otago Daily Times(August 31), Evening Star (August SO),Outlook (August 27), also Otago WitnessOtago Daily Times, Evening Star, andOutlook containing reports of the open-ing (February 12), and of tho function ofMay 5 last. A second stone was also laidby Mr Balfour, who remarked that as yetit had no inscription, but it ; would pro-bably have one when the building wasopened.

Mr Butchers (principal of the college)said that owing to tho further generosityof the Misses M'Glashan the governorswould be offering for competition- later inthe year a number of scholarships, eachof the value of £2O, conditional on thewinners becoming boarders at the collego.There would also be two scholarships, eachof the value of £5, which might be heldby boys who were day scholars. In addi-tion, owing to the generosity of Miss Burns,daughter of Dr Burns, another scholarshipwas to be offered, of the value of £ls,to be called the Thomas Burns scholarship.—(Applause.) Competition in this oasewould be restricted to the sons ofministers of the gospel. Mr Butchers thengave a description of the part of the build-ing now in course of construction.

The proceedings were closed with theNational Anthem and the benediction, whichwas pronounced by the Rev. Mr Cairnejj,

September 4, 1918 OTAGO WITNESS. 25

STANDARD INSURANCECOMPANY.

At an ordinary general meeting of share-holders in the Standard Fire and MarineInsurance Company of New Zealand onMonday afternoon, the chairman of direc-tors (Mr W. F. Edmond} explained thatshareholders were called together in orderto comply with the terms of certain amend-ments to the company's articies of associa-tion, as passed by special resolution at anextraordinary general meeting in March,whereby futuro annual meetings be held inSeptember instead of March as heretofore.An interim balance sheet for the six monthsended June 30 had beeM prepared, andwas submitted to shareholders, and in Sep-tember, 1919, the directors' report and bal-ance sheet for the usual 12-monthly periodwould be submitted in the ordinary manner.A dividend at the rate of one shilling pershare was declared, and the retiring direc-tors (Messrs W. F; Edmond, John Mill, andErnest Price) were re-elected.

POST OFFICE NOTICESMails close at the Chief Post Office, Dun-

edin, as under:TO-DAY (WEDNESDAY), SEPTEMBER 4.

For Australian States, India, China, Japan;Straits Settlements, South Africa, and theEast (to connect with Manuka at Wellington),close at 8 p.m.

For Rarotonga, Tahiti, North, South, andCentral America, United Kingdom, and Con-tinent of Europe, via San Francisco (to con-nect with Moana at Wellington), close at 8p.m. Late letters at the Railway Stationonly at 7.55 a.m. on September 5.

Correspondence for all neutral countriesia subject to censorship.

Theodore King,Chief Postmaster.

OTA GO WITNESS. September 4, 191826LATH ADVERTISEMENTS.

OARD-RESIDENCE: Furnished Boomsto LET; permanent boarders, 25s. —

Warwick House, Moray (Mrs Fairley,proprietress). ' au

VAKM Wagons. Farm Drays, Sprmg-Drayo, Buggies, Gigs. Bakers .

Grocers' Spring-earts, Barrows. Sourr,Cumberland street. Duncdia. 'n P

RS TOWLER. Arcade, Dunedin.—. Open daily, usual shopping hours.

Saturdays closed from noon till 7 p.m.'-

\ANSAVITA PILE OINTMENT is notpretended to be according to tho pre-

scription of a bogus medical man.

INT pre-J. pared by Mrs Towler, a registered

specialist, is prescribed by some doctors.rtjpßY Mrs Towler's MANSAVITAJL PILLS, 3s 6d, 5s _6d, post free

(registered).—Arcade, Dunedin. ■ANSAVITA OINTMENT heals and

. cures all wound 3; box Is 6d. Enemas,6s 6d. .Ail Surgical Rubber Goods, postfree. Soap cake, Is.

DDRE3S: Mrs TOWLER, 14 RoyalArcade, Dunedin. Private Address:

No. 37 Ferguson street, Anderson Bay.Advico free; stamped envelope securesprompt attention. . l"aP

TANTED, BOTTLES of every descrip-tion (beer quart bottles 3s per dozen),

Bones (any quantity), Sacks, Lead. Brass,

Copper, Cast Iron, or other Waste Mate-

rial ti-fc for re-use.—Cleary's Marine andBottle Stores fca Hanover street (tel. 2065).

OST FREE—ENEMAS from «» od to12a 6d e*cb.—Address Mrs L.

H*wkins. 106 Georjc* street Dqngdin,

OFFERING WOMEN, avoid operations_>, by using "Orange Blossom"; month's

treatment, ss.—Mr» Hawkins, Georgertroet Dunedin. 29jy

EDUCATION BOARD.

APPLICATIONS (accompanied by_ certificates and testimonials) will be received uptill FRIDAY, September 13, for the follow-ing VACANCIES:—

Cavershom,—Temporary Fourth Assist-ant (male). Salary, £l9O-£220.

Kakapuaka.—Sole Teacher (female).Salary,"£llO-£l4O.

Kensington.—Junior Assistant (female).Salary, £llO-£l2O.

North East Harbour.—Mistress. Salary,£l2O-£I4O. '

Forms of application may be obtained atthis Office.

•S. M. PARK,Secretary.

Education Office;3rd September, 1918.

■ENTAL HOSPITAL, SEACLIFF.

EGG SITTINGS can now be SUPPLIED'from the following PUREBRED BIRDSof. tho best laying strains_ at 5s 6d perSitting,, free on rail, Seaeliff:

WHITE LEGHORNS,BROWN LEGHORNS,BLACK ORPINGTONS. 21au

7"E have £2OOO to LEND, in ONE or■ V MORE SUMS, on First-class Free-

hold Security, at 5* PER CENT, PERANNUM.

JOHN REID & SONS (LTD.),"

' " Dunedin.

CALEDONIAN HOTEL,J CARROLL STREET, DUNEDIN.

THE PLACE TO STAY.

Moderate Tariff. Home Comforts.Best Brands Wines and Spirits.

J. BARCLAY,l2d

_

Proprietor.

ASPHODEL MATERNITY HOME.

MISS AMY H. SANDREY, N.Z.Registered Nurse. Certificated Mid-

wife. Karitane-Harris Hosnital Certificate.MISS EVELYN E. PICKLES,

Certificated Midwife."ASPHODEL," corner of Corrie street

and Royal Terrace, Dunedin.'Phono 3440. sju

K. MOONEY & CO.*J • ' (Geo, Stewart. Manager),

STUART STREET, DUNEDIN,CASH BUYERS

RABBIT S K I N S,; .

SHEEPSKINS, WOOL, Etc.Writ* us for latest prices, tags, etc.

No commission or storage prices.Prompt tpaymente. ojy

WISHART. Consulting Homceo-pathist and Biochemic Therapeutist.SPECIALTY SKIN DISEASES.

I can now confidently undertake to cure,or greatly palliate " shell-shock " ; and with-out feo or reward will treat anv man whohas served tho Empire. Call here, writeor send a friend.

3 GRANT STREET (Off High, street),'Phone 769. 17jy

|TJ"AWKINS'S instant relief. "AsthmaJLJL Powder." ,1s and 2s tin, stands alono •cures when all others fail; post freeSPRING BLOSSOM OINTMENT, priceIs (same size as before the war); noadvance in tho price. Sold everywhere'SPRING BLOSSOM OINTMENT,' l scures sore lege, eczema, pilp S, rashes'skin complaints, etc.; sold everywhere

'

SPRING BLOSSOM PILLS, price Is,cures indigestion, liver, kidney,stomach troubles, also constipation." "OLOOMINE," price 6d, the great corn,-O wart, and bunion cure; best in themarket; sold everywhere.

BLOOM'S Complexion Pills. 43 6d;Bloom's Ointment, Is 6d; Bloom'sLiver and Tonic Pills, 4s 6d.BLAUD'S Iron Pills, 2s 6d; Worm Pow-

ders. Is; Teething Powders, Is;Arsenical Pills, ls 6d; Hawkins's; post "free!HAWKINS'S Pills, Dandelion, Rhubarb,

Antibilious, Camomile, Pilcosia, Indi-gestion ; price ls box, bv post.

EITHER above sent POST FREE.—Ad-dress: Mrs Louisa or C. W. Hawkins,

Herbalist, 150 George street. Dunedin.

ADVERTISEMENTS.

'ONE! TO LENDOn

MORTGAGE SECURITIES.Lowest Current Rates.

REID & LEMON,Solicitors, 9 Dowling street, Duneclin

17jy (opposite Poet Office).

SEND FOR ONE OF OUR £1BARGAIN DRESS PARCELS.

You'll get far morf yardage and bettervalue than elsewher" ' in buying DressStuff for ladies' or girls' wear. DressMaterial is now exceedingly high-costing,but high prices can be almost entirelyavoided by getting one of our £1 Parcels.When ordering say what the materials areto be .used for, and what materials you likebest; then we will send such a parcel as willsurprise you for selection and value. Weget orders ' for Dress Remnant Parcelsfrom all over New Zealand. Everyone ispleased with them. Should the Par-cel not come up to expectation in anyway, please return it at our expense, andyour money returned.

THE DOMINION PARCEL.1 Good Dress Length warm dark grey

tweed, 5 yards, double-width;-1 White SilkBkmso Length, 3 yards, 27in wide; 1Coloured Blouse Length neat small designflannelette, 3 yards: 1 pair Double-bedWhite Sheets, 5 yards; 1 pair Double-bedWhite Blankets, wool and cotton, snowy-white, soft as down, and silk-bound ; 1 pairGood White Turkish Towels; 2 pairsLadiea'_ Black ' Cashmere-finish Stockings ;6 Ladies' White Cambrio Handkerchiefs.This parcel complete, 70s. i

LADIES OWN PARCEL.. 1 pair Black Cashmere-finish Hose, fastcolour; 1 pair Draw-on Winter Gloves,either beaver, grey, or brown; 1 BlackVeil Length, open mesh; 36 yards ParisVal lin wide : 6 - White Handker-chiefs, cambric; 30 yards White or Black4in Chiffon; 1 Cloth Brush, strong quality;I Nail Brush, solid back; 1 Large CakeCastile Soap; 36 Large Black Domes, fastgrip; 2 dozen 4-hole Pearl Buttons, size of six-pence ; 1 Unbreakable Hair Comb; 1 dozenLarge Black Coat Buttons; 12 yards HeavyCotton Torchon Lace, lin wide. This parcelfor 10s.

THE CHILDREN'S PARCEL.6 yards Good Double-width Wincey, suit-

able for Boys' shirts or Girls' blouses, inpink, blue, and grey stripes; 6 yards WarmFlannelette Blousing, 3 yards each of twopatterns if required; 6 yards Neat Grey-Check Worsted, for Girls' dresses, 40inwide; 6 yards Good Black Velveteen, forblouses or girls' dresses; 6 yards GoodNavy Ground Print, guaranteed indigo. dye;30 yards of Good Material in the Parcelfor £2 2s.

W. PENROSE & CO.,GEORGE STREET, DUNEDIN.

M P O R T A N T NOTICE.

ChlMA' STUDIO.

Country-'*,visitors to Dunedin should notfail to visit GUY O. MORRIS, tradingunder the "name of "Guy," tor the bestPhotographic Work at the most moderateprices. / Enlargements a specialty.—Cornerof Princes street and Moray place, Dunedic.Tel. 3188. 27a

£IOO REWARD.WILL Pay the above Reward for Infor-mation leading to Conviction of any-

one in possession of Kuriheka Sheep with-out my authority and Sale Mark.

Kunheka Sheep are firebranded with abar down the nose (l£in x £in)-, and regis-tered! in Dunedin, Clyde, and Oamarnbranding districts. Information re SaleMark on application to

J. COWIE NICHOLS,2f /-.. Maheno.

IHE CENTRAL PRODUCE MART,LIMITED.

(Reilly, Gill, & Co., Proprietors),Moray place, Dunedin,

Respectfully notify and Cus-tomers that they receive Consignments ofall classes of. Fruit, Produce, Rabbitskins,etc., and do their utmost to secure thehighest market prices. They carry fullstocks of everything an Orchardist or Farmerrequires, and guarantee to supply customerswith best quality goods at the lowest pos-sible price.

Fruit Sales are held daily at 9.30 a.m.Purebred and Table Poultry Sale everyWednesday at 2 p.m. Rabbitskin and Tal-low Sales fortnightly. Produce Sales daily.

Wo are agents for the largest and bestNurserymen in New Zealand, and invitocorrespondence. Our Post Office Box is526. Dunedin. Our Telephones 2943, 882,and 2283d, and our Cable and Telegraphicaddress "Central," Dunedin.

E. OSWALD REILLY, Manager.

MISSING FRIENDS

rmiO JAMES DONNELLY and EDWARD- DONNELLY, formerly of Garvaghey,

Ballygawley, County Tyrone, Ireland,and their Children ,(if any), and anyOther Persons claiming to be Nephewsor Nieces of JOHN DONNELLY (alsoknown as John Donnolly), formerly ofGarvaghey, Ballygawley, aforesaid, lateof Russell's Flat, Canterbury, New Zea-land, Farmer, deceased (intestate).

PURSUANT to an Order of the SupremeCourt of New Zealand made by the Hon-ourable F. R.. Chapman on the 19th day ofJuly, 1918, you are Hereby Called UponTO SEND IN YOUR CLAIMS to theEstate of the said JOHN DONNELLY,deceased, to the Undersigned so as to reaohhim before the 31st day of MARCH, 1919.failing which the Estate will be distributedamongst those entitled thereto disregard-ing your claims.

Dated at Wellington this 22nd dav ofJulv, 1918.

E. P. HAY,Solicitor to the Public Trust Office,

Wellington, New Zealand.

At Westminster House, London, the head-quarters of the Minister of Pensions, thegirl messengers have been dismissed, andtheir places given to one-armed dischargedsoldiers.

LEND Greetings to the Boys at the Front.*HE prosperity of the

country warrants theFarmers and Settler 3 ofOta go to consider and actpromptly in the matter ofcomfortably Furnishingthat Dining Room or Bed-room. Our 25 years' ex-perience in manufacturingFurniture places us in thepremier position of advis-ers. "We will furnish de-signs, prices, catalogues forthe asking.

Get a CHESTERFIELDSUITE in strong Tapestry,.£25, or Moquetteup to .£3O

Buy one of our solid OakBEDROOM SUITES, OvalGlasses and Tiles, £22 10/-Packed and trucked Free.Get Married, and Furnish

at

F. & F. MANUFACTURERSand IMPORTERS,

3 OCTAGON, DUNEDIN.

'igestion Makes Life a "Nightmare.PAINS after meals—a feeling of fullness—lack

of appetite—all these symptoms haunt thesufferer from Indigestion. Only slight at first,this malady, if neglected, gets a grip on itsvictims—*' peaceful penetration," in truth. IndLgestion makes life a " nightmare,"

But Dr CROSSUND'S NOXOL Makes if a Dream.Dr CROSSLAND'S NOXOL is the —" J~

proven Indigestion cure that has re-stored hundreds of one-lime sufferers ',

to health and happiness. Made fromNature's herbs and fruit juices, Dr »

CROSSL.AND'S NOXOLisanaturalremedy. Hundreds testify that this /,

splendid cure has banished their indi-gestion permanently. You tryit. All Achemists and stores sell it at 2/- a*,

bottle. Dr CROSSLAND'S are thewords to emphasise. Also from

Marshall's Pharmacy86 Princes Street, Dunedin.

V ;-*SSS: >'-Q m.-->*.

AUCTIONS.

MONDAY, 9th SEPTEMBER; 1918,At Noon.

LAND SALE.

kALGETY & CO. (LIMITED)~s have been instructed by the Public

Trusteo in the Estate of the late DuncanKerr to offer, on the above date, at theirOffice, in Palmerston South:

The PROPERTY, consisting of L.I.P.Section 11, Block XV, Moeraki Dis-trict, containing 51 acres 2 roods 21poles (more or less); annual rental£ll 5s lOd.

EDUCATION RESERVE, Section 4,Block XV, Moeraki District, con-taining 169 acres and 35 poles (moreor less). The lease runs for 21vears from Ist July, 1912; annualrental £2l 3s 2d.

The Pronerty will be offered in TWOLOTS.

Further particulars from thePUBLIC TRUSTEE;

Or,THE AUCTIONEERS.

SUBDIVISION OF PORTION OF THEFAMOUS

MERTON ESTATE,NEAR MUSWELLBROOK AND DEN-

MAN, NEW SOUTH WALES.

ACKNOWLEDGED TO BETHE PICK OF THE HUNTER RIVER.

The Area for subdivision comprises4482 ACRES,

To be cut into 10 Farms from 260 to 800Acres.

Situate within sight of the township ofDenman, and 14 miles from Muswellbrook;-A mile from Denman railway. 14 miles fromMuswellbrook railway, and 170 miles fromSydney.

The bulk of the area offering comprisestho richest alluvial soil, the balance richvolcanic country. Highly adapted forlucerne-growing, dairying, or stud horsefarms. Merfcon" is the home of the well-known racing sires Flavus, Kennilworth. andEn Garde, and many high-priced yearlingshave been turned off this country. Thereis no better land to be procured in NewSouth Wales. It has been held by onefamily for close on a century, and this Saloaffords a rare opportunity of securing landwhich has for so long been held frompublic competition. Dairymen, Farmers,Studmasters, and Fatteners should not over-look this important Sale. The land is richand well watered, the climate is good, therainfall abundant, and the position to localand Sydney, markets is all" that could bedesired.

WEAVER & PERRY (LIMITED),SYDNEY (in conjunction with

CARR BROS., of Maitland), have receivedinstructions from E. R. White, Esq.. iosell the above by public auction at theSchool of Arts. Muswellbrook. on WED-NESDAY, 2nd October, at 2 p.m.

TERMS: Quarter cash; no further pay-ments of principal for 2 years: and thebalance of the purchase money extendingover 3 years, bearing interest at the rate of6 per cent.

LITHOGRAPI-IS ON APPLICATION.

,TAGO DAILY TIMES AND WIT-NESS NEWSPAPERS COMPANY

j (LIMITED).

BRANCH OFFICES.London: 85 Fleet street, E.C. .

J. S. HYSLOP,Representative.

Wellington: 84-86 Jervois 'quay.J. ILOTT (LIMITED).

Christchurch: 5 and 6 Victoria Chambers,Victoria square.

R. HANDCOCK,Representative.

Invercargill: Esk street, near RailwayStation.

J. HUNTER,Branch Manager.

Mosgiel: Gordon road.JOHN P. WALLS,

Representative for Taieri.

ON E Y LEND.

The DUNEDIN SAVINGS BANE isprepared to LEND MONEY on FREE-HOLD SECURITY at Lowest CurrentRate9.

FRED SMITH,16ju Manager.

I The Government orchards inspector paidI a visit to Milton last week, and foundI many of the fruit trees infected with| orchard pests. As a result of hie visitj notices have been served on a number ofresidents to spray their fruit trees forth-with, under threat of bcin<r liable toprosecution without further notice, and onconviction to a penalty of £2O.

A Wanganui business man, who spent afew days at Ashburton, inspected severalof the old men's camps along the riverbank, and expressed himself as being

. delighted with the spirit of independence1 shown by the occupants. He was also

• agreeably' surprised at the neatness of the] interior of many .of the camps. In con-■ versation with some of the inmates, het found they were perfectly happy, and pve-j ferred the independent life to being in an, Old Men's Home.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.Page

Alleged Defamation 45Alleged Libel \ ,„ 14Births, Marriages, and Deaths 3*Calendar fcr the 'Week SCasualties 46Chamber of Commerce 39Che.s.- 47Coal Mines Dispute 23-24Coinwurclal , 24-25Cycling ..'. 44-45Diamond Wedding at Tapanui 49loot's Utile Folkß 66-57Draught* 47Fanciers' Column 45Farm and Station.—Show Dates, Otago's

Slackness, Farmers' Relation to Laud andSociety, Otago A. and P. Society, Surplus■Wool Profits, Notes on Rural Topics, Agri-cultural and Pastoral News, Stock andGrazing Notes, Kelso A. and P. Associa-tion, Southland Agricultural Notes, Wai-tahunn Farmers' Club,, Dry Bot ofTurnips, Southland A. and P. Associa-tion, Maniototo A. a.nd P. Association, TheNorth Island, Farmers' Union Executive,Southern Dairy Factory Companies, Wooland Meat Commandeer, Growing TurnipSeed—An Experience, Our YorkshireLetter, New Zealand • Meat in Store, TheBreadstuff* and Produce Market's, Commer-cial Cablegrams ... ..i 8-14

Foch's Private Life 58Football 41Free Kindergarten Association ...

..".... 5

Fun and Fancy .' • 48Garden and Orchard 6

Labour and the War~

■■ ■■■ 40Ladies' Page.—Table Talk, The Week,

Ladies' Gossip, "Alien's " Letter fromEngland, In Fashion's Realm, Wedding,Home Interests 4D-52

Land and Water.—Harriers, Hockev, Bowl-ing 41

Literature ... ._

'••• 52Local and General ...

4-5Maori Hill School \ • 7Mine Washed Ashore 47Military Service Board 25Mining .... 22Multum in Parvo 47National Ownership • 38News by Cable '•■• •■■ 36Notes and Queries ... ... 35Oil on Timor Island .-.. ...

45Old Cardrona 54-55Otago Educational Institute ...

41Our Babies 52Passing Notes '. » 3Pater's Chat With the Boys 57Patriotic Concert ...

' 14Personal Items 47Personal Notes 58Pipers and Dancers' Association- 43Progress of the War • ... I slReturned Soldiers' Association 48Revolutionary Russia 40Roll of Honour ' '.

* 20Safe Rifled ...

Science and Inventions 55Scott the Toefc " 53Shipment of Brandy ,* ...... .... ...

... .45Short StoriesSix o'Clook Closing ... ...

... ... •■• ••• 7Soldier Settlers 45Somes Island ... ... U\ 45Southland News Notes ■ ...

■•• 23Sporting.—Talk of the Day, In a Nutshell,

Canterbury Doings, Wellington Notes,Auckland Topics, Weights, Acceptances,

~

Etc. ..' 42-43Supreme Court ...

- ••■ 5The Allied Offensive ... 20-22The Apiary « ... •••--•■ 6-7The CountryThe Empire's Call ... .;. 38

The Garland ...

The Gjeat War ... ... .... 15-17The Northern Territory ..» 63The Novelist 48-49The Sketcher •••

54The Stage.—Theatrical and Musical Notes... 46The Week 35- 36

Waikouaiti County Council ■ 7War Honours '

Whippet Tanks .... .., ... »55

Wild Life in New Zealand 55With the New Zealanders 17-19Witness Subscriptions 35

OUR ILLUSTRATIONS(66 Illustrations) —

New Zealanders on the Western Front.Parade of Women War Workers in London.New Zealand's Roll of Honour.Arthur's Pass Railway Station.Dunedin Coursing Club's Meeting.Ruins of the Famous Cloth Hall, Ypres.Salving Bombs from a Wrecked German Aeroplane.A Few Otago Non-comS. in France.Diamond Wedding of Mr and Mrs Thomas Stiven.Dominion Conference of N.Z. Headquarters and

District Staff Officers.The Imperial War Cabinet.Wellington Telegraph Messenger Girls.Scenes on the Western Front.Opening of New Infant Department at Maori Hill

School, etc.

At the Mosgiel Magistrate's Court onMonday, before Messrs A. F. Quslch and D.T. Shancl, J.P.'s, Frederick Thompson andFrederick Edwards (of Dunedin) were fined10s each and court costs for- riding horsesalong Gordon road at a pace contrary to theborough by-laws.- When Constable Findlayaccosted the young men they gave wrongnames and addresses, and until a few daysago the police had been unable to tracethem. They had left their home and taken,up their quarters in the Hampden district.Both had hitherto borne a good character,and this was taken into consideration bythe bench in fixing the pena'.cy.

The Otago Witness.WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 4, 1918.

Pictures from the New Zealand Sector on the Western Front.

NEW ZEALANDEES BIVOUACKED IN A WOOD ON THE WESTERN FRONT, THE SCENE1 BEING SOMEWHAT LIKE AN OLD-TIME MIXING CAMP IN THEIR OWN COUNTRY

LOADING SALVAGED SHELL CASES IN THE NEW ZEALAND SECTOR FORTRANSPORT TO THE BASE.

A NEW ZEALAND FIELD AMBULANCE ESTABLISHED IN A WOOD ON THE WESTERN FKONT. (New Zealand official photos.)

SHOEING A REFRACTORY MULE IS A SOMEWHAT TICKLISH OPERATION.

THE ROLL OF HONOUR: NEW ZEALAND SOLDIERS WHO HAVE MADE THE SUPREME SACRIFICE.

SNAPSHOTS AT THE DUNEDIN COURSING CLUBS CHALLENCE STAKES MEETINC, HELD AT FORBURY PARK.

Sec.-lieut. A. E. M. Rowland,Killed in action.

Rflmn. A. Flack(Waikiwi), died of woundls

Rflmn. Harold E. Bull(Gisborne). killed in action

Pvte. Robert Pritchard(Wellington), died of wounds

Pvte. A. J. FrickerffipoiEretownl. killed in action

Sec.-lieut. A.ißalchtthh), ki

T. Johnstonlied in action.

Rflmn. Jesse Morriswaka Valley), killed in actio

Pvte. L. W. Beer(Woodlands), died of sickness

Trooper A. L. Throp(Dunedin), died of wounds.

THE ARTHUR'S PASS RAILWAY STATION AT THE ENTRANCE ON THECANTERBURY SIDE OF THE' OTTRA TUNNEL.

SOME OF THE OWNERS AND THEIR DOGS

Pvte. James R. E. Wilson(Maheno), killed.

Pvte. Francis C. Ward(Blenheim), died of pneumonia.

ANOTHER VIEW OF THE ARTHUR'S PASS RAILWAY STATION, WITH THE ENGINE

ON THE RAILWAY TURN-TABLE.

MRS W. CLARKE'S SEAPLANEWinner of the Challenge Stakes.

MESSKS JAUiIbUjN AAJJ HUWAItJJS J? VLtlu na^u.

Runner-up.

MR R. ROSS'S NEW CHUM,Winner of the Supplementary Stake.

ME C. E. MASK'S FIEST HOME,Winner of the Sapling Stakes.

(Photos by Waters.)-

GROUP OF WELL-KNOWN COURSING FOLLOWERS FROM WANGANUINELSON, LOWER HUTT, AN D SOUTHLAND.

28OTAGO WITNESS September 4. 1918",

WOMEN'S HOMAGE PROCESSION TO THE KING.Three thousand women war workers marched in procession to Buckingham Palace to present an address of homage to the King and Queen on the occasion of their silver wedding

(Copyright—Central News, photo.)

ENDELL STREET MILITARY HOSPITAL NURSES

WOMEN'S LAND ARMY.

WOMEN'S ROYAL NAVAL SERVICE

TKAMWAY WOMEN

WOMEN POLICE

WOMEN MUNITION WORKERS

WOMEN'S LEGION

POST OFFICE MAIL VAN DRIVERS

September 4, 1918 OTAGO WITNESS 29

Pictures from the New Zealand Sector on the Western Front.

THE MAIN STREET IN A RUINED VILLAGE ON THE WESTERN FRONT.

NEW ZEALAND MACHINE GUNNERS FITTING MACHINE GUN BELTS WITH CARTRIDGES

DISINFECTING UNDERCLOTHING

NEW ZEALAND TRENCH MORTAR OFFICERS ON THESOMME: TEA TIME. IS IT TEA?

LOADING A NEW ZEALAND TRENCH MORTAR.

WAITING HIS TURN: THE OPEN-AIR BARBER'S SHOPIX THE TRANSPORT LINE.

(New Zealand official photoe.)

30 OTAGO WITNESS Sei'TEmbkb 4, 1918

E.A.F. MEN SALVING BOMBS A WRECKED GERMAN AERDPLANI-ON THE WESTERN FRONT.

A HUGE GERMAN RAIDING AEROPLANE BROUGHT DOWN" IX FRANCE

AUSTRALIANS CAPTURE A GERMAN IMPREGNABLE POSITION ON THE WESTERN FRONT.The artillery drove the Huns fniu their fortress, and the Infantry did the rest.

—Australian Official photo.

A. FORTIFIED COTTAGE JUST BEHIND THE LINES ON THE WESTERN FRONT.

BRITISH TOMMIES ENJOYING A MEAL COOKED IN A REAL STOVE

THE BEICKS OF AGES: RUINS OF THE FAMOUS CLOTH HALL, YPRES.

Septembek 4, 1918. OTAGO WITNESS* 31

THE DIAMOND WEDDING OF MR AND MRS THOMAS STIVEK, OF TAPANUI: REUNION OFTHE SONS AND DAUGHTERS AND GRANDCHILDREN.

THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION (HON. J. A. HANAN) SPEAKING AT THE OPENING OF THE

T?£W INFANT DEPARTMENT AT THE MAORI HILL SCHOOL. AND THE UNVEILING OF

THE HONOURS RECORD MONUMENT.

A FEW OTAGO NON-COMS. IX FRANCE.Front row (from left): Petre, Hewitt, W. MacGregor, MacMurray, Lorimer, Aitken. Kay.Rownthwaite. Middle row: Woodey, Ferguson, Wilson, Smith (names of others not given)Back row: Sergts. Bill Coughlan, Smith, Williams, Jeffery, Kennedy (names of others not

given).

Sergt. P. McCregor;

Of N.E. Valley, has been awarded theDistinguished Conduct Medal.

AN ARAB STALLION CAPTURED FROM THE TURKS IN EGYPTTrooper T. E. Pollock, of Waipounamu,wounded on July 14, is standing at the

head of the horse.

A GOOD FAMILY RECORD.(1) Jonn Rogen. (2) Arthur Rogen, (3) Miss Elsie Rogen, recently pre-sented to the King, (4) Percy Bo lard (.nephew), (5) William Rogen.

Sons and daughter of Mr Fred. Rogen, late of St. Clair.

GROUP OF HEALTHY AND HAPPY MAORI HILL SCHOOL CHILDREN"LISTENING TO THE ..DRESS.

DOLLS' GARDEN PARTY.This design excited great interest at the Dolls' Emporium at the Early Settlers Hall

on the 16th August.

A WINNING OTAGO TUG-OF-WAR TEAM AT THE FKONT,

Back row (from left): R. S. M. Ryhan, Larsen, M'Derniid, Miller,Tier, Cook. Sitting: Cupples, Konayne, Sergt. Cook (Military-

Medal).

32 OTAGO WITNESS Ski'temiieb 4, 1918.

The above photograph includes the principal Staff Officers in New Zealand, those who have seen active service in the present war being indicated by a star. (*) The record of the New Zealand horces at the front is largely1 due to the good work performed m the Domi non by these officers.

-p» vD’ °. f IL“”dT ’staff'’(Musketry)- Captain Myers, A.A.G. (*); Captain Cosgrove, Director of Recruiting; Captain Crosse (*), Director- of Organisation; Major Griffon. Director of Financial

dCServices-

JL’eut-Col Roberts!' Director of 'Artillery; Captain Bryan (*), Assistant Military Secretary; Major Director of Supply and Transport; Captain Robertson, A.A.O. (*); Major 1-iancis Director c{

Base Records; Lieut.-col. Gardner H Coast Defence; Major Nutsford {*), Director of Movements and Quartenngs; Captain Browning, A.A.G.

This historical group was photographed at Xo. 10 Downing street. Mr Lloyd George (Prime Minister) is in the centre, Mr Massey is on the extreme left, nex. to him an Ind an 1 lince. Mi .M. H D ®

| j photoMr Lloyd George, with,Mr A. J. Balfour next. On the extreme left of the middle row is Admiral W emyes, and next to him bir J. G. \\ aid. JA-ci., pnoto.

DOMINION CONFERENCE ''• NEW ZEALAND HEADQUARTERS AND DISTRICT STAFF OFFICERS.

THE IMPERIAL WAR CABINET.

WELLINGTON TELEGRAPH MESSENGER ILLS.On the left of the front row, Mr J. 2?. Thomson, Miss Williams (in white), Mr A. J. • ■ Tmtot, superintendent (in centre), Mr A

Thomas, senior despatch clerk, on right

LIEUT.-COL. CECIL HUMPHRIES, D.C.M.A New Zealander who graduated from the ranks, and rose by merit

and pluck. (See letterpress.)

Skitembkh 4, 1918 OTAGO WITNESS 33

THE FIRST STAGE OX THE ROUTE TO BLIGHT \ : WOUNDED NEW ZEALANDERSBOARDING A TRAIN.

THE PALACE OF YEESAILLES, TAKEN ON THE OCCASION OF THE VISIT OFTHE NEW ZEALAND EUGBY TEAM.

AN 1 OPEN-AIR PERFORMANCE BY THE PIERROTS OF A NEIGHBOURING- DIVISION,LARGELY ATTENDED BY NEW ZEALANDERS.

A NEW ZEALAND BRIGADIER-GENERAL ADDRESSING HIS OFFICERS AFTERA FIELD DAY.

AT THE END OP A HARD DAY'S WORK EACH MAN HAS A HEALTHY APPETITE

\ CHEERFUL STRETCHER CASE BEING PLACED ON THE TRAINEN ROUTE TO BLIGHTY.

THE KILTED BAND OF AN AUCKLAND REGIMENT: NO WONDER AN APPEAL IS BEING-MADE FOR PIPES FOR THE OTAGO MEN.

FOUR THOUSAND PAIR OF SOCKS ARE WASHED DAILY BY TWENTY MEN. THEYOUNGEST OF WHOM IS FORTY-FIVE YEARS.

A PARTY OF NEW ZEALANDERS FEESH FEOM THE TRENCHES AWAITING THEIRTURN AT THE DIVISIONAL BATHS.

A FORBIDDEN GAME: NEW ZEALANDERS INDULGE IN A SURREPTITIOUSGAME OF "TWO-UP."

„. . , u x .(New Zealand official photoe.J'

34

OTA GO WITNESS September 4. 1918.

NOTES AND QUERIES.Questions for reply in coaulng issue to bo. ra-

o*iv«(i not later, than SATURDAY nig'-V .

Questions will NOT b* seylwd to throughiha post.. ' /

Anzac asks if a returned soldier, or partyof rotmned soldiers, may-select a run onany. orown lands in Central Otago, andhave, it . granted to them without the

.necessity of a ballot.; Any runs in Cen-tral Otago or elsewhere must first bedeclared open for selection by dischargedsoldiers bofore any application can bedealt with. At present there are noCrown lands open for selection as runs.

One in Doubt.—According to a statementissued by the New Zealand Defence De-partnxent, the weekly pay of a Canadiansoldier is £1 12s Id, and the weekly allow-ance to the wife is £1 Os lOd. Accordingto this statement, no allowance is madefor children.- In case of the death of a.Canadian soldier each child is entitledto a pension of 12dol per month.

Old Subscriber.—(l) The teacher you referto would have to get''the sanction of theEducation Board, which would no doubtlay down the conditions. (2) Any neglectof duty, if proved, would be dealt withby the board.

Returned asks: "If a returned soldierleases a farm, for five or more years, withright of purchase, from a private person,can he secure the JSOO from the Govern-ment for stocking it?"——Financial assist-ance may only be given to dischargedsoldiers 1 who own freehold land or are thelessees or licensees of any land adminis-tered by a Land Board. .

Reader.:—An applicant for admission as aprobationer nurse must not be less than20 years,nor over 82 years. ■ At the latterago it means that a nurse ■is 35 years ofage before she is qualified and registered.No. doubt the age limits have been fixedas the result of experience.

Taranaki.—The term "'The Honours Three"is used in reference to the Scottish regalia—i.e., the crown, the sword, and thesceptre, which are exhibited in the CrownEoom in the Castle of Edinburgh. Thecrown of Seotland, long lost sight of, wasin 1818 discovered with the other regalia,in a cheat in Edinburgh Castle. Itsgold circle, richly jewelled and enamelled,•is heightened with 10 fleur-de-lys, alter-nating with as many crosses fleury, eachadoSPed in the centre with a. greatdiamond between four large pearls putcrossways. Pour gold arches (added inthe reign of James IV) close under amound, on which rest a large cross withfour pearls at the extremities, Exceptingthe arches, the crown is probably of thedate of Robert Bruce. The sceptre is ofthe time of James V; the sword was apresent from Pop© Julius II to James IVin 1507. During the Civil war the regaliawere removed by the Earl Marischal forsafo custody from the Crown Room ofEdinburgh Castle (their usual place of de-posit) to his castle of Dunottar, and fromthe Restoration to the Union the regaliacontinued to bo kept in tlio Crown Eoomas formerly. From the Union till 1818 theregalia remained locked in a chest inthe Crown Eoom away from publio gaze,but in 1818, an order bsing obtainedfrom the Prince Begent, the chest in theCrown Room was broken open, and thecrown, sword, and- sceptre were found asthey had been deposited at the Union,along.with a silver rod of office, supposedto bo that of the Lord High Treasurer.They are now in the charge of the officersof state for Scotland, and arc exhibitedin the Crown Eoom.

E-. H., Otautau, asks how to feed an orphanlamb, all previous attempts having failed.

Keep tho lambs warm, and feed smallquantities of food at a time, especially inthe ea.rly stages (half a small cupful;.Give the lamb fresh warmed cow's milk of

food • quality, but not. milk which hasoiled, ©very two hours for a few days,

-

and then at longer intervals—say four orfive times a day. Notice if the bowels areworking, and if doubtful give half a. tea-spoonful of castor oil, say, 12 hours afterthe first drink, and following oh a feed-ing. Use an indiarubber teat (enlargingthe hole slightly)' on the vessel holdingthe milk—a small teapot is as good asanything. •Be sure and keep everythingin use scrupulously clean and scaldeddaily after feeding.

G. J. A. H.—Your best plan is to advertisefor the bird you desire to.secure.

Laboue.—To open a labour agency applica-tion must be made to the Labour Depart-ment, who will forward two forms to. you.These must be filled in and cent to themagistrate of the district. On his. signa-ture being obtained, the sum of 10s mustbo forwarded to the above department,the. fee for a license, and all informationregarding fees, etc. (which are fixed? by. • theGovernment), : will •be supplied by them.

M.P.—The" following is a' suitable j methodfor a small number of skins: —When theekin i 3 dry rip It open, and soak in wateruntil soft. Tack on to a fiat board. Eachskin has three layers oil it, and with apiece of wood, which has been smoothedand pointed, lift • two of the layers quiteoff. Rub in altim and salt to cure, andWhen cured wash thoroughly to take outthe salt, otherwise the skin -will not dry.Tack again on to the board, and flay withthe fingers to make it soft and pliable.Ha.ng. on the line to dry. The processoccupies about a fortnight. The preparedskins can be procured so reasonably thatit is hardly worth the trouble of curing.

Chaffcutteh, St. Bathans.—Mr H. M. Dayey,consulting engineer, Princes street, replies:"Through the courtesy of one of the

' managers of Messrs Reid and Gray, I amenabled from your description (which Ishowed to him) to say that your machineand elevator would need four brake horse-power. Now, presuming that you have anovershot water wheel (you mention yourwheel" is a 10ft one, but do not say' where' the water is applied to it), thenyour fall would be at least 10ft 6in fromthe intake to the level of the tailrace. If,therefore, these figures are correct, as issupposed from your letters, you will needfully five horse-power. The quantity of•water would be six Government heads for•this power, but if you could get a littlemore you would bo wise to do so. Writeagain if you want further information."

Tank, Fairfield.—Mr H. M. Davey replies:." I believe that if built as you say—andfrom your description you seem to knowpretty well what you .are about—tho 14inwalls would be quite strong enough.Indeed the last 18in or 2ft might be 9mthick, though, if you have covers at anytime, perhaps not. There is, however, acheap way of strengthening the longervtalis, and it is by building in, say, twolengths, which would be each about 9ftlong, of hoop iron—one, say, 18in from thebottom, and the other between that andthe top. These would give strength ifyou want to use the tank before it wasquite set, and by the time they weakened,all would be thoroughly set. Indeed, twostrips of wood, say, din by Jin to |in thick,would answer the purpose as well or nearlyso; but still they would not bo neededunless you would need the tank very soon.Messrs Chairibrs, of Stuart street, have a.preparation called ' Truss Con' that Wouldrender the inside plaster watertight, whenthinner plaster than you mention woulddo. I.have had this used, and it was effec-tive. ■, Your tank would hold slightly over.2000 gallons of water, and the water wouldweigh 20,0001b. Need the/ bottom be asthick as you say ? I suppose, however,that the ground is not too good. See thatyour bricks are thoroughly wet whenbuilding, as they are stronger so, andgood cement will get harder also in thatcase. Write and say how you succeed."

WaITAKI, Papakaio.—-Mr H. M. Davey, con-sulting engineer, replies: "It seems verydoubtful that if anything sinks to a cer-tain distance it would ' never' reach thebottom, or else the surface, be it a .shipor any substance of about the earn© densityas water. It is, however, I believe, pos-sible that it might float bslow the surfacefor a considerable time, as you can try,and as I have tried, in any deep tank oreven in a full barrel or bath; but thedeeper the better for the experiment. Yousimply cat a piece of wood, preferablyroughly to the shape of a boat, and dropanything small and heavy, such as shot,into it till it sinks. If you are very care-ful the boat can be mad© to swim, say,Gin below the surface, and if pushed downit will sometimes come up and nearlytouch the surface, and then oscillate, upand down till it ends at the same distancebelow as before; but if left there, it willnot generally keep that position, but eitherrise or sink in time. The _ same sort ofthing can be done in the air. Get a toyballoon and fill it with gas, and thencarefully weight it, and it can be made tofloat, say, 3ft above* the floor of a room,and if pushed up or down will generallyget to the original freight. I tried this,and the final weight wes a few drops ofwater on the top, and as this dried theba-loon rose to the ceiling. Bui what withconfined air that might leak out and letwater in, what with rotting and such likethings, or meat or food turning to gas, itseems not possible that the equilibriumshould remain for very long, certainly notfor ' ever.' Have I made myself quiteclear? If not, write again."

Brake Horse-power, Wellington.—Mr H.ML Davey, consulting engineer, replies:"I am very glad that you put the ques-'tion you did. You say that the tighteryou screw down the bolts the more youget on the spring balance (or weights, astho case may be). Quite true; but remem-ber tha.t the sum at the end embracesnot only the number of pounds registeredbut also the number of revolutions of the

' pulley, so it comes to about the samething; for, roughly, it would mean, say,400 revolutions per minute and 1501b, asagainst (if you tightened the bolts suffi-ciently) 3001 b but only 200 revolutions perminute, and so on: the tigher the morepounds, but less revolutions. Of courseyou can pull the engine up; but tho realreading would bo about the same, as Ibelieve you -will now see. If, however, yoitstill want any more information, -writeagain. There is no correct tension inreality, as if you are short of weights(or reading on the spring balance) thelever must be. longer. "What is reallywanted is that you have control of the

: power, and are able by a slight turn ofthe bolts or nuts to make the revolutionsa little less or more, as the case may be—-that is, as you slacken or tighten thebolts."

FOR THE EMPIRE'SCAUSE.DFATHS.

BUTLEB.—On August 23, 1918, diedfrom wounds in France, Trooper PatrickButler (G5201, 33rd Reinforcements, lateDunedin Police Force), beloved son ofJames Butler, Medbury, and son-in-luw ofC. Wilkie, Broad Bay.

A soldier and a man.GORDON.—On August 26, 1918, died

from wounds' "Somewhere in France,"Second Lieutenant A. R. Gordon, third sonof R. N. and M. N. Gordon, Roslyn.

. We lay in dust life's glory dead,and from the ground there blossomsred life that shall endless be.

M'DONNELL—On August 22, 1918,"Somewhere in France," Private RandolphM'Donnoll, fourth beloved son of John andSarah M'Donnell; aged 27 years. R.I.P.

He did his duty.

STUART.—On August 16, 1918, killed inaction in France, Second Lieutenant W. A.Stuart (27613, 17th Reinforcements),, be-loved eldest son of Mr and Mrs J. B.Stuart, Highcliff; aged 27 years. Dooplyrnourned.

SWANN.—On August IG, 1918, killed inaction in France, Private George Swann(23634, 13th Reinforcements), dearly be-loved youngest son of Jessie a.nd the lateDavid' Swann, 13 Helena street, SouthDunedin; aged 24 years.

Thy will be done.THOMSON.—On August .30, 1918, fliea.

from wounds received in action in France,Second Lieutenant Arnold Thomson(N.Z.R.8.), third son of ffm. Thomson,liichic street, Roslyn; aged 32 years.

TORRANCE—On August 28, 1918, •diedfrom pneumonia " Somewhere in France,"1525S—Sergeant-major Robert Gordon(Otago Infantry Battalion, 15th Reinforce-,inents, second youngest fion of Mrs Tor-rance (S 3 Park" terrace, Kensington, Dun-edin) and the late E. C. Torrance; aged26 years.

He died for his country.WEIR.—On August 18, 1918, died from

wounds received while in action "Some-where in France," Lieutenant MichaelWeir (A.J.F.),/youngest son of H. Weir, 22

.' Peel street, Hornington; aged 25 years.WILSON.—On August 27, 1918, at Pun-

troon, near Oamaru, William lluir (lateLance-corporal 18th Reinforcements), dearlybeloved husband of Margaret Wilson (neeRichmond); aged 34 years. At rest.

IN MEMORIAM.FRAZER.—In loving memory of Trooper

Robert M'Kinlay (Boh) Fraser (3rd Rein-forcements, Otago Mounted Rifles), whodied at St. Andrew's Hospital, Malta, fromenteric, September 3, 1915, youngest sonof John and Jane Frazer, Stirling.

. Sleeping in a soldier's grave,Laid iasido with other brave.We miss his cheery greeting,

Wo miss his sunny smile;But, though on earth we're parted,

'Tis only for a while.—lnserted by his loving parents.

HOTJRSTON—In loving memory ofTrooper John Hourston, 9/710, who died atMalta on August 29," 1915, from illness con-tracted at Gallipoli, second son of Win. andC. Hourston, of Houipapa. . , .

Three years have passed, yet we feel,— .

Words would fail our love to tell;'But in Heaven we hope to meet him,

, And with Jesus to forever dwell.—lnserted by his parents, brothers," andsisters.

JOHNSTONE.—In loving memory ofTrooper Duncan "M'-P. Johnstone (OtagoMounted Rifles), who was killed in actionat Gallipoli on August 27, 1915'.

> For the Empire.KEENAN. —In loving memory of Lance-

corporal John D. Kee.nan, who' was killedin action on August 31, 1017.

In a.distant land he liesAt rest in a soldier's grave;But while life and memory lastWe will remember thee.

—lnserted by his loving parents, sisters,and brothers.'

M'DONALD.—In loving memory ofTrooper E. J. M'Donald (Main Body),Palmerston South, who died at KingGeorge's Hospital, London, on September0, 1915, from wounds received at the Dar-danelles, fourth son of Marjory M'Donald,Wansbeek street, Oamaru.

To memory ever dear.—lnserted by his loved ones.

M'FADGEN. —In loving memory of ourdear brother, Neil John M'Fadgcn, whowas killed in action August 81, 1917.Inserted by his brother and sisters.

REAL.—In loving memory of TrooperJohn Michael Heal (Main Body), who diedfrom wounds received in action at theDardanelles on August 31, 1915, dearly He-loved only son of John and Mary Real,Tuapeka West.—Instertcd by his' lovingparents and sisters.

REAL.—In loving memory of our onlybrother, Driver J. M. Real, 'who died fromwounds received while in action at Gal-lipoli.

He rose responsive to his Country'scall,—

He gave his life, his best—his all.—lnserted by his sorrowing sisters.

WARDS.—In loving momorv of my dearbrother, 3/740—Private Ward's (sthReinforcements), who was Ifilled by onexplosion when the transport Southland wastorpedoed while proceeding from Alexan-dria to Gallipoli o,n September 2, 1915,fourth son of David and the late CatherineWards, of Tuturau; in his 28th year.

Three years have passed, and still wemiss him,—

There is such a vacant place;Wo will ne'er forget his kindness

Or his dear familiar face.—lnserted by his loving sister, MarvShanks.

LAW QUERIES.[Answered bj a solicitor of the Suprem* Court

l! New Zealand. Letters and Telegram* must beaddressed to "LEX/* o/o Editor, Otago Witnees,Dunedin.]

Local Goveenjient.—The matter is- evi-dently put in order by '"The RatingAmend-ment Act 1910," which provides that: Anadditional charge of 10 per centum may boadded to all rates unpaid at the expira-tion of six months, and 14 days fromthe demand thereof, and shall be payableand recoverable accordingly; but audiadditional charge of 10 per centum shallnot bs recoverable until a local authorityhas publicly notified tiiat the same willbe added.

Mustereu.—(1) Under the- Police OffencesAct it is not lawful to lay poison on orwithin three chains of any highway out-side of any Borough or Town District.If you can prove to the satisfaction of amagistrate that your loss was sustainedthrough the wrongful act of your neigh-

bour, you could successfully claimdamages. (2) A would require to boregistered under the Poisons Act beforehe can legally sell poison.

Anxious Friend.—The military authoritieshave power to deal with the offender inthe manner indicated in your letter.

Lero.—Your best course is to consult yoursolicitor and call a private meeting ofyour creditors.

BIRTHS.HARRISON—On August 25, at 231 High

street, the wife of fit T. Harrison—adaughter.

' HAUPTFLEISCH. —At Nurse- Bell's,Oamaru, to F. B. and Mrs Hauptfleisch, ofBortons—a son. All well.

HUNT.—On August 22. a't Nurse BelFs,Oamaru, to Rev. G. W. and Mrs Hunt, theManse, Peebles—a son.

ROBERTSON—On August 14, at NurseCupples's, Albany street, to Mr and -MrsGeorge Robertson—a son.

STEPHEN.—On August 27, at RcdroofsMaternity Hospital, to Mr and Mrs D.Stephen, of 16 Dunblane street, Roslyn—adaughter.

WRIGHT.-On August 29, afc 6 Little-bourne crescent. Roslyn. to Mr and MrsAubrev E. Wright—a son.

WOOTTEN.—On August 27, 1918, at"Asphodel," Royal terrace (Nurses Sandreyand Pickles),'to' Mr and Mrs L. S. Woot-ten, of Benmore, Omarama—a son.

MARRIAGE.GRAY—GALBRAITH.—On August 31,

at the residence of the bride, " Barwheys,"11 Baird street, East Invercargill, by the.

Rev. W, H. Burridge, Gunner ' RobertGray, .fourth son of Hugh /Gray, N.E. Val-ley, Dunedin-; to Elizabeth Harvey, seconddaughter of the late John Galbraith.

DEATHS.BENNETT.—On August 30, at his resi-

dence, 37 Harrow street, Dunedin, JosephShepherd, the beloved husband of AnnieEliza Bennett (late of Timaru) ;■ aged 72years. Deeply mourned. "A patient suf-ferer gone to rest.'

August 31, at his parents'/residence, 141 Dundas street, Walter James,the beloved second eldest son of F. W. andE. A. Biggs; aged 33 years- Deeplymourned.

CAMPBELL—On August 31, 1918, at, herresidence; 181 Can-oil street. Harriet JanoCampbell. Deeply regretted.

CARNEGY.—On August 28, at Palmers-ton, Jessie, relict of James Carnegy; aged74 j-earsr Deeply regretted.

CHANDLER.—On Thursday, August 29,1918, at Dunedin Hospital, Richard, 'thebeloved husband of Jane K. Chandler, ofWaihola; in his seventy-first year.

CLELAND.—On September 2, at his resi-dence, Pine Hill, Matthew, beloved hus-band of Janet Cleland, and father of MrsArchibald Struthers, of N.E. Valley.

CROWE.—On August 28, 1918, at Dun-edin, Adam, the beloved infant son ofA"dam and Clara Crowe, Kaitangata.Deeply mourned. '

EDIE.—At his residence, "Springfield,"Edievale, on August 28, John, the belovedhusband of Mary Edie; aged 83 years. "Atrest."

GORDON.—On September 3, at Dun-edin, Vera, beloved third daughter "ofJames and Jessie Gordon, of Duncan street;aged 17 years. Deeply mourned. Privateinterment".—Hope and Kinaaton, ■ under-takers.

GRAHAM.—On August 27, afc Naseby.,Mary, the beloved wife of. James Graham;in her forty-first year. North Island papersplease codv. "At rest."

CRIFFEN.—On August 31. 1918, at herparents' residence, Burkes, Rubina Agnes(wee Ruby), dearly beloved daughter ofWilliam and Mary Griffen; aged 12 years."A patient sufferer gone to rest." Deeplymourned., ... ,' ■

I-lAIG.—On Saturday, Auguet 31, atLauder, Andrew Haijr, late of Cambrians;aged 74 years.

HANNEFFY —At Christchurch. onAugust 19, Ann Hanneffy (late of Milton) ;

aged 70 years. R.I.P.On August at Low-

burn Ferry, Margaret relict of W. Hender-son, Roaring Meg: in her seventy-fifthyear. Deeply mourned.

JAMES.—On August 31, 1918, at St. Clair,Sister James, late nurse Dunedin Hospital."Thy will be done."

JAMISON.—On August 31, 1918, at hisresidence, 13 Peel street, Mornington, John,dearly beloved husband of Jano R. Jami-son ; "aged 74- years. Deeply mourned.

KEIR.—On ' Ceptember 1, at Dunedin(after long and painful suffering), AnnioM'Gill. the dearly beloved wife of ThomasB. Keir, and dearly loved mother ..of JaneM. Keir. 143 Macandrew road, and PrivateJames D. B. Keir, on active service. Deeplymourned.

LEWIS.—On August 28, 1918, at .Dun-edin Hospital. George Thomas, dearly-be-loved second eldest son of William andAlice Lewis, of Dunedin; aged 16 years.R.I.P. ~ ~

LILLIE —On August 30, at his residence,25 Henrv street. Maori Hill, Charles, be-loved husband of Margaret E. Lilhe; aged77 vears. "At rest."

LOCHHEAD —On August 28, at herresidence, 421aGeorge street, Mary Hill,relict of William David Lochhead; in herei°-btv-first vear. "Peace, perfect peace."

M'CARTNEY—On August 29. 1918, athis residence. "Seaton," Portobello, GeorgeM'Oartney; aged 85 years. Deeply re-gretted.

MARTIN.—On August 20. 1913, at herresidence. Enfield. Mary Martin, the be-loved wife of T. B Martin; in her sixty-fourth vear. Deeply mourned.

MILBURN—On Septembar 3 (suddenly),at her residence, 14 Fawcett street. SouthDunedin, Mary Ann, widow of John Mil-burn (late of Lawrence); aged 67 years."At rest." Interment at Lawrenoe.—Hopeand Kinaston, undertakers.

MILNES.—On September 2, 1918, at herresidence, 698 Cumberland street, MarthaAnn. the dearly-beloved wifo of JosephMilnes; in her eightieth year. "At rest."Private interment.—Franwell and Holgate,Undertakers.

MITCHELL.—On August 29, 1918, athis residence, 48 Macandrew" road, SouthDunedin, Dennis Capps, dearly beloved hus-band of Elizabeth Mitchell; in his seventy-fourth vear. "At rest."

PALMER.—On September 1. 1918. at hisresidence, Otokia, Henry Palmer; aged 66vears. Deeply regretted.

'

SMITH.—On August 27. at- Parnell,Auckland, Emily Winifred, daughter of thelate Jamee Smith, of Greenfield.

"THOMSON.—On August 29, at her resi-dence, 14 Pine Hill terrace, Jane Hender-son, relict of Henry Thomson.

DEATHS.TODD.—On September 3, at hie resi-dence, 15 Harcourt - -street, Belleknowes,James, the beloved husband of ElizabethLomsa Todd. Deeply regretted.—The

Funeral will leave'the residence at 10 a.m.on Friday 6th inst., for the NorthernCemetery.—Hope and Kinaston. under-. takers.

TONER.—On September 1. 1918, at Duri-edin, John Toner, of Oxford street. SouthDunedin (late of Warfca-huna); aged 82years. Deeply regretted.

TONGE.— On August 30, at Oamaru,Gwendoline Hartley, beloved wife of Lieu-tenant-commander Tonge, Lake Nvassa, anddaughter of the lato Rev. F. O. Platta(.vicar of Port Chalmers) and -Mrs Platts(Trent street, Oamaru). Private interment.

TRAVIS—On September 1, 1918. at his 'residence, Wharopuni, Totara. near Oamaru, 'George Arnold Travis, dearly beloved hus-band of Elizabeth Travis; in his forty-third;year. Deeply, mourned.

TRAVIS.—On September 1 (suddenly), .at Oamaru, George Arnold, beloved fourth 'son of Thomas Gorst and Jane Elizabeth .Travis; aged 42 years (Dunedin, late ofArrowtown).

WEIR.—On August 29, at Dunedin (sud- .denly). Christian, infant son of Mr andMrs Weir, Mornington Hotel; aged twoyears and a-half. Deeply mourned.

WILKINSON.—On August 30. 1918, afcDunedin, Francis William, thired and*deariy-belovcd son of John and Jessie Wil-kinson, of 28 Hyde street, Dunedin; aged17 years. Deeply. mourned.

IN MEMORIAM.BORLEY.—In loving memory of Graham,who died on September. 3,, 1914. dearly be-

loved son of Alfred and Janet Borley." i,

Too dearly loved to ever be forgotten.

—lnserted by his loving parents.DUDFIELD.—In loving memory of

Florence Edith (Flossie), the dearly belovedyoungest daughter of Alice and the late•Harry Dudfield, Dalkeith, N.E Valley,who 'passed away September 1, 1913; aged 15years. • '

..

GOLLAR.—In loving memory of my dearhusband, who died on August 31, 1916."Inserted by«his loving wife and daughter. \

GUY.—In loving memory of Margaret '\

Guy. Also. William Guv, who died onAugust 26;-1909, at Woodlands, North-EastValley.

Call not back the dear departed,Anchored safe where storms are o'er;

On the borderland we left themSoon to meet and part no more.

Far beyond thi3 world of changes,Far beyond this world of care,

We shall find our missing loved onesIn our Father's mansion fair.

—lnserted by their loving daughter,Maggie.

GWYNNE.—In loving memory of JohnThomas Gwynne, who died at Palmereton,August 30, 1914. ■■■•[ "-;,'.;'

'•

A sorrow too great for words,Too deep' for time to heal ;-•"■-. 'Your memory is as dear, to-day ■ !

As in the hour you passed away.—lnserted by his loving wife and family.

HUNTER.—In fond and loving memoryof.our dear -husband and father, who passed. {away on September 4, 1912, at Timaru.Deeply mourned and sadly missed.—lnserted •by his. loving wife and daughter. . ■■, *

JARVIS.—In loving memory of my dear ■husband, who died at Anderson's Bay onSeptember 1,19V). *

The one I love, he now lies low,His fond, true heart is still;

The hands that always helped rne onNow lie in death's cold chill.

—lnserted by his loving wife.JARVIS. —ln Joying memory of my

dear father, who died at Anderson's Bay,September 1, 1916.

Death came stealing o'er his pillowAt the dawning of the day;

Without a word, without a struggle,Peacefully he passed away.

—lnserted by his loving daughter and son-in-law, and grandchildren, Rose andCharlie Barlow.

JARVIS.—In loving memory of JohnThomas Jarvis, who died at Vauxhall onSeptember 1, 1916.

Your memory Is a 3 dear to-dayAs in the hour you passed p.way.

—lnserted by Harry and Maud.LITTLE.—In memory of E. Little, who

died at Auckland on August 29, 1916.—■Inserted by her loving mother and eister, ■E. Mathcvvson and A. Burns. ;

M'EWAN.—In loving memory of my 'dear sister, who died at Wellington.' onAugust' 31. 1917.—Inserted by her loving '.

sister,m >M; F. iM'FARLANE.—In loving memory of my

dear wife. Catherine, who passed away on 'August 30, 1917.

The one I loved, she now lies low,—Her fond, true heart is still;

The hands that always helped me soNow lie in death's cold chill.

'Tis sad, but 'tis tame,Though we cannot tell whv:The best are the firstThat ore called on to die.

—lnserted by her loving husband and son.M'FARLANE.—In loving memory of

Catherine M'Farlane, who passed away ather mother's residence, Macandrew road,August 30, 1917.—Inserted by her lovingmother, sisters, and brother.

MILLICrAN.—In fond remembrance o&our dear father. William Douglas Minigan,who passed to his rest at his home, Jane-field, Crookston, on September 4, 1916." Gone, but not forgotten."—lnserted by hitfloved ones at Janeficld, Waikaia, and Christ-church. . . ......

MILLS. —In loving remembrance of outdear mother, Mary Mills, who passed avvajat Table Hill on September 1, 1917.

She is gone, but not forgotten,—i Never will her memory fade;

Fondest memories ever lingerRound the grave where the is laid.

—lnserted by her loving husband, sonadaughters, and grandchildren. \

MILLS. —In loving memory of our deai.mother and granny, who died at Tablel ,Hill on September 1, 1917.

With tender recollections, with many a silenttear,

We meet; but one is wanting—our loved oneis not here.. - . ,

There was a hand we did, not 6ee whichbeokoned her away,

There was a voice we did not hear bid herno longer stay.

—lnserted by her loving daughter and son,*in-law, A. E. and A. Stewart, and grand*children, Middle-march.

September 4, 1918. OTAGO WITNESS. 35

WITNESS SUBSCKIPTIOJfS.Wo beg to acknowledge the receipt of the

following to September 3. The date to whichsubscription is paid is inserted:

N. G., Wrey's Bush, to September 21, 19i8.J. D. W., Sefton, to December 19, 1918.A. A. D., Auckland, to September 3, 1918.A. N., Owaka, to February 20, 1919.J. T. W., Anderson's Bay, to November 3,

1918.j: W., Chaslands, to November 21, 1918.R. W.y Ahuriri Flat, to December 16, 1918.J. W., North Invercargill, to August 24,,

1919.R. O. T., Greenvale, to December 9, 1918:J. H., Canvastown, to August 14, 1919.F. W. V., Georgetown, to August 15, 1919.T. M., Mataura, to December 5, 1918.A. W., Rangatua, to May 3, 1919.W. 8., Waikaka, to April 24, 1919.P. A., Paerau, to May 25, 1919.J. H., Maungawera, to JNovember 1, 1919.A. M'W., Waikawa Valley, to June 24,

1919.A. C. I/., Evans Flat, to November 28, 1918.Miss J. F., Kaiapoi, to November 27, 1918.A. M'K., Otekura, to August 1, 1918.R.' M., Haunui, to August 15, 1919.J. W., Rangatira Valley, to July 22, 1919.J. C, Walter Peak, to August 30, 1919.

IMPORTANT.Subscribers referred to above _ar« recora-

wended to cnl this out and keep it for refer-ence.

When cheques ore remitted, 6d must bendded for ejechnnge. and money orders are tofc» made payable to ~

GEORGE FENWICK.Managing Director.

1851—OTACO WITNESS—I9IB.Term 3 of Subscription (Including Postage).

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GEORGE FENWICK,Managing Director.

For versatility Rakaia can hold its own(writes a correspondent). The one tradesman is a bootmaker, barber, tobacconist,and photographer, and besides selling schoolrequisites has launched out a moving pic-ture. If a butchering business could onlybo added as a side-line, he would earn thelasting gratitude of tho people of Rakaia.

IN MEMORIAM.MORTIMER.—In loving- memory of

James Mortimer, who died at Tuturatt,September 3, 1015; aged 27 years.

No one knows how much we miss him,—Friends may think the wound is healed;

But they little know tho sorrowDeep Within our hearts concealed.

• —lnserted by his father, mother, andbrother.

SINCLAIR.—In loving memory of Mar-garet Jamieson, who passed away onSleptembor 4, 1917, beloved wife of RobertSinclair.

Not lost, but gone before.by her loved ones.

STRANG. —In loving memory of CaptainRobert Strang, who died on September 2,1917.

Notifications of Births, Marriages, and Deathsappearing in the Witness also receive insertionin tho Daily Times without additional charge.

Announcements of Births, Marriages, and De»' *9lent lor publication from the country dlstriote ,c----quire to be verified by the signature of either our»gent in the district from whioh the announcementis Bent or of the clergyman of the district. Chargeior these, Ss per insertion. When verses areodded to "In Memoriam" notices, an additionaloharge of 2s 6d for eaoh verse of four line* lamade.

The Otago Witness.

(WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 4, 1918.)

THE WEEK.

WITH "WHICH IS ISTOOBPOBATED 3313SOTJTH3SH MBBOT7BI.

"Wunquora allud natura, allud lapleatla ttiilt--■-JUTSXIL.

"OooiJ nature ana good lent* mart •rer Join.'tan.

-"Thanks to the brilliant leadership ofMarshal Foch and theAllied generals, and thesplendid valour and enthu-siasm of all the Allied

troops, the German armies are now inretreat. I feel sure that this is the begin-ning of the end of the dominance of Ger-man militarism." In these words MrLloyd George replied to the congratula-tions of Signor Orlando, the Italian PrimeMinister, upon the British successes uponthe Western front. The dramatic changein the situation brought about by thebrilliant manner in which Marshal Fochhas turned the tables upon the enemy issummarised in a few sentences by theWashington correspondent of the NewYork Times: "Paris is no longerthreatened. Direct rail communication be:

tween Paris and Calais and between Parisand Nancy, has been re-established. TheAllies have wrested the initiative from theGermans, forcing the German High Com-mand to fight a defensive campaign andadmit the seriousness of . the situation."This -seriousness is already reflected in thenote of depression sounded by the Germanpapers. The terrible extent of Germany'slosses • is . now admitted, and the Augs-burger Post Zeitung goes' so far as tocounsel "peace with renunciation" as pre-ferable to the continuation of the war foranother year. It may be doubted, how-ever, whether this expression of opinionrepresents the military mind of Germany ;

and not until the people of Germany mani-fest a mind of their own as distinct fromthe mind of their military masters isthere any likelihood of an early peace. Itis such a consideration which has promptedPresident Wilson to avow that he"solemnly purposes a decisive victory atarms, and deliberately proposes to devotethe larger part of the nation's militarystrength to that end." In which con-nection the warning uttered by GeneralMaurice is entitled to consideration—rviz.,that the present offensive, great though itspromise is, lacks weight to carry us tocomplete victory." One of Mr PhilipGibbs's vivid' dispatches reveal the con-ditions under which the British troopshave maintained and sustained therapidity of the advance, continuallyharassing the retreating enemy and notgiving them time to save guns or muni-tions. "Throughout this week," writesthis correspondent, "the young Londonerswho in April last helped to break theGerman assaults at Arras by most exaltedcourage have again been fighting withhearts that have never failed, thoughsome of them have suffered from an agonyof sleeplessness, and lain in ditches underthe sweep of machine guns." In- anotherof his pregnant paragraphs Mr PhilipGibbs says: "Our men are marvellous—■Highlanders or Cockneys, Welsh or SouthCountry, Lancashire or Yorkshire. Duringthe last three weeks they have for everdestroyed all German hopes of victory.By the strength of their souls they havedone this, and by the risk of their bodiesand by the last limit of human pluck,fighting most of all against fatigue and aJlesire for sleep, more terrible this timethan the enemy ahead." It is such side-lights as these which show the tremendousstrain which the present offensive is plac-ing upon the British armies, and itprompts the question which, according toGeneral Maurice, is being anxiously-askedin France: ' 'Will they keep up theirdrafts?"

Germany inRetreat.

Tho brilliancy of the beginning of MarshalFoch's offensive is admitted

An Essential on every hand, and all willto Complete echo Mr Lloyd George's)

Victory. hope that it may prove toy>e "the beginning of the

end." Everything now depends upon theability of the Allies to keep the enemyon the move. If from sheer exhaustionon the part of the troops who for the pastthree weeks have been incessantly fight-ing, and in the absence of fresh troopsto put into the fighting line, the pursuitceases or slackens, the German High Com-mand will at once take advantage of thelull to establish themselves in theirstrongest defensivo positions, with theshortest possible battle front, and the warwill bo correspondingly prolonged. Thisis tho meaning of General Maurice'sinsistence upon the keeping up of the

strength of the British armies as anessential to complete and speedy victoryAmerica, is doing wonders, but alreadythe American troops are being brigadedinto a separate army, and are taking overfrom the French their own particular sec-tion of the battle front, which means thatthe help given to the British in their hourof need is now being withdrawn. GeneralMaurice declares that reliance on theannual contingent of 19-year-old youthsand the recovered sick and wounded willnot be sufficient to maintain the Britishforces at full strength, and that failure inthi3 important respect must mean the pro-longation .of the war. Ultimately, nodoubt, the Americans will provide theneeded accession of strength, but the pre'sent time is so favourable for takingadvantage of the demoralisation so appa-rent in the German armies that the oppor-tunity should be utilised to the utmost.To this end C4eneral Maurice points toIreland and to the overseas dominions, andespecially to Australia, a-s convenientrecruiting grounds. "While Ireland isout of the war," he ejaculates, "we arenot doing our best." And again: "IfAustralia could see at work her glorioustroops who saved Amiens in April, andwho are now, with reduced ranks, drivingthe enemy along the Somme, the Aus-tralian ranks would not long remain un-filled." These appeals have ah especialsignificance to this Dominion, for, so longas Ireland and Australia fail to realisethe full measure of their responsibility inregard to man-power, so long must NewZealand continue to carry more than herfair share of the Imperial burden. Forthe present, at least, General Maurice'splea for complete victory would seem tomake effective reply to those who arguethat this Dominion should now cry a haltin the matter of sending more men to thefront.

The novelty of the police strike in theHomeland, coming so

The Strike swiftly upon the strike ofSymptoms. the women transport wor-

kers, and taken togetherwith the threatened strike among the coalminers in this Dominion, suggests theurgent' need all over' the Empire ofCapital and Labour coming to a betterunderstanding than at present existsamong them. The . disease of discontentamong the workers, of which the con-tinually recurring strikes are but, a .symp-tom, is engaging the attention of leadersof thought and action, not only in GreatBritain, but in America. President Wil-son's Labour Day message sounds a truenote, since it appeals to Labour to helpto secure complete victory over Germanmilitarism as the essential prelude to pro-gress in other directions. "To fail towin," declares President Wilson, "wouldimperil everything that Labour has strivenfor and held dear since freedom first washad." President Wilson has made anappeal which deserves to provoke auniversal response not-, only throughoutAmerica, but all over the British Empire.Speaking of Labour Day, the Presidentsaid: ' 'Let us make this a- day of con-secration, in which we devote ourselveswithout pause or limit to setting ourcountry and the whole world free. Thenation is of a single mind in taking counselwith no special class, serving no privateor single interest. We realise, as we havenever realised that we are com-rades dependent on one another, irresist-ible when united, powerless when divided.So join hands and lead the world to a newand better day." President Wilson alsoemphasised the truth that this is as mucha workman's war as a soldier's war, im-plying—if not expressly stating—that theworkmen will claim proportionate rewardswith the soldier when victory comes andpeace is declared. Mr Lloyd George madea similar point when, referring to Labour'spart in the war, he said that "victorymeant more to those to get theirbread by the sweat of their brow than toany other class." And Mr Arthur Hen-derson at the Labour Conference atBirmingham uttered the same truth froma different aspect when he declared that"Labour desired a victory for its ideals,riot the smashing of Germany and a peacedictated at the sword's point." Theremay be discerned a reconciliation in theseseveral points of view,, and now that theappeal has been made to Labour, it mayhe hoped that Capital will exhibit thenecessary fraternal proclivities.

A misapprehension has apparently arisenin regard to the intention of the Otago Co-operative Fruit Company concerning thecharge for fruit cases. The company hasdecided not to charge for fruit cases thismonth, but on and after October 1 the reso-lution of a general meeting of the companyto make a charge for cases will come intoeffect.

A Press Association telegram from Grey-mouth states that in connection with theremarks by the Minister of Mines regardinga good new coal field at Point Elizabeth,seven miles from Grcymouth along the northbeach, an expert who is in touch with thefind says that the coal-hearing area willprove of great magnitude, comprising closeon 400 acres and containing first-class coaleasy of access. It is estimated that the pre-sent find will give 20 years' work. The out-crop was found along the bed of a creek,boring operations having revealed what isstated.

A cablegram was received from Sir J. G.Ward recently (says a Press Association mes-sage from Auckland) advising that the HomeTreasury had agreed to pay 75 per cent, onall meat after it had been three months instore. Tho Hon. Mr Myers has receiveda further cablegram from Sir J. G. Wardintimating that ho has arranged with theHome Treasury for advances of 75 per cent,against meat six weeks after its delivery instore instead of three months.

A Press Association telegram from Christ-church states that a deputation representingtho Canterbury Gi-and Lodge of Druidswaited on the Hon. J. A. Han an and pointedout that the lodge 'incurred heavy liabilitieson account of members on active servico

being kept good on the books, their contribu-tions ceasing while they were away. Thedeputation wished to ascertain whether theGovernment would assist the order in re-spect to members on active service. TheMinister said a deputation would later onwait on the Acting- Prime Minister and him-self in reference to payment of sick pay todischarged soldiers, and he possibly wouldapproach the Cabinet with a view to arrang-ing a conference to deal with the wholequestion of sick pay and liabilities of friendlysocieties.

At the quarterly sitting of the DunedinLicensing Committee on Monday morn-ing two applications for transfer ofpublicans' licenses wer>» considered.A transfer of the license of theGreen Island Hotel from. Michael Keanto Joseph Carter and a transfer of the licenseof the Empire Hotel from Daniel Galvinto Charles Henry Taylor were granted. Themembers of the committee present wereMessrs H. Y. Widdowson, S.M. (chairman),J. Rhodes, J. Carroll, W. King, and GeorgeRitchie. The Chairman said the police re-port showed that the conduct of the licensedhouses throughout the district had beensatisfactory.

The following nominations have been re-ceived from Otago for the council of theNew Zealand Educational Institute, the an-nual meeting of which will be held in Wel-lington in January:—Dunedin sub-branch:Messrs W. F. Abel (Albany Street), W.Eudcy (Forbury), R. R. Hunter (ArthurStreet), G. W. C. Macdonald (MacandrewRoad), Miss T. Morris (Wakari), Mr W.Phillipps "(Waikouaiti), Miss Ralston (Kai-Icorai), Messrs J. Rennie (Albany Street),and W. A. Service (Mornington). Waitakisub-branch: Messrs J. Ironside (OamaruNorth), W. Rodger (Maheno), and W. Rogers(Totara). Brucc-Clutha, sub-branch: Mr C.M'Kinnon (Waiwera). Otago Central: MrT. Begg (Arthur Street).

Operations at the Castle Hill (Kaitangata)coal mine were temporarily suspended onFriday morning through a breakdown tothe compressor engine which supplied powerfor the underground machinery. Thisengine was badly smashed, through, it isalleged, the shifting of the piston-rod, whichis screwed into position. A duplicate planthas been coupled up and work resumed atthe mine.

A party of miners is at present engagedin looking for a coal seam which is knownto exist ori the Dune-din City Corporationreserve at Kaitangata. The operations haveled the men into contact with one of thedrives from which coal was won in theearly days of coal-mining in the township,when the river in the locality of the oldtramway presented a busy scene on accountof the number of light-draught vessels whichtraded between the township and outsideports. In those early times vessels like theInvercargill, Kakanui, Margaret Reid, MaryRcid, and many others found the river to beeasily navigable; but during recent yearsthe amount of silting up which has been inprocess has made navigation impossible.

NEWS BY CABLE.A SHIPYARD RECORD.

Messrs Harland and Wolff made a world'srecord by the completion of a ship in fivedays after launching. The machinery wasput in on the twenty-second day.

UTILISING THE CINEMA.In an article in the "Weekly Dispatch

Mr Maseey advocates an increased uso ofthe kinema film as an education influence,and as the means of spreading knowledgebetween various parts of the Empire ofeach other's concerns, manufactures, andproducts. He intends to see that Britishfilms get every chance in New Zealand.

A WONDERFUL INVENTION.Dr Fo'urnier Dalber's optophone was suc-

cessfully used by a British scientific exhi-bition, enabling blind to read by sound.The instrument transmits sound accordingto the shape of letters.

USING THE LAND.The Board of Agriculture reports that

the arable area in England is now12,400,000 acres, an increase of 1,150,000compared with the area in 1917. This isa record for 20 years. The wheat acreageincreased by 638,000 acres, the area foroats by 23 per cent., and that for potatoesby 25 per cent.

Some agricultural exports predict thelargest British harvest for 50 years.

THE PACIFIC ISLANDS.The Australian section of the London

Chamber of Commerce unanimously re-solved that in view of Australasia's in-terest in the captured Pacific Islands, theyshould on no conditions again be permittedto become German possessions.

AERIAL POSTAL SERVICE.The Spanish Cabinet is considering a

project for an aerial postal and passengerservice between Spain and the UnitedStates. A large shipping company :sprepared to finance the project, which pro-vides for the manufacture of airships capableof carrying 40 passengers, making thejom-ney. in two days and a-half. The pas-sengers will be charged 400 dollars per trip.

MR PAGE RETIRES.Mr Page, the American Ambassador to

Britain, has resigned owing to illness.The Now York newspapers, express re-

gret at Mr Page's retirement from theLondon Embassy.

The New York Times says that he hasworthily represented America, and filled aposition of great responsibility with re-markable success. America and Britainare bound together now as never before.

The New York Herald considers thatMr Pago fulfilled a delicate and oneroustask with sound judgment. His successormust be capable of filling this importantdiplomatic post.

GENERAL.The Imperial Government will resign in

September.The Government has withdrawn all ships

from the port of Cork, finding it impossibleto settle the dockers' strike.

Belize, the chief town in British Hon-duras, has been partly destroyed by five.The Governor (Mr Win Hart Bennett) wasinjured.

Nov* Zcalanders swept the board at theAthletic sports at Woking on Saturday.Corporal D. Mason won the Half-mile Race(from scratch) in lmin 58 2-ssec; J. Lindsaywon the 100 Yards; and a New Zealandteam won the Relay Race.

AUSTRALIAN NEWS.

Mr Watt, Acting Prime Minister, an-nounced that the contract for the sale ofAustralia's copper output to Britain hadbeen renewed for six months.

It is unofficially stated that the FederalBudget provides for an increase of 20 percent, to the income tax.

A statement has been made by the NowSouth Wales Premier (Mr Holman) thatfor the past year, all the State enterprisesshow a good margin of profit, exceptingthe State trawlers, which had a loss of£5498, principally due to the Common-wealth Government commandeering thevessels for a period:

In the New South Wales LegislativeAssembly Mr Holman, Premier, in intro-ducing the Sedition Bill, said the measurewould operate for the duration of the warand fornix months after. After a stormydebate the Bill was read a first time.

Mr Watt (Acting Prime Minister) con-ferred with the Wheat Board, and urgedthe necessity for the disposal of the sur-plus wheat, even at a lower price thanthe farmers considered reasonable. Thepresent overdraft on wheat was £14.000.000.and attempts to sell two years' surplus hadbeen unsuccessful. -.

The indications are that large develop-ment of Australian industries will takeplace after the war. Amongst the manyproposals which have been submitted forthe approval of the Commonwealth Govern-ment are schemes for the manufacture ofsteel, paint, yarn. zinc, and white lead, andfor wool scourincr. these involving a capitalof over £2.500,000.

Further documents produced before thecommission inquiry into the internment ofmembers of the Trish Republican Brother-hood included a letter from Doran to hissister in Ireland tinted from the UnitedState?. November 9.9, 1916. in which heinquires: "What is the spirit of the countrv?Can it renlly deliver a death-blow to tiretyrant when the coming opportunitypresents itself? Oh. for a thousand TJ boats!All else is nvov'dcd. Patience, the hGurwill strike. The inquiry has closed.

THE CENTRAL POWERS.UNEASINESS SPREADING.

EMPERORS TO CONQUER ORPERISH.

(By Cable).The German press is admitting the pos-

sibility of the army retiring to the Rhine.

GERMAN PRESS OPINION.The Kolnische Zeitung, practically a

semi-official organ, referring to the greatbattle, implores the German people notto despair, adding: "It is no longer aquestion of Belgium and Alsace-Lorraine;we are fighting for Germany's life. Letus act like men."

Vorwarts, referring to the German re-verse, says : "The German people are notbeaten;. what are beaten are the omni-potence of the mailed fist and the jingoesof world dominion."

Uneasiness is spreading in - Germany,even in Government circles.

The Augsburger Post Zeitung states:" Germany's losses are much more seriousthan England's and the latter can relyon colonial forces. Peace with renuncia-tion -would be preferable to continuationof the war for a single year. It is evidentthat Germany must make concessions ifshe wants the war finished before thewhole of European culture is annihilated."

Captain von Hielweter, writing in theBerlin Lokal Anzeiger, states.- "We havemuch under-estimated the enemy's deter-mination. We never thought that Englandand her Allies, after 18 months' submarinewar, would be so little disposed for peace.We believed they could not stick it solong." .

The Evening Standard publishes a seriesof German telegrams .of a pessimistic andconciliatory nature, showing that Germanyis beginning to realise that she under-estimated the Allies' determination. Aleading factor is the growing fear that hercolonies will never be returned,, and evenCaptain Persius shares this opinion.

PAN-GERMAN CHANGE.The Frankfurter Zeitung draws atten-

tion to the change in the Pan-Germans,who are no longed raging, but are silentlyconsidering the situation in Germany. Thepaper sees hope of Dr Solf leading a peaceparty, and adds that it hopes that Ger-many's ill-fortunes habe removed thescales from the eyes of the annexationists.The great mass of Germans have long beenconvinced that any peace must be a com-promise of conciliations.

EMPERORS WILL CONQUER ORPERISH.

It is reported from Vienna that theCentral Powers, at the recent conferenceat German Headquarters, agreed thatpeace overtures "would be of no use unlessaccompanied by an admission of defeat.The Kaiser and. the Emperor Charles de-cided not to concede anything, but toconquer or perish together.

GERMAN COLONIES.The North German Gazette says : "Lord

Robert Cecil considers Dr Solf's speechas progress towards peace, but the peaceprogramme developed by Lord Cecil■would result in depriving Germany ofher colonies, preparing her for completedefeat. Lord Cecil is mistaken in sup-posing that Dr Solf's progress lies inthat 'direction. We shall never toleratethe curtailment of our world politicalrights."

STRIKES AND MUTINY.Two hundred thousand workers have

struck in Westphalia, and 3000 of themhave "been sent to the front.

Thirty thousand men at Krupp's re-volted, and were sent to the front.

Six hundred Lifeguards at Munich re-fused to proceed to the front, and lockedthemselves in their barracks, but eventu-ally they surrendered.

Two German regiments in Russia, re-fused to proceed to the western front,and 130 were shot.

HARVEST PROSPECTS.The New "rSfcrk Times Washington cor-

respondent interviewed Mr Hoover, whosaid : "The Germans will have less grainfrom the 1918 harvest than from that of1917."

Extreme drought in Rumania, extendingto Bulgaria and the Ukraine, has affectedthe grain yield. Rumania now needsgrain, and Bulgaria will not be exportingany of the 1918 crop. -

German agricultural papers are greatlyconcerned at the alarming increase ofwheat disease. The crop is useless insome districts. Rye crops in the northern!and eastern districts are suffering badlyfrom wet, and the millers refuse to acceptit.

THE KAISERIN.The Kaiserin's condition is worse, heart

weakness having increased. Bulletins arenot being published, for fear of alarmingthe public.

GERMANY AND SPAIN.Germany ha.s accepted the Spanish de-

mands in respect to submarine sinking.Germany states that she is willing to pro-vide German tonnage in Spanish ports toreplace the Spanish tonnage submarinedby the U boats.

VARIOUS ITEMS.The Kaiser has bestowed I'ie order of

the Black Eagle, which is the highestGerman distinction, on General vonBoehm, commander of the Seventh Army,in commemmoration of his successes on thewest front.

The German press is appealing for manymore women to engage in military "workand release men for the front. It appearsthat hitherto fewer than 15,500 womenhave recruited.

Dr Custom, of the University cfGeneva. Switzei'land, writing in the NewYork Medical Journal, savs that the Ger-man birth rate has fallen off 40 percent., and the infantile death rate is 50per cent, higher than in England.

It is rumoured in Berlin that Count vonHertlins is retiring from the ImperialChancellorship in favour of Dr Solf, theColonial Secretary.

The sheik of the Senussi tribe" and hissuite made'a voyage from Tripoli to Polain a German submarine.. They visitedVienna, and are now proceeding to Con-stantinople. .

_

. 'Advices received at Washington report

that a company of Czecho-Slovaks aboardan Austrian warship at Cattaro Harbourrevolted. Many were arrested.

OVERSEA PRESSDELEGATES.

A CONFERENCE AND LUNCHEON.

(By Cable.)The New 'Zealand journalists inspected

the Dominion Offices at the Strand. SirT. Mackenzie entertained them.

Lord Burnham presided at the EmpirePress Union Conference with the Aus-tralian, New Zealand,, and South AfricanMissions. It was unanimously resolvedthat the union use its influence to securebetter, quicker, and cheaper facilities forthe dissemination of news throughout theEmpire, and that such co-operation as theGovernment may give should be limited toassisting in the provision of such facilities.

Lord Burnham, Sir W. Sowden, andother speakers insisted that if an Imperialnews service were arranged newspapersmust be left to make their own arrange-ments for obtaining news. The dominionswould not stand Government-controllednews service.

The conference also resolved that theunion use its influence to induce the news-papers of the United Kingdom to givemore attention to news from the dominionsin the interests of the Empire.

Presiding at a subsequent luncheon, atwhich 200 (including Sir Thomas Macken-zie, the Agents-general, and representa-tives of all the Australian and New Zea-land interests), Lord Burnham proppsedthe toast of " The . Visitors." He "'saidthat the Home press was full of respectand admiration for the dominions' press,which inspired the dominions. The futurelay with democracy, which must be edu-cated, and must choose ite leaders welland its policy wisely.: In order to do thisthey must have the test possible service ofthe world's news. Therefore newspapersmust not be crippled by any restrictionson cabled news, and should be allowed thegreatest possible freedom in cabling.

Mr J. 0. Fairfax (Sydney MorningHerald) said he recognised the necessityfor some war-time censorship, but not somuch as they had been getting. The .de-legation's visit had been very helpful, en-abling dominion journalists to see face toface what was going on near the seat ofwar.

Mr Earle (the Dominion, Wellington)also replied. He said the press of GreatBritain owed a duty to the public in thematter of educating it regarding conditionsat different parts of the Empire. Unlessthe press took a lead in that directionthere were possibilities of misunderstand-ing future troubles. He was gratified thatthe trip Home had revealed to delegateswhat previously they had been unableto appreciate—the marvellous spirit whichenabled Britain to carry on the war.

36 OTAGO WITNESS. September 4, 1918

IRISH BROTHERHOOD

AN AUSTRALIAN SENSATION.

CASE OF SEVEN INTERNED MEN.

(By Cable.)At the inquiry into the continued deten-

tion of the interned Irish arrested on acharge of conspiracy, the judge refusedto issue a writ of habeas corpus for therelease of the prisoners. The.'taking ofevidence has commenced.

The hearing of the cases of the internedIrishmen i 3 proceeding, the evidence sofar chiefly relating to documents seized atthe residence of some of the internees, re-garding the formation and progress of theIrish National Association in Australia,/the spreading of propaganda, and the col-lection and transmission of funds. Amongstother documents were a quantity of cor-respondence with America, and instruc-tions how to read certain letters writtenin invisible ink. Some letters indicatedmovements to secure freedom for Irelandfrom Eno-land. One document, labelled"Recipe lor severe attack cold," was de-clared by the police to be identical witha formula the I.W.W. men had for the.purpose of destroying property in Sydney.

A letter was read to-day, stating- thatevery man iir Ireland was drilled and wellarmed, and another revolution was ex-pected at the first favourable opportunity.

SOME DETAILS OF THE CON-SPIRACY.

(Fhom Our Own Cohrespondent.)SYDNEY,. August 8.

The inquiry regarding the seven men whowere recently interned, by the Common-wealth Government was commenced yester-day. The names of the men are:

Albert Thomas Dryer.Edmund M'Sweeney.Michael M'Ging.William M'Guinness.Maurice Dalton.Prank M'Keown.Thomas Fitzgerald.

Mr Ralston, K.0., for the Crown, said heproposed to make a full statement of thecase which induced the Minister to taKeaction. The seven men were arrested onJune 17, four of them—Dryer, M'Ging,M'Sweeney, and M'Guinness—being in Syd-ney, where they had lived and worked priorto arrest. Dalton and M'Keown were ar-rested in Melbourne, and Fitzgerald, whowas a bookseller in Brisbane. After thearrest the Acting Prime Minister made astatement setting out that they belonged toa secret society known as the Irish RepublicanBrotherhood. The Commonwealth Govern-ment came to investigate the matter andtake action in the beginning of 1917. It•was ascertained that in 1915 and 1916 anIrishman named John Doran had been inthe commonwealth forming branches of theBrotherhood. A branch had been startedin Melbourne, and two others started inSydney. Fitzgerald then started one inBrisbane under the auspices of the otherbranches. Doran left tor America in Sep-tember, 1916. The investigation showedsuch a state of affairs that search warrants

* were issued, and on March 25 this yearthe residences of these seven men wereeaarched, and documents taken possessionof. A further search was made of other,pre-mises on May 23. and the result of evi-dence obtained was a complete case thatthese persons, together with John Doran,had been for three years engaged in con-spiracy of a highly treasonable nature,dangerous to Australia, Britain, and the,Allies. The < evidence was such as wouldfully justify them being placed on trialfor treason.

While John Doran was in Australia itwas found that he was in communicationwith a certain John Dovoy, a leadingmember in America of the Clan-na-Gael.This man Devoy was communicating witha man named John Dalton, in Ireland,with the object of extending tho activitiesof the Irish Republican Brotherhood toAustralia.LETTER TO ARCHBISHOP MANNIX.Dalton in a letter described the part -he

had taken in Irish disturbances in 1865 and1867. Dalton in another letter wrote toArchbishop Mannix congratulating him onan address he had delivered. Belowhis name Dalton signed himself "an oldcampaigner of 1865 and 1867." The Crownwas in a position to show relations betweenJohn Devoy and tho seven men, and be-tween DeYpv and the leaders of the Irishrising in 1916. In 1915 the Irish NationalAssociation of New South Wales wasformed. The objects were on the face ofthem innocent, the first being to assistIreland to achieve her national destiny, toextend her sovereignty, and to extendlrishnational ideals. At the end of the bookletcontaining the constitution though therewas this: "There are no greater nationalistsin the world than thoso of Germany." Thissociety seemed to be a sort of cloak orrecruiting ground to test people to see ifthey would make reliable members of theother secret society, the Brotherhood.

A report of the proceedings of thisassociation was read. In tho fifth para-graph it was set out that the real objectsfor which the association was instituted hadby no means been obscured. One of themost instructive lectures made before theassociation, tho report stated, was onedelivered by a member, in the course ofwhich the two objects of the associationwere stated to be "to strike for Irishnationality, for the emancipation of Ire-land." Lectures on these subjects weredelivered, the first dealing with the "reasonswhich compel us to exert ourselves in thegrand cause.', 1 The second lecture dealtwith the Fenian movement.

THE IRISH VOLUNTEER ARMY.Mr Ralston read a letter from Dalton re-lating to the ''sale of goods," and the pro-

bable necessity of appointing direct agents.A letter was found written in Gaelic,

which, when interpreted, was found to be asfollows:—"Hold this over a lamp, andthere will be other things for you on theother side."

Mr Ralston said the letter was held overa lamp, and Was then dealt with by achemical, which made the writing perma-nent. This writing, done in invisible inlc,was a list of names, beginning: No. 1,Albert Thomas Dryer; No. 2„ J. E. P.O'Dwyer; and giving a number of namesand addresses of persons, three of whomwere described at the foot of tbn letter asold members of Irish service. The'o3 threenames were given as Dermis,and Brennan.

OATH OF BROTHERHOOD.The declaration for members of the

Brotherhood was set out as follows: —

" I believe in Ireland's unquestionablerights to sovereign independence, andv

sol-emnly declare that I will bo true to" theIrish Renublician Brotherhood, .and will for-ward those principles militarily and civillyeven to the last sacrifice, as directed by theofficerr- "

The Clan-na-Gael constitution set outamong its objects:—" The complete inde-pendence of Ireland, and the establishmentof an Irish Republic. Neither this organisa-tion nor its members shall give any sup-port to any movement having for its ob-ject the settlement of the Irish Nationalquestion except on the basis of completenational independence.

"To secure complete national inde-pendence in the republican form of govern-ment,

, ~ ...

"The only policy which it believes willattain that end is physical force."

It was also set out that the only personseligible for membership were those over18 years of -age and of Irish descent, andthey must "*not be antagonistic to theV. O."

Mr Ralston said there was some doubt asto what the V.C. was, but it was believedto stand for "Volunteer Committee,

which controlled both the Brotherhood andthe Clan-na-Gael.

Mr Ralston read other letters and docu-ments dealing With a revolution in America,military organisation, money for I.W.vv.defence, a denunciation of Archbishop Kelly,the I.W.W. formula, post-cards in Gaelic(translated), a circular which stated thatevery man who donned khaki was a scabon his mates, and when the chance comeshe must be shot.

I.W.W. COMMISSION.

THE EVIDENCE OB' SCULLY

(By Cable.)The I.W.W. Commission is creating

tense interest. Crowds flocked to hear theevidence of Scully, who appeared. He de-nied any arrangement with the Crown toleave the country. .He went, he said, be-caused he desired to make a fresh startelsewhere. In the final settlement he re-ceived £375 10s, including salary. Witness

■ identified the statement given to Mr Judd,containing a digest of the case from hispoint of view, which he then believed tobe true, honest comment. He swore atthe trial that he believed several of theaccused were innocent, whereas he ex-pressed the opinion that others wereguilty. He denied stating that a greatdeal of the evidence had been " framed

,up " by the detectives, or that if a RoyalCommission were appointed he would giveevidence, believing that a miscarriage of

: justice had occurred.Scully's lengthy statement reviewing the

I.W.W. case, as given by Judd, has beenpublished. It alleges that Malliser,. oneof the material witnesses, told him thatcertain, detectives had sworn lies and fakedtheir evidence. Scully (an important wit-ness for the Crown) and Mallister issuedwrits against the\Government, with theidea of reopening the case, but a fewweeks after the writs were issued Mal-lister died suddenly. Scully's statementalso traverses his conversations with othersconnected with the trial, who alleged thatthe police evidence had been rigged.

Scully, further cross-examined on hiswritten statement to Judd, denied or quali-fied nearly every vital detail reflectingagainst the detectives, on the ground thatliterary inability led him to express him-self in wrong terms.

Scully, under cross-examination, said hisevidence, given in court when the I.W.W.men were on .trial, was absolutely true.As regards the statement afterwards givento Judd, and the notes thereon concern-ing detectives and other evidence, he saidthat some of these were suggestions onlyfor Judd to follow up, and secure evi-dence upon. They were not statements.

The sensational feature of Scully's fur-ther evidence was his statement that hehad difficulty in inducing Goldstein, oneof the witnesses in the I.W.W. case, togive Judd a statement, Goldstein fearingthat when the police knew he had signeda statement against them he might bedone away with. Scully, explaining hisreferences to McAllister's mysterious death,said he was of the opinion that M'AUisterdid not die a natural death, but that oneside or the other had got him. Scullysaw M'AUister perfectly well the daybefore he died. Witness, had an appoint-ment with M'AUister at Scully's solicitorsthe next day, which M'AUister did notkeep. Instead of meeting him, Scullyheard that M'AUister had been found un-conscious in a back yard. The next day helearned that M'AUister had died of pneu-monia. -

. .

Goldstein, who was examined, admittedmaking untrue statements, impugning thepolice, in order to imperil the Govern-ment, and get even with the police forhaving ruined him. Goldstein said that uptill Saturday last he was prepared to givefalse evidence, but h© had seen the police,and, now would tell the truth. He addedthat; he knew the police were innocent,but he had agreed to manufacture a caseagainst them.

Throughout to-day's evidence before theI.W.W. Commission, Goldstein maintainedthe falsity of the accusations against thepolice.

The I.W.W. inquiry was postponed tillThursday, owing to the illness of MrJustice Street.

The I.W.W. Commission resumed on, the29th ult. The sitting was mainly occu-pied by the cross examination of Goldstein,respecting the fire dope (chemical prepara-tion for causing fires) and his connectionwith the I.W.W. case.

The latest development in the I.W.W.Commission proceedings is that Goldstein'stwo contradictory declarations have beenpublished. The first accused the policeof accepting bribes of money and suits ofclothes from Goldstein in connection witha forged note case, in which Goldstein wasarrested and discharged. He alleges thatthe police placed the "fire dope ,r in thepocket of one of the I.W.W. accused. The

second statement withdraws all thecharges, and admits that the allegationsare untrue. They were made because ofthe persecution and ostracism sufferedthrough acting as a Crown witness.

THE "BOLSHEVIST" AGITATION.. (From Oub Own Ookbespondknt.,

SYDNEY, August 17.Some 18 months ago 12 members of the

I.W.W. were charged with causing greatfires in the city, and after a most ex-haustive trial they were all convicted andsentenced to long" terms of imprisonment.From that moment the I.W.W. organisa-tion here kept up a constant agitation forthe release of the men. They had thewhole case reviewed by the Appeal Court,with the only result that one or two ofthe sentences'were slightly reduced. Theyhave employed all their insidious methodsof propaganda, and, one by one, the moreextreme unions Qiave joined in the howlof the "liberation of the I.W.W. mar-tyrs." Finally, the Labour Party in theNew South Wales Parliament, who areso fantastic and irresponsible in theirschemes that they are generally known as"the Bolshevists," supported the move-ment. These Labour members suddenlyannounced that Scully, one of the .mostimportant witnesses for the prosecution—-he was the chemist who supplied the "firedope"—had confessed that his evidencewas a "frame-up." There was-a, hurriedsearch for Scully, only to find that, afortnight before, he had been shipped outof the country by the police. At first,the case looked black against the police;but the latter explained that thetrial Scully had been persecuted by theI.W.W. with such implacable bitternessthat he had been afforded a chance otleaving the country,- Avhich he had grate-fully accepted. Steps were immediatelytaken to bring him back, and when hearrived at San Francisco he was placedon the next steamer for Sydney. It isstated that, when he learned-the circum-stances, he came willingly.

August 21.The most intense public interest is- being

shown at present, in the official inquiryinto the conduct of the police in connectionwith the conviction of the I.W.W. firebugsabout 18 months t\go. The court room- is

crowded to suffocation; hundreds of peoplscannot gain admission, and hundreds ofothers loiter about outside in the hope ofcatching glimpses of the principals as theycome and go. The public is inclined toregard the inquiry as a test between theGovernment and the ' disorderly forcesbehind the I.W.W.The newspapers are giving pages to thaaffair, and the whole State seems to boreading the evidence, trying to discoverwhether the police will come out unscathedor whether the allegation of a "frame-up'—faked evidence to bring about a convic-tion—will be iustified. If it is, the wholetrial of the "firebugs" will have to be re-opened. The. inquiry turns on the evidenceof Scully, who is at this moment in thewitness box. Scully is the Crown witnesswho was sent out of the country by thepolice to escape I.W.W. persecution, andwas then brought back from San Franciscobecause the I.W.W. agitators said that h?had confessed that his evidence at the trialwas neither accurate nor complete. _ Hesays that he returned willingly; but it ap-peals that, as a result of a cablegram fromthe U S.A. Consul iere, the immigrationauthorities would have made ■ objection tohis landing in America. For some reasonthat is not yet clear a U.S.A. immigrationofficial came to Sydney with him.

SUPREME COURTCHARGE OF MANSLAUGHTER.

JURY FAILS TO AGREE.NEW PLYMOUTH August 20.

In the Supreme Court, before the ChiefJustice, James Patrick Joseph O'Domiell,farmer, of Inaha, was charged with the man-slaughter of Thomas Henry Morgan, 73years of age'. Sir John Findlay, with himMr P. O'Dea (Hawera) defended.

The evidence showed that on the nightof the accident the deceased went with agrandson to milk some oows in a paddockalong the South road from Hawera, to-wards Manaia. When coming back, about5.40, the grandson and Morgan kept on theleft hand side of the road off a tarredportion. The grandson went ahead witha bicycle, Morgan coming behind with acan of milk in a small go-cart. A motorcar, driven by the accused, approached fromthe direction of Hawera, zigzagging aboutthe road and' travelling about 20 miles anhour. The boy heard a crash, and onturning round saw that his grandfather hadbeen knocked down. The motor car didnot stop. The medical evidence showedthat there had been a serious smash-up.The deceased died before he reached homo.

The defence alleged that the deceased hadbeen on the wrong side of the road andthat he was crossing to the right side whenthe car struck him.

The accused, in evidence, said he had hadseveral drinks during the day, but was per-fectly sober. From the angle at which thedeceased was crossing the road he musthave been crossing from the wrong side tothe right side. Witness made no attemptto stop, but be tried to avoid the deceasedby swerving. He thought the mudguardbrushed the man aside. Ho looked roundand saw nohing, so ho went on. Whenhe saw in tho paper next morning thatthe man had been killed he voluntarily gavehimself up. ,

Evidence was given that tho deceasedwas a very difficult man to pass on theroad After a retirement of four hoursand 10 minutes the jury failed to agree,and a new trial was set down for the De-cember sessions.

Charges of cattle stealing against AlbertChas. Ogilvie were adjourned till the De-cember session.

AUCKLAND, August 21.In tho Supremo Court, the jury returned

a verdict of guilty against Thomas ArthurKemp, -who' was charged with tho theft ofgrass seed, valued at £324 lis, tho pro-perty of his employers, the Farmers' UnionTrading Company. Sentence was deferred.

NEW PLYMOUTH, August 20.In the Supreme Court to-day Robert Per-

rett. farmer, was found guilty, under thoMilitary Service Act, of assisting his sonto evado military service. He was fined£SO, in default 6ix months' imprisonment.

August 21.In the Supremo Court, before tho Chief

Justice, George Fitzgerald, aged 22 years,a member of the 44th Reinforcements, wasfound guilty of <iss.iuit.ing Constable Willcttsat Hawera, so as to cause actual bodilyharm. On a charge of using indecentlanguage, the jury disagreed. The jury re-commended leniency, as the accused wasserving his country. Harry Ernest Wil-liams, an Australian native, was convictedon seven counts of carnally knowing a girlunder 16 years of age at To Kuiti andHawera. The judge said the accused was aconfirmed criminal, having been convictedfive times for theft, once for bigamy, andtwice for smaller offences. Sentence in bothcases w;is deferred till Friday morning.

August 23.In the Supreme Court to-day, Norman

Henry Ward, for indecent assault on littlegirls, was sentenced to four years' reforma-tive treatment at Invercargill. GeorgeFitzgerald, for assaulting a constable, wasordered to come up for sentence if calledupon. The accused is a member of the44th Reinforcements. Harry Ernest Wil-liams, a Norfolk Islander, for an offenceagainst a young girl, received four years'hard labour on each of three charges, thesentences to be concurrent. He was sen-tenced to an additional year on a furthercount, and was also declared: an habitualcriminal.

In the case of West v. Marsh, in whichthe question of the legality of a transfer ofNative- land after partition and prior to theregistration of the title was raised, theChief Justice gave judgment to the effectthat the transfer was legal.

Judgment was given in an appeal by theEltham Dairy Company against the decisionof Mr Haselden, S.M. E. G. Barr, asupplier of milk to the company, claimed£44, balance for-milk supplied. As he wasnot a shareholder, . the company made adeduction of £ll in respect of share capitalrepresented by the supply, and also with-held the amount claimed on the ground thatit was commission for handling and market-ing the supplies. Barr was agreeable toa deduction of £ll, but not the commission.The magistrate allowed the claim, and theChief Justice dismissed the appeal.

In the matter of the will of David Whit--mg, of Hawera, the court refused to setthe will aside on the ground that thetestator was not mentally capable when itwas made.

August 22.In the Supreme Court, before the Chief

Justice, .an appeal by the New PlymouthBorough Council against the decision ofMr Crooke, S.M., who held that a by-lawrequiring lights on vehicles between sunsetand sunrise was repugnant to the Lightson Vehicles Act. which allowed half anhour's grace for lighting up, and who alsoheld that the by-law wus unreasonable, washeard. As the matter is important to thowhole dominion his Honor intimated thathe would give a written judgment.

The Eltham Dairy Company appealedagainst a decision by Mr Haselden,. S.M.,in allowing a claim by E. G. Barr, whosought to recover the balance of the amountreceived by the company in payment forthe product of claimant's milk supply. Ban-failed to take up shares when he became asupplier, and" the company deducted anamount for share capital on the basis ofhis supply, and also an additional £44commission as agents. Decision wasreserved.

Henry Curry Barratt petitioned for adivorce from Fanny August Barratt. andAndrew John Harland petitioned for adivorce from Amy Harland, William V. 11.Robinson (Timaru) being joined as co-respondent. A decree nisi was granted ineach case.

A claim was heard respecting a transfer ofnative lands. The point raised was whether atransfer signed prior to the expiration of 60days, for which time the title required tobe at the registry office, and during whichthe owners had the right to vest the titlein the Public Trustee, was valid. Decisionwas reserved.

NAPIER, August 271In the Supreme Court. Francis Norton

Thompson (solicitor, Hastings) was chargedwith the theft of trust moneys totalling£I7SO from a client named Gotfried Petrow-ski. Tho jury disagreed, and a new trialwas ordered. Henry Marton, a farm mana-ger, was charged, with the theft of fivecattle from the bankrupt estate of F. Cassin.Tte accused claimed an interest in these,and ho was found not guilty. Stanley Alex-ander Lawless was found not guilty on acharge of indecent assault.

INVERCARGILL. August 27.In the Supreme Court, Frank Hughes,

who was charged with entering, and theft,and who had a bad record, was declared anhabitual criminal. Harry Cooper Douglaspleaded "Guilty" to two charges of re-ceiving stolen goods, and was sentencedto two years' imprisonment on eachcharge, tho sentences to be cumulative.Rang-i Otene Rapika was convicted on acharge of obtaining money by false pre-tences, and was ordered to come up forsentence when called upon. Arthur H. F.Fenn, who had forged a cheque for £7O, anduttered it. was sentenced to reformativedetention for a period not exceeding fiveyears.

NEWS IN BRIEF.The last hospital ship to leave New Zea-

land has reached its destination.A number of inspectors of totahsators

are to be appointed.Tho Hon. Mr Hannn informed a deputa-

tion at Invercargill that he has submittedto the Cabinet the necessity for a sub-stantial addition to the educational vote tomeet the requirements of primary, technical,and high schools in the matter of increasedaccommodation.

According to the Auckland Star over 1000persons were engaged searching for a three-year-old "-irl missing from her home at New-ton from Friday till* Monday, while thegirl was safe in the house of a womanwho appeared to lack a full sense of re-sponsibility. '

-

Tho Katipo. the official organ of the Postand Telegraph Officers' Association, quoteda case in which an officer received anIrishman's rise. As a result of earning andreceiving promotion he found he Was £2Oper year worse off than before, and onmaking representations to the Commis-sioners ho was told in effect that he hadbetter leave things alone else worse wouldbefall him.

.

At the sixth annual meeting of the Do-minion Council of the New ZealandFederation, held in Wellington, Mr D. L.Popplcwell presiding, it was resolved to en-dorse the protest of the Catholic Confedera-tion of England and Wales against the pro-posed exclusion of the Pope from the con-templated League of Nations to be estab-lished after tho war. and insisting that theholy father should be represented at allfuture international congresses. '

The annual meeting of tho Lawrence Pres-byterian Church was hold on August 28, atwhich" the Rev. P. 0. Durward presided.-A motion was passed that a letter of sym-pathy be forwarded to Mr John Edie andfamily in connection with the bereavement 'suffered through tho loss of his father*The various reports and balance sheets were'approved. The Rev. Mr Trotter, of Morn-:ington, who was present, gave an address/A musical programme, votes of thanks,and refreshments terminated the evening.

At the Educational Conference, Mr li. D.Broadhcad (Professorial Board) presented apaper on the position and teaching of clas-sical languages in .secondary schools. Aftera long discussion a committee was set up,consisting of the principals of secondary,schools in which Latin is taught, to con-sider the question.

At a meeting of tho Shipwreck ReliefSociety Captain Fleming, Auckland, thesociety's representative, reported the ex- .penditure of £321 in connection with the;relief for the sufferers of tjjo Wimmerav-The expenditure of a further sum of £lOin connection with the crew of the barqueInverness was approved.

At the monthly meeting of the WesternTaieri Drainage Board it was decided toask the engineer to report on ,tho break intho contour channel, the foreman to adopttemporary measures if necessary to preventthe bank from suffering further injury. MrJohn Marshall, Wopdeide. was informedthat the board did not undertake the clean-ing of pipe drains. Arrangements were -made with Mr Wm. .Bryant to sow grasson the sides of the embankment at Otokiaand erect fencing to protect the new forma-tion.

At a sitting of the ConciliationCouncil fco_hear tho application of the felt hat makers-.of Dunedin for an increase of wages to 2aper hour, the employers notified that they,felt justified in challenging the procedure.in connection with the dispute. The Arbi-tration Court would have "to decide thatitho union was a bone fide one, and eii- .

titled to an award.. The emplo3'crs' repre-sentative (Mr Cookson) refused to divulgelegal points he intended to raise, and thedispute was referred to tho ArbitrationCourt without recommendation.

A case in the Dunedin City Police Court,in which Bonnet and Son, cordial maim- •

facturers, were charged with making afalse entry in the wages book, may be ofinterest to:other employers of labour. The ••trouble arose through a youth being a.p- -pointed to take the place of a driver who ••

had left, at the wages of a fully-paiddriver—namely, £2 12s. It turned out, .

however, that although he had signed thewages book for £2 18s one week, the youthhad onlv received £2 ss, defendant ad- •

mitting that he had handed £2 18s to tholad, who had then refunded 13s. The re-sult was a fine of £25, with court costaamounting to 7s.

As there seems to be a, certain feeling ■of resentment abroad amongst purchasersof drafts on the "Bank of Patriotism" on .

seeing so many unallotted prizes being ad- |yertised for sale by auction, a little ex- -

planation may be as well. The fact is thatthe Citizens' Committee arranged for the ■.sale of £250,000 tickets, and by a system!;of ballotting the prizes were awarded to, •certain numbers before the sale of th«drafts commenced. Unfortunately all the-tickets were not sold, and the prizes whicK,are to be put np for auction belong to -tickets which have not found purchasers} .hence their disposal in this manner.

Since a prophet seldom has honour in hia iown country it is probably news to most •people/ that Dunedin has produced a musi-cian who, according to the famous Savo- ■noff, is going to be one of the greatest of.'British composers. So says Mr Page, the;

gentleman from Wellington who is judging =the" vocal and instrumental music at the>-Dunedin competitions. He referred to M*Arthur Alexander, once a well-known comApetitor at these Competitions. As is thai'case with many British composers, , M^ :Alexander's works are much shatter knowrtvon tho Continent than in England. _ MftPage has heard much of the musical abilityin Dunedin, and seems much interested atthe prospect of proving whether it is a 4 .

great as he had been led to believe.The Hon. J. A. Hanan. Minister of Edutf

catioii, in an address to the members of th« >

School Committees' Association, said that.>as a. result of experience, he believed thera iwas neocl for a measure of central controland supervision. He was anxious to sea:-,continued education brought about, and havapproved of compulsion beyond the age or14 years. He do'nied that the present sys-jtern of education was Godless; thewere taught to be truthful,and upright; to have a sense of responsi-'bility, and to be self-reliant. It was onaof the finest spectacles under God's sun ttfsee boys of different creeds playing on tifa-same playground, forming friendships, and:building up unity of spirit, and a comß,radeship that were necessary in a demo*cracy. '

At tho opening of the Burt Hail, a sub-stantial addition to the Technical ) College, -

Dunedin. last Friday afternoon, the Hon.J. A. Hanan referred to the strikingchanges that had cmne about in the lasfl50 years in the industrial, social, anddomestic life of tha community, 1 and stated,that the tendency of all modern educationwas towards technical or applied methodsof training, to bring the eclueation systeminto more effective relation to economicand industrial needs. This country wasalready suffering through the depletion ofsome of its natural resources, and we mustlearn to make the most of them.

_

Thiscould be done by continued education, sothat there might"be no break between thoschool and the office, shop, factory, orfarm. -

, , ' _At Wyndham on the 26th nit. Ernest

Sherborne, shop manager, was chargedwith selling 10lb gelignite and one boxdetonators without first obtaining a permit,as provided by the War Regulations, whileJames Winter was charged with purchasingthe explosives. Both pleaded guilty. Sher-borne, in explanation, said that, havingsolrl a parcel of explosives a few days pre-viously to a brother of the other defendant,he took it to be a repeat order. He tele-

E honed to the Police Station for a permit,ut tho constable was out of town. Con-

stable Jones admitted Sherborne hadalways been careful to conform with theregulations. He alleged that, on the sameday as Winter had made his purchase,there had been a series of startling ex-plosions on the banks of the MatauraRiver, and on visiting the locality he Jjoundseveral stioks of gelignite unexploded. Onthe day following Winter could only pro-duce 16 out of the 100 plugs of gelignite. :

Mr Davey,i who appeared for Winter, pro-'.tested against the constable's inuenclo/Winter had purchased and used tho gelig-nite in releasing a largo sheet of water onlow-lying ground. The magistrate said thoregulations must be administered strin- ,gently. He fined each defendant £3 with'7s costs.

September 4, 1918. OTAGO WITNESS. 37

THE EMPIRE'SCALL.HEW ZEALAND'S RESPONSE

'TWELFTH CI DRAFT.DEPARTURE EOR CAMP.

. The twelfth CI draft, comprised of __s2man-, went- north to camp on the 27thult. in charge of Lieutenant M'Crorie. Ser-geant-major button, wiio brought theSouthlanders up on Monday night, andSergeant-major Bishop, area officer at Gore,also left with the draft for camp. Thenames of the southern man were publishedlast week, and the following are the namesof th? Dunedm men:—Robert Brown,Edward T. S. Cameron, Walter M, Cars-law, Thomas E. Clarke, John Coleman,John H. Dcdd, William C. Dale, WilliamJ. Duncan, John J. Gawn, John C. Hislop,Alex.. M'Donald, George Meek, George H.Mitchell, Sydney H. Poole, Albert J. Shep-herd, Richard T. Simpson, Charles B.Stephenson, George A. Sikcs, John D.Todd, Sydney Turnbull, Laurence Tweed,Herbert J. White.

RETURNING DRAFT.The 172nd draft of wounded and invalided

men from Otago and (Southland arrivedon tho 29th ult. at Dunedin by the ex-press. Thoy are all walking and con-to-night. They are all walking and con-valescent cases. The following are namesof the men :

For Dunedin.—Private Barr, TroopersBlackwood, O'Reilly, and Wobdley.

For Mosgiol.—Troopers Simm and Watt.For Hindon.—Trooper M'Donald.For Oamaru. —Trooper Paterson.For Invercargill.—Troopers Dixon, Came-

ron, Spronge, Wilson, Lance-corporal Grant.For Garston.—Trooper Crosada.For Winton.—Trooper Hamilton.For Lochiel. —Trooper Morrison.For Ryal Bush.—Trooper M'Callum.,

RETURNED SOLDIERSWELCOMED.

On the evening of August 20 M'Devitt'sHall at St. Bathans was crowded, the occa-sion befiiig a social and presentation inhonour of two local returned soldiers-Privates A. M'Gregor and J. Wheeler. MrNicolson (president of the Patriotic Asso-ciation) presented the guests with a goldmedal each on behalf of the residents ofthe district. Mr E. Morgan expressed hisappreciation of the sarvices rendered bythe guests on behalf of the world's liberty,and wished them long life and prosperity.-

KILLED IN ACTION.LIEUTENANT-COEONEL HUMPHRIES,

M.C., D.C.M.Word : .was received in Dunedin on the

29th of the death—killed in action—of Lieu-tenant-colonel Cecil Humphries, a native ofNew Zealand, who had a wonderful recordas a soldier—if not the most wonderful of thatof any man from the dominion. The deceasedsoldier was in. England with his mother(Mrs A. Rouse), spending- a holiday whenwar broke out, and ho at once joined therush of volunteers in London, being- ap-pointed a sergeant .in the Army ServiceCorps and going at once to Fiance. Aftera few weeks in the Army Service- Corps,Sergeant Humphries applied for a transfer,and joined up as a private with the Man-chester, forming a part of the Indian Ex-peditionary Force which had just then ar-rived in France. He was through all thedesperate fighting round Laventie, Givenchy,Neuve Chapelle, and Lille, and for gal-lantry in an engagement when, as he him-self described it, the battalion in whichhe. was serving was put in to stop a Ger-man Army Corps, he was awarded theD.C.M., and promoted sergeant, the decora-tion being pinned on his breast on thefield by General Willocks. On severaloccasions he deemed himself highly honouredby being selected from his company totake part with other selected men fhnight raids across No Man's Land. In1915 Sergeant Humphries was woundedin the thigh by a piece of shrapnel whilelying up oh the parapet watching theGurkhas in action, and was invalided toEngland. At the base hospital it is re-corded that the doctor became much in-terested in Humphries and his record asa soldier, and though the wounded manmade Jight of his wound the doctor orderedhim to take a holiday. Later he waspromoted to lieutenant, and was attachedto the Highland Light Infantry, and spentsome time acting as instructor in Edin-burgh. Writing to his relatives in Dun-edin he stated that he could not sometimeshelp smiling to himself when he remem-bered that a year previously he had hardlyknown the difference between the butt andthe barrel of a gun, and here was acting asan instructor. Later on he returned toFrance with the Highland Light Infantry,and was again wounded, beinj shot throughthe arm, and was awarded the MilitaryCross. He was invalided back to Eng-land, and was again promoted, to captain,and transferred to the Duke of Cornwall'sregiment. A cablegram received a fewweeks ago stated that he had been pro-moted to lieutenant-colonel. He also servedon the Italian front, and while travellingin a motor car was run down at a cross-ing by a train and thrown out, escapingwithout a scratch, the only damage beingthat the sleeve was torn from his coat—one more narrow escape,, as lie wrote, fromjoining the <; aerial scouts." Altogetherhe had been wounded four times.

Lieutenant-colonel Humphries was 27years of age. He was born at Matauraand received part of his education at theOrago Boys' High School. His peoplethen wont" to live in Christchurch, wherehis mother was the licensee of the ExcelsiorHotel. He was a keen player at golf,and represented Canterbury on the foot-ball field against Oiago some years ago.His mother is at present living in Lon-don. Mrs S. 0. Wilson, who is well knownon the local concert platform, is a sister,and an aunt, Mrs Dalrymple, lives atMusselburgh.

PERSONALSergeant James M'G. Lamb (Otagc), in-

cluded in the list of those awarded theD.C.M. on August 22, is a nephew of MrsR. Doak, Alma-j and is known in the

Oamaru district. In April ho was giventhe Croix do Guerre. He has now beenwounded again (July 23), and is in hospitalin England.

Lance-corporal Stanley Wright, who leftwith the Seventh Reinforcements, LordLiverpool's N.Z. Riflo Brigade, and hasseen much active service, has been in oneof the Canadian hospitals with a bad knee.When writing to' his father, under July_ 1(Mr Duncan Wright, city missionary), hereferred in the highest terms to the treat-ment from the nurses and medical men. Hisaccount of 'the decoration of Canadiangraves in France on June 30, the eve ofDominion Day, makes good reading. Theband gave tho overture "0, Canada."

Mr A. Johnston. Brown has been advisedthat his only son, Corporal Wm. Lloyd.Brown, was killed in action in France onthe 15th inst. Corporal Brown was withDalgety and Co., at Blenheim, when he en-listed He left with tho Twenty-second. Re-inforcements.

The Southland Times states that Mr T.O'Byrne, secretary of the Southland SawmillWorkers-' Union, has received intimation fromthe'Minister of Defence to the effect that acable has been received advisiitg that his son,Corporal A. O'Byrne, was admitted to hospitalin England on August 18, suffering from gun-shot wounds in tho right thigh, left leg, andhand. Corporal O'Byrne, who left NewZealand with tho 14th Reinforcements, waapreviously wounded at ilessines, and] has beenthrough some very heavy fighting on thewestern front. He has been absent fromthe dominion for two and a-half years, dur-ing which period he has passed through over14 serious "stunts."

The news of the death at the front ofLieutenant William A. Stuart, son of Mr andMrs John B. Stuart, Highcliff, Otago Penin-stila, will Lave been received with regret byhis many friends. Lieutenant Stuart waseducated at the Highcliff Public School,Boys' High School, Dunedin, and Otago Uni-versity.. At each of these institutions hegained sufficient scholarships to educate him-self without assistance from his parents.After receiving his M.Sc. degree, he was ap-pointed demonstrator at Victoria College,Wellington, but previous to enlisting wasscience master at Otago Boys' High School.He left with the 17th Reinforcements, butwhile in France was promoted to lieutenant.His death removes another brilliant student,and the loss is the more to be deplored fromthe fact of the promise which LieutenantStuart gave of his becoming a distinguishedstudent of research.

Advice has been received that LieutenantThomas Gilbert Robertson (Twenty-fifth Rein-forcements) was killed in action in Franceon August 22. Those who were acquaintedwith Lieutenant Robertson, who was in histhirtieth year, will deeply regret to hear ofhis death. A teacher by profession, he wasappointed assistant in the secondary depart-ment in the Niaseby District High School in1907, and in the Balclutha District HighSchool in 1909. Two' years later he joined thestaff of the Otago Boys' High School, wherehe enjoyed great popularity among the pupils,specially endearing himself to them by thewarm interest which he took in their outdoor,activities.. He was one of the officers of theCadet Corps of the school, and was himselfan athlete of no mean note, being particu-larly accomplished as a swimmer. He wasmarried two years ago.

Private Randolph M'Donnell, died fromwounds, was born at Bald Hill Flat 27 yearsago,' and was educated at the .public school"there. After leaving school he followedvarious occupations until he reached the stageof manhood, when he started work in a localquartz mine, in which he was engaged for afew years. Subsequently he joined a Govern-ment survey party, and remained with ituntil he volunteered for active service, leav-ing with the Twenty-second Reinforcements.Being wounded in France oni October 25,1917. he was under treatment for some monthsin various hospitals in England,, and re-covered sufficiently to return to France, wherehe was- fatally wounded about July 26 last.

Mr R. IST." Gordon, of the Union SteamShip Company, received word on Monday thathis third eldest son. Second Lieutenant A.R. Gordon, had died in France on August26, as the result of wounds received inaction. The deceased soldier was educatedat*the St. Leonards, Arthur Street, and Boys'High Schools, and took his" B.A. degree atthe Otago University. He joined the firm ofMessrs Adams Bros, to study law, but re-signed his position to go in for the ministry,and left for Auckland to study at the Metho-dist College there. He took his M.A. de-gree at the college with second-class honours,and was appointed second minister at theMethodist Church at North-Bast Valley, hav-ing charge of the Glenaven and Ravens-bourne Churches. He left Dunedin as aprivate in the 7th Reinforcements in October,1915, and went to Egypt and thence to

France, and saw a lot of active service.In December, 1917, he proceeded to Englandto sit for a commission, and came out withthe second highest marks in the examination,returning to France in May of his- year. Howas 23 years of age. A brother, SergeantL. G. Gordon, went to the front in the 13thReinforcements, won the Military Medal, andis at present sitting for a commission in

England. It is interesting to note thatalthough Wallace street, Roslyn, where thedeceased soldier's parents reside, has hut12 hotises, four of the soldiers who wentfrom this street have been killed and sevenhave been wounded.

SOLDIERS SENTENCEDAUCKLAND, September 1

The following sentences have been im-posed by court-martial:—Corporal P. T.Pnllen, reduced in rank for striking anothersoldier. Private Arthur J. Lamb, 11months' imprisonment, with hard labour,for refusing medical examination. PrivateDaniel Gunn, 30 days' detention for refus-ing to parade for medical examination.

The following sentences by district courts-martial held at Trentham Camp have beenconfirmed:—Desertion when under ordersfor active service, Private J. Clarke, De-tails (late B Company, Forty-second Rein-forcements), 90 days' detention; Private J.D. • Barclay. Details (late D Company,Thirty-eighth Reinforcements), 120 days' de-tention; desertion when-under orders foractive service and loss of equipment, PrivateF. J. Skinner, Details (late B Company,Thirty-ninth Reinforcements), 120 days' de-tention and stoppages of pay, lis lOd. Inall cases the sentence is mitigated so thatif the accused embarks, for active serviceoutside of New Zealand, then upon arrivalat the final pert of disembarkation the un-expired portion (if any) of his sentenceshall be remitted. *

The following sentences by DistrictCourts-martial, held at Trentham Camp,have been confirmed :—Private F. Marshall,Details, disobeying the lawful command ofhis superior officer, 90 days' detention;Private J. A. Bennie, Details (bite- ECompany. Fortieth Reinforcements), de-sertion when under orders for active j ser-vice, and lo»s of equipment, 112 days' de-

tentiori and stoppage of pay. £2 6s 3d;Private R. Scott, Details, desertion andloss of equipment, 180 days' detention andstoppages of pay, £2 4s 4d. In the lat-ter two cases the sentence is mitigated sothat if the accused embark on active ser-vice outside of New Zealand, then uponarrival at the final port of disembarkation,the unexpired portion (if any) of their sen-tence shall be remitted, and "their Now Zea-land records shall be endorsed accordingly.

A district court-martial held at Trenthamcamp on August 20 found Private H. G. L.Plows (Details) guilty of disobeying, insuch a manner as to show a wilful defianceof authority, a lawful command given per-sonally by his superior officer, in the execu-tion of his office, and he has been sen-tenced to imprisonment with hard labourfor two years.

The finding of a district court-martialheld ,at Featherston military camp onAugust 19 having been confirmed by tfceCommandant, New Zealand Military Forces,is promulgated: Private H. Pallesen (CIDetails), found guilty of disobeying a law-ful command given by his superior officer,was sentenced to undergo one year and 11months' imprisonment with hard labour.

The following sentences by district courts-martial at Featherston have been con-firmed:—For desertion and loss of equip-ment, Private A. Flint, Dstails (late ACompany, 38th Reinforcements), 180 days'detention and stoppage of pay (£7 9s) ;

Private J. J. Lundy. Details (late D Com-pany, 37th Reinforcements), 128 days' de-tention and stoooagos of pay (2s lOd);Private J. Cotter, Details.: 12 "days' deten-tion and stoppages of pay (£1 4s sd). Ineach case the sentence is mitigated so thatif the accused embarks" for active serviceoutside of New Zealand, thsn upon arrivalat the final port of disembarkation the un-expired portion (if any) of his sentence shallbe remitted.

MEMORIAL WORKSHOPS FORDISABLED SOLDIERS & SAILORS.At a public meeting held at Masterton

recently it was decided' to advocate thestarting of four memorial workshops afterthe style of. the Lord Roberts's Workshopsin England. These have been completelysuccessful at Home, and have been workedon a self-supporting basis. The idea in.Now Zealand is to make these workshopsa national tribute to our fallen soldiers andsailors, and to enable those who are dis-abled, and hence unable to pursue theirordinary avocations, to embrace a new life,emerging from the workshops skilled work-men in suitable employment. The matterhas been taken up by the National ServiceLeague, of which Mr Morris, Masterton,is the organiser. It is recommended thata fund of £40.000 be created, to be lodgedwith the Public

_

Trustee. Of this £IO.OOOwill be appropriated for each city. Theamount required to be provided:—£2o,oooby the Government and £20,000 out of thePatriotic Funds, or £SOOO from each largecentre. That the purchase of premises andmachinery and the salary of instructors bemade from the fund (advances could alsobe made for the purchase of raw material);that every disabled soldier or sailor beentitled to get instruction andl, if he wishes,to continue in employment in the work-shops; that all work be paid for at traderates; that trades such as tailoring, furni-ture-making, basketwaro. shoe-making andrepairing, and toys be chosen, one trade toeach workshop: that the Government beasked to assist the workshops by placing itsorders with them for State requirements inoonnection with schools, offices, training *

farms, defence, Police Force, hospitals, etc.,but under no circumstances to reduce thepensions or allowances of the men employedbecause of their earnings. It is nointedout that while the Government has at-tempted to do something through the Tech-nical Schools, the men do not like sittingdown to learn with juveniles.

NATIONAL OWNERSHIPMODERATE LEAGUE ENDORSES

PETITION.

(Special Correspondent.)Wellington, August 29, 1918.

At a meeting of the Central Executiveof the New Zealand Moderate League, held'this morning, Mr D. M. Findlay presiding,consideration -was given to a letter fromthe National Council of the Licensed Tradeasking for the support of the League tothe petition now being circulated prayingthat the additional issue of " NationalOwnership" should be placed before theelectors at the next poll.

In the course of the letter the NationalCouncil stated that the determination topromote the petition had been particularlyinfluenced by the stand taken by theModerate League to the effect that themoderate public should have the right tovote on the question of _ "National Owner-ship,'' and also that the inconsistent "LocalOption" issue should be done away with.

The petition was carefully examined bythe League Executive, the members ex-pressing their opinion that the "Trade's"attitude had now brought "National Owner-ship" . forward a 3 a reality possible ofachievement in the near future; whereas,had organised opposition been shown bythe "Trade," together with the ProhibitionParty's active opposition to State Owner-ship, it would have made it very difficultto bring the proposal into the realm ofpractical politics. In view of this, it wasdecided to support the "National Owner-ship" petition, and the following resolutionwas carried :

" That the New Zealand ModerateLeague, having from its inception' in 1914-consistently urged upon the Governmentthe necessity of amending the method bywhich the opinion of 'the people on theLicensing Question is secured, making theissue entirely a National one. and embrac-ing the question of "National Ownership,"endorses the principle embodied in the peti-tion now being promoted by th<; NationalCouncil; and, while reserving the right offree criticism of all machinery proposals forachieving the object in view, expresses itsgratification that the Licensed Trade ofNew Zealand is prepared to endeavour tosecure and to accept the decision of thepeople on the question of "National Owner-ship." and strongly urges the moderatecitizens of the dominion to avail themselvesof the opportunity now offering by support-in"- the "National Ownership" Petition asa "demonstration to Government of thegrowing sentiment in favour of the StateTaking over the complete management andcontrol of the sale of alcoholic liquors."—4918.

38

OTAGO WITNESS September 4, 1918

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CHAMBER OF COMMERCE.

ANNUAL MEETING.

Tho thirty-first meeting of the DunedinChamber of Commerce was held on the28th ult. There was a fairly largo attend-ance, und Mr W. Gow presided and de-livered an address of an interesting nature,from a mercantile point of view coveringtho past 12 months.

The annual report stated that three mem-bers had been lost by death—Messrs WilliamCoull, C. F. Grccnslade. and J. A. Burt,all well known men in the business life ofthe community. The surplus of receiptsover expenditure was £2O 9s sd. Mr R. G.Sise had been appointed convener of meet-in n-s to be called to protect the interestsof merchants at this port. Other subjectstouched on were the suburban tram service,and the sitting of the Board of Trade inDunedin. During the year the council hadhad constantly before it representations inregard to ehinping.

In moving the adoption of the reportthe Chairman said the shortage of shippingwas greatly hampering our import and mer-chant business, and also our manufacturingindustries. Even when it was possble tosecure supplies of goods or material in

Britain, America, or Japan, the difficultyof getting transport to the dominion wasbecoming greater every day, and the costwas high. Ho knew perfectlywell'that this was a direct consequence ottho enormous demand for shipping for win-purposes, and of the depletion of the world s

tonnage by submarine operations; therefore,we were compelled to make the best of it.But he was of opinion that the situationmi°ht have been very materially relievedif the authorities could have been inducedto make more use of returning troopshipsfor the transport of merchandise. Repre-sentations had been made again andagain urging that this bo done—so far,however, with no very beneficial result.The council had not been neglectful of theinterests of this part of the dominion, andhad done a very great deal of work of a

mora or less routine character.. Ihc greatwar, now entering upon its fifth year, andthe end not yet in sight, had overshadowedall minor interests. This had been especi-ally evident in the attitude of the Do-minion Government, which appeared tohave been overtaken by a kind of paralysisin regard to every duty and responsibihtyexcept such as was directly connected withtho war and the maintaining of . thestrength of our contingents at ths front.It had been quite impossible to secure anyeffective movement in regard to manyquestions which were really of urgent im-portunes not only to ourselves, but also tothe welfare of the whole dominion. Hewas quite satisfied that it was necessary tobegin at once to set our house in order, inview of the contingencies of the future andin preparation for the changed conditionswhich we would be called upon to face im-

mediately peace was concluded. Confer-ences of chambers, business conferences,parliamentary committees and commissions,etc., had disclosed many defects and weak-nesses in the commercial system of the Em-pire, to say nothing of its social condi-tions ; therefore it was inevitable that very"great changes were impending. It was tobe hoped that organisation and, wherenecessary, control would be applied to in-

dustry and commerce to such an extent asto prevent the possibility of our again find-ing the ' Emoire so absolutely dependentupon foreign* and even unfriendly, coun-tries for so many things which were essen-tial to its well-beine-. and, indeed, vital toits existence. Mr Gow referred to domes-tic legislation, and said we freely gave firstplace to the necessity of doing our duty tohelp in the maintenance of our great Em-pire and to perpetuate the free institu-tions without which life would scarcely beworth living. At the same time, it ap-peared to be mere folly to continue per-sistentlv to shelve domestic legislation, ashad been done ever since the NationalGovernment came into existence. Satisfac-tory arrangements ought to have beenmade not only to carry on, but to preparenecessarv legislation for the future. It wasabsurd to say that the absence of thePrime Minister and the -Minister ofFinance rendered it impossible to makesuch necessary preparations. We could notbut be grateful for the devoted service ofsuch men as Sir James Allen; but therestill remained the necessity for dealingwith our own domestic affairs, and thatduty ought not to be neglected.- Speakingon Imperial relations, Mr Gow said thequestion of preferential trading within theEmpire must be jealously watched, so thatwo might not find ourselves at a disad-vantage. Perhaps the most important ques rtion was the future disposal of the islandsand territories in the Pacific, which in themeantime we had wrested from_ the Ger-man Empire. It would be an intolerablemenace to the British dominions in theSouthern Hemisphere if anv arrangementwere made that would permit of Germanyagain securing a footing in the Pacific.

Looking Ahead.—Mr Gow went on to say: In the per-

formance of our duty in regard to theprosecution of the war, we have incurredenormous liabilities, and even if the warended to-morrow- we shall have to face muchheavier taxation than we have ever beenaccustomed to in past years. At the presentmoment, when all is bright and rosy, theburden does not seem unduly great, but wecannot expect that the present high valuesbeing realised for our produce will continueindefinitely, so that the burden which wenow carry with comparative ease may be-come exceedingly oppressive when valuesrecede to normal. It is necessary, therefore,that every possible effort should be- madeto increase our productiveness. The exportfigures which wo show are based uponpresent-day values, and, of course, the in-crease of our exports appears to hephenomenal. Whether the increase wouldappear at all so satisfactory if measuredby volume instead of value is quite anothermatter. I fear that a careful comparisonon that basis would be rather disappointingthan otherwise. If we are to continueadvancing so that increased volume maycompensate for decreasing value, then thereare many questions which requir* immediateattention. Wo must hav'e'our

Land Legislationinquired into and revised as far as m neces-sary to attract more and more closo settle-ment of capable people upon the land. Weshall probably be compelled to initiate apolicy of immigration, not, only to providethat the land shall bo fully occupied, butalso to provide that there shall be enoughlabour available for its proper cultivationwhen it is occupied. Wo must see to itthat more adequate provision is made, for

scientific training in agricultural pursuits,and Otago, which has so long been neglectedin this direction, should insist upon theestablishment of experimental farms withinher borders. The experimental farms whichhave been established in the North Islandby the Government, although apparentlysomewhat costly luxuries, have neverthelessbeen productive of very practical results inshowing what it is possible to do even withsomewhat unpromising land. So muchwould be admitted by anyone who had anyacquaintance with the Waikato district be-fore the establishment of the Ruakura farm,and who cares to make a visit there to-day.The

Need for Such Scientific Trainingis clearly made manifest in an address givenby Mr' Healey, the agricultural instructorof the Otago Education Board. It is notat all pleasant reading, and even if wecannot agree with Mr Healey in all hisconclusions ho at any rate makes it quiteevident that Otago farming is not by anymeans what it ought to be, and that weare indeed slipping back in the matter ofproductiveness. A remedy is imperative, andit should be" our business to assist in findingit. We believe that the scientific framingof , young men who propose to take upfarming pursuits would prove one of thevery best remedies. This leads me to saythat our whole system of

Educationrequires careful consideration. I cannotclaim to be an educationist, and thereforemust not speak dogmatically upon the sub-ject. Our primary education is probablyquite efficient, or, at any rate, as efficientas can be expected under a system whichtakes no cognisance of the fact that achild has a spiritual side to' develop aswell as an intellectual. I would, however,like to see more attention given to theteaching of history, and especially of themanner of the development of our freeinstitutions, so that our children might befree from tho jingoistic spirit which sooften pa'sses for patriotism, _and~be imbuedwith a true spirit of patriotism, based uponknowledge. But it is principally in regardto our secondary education that I thinkwe fall short, and it appears to me that" thisis so because we continue to drive ourscholars all along practically the same path.It is in the more advanoed stages of educa-tion that we ought to provide for diversityof intellect and capacity, and to differentiatemore than we do, according to the probablelife work which the pupil proposes to under-take. Our technical schools are certainlydoing good work in that direction, but eventhey are in danger of having their efficiencymarred by becoming merely, continuationschools. That continuation schools arenecessary is admitted; but provision shouldbe made to supply that need independentlyaltogether of the technical schools, whichshould be devoted entirely to scientific andtechnical education. Moreover, the soonerwe can have

Technical Schools Established in CountryDistricts,—

giving special attention to such subjectsas will aid in the development of the dis-tricts in which they are located, the better-it will be for all concerned. This would nodoubt cost money, but it would be moneywell spent, and, except that efficient teach-ing must be secured, it would not benecessary to fit out lavishly expensiveestablishments. An extension of the workdone already in some of our country primaryschools would bo a good beginning; butteachers who are specialists would requireto be procured, as the first condition ofsuccess. Correlative to the special technicaland scientific training of our youth to enablethem to make the most _ of their oppor-tunities in agriculture or in any other de-partment of industry which they propose tofollow, arises the question of general scien-tific research, with a view to the develop-ment of tho natural resources of the Do-minion. We have already produced in ouruniversities, and doubtless will continue toproduce, young men of high scientificattainment, and it has always appeared tome to be an extraordinary thing that somany of these young men -should be com-pelled to leave the Dominion in order tofind scope for their ability, or even to findemployment. The Government have re-cently set aside a small sum for the ]>ur-pose of scientific research within the Do-minion ; but, in my opinion, it would nayhandsomely to set aside thousands insteadof hundreds of pounds for this purpc-e.I would like to see a fully-equipped scientificresearch department established, either asa separate institution, or attached to one ofour universities, which would . devote itselfentirely to reccarch and experiments inevery direction likely to prove of value tothe Dominion or to the industry of the Do-minion. Such an institution would givescope to many of the capable young menwe now turn out of our universities, so thattheir services might be retained in the Do-minion. In addition to sufficient salariespaid to its staff, bonuses should be grantedfor valuable discoveries. The cost of main-tenance would be greatly relieved by makingmoderate but sufficient charges to manu-facturers and others who would take advan-tage of the services such a department couldrender.

-—Reforms Needed.—As I do not wish to detain you unduly I

will just refer very shortly to two or threeother matters which, in my opinion, re-quire to be dealt with as early as possible:

1. The Extension of our Railway Systemso as to provide better internal communi-cation, and to make possible the closersettlement and development which we somuch need. In Otago, at any rate, wehave been of late years very much neglected.Wo must push to get a fair share of ex-penditure in this direction! Our OtagoCentral line has come practically to a stand-still. I am afraid I shall never see it accom-pilshed, but I still desire an extension of thatline to open up the entire Upper CluthaValley, and, not stopping there, be pushedon over to the West Coast and northwards,opening up a great stretch of country, andconnecting us with the mineral districts inthe same manner that Canterbury is nowconnected.

2. The Question of Oversea Shipping aftertho War Ends.—l believe thoroughly in pri-vate" enterprise as being usually the mostsatisfactory method _ of development. Butwhen any undertaking is of such magni-tude as to be beyond the reach of privateenterprise or the salutary check of com-petition, or such as lends itself to theestablishment of a powerful monopoly orring, much more concerned for its ownthan for tho public welfare, then the aur.s-tion arises whether such an undertakingshould not bo the business of the bodvcorporate. Who would think of privateenterprise as a method pf conducting our

postal and telegraphic services, or of jestablishing our railway systems? Does over- jsea transit of our merchandise not come junder the same head? Are we to go back ito where we were before the war, ami throwourselves into the arms of great shipping |rings for exploitation? No doubt we werein many respects well served, but the in-terest of the shipowner was always in the !forefront. You will remember how we |found the Ring giving special privileges Ito shippers from Germany in order to pre- |

vent competition, and year by year the billof lading contract was being stiffened purely jin the interest of the shipowner. Will theGovernment of the Dominion be boldenough to venture upon the oversea car- jriago of our merchandise as they havealready undertaken the land transit? I do •not profess to say what they ought to do,but certainly it would appear to me to boa more legitimate exercise of their functionsthan the opening of a few paltry coal mines jto regulate the price of coal, and regardingwhich we can only write up the word :"failure." ' _ I3. The Development of Hydro-electricEnergy.—The Government have given con- :

siderable attention to this subject, and havein view the expenditure of large sums ofmoney in that direction, but, as usual, it isto be spent in the North Island. We are '

told quite frankly that as far as the Govern- ;

ment are concerned there is no hope of ,

anything being done in the South for many Iyears to come. It is evident, therefore, !that, if we are to develop in this directionat any early date it will have to be done ,

independent of Government assistance, no ■matter how unfair we may feel the situation jto be. The Southland League have been imoving to put us in a position to help our-selves, and they are promoting a Bill toallow of the establishment of boards con-trolling districts as may hereafter be ar-ranged, such boards to have power to raisemoney on rates payable within theirown district, and to "establish such hydro-electric works as are necessary. The de-tails of the .Bill have been looked into,and your council have agreed generally togive it support. It is to be hoped that sucha Bill may become law, and, if it does,then it is also to be hoped that advantagemay be taken of it in Otago in .order tomake use of the enormous amount of poweravailable in the Hawea. district The wholequestion of the irrigation of the GluthaValley might very easily bo solved if suchpower were available to raise water fromthe magnificent river which flows throughit

4. The Amendment of the Law in Regardto Incidence of Taxation.—We know thatno system of taxation can ever be auiteperfect, but some effort should be madeto secure its falling equitably upon theshoulders best able to bear it. The methodin existence of taxing the income of com-panies, as you will know, presses veryheavily upon individual shareholders. Manyof these shareholders have only small hold-ings, and if taxed" upon the whole of theirincome would only have to eubmit to a•reasonable impost; but paying as they dothrough their company, they are called uponto pay on a high—perhaps on the highest |—scale, because the company are treated jas a single individual with a large income, jI admit that when this question is looked ;into it is far from free of difficulty, butit should be faced in order to do justice ;to shareholders whose total income is onlysmall.

The various matters to which I. have re-ferred, together with many moreor less connected with our commercial lifeand prosperity, all call for' early considera-tion. If we are to bear with anv ease theburdens which are to be imposed upon us.the Dominion must face a bold forwardpolicy, and it is devoutly to be honed thatParliament, when it assembles, will rise toa sense of its responsibility, and seriouslytake in hand the settlement of all domesticquestions which are becoming so pressing.

Mr .L B. Waters seconded the motion,ana stressed the necessity for economy andefficiency.

The report haviner been adopted the fol-lowing were elected to fdl vacancies on thecommittee:—Messrs IT. C. Campbell. C. J.Martin, C. S. Owen. F. Parker. J. A.Pvoberts. and W. Speight. Mr J. B. Waterswas elected president. Mr T. Somei-villovice-president, and Mr Crawford auditor.

PROPOSED SOUTH OTAGO HOS-PITAL DISTRICT.

A meeting of the committee set up toarrange preliminary mutters in connectionwith the proposal to have a separate hospi-tal district constituted for South Otago washold in Balclutha on the 24th. The Bruceand Clutha County Councils and the Bal-clutha Borough Council were represented.The "Kaitangata and Milton Borough Coun-cils had previously "signified that theywould adhere to the Otago Hospital Boardin the • meantime, and the eame positionseems to prevail with regard to Tuapekadistrict.

A statement -was submitted showing theestimated revenue, based on existing levies,to be derived from the proposed newboard's districts for 1918-19. On the rate-able capital value the revenue would be:Bruce Countv, £958; Clutha County, £2319;Balclutha Borough, £237;—total, £3514.

If Kaitangata joined in the above totalwould be increased by £ll4. In additionto the above revenue there would be aGovernment subsidy of an equivalent sumat the least, allowing for a revenue of£7OOO to work on.

Reports, balance sheets, and useful in-formation as well as much encouraging ad-vice, were received from several countryhospital districts throughout New Zealand.

It was decided—"That' the principle beaffirmed to form a separate hospital districtfor South Otago, embracing a certain areaof Clntha and Bruce Counties, the areato be defined, afterwards."

The suggested boundaries of the proposedhospital district were: On the south, thepresent delineation of Clutha County as farSouth as the Waipahi River : on the north,the southern districts of Bruce, comprisingthe Balmoral Ridings (embracing Hillendand Greenfield), Matau, Inchclutha. Crichtouand the western part of Mount Stuart Rid-ing—say, from Lovells Flat westwards. IfTuapeka district and Milton and KaitangataBoroughs later on found it desirable to joinin the boundaries coidd be extended toinclude them.

The Hon. G. W Russell (Minister ofPublio Health) is to be asked to visit Bal-clutha, to go fully into the matter withthe local committee.

September 4> JLS/IS. OTAGO WITNESS. 39

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REVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA.

Lenin killed by a woman.allied advance in siberia.

will russia recover(By Cable).

A wireless Russian message reports thatLenin was twice wounded at Moscow inan attempt on his life. He has a bulletin each shoulder, and in one case thelung is affected.

A Moscow message states that Lenin,after addressing a meeting of labourers,was stopped by two women, who dis-cussed with him a recent decree as to theimportation of foodstuffs into Moscow.During the interview a young girl of theIntellectual class fired three shots, wound-ing Lenin in the shoulder and lungs. Thegirl when arrested, declared that shewas a Social Revolutionary.

Another account states that shots werefired by two women Social Revolutionaries.

Lenin died from the effects of the■wounds.

A Petrograd message via Berlin, statesthat the Commissary for Homo Affairs (M.TJnitsk) has been assassinated. His mur-derers have been arrested.

WHOLESALE ARRESTS.A. serious conflict between workmen and

"Bolshevist troops occurred at Moscow onSunday. The workmen took refuge in vil-lages near the city, and the Bolshevists setfire to the villages.

M. Doschfleurot, the New York World'sPetrograd correspondent, says that withintwo days 2000 Russian officers, from sub-alterns to generals, have been arrested.

Twenty-three thousand officers, whomthe Leninites* had interned at Moscow,have been released, in consequence of apopular demonstration.

A message from Kieff states that neutralrepresentatives have protested to

.the

Soviet Government against the mass ofarrests of officers at Moscow and Petro-grad, and have threatened to rescind theright of sanctuary for Bolshevist represen-,tatives abroad.

Cracow papers report grave events at'Kieff. Numerous arrests have beenmade, and hundreds have been expelled..The entire quarter has been Isolated.

The setting up of a Government atjNovgorod will probably result in cutting;the railway from Moscow to Petrograd.SThe revolt at Nalva, on'the Gulf of Fin-)land, is so serious that the Bolshevists arepowerless to suppress it.

THE USSURI FRONT.The New York Times Peking corre-

spondent states that General Semenoff."(Cossack) has resumed the offensive, and,!vwith Czecho-Slovak reiniasswftenta, liar,driven the Bolshevists iroa. #?£*«*■?«»station, west o{ Manchuria. Many Bol-shevists were taken prisoner.The correspondent adds: Many Japaneseare fighting, and the Dauris Chinese are

not opposing Japanese presence in Man-churia.

A Vladivostock message, dated August24 states : A general advance of all theAllied forces has begun pn tins Usuriiront. The Bolshevists have retired sixmiles.

A strong Japanese force arrived on theUsuri front, and soon afterwards theAllies advanced six miles, capturing aconsiderable quantity of booty and someprisoners.

A United Press telegram from Vladivo-stock reports that Red Guards and otherenemy forces attacked along the Ussurifront. The Allies repulsed the attack,.and more than 400 of the enemy werekilled. Americans did not' take part inthe fighting, • the brunt of which fellupon the Japanese, who captured twoarmoured trains and several field guns.

It is officially estimated that theBolshevists and Germans on the Ussurifront number 8000, with 14 field guns.The enemy on the 23rd inst. attacked theCzecho-Slovaks holding the left wing, andforced them back. Japanese forces stoppedthe enemy and assumed the offensive onthe 24th, driving him north.

The Germans and Bolshevists were de-feated at Ussuri, with 5000 casualties, andthe Allies have occupied Iman.

CHINESE ASSISTING.According to despatches from Tokio to

a local Japanese paper, that portion ofthe Japanese expedition to Siberia whichwas sent through Manchuria has reachedHarbin. Chinese detachments have joinedthe Japanese at Harbin, and the forcesare proceeding through Manchuria, andare now in the vicinity in which Semen-off's Cossack army is hard pressed by theRed Guards.

The New York Times Peking corres-pondent states that General Semenoff andhis Cossacks captured Borzie station. TheBolshevists are burning the villages andretreating along the Onon River (in theLake Baikal region).

CONTROLLING THE RAILWAYS.The New York Times Washington cor-

respondent states that information hasbean received stating that it is imperativethat arms and ammunition be sent to theCz.cho-Slovaks before winter sets in, sixweeks hence. It may be necessary tosend an expeditionary force through Man-churia via Khailar and Turga, towardsChina, and thence along the Siberianrailway to Lake Baikal and Irkutsk.

The'Times Harbin correspondent statesthat Japanese and Russian cavalry havebeen sent to protect the Vladivostock-Harbin railway, the 1 maintenance of com-munications causing anxiety. Enemyagitators are constantly stirring up theBolshevist element amongst the popula-tion. The Allies are considering the tak-ing over of the control of the ChineseEastern railway for the better transportof troops and supplies.

A PLOT THAT FAILED.General Pleshkoff, on behalf of General

Horvath, has carried out a coup d'etat.He has issued a proclamation, declaring

that the Russian military forces in theFar East are under his command, where-upon the Russian volunteers, organisedlocally on behalf of the Siberian Govern-ment, went over to General Horvath enmasse. The suddenness of the affair non-plussed the Siberian Government, whichwas unable to, organise opposition. Nobloodshed occurred. The Allied repre-sentatives are considering the situation.

The. New York Times Washington cor-respondent states that official advices fromVladivostock state that Horvat's coupd'etat has failed. The Allied representa-tives at Vladivostock have diverted Horvatof his self-assumed authority

The New York Times Washington cor-respondent says: The Allied represen-tatives at Vladivostock told .GeneralHorvat that the Siberian Government'sauthority would be sustained. Horvat isa Mouchist, an anti-German and an anti-Bolshevist. He appointed a temporaryCabinet for Siberia, and declared that, theGovernment programme would include therenewal of all treaties with the AlliedPowers, declaring his intention " to actin complete accord with our British Allies."Lieutenant-general Bleshkoff, Horvat'saide, attempted to assume control of all theRussian military forces in the Far East.

ALLIES AT ARCHANGEL.The Allies at Archangel dispersed the

Bolshevist river flotilla-.It is reported that a liaison between

the Allies from Archangel and the Czecho-slovaks has been made at Viatka, and theAllies are advancing on the line of theVologda River.

RUSSIANS JOINING THE ALLIES.The New York World's Washington

correspondent says that official advicefrom Russia states that the flow of Rus-sian recruits to the German army hasceased since the arrival of Entente troopsat Vladivostock and the spread of Ententepropaganda work.

New York Press despatches from Arch-angel state that Nicholas VassilouitchTchailtovsky, president of the new Sove-reign Government of Northern Russia,has appealed for more Allied troops as anucleus for the formation of a Russianarmy to fight the Germans and Bolshe-vist-s.

A Finnish newspaper states that theGrand Duke Dimitri Paulovitch has joinedthe British troops in Russia. He is men-tioned as a candidate for the Russianthrone.

The New York Herald'si Washington cor-respondent states that a Russian volunteerarmy is reported to have captured theBlack Sea port Novorossysk. This isbelieved in military circles to be a remnantof the Russian regular army, which wasdisbanded after the Brest-Litovsk treaty.

MASSACRE IN FINLAND.A prominent Finnish Socialist states

that the White Guards in Finland re-cently shot 10,000, of whom many wereinnocent, and imprisoned 20,000. Theproposal for a monarchy was passed bythe Landtag by 7 votes, by the ex-clusion of opponents. A great number

of Labour members in the Landtag havebeen illegally imprisoned.I innish opposition to the Grand Duke

Adolf of Mecklenburg as King resultedin vetoing the proposal. The Finns wanta constitutional King, not a member ofthe world's most reactionary family.

THE CZECHO-SLOVAKS.The Czecho-Slovaks fighting on the

Volga have cabled a message of high ap-preciation for the British recognition ofthe Czecho-Slovak nation, and for the aidrendered them by the expedition toRussia.

The Red Cross War Council has beenadvised from Vladivostock that more than20,000 Czecho-Slovak refugees, of whom4000 are children, are in the care of theAmerican Red Cross.

Hundreds of wounded Czecho-Slovakshave reached Vladivostock, still deter-mined to prosecute the campaign, afterdesperate fighting against the Bolshevistsand former Austrian and Germanprisoners.

Many refugees were found living intents and freight cars, in a most pitiablecondition, along the Chinese railway, andthe eastern railway west of Harbin.

BREST-LITOVSK TREATY.Additional provisions in the Brest-

Litovsk Treaty provide that Esthonia andLivonia shall be independent, but Russiahas secured commercial arrangement withthe Baltic provinces. Russia also acknow-ledges the independent State of Georgia(Caucasus). Russia gives Germany thegreater part of the naphtha production inthe Baku district (Caspian Sea). Russiaalso pays Germany a war indemnity ofsix milliards of marks.

RESORTING -TO VODKA.According to German newspapers, the

peasants in the Ukraine and in Centraland Southern Russia used at least two-thirds of the grain yield to make vodka.A thousand distilleries are working, andany attempt to raid and destroy them re-sults in fierce conflicts. The peasants arewell armed, and use machine guns andbombs. Despite the high price of vodka,the drinkers number millions, this result-ing in revivals of the old evils of drunken-ness, refusal to work, rioting, and de-bauchery.

TROTSKY AND LENIN.Mr Joseph Sharplin, the United Press's

Petrograd correspondent, has reformed toNew York. In an exclusive interviewgranted to the Australian Press Associa-tion, he said the consensus of opinion inRussia was that Trotsky's power is wan-ing. He is a gifted speaker, but his use-fulness is nullified b eoauee °f his over-weening desire for power. Trotsky stillexerts power at the Bolshevist councils,but his influence is negligible comparedwith that of Lenin, who is the only reallystrong man in Russia. He is possessed ofgreat will power and indomitable energy,and frequently works more than 24 hourswithout intermission. He is the brain ofthe Bolshevist Party, but, despite his per-sonality, Bolshevism is bankrupt, and theGovernment is growing weaker and weakerdaily.

THE FUTURE OF RUSSIA.Mr Joseph Shaplin (former United Press

correspondent in Petrograd), in the course,of an interview on his return, was asked :"What will be the future of Russia?"

Mr Shaplin replied : "In my opinionRussia will reorganise the east front nextsummer. Meanwhile the Revolutionary-Democratic Party is preparing to make upa powerful Government, and is quietly re-organising Russia's economic resources.Germany will supply the Bolshevists' re-quirements as* long as sh e is able to makeuse of them to keep Russia disorganisedand disunited. The restoration of Russiawill be hastened in proportion to the speedwith which the Allies send military aid tostrengthen the hands of the opponents ofthe Bolshevists."Two names are mentioned as possible

leaders of the new party which will oustthe Bolshevists. They are Victor Tcher-noff (leader of the Socialist-Revolutionaries)and M. Martoff. (leader of the Menshe-vists). The two leaders of the RussianNorthern Republic, Zuboff and Dedii-shenko, are strong men, but Tchernoff isthe most likely leader of the new NationalParty.

"The Russians will endeavour to re-establish a line in Poland, with subsidiaryfronts in the Murman and Archangelregions. It is established that_ 600,000Germans are engaged in _ maintainingorder in Russia. The reorganisation of theRussian front will mean detaching a mil-lion more men from Germany's westernfront, thus ensuring early victory for theAllies."The reorganisation of a stable Govern-

ment in Russia is slowly but com-ing, and I regard the future with optimismand complete confidence."

THE EX-ROYAL FAMILY.

REPORTED MURDER OFCZAREVITCH.

The Daily Mail states that a Russianprince, who has arrived in England, givesauthoz-itative details of the reported mur-der of the ex-Czarevitch. After theshooting of the ex-Czar, the Bolshevistexecutioners went to the Czarevitch andsaid : "We killed your father; a dog'sdeath for a dog." The Czarevitch burstinto tears, whereupon a Bolshevist shotthe boy dead with a revolver.

The United Press Archangel correspon-dent states that, acording to informationreceived by the Amer-ican Ambassador (MrFrancis), the body of the ex-Czar Nicholaswas not found when the Czecho-Slovaktroops entered Ekaterinburg. Nicholas

was killed by a Bolshevist commandantwhen the soldiers refused the order toshoot him.

LABOUR AND THE WAR.

THE AMERICAN MISSION.MR LLOYD GEORGE'S ADDRESS.

(By Cable.)The American Labour Mission, headed

by Mr Gompers, is in London, and willattend the Union Congress. It will alsovisit France and Italy, and stimulate unityof war spirit among the workers of thethree countries.

Mr Lloyd George, speaking at theGovernment luncheon to Mr Gompers(president of the American Labour Mis-sion), and referring to Labour's part inthe war, said that victory meant moreto those who had to get -their bread bythe sweat, of their brow than to any otherclass. It was significant that all the genu-ine leaders of Labour in the Allied coun-

>tries were convinced that victory wasessential to what they had been cham-pioning all their lives. German Labourwas becoming more and more- convincedthat it could never achieve its emancipa-tion without overthrowing .Prussian mili-tarism. Each German section showed thatthis force was growing. We were achiev-ing by war not merely security to theworld against the menace of Prussian mili-tarism, but the emancipation of GermanLabour from the bondage it had endured.

MR HENDERSON'S MISTAKE.Mr Arthur Henderson, M.P., addressing

the Labour Conference at Birmingham,admitted that he had. gone too far m hisspeech at Nottingham on July 13 whenhe declared that, the German SocialistMajority, party was prepared to discusspeace on the basis of Labour's principles.He \\a& bitterly disappointed over theirattitude. \

Mr Henderson added that Labour's in-ternational policy was not a compromisewith the German militarists, but was in-spired by a desire to win -the war forFreedom and Democracy. They believedthat the German Government could becompelled, to yield to the combined pres-sure of the Allied armies, and that the'long-deceived German nation would be dis-illusioned. Labour -desired a victory forits ideals, not the smashing of Germanyand a peace dictated at the sword's point.

EQUAL PAY FOR EQUAL WORK.The Press Bureau states : The Commit-

tee on Production awarded the womentramway omnibus workers an advance of25s weekly over the pre-war rates, thusequalising their rates with the maleworkers. The Government has appointeda committee to investigate and report onthe relations between the wages' of womenand men generally.

The tube strikers have decided toresume work.

MORE FOOD WANTED.The Monmouthshire miners threaten to

strike unless a larger allowance of cheese,butter, and jam is forthcoming.

Mr Winstone (the Welsh miners' presi-dent) informed Mr Clynes (Food Controller)that if any stoppage occurs Mr Clynes willbe l-esponsible.

LABOUR IN AUSTRALIA.A circular issued by the Organising

Committee of the "Otoe Big Union" schemestates: "We can and will own the work-shops." The circular adds: "It is notaimed to establish trade union, but classunion. Thus, in time, we will secure theownership of all Industries."

Owing to the coal shortage, the resultof the strike at Port Pirie, only threemines are working at Broken Hill, and4500 men are idle.

A DISPUTE SETTLED.The Yorkshire coal owners and miners,

at a conference, settled their dispute. Theleaders recommended an immediate re-sumption of work. There were 150,000miners out on strike to-day, practically theentire field being idle.

PRESENTED TO THE KING.Miss Elsie Rogen, born and educated in

New Zealand, writes to" her father, MrFred Rogen (now in Victoria) from theRichmond Hospital, England, as follows:

I got a great surprise yesterday morn-ing when Sir Frederick Treves, theeminent surgeon, cam© to mo in my ward,and said: ''-Nurse, I am going to presentyou to the King and Queen this after-noon—they are visiting the Star andGarter." I said, "Oh, Sir Frederick, Iam excited j why this honour"? "Be-cause you aro the oldest (not in years)V.A.D. here, and being a New Zealander,the King and Queen fir© very interestedin your country." Well, we all got fairlyexcited as the hospital had to be put inorder for their Majesties' visit to thepatients. Lady Haig arrived at_ 2.30 withher baby son, and wo were all introducedand talked to her. Wo made a fuss ofthe Field Marshal's baby, of course.Then at 3.50 the Royal party arrived.After we had curtsied to them, Sir Frede-rick Treves presented me to the Kingand then to the Queen. They talked to momuch longer than ever I expected, andwere very interested about New Zealand.They asked me if I was born out there,and when I came over to England. TheKing is fine, and I felt at my easeimmediately they started talking to me.It seemed quite funny to bo saying"Ma'm" and "Sir" to them. I • felt'that it would have been much easier tosay "Tour Majesty." My word, I didfeel honoured. . I'm sure you neverthought I'd be presented to the King andQueen. I'm so glad I've stayed so longin this hospital, I'm so lucky to havebeen hers when, they came. I've got SirFrederick Treves to thank for the honour;he is a great champion for the V.A.D.'s.

40OTAGO WITNESS. September 4, 1918

i The healthy manor woman is usuallythe most careless

and fails to observe the little indications of comingtrouble. However healthy a person may be theyneed to watch themselves because a little indigest-ible food or a little too much food or drink upsetsthe whole digestive machine and unless Naturereceives some assistance trouble is certain tofollow; first perhaps by a common bilious attackand then other serious digestive troubles. Thesensible man or woman, however, keeps a sharp

remedy like Dr. Morse's Indian Root Pills to aiddigestion and help Nature over some obstructioncaused by too much food or drink. There is nobetter remedy for this purpose in this or anyother-country, and their ever-increasing use by allclasses of the community bears testimony to theirhigh efficiency. The best advice that can be givenis to always have a bottle of these Pills at hand andwhen the first indication of trouble appears in theform of Constipation take a dose. The result iscertain to be effective and in a simple manner thesystem is put right again. No remedy at anyprice is better or more carefully prepared thanDR a WORSE'S INDIAN. ROOT PILLS. Theyare the, Standard Remedy of thousands, used inthe city, town and country with equally goodresults and sold at a price within the reach of all.

WADE'S WOItiM FIGS eradicates Wormsof all description. Price Is 6d.

Avoid coughs and colds this Winter-take NAZOL regularly. Put some dropson sugar—and inhale. Penetrating andgerm-killing. Get NAZOL to-day.

LAND AND WATER.Mr .0. R. Smith (president of the Do-

minion of New Zealand Bowling Associa-tion) has received a letter from MajorRichardson, officer in command of the garri-son at Samoa, thanking him for the 20 setsof bowls and a number of , jacks whichwere sent over recently for the use of theofficers and men on duty there. Thebowls were a gift from the clubs in theDunedin centre. Major Richardson addsthat there are two bowling greens, ready-one at the wireless station and one atApia. The game has taken on well. It isa suitable pastime for the climate, whichdoes not permit of more strenuous games,such as tennis, being played_ .

HARRIERS.

The Dunedin Anglican Harriers fan fromAll Saints' Schoolroom a.s guests of the young-ladies of the parish. The pack went throughOpoho and up the slopes of Pine Hill, finallycoming out at the Fever Hospital. After therun the members were hospitably entertainedat tea, and an enjoyable evening was spent.

The Pacific Harriers held their senior andjunior championships at Wingatui. In thefive-mile (senior), Hill, running his usual con-sistent race, won comfortably, with Douglassecond and first in sealed handicap, PimLeythird. Time, 31min Bsec. In the 2£-niile(junior) a good race was provided. On cross-.ing the ditch cutting the course Grey wasleading, M'Allen second. Grey reached thetape 10 yards ahead of M'Allen, the rest ofthe field well up. Time, 14min 24sec. M'ln-doe (lruin lOsec) won the sealed handicap.GTey ran an excellent race.

The Civil Service Harriers held a successfulsports meeting at Forbury Park. Results:Half-mile handicap—G. "Watson (50yds) 1, D.Lister (scratch) 2. Hop, step, and jump—R.M'Donald) 1, A. Gillespie 2. Putting theshot—A. Gillespie 1, D. Lister 2. Broadjump—R. M'Donald 1, G. Watson 2, A. Gil-lespie 3.

The St. Hilda. Harriers held their secondsports meeting at Forbury Park, the trackbeing in splendid condition. The followingare the results- —440 yards—R. Moir (55yds)1, J. Boardinan (50yds) and A. Cole (40yds)equal 2. Moir, who was in fine form, imme-diately took the lea-d and maintained it tothe cr.d!. There was an exciting finish forsecond place. One mile—W. Leoffler (75yds)1, F. Morice (scratch) 2, R. Heatley. (60yds)3. Leoffler, a. first-year runner of promise,ran a well-judged race and beat Morice ina good finish by about 10 yards. Hop, step,and jump—R. Moir (3ft) 1, F. Morice (scratch)2.

HOCKEY.

LADIES' SEVEGST-A-SIDE TOURNAMENT.A successful seven-a<-side tournament for

B and G. Grade teams wfl« held on theOval on Saturday. AH the games werekeenly contested, the final match. Taieri Iv. Otago, being1 particularly fast and open.The executive- was -very ably assisted byMessrs H. W. Lornias and C. Gox, who actedas referees for all the games throughout theafternoon. The following are the results :

First Round.—Taieri II 1 goal. Normalnil; High School I 8 goals, Waiata nil;Otago 5 goals, High School II nil; St.Hilda's 2 goals, Ravenebcurno 1; Taieri I6 goals, Moruona nil; St. Joseph's, a bye.

Second Round.—Taieri II 1 goal, St.

Joseph's nil; Otago 4 goals, High School Inil; Taieri I 3 goals, St. Hilda's nil.

Third Round. —Otago 1 goal, Taieri II nil;Taieii I a bye.

Pinal.—Taieri I 1 goal, beat Otago nil.

AUCKLAND v. CANTERBURY.CHRISTCHURCH, August 31.

The representative hockey match, Aucklandv. Canterbury, was won by Canterbury by 3goals to nil after a fast, exciting game.Patrick, H. Bell, and Beaton scored fox Can-terbury.

BOWLING.NEW ZEALAND ASSOCIATION.

The fifth annual report states that the num-ber of centres affiliated to the association is17, eight of which are in the. North Islandand nine in the South. On account of twocentres failing to send in returns, it is. im-possible to give definite figures, but, assum-ing in these two oases that the number ofclubs and their membership are the eame aslast year, the total number of bowlers forthe dominion would be 10,684.' This year'sfigures would therefore read 220 clubs, .10,684members, as against last year's total of' 215clubs and 10,433 members. The returns lastyear, however, were not complete for a similarreason. The credit balance at the bank atthe opening of the year was £B7 17s 4d, andat the close it is £144 Is 7d. The amountwould have been much larger had all thecentres paid their levies, ' but two (NorthOtago and Manawatu), and two clubs in theSouthland Centre (Otautau and Winton) haveso far failed to do so.

During the past season the splendid workof the various patriotic bodies was heartilyrecognised by bowlers. A bowleiV patrioticeffort was launched in Dunedin prior to thetournament, and, owing to the enthusiasticsupport of the clubs in the Dunedin Centre,the large sum of £lsßl 18s lid was dis-tributed amongst local patriotic societies.That other centres have been equally helpfulis demonstrated by the following lists ofamotmts raised during last season:—Welling-ton Centre, £B3l 10s 8d; South AucklandCentre, £251 3s lOd; Gore Club, £l4O 16s;Taranaki Centre, £125; Christchurch Centre,£56 10s; South Canterbury .Centre, £33 6sBd. From information received from someof the smaller centres, it appears that thoconstitution of the association, particularlyin the direction of representation on thecouncil, is not giving complete satisfaction.It is intended to ask each centre to send adelegate who knows the mind of his centreon the matter to the next tournament for thepurpose of conferring with the council onthis subject. The headquarters for the en-suing year will be at Auckland.

The membership of the clubs in theDunedin, North Otago, South Otago, South-land, and South Canterbury Centres is givenas follows:

Dunedin.—Balmacewen, 84; Caledonian, 82;Caversham, 55; Dunedin, 142; Fairfield, 14;Green Island, 51; Kaikorai, 63; Kaituna, 70;Mornington, 50; North-East Valley, 54; Otago,60; Outram, 15; Port Chalmers, 58; Roslyn54 ; Seacliff, 42 ; St. Clair, 71; St. Kilda, 104 ;

Taieri, 60; Wakari, 24; Waikouaiti, 18; WestHarbour, 28. Total (21 clubs), 1199.

North Otago.—Meadiowbank, 23; Palmers-ton, 40; Phoenix, 63. Total (three clubs),126.

South Otago.—Balclutha, 40; Benhar, 10;Clinton, 22; Kaitangata, 22; Milton, 26;Stirling, 14; Tapanui, 24; Tuapeka, 25; Wai-taliuna, 20. Total (nine clubs), 203.

Southland.—Aparima, 23; Bluff, 25; Gore,35; Hokonui, 83; Invercargill, 45; Mataura,28; North End, 60; Orepuki, 15; Otautau,

57- Wakatipu, 20; Winton, 17; Woodlands,19; Wyndham, 20. Total (16 clubs), 493.

South Canterbury.—Geraldine, 20; Kia Toa,50; Park, 45; Temuka, 30; Timaru, 89; Wai-mate, 54; West End, 43. Total (seven clubs),331.

FOOTBALL.OTAGO v. SOUTHLAND.

On Saturday afternoon the representativematch between Otago and. Southland wasplayed at the. Caledonian Ground, in dullweather, before an attendance of about 3000people. This is the first time since 1913 thata. Southland representative team has playedin Dunedin. The Reds kicked off from thesouth end, Otago having the assistance, of avery slight breeze. The Red forwardsat once set up a brisk attack, the Blue for-wards playing in a rather lifeless manner.Campbell, the big Otago forward, broughtrelief to his side by a Jong line kick, andan attempt at passing by the Blue backsbroke down. Campbell had an unsuccess-ful shot, • at goal from a free kick, andO’Connor, on the wing, was well tackled andthrown into touch by Scully, the Reds’ fullback, when ho was close to the line. Bondbadly misjudged a hard kick, and a coupleof Red forwards, following up well, werealmost over, a speculator saving the BluedMatheson got the ball from a scrum, andpassing between Jeffs, M’Donald, Valintine,and O’Connor, saw the Blues in a good at-tacking position. The Red forwards, withLindsay, Budd, Roche, and-Sparks in-'thevan, rushed the ball to the centre, wherea lot of line play took place. The. Otagoforwards were now playing with more com-bination. Church led a Blue forward rush,and Matheson punted well down the line.Shortly after, passing between Matheson,Jeffs, and O’Connor resulted in a score, theUniversity wing three-quarter go:ug over atthe corner. Campbell, the left-foot placekicker, failed in the attempt at goal. Churchshowed up for Otago, and Budd and Sparkscame back at the head of a rush of Redforwards. Matheson marked off 30 yardswith a beautiful line kick, but solid playby SJiand and Grieve relieved the Reds,and Scully—who played a sound game atfull-back—just missed registering a goal forhis side with a fine kick from a penalty.Bond, Grieve, and Jeffs had an exchange ofkicks, and the ball went out at the half-way.Grieve and Shand went down to a dashby the Blue forwards in plucky style, andMatheson was loudly applauded for findingthe line well into the Reds’ territory. Froma scrum Matheson sent the ball out toJeffs, who passed to O’Connor, who scoredhis second try, wide out, Campbell kicking afine goal. Shortly after, smart backing upby M'Donald caused Southland to force.

Something appeared to go wrong with theBlue forwards in the second half—two orthree of them could not have been doingtheir share in the serums—and for the first80 minutes the Reds' forwards pressed themhard, the efforts of the Southlandexs, how-ever, being completely nullified when theytried passing among their backs. Grieveand Shand—the latter the best back on hisside—helped their forwards materially byline kicking, and Shand then marked in agood position, Grieve making no mistakewith the shot at goal. The Reds againpressed, and Long, on the wing, made a goodrun, but was thrown out by Bond, whoseplay had now improved. Scrambling playeiisued, and Todd, who missed a bad pass,recovered himself just in time to force downin the face of the Southland forwards.O’Connor collared Cosgrove when the Redthree-quarter was looking dangerous, ' andValintine livened matters up by runningclean through to Scully, who brought himdown with a vigorous tackle, , The Blueshad now, for the first time in the spell,reached their opponents’ twenty-five, andCampbell kicked .a goal from a free kick.A likely chance to score was lost by M‘Bonaldagain hanging on to the ball too' long.Sparks, Lindsay, and Winter headed acounter-attack, and Scully just missed agoal kick from a penalty. In the dyingstages of the game Church was almost over,Grieve snapping up a mark on the goalline. Otago won by 11 points to 8 points.Scully, Grieve, and Shand were the bestof the Southland backs. Grieve, however,was rather slow" in getting the ball awayfrom the scrum. The Red rearguard badlylacked combination. The forwards were .akeen, dashing lot, but could Hot finish offtheir rushes. Lindsay and Winter playedwell in the front rank, and Sparks, Roche,and Budd formed a trio of hefty forwards,who made every use of their weight. Onthe Blues’ side Bond (full-back) was veryerratic for a start, but improved in thesecond half. Both Todd and O’Connor,, onthe wings, played well, and Valintine, in thecentre, gave a' very sound exhibition. Jeffswas in good form in the first half, butslowed down a little in the second spell afterhe had been temporarily laid out. M’Donald,at outside five-eighths, played well in patches,but was inclined to hold on to the ball toolong. Matheson, at scrum half, repeatedlysaved his side by his kicking. He has, un-fortunately, developed the habit of standingup before sending the bull away from thescrum; but apart from this fault it couldnot be said that he had the ball heeledout to him with much despatch, at anystage of the game. Nevertheless he playeda fine game for his side. As already stated,the, play of the forwards, taking . it allthrough, left something to be desired. There■was very little difference in the aggregateweights of the respective forward sides, andthe only conclusion that must be come tois that some of the Blue forwards were notdoing their fair share of work in the scrums,or else they were not worthy of representa-tive honours. The heeling out generallywas slovenly, and the forwards did not comeaway very often in the rushes with muchcombination, one or two men being outfrom the others. The Otago forward playwill have to improve if the backs are to begiven a fair chance in the match againstCanterbury. Mr G. M’Kenzie was releree.

SCHOOL MATCH.The match between the representative team

of the Dunedin primary schools and a teamfrom the High School was played on theCaledonian Ground on Saturday, and re-sulted in a win for the Primary Schools’Fifteen by 17 points to 3. Proctor, MTvor,Rogers, Nelson, and Hill scored for the re-presentative team, Rogers converting one ofthe tries. Mr Bremner acted as referee.

PRIMARY SCHOOLS MATCH.INVERCARGILL, August 23.

The primary schools representative Rugbygame, Otago v. Southland, resulted in awin for the home team by 8 points (a con-verted try and a try) to nil.

CANTERBURY v. WELLINGTON.WELLINGTON, August 31.

The Canterbury-Wellington match, playedat Athletic Park, attracted a large attend-ance. The game was fairly closely contested,but Wellington showed an all-round supe-riority which told in the end. The first spellended in favour of Canterbury by 8 pointsto 7. Early in the game Wellington ma.de mis-takes and gave .Canterbury opportunities, whichthey made some use of. When in the Welling-ton'twenty-five Canterbury launched a passingattack, from which Mullins scored! a fine try.No goal resulted. .Within a few minutes Can-terbury were over again, Cowan scoring.

M'Leod converted. The Wellington backsgave some good exhibitions of paasifi,"?, huttho work lacked the finish from which scoresare obtained, and not until near the c-nse ofthe spell did they open their account. Wel-lington's first try was obtained'' by Scott(forward), who folio-wed lip a good cenf-ringkiok and scored. The try was unconver'tod.Wellington's only other scoto in this halfwag a potted goal by Nicholls- from a longway out—a beautiful kick. Early in thesecond spell Wellington resorted to passingmovements, and this form of attack they keptgoing almost to. the end. Canterbury werepenalised in front of their own posts, andNicholls kicked a goal. Wellington immedi-ately resumed the attack, and Morris woundup a passing rush by outpacing the opposi-tion and scoring near the posts. Nichollskicked .a goal. Canterbury rallied at times,but Wellington held them safe, and from asmart passing rush Thomas scored. No goalresulted. Tho game ended—Wellington 18points, Canterbury 8 points.

AUCKLAND GRAMMAR. SCHOOL v. TEAUTE COLLEGE.

NAPIER, August 81.The match, Auckland Grammar School v.Te Aute College, was played at M'Lean

Park to-day in fine weather and under perfectconditions. A fine spectacular, fast gamethroughout, the game was characterised bysparkling, open play by the Auckland boys,whose perfect unity of action quite outclassedtheir opponents. The game was played underthe new Auckland system. Auckland won by26 rjoints to 3. Tries were scored by Badely(2), Grierson, Taylor, Porter, Kronfeldt, andHardy, one of which wa-% converted byM'Cullough, who also kicked a penalty goal.Te Aute scored from a penalty kick. Thevisitors will play Napier High .School OldBoys on Monday.

HIGH SCHOOLS' TOURNAMENT.INVERCARGILL, August 31.

The first round of the High Schools' footballtournament was held' to-day under very unfav-ourable conditions.' The ball was wet andgreasy, which prevented much back play, thegames contested being mainly of a forwardnature. Southland High School beat OtagoHigh School by 6 points (two tries) to 6 points(a conve-ted try).' The Otago backs showedflashes of clever combined play, but theSouthland forwards dominated the game.

Tirnaru beat Chriatchurch High School by6 points (an unconverted try and a penaltygoal) to 3 points (an unconverted try). Playwas very even, but the Timaru forwards wereconsiderably stronger. The Christchurchbacks are apparently a clever combination.

LEAGUE MATCH.CHRISTCHURCH, August 31.

In a match under the League code to-dayPonsonby Club (Auckland) defeated Syden-ham Club (Christchui-ch) by 11 points to nil.Rae, Walsh, and Matthews scored tries forthe visitors, .and Maddison kicked a goalfrom a free kick.

APPLICATION FOR MODIFIED RULES.WELLINGTON", August 1.

The. loc~l Rugby Union applied to theNew Zealand Rugby Union for permissionto play Auckland under modified rules,which were used 'at the latter place, ' andwhich formed the subject of discussion atthe last meeting of the New ZealandUnion. The. latter have replied that theyhave no option but to adhere strictly to theconstitution, and they cannot agree to therequest. They pointed out that one ofthe suggested modifications was expresslyrejected by the delegates to the New Zea-land Union last year.

INTER-COLLEGE TOURNAMENT.WANGANUI, August 28.

The second game of the annual inter-college football tournament was played to-day, when, after a fast, and exceedingly hardgame, Wellington College defeated Christ'sCollege by 6 points to 3.

WANGANUI, August 30.The annual iriter-college tournament was

concluded to-day, when Wellington Collegedefeated Wanganui Collegiate School by 13points to 11, after a fast and exciting game.There was a record attendance. Theweather was fine and the ground in excel-lent order. For Wellington, Ward andNichol scored tries, both being convertedby Nicholls, who also kicked a goal frorna mark. For Wanganui, Bryce scored aftera sensational run, and Glasgow and Weekesalso scored, one try being converted byStewart. Some brilliant back play waswitnessed, Ward (Wellington) and Bryce(Wanganui) each running right through theopposition.

SECONDARY SCHOOLS MATCH.NEW PLYMOUTH, August 28.

The third match of the school tournamenttook place to-day, when Nelson College metHigh School. A splendidly contested gameresulted in the visitors winning -by 13 points(three tries, scored by Mills 2 and Aindy—twoconverted) to 9 points (two penalty goals andone try). The local team lost a certain scoreby Beckbessinger losing the ball behind theposts when' touching down.

CANTERBURY v.'TRENTHAM.WELLINGTON, September. 2.

The Canterbury touring team played aTrantham Camp team to-day in wet weather.The visitors showed improved form on thatof Saturday, while Trentham was not at itsfull strength. Canterbury won by 27 pointsto 12, having all the best of the play. Athalf-time the score was 19 points to nil infavour of Canterbury, the scores being twotries by M'Leod, one by Hegarty, and oneby Boag. M'Leod converted two of thetries and kicked a penalty goal. In thesecond spell M'Leod scored two tries, con-verting one. For- Trentham tries weresecured by Milliken, Cowie, and Packer, andRoberts kicked a penalty goal.

CANTERBURY v. OTAGO.The following team has been selected to

represent Otago against.Canterbury on Satur-day at Carisbrook :

Full-back—Macky.Three-quarters O'Connor, Valentine,

Todd.Five-eighths—M'Donald, Jeffs.Half-back—Matheson.Forwards—Bain, Mitchell. Irvine, Camp-

bell, Church, Glendining, Duncan, Hutchi-son.

Emergencies—Marston, Begg, Patrick,Fairmaid.

The team is requested to attend trainingon Tuesday and Thursday evenings at 5.15at the Caledonian Ground.

OTAGO RUGBY UNION.A meeting of the executive of the Otago

Rugbv Football Union was held on tho let.-Mr v. G. Cavaiiagh presided.

Mr M. Faigan {Miller's Flat) wrote thatit had-been suggested to. bring to town a

team to play a team of returned soldiers andcommercial travellers. He asked if thounion was prepared to assist, in arranging apatriotic sovcii-a-side tournament, open tocountry players.—lt was resolved that thomatter be left in tho hands of Messrs SandeSand Harris and tho sub-conunitteo to dealwith.

ASSOCIATION.

SENIOR "KNOCK-OUT" COMPETITION.,The first round of the Association " Knock--

out" Competition produced some interesting.'and unexpected results. The competition isfor all senior teams, and each retires as it-is- beaten. To make the gam© faster thefrules have been varied for this competitionsby awarding a free kick against the sid&-'kicking out, and providing that in the eventof a drawn game the side conceding the fewee.'comer kicks shall bo declared the winner;.These provisions had the desired effect offkeeping the ball in play. A feature of thtfround was the defeat of the premiership winJ*-ners and the runuers-Up, Southern and Moruy-ington respectively. Old Boys beat Morning-ton by 2 goals to 1, and for the secondtime -this year High School beat Southern by;4 goals to 1. Northern defeased Christiait 'Brothers by 6 goals to 2. and Green Island"beat Maori Hill by 8 goals to nil.

-SECOND GRA.DE <*'KNOCK-OUT." iAfter a remarkable succession of dtrawn- |

games Post and Telegraph beat Southern by )2 goals to 1, and will therefore play off withtNorthern for the trophy.

THIRD GRADE PREMIERSHIP. "

)In the final for the Third Grade CuW

Northern beat Old Boys by 3 goalß to itifl ■and thus win the cup, with Old Boys runners*-;'up, a point behindi Of 15 matches Northern.!won 11, drew 3, and lost 1, scoring 41and having only 5 against—a testimony tofjthe reliability of their alert little goal-keeperf,|Reddington. Old Boys won 10 games, drew.4, lost 1, and had a goal record of 43 for andf'A17 against. Christian Brotliers come third£ "1having played 14, won 7, drawn 3, and lostf'4, with 23 goals for and 10 against. . j

FOURTH GRADE -KNOCK-OUT." . jChristian Brothers beat Y.M.C.A. B teauil /

by I goal to nil. - ,'\"Y.M.C.A. A team beat Christian Brothers?" \

School team by 2 goals to .1. *

SCHOOL MATCHES. ' JB Grade.—Christian Brothers defeated

High School by 6 goals to nil.C Grade.—Christian - Brothers C defeated ,

Ravensbourne by 1 goal to nil. L. RoughaxEscored. \

Christian Brothers D defeated Green Islandby 1 goal to nil. M. Wakelia scored..

OTAGO EDUCATIONALINSTITUTE

At the. monthly meeting of the women'sbranch of the "above institute the sub-ject discussed -was: "Should DomesticScience be taught in otir Primary "Schools?? k -Papers were read by Mrs Alexander (Mac*-andrew ptoad) and Miss Robertson (Green;Island). One country member (MisaM'lvory Gimmerburn) contributed a paper,,which was much appreciated by the meet-ing. Mrs Alexander - dealt with: the sub-ject in a most comprehensive Avay: Th«domestic scientist, she aid, should knowrhow to choose a site'for a house, hovy COplan a building; how to ventilate, lightsheat, and keep it clean; how to cook for?the occupants; the relative values of food!stuffs; how to tend minor ailments; howlto use a- needle and thread; lastly, and!most important of all, how to combine allthese details so that the machinery of houseshold affairs may not be too much inevidence. In a word, the knowledge- oidomestic science made for a happy and in-telligent home or family life.

_

ilence theimportance of training our girls in thatscience. Many argued that the trainingshould be given in the home. But had'the mother herself been trained? In hometeaching, too, the "how" might be taughttaccuratel'v enough, but the " why" was aptto be omitted. Simply to -know how to doa thing made the work- drudgery, to knoyfiwhy it was so done made it a pleasure*If there was to be a school training, when:should it begin? The sooner the better,as what was learnt early became part andparcel of a girl's life. In the time attheir disposal, our cookery teachers weredoing good work in our technical schoolsvBut this was not sufficient; theory and prac-tice must go hand in hand. Our schoolswould require to have large kitchens, pro-perly eciuipped, and either our primary-school teachers should have special trainingor domestic science teachers should be ap-pointed. A place on the syllabus Would!be another difficulty. The speaker was ofopinion that nothing should be left out,but that the introduction of domestic train-ing into a- girl's life would break themonotony and provide her with an outle*for those gifts bestowed upon her by;Nature.

Mi6s Robertson's paper traversed muchthe same arguments and stated similar con-clusions. ,

Miss MTvor's paper dealt with whatmight be done by the country teacher,without up-to-date cookery rooms, and em-phasised the fact that much might be ac-complished if the co-operation of parentswas obtained and the theory taught atschool while the home served as a prac-tising ground.

September 4, 1918. OTAGO WITNESS. 41

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I/or.don papers all record the visit of MrMasscy to his son, Major GeorgoM.C., in hospital, but it is not generallyknown how near a shave the major had.His recovery is considered by the medicalofficers at Brockcnhurst as almost a miracle,for a bullet went through his body, pene-trating both lungs.

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rack you to pieces and keep you awakaat night, can bo quickly relieved by 10or 15 drops of bitrate of tar on a lump;of sugar, and letting it slowly dissolve inthe mouth. The specialist who recommendsthis plan says it is superior to anythinghe has ever tried, and may be used with'perfect safety and success on children. T«make an excellent, inexpensive cough syrupwhich children like, he says there is northing better at any price than £lb ofgranulated sugar dissolved in half a pint ofhot water, and then stir in 2oz of Ditraloof tar. When cool pour into a pint bottle,and' it is ready for use. From half a tearspoonful to a teaepoonfnl every hour ortwo will quickly relieve coughs and colds,and if regularly used -for a few days willgivo remarkable benefit in cases oBcatarrhal and bronchial affections. 4

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SPORTING.RACING CALENDAR.

September 4.—Marton meeting.September 11.—Dannevirke meeting.September 12.—Amberley meeting.September 19.—Egmont meeting.September 19, 20.—Ashburton meeting.September 26. —Geraldine meeting.October 3.—Rurow annual meeting.October 11, 12.—Dunedin spring meeting.

NOMINATIONS.September s.—Geraldine meeting.September 9.—Kurow annual meeting.September 20.—Dimedin Spring meeting.

HANDICAPS. "

September 7.—Ashburton meeting.September 14.—Geraldine meeting.September 21.—Kurow meeting.September 28.—Dunedin Spring meeting.

ACCEPTANCES. _September 11.—Ashburton meeting.September 21,—Geraldine meeting.September 25.—Kurow meeting.October 4.—Dunedin Spring meeting. >

TALK OF THE DAY.Bj Sentinel

THE NEW ZEALAND CUP.A nlaterial alteration has been made to

the penalty conditions attached to the NewZealand Cup, which should not only provevery beneficial to the race itself, but shouldalso open the door to progress in connec-tion with the early spring programmespreceding the big event ot Riccarton. Informer years- a horse incurred a penalty forthe New Zealand Cup for winning prac-tically nothing from either a financial pointof view or, what is more invportant still,an obvious improvement in form or racingmerit. The same remark applies to otherimportant handicaps decided at Riccartonand other metropolitan tracks. A few j'earsago the penalty conditions attached to theNew Zealand Cup imposed a penalty of 51bon any winner of a race with lOOsovs afterthe declaration of handicaps for Riccartonor a penalty of 71b on winners of any raceor races collectively with 200sovs. As thomodern itlefl, of training seems to think itabsolutely necessary for a horse to have asharpening run or two in publio prior tofulfilling its most important engagement,such penalty conditions were really detri-mental to the best interests of sport—atleast, as far as the early spring meetingswere concerned. No owner or trainer whohas studied the relative value of weight

and distance is inclined to automaticallyincrease a horse's burden for such a raceas the New Zealand Cup, and hence a horsewith a chance in the two-mile handicap wasbettor served by being kept in his box or,worse still, given a race or two whilst stillbeing short of sufficient work to give acorrect demonstration of form. In otherwords, owners wore tempted to race a horseinto condition instead of starting them whenfit and ready to race. There is, however,no desire to labour that aspect of_ thequestion. The writer has harped upon it foryears and years. The next New ZealandCup carries penalty conditions whicha horse to win up to 250sovs before gain-ing a 51b penalty. This stands as a vastimprovement, but still does not go farenough. It is, or should be. freely recog-nised that many, horses capable of winningup to a mile or mile and a-quarter, oreven up to 12 furlongs, cannot stay overtwo miles in a solidly-run race; henee.it isvery important indeed that distance evenmore than financial success should be thedeciding factor in determining penalties forsuch a' race as the New Zealand Cup.We have so very few handicaps decidedover a distance of ground that form overa short course should not severely penalisea horse for n race over, a long course.Still, the Canterbury JockeyClub has_ strucka progressive note in connection with the

, next Cup, and it should materially increasethe interest in the early spring meetings.Before, however, concluding comment onthe matter,. the writer cannot help drop-ping a word of regret that the financialstrength and attractiveness of the race*was

i not increased so as to make it the domi-; nant. event from all points of view in the

) Racine; Calendar. Sporting sentiment makesone' look towards the New Zealand Cupproviding the great event of the season.It still occupies that position,'but the writerhas been hoping and hoping that the NewZealand Cup would dwarf every other eventin the Dominion in a financial as well asa sporting prominence in our world of sport.

THE TROTTING'CUP.Th> writer is inclined to tho opinion

that it is a mistaken idea to restrict theright of entry for the New Zealand Trot-ting Cup to horses eligible only by publicperformance or handicap. The existingidea ;s of course, to keep the size of th/3ficlr. within the bounds of safety, and ina sense provide a display of the quintes-sence of light-harness form. The idea- isa vary good one, but it really panders tothe worst feature identified with light-harness racing, and that is, that an ownershould never allow a horse to display thetop of its .form in a high-class event untilit has exploited all the slower-class eventsthat can be picked up. Such a state of'affairs does not ctand"for good sportsman-ship, and whilst it continues the trotterand pacer will never rival the thorough-bred from a sporting point of view eventhough stakes provided for this so-calledutility horse outshine the prize-money onoffer for competition amongst the flatracers. A so-called sport based on purely

i financial considerations and foundation isnot a sport at all, and anyone conversantwith light-harness racing will not deny thatfinance is a wither too dominant keynote

. in the trotting) and pacing world. The in-troduction of classic events during recentyears supplies a great stimulant to sport-ing sentiment amongst breeders and ownersof light-harness -racers, because they in-duce an early demonstration of form with-out the waiting for the gradual improve-ment in public which marks progress fromcart-horse to Carbine racing merit. TheNew Zealand Trotting Cup. worth 2500sovs,can only draw an entry of 16; -but surelythat is not the. limit number of high-classSteppers • amongst the many hundreds incommission. No doubt there are a fewmore; but sense rather than sentimentdominates the" situation', and hence thogeneral policv-of endeavouring to win inslow time before winning in fast. On thaother hand, the rich classic events hung up'or the thoroughbred calls for an earlydisplay of merit, which is thus not hidunder a bushel until the last possiblemoment. Perhaps in the distant futui'olight-harness racing will be conducted on

same lines as flat racing, and whenthat it so it will reach a plane unapproach-able under the present syftem.

THE LATE MR J. H. POLLOCK.The death of Mr J. H. Pollock removes

! a figure that was for very many yearswell known in the sporting world. Hisconnection with the turf dated back to 1868,when he rode at the Silverstrcam race meet-ing got up in honour of the Duke of Edin-burgh's visit to Dunedin. Mr Pollock alsorode in the first hurdle race ever run atForbury Park, and for many years after-wards generally owned a horse or two. Hesubsequently settled is the Noth Island, andin 1882 he was second on the list of win-ning owners. In more recent years MrPollock became well known as a handi-capper, and was also prominently identifiedwith, trotting. He was weight-adjuster tothe Wellington Racing Club, and otherclubs up to the time his health broke upsome few years ago, and even after he fellill continued to take a keen interest in sport.xlt is interesting to recall that Mr Pol-lock's parents were amongst the_ pioneersof Otago, and came out in the Philip Laingin 1848. Mr Pollock, sen., went in fora cattle run, and his son became a boun-dary rider as soon as he could sit in asaddle, and thus early became interested -in horses. Mr J. H. Pollock will be greatlymissed by a wide circle of friends whoregret, that another of the old-time sports-

i men has crossed tho Great Divide.

THE IBEX CASE.Tho Ibex case is travelling from a ques-

tion of racing morality to a question ofracing law. Some of the critics are claim-ing that as Ibex was automatically disquali-fied when his former owner, A. Hall, fellunder tho ban, it must necessarily followthat any prize money won by the horsesubsequent to running at tho Manawaiumeeting must bo forfeited. The writer is notinclined to agree with that opinion. Thoseholding the opinion that tho owner of Ibexforfeits the' fruits of any success the horsehas achieved apparently base their ver-dict on the rule dealing with objections toa winner or a placed horse. There wasno objection lodged against Ibex, and hiscase stands in a different light from v.l.athe would bo if disqualified under partXXXI. rule 16. ' In a case where an ob-jection has been successfully lodged a horsebecomes unplaced and the others moved upaccordingly, but no objection was lodgedagainst Ibex. His running formed the basisof an inquiry not at all connected with anobjection, an'd Ibex was entitled to run andreceive any stakes won up to the time hisowner's disqualification was endorsed. Rule8 of part XXXI states that "every de-cision of the stewards or committee of a

club shall, in so far as its result, debarsa jockey from riding, take effect forth-with, and 'have effect for 14- days there-after, unless meanwhile it be disproved ofby tho District Committee. No decision ofthe stewards or committee of any club im-posing any disqualification, suspension, orfino shall in any other respect have anyeffect unless and until it has been approvedby the District Committee, except only inso far as may be necessary for tho pur-poses of any race meeting actually briingheld by the club at the time when it isimposed." Ibex was not disqualified at theManawatu meeting, but at a considerablylater date, when his former owner,. A. Hail,became disqualified. Until Hall was disquali-fied and the punishment endorsed by theDistrict Committee Ibex was eligible torace. So much seems very obvious, other-wise the horse would not have been allowedto start; hence tho present owner is en-titled to retain any money won betweenthe time of the Manawatu, meeting and thetime when Hall was disqualified. The factthat Hall's disqualification dates back to theManawatu meeting does not override theRules of Racing bearing on the point.Under the Rules of Racing Ibex was en-titled to contest any race up to the timea disqualification was imposed on his for-mer owner, and would be repugnant tocommon sense to debar a horse from gain-ing or winning place money so long _ashe is eligible to run, and whilst doingso does not transgress against the rules.Ibex was eligible to run, and the ruleswould require to be radically wrong if a,horse to all intents and purposes quali-fied to race can be deprived of the fruitsof success or partial success even if thesword of Damocles is meanwhile hangingover a former owner's head. If an objec-tion was pending against Ibex "the questionwould bear a totally different aspect.

THE ODD MONEYWhen commenting on the appointment

of totalisator inspectors it was remarkedthat anyone interested in racing would bequite satisfied with the Hon. Mr Russell'saction in that direction provided it did, notopen the door to further interference withthe management of the sport. The ap-pointment of an inspector, however, ap-parently made the Minister of InternalAffairs aware for the first time that thehandling and rehandling of totalisator in-vestments inevitably created fractions ofodd money, which, if lost to the public,was not necessarily lost to the maintenanceof racing. The odd money no doubt mayamount to a by no means paltry amountin connection with a big meeting; but itmust not be imagined for one momentthat the money blew over the fence andwas absolutely lost for ever. _ No racingprogramme is passed unless it is accom-panied by a properly-audited balance sheetof' previous operations, and thus the oddmoney goes to the general fund of a club.Mr Russell apparently thinks the oddmoney belongs to neither a club nor itspatrons, and contemplates getting hold ofit for some more or less deserving object.He is evidently not aware, or does notcare, if the clubs are struggling to makeboth ends meet -under existing ■ • circum-stances, and in some cases have been actu-ally carrying on at a. loss. Hence thefractions aro regarded as a very welcomeassistance towards revenue, particularlywith those clubs who are struggling torexistence, and perhaps, in addition iocarrying on at a loss, may be handicappedwith liabilities undertaken _ with _ confidencoin the conditions which existed in the pre-war clays. The lacing oublie has noyefmade any fuss over fractions since divi-dends wer> payable to the sixpence, andto go further would necessitate a, cartloadof pennies and trmall change being takenfrom meeting to meeting. The losersdon't worry about fractions, and the win-ners are not disposed to haggle over afew extra pence that might be attachedto a dividend. The money is. not toracing, and with that knowledge the racingpublic is content with the, existing stateof affairs. Mr Russell, however, seeminglyintends to grasp the money from its right-ful owners, the racing public, and bestowit elsewhere. He contemplates purchasingpolitical popularity with other people'smoney, but it has yet to be learnt by whatright he or any other ;parliamentarian cansay to a section of the public, dareyou have so much money?" and use it forany other purpose besides that in whichthe public are satisfied to invest of theirown free will

IN A NUTSHELL.—lt has been decided to give Yellow-and-

Black a spell.The speedy gelding Tantalus is again in

work at lliccarton.Nominations for the Geraldine meeting

are due on Thursday of this week.Stepdancer, the dam, of Warstep, is to

be again bred to Martian this season.Disdainful is reported to have beaten

Adjutant over a mile on Saturday morning.Handicaps for the New Zealand Trot-

ting Cup, of 2500sovs, are due on. September9.

Art has been kept fairly active on thetrack since racing at the Grand Nationalmeeting.

The annual meeting of tho SouthlandRacing Club takes place on Friday, Sep-tember 6.

—ln all probability Mr T. H. Lowry willstart both Finmark and Killowen in theA.J.C. Derby.

—K. Bracken has accepted a retainer toride the Nevv Zealand colt Almoner in theA.J.C. Derby.

Erin's King has joined A. Hendricksen'est.ablos to be prepared* for the New ZealandTrotting Cup.

Nominations are due on Monday next,September 9, for the Kurow Jockey Club'sspring meeting.

Bon Spec, who won nicely at the NorthOtago winter meeting, is doing well in hiswork at Riccarton.

Both the Great Northern Steeples andtho Great Northern Hurdles will be worth1500sovs this season.

Gamecock has been "added to the list,"and after a spoil may race more in keepingwith his early form.

The New Zealand Cup winner Merc-ians is going on nicely in his preparationfor the coming season.

Supplementary inspectors are to be ap-pointed to supervise the registration of in-vestments on the tctalisator.

Belaix is reported to be shaping nicslyin her work, and is expected to run wellat some of the spring meetings.

The crack colt of the period, Gains-borough, measured a fraction over 15.2 whenhe won the 'Two Thousand Guineas.

Handicaps for the first day of the Ash-burton spring meeting are due on September7, and acceptances on September 11.

—Dr J. B. Rogers has experienced apiece of bad luck through Redstart losingher foal by the imported horse Markhope,

Friday of thig week is an importantdate for owners and breeders, as nominationsfall duo for several important classic events.

J. Bridges will again have charge ofMr T. H. Lovvry's horses whilst P. Davisis absent in Australia with Desert Gold andCo.

New Zealand Racing Clubs is negotiatingfor the New Zealand rights of the Juliustotalisator.

Tho next Auckland Cup will be worth275050v5, of which 2000sovs goes to th©winner, 500sovs to th© second, and 250sovsto the third horse.

Th© Southland Racing Club has amembership of 187, and 20 of that numberare now or have been engaged in activeservice at the war.

During R. O'Donriell's absence in Aus-tralia, Mr G. L. Stead has made arrange-ments with M. Hobbs to train the Nassau—

Pedometer colt Surveyor.The American-bred stallion Marvin

Wilkes and Young M'Kinney are advertisedto stand the season at their owners' placesat North road, Oamaru.

The Auckland Racing Club will dis-tribute 37,00050vs in stakes this season. Thisamount represents an increase of 245050vsover last season's figures.

The Wellington Club will in-crease the prize money at tho spring meet-ing by 400sovs. Th© Wellington Handicapis to be increased from 500sovs to GSOsrvs.

Rangi Thompson received a fee of £6210s for winning the Grand National Steepleson St. Elmn, and it was further supple-mented' by a substantial gift from the owner.

Mr A. Yuille has been elected a lifemember of the Victoria Racing Cllub. MrYuille was a member of the committee for26 years, and acted as hon. treasurer for22 years.

£3OOO was taken out to cover Almoner whileon the voyage to Sydney. Desert Gold issaid to have been- insured for nearly doublethat amount.

Sleight of Hand is to be treated to agood spell, which it is hoped will buildhim up again to stand a preparation, en-abling the Mystification gelding to reproducehis best form.

J.< Stewart lias taken over Mr Messant'sstables at Mosgiel, and will in future trainMr Wolseley Kain's team from that centre.At presont only Marsa and _ the Calibreyoungster are in active commission.

C. Christie has secured Mr M'Laughlin'sstables at Wingatui, and will make themhis headquarters. The stables are closelyF-ituatcd to the racecourse, and that import-ant point is a big asset in their favour.

Scornful, Alquidus, Tremena,.. Disdain-ful, Kilrush, Bon Spec, Bolair, Subterfuge,Daytime, Phil May, Braid, Long Range,Heathercote, and Moorabbo are amongstthose shaping well in their work at Ric-carton.

The Gore Racing Club's spring pro-gramme will carry the same amount ofprize money as last year. Mr R. E.Harley has been reappointed starter, and MrA. ,T. Gibbs will, as usual, compile thehandicaps.

The lengthy spell of bad weather ex-perienced locally has been hampering train-ing operations, and in consequence some ofthe Wingatui horses are ' not consideredforward enough to nominate for the Ashbur-ton meeting.

The death is announced of J. Griffiths,who for nearly 40 yeai-s acted as studgroom to Lord Rosebery. During thatperiod three Derby winners in Lacks, SirVisto, and Cicero wear© turned out in theestablishment.

Brevity is the eoul of wit, and some-times it is also the eoul of nomenclature.\ recent winner at Newmarket scored underthe name of He, and is a colt by Santoiout of She, a well-bred daughter-of Cyllenefrom Witty Girl, by St. Simon.

Prior to being shipped to AustraliaDesert Gold was said to be looking in goodshape for her next Australian campaign.She will pro'bably make her first appearancein th> Spring Stakes, to he run over 12furlongs at the A.J.C. spring meeting.

The Auckland Trotting Club's course isvalued at £21,500, and the buildings at£ISOO. The total assets held by the clubis set down at £31,965 8s 3d, and with such

' financial strength it is safe to predict acontinuance of attractive programmes.

The Canterbury Trotting Owners andBreeders' Association has decided to pro-mote a carnival in aid of the Copper TrailFund, and, with the permission of theMinister of Internal Affaire, it will take placeat the Addington track on October 5.

The New/ Zealand-bred Bunting wentamiss after racing at the recent Queenslandmeeting. It is to be hoped that thotrouble is not serious, as ho promised tolend a good deal of interest to some of thebig events decided at tho Australian springmeetings.

The death is reported of The Guard,one of the best 'chasers that has ever beenseen topping the Riccarton country. Hewon the Grand National of 1900 and theGreat .Northern Steeples. Whilst racing atRiccarton he met with injuries which termi-nated his racing career. *

According to a I report in an exchange,R. J. Mason recently expressed the opinionthat Biplane would very probably meetDesert Gold at the A.J.C. spring meeting'This may he taken to mean that the son ofComedy King and Air Motor is shapingsatisfactorily in his preparation.

During his recent absence in AustraliaMr J. O'Brien endeavoured to pick up anEnglish-bred stallion to bring back withhim. He was negotiating for the purchaseof Polydamus, by Polymelus from Porphyria,by Gallinule, and arranged to travel fromSydney to Melbourne to see him, but in themeantime the horse was sold to a WestAustralian buyer.

Mr J. G. Duncan has-purchased BonnyHelen, and the daughter of Boniform andHelen Portland has joined the Waikana©stud. Bonny Helen had a battle royal withWarstep in the Oaks Stakes,- and defeatedthe latter in an exciting finish. BonnyHelen also won the Metropolitan, and asshe is a fine type of mare should provea valuable addition, to any stud.

The Southland racing and trottingclubs, who have had the services of Mr W.Norman as starter of trotting races, arecombining in order to make him a well-deserved presentation. Mr Norman for overa. dozen years has given his servicesgratuitously, and, furthermore, has estab-lished such a high standard of work thatthere has been -a continuously growing de-mand for his assistance at meetings.

J. Bryce is to have the training ofOxenhope, and it will be interesting to noteif he can revitalise the old gelding and im-prove him in the same manner as some ofthe light harness brigade under his charge.It is in Bryce's favour that Oxenhope _ isdropping in the weights, and that fact, withthe -assistance of a quaff or'two from" th©goblet which rejuvenated Faust," may findthe gelding again in the wining list.

The Southland Racing Club had atotalisator turnover of £60,882 last season,and made a profit of £1192 14s Sd. Theturnover of £36,104 at the summer meetingcreated a record for the club and a freshrecord for the country clubs of Otago ■ and

42CTAGO WITNESS. September 4, 1918

UNEDIN JOCKEY CLUB.

SPRING MEETING, 1918.

Stewards—P. Miller (President), L. C. Haz-lett (Vice-president), W. J. Coughlan,W. H. L. Christie, T. Elliott, J. Gow,W. J. Gore, A. C. Hanlon, E. H. Lough,S. S. Myers, A. S. Orbell, Jas. Smith,Jas. Thomson, W. Gardiner, jun.

Hon. Treasurer: E. H. Lough.Hon. Veterinary Surgeons: W. D. Snowball,

J. Danskin, and .W. D. Blair.Hon. Timekeeper: J. A. Sligo.

Judgo: R. H. Aldworth.Handieapper: J. E. Henrys.

Starter: A. G. Wood. -Clerk of Scales: W. F. Dunne.

Clerk of Course: W. B. Eroeman.Secretary: H. L. James.

FIRST DAY'—FRIDAY, 11th OCTOBER.i SPRING HURDLE HANDICAP, of

:ifoeovs; second horse to receive £.6sovs,and the third 13sovs from the slates.Otis mile and three-quarters. Nonuna-ticn, lsov; acceptance, l*ov.

2. MauNGA'jlUa MAM/±OAP, of lOOsovs,second horse lOsovs, and .the

. third ssovs from, the stakes. Hack con-ditions. Minimum weight, 7st Ho.

oeven fi|i-longs. .Nomination, lsov; ac-oc'.tance, lsov. ,

M'LEA-N STAKES, of 300sovs; secondhorse to receive bOsovs, and the third

• SOsovs from the stakes. For tivo-y*ar-olds. Colts, Sst j geldings, 7st lllb; fillies,7st 92b. By subscription of ssovs each,•unless forfeit of lsov is declared and paidby Ueneral Entry Day, 1918. All horsesremaining in alter that date must paythe subcriptioir of osovs on Friday, 4thOctober. Four furlongs.

4. MOSGIEL HANDICAP, of 250sovs;second horse to receive 50sovs, and thethird 25sovsfrom the stakes. One mileand a-quarter. Nomination, lsov; ac-ceptance, 3sovs. -

5. D'J NEDLN GUINEAS, of 400sovs; secondhorse to receive SOsovs, and the third43sovs from- the stakes. For three-year-olds. Colts, Sst lOi'o; fillies and geldings,

"Sst slb. The winner of the Avondaje,Wanganui, or Hawke's Bay Guineas tocarry 71b extra, or of two such events,101b extra. By subscription of ssovs each-,mie3s forfeit (lsov) is declared and paidby General Entry Day, 1918. All horses

" remaining in after that date must paythe subscription of ssovs on Friday, 4thOctober. One mile.

v\ ELECTRIC HANDICAP, of loOsovs;second horse to receive 30sovs, and the

. third 15sovs ifom the stakes. Six lur-igs. . Nomination, lsov*; acceptance,

2sovs.JT. TAIOMA HANDICAP, of lOOsovs; second

horse to receive lOsovs, and the third!, S&7VS from the stakes. Open to horses-"' I that have not won a race of the value of

£IOO, or collective value of £250. Mini-mum, weight, Sst. Six furlongs. Nomi-nation, lsov; acceptance, lsov.

8. OCTOBER WELTEIt HANDICAP, of130sovs; fc&c-snd horse to receive 26sovs,and the third 13sovs from the stakes.Minimum weight Sat. One mile.* Nomi-

- nation, lsov; acceptance, lsov.

S3COND DAY.SATURDAY, 12th OCTOBER,

1. WAKARI HURDLE HANDICAP, cf120sovs; fwoond horse to receive 24sovs,And the third 12sovs from the stakes.One mile and a-half. Nomination, lsov;acceptance, lsov.

2- TRIAL PLaTE, of lOOsovs; 6econd horseto; receive lOsovs, and the third Ssovsfrom the stake®. For three-year-olds and

,' -upvards that have not won a race of

the value of SOsovs at time of starting., Three-year-olds, Bst 2lb; four-year-olds

aDd upwards, Bst slb; mares allowed slb,geldings 3lb. Six furlongs. Entrance,2sovs. �

8. RANFURLY HANDICAP, of 200sovs;second horse to receive 40sovs, and the*hird 20sovs from the stakes. One mile.Nomination,'lsov; acceptance, 3govs.

1 DOMINION HANDICAP (for two-year-olds), cf 130sovs; second horse to receive26sbvs, ' and the third. 13sovs from thestakes. Four furlongs. Nomination,lsov; acceptance, lsov.

6. • KAIKORAI HANDICAP, of lOOsovs;second horse to receive lOsovs, and thethird osovs from the stake. Hack condi-

\ -dons. Minimum weight, 7st 7lb. Sevenfurlongs. Nomination, lsov; acceptance,2 sov.

6. SHORTS HANDICAP, of 150sovs; secondhorse to receive 30sovs, and the thirdlosovs from the stakes. Six furlongs.Nominatior-. lsov; acceptance, Qrovs.

'. TELEGRAPH YvELTEPv HANDICAP, of'3OW3; second horse to receive 26sovs,fend tlie third iSsovs from the stakes.Minimum weight, 7st 7lb. One mile,idomination, lsov; acceptance, lsov.

. CLARENDON HANDICAP, of lOOsovs;second horse to receive lOsovs, and thethird Saovs from the stakes. Open tohorses that have not won a race of thevalue of lOOsovs, or the collective valueof 250sovs. Minimum weight, Bst. Sixnirlongs. Nomination, lsov; acceptance,

)ATES OF ENTRIES, ACCEPTANCESETC., WITH AMOUNTS TO BE

PAID.All ENTRIES and ACCEPTANCES CLOSEat 6 p.m. on their respective dates unlessnotified to the contrary.

i FRIDAY, 20th SEPTEMBER, 1918.ENTRANCE.

Spring Hurdles.. .

Maungatua HandicapMosgiel Handicap ,

Electrio Handicap ,

Taioma Handicap .

October Handicap ,

Wakari Hurdles ~ ,

Kanfurly Handicap fDominion HandicapKaikorai HandicapShorts Handicap ,

'.Telegraph Welter .

Clarendon HandicapM'Lean Stakes ..

Dunedin Guineas ..

Jsov Forfeitlsov Forfeit

SATURDAY, 28th SEPTEMBER (on orabout).

_

HANDICAPS for First Day DECLARED.

FRIDAY, 4th OCTOBER, 3918.ACCEPTANCES.

SovsSpring Hurdles .. 1■Maungatua. Handicap ~ 1ii'Loan Stakes' (sub.) 5Mosgiel iiAndicap .. 3

Dunedin Guineas (sub.) 5Electric Handicap 2Taioma, Handicap .. .. 1October Welter ..

.. 1ENTRANCE.

Sovs.Trial Plate .. ..

FRIDAY, 11th OCTOBER, 1918."WEIGHTS for Second Day at 9 p.m.

ACCEPTANCES at 10 p.m.Sovs.

Wakari Hurdles .... 1Ranfurly Handicap .. ..

•'.•• ». 3

Dominion Handicap , •..

.« • • 1Kaikoi-ai Handicap .. •. .. .. •■ 1Shorts Handicap : : .. 2Telegraph Welter ..

1Clarendon Handicap 1

Minimum weight in all flat-rec& handicaps,except two-year-olds, where not otherwisestaled, will be 7st.

The winner of any race after declaration ofweights may be rebandicapped.

H. L. JAMES.28au Secretary.

rFO STAND THE■ "

SEASON

NORTH ROAD,.. . •

' OAMARU,

The Imported American StallionsMARVIN WILKES

AndM'KINNEY.

For further particulars apply to' J. O'BRIEN,

s Oaraaru.

i O STAND THE SEASO!

AT KILRAIN FARM, CLOSE TOOAMARU.

The Imperted English ThoroughbredSii©

MARKHOPE (7)(One of the best-bred Stallions in the

world.)MARKHOPE is a commanding Bay Horse,

bred by his Majesty the King in 1912, at theRoyal Stud in England, and is a horse -ofgreat quality.

Sire MARCOVIL, dam NADEJDA (hillsister to Persimmon, Diamond Jubilee, andFlbrizel 11, one of the greatest families inthe English Stud Book).

Persimmon won the Derby, the St. Leger,the Eclipse Stakes, the Ascot Gold Cup, etc.,and is the sire of winners of over £232.000,including Prince Palatine (sold for 40,000gs),Sceptre, Your Majesty, Perola, and Keystone11, all classical winners.

Diamond Jubilee won the Derby, the St.Leger, the Two Thousand Guineas, theEclipse Stakes, the Newmarket Stakes, etc.,and was sold to go to the Argentine for30,000ge, where he has more than onceheaded the list of winning sires.

Hurry On, the best three-yes,r-old colt inEngland last season, and who won every racehe started in, is by Marcovil, who is alsothe sire of Markhope.

MARKHOPE is a sure foal-getter, and willserve a limited number of mares.

His foals and yearlings are very promis-ing.

Two of the leading sires in Australia—Tressidy, recently sold at eviction for 6000gs,and Comedy King, recently sold at auction.for 73O0gs—are both by Persimmon.. (ComedyKing is the sire of Biplane.) The. great suc-cess of the Persimmon Blood in Australiaproves beyond all doubt the great value ofthis blood.

Every possible care given to meres, butno responsibility for accidents will be ac-cepted.

As this sire's list is nearly full, early ap-plication is necessary.

For cards of extended pedigree and furtherparticulars as to fees and other charges applyto

BRUCE CHRISTIE,28au Oamam.

Southland. The season was commenced witha balance of £7137 8s bd, and includedwith ono of £7405 19s 2d, after reducing thooverdrafts at the bank from £2113 2s 4d to£1585 19s lOd. .'

One of tho best winners Been out in

England during the season is a filly namedTalkative, a daughter of Apprentice, a sonof Symington. Ono of the marcs at theElderslie stud is Symbolism, a beautifully-Med! dough-tor of Symington from Am-phora (a sister to Snndridge), by Amphion—Sierra, by Springfield from Sanda, the damof the Derby winne:- Sainfoin. Symingtonwas got by Ayrshire (Two thousand Guineasand Derby) from Siphonia, by St. Simon—Palmflower,.

,

The Winton Trotting Club made a slightprofit over last r-eason'a operations, when600sovs were distributed in stakes. Theclub's race meeting has been ste3dily grow-ing in'' popularity with both owners andpublic, and the result is encouraging and. aspur to continue the issue of progressiveprogrammes'. It is worthy of note that oftho 14 clubs holding trotting permits theWinton Trotting Club stands near the top ofthe list so far as the provision of prizemoney is concerned.

A notable link with the past wassevered by the death of Richard Chapman,who for close on 40 years acted as studgroom at the famous Eaton stud, whichturned out so many historical winners forthe late Duke of Westminster. Chapmantook charge of the Eaton stud shortly afterBend Or won the Derby. Amongst the greathorses he reared were Ormonde, Orme, andPlying Fox, whilst four Derby winners mCommon, Jeddah, Sainfoin, and Sir Vistowere also under his charge in their ioalhooddays.

Even during the stress of war it is

pleasing to note that the sentimental andartistic side of racing is easily holding itsown in England, and the fact stands goodas an augury for the future welfare andappreciation of the thoroughbred. At a. saleof pictures by J. P. Herring, held just beforethe last mail to hand left Home, a paintingof the famous Touchstone, winner of the St.Deger and Ascot Cup, in addition to beinga great sire, made 320gs. A painting ofDon John, carrying the coJours of - LordChesterfield, sold at 3Gogs, and another ofLauncelot and 'Maroon, first and second in

the St. Leger of 1840, made 180gs.-

_ The latest number of the Horse andHound to hand announces that the Duke ofWestminster will resume, racing next season.He has placed a batch of yearlings underR. Moreton, who for a long time acted ashead lad to the Kingsclere stable during J.Porter's control, and the English turf will,ail going well, be once more graced by the"boy in yellow." The last time the colourswere successfully carried was when Ah Beywon the Great Eastern Handicap in 1916.The Duke of Westminster has gained greatdistinction for services on the field duringthe past three years, and it is pleasing torecord his return to the ranks of owners.

The committee of the Canterbury JockeyClub announces an important alteration inregard to the penalty conditions attached tothe New Zealand Cup. This year awinner after declaration of handicaps willnot incur a penalty until winning a raceor races of the value of 250sovs. Thisamount will be followed by a slb penalty.Winners of 350sovs incur 7lb and- of 500sovs101 b extra. The alteration will meet withnot only the general approval of owners,but also with that-s of clubs" anxious _toattract good class performers to early springmeetings, but who were, formerly blockedto a. large extent by the penalty conditionsattached to the big handicap decided atPuiccarton.

It is reported that a syndicate of NewZealand, racing clubs is negotiating forthe New Zealand rights of the new Juliuselectrical totalisator.

CANTERBURY DOINGS.By Observer.

Wo have had our weather in samplesduring tho past week. Tor the most partthe samples have been pleasant, and, on thewhole, the conditions nave proved satisfac-tory. So far as the Kiccarton tracks areconcerned it ha 3 been entirely favourable.The course has dried up nicely, and trainershave been provided with an abundanceof good galloping ,ground, the result beingthat a lot of interesting work_ has beenwitnessed. The pldughed track is now re-ceiving attention from the caretaker. Afterbeing out of use for some time past .ithas been freshly ploughed, and it is nowready for the harrowing and rolling, thatwill bring it into" order for sralloping_ on.The trainers will welcome the recommissionof the plough, which, under fine weatherconditions, is easily the most popular trackat' Riccarton. -

While the weather has left little room forfault-finding, in a general way there was asufficient fail of rain early last week to causeserious interference with the plans of onesportsman. Mr A. Fleming has madearrangements by which the crack pacer OurThorpe will go to the stud in the Goredistrict this , season. It is extremely un-likely that he will race again, but it wasthought advisable to send him against the

mile record of 2.6 2-5, held byAdelaide Direct. The trial was to havetaken place last week, but the rain leftthe Aldington track quite unfit for record-breaking efforts. It improved gradually,and on Saturday Our Thorpe was workedover a couple of smart half-miles, doingthe second in lmin 2 3-ssec, the final quarterbeing left behind in 29 3-ssec. Had thoweather continued favourable it was in-tended to make the record-breaking efforton Monday, but as rain set in again onSunday afternoon it seems probable thatthere will be. a further postponement.

R. D. O'Donnell is now on his way toSydney, and by tho timo these notes aropublished ho should be safely quartered atRandwiek with Almoner and Kilmoon, whoaro to represent Mr G. L. Stead at thespring meeting of the Australian JockeyClub. Both colts wore in good health whenthey left, and if Almoner has made aver-ago improvement since autumn he shouldbo eaual to playing a prominent part inthe Derby nt Randwiek next month. Inthe meantime Mr Stead's two-year-old coltSurveyor, by Nassau—Pedometer, has beensent to Riccarton and placed under thecaro of M. Ilobbs, who will train theyoungster until tho return of O'Donncil fromAustralia, W. Ilobbs is in charge atY;ildhu?st during O'DonnelFs absence, theteam still his caro including Meleoand the two year-olds Golden Crozier andOrange Bitters. Surveyor, however, is ahighly-strung colt, whose attendant, H.Were, having just completed his apprenlticeshrp, has been engaged to ride for MrW. A. Nieholls. This influenced Mr Steadin making special arrangements for Sur-veyor. Were will remain with the colt whilestill being available to ride Mr Nicholls'shorses in their work and their races.

Cutts Brothers have eight two-year-olds

in their team this season, but three of themwere not gone on with after being brokenin. A start has now been made, however,with Miss Mimic (Sanquhar—Counterfeit)

! and Stupholm (Treadmill—Bonnie Brae),while Checkmate (Antagonist—WinningWay) will bo taken in hand shortly, sothat tho whole of the stable's juvenileswill soon be in commission. In the mean-time the fivo youngsters that have beenworked along since the autumn are pro-gressing fairly well, though they have had

:.a quiet time latelv on account of colds.Mr O. G. Dalgety has completed all

| arrangements for the brood mares in his! stud tor the present season. Stepdancer,! by Stepniak—Pibroch, will be mated with! Martian, while her two daughters, Sfcar-. dancer and Warstep, both by Martian, will

go to Sanquhar. Lady Disdain, by TheOfficer—Grifiamme, and Prim, by PilgrimsProgress—Nantes, will visit Bonny Glen,while Nantes, by. Stepniak—Huguenot, willnot be bred from this season. .

! The Chokebore Lodge stable shelters avery promising team of three-year-olds whoshould do. good service for Sir GeorgeClifford this season. Heathercote, whoshowed smart form last autumn, does notlook at his best just now, but he is gal-loping fairly well, and he should be equalto some decent performances. Long Rangejs shaping very attractively in his work,while Lionskin is also coming on nicely.

' The stable also contains several maidenswho promise well. Onslaught (Antagonist—Mad Whirl) is a particularly good gal-loper, and he will have to be reckoned within minor events early in the season. Al-ready has many admirers, who are look-ing forward to his first appearance, whichwill probably be made in the Trial Plateat Amberley. Sir Fanciful (Rokebv—LadyWayward) showed promising form last sea-son, and he should turn out useful. Happy-Captain, a brother to Quarantine (by Tread-mill—Fairhaven) is a big colt, who may re-quire a bit of racing before the best isseen of him, but he should be a good onelater on if he remains sound. Wild Night,by Antagonist—Windwhistle, also shapesfairly w%ll, while Counterscarp (Antagonist-Countermine), who has recently gone intocommission after a spejl, has a fine turn ofspeed over a few furlongs. Taken all round,

' the three-year-olds in this stable should be; worth keeping in mind.[ J. M'Combe is keeping-his team busy inview of spring engagements. Subterfuge,who was very unlucky last season, winningonce and being second seven times, is stillbackward, but she is coming on nicely, andshe may win in good company as the sea-son advances. The three-year-old Bon • Specmay not etay, but he is a galloper,who can be marked off as a certain winner

, over a short course at one of the earlyi meetings. Belair should also pay her way,I and the veteran Pyjama is also galloping

attractively.Glendower is in good order at present,

"■'and he is hitting out in great style on thetracks. He can be booked to race well atthe spring meetings, while his New ZealandCup chance is being freely discussed in somequarters.

Disdainful is bowling along freely in her.. tasks, and she was too good for Adjutant

in a spin over a mile on Saturday. Herthree-year-old brother, Scornful, is gettingthrough a of solid work, and he will haveto be reckoned with in classic events thisseason. Algidus, in the same stable, showsa lot of pace, and, though he may notstay at present, he is likely to improve in

; that respect later on.j Braid is one of the star sprinters at Ric-i carton just now, and over half a mile

she can always be relied on for a smarteffort. She was deficient in stamina lastseason, but I look for good things fromher before she is much older. Her stablemate, Tremeua, is also going on nicely.Varnish, on the other hand, is again caus-ing his trainer anxiety on account of lame-ness, and it may be necessary to treat himto a further spell. . /

Once More, a four-year-old by Martian—

Imaginary, has joined F. D. Jones's stable.He is owned by the Central Otago sports-man Mr Con White. Jones has also takenin hand a two-year-old filly by iSan Fran-cisco—Tikitere for Mr H. A. Knight, whilehe expects to have the imported hor=e Cynicbefore long to prepare for the New Zea-land Cup.

Gamecock was gelded last week, and hois having a spell, after which he will betrained by P. M'Grath.

R. Derret has made a start with Marger-ine, who is in nice order to commence apreparation, though she may not be. at herbest till the season is well advanced.

Jingo has been on the easy list since theGrand National meeting, having developeda leg, but_ M'Aulay hopes to have himgoing again in a few days.

Majestikoff is showing signs of lameness,and, though she is being kept in training,she is not galloping in her best form.

W. J. Porter, who will train Mr J. J.Corry's horses at Riccarton in future, hasa team of -four at present. Good Hopeis to be tried over hurdles, and he is shap-ing all right in his eduoation. The othersin the stable are untried, one being athree-year-old by Rokeby, and the otherstwo-year-olds by Markhope from Helianthesand Merry-Go-Round _ respectively. Porterexpects further additions to his team toarrive from the north very shortly.

Derby Day is sbnwins - nlentv of dash inhis work, and_ I should say he will be nearthe top of his form for the spring meet-ings.

Kimbolton has done a bit of schoolinglately, and he shapes well over tho hurdles.

Nominations for tho New Zealand Trot-ting Oup closed last week, and with aresponse of 16 the prospects of the race areexcellent. There are no North Island horsesin the list, but those engaged representthe cream of the Dominion's performers.Fifteen of them are pacers, Hardy Wilkesbeing the only representative of the-straight-out trotter. Handicaps are due next Mon-day, after which the race will begin toattract a lot of attention from the keenfollowers of the sport.

WELLINGTON NOTES.(Fbom Oub Own Coebe3£ondent.)

August 29.The New Zealand contingent to invade

Australia left by the Moeraki. R. D.O'Dorwsell, Mr 6. L. Stead's trainer, leftwith the two three-year-old colts Almonerand Kilmoon. P. Davis, Mr T. H. Lowry'strainer, went across with a strong team,consisting of Desert Gold, Estland, and thethree-year-olds Finmark,- jKilhope, and Kill-owen. J. O'Shea also left to do the ridingfor the stable. This will leavo W. H.M'Lachlan a free lance if Mr E. J. "Watthas not got anything starting. J. M.Cameron, who has made several previoustrips to the other side, was married: this■week; and takes his bride across with him.Mr Richmond, who tried to break the book-

makers last year, is also a passenger.Cameron's team consisted of St. Elmn, Im-pediment, and Lingerie. O'Donncll in-formed your correspondent that C. Emer-son would rido for Mr G. L. Stead in theDominion, but would not journey to theother side. They did not like him overthere.

Coalition and Yellow-and-Black are to bespelled, and have been allowed to drop outof their engagements at Marton next week.It looks as if Arlington and Gaekwar, whoare in -separate events, will bo in themoney.

Most of the Trcnfham stables will berepresented. Usually the three-year-olds areseen to advantage. TorfreJa was allowedto drop out, but 80-peep, Demos, Cyrisian,and Cherry Mart are down to run.

The hurdler Fisher has settled down inhis new quarters at Trentham. His newowner has been offered an advance of£SO on what he gave for the gelding atChristchurch, but nas decided to hang onto him until after the 0.J.0. meeting.

AUCKLAND TOPICS.By TAteOA.

Since those trainers who were awayassisting at the National meeting returnedhomo training operations at Ellcrslie havebrightened up considerably, and with theAvondale and A.R.C. spring meetings onthe horizon there is bound •to be plentydoing on the track from now on.

Aucklanders would not be sorry to seethe laet of Fisher, who was sold to a Wel-lington sportsman during the Nationalmoating. Fishe.- has been very costly toAucklanders, and the failures of theManiapoto gelding to win races has beensomething of a nightmare to his followers.

Bedford looks none the wo&se for hisracing at Riccarton. It will be a long timebefor? the chestnut is so well treated inthe handicaps as he was in the WinterCup.

P. Jones is busy with a couple ofmaidens by Multifid. They are good-look-ing sorts, and as Jones docs not believein hurrying the preparation of his chargesthey will gst plenty of time.

The smart, .racyjlooking Monoline two-year-old who is to be named Billie Burke,nas been on the easy list of late owing tohaving a cold, F. Weston has her lookinga picture.

A. Julian is keeping All Talk busy, andthe All Black gelding will in future raceover hurdles. So far he has been a bigdisappointment, and has not won a raceof any description, though once or twicehe has earned place money.

To Onga is pottering about, and, willbe got ready by H. Bare for approachingjumping races.

The two-year-old Prince Charleroi, in J.Ohaafe's care, is the most forward of theyoungsters in training at Ellerslie; but,providing "the present fine weathers holds,several of the juveniles in other stabloswill soon sharpen up, and perhaps in aweek- or two other two-year-olds will haveas many admirers as Prince Charleroi.

E. Pope is working his team with aview to touring the southern meetings inthe North Island. Gold Fran, Falstone,and Northland are a trio looking and mov-ing well.

The sale of the Soult gelding Colonel Soultto Mr W Richmond, recently transpired,and it is understood that when the Colonelgoes to Australia ~ with Impediment andCo. he will be raced over hurdles. ColonelSoult has done some schooling over thesmall fences and done it well, but thechances are he will be set for a jumpers'flat race. This is the kind of race thatwould suit him, because ho would not betaken off his feet in the early part.

While J. Thorpe, was away at Riccartonhi 3 team was cared for by his dad, R.Thorpe, who did not Iallow any of thehorses to loaf, but kept them moving.Cambridge is a maiden in the stable, show-ing a lot of pace. He has not raced much.

The Auckland Cup is to be worth,2700sovs next December, which prize noweclipses the" New Zealand Cup. The A.R.C.Committee has made substantial increase*all round for the season's programmes, andan owner of a good Morse would be ableto win a small fortune in Auckland alone.

Since returning from the National meet-ing Gluetanus has been on the easy list.This was brought about by the Glutengelding striking himself while contestingthe Grand National Hurdles.

The mooted civil action touching analleged £lO investment on Lanacre whenthat filly paid over half a hundred of adividend at the Great Northern meeting isnot to reach the court for some time. TheA.R.O. Committee had the matter beforethem at the last meeting, and it is under-stood that considerable evidence was taken,but the matter did not reach finality.

WEIGHTS, ACCEPTANCES, ETC.

N.Z. TROTTING CUP NOMINATION'S.The following nominations have been re-

ceived for theNEW ZEALAND TROTTING CUP (in har

ness), of 2500sova. Two miles.Mr 0. Cbanning's br g Agathos, by O.Y.M.—

Ha Ha nmre, aged.Mrs A. M. Seymour's b h Admiral Wood, by

Wildwood Junior—D.l.C.: aged.Mr J. G. S. Holmes's b g Moneymaker, by

Rothschild—Cocoa-nut, aged.Mr B. Jarden's b li Author Dillon, by Harold

Dillon—Authoress, 6 years.Messrs J. Bryce and Cross Bros.' b h Match-

ligit, by Four Chimes—King Haroldmare, aged.

Mr S. G-. Lemon's blk g Sherwood, by Kerr-wood—Jessie 8., aged.

Mr J. Bryoo's b k Cathedral Chimes, by FourChimes—Jean Armour, aged.

Messrs Fleming and Allen's b h HardyWilkes, by Marvin- Wilkes—Doris M.4.aged.

Mr R. M'Donnell's b m Evelyn, by Roths-child—Imperialism, aged.

Mr R. M'Donnell's b h Elmilius, by Roths-child—imperialism, aged.

Mr J. D. Parker's b h Erin's King, by HalZolock—B.J.N., aged.

Mr R. B. Hall's b g Frandocia, by Franz—Cappadocia, aged.

Mr J. Parkinson's b h Sungod, by HaroldDillon—My Mistake, aged.

Mr M. Edwards's b m Adelaide Direct, byDirectway—Honest Harry mare, agedi.

Mr G. Booker's ch h Oinako, by Harold Dil-lon—Grattanette, aged.

Mr G. Edgar's b h John Dillon, by HaroldDillon—Lincoln Yet mare, aged.

MARTON ACCEPTANCES.Hack Hurdles. —Miiltiplical 11.3, Lord

Ainslie 10.11, Vacuum 10.9, Paraoa 10.8, Tor-nea 10.0, Golden Grafton 10.0, Doncaster 9.12,Altercation 9.11, Bjorneborg 9.8, Jujitsu 9.0,Dasher Boy 9.6, Atuatoro 9.6, Undecided 9.3,Waioture 9.8, Janitor 9.8, First Line 9.0,M-anawapa 9.0, Gwynne 9.0, Miss Lark 9.0,

Whetoki 9.0, Auitra 9.0, Castlewood 9.0,Classification 9.0.

Trial Hack Plate.—TThiwai 8.13, Kaimana-wanui 8.13, "Wakaruku 8.13, Toddy 8.13, De-gour 8.13, Bernice 8.13, Katamandu 8.13,Gatherer 8.11, Belle o' the Camp 8.11, Sama-rang 8.11, Logan 8.11, Omahu 8.11, Livlnnd8.11, Newland 8.11, Cadet 8.11, Jane Douglas8.11, Blighty 8.9, Kaiooma 8.9, Gloam 8.9,Kipling 8.0, Jingleform 8.0, Hurry "Up 7.11,Penury 7.11, Rise 7.11, Matatua 7.11, Admira-tion 7.11, Zedra 7.11, Cotillion 7.9, Tit "Willow7.9, Blended 7.9, Tigritiyo- 7.9, Moutoa 7.9,Ivanova 7.9, Goldcouder 7.9, Amberite 7.9,Tunatuu 7.9, Hessian 7.9.

Hack Steeplech;i*e.—Gaekwar 11.10, Record11.5, Otter 11.5, Foenuan 11.0, Dunrobin 10.11,Tirau 10.3, Simple. Sam 10.3, Kumalpi 10.2,Advance 9.13,, Lady Renown 9.11, Papatere9.9, Jian 9.9, Hoatu 9.7, King's Park 9.7,Walker's Ridge 9.7, Maxtinelle 9.7.

Marton Handicap.—Kauri King 8.7, Orleans8.4, Colonel Soult 8.0, All Over 7.13, LadyLouisa 7.13/ Meltchikoff 7.11, Detroit 7.6,Hydras 7.5, Arrowfield 7.0, Multaine 7.0,Hastie 6.12, Altercation 6.10, Ladify 6.7, Rio6.7.

Rangitikei " Steeplechase.—Arlington 11.7,Gladful 11.5, Marton 9.12," Nita 9.12, MerryJock 9.9, Record 9.9, Ormesby 9.9, LadyRenown 9.7, Papatere 9.7.

Electric Hack Handicap.—Robur 9.3,Oratress 8.3, Rajput 8.3, Duchess 7.12, En-dorus 7.12, Gold Problem 7.11, Melita 7.11,Quinn's Post 7.10, Yladineau 7.9, Zela 7.7,Star Glow 7.7, Idle Talk 7.6, Nanrur 7.6, StarLady 7.4, Sea Foam 7.0, War Scott 7.0, Toddy7.0, Whetoki 7.0, Falstone 7.0, Mis 3 Fisher7.0, Livland 7.0, Newland 7.0, Katmandu 7.0,Jane Douglas 7.0, Penury 7.0, Rose 7.0, Crys-tal Palace 7.0, Tata 7.0. >

Railway Handicap.—Devotion 8.3, Mascot8.3, Hyginas 8.1, All Over 8.1, Depredation8.0, Astrophel 7.13, 80-peep 7.10, Elocution7.10, Hyllus 7.10, Demas 7.9, Glenroy 7.8,Bairnsdalo 7.3, Vermillion 7.2, Prince Dela-ware 7.0, Otarengo 7.0, Cherry Mart 6.7,Vandubso 6.7, Coropet 6.7.

Tutaenui Hack Welter.—Wapping 10.4,Hastie 10.2, Polynesian 9.10, Endure 9.8,Torchlight 9.7, Royal Park 9.8, Gluckm 9.2,Sabine 8.10, Zela 8.7, Idra 8.7, War March8.5, Idle Ta1k.8.5, Utuwai 8.4, Ju Jitsu 8.3,Turpenite 8.3, Amberine 8.2, Gwynne 8.0, WarScot 8.0, Guianforrn 8.0, St. Demetrius 8.0,Waipunoa 8.0, Grand Duchy 8.0, Notability8.0, Hallow 8.0, vLa PucellS 8.0, Classification8.0, Janitor S.O, Mick, 8.0, Arihia 8.0, Willy'sKnight 8.0, Orison 8.0.

AMBERLEY HANDICAPS,Jumpers' Plat Handicap.—Art 11.9, Jeannot

11.6, Crib 10.9, Golden Prince 10.5, Lufi 9.13,Collector 9.12, Seville, 9.9, Morecambe 9.9,Modclite 9.6, Merry Lad 9.6, Vascular 9.2, SamPan 9.2, Rose Blush 9.0, St. Cletus 9.0.

Amberley Cup.—Adjutant 9.0, Koesian 8.10,Disdainful 8.1., Oxenliope 8.1, Varnish 8.0,Almoner 7.11, Brambletye 7.9, Tremena 7.8,Majestikoff 7.6, Kilrush 7.1, King Star 6.13,Melee 6.13, Spangle 6.7, Heiro 6.7.

Hack Handicap.—Phil May 9.0, Subterfuge8.11, Braid 8.8, Silver and Black 8.6, Missouri8.2, Bomb 8.0, Derby Day 8.0, Bon Spec7.11, Moorabbe 7.6, Melford 7.3, Bed Cent7.2, Nautical 7.0, The Sapper 7.0, Ben Hop©7:0.

Open Welter—Majestikofr 9.4, Jeannot 8.13,Belair 8.13, Kilrush 8.13, King Star 8.12, Heiro8.9, Golden Prince 8.4, Martial Air 8.8, Pabisco7.11, Karninohe 7.11, Bandy 7.9, Collector 7.7.

Wattle Handicap.—Daytime 9.0, Disdainful8.7, Tremens 8.6, Oxenhcpe 8.4, Lionskin 7.11,Phil May 7.5, Pyjama 7.0, Braid 6.12, Missouri6.7, Bomb 6.7.

Kowhai Trot.—Maud Wilkes scratch, Rear-guara, 2 seconds, Wood Drift 2, Energy 4,Star Queen 5, Lunsdale 8, King Col© Junior8, Wild Lass 8, Delta 8, Volo 9, Beeswing 9,Koraki 9, Merry Thorpe 10> Mars 10, Kingof Lylia 10, Knight Errant 10, Sweet Kathleen10, Lady Thelma 10, Leewcod 10, AnnieBlack 11, Lord Cecil 11, Silver Nut 11, Thom-age 11.

Tevictdale Trot.—Maud Wilkes scratch,Schnapps 1 second, Wood Drift 3, Energy 6,Star Queen 7, Some Boy 7, Lunsdale 11,Wild Lass 11, Koraki 13, Beeswing 13, WalterRaleigh 15, White Crane 15. Golden Peter15, Merry Thorpe 15, -Gentleman Wood 15.

DANNEVIRKE HANDICAPSHack Welter.—Hastie 10.3, Wapping 10.3,

Royal Prince 9.3, Athens 8.11, Maiohia 8.11,Master Iney 8.9, Mystified 8.9, Gold Problem8.9, Marker B.'B, Utawa 8.7, Manu 8.6, Trans-mission 8.5, Lady Edith 8.4, Trickery 8.4,Matatua 8.4, Idra 8.3, Sunbrigh't 8.3, Dick8.3, Tigritiya 8.3, Belgian Maid 8.2, SirDonald 8.2, Arihia 8.2, War Soot 8.2, Cadet8.2, Amberine 8.2, Star Glow 8.1, The Pagan8.1, Sithopian 8.1, Ihapi 8.0, Grand Duchy8.0, Royal Tiger 8.0, Orison 8.0, Snvla, 8.0,Hallow 8.0, Sacramento 8.0, Lapucelle 8.0,St. Demetrius 8.0, Preface 8.0, Trombone 8.0,Katmandu Willy's Knight 8.0, Sarbonite8.0.

Spring Handicap.—Croesus 10.3, Waimatoa9.6,'Torfreda 8.5, Depredation 7.13, All Over7.13, Hyllus 7.11, Glorify 7.9, Astrophel 7.9,Glenroy 7.7, Aster 7.7, Good Day 7.7, Bairns-dale 7.3, Rose Pink 7.3, Galore 7.3, Elocution7.2, Vermillion 7.1, Cyresian 7.1, Jean Laddo7.0, Revocation 6.13, Sea Lord 6.12, Multaine6.11, Dribble 6.10, Crateur 6.7.

Handicap Hurdles.—Lord Ainslie 10.13,Paraoa 10.9, Vacuum 10.9, Tangihau 10.8,Tornea 10.3, Golden Grafton 9.13, Bjorne-borg 9.12, Doncaster 9.11, Altercation 9.9,Undecided 9.9, Atuatoro 9.7, Ilexton 9.6, Pa-paress 9.6, First Line 9.6, Jem 9.5, Janitor93, War Maid 9.0, Ore Ore 9.0, Juan 9.0,Woolahra 9.0, Royal Tiger 9.0, Whetoki 9.0,Manawapanga 9.0, Classification 9.0, MissLark 9.0. Sarbonite 9.0.

Umutaroa Handicap.—Robur 9.3, MadamRistori 8.10, Idyllic 8.1, Persian Prince 7.13,WoodJark . 7.12, Waioba 7.12. Quinn's Post7,11, Gold Problem 7.10, Idle Talk 7.9,Crosswords 7.9, Honey Bee 7.7, Taunuha7.4, Trickery 7.3, Whakatina 7.3, War March73, Tigritiya 7.3, Falstone 7.2, War Scot

The Pagan 6.13.. Star Glow 6.13, Ta Ta612, Occasion 6.11, Hessian 6.11, Penury Rose6.11, Gold Mine 6.11, Livland 6.11, GoldConder 6.11, Admiration 6.11, Jane Douglas6.11.

Jumpers' Flat Handicap.—Paraoa 11.8,Multicipal 11.2, Bjorneborg 10.9, Almo 10.9,Gladful 10.8, Prince Delaware 10.7, GoldenGrafton 10.1, Blackall 10.0, Altercation 9.13,Fisher 9.13, Lord Ainslie 9.11, Doncaster9.10, Atuatoro 9.9, Vacuum 9.8, Tornea 9.7,Waipunoa 9.3, Sir Donald 9.1. Janitor 9.0,Jiu Jitsu 9.0, Juan 9.0, Katmandu 9.0, Classi-fication 9.0.

Otanga Handicap.—Tika 9.0, Form Up 8.11,Nobleman 8.8, Depredation 8.3, Orleans 8.1,All Over 7.13, Cleft 7.12, Hose, Pink 7.5,Kao 7.4, Kiltess 7.3, Hydras 7.2. Sea Lord7.0, Multaino G.13, Bronk Delaval 6.13, Altera-tion 8.12, Haumakaka, 8.11, Hyllirni 6.11,Hastie 6.10, Mazama 6.10, War March 6.7,Ladify 6.7, Altercation 6.7, Rumania 6.7.

To "Rehung<a Hack Handicap.—Wapping 9.1,Polynesian 8.8, Torch Light 7.13, PersianPrince 7.13, Duchess 7.10, Euduros 7.10,Master Iney 7.7, First Line 7.6, Marker 7.5,Manu 7.3, War March 7.3, Idra 7.1, Trans-mission 7.1, Dick 7.0, Arihia 6.12. • BelgianMaid 6.12, "Waipunoa 6.12, Penury Rose C.ll,Ihipa 6.9, Toddy 6.9,- Preface 6.9, Trombone6.9, Willy's Knight 6.9.

TROTTING ASSOCIATIONBOARD.

CHRISTCHURCH, August 28.Messrs C. F. Wark and R. W. Short hav<been re-elected as North Island members ol

the Board of New Zealand Trotting Associa-tion, and, as the South Island members '.veraall roturncd unopposed, tho personnel ofthe board remains unaltered.

AUGKLAND RACING GLUB.AUCKLAND, August 27.

The Auckland Racing Club has adopted itsprogramme for the season, tlie stake moneytotalling £37,000. The stake for the Auck-land Cup will be £2750.

The committee decided, to rename theCity Handicap, at tlie Spring meeting, theMitchelson Cup, in compliment to the presi-dent of tho club.

OTAGO HUNT.The Otago Hunt Club planned to conclude

the season on Saturday with a run over agood line of country at Signal Hill. Un-fortunately a dense fog descended shortlyafter the time appointed for tho meet, andrendered it impossible to have a run. Somelittle sport was, however, afforded by severalmembers of the Hunt, including ladies, givingan exhibition of jumping over a bar at MrJ. Farqubarson's farm. The display offencing was both, clevex and interesting, i andoccasionally provided a good deal of amuse*ment. After tlie jumping Mr Farquharsonand family entertained a large company atafternoon tea, but, as there was apparentlyno limit to the hospitality bestowed on themembers of the Hunt and friends, whatmight have been a small function grewgreater and greater as time went on, and didnot finally conclude until a reluctant halttook place late in the evening. A_n im«promptu programme of nmsic* and singingwas punctuated with dancing, and altogethera most enjoyable time was spent. -Duringthe evening Mr Jordan, Master of the Hunt*proposed the health of the host, and th«guests assisted with musical honours endgreat cordiality. Mr Jordan pauj, a hightribute to Mr Farqubarson's much appre-ciated assistance to the Hunt, and to theopen house hospitality extended to the mem*bers and their friends. Mr Jordan, also re-ferred to the kindness of Mr Farqhuarson andother landowners in allowing the Hunt tohold runs over their property. Mr Far-quharson, in replying, said he was alwayspleased to see the Hunt hold a meet at hlaplace, and hoped that it would . prove therendezvous for many runs in the future.Other toasts expressing loyal and patrioticsentiments weTe honoured, and "Auld LangSyne" concluded a most enjoyable gather-ing.

PIPERS AND DANCERS' ASSO-CIATION.

ANNUAL MEETING.

The seventh annual meeting of the OtagoCentre of the Pipers and Dancers' Associa*fcion was held on Friday. The ohair. wasoccupied by the new president (Mr D.MThereon).

The balance sheet showed receipts amount-ing to £155 2s 7d, and expenses to £9B 7s,leaving a credit balance of £56 15s 7d.

In moving the adoption of the annualstatement, the retiring president (Mr J.M'Donald) said they had good reason to basatisfied with the excellent condition of theirfinances and the encouraging support theyhad received from the youth of the do-minion. After the outbreak of the war theirranks had been very seriously depleted, andit was only owing to the way in which thoyoung, people had responded that they hadbeen able to keep up publio interest in thepractice of the national sports and customsof the Highlands of Scotland. Now thatthe Dominion Council had been properlyconstituted they might reasonably hope soonto have 10 centres established. The associa-tion had been ablo to make a donation tothe Highland Relief Fund. Thanks weredue to those who had donated prizes, to MrRitchie, to N tho secretary, and all" office-bearers who had assisted with the year'swork.

The report was adopted.The following office-bearers were elected:

—President, Mr D. M'Phersoni vice-presi-dents—Messrs J. M'Donald, K. Cameron, C.M'Kenzie, R. M'Kenzie, H. Paterson, G.Livingstone, G. Gordon, A. Begg, and Pipe-major Grants secretary, Mr F. Cheyne;treasurer, Mr T. Gilchrist; auditor, Mr J.13. Cameron; committee—Messrs W. King,A. Robinson, D. Matheson, Angus M'Millan,Arch. M'Millan, J. W. M'Kay, A. M'lvor,W. H. M'Kenzie, George Munro, LachlanM'Lean, and Allan Campbell; official pipers(members of the committee ex officio)—*Messrs D. Matheson, L. M'Killop, M'Millan(2), Georgo Munro, and Pipe-major J.M'Gregor.

A motion of gratitude to members of theassociation on active service, and of con-dolence with the relatives of the fallen, wascarried.

The committee was recommended to con-sider the advisability of holding competi-tions and a concert in the summer time_ inaid of the association's funds. The meetingalso referred to it the question of providinga pining and dancing programme at theCaledonian Society's sports in November,the proceeds of which are to be given tothe band of the 4th Regiment..

At the annual meeting of the DominionCouncil the following office-bearers wereelected:—President, Mr K. Cameron; vice-president, the president of the Otajro Centrersecretary, Mr F. Cheyne; treasurer, Mr T, jGilchrist; auditor, Mr J. D. Cameron; >

Otago Centre representatives on committee—Messrs A. M'lvor, A. Robinson, W. King,Anjrus M'Millan, 11. Paterson, C. M'Kenzie,and Pipe-major Grant.

September 4, 1918. DTAGO WITNESS. 43

MAKE GOOD FAMILY COUGH (

MIXTURE AND SAVE MUCH MONEY.Obtain from your chemist or store a

bottle of HEENZO' (Hean's Essence) andacid to it a large brealdastcupful of warmwater sweetened with treacle or honey andsugar, as per easy directions printed on ths»label, and you will at once have a pintof superior "quality cough and sore throatmixture. A pint of ordinary mixture, pur-chased in a lot of little bottles, would costat least 12s. HEENZO (Hean's Essence)costs only- 2s. Tims each bottle used showsa olear cash saving of 10s.

_

No boiling orfussing is needed, the mixing being amatter of but a few moments.

If you sxpenenw any difficulty in ob-taining HEENZO in your locality eend 2ato Hean's Pharmacy. Wangamd, and abottle will be sent to you per return mall.

HEENZO in its full .strength gives com-fort and relief in stomach and boweltroubles. 24a

SOLDIER SETTLERS.

GRIEVANCES VENTILATED.HAMILTON, August 29.

The Waikato Returned Soldiers' Associa-tion held a meeting for the purpose of ven-tilating the grievances of the soldier settlerson the To Mero Block. -

The speakers, including officials of theFarmers' Union, condemned the action ofJ\e department -in purchasing land themajorportion of which tnoy declared to be quiteUnsuitable for dairying under present con-ditions.

Resolutions were carried asking the Minis-ter to have the sections re-valued to com-pensate the dissatisfied settlers and to offerthe settlers employment on the sections bycontract or daily wage for a period of twoyears, and at the end of that time to givethem an opportunity of taking up the im-proved,sections. It was also decided to urgethe Govea-nment to set up a commission togo into matters affecting the soldiers onTe Mero.

Cycling & MotorNotes

BY DEMON.

reliability trial held by the Victorian MotorCycle Club, six riders finished up with aclean sheet. An elimination test was de-termined on by the club, with a view tofinding an absolute winner, but despite theseverity of the second run, over a distanceof 120 miles, four contestants again scoredfull points. They were then sent anotherround of the 40 miles circuit, but again theresult was the same, the successful ridersbeing H. H. Taylor, F. L, Yott, H. Par-sons, and G. F. Wright. Another run maybe conducted by the club to determine thowinner. . . ~

Miss Hazel Ehnslie, daughter of thelate Rev. Dr Elmslie, of Christchurch, isdriving a motor for the War Office.

turers that many tyres are relegated tothe scrap heap long before their usefulnessis over. Often a repair, an inner lineror a retread, will put a tyre in a conditionwhich will permit an inoreas.ed mileagemore than justifying its oost. Time waswhen the tyre repairman took long chances—inadvisable repairs were made,—but thedependable vulcaniser to-day recommendsonly such work as he believes will makefor a saving to the motorist. Before dis-carding an old tyre it is well to show itto a competent repairman. He will gener-ally be able to. ascertain whether the addi-tional mileage expected will warrant theexpenditure involved. If a repair _is in-

advisable, he will not recommend it, torevery lob of that character means a dis-satisfied customer.

——Where do all the tyres go? is aquestion often heard at one of the mam-moth plants of the Goodyear Tyre andRubber Companies. A trip through themills, including a glance at the stockroom,with its many rows of finished tyres, readyto start on their careers wherever sum-moned, at once suggests the question. Ofcourse, they are all, used and ultimatelyworn out. When you consider that overthree million motor care are now in com-mission in the United States of Americaalone, and millions in the rest of the world,each engaged in wearing out four tyres,you begin to see the answer.

The tangent spoking of cycle andmotor-cycle wheels has for so long beenregarded as the standard and most efncienomethod that any departure in the methodsof arranging the spokes of such wheelscannot fail to be of general interest. Whilefrom a mechanical point of view the tan-gent method of epoking may be _ regardeda 3 nearly perfection as possible, it is wellknown that,, from a practical point of view,it has certain drawbacks; in particular,the crossing of the spokes necessarily formsa comparatively close mesh in the vicinityof the hub which not only collects andretains mud and dust, but also for thesame reason renders the hub difficult oiaccess for cleaning and lubrication pur-poses. A new system of spoking has nowbeen patented by W. A. Starley of Birm-ingham, England, which is claimed toeliminate many of the defects of the tan-gent-spoked wheel, one important featurebeing that the fracture of a spoke does noteffcot the other spokes to the- same ex-tent as the tangent spokes now universallyused. Again, the Starley spokes areshorter, and do «ot cross each other, ihepresent-day tangent-spoked. wheel hasearned great popularity throughout theworld, and it will take a greatly superiorarticle before manufacturers and the pubhowill discard it for a new style of spoking.

taxi-drivers in Wellington," stated 'Or Fitz-gerald at a meeting of the Wellington City

Council. "Let any councillor visit the taxistands, and they' will see 30 or 40 taxi-drivers lolling about, laughing and talkingtogether, but doing nothing. There is agreat waste of labour which should be putto better service in these times when thereis such a dearth of men. The councilshould take into consideration whether ornot wo have' reached the limit in the issueof licenses to taxi-drivers." A councillor:"You should go to the National EfficiencyBoard." "Or Fitzgerald: "That boardknows all about it." _ _

An American , writer is of theopinion that the time will yet come whenthe world's supply of petrol will not meettho demand for 'fuel for all the cars andgasoline engines that will be dependent onpetrol for power. His idealistic idea isthat water power and wireless waves willsolve the problem. There are even nowexperimental motors run by wireless waves,and in time this principle will no doubtbo extended to a practical and universalapplication for motor power. In years tocome passenger travelling will be largelyin the air—instead of being dependent onroad surfaces, —and it is quite possible thatall aeroplane engines will be run by wire-less power. This opens up wonderful pos-sibilities. Great power plants would bestationed at the source of the power, andcosts would be paid by licenses imposedon all air travel. All the plane-drivers—andmaybe motorists—would have to do wouldbo to switch into connection with the wavesfor which his motor is tuned, and go—-without carrying fuel—and without enginetrouble It sounds fantastic, but after thegiant strides made in aeronlaning duringthe oast few years it does seem at leastwithin the realms of possibility.

——ln 1917 tho output of passenger carp

in America was 1,700,000. This, however,will probably be reduced to about one-halffor 1918, owing to the fact that most oftho firms have been switched on to muni-tions to a considerable extent. The FordCompany, which is doing an Immenseamount of war work, has cut down its out-put of cars fey 50 per cent. Motor trucksare being used to a vast extent for theconveyance of goods, the railways beingquite inadequate to deal with the volumeof transport. The question of tyres may

prove a- serious problem, in that the im-port of rubber has been limited by_ theU.S.A. Government. Twenty-one millionwere manufactured in 1917, but motoristswill have to do with considerably less thisyear.

BRITISH PLANS.

"''How," asks Mr Henry Sturmey in theMotor, "are British firms, and particularlythose of lesser note and smaller capitalfacilities, to get their share in the overseastrade and carry out a foreign business cam-paign in the way it requires to be done?At present—or, rather, before the war—theysimply let it go by the board, trusting toforeign importers to discover them, andthen they consented to supply them only inreturn for cash at port of shipment. Inthia they could not help themselves, as theyhad not the capital to do otherwise. Witha foreign depot, stocks would be held thereand paid for by customer on delivery, or

on tho usual terms of credit customary inthe particular country concerned, and thomanager of the depot would be on the spotto arrange all details and push for businessin the most efficient manner. As this can-not be done by many firms individually,why should not several combine to do iotogether? If care is taken in arrangingthe combination so that the products donot clash, there should be no difficultywhatever."

SIR ARTHUR DU CROS.

English papers to hand convey the newsthat tho directors of tho Dunlop RubberCo. have appointed Sir Arthur Du Ctob,Bart., M.P., to the chairmanship of thocompany. This gentleman has seen themanufacture of Dunlop tyres rise from asmall affair witl} a wording capital of soma£17,000 to the immense concern it is now,capitalised at £6,000,000, with nearly &

dojzen subsidiary and allieq ,cempanijefl>

44OTAGO WITNESS. September 4, 1918

12 Months'Guarantee

12 Months'Guarantee

No exaggeration—not the slightest. TheseCovers and Tubes were selling at higher

.prices before the War than what we areoffering them for to-day ; and this despitethe fact that Covers and Tubes are dearerby several shillings to-day than they werebefore the War.

That is indicated by the Guarantee we givewith each Cover and Tube. If they wereinferior in any way we would not risk ourreputation by guaranteeing them for 12months. You can be sure of that.

Send early! The supply is limited,and when these are sold it will beimpossible to get this quality at any-where near the above prices.

WE PAY POSTAGE ON ALL CASH ORDERS.

' m ■ D B Si Sir C/ Kg E*B SZ^S rail I I ' & «%llPi«?l

183 GEORGE STREET,

•r •'*--•■-••

Ordinary canyas-lined tyres surfer badly on Colonialroads because of the intense internal friction set up,'which wastes energy and destroys the rubber. In PalmerCord Tyres every single strand of cotton that goes to makeup the cord is insulated. Palmer Tyres yield greatestspeed and gallon mileage, because of their wonderfulPalmer-Cord foundation.AndiPalmers have the finest rough-road tread—the originalthree-ribbed tread—ever moulded on to a tyre.Palmer Cord Tyres are made PalmerFabricreinforces the lower-pricedforMotor Cais ofall weights, Motor Cycle Tyres, all Palme-r CycleMotor Cycles and Aeroplanes. Tyres, and the Tyres for Auto-Wheels

1niHwem&e

THE PALMER TYRE LTDChit/Offius ;uo to 133 Shaftesbury Avenus, London, W.C. mmInquiries lor Oycle, Motor

Cycle, and Motor Tyres to:India Rubber, Gutta Percha& Telegraph Works Co., Ltd.,165 Manchester St., Christ-

church.

4%f2^48mm.wk

mm■£* D/5 q> '■!,;> -i',

■\h il;■■';

Wm:;.,:-•m > IIWita ::;.! mmmmm g^Zy% . Vj>?sK3SU

The membership of the- New ZealandSociety of Accountants was 1753 at ihe endof June last.

PETROL SAVER.

THE "SPEEDLER VAPORISER, whicncan be fitted to .any *motor car or

motor cycls is guaranteed to save one-fourth to one-third of petrol. Car size,255; Motr Cycle ;ize, 15s. It can be pur-chased from

ROBERT MILLER.4s Main street, Greytown.

In these days, with fuel so expensive,you need the resilient, power-savingquality only to be found in Firestonerubber. The new improved

contain an extra quantity of this su-premely good rubber; they give greaterservice at lower costAnd there is no question as to the confidenceand comfort in the riding enjoyed by themotorist whose car is Firestone equipped.A Firestone Catalogue is yours for the asking.

FIRESTONE TYRE DEPOT:145-147 ARMAGH SS\, CHEISTCHURCH.

Post Office Box 616.Agents (or Canterbury, Otago, and Southland.

A. HatrJcte 4k Co, Ltd., W«nsamri and WciiiagtoaGeneralDirtribotor* NEW ZEALANDtbtaimabU at all Important Garagt

mitt Car UkmtratedLUenOar*

:,: mI- :*&

v ;«ly<j

m:■ k

vasm-Si- V.IS* > .

m

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mS *?<%

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m£tt ;;,■'.'■;■

l-..=_S 335 1■---"-■">--"V -~T"l>f"i

lurks at every Greasy Corner!The most careful driver is absolutely powerlessat times to arrest a side-skid—if the tyresfail to grip when the car is checked. Some-times necessity calls for use of brakes—thewheels lock, but the car skids forwardand anything may happen. Again the brakesare applied—and in a flash the car is side-wayson and anything may happen. Many aMotorist's heart is in his mouth—whenhe's crossing a greasy patch. To minimisethese troubles, we strongly recommend our

DUNLOP "RAILROAD"RUBBER NON-SKIDS.

These scientifically constructed coversgive a really wonderfulgrip on greasy

I surfaces—either laterally or driving. /s§&They hold when other patterned coversare skidding, and further—they are thefinest wearing tyres for continuous harddriving on any road. For Service,Safetyand Economy, they stand alone I /]

Sjfj

2£ m. -

wk&^ -*

s&£tj&&M£i»j 'S

Obtainable allLeading Garages.

DUNLOP RUBBER COs,' ALL STATES a N.Z.

each, yielding substantial profits, and withdepots practically all over the world. Thesewonderful developments are chiefly due tothe foresight and enterprise of the newchairman, who is also for the ac-quisition of the rubber plantations, whichare among the Dunlop Co.'s greatest assets.Another of Sir Arthur's schemes—the pro-vision of cotton mills for the manufactureof woven cotton duck for tyre casings—hasboen equally successful, and extension inthi3 direction is likely to bo found neces-sary.

MANUFACTURING MAGNETOS.

In interim reports of Lord Balfour ofBurleigh's Committee on Trade After theWar it is stated that magnetos are a typi-cal example of a "key" industry for motorcars, aircraft, and motor boats. This wasmonopolised before the war by the BoschCompany of Stuttgart. Of 300,000 magnetosimported' 90 per cent, came from them.But for the company's stock in England themilitary position would have been serious.British firms have taken up magneto manu-facture successfully, but the German com-pany, which is also established! in theUnited States, is not likely to abandon itsmarket in England without a strenuouseffort. The British industry will requireassistance. The Bosch Magneto Company inLondon is being wound up. Steps arebeing taken to deal with enemy patents.For five years after the war the importa-tion of magnetos at present enemy originshould be prohibited, subject to license,and a 33 l-3rd per cent, ad valorem importduty should be imposed on all magnetosand' ignition apparatus. For three yearsafter the war Government departmentsshould stipulate in contracts for British-made magnetos.

ARDUOUS SERVICE IN THE TANKDIVISION.

The "'Suicide dub,' as the tank detach-ments are known in the French army, at-tracts many men who have been in servicewhose terms of enlistment have expired.This applies particularly to the ambulancemen. Very many men from the ambulanceservice have gone back into the Alliedarmies after serving their terms on_ thewestern front or in Italy, and invariablythese men strike for either the aviation ser-vico or the tank regiments. Just how theFrench came to term the tank regiment the"Suicide Club" has not been revealcjit is certain that this branch of service isless dangerous than many other forms ofmodern fighting. To fight from the shelterof a tank is much loss dangerous than thewarfare of the trenches, where men areexposed continually to the ~ danger ofmachine gun and rifle fire, gas attack or6hell fire. When it keeps on the move thetanks affords a shifting target for artilleryand is immune altogether to machine gunfire—in fact, it was in an endeavour todevise some protection from machine gunfire, and particularly aeroplane bombs, thatthe British first hit upon the idea of evolv-ing a tank out of the farm tractor.

Service in the tank division, however, isa very exacting grind that requires pluckand nerve. Any man given to fits of"blues" or "grouches" has no business inthe tank service. It requires a_very sunnydisposition to ride bottled up in the diarkinterior of a tank, jostled from side to sideand suffering from the heat and inconveni-ence of cramped quarters. Tank servicein this respect is not unlike the submarineservice, where men have to spewcweary hours huddled together in the darkinterior of the hull, hearing only the in-cessant rattle of machinery and! seeing onlythe mechanism entrusted to their care. Themonster caterpillars are a great drain on theconstitution. A irian must be on the alertevery single moment and must be preparedto stand a terrific nerve strain all thetime. Athletes, experienced warriors, travel-lers, animal-trainers, men who have seenactive service in perilous fields of endeavourfind the tank service just to their liking.

OIL ON TIMOR ISLANDRED-TAPE INTERVENES.

(From Ovu Own Corbespondent.)SYDNEY, August 21.Sir Joseph _ Carruthfcrs, a well-known

figure in -public and commercial life here,has made public some interesting informa-tion about the possibility of securing greatsupplies of oil from the island of Timor.Timor is the most southerly of the DutchEast Indies, and is only 300 miles fromthe West Australian .coast. The easternhalf of tho island belongs to Portugal, andthe concessions to_ mine for oil there areowned by Australians, amongst whom aresome of tha wealthiest men in the com-monwealth. It is stated positively thatsufficient oil can be obtained from thisisland to supply the whole of Australia'sneeds. Preliminary operations had justcommenced when war broke out. Amazingprospects were secured. One end of theisland seems to be bathed in oil. It ieoozing through the coral in all directions.A great hole_ blown in the reef with dyna-mite was quickly filled with thick oil. Abore, down 320ft, tapped a gusher, anda volume of pure oil suddenly spouted tothe top of the derrick. It came at therate of one ton a minute for 10 minutes,and then the bore became ohoked.

The Federal authorities refused permis-sion to utilise the £75,000 required to de-velop these oil discoveries. -The syndicatethen tried to enlist the good offices of theImperial authorities by offering the BritishGovernment one half-share in the conces-sion, free of cost;_ but the thing finallydrifted into the oblivion of pigeon-holes insome department. Then American capital-ists were approached; but just when every-thing, was ready America entered tho war,and they were shut out. So here these oilconcessions remain undeveloped. Labour isabundant (thero _ are 2,000,000 natives onTimor); sea carriage is available; the Aus-tralian market cries aloud for oil. It israther a, pathetic instance of good red-taperegulations being stupidly and blindlyadministered.

SOMES ISLAND.

INQUIRY INTO RECENT ESCAPE.WELLINGTON,. August 31.

The commission of inquiry into theescapo of four German prisoners at SomesIsland at the end of July has found thattho escape was not attributable to anyneglect on the part of any officer, n.c.0.,or soldier. Tho court was impressed withtho great caro and thoroughness of thecommandant. The Minister of Defence isinvestigating the need of improving theaccommodation at Somes Island andMotuihi.

FANCIERS' COLUMN.The Otago Witness lias been appointed the offi-

cial organ lor the publication of announcements»i the Dunedin Fanciers' Olnb.

THE KENNEL.By Terror.

Fanciers and breeders ol dogs are oordially in-vited to oontribute to this column. "Terror" willendeavour to make this department as interestingand up-to-date as possible, but in order to do thishe must have the co-operation of hie readers,hence he trusts thin invitation will bp oneeriuU/responded to.

"A. TV."—Give areca nut powder,enough to cover a sixpenny piece made intoa pill with lard or butter. Place it on thepoint of a. email stick, and' when the dog'smouth has been opened put it down wellover the root, of the tongue and close themouth. No food of any kind should begiven for eight to 12 hours, before the arecanut is administered. Six or eight hoursafter the areca nut a dose of castor oilshould be given. This should have theeffect of removing the worms. It may benecessary to give a second or even a thirddose to completely remove all worms. Atleast three or four days should elapse be-tween each dose. The areca nut may bepurchased from any chemist, but care shouldbe taken to see that it is fresh ground.Oil of malfern or santonine is also used forthe removal of worms. In the former onedrop of • the oil for each pound of thedog's weight is a correct dose, and no foodshould bo given for eight to 10 hours beforethe dose is administered.

There appears to be a prospect of theformation of a controlling body for dogsin New South Wales. Last week a meet-ing was held and the representatives of eightclubs attended. Mr H.. M. Somer, secre-tary of the Royal Agricultural Societyof New South Wales, was in the chair.Tho agreement and constitution drawn upbv the conveners of the meeting were underconsideration, and met with the unanimousapproval of the delegates. It has beenarranged that a copy of the rules shall bediscussed at moetings held by the differentclubs interested, and it is thought that theRoyal Agricultural Society will also recog-nise the new controlling body, also thatin future the Royal shows will be heldunder its rules.

A correspondent writes:—" I read inyour notes last week that you consider thespaniel fanciers in this zone are a littleless attentive to their special breed as re-gards tho inaugurating of a Specialists'Club. Your suggestion that you think thespaniel-breeders and exhibitors could forma body similar to that of 'the bulldog fan-ciers quite meets with the approval of seve-ral of the spaniel followers. In bringingsome light on to forming a club amongstthe spaniel fanciers, this was tried out someyears ago, but fell flat through lack of inter-est and funds, but had this drastic warnot continued so long I think thero wouldhave been formed long ero this a SpanielClub in the South Island quite as strongand sound as the one under the title ofthe South Island Bulldog Club. After tak-ing into account the entries at our lastDunedin (Show, as noted in your columns,that the spaniel entries headed the list, Ithink you will agree .with me that it showsthe spaniel fancy is not by any means dead,and should we be fortunate in being ableto get a_ club soundly, started I feel surethe spaniel entries would call for morethan double the number of pens than thoseallotted at the function mentioned on futureocasions. _ When chatting with several ofthe spaniel men at our last Dunedin Showthey were all of the opinion that a Special-ists' Clubwoukl do wonders towards makingthe spaniel fancy flourish, and promisedtheir_ whole support to such a venture if itcould be brought forward. I myself, likeothers, feel that to-day is not the time tocommence such an undertaking of forming anew club, for the reason that so many ofour members are within military age for ser-vice abroad that it would not be wise totry out just now. When this drastic warterminates and wo have got over the peacejubilations I think would be the earliesttime to commence bringing about the unit-ing of members to form a Spaniel Club,which could embrace not only our localshows, but take in kindred clubs as farnorth as Christchurch, with Invercargill inthe south. The bringing in of these otherdistricts would be the means of getting awider scope for competition, and also getthe backing of solid spaniel fanciers withyears of experience of the breed, and severalhave consented to being a party to anynew Specialists' Club formed to help alongthe interest in spaniels, and I feel certainthat with their aid and support we coulddo wonders as regards improving the breed-ing, and also gain some outside interestwhich has not been forthcoming tho lastyear or two through the lack of the parentclubs in finding sufficient special prizes todraw entries, for without a doubt prizeshave a great- deal to do with entries at ourvarious shows. If a strong club was formedit

_could set about and procure specialprizes outside of the present clubs whichoould be allotted to the different centres

interested, and be the means of drawingmembers to the Specialists' Club, and alsoimprove the numbers of entries in thespaniel sections. I, like other spaniel fan-ciers, quite realise that a Specialists' Club notonly draws its members into cordial friend-ship with each other, but also brings aboutinterest, which to-day is sadly needed to liftup the standard of efficiency in the rearingand breeding of the correct type of spanielwanted for our benches and field work.—•From A. S. Gibson. August 26, 1918."

POULTRY NOTES.Bv Teerok.

Mr E. O. Ayrcs, Rhode Island special-ist, of Timaru, has forwarded me a copyof his mating-list for the current year.It is well got up, and, besides being anadvertisement of the merits of his ownstock, gives a good deal of useful informa-tion regarding the breed Mr Ayres favours.

Recent official figures show that thepoultry industry in New South Wales isin a vory flourishing condition, the annualproduction having advanced from £600.000to over £2,000,000 in a few years. At arecent conference held at Ilawkesbury Col-lego there were over 700 visitors, and it isstated that over 3000 -would have been thetotal if accommodation for such a numberhad been provided.

authority tnat kerosene, so often recom-

mended as a cure for scaly leg in poultry,has a most caustic action on the skin, and,consequently, should not be used pure, butmixed with oil in the proportion—if salador olive oil is used —of one part keroseneto three or four parts oil.

—An egg type hen is a hen that willuse her surplus food for the production ofeggs. A big-boned, coarse hen will puther feed in the production of meat. Thelaying hen is nervous and active. Eggtype hens ought to bo selected accordingto their temperament. Laying hens havesoft, pliable abdomens, not coarse and withheavy fat. Their breastbone is generallyquite pliable, and, although the hen is ingood flesh, the breastbone will not have agreat deal of flesh on it, while the meattype will be well fleshed. A laying 'henshould have good crop capacity; she shouldhave great length of back, and should havelong depth of body, indicating large diges-tive capacity._ By the term depth of bodyas used here is meant) the distance from thepelvic bones just above the vent to thepoint of the breastbone. In a hen that islaying these pelvic bones are also 3in or 4inapart.

—Mr John Davis, M.R.C.S. (England),gives the following suggestion for the cureof windy crops in birds. He says: "Inmy opinion it arises from, a disordered con-dition of the mucous membrane of thecrop, and is often congenital—that is causedby some constitutional defect in one ofthe parents. The symptoms, I take it, arean enlarged transparent dropsical-like swell-ing, seen best at the back of the crop,and there is often a glutinous dischargefrom the mouth and throat. After washingthe mouth out with weak boracic lotion Iapply idodoform powder on the end of amatch, taking care some goes to the bot-tom of the throat. A little water droppedin conveys some of it to the gullet. Al-though this is a very pungent remedy, Ihave never found it fatal, so it can beused fairly freely. Another good remedyis half a. tabloid of. charcoal, slightly mois-tened and passed down tho gullet. Thoproperty of this is to absorb wind or gas.Pricking of the swelling is altogether contra-indicated. Keep the idodoform off yourclothes."

—lnformation has been received fromMelbourne to the effect that at the Bendigocompetition a white Leghorn pullet, namedLady Bendigo, during the period from April1 to July 31—122 days—laid 115 eggs, andthereby equalled the world's record. Lastyear the 115 in 122 days was obtained bya white Leghorn and a black Orpingtonat the Bendigo (Victoria) competition, andby a black Orpington at the Burnley (Vic-toria) competition, so that thero are nowfour birds which are joint holders of thefour months' record.

The main points in with tuber-culosis in poultry are: —(l) The removaland killing of every bird showing yellowin the dtoppjngs, showing a lame walk,wasted condition, an inclination to stay onthe porch late, or go to perch early. (2)Scrupulous care to see that all food is givenon clean boards or troughs. Even greenfood should not be thrown on the ground.(3) The removal of all droppings from thehouse every day, these to be put well outof reach. (4) The greatest care in feedingto avoid over-fatness. An allowance ofanimal food of any kind, including milk, isa decided help. (5) Plenty of_ light andair in the sleeping quarters. This is of thogreatest importance. (6) Avoiding keepingold hens, since they are tho best subjectsfor attack. (7) Keeping up the vigour ofthe flock in every way possible, above allby using mature birds for breeding, rearingunder healthy, natural conditions withoutany kind of coddling, and giving freshground whenever convenient. In otherwords, the gospel of prevention is what wopreach, and 1 those alone who have beenthrough the trouble of an outbreak willrealise how well worth while it is.

Young 'turkey chickens must be care-fully attended to until they are a coupleof months old. The least sign of neglectwill prove costly, and o»9 must make aspecial effort to have the coops thoroughlywell made if the turkev? are being' raisedby natural methods. If foster mothers arebeing employed, nothing but ths. best must,be given a trial. Good, substantial softfood when possible, containing a fair pro-portion of biscuit -meal mixed with skimmedmilk, forms an excellent diet, while plentyof cooked green food will prove bsneficialClean water and grit must be supplied eachclay. Then, if perfect cleanliness is studied,losses will onlv be_ on a email scale. Asthe youngsters continue to grow and makefine birds they will require a separate housefor the sleeping quarters. .This must bewell-lighted, and, above all, well ventilated.Turkeys simply cannot stand confinement;they enjoy freedom, and on _ no accountmust any system of overcrowding be prac-

tised, or results will be most disappoint-ing. There is one- period when turkeys areconsidered somewhat delicate, and that Isduring tho first few months of their lives.Afterwards they can sleep out at nights,and no ill-effects will arise. Many peopleallow their turkeys to roost .in trees, be-lieving that by this method 'they get hardierbirds and better breeding stock.

Cleanliness in the lamp is most import-ant, especially in the little perforations thatallow a supply of air to feed the flame.-A smoking lamp is often duo to the block-ing up of these with soot. A danip wick,an ill-fitting chimney, a broken piece ofmica are all equally common causes olsmoking. In brooders, care must be takenthat no draught blows under the brooderWhere the lamp is underneath. If thebrooder cannot stand on a perfectly levelsurface, tho draught can be kept out by

round the sides with small sods.If this is neglected:, the lamp will not burn,and a chill during the first few days isalways fatal. "Very few chicks survive it.

Messrs Fraser and Co., 146 Crawfordlstreet, Dunedin, agents for the Otago EggCircle, report:—"Epgs: Market steady.Fresh eggs, Is 3d; Otago Egg Circle eggs.Is 4d. Poultry: At our auction sale onWednesday at 1.30 there was a keen de-mand for all classes of poultry. The follow-ing prices were realised :—Hens—two at 2s,12 at 2s 4di, 18 at 2s sd, 13 at 2s 6d,six at 2s Bd, two at 3s, one at 3s 2d;pullets—three at 2s 9d, seven at ss;cockerels—three at 2s 6d, six at 2s Bd, threeat 3s 2d, three at 3s 9d. two at 3s lOd, sixat 4s, one at 5s 7d; ducks—three at 4s, twoat 3s 6di, one at 4s 4d; geese at 4s 6d perhead; turkey hens—five at 10d; gobblers,five at lid per lb live weight. We recom-mend consignments of all classes of poubtry. Tho market from now oh will be verystrong."

The Central Produce Mart. (Ltd.) re-port: "A very small yarding of poultry for *

our sale on Wednesday, all birds realisingextreme prices. Hens, 2s 9d to 3s 9d:cockerels, 3s 3d to 4s 9d ench: ducks, 3s 3dto 4s 6d each. We hold orders for goodtable poultry, and strongly advise those whohavo any poultry for sale to communicatewith us at once. Eggs are in full supply,and meet a ready sale, stamped and guaran-teed in crates realising Is 4di; case eggs.Is 3d. Turkeys: We hold orders for ,goo<sturkeys, and guarantee good prices. Crateaaro supplied free."

SHIPMENT OF BRANDY.CLAIM AGAINST SHIPPING

COMPANY.OHRISTCHURCH, August 29.

In the Magistrate's Court to-day Quill,-Morris, and Co. proceeded against the NewZealand Shipping Company for £4-7the value of brandy not delivered.

For the plaintiffs, it was stated that ahogshead of brandy, forming part of a ship-ment, was delivered empty. • Impressed onthe bill of lading covering the goods thereappeared the words: "Ship not responsiblefor quantity of contents."

The Shipping Company claimed that itwas covered by the impressed clause; butthe plaintiffs held that the defendants hadgiven a receipt for 520 packages of mer-chandise, and the clause quoted merelymeant that, although there might be somequantity which was not apparent from out-side observation, yet this clause did- notreally, affect the particular shipment, anawas never intended to apply to it. Thewords were meant to override or to qualifysection 15 of the Mercantile Law Act, whichmade the signature of the master signingfor the lading conclusive against him. Theplaintiffs contended that the contents ofthe cask were pilfered in the ship. Coun-sel for the defendants pointed out that inthe bill of lading it was specially statedthat the goods were delivered "an apparentgood order and condition." These wordshad received a judicial interpretation, anathere could be no controversy about them.He denied that the contents of the caskhad been pilfered, and submitted that thecask had leaked, and that therefore the de-fendants were free from any responsibilityin the matter. .

After evidence had been heard, the casewas adjourned for legal argument.

ALLEGED DEFAMATION.

ACTION AGAINST DR THACKER.(Fkom Oob Own Correspondent.)

WELLINGTON, August 30.A writ for £SOOO has been issued on behalf

of Lieutenant Alexander Hugh Griersonagainst Dr Thacker, M.P., for alleged defa*mation. It will be alleged that the defama-tory words were contained in a speech byDr Thacker in the Wellington Town HalLThe case will be hoard in Wellington.

Lieutenant Grierson was alleged by theAnti-German League to be a German, andas he was at the time holding the rankof second lieutenant in the New ZealandiForces the allegation was considered to beserious enouph to be investigated by aRnyal Commission. The result of the com-mission was to prove that the allegationsagainst Lieutenant Grierson were . prepos-terous; that he was English; that his fathercame from an old Lancashire family andhis mother from an equally old Hampshirefamily, and that_ the boy's brothers andcousins were fighting with the British army.In due course he went away with the NewZealand Force, but the c.'.himnies againsthim continued. It was alleged that at. thefront he had proved himself a German, andit was variously reported that he had de-serted to the enemy or that he had beenunder restraint as a doubtful man. Therewas one report tha* ho had been shot fortreachery, but as a matter of fact he servedjust like any other soldier, and he sufferedthe bad fortune to be gassed. He is nowback in New Zealand to recuperate, but heis going back again to the front as soon a*he is considered by the medical authoritiesto be welt enough.

September 4, 1918. OTAGO WITNESS. 45

NEW ZEALAND COLLIE CLUB(Registered).

rfllHE OTAGO WITNESS has been ap-■x- pointed the OFFICIAL ORGAN ofthe New Zealand Collie Club (Reg.).

TOM BROWN,Hon. Secretary.

20 Morrison etreet, Caversham.

DUNEDIN FANCIERS' GLUS.HAVE to inform you that the. OTAOO

. WITNESS lias been appointed theOFFICIAL ORGAN of the DunediaFanciers' Club,

E. 8. WILSON, Secretary,94 Princes street.

7th March, 1897. oau

HHHB BRITISH BULLDOG OLUB 0®■i- NEW ZEALAND. •

Dear "Tbbbob,"—At a recent meeting 08the above Club it was unanimously carriedthat vmirbe fch© OFFICIAL ORGAN of the Club,

A. W NICOLSON,17ap Hon. Secretary.

So "Tebbob." caro of OtagoDunedin.

Wellington, August 15, 1910.

DEAR SIR,—I have much pleasure ininforming you that at a Committee

Meeting of this Club, held on the 13thInst., your valuable Paper was UNANI-MOUSLY ELECTED our OFFICIALORGAN for the South Island.—l am, yourofaithfully,

THE FOX TERRIER OLUB OFWELLINGTON, N.Z.

Box 18&H. SHANLEY. &wxreta

SOUTH ISLAND BRITISH BULL-DOC CLUB.

Dunedin. September 2, 1907.Tkbbok." Otago Witness.

DEAR Sir,—l am instructed to informyou that at a meeting of the abovenewly-formed Club the OTAGO WITNESSwas appointed the OFFICIAL ORGAN ofthe Club.—Yours truly,

C. A. HUTTON, Hon. Secretary.

THE SOUTHERN COLLIE CLUBS'CHAMPIONSHIP ASSOCIATION.

■' T|EAR 'TERROR,'—At a meeting of•*-* our Association on June 2, 1916 theOTAGO WITNESS was APPOINTED theOFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE ASSOCIA-TTON.—Yours sincerely,

"JOHN P. WALLS,14ju "Secretary."

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"-RISH TERRIER at STUD. ChampionTawny Thatch (imp.). Card on appli-

cation. Fee, £3 3s.W. PELLETT,

lOap Stratford.

Prices of several popular brands of cigar-ettes have been advanced as from the 27thby 5s per 1000 (says the Dominion). Thiswill result in an extra Id on the packet of10, which was formerly 6d, then 7d, andnow to bo Bd. Some other brands of cigar-ettes were advanced a few months ago, andupon them no additional rise has been made.Tho reasons given for the latest advance,however, are tho same—viz.. tho advance inthe price of the high-grade leaf used incigarette manufacture by 60 per cent., com-bined with the very high prices ruling forall packing materials.

Mr Combs stated in an address at Palmer-ston North recently, that in Japan 8000doctors were employed in medical inspec-tion of schools, and on a population basis,New Zealand should have 200 to be herequal.

Y in POULTRYNew inventionrevolutionises Poultry business. No studying

the moisture question No watching temperature No test-ing or turning eggs. Every tiling Done Naturally.The Natural Chicken Hatcher isrevolutionising thePoultry

business to-day. It has done more towards reducing the costand increasing the output than any other invention in Poul-trydom. It has given the farmer and the small poultry mantheopportunity tocompete successfully with theman who hasthe plant. We can guarantee that you won'tfind another investment that will prove as profitable as thefew shillings paid for the Natural Chicken Hatcher.

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SETTINGS DUCK EGGS may now beOBTAINED from the OROKONUI

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THE STAGE.Contributions from the Profession chronicling

their movements and doings are invited. Adicommunications to be addressed “Pasquin,” OtagoWitness Office.

THEATRICAL AND MUSICALNOTES.

By Pabquih

PRINCESS THEATRE.Fullers’ Vaudeville Company

H.M. THEATRE.September 24 to 28. —J. C. Williamson (Kath-

leen M'Donell).Allen Doone Co.—Dunedin, October 8 to lo;

Invercargill, October 16 to 18; Timaxu,October 21 and 22.

’’The drama’s laws tho drama’s patrons give.And those who liro to pleas* moat plssss to

lire.” )

Tuesday, September 3.The. Kathlene-Macdonell Company opened

an eight nights' season at Auckland onFriday night, under the J. C. Williamsonmanagement. "Romance," by _ EdwardSheldon, was the opening piece, with "TheRainbow," "The Cinderella Man," and arevival of "Daddy Longlegs" to follow.

Sir Hall Oaine, novelist and dramatist,has served Ben and John .Fuller (Ltd.)with a writ for infringing his copywrightin the play "The Woman Thou GavestMe," which was staged in Sydney by theFullers. Sir Hall Caine wrote the book,also a dramatisation thereof. Ho claimsan injunction against Fullers, also damagesfor past infringement of his copyright. Soeays an Australian exchange.

In his new play "Gran'dad Rudd," whichthe author has adapted from Gran'pa'sselection, Steele Rudd carries on the nar-rative of the famous Rudd family of "OnOur Selection." The characters are 20years older.

There have been many rumours aboutCaruso entering the motion picture field,but they have all been denied. "Now,"states the New York Bill Board of June29, "along comes Miss Rumour again, thistime said to be 'definitely settled,' thatthe great tenor has at last heeded to thscall of the film, and has been signed upby Adolnh Zukor for he enormous sum of200,000do"l for his first two features. Pag-liacci will be his first feature, and he willbe assisted by Caroline White, who willplay Nedda."

Mr Courtney Ford (producer of the Scar-let Troubadours, now in Wellington)claimed, at a sitting of the First Welling-ton Military Service Board, that he wasnot a member of the New Zealand Expedi-tionary Force Reserve, because he was anAustralian citizen. He left Australia, hestated, on July 5, and produced hie returnpassport. Thd appeal was allowed.

The opening of the Harry Farrow PottedPantomime Company in "The SleepingBeauty," at the Auckland Opera House,aroused such a storm of protest from thenewspapers of the northern city that afterits initial appearance the company was..withdrawn. Objection was taken to what"was described as "improperly suggestivebusiness as to offend peoplo with anordinary sense of decency."

Within a radius of half a mile squarein New York there are over 60 regulartheatres, besides numerous picture palaces.On one block of land alone 250ft by 350ftfour theatres are built—Schubert, Broad-hurst, Booth, and Plymouth. All the suc-cessful theatres in- America are what arecalled intimate. Everyone is comfortable,and can see all round. There are very fewtheatres built nowadays that eeat morethan 1500 people. Some in New Yorkseat as few as 300. In fact, the "Punchand Judy" only holds 160, and you payfrom 3dol to sdol a seat. "There are hun-dreds of plays tried outside that neverget to New York," states Mr E. J. Taitin an interview given to the New ZealandSporting and Dramatic News. One thingthat struck him was the number of un-employed actors to be found on Broadway,p.nd he has had as many as 60 interviewsin a day.

"The Thirteenth Chair," with Miss Mar-garet Wycherley in the title role (MissWycherley is the wife of the author of thepiece, Mr Bavard Yeiller), is to be seenin Duncdin. ''The Thirteenth Chair" hasaroused much interest and curiosity wher-ever played in Australia. It opens with ascene in* the home of a man of wealth,Roscoe Crosby, who is entertaining hisfriends, demonstrations by a medium beingone- of the attractions of the evening. Thecircle has been formed, and when the cur-tain rise 3 the lights are out. One of theparty at least is desperately in earnest.Edward Wales, who occupies the thirteenthchair, asks the medium to discover whokilled his friend Spencer Leigh.. Just asthe secret which has baffled criminal in-vestigation is apparently on the point ofbeing revealed, the seance is interruptedby an agonised scream, and when the lightsare turned up it is found that Wales_ hasbeen killed in the same way as his friend,with a knife :stab in the back. The in-ference is inevitable—a murderer, whofeared that his guilt was about to be mademanifest has, in order to screen himself,committed a second and similar crime.Then follows the investigation to clear upthd double mystery, deep suspicion falling

on the daughter of tho medium. Theclimax ir? surprising, and few people whohave witnessed the pieco can be prevailedupon to mar tho pleasure of others warintend to see it by divulging' the secret oftho murders. Mr Veiller got his mainidea from a shore series of mystery storiesby Mr Will Irwin, who has also gainedfame as a war correspondent.

Miss Mario Tempest and Mr GrahamBrowne have left for South Africa, wherethey will appear in tho houses controlledby African Theatres Trust (Ltd.), in thesame comedies in which they played inDunedin.

During her long illness the famousFrench actress, Anna Held, whose deathwas announced last week, was tho objectof sympathetic ministrations by theatricaland moving picture artists, who did muchto alleviate the sad period which precededher death. Special screenings of pictureswere arranged for her from timo to time.The aotress herself made only ono essayat studio work when sho was starred in''Madamo la Prssidente" for Morosco. Thepicture proved a keen disappointment bothtoMisslLdd and the producers. Miss Heldsubsequently admitted that her age wasagainst her as a screen star, as the cameramercilessly revealed facial blemishes thatshe herself did not know existed. LianeHold Carrera. a daughter of the late act-ress, is appearing as a picture artiste withthe Fox producers.

Saturday night, August 2*l, marked thetwelfth week of the remarkably successfulrun of "Katinka" at Her Majesty's, Mel-bourne. The piece is running as stronglyas ever, and were it not for the fact thatthe complete production of "Oh, Oh, Del-phine" is ready, and tho play has to beproduced in Melbourne this year accordingto the terms of the contract under whichit was purchased, "Katinka" would haverun the entire season. "Oh, Oh, Delphine"arrives by way of Paris, where it wasoriginated by MM. Georges Berr andMarcel Guillemaud. It was adapted forAmerican production by C. M. S. M'Lellan(who wrote "The Belle of New York") andIvan Caryll (whose melodies have charmedfor some years in several of the most suc-cessful musical plays. At the Shaftesbury,London, "Oh, Oh, Delphine" ran for manymonths. The piece therefore comes to Aus-tralia with the eulogy of three nations be-hind it—France, America, and England.

Mr E. J. Tait, of Messrs J. and N. Tait.has just left for another trip to Americato secure fresh attractions for his firm.This makes Mr Tait's fourth trip in twoand a-half years, and as ho stays < aboutsix months each time, he is beginning towonder whether he is an Australian or anAmerican by now. Famous people alreadybrought to the colonies by the Taits in-clude John M'Cormack, Harry Lauder,Clara Butt and Kennedy Paimford, Calve,Kirkby Lunn, the Hambiu'gs, Besses othe Barn Band, Guy Bates Post, andEmelie Polini. Mr Tait claims that MrPosii lis "tho biggEfcti .sensation in tihedramatic era of Australia, surpassing every-one within tho last 20 years." Tho NewZealand public will no doubt be delightedto know that Harry Lauder again visitshere in 1919. It is also possible that MrJohn M'Cormack may again tour NewZealand next year. The Taits. by theway, are Australians, and they can muster20 children amongst them, _so they canhave quite a company of their own if theydesire to train them for the stage.

'"Adam" in the Bulletin: "Someonementions the fact that Mary > Pickfordstartedi her stage career in Australia. Marycame from Dunedin (M.L.), where she at-tained some prominence as an amateurunder her correct name, Dolly _ Nicholson.Dad being interested in the fruit industry,the family migrated to California. Dolly,aided by a letter of introduction fromJohnny Sheridan to his brother, became amember of the A.B. Company, with MabelNormand, Alice Joyce, and others. Latershe changed her name to the now famousone of Mary Pickford." Whether there isany truth in this pronouncement "Pasquin"is unable to say.

The well-known comedian Mr Joe Bren-nan (late of "The Dandies"), who rirstcame into prominence on a Dunedin stage,is playing with Mr Sydney James in"Pierrot Pie" at the Playhouse, Sydney.The Kennedys (Laurie and Lance) and MissDorothy M'Bride. a trio who played at thelocal Princess under the Fuller management,are included in the company.

Kittv Gordon, the English actress, is suingthe World Film Corporation for_ £2250damages, claimed in respect of injuriesalleged to have been caused by the prema-ture explosion of a bomb while a battlefieldscene was being filmed for " The BelovedAdventuress." The star has a furtheraction pending aerainst the World Film Cor-poration, in which she claims £SOOO damages.

WELLINGTON WING WHISPERS.

Bt Peteb Paw._ August 29.

Dear "Pascjiiin,"—There is not muchdoing in the theatrical world this week.The Grand Opera House has a tenant forthree nights this week, a conjurer rejoic-ing in the name of Lee Toy Chung, and heis assisted by a hypnotist, ProfessorD'Almaine, and several vaudeville artists.The company opened to a splendid houseon Wednesday.

Allen Doone will break the monotony onWednesday next, when he will present''Lucky O'Shea." Doone is a great favour-ite in Wellington, and should have a goodseason.

Sara Allgood and the "Peg o' Mv Heart"Company are on the West Coast. The com-pany will also' play Blenheim. Nelson, andthe ''smalls" of this province before appear-ing in Wellington. Malini is also in theMarlborough province, having motoredthrough from Christchurch.

Haverley's Musical Farce Company is stillproingr strong at His Maiestv's, where alsoMaude Courteney arid Mr C. Napier andYvonne, and Graham's Marionettes havestar places on the programme.

Leo D. Chateau is about to join thestaff of New Zealand Picture Supplies, andit is understood will, with Barrie Marschel,tour the picture of Gerard's " Four Yearsin Germany."

PRINCESS THEATRE.The change oi programme and the intro-

duction of new artists at the PrincessTheatro on the Ist did not fail to draw alargo attendance. The building, if notactually full, was not "very far short of it,and the marks of approval that fell continu-ously from those present showed that theperformance was thoroughly enjoyed. Themajor portion of the evening was occupiedby Al Bruce and "His Rosebuds," a bevyof young ladies who present an excellentstage appearance on the lines approved bypatrons of vaudeville. The chief charactersin "Lulu"—such is the name of the musicalcomedy staged—were supported by Misses

Mabel Morgan, Ruby Kennedy, Elvie Stag-poolc, Winnie Trevail, Messrs Al Bruco,Sam Clark, Hall Scott, Robert Raymond,and Sam Wallace; all of whom played well.There are several good ballets, and muchpretty music in "Lulu." some of thesongs being of a better description than iafrequently heard. Among the best musicalitems may be mentioned "Lulu," " ThoGoo-goo Man," and "Wedding Bells." Inthe earlier part of the evening the GilfainTrio, consisting of one male and two ladyperformers, made their lirst appearance, andsecured a very flattering recognition. Theygivo a musical turn intermingled with danc-ing, and a feature of it is the Irish andScotch pipe playing of one of the ladies.All three can claim to be vocalists, anddirect their attention chiefly to a variety ofnational music. Their performance tookwell. James and Selma made a re-entryon a Dunedin stage after a somewhatlengthyabsence, and gained the hearty good-will of those present in a variety of music,dialoguo, and burlesque sketches. Tho pro-gramme was completed by the appearance ofBrull and Ilemsley, and Miss Violet Tre-venyon, the latter having to return to thestage several times before she was allowedto make her final exit.

CASUALTIES.Mrs_ J. Rauch, a resident of Hawera for

over 70 years, died on the 31st ult. Thedeosased was attending a party the pre-vious evening, when she was taken ill. Itis understood that death was due to hearttrouble.

The dead body of Philip A. E. Sydney,farm labourer, aged 19 years, was found inManukau Harbour. Ho had been missingsince August 22.

Herbert Edward Taylor, aged 49 years,who was imprisoned for assaulting his wife,stabbed himself in the chest with a plas-terer's trowel. Tho wound was attendedto. The man was found to be sufferingfrom mania, and was removed to a mentalhospital, where he died.

A farmerflamed Frank Poppe, aged 34-years, cut his throat at Marton on the 31stult. He leaves a widow and four _ chil-dren At the inquest a verdict of suicide,due to mental depression through alcoholicindulgence, was returned.

Rita Robson, aged 17 years, was knockeddown at Christcharch on tho 31st ult. bya horse and gig driven by WilliamO. M'Kenna. crock agent.

_

The girlwas taken to the hospital, "where shedied on the Ist instant. At the inquesttho evidence showed that the horse wastrotting about six miles an hour, and asthe gig came past the step caught the girl,throwing her underneath the gig. M'Kennasaid ho pulled the horse out from the girl,and he was surprised to find that the stepof the gig struck her. He added that thogroup consisted of young and irresponsiblepersons, and he thought the accident wasnot his fault.—"How no fault of yours?"said the coroner. —' They did not move."The witness, said he thought they wouldgive a bit, and that he would miss them.—"It was a miscalculation on your part,"said the coroner. "The onus is on peopleto take care." A verdict was returned thatdeath was due to a fracture of the skull,caused by being knocked down by a gigdriven by W. C. M'Kenna.

James" Marshall, aged 18 years, whosemother resides at Claremont, was killed onSaturday night while cycling into Timaru.He collided with a trap. The shaft struckhim in the chest, and he died immediately.

An inquest was held on Monday after-noon on the body of Walter James Biggs, asingle man, aged 33 years, who was founddead in hie bed on afternoon.Deceased, who had never enjoyed goodhealth from childhood, owing to spinaltrouble, was employed by Messrs Wrightand Co., bakers. He went home from workabout 1 o'clock on Saturday afternoon, andwent to bed. When seen by his motherabout 4- o'clock he seemed to be quit©well, but on visiting his room about twohours later she found that he was dead.Evidence was given by Dr Cotterill thatdeath was probably due to some cerebraldisease, possibly hemorrhage. Mr J. R.Bartholomew returned a verdict in accord-ance with the medical evidence. SergeantM'Kenzie represented the police.

WRECK OF THE HIMITANGI.

CAPTAIN HELD BLAMELESS.WELLINGTON, August 30.

A magisterial inquiry concerning thewreck of the Himitongi at the Chathamson July 29 was held to-day, when evidencewas heard.

The finding of the court was:—The courtis of opinion that the wreck was causedthrough the vessel striking an unchartedreef near Monau, on 'the west side of CapePattison, during a squall on the night ofJuly 28, whilst running between "WaitangiBay and Kaingaroa, and that the positionof the vessel at the time of the wreck wasdue 'to a strong inset from the north-west,which carried her inshore and off the courseset by Captain Thompson. The court con-siders that there is no evidence to showthat tho wreck was caused by, or contribu-ted to, by any wrongful act or default ofCharles Thompson, master, or any of hisofficers or crew. The court is also satisfiedthat the courees set by Captain Thompsonwere safe courses under ordinary circum-stances, but we think some record of thesecourses should have been kept by him lnecaptain's certificate will be returned to him,and no order will be.made as to costs.

46OTAGO WITNESS September 4, 1918

Ist Canterbury Regt.Badge Brooch. 18-ct*

Gold and Enamel.£3 15 0

Royal Navy Cap BadgeBrooch. iB-ct. Gold,

Palladium and Enamel.£4 10 0

V HE craftsmanship ofthe Goldsmiths &

Silversmiths CompanyGoldsmiths by appoint-ment to His Majesty theKing—has converted Mili-tary or Naval Badgesinto brooches and safetypins of exquisite work-manship, preserving abso-lute accuracy.

Badges of all British Regi-ments, whether of Homeor Overseas Contingents,can be obtained at pricesto suit all purses, in goldor palladium, or set withprecious stones.

A Catalogue of Militaryand Naval Jewellery willbe mailed free on request.

The Goldsmiths & Silver-smiths Company Ltd. haveno branch establishments inany country in the world;only one address, 112Regent Street, London*Orders by post should beplainly addressed.

New Zealand Badge Brcoch.15-ct. Gold £2 15 018-ct. ~£3 7 6

The Freedom of the City of London was presentedto the Rt. Hon. F. W. Massey and the Rf. Hon.Wm. Morris Hughes in caskets designed and manu-

factured by the Goldsmiths & Silversmiths CompanyofLondon.

ICM2TSMITHS & SILVERSMITHSwith which is incorporated The Gold-

\© 9 smiths' Alliance, Ltd., Established 1751.

112 Regent Street, London, W. i.

But restore your grey and fadedhairs to their natural color withLOCKVER'S SULPHUR

f - Sold Everywhere.Lockyer's gives health to the Hairand restores thenatural color.

It cleanses the scalp, and makes the most perfect Hair Dressing.This world-famed Hair Bestorer is prepared by the great Hair

Specialistß,J.PEPPEß&CO.,LTD.,BedfordLaboratorieß,ljondon,B.E.,and canbe obtained fromany Chemists and Stores throughoutthe World.

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PRICES/ London, Liverpool;*(Manchester, Glasgow?

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pRIN rE S S TnF.A TR E.' EVERY EVENING AT 8.

Bon and John Fuller presentAL. BRUCE AND HIS ROSEBUDS

In a 80 Minutes’ Musical Farce.LULU.

With Big Vaudeville Attractions.GILFAIN TRIO,

International Songs and the Famous IrishPipes’ Parade.

LEW JAMES & REIN A SEMLA.Odd Moments in a Vaudeville Way.

VIOLET TREVENYON. Saucy Songs.BRULL & HEMSLEY;

Dance and Character Comedy.SCALE OF PRICES: D.C. and 0.5.,

2s Id ; STALLS, Is Id; UPPER CIRCLE,6d. Box Plan at TILE BRISTOL. Book-ings, 6d.

C. H. Dawson & Company.

BILL-POSTERS and SIGN WRITERS.Dee street, INVERCARGILL. Har

Ing secured the Sole Right of New_ Footballand Sports Grounds for Advertising Pur-poses, we are prepared to enter into OONTRACTS for same at Lowest Rates. Wereserve 30 x 10 boards for Theatrical pur-poses. 30ju

WHAT DOCTORS PRESCRIBEFOR INDIGESTION.

Physicians who have specialised in thetreatment of stomach troubles are naturallyin a position to judge intelligently as tothe best thing to use. It is therefore amatter of interest to those who suffer fromindigestion, gastritis, dyspepsia, pain aftereating, heartburn, eto., to learn that physi-cians who have devoted their lives to thealleviation of human suffering are moroand more instructing these sufferers to geta package of Bisurated Magnesia from thechemist and take a lialf-teaspoonful in alittle hot water immediately after eating oj:

whenever pain is felt. Doctors who pre-sence Bisurated Magnesia do eo becausethey know it gives quick relief in nearlyevery instance—because it is not a secretremedy, and because no ill-effect followsits use. For these reasons sufferers fromdyspepsia, indigestion, and stomach troublesgenerally are strongly advised to get a.package of Bisurated Magnesia from

%

theirnearest chemist and begin its use withousdelay. 690

MULTUM IN PARVO

Guatemala is tho nineteenth official foeof Germany.

More than 10,000 firms, with 2,500,000employees, aia naking munitions in GreatBritain.

A mill has been started in Scotlandwhich Is capable of - turning out 200 tonsof paper a week from sawdust.

Some of tho British battleships havosearchlights so powerful that a newspapermay be read by. their light by a person18 miles away.

Shortage of tinplate has made it im-perative that every second-hand tin or caseshall be put to the best possible use.

The famous collection of photographstaken by the late Sir Benjamin Stone hasrecently been insured for no less a sum than£IO,OOO.

Sinco tho construction of the Queen'sWharf, Auckland, in ferro-concrete, it hascost the board practically nothing to main-tain.

One of the first essentials in tho workof successful reconstruction (says the Lyt-telton Times) must be an improvement intho workers' lot.

While in 1886 the number who ob-jected to state their religious belief in thecensus returns was 19,889, the number in1916 was 25,577.

Between the years 1911 and 1916 theCongregationalists in New Zealand de-creased by 535, Lutherans by 947, and thoseprofessing no religion by 1218.

The velocity with which sound travelsthrough water is more than four times asgroat as through the air. As long ago as1827 the sound of a bell under water wastransmitted over 21 miles.

A retired American soap manufac-turer has made a bequest of £2200 for"homeless cats and dogs," the carefully-invested money, however, not to be avail-able until 2163, by when, it is expected,it will have increased to more than£40,000,000.

—At the taking of the last census inNew Zealand 515 males and 137 femalesreturned themselves as Agnostics, 3394males and 1052 females as Freethinkers,382 males and 237 females as Rationalists,592 males and 703 females as Spiritualists.

The aeroplane "Nottingham," pre-sented to New Zealand by the Nottingham(England) Chamber of Commerce, to helpto form the nucleus of an Imperial AirFleet, is engaged at present fighting on theWestern front.' —The strongest animal exists entirely onvegetable food. An elephant is a matchfor several lions, and is a vegetarian. Theanimals with most speed and endurance—-the horse, the reindeer, the antelope, andothers—are also vegetarians.

no less than 300,000 Peruvians who haveChinese and Japanese blood in their veinsto such an extent that the Oriental charac-teristics are prominent .u, meir features,and many Peruvian—giris^-attempt to hidetheir trait by wearing dark glasses.

—ln New Zealand there are 6879 per-sons of 80 years and over, 529 of 90 yearsand over, and 12 havo reached the century,tho oldest resident in the country beinga man of 105 years. Contrary to usual be-lief, the malei predominate UP to the ageof 92, when the females take tne uo«=».d-ancy and keep it up to the ..hree-figuremark.

, __

Miss Edith Aiken-, aged 23 years, aschool teacher, has died at London,Ontario, as the result of the removal of apiece of skin from her arm to be graftedon her wounded brother, Lieutenant-colonelAiken. The officer's condition was criticalwhen grafting was resorted to, and becausein such operations no anaesthetic can beused, Miss Aiken bravely sat consciousthrough it all. Her brother is now pro-gressing favourably.

—There are in New Zealand 4079 malesand 2800 females 80 and over, 262 malesand 267 females 90 and over, six males andsix females 100 and over. At 90 there are66 males and 55 females; at 91,. 29 and 38respectively; at 92, 23 and 26: at 93, 13and 25; at 94, 12 and 15; at 95, eight and11; at 96, six and 11; at 97, four and four;at 98, four and six; at 99, two and two;at 100, five and six.

Using a silk .handkerchief in the formof the American flag to clean his eye-glasses, Joseph Pearlstein, a New Yorkclothier, aged 60 years, found his fellow-

Eassengers on a tram car rising to attackim. Realising Pearlstein's danger, Wil-

liam Dwyer said, "I arrest him," and thecrowd, believing that Dwyer was a detec-tive, ceased its threatenings. Pearlsteinwas fined £6O on a charge of disorderlyconduct. *-

—Up till now, the record price for apearl necklace bought in the open marketBtands at £53,020, whioh was the sum paidfor ono of 240 pearls in Paris sevenvears ago. The highest price recorded in

an English auction room so far is £24,000,paid for a three-row necklace of 193 pinkpearls at Christie's in June. 1916 Thebiggest sum ever paid for any kind of neck-lace anywhere was the £85,000 handed overby Cardinal do Rohan for the famous dia-mond one which he proposed to present toQueen Marie Antoinette of France.

The British income tax penalises mar-riage. If two medical practitioners, earn-ing £SOO a year each, and paying £45 eachin° income tax are imprudent enough tomarry and continue their several -practicesMr Bonar Law will mulct the happy pair,whoee aggregate earnings will not havechanged, of £125 on tho joint income, theresult being a fine of £35 per annum oncheir going through the ceremony of mar-riage.

—lt was firmly believed in ancient timesthat in Tartary there grew a tree whosefruit, when out open, revealed "withinnea lyttle Beast© in Flesoho in Bone andBlode as though it were a lyttle Lambwith outer wolls." This vegetable lambwas used for food, it was said, and the"wolle" was made into cloth. Tho strik-ing resemblance of tho white, fluffy fibresof tho bursting cotton-pod to the wool ofsheep was" the basis of this fantasy andthe origin of our inaccurate term, "cottonwool."

During the first nine months of lastyear tho Federated Malay States Govern-ment invested £2,800.000 in British WarLoans, making a total _of about £6.000.000so invested up to that time. The presenta-tion of a super-Dreadnought bv the nativeruler3. and a cash gift amounting to nearly£400.000. with more to follow, is no meanrecord of assistance from these small States,whose population is little more than1,000,000 all told. In addition to a tank,and numerals aeroplanes from individuals,and generous public and personal contribu-tions to tho Red Cross and other warfunds, tho Government and general publichave established, and are maintaining, inEngland, a F.M.S. Military Hospital oftver 200 beds.

DRAUGHTS.CONDUCTED BI JOS. ABEB.NETHY.

Solutions of problems, games, and analyses In-vited for this column. Games should bo writtenin six columns as below, and all correspondenceaddressed to tho Draughts Editor.

PROBLEM 4412.By Jas. Gardiner, Westpoit.

Black

Black -to play end win.

PROBLEM 4413.By "W. O'Mai/ley, Queenstown.

Black.

White.Black to play and win.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.Ignobamus.—No need to apologise; if we

can supply any information' it affords usunqualified pleasure, and therein is thereward. There are two "Goosewalks," botharising from the "Single Corner." Theordinary "GooseTOalk" is formed thus:11 15, 22 18, 15 22, 25 18, 8 11, 29 25, 4 8,24 20, 10 15-A, 25 22, 12.16, which oftentempts the novice to play 27 24, the"Goosewalk." Black wins as. follows:15 19, 24 15, 16 19, 23 16, 9 14, etc. (a) If12 16, 26 22, then 10 15 forms, the Black"Goosewalk," -which loses by 23 19, 16 23,20 16. They are -worth knowing.

W. O'M., Queenstown.—Alteration noted.You are correct about the 32 28 buthe knew that before. Quite «, number ofpoints have been discovered in the courseof analysis, however, that were not sus-pected before. The position is a verysubtle one.

J. G-., Westport—You would understand whyno mention was made of your letters lastweek. Your final one with analysis for adraw was anticipated by Mr Hillikex. Willgive your lines with solution wherenecessary.

A. &., Waimate.—You are correct about the32 28 draw in Tom Sayers' position. Yourother play will probably be dealt with insolution to Mr Hilliker's.

B>. K., Tapanui.—Your solution to Problem4409 is correct, but at 12th move 14 10is not the best play. Thanks for problem-.

T. S., Ounaru.—Your play on Problem 4401received, but it is not so strong as thatgiven in solution. Several solvers wentthe same way, and were dealt with in anearlier issue.

GAMES.Played in a tournament between Mr G-.

Holden (Port Chalmers) and the late A.Matheson.

Game 3660—“Ke150.”

(a) Probably played under a misapprehen-sion ; 80 26 makes an interesting ending.Holden -was evidently “off colour,” for in. thesecond game of the ■pair he came to griefin attempting a shot which was not there.

The following pair was played in the sametournament under the two*-morerestriction :

(a.) Identical positions.(b) 26 23, 19 26, 31 22 gives White a good

game; the text move loses.Game 3662—“Double Comer."

Played in <i Brunswick v. Melbourne teammatch between Messrs J. Boy lea and H.Egan.—Melbourne Times.

Game 8663—“Denny.”

(a) The 11 15 reply confines this line. 11 1Gis a poor answer.

(b) Can be brought up from the 25 22 linothus:—lo 14, 22 17, 7 10, 17 13, 37, 25 22,14 17, 21 14, 9 25, 29 22, 23 19, 7 11.

(c) Off. the usual track. _ 20 1G is the playgiven in Barker's "A.C.P."

(d) The "newcomer" should nolo that 10 14is played to avoid) 11 7,2 11, 37, and a goodgame for White.

(e) Given up as a draw.

White.

CHESS

OTAGO v. WELLINGTON.On Saturday evening, at the Otago Chess

Club's rooms, the first session of the annualtelegraphic match with Wellington wasopened. The northern team consists ofMessrs Barnes, Mason, Bavies, Mackay, Kel-ling, Still, James, Godstschalk, Gyles, Leo,Taylor, xSruton, Clark, and White; and thelocal players opposing them are, in ihe corre-sponding order, Messrs Cleland, Balk, Stew-art, Hamel, Ellis, Stenhouse, Coombs, Amt-man, Wright, Myers, Ward, Allen, Frieberg,and! Henderson—l 4 a-«ido. Adjourning at alate hour, only one game had been decided,this being a loss to Otago at board 3. Thelocal player, after obtaining an advantageousposition, made an. unfortunate blunder.

At board 10 the Otago man ie in troubledwaters, while this is counterpoised by pros-pects at board 13. The adjourned positionsof all the others are apparently very even.The match will be resumed on Saturday.Messrs Gillies, Wattson, and Alexander as-sisted) as scrutineers.

PERSONAL ITEMS.Mr C. E. Torlesse, manager of the Wai-

mate branch of the Union Bank of Aus-tralia, has been appointed manager of theTimaru branch.

Mr James Fairley, who died at PortChalmers on the 26th ult. in his 84th year,arrived at Port Chalmers with his wife, inthe ship Jura, in 1858. Ho settled at thePort, and, as a shipwright by trade, Wasclosely associated with the development ofthe place. The deceased was an old andesteemed member of Court Robin Hood,of ihe Ancient Order of Foresters, andwas also the senior member of thePort Chalmers Presbyterian Church. Heis survived by a son and four daughters.

The death of Canon William S. Lucas,aged 70 years, occurred at Nelson on the25th, Previously a master in Native schools,being stationed at Otago Heads, and laterat Lyttelton, he entered the ministry, andwas ordained deacon in 1888. In 1889 hewas ordained priest, and appointed toCharleston, in the Nelson diocese. From1891 to 1900 he was vicar of Waikouaiti andPalmerston. He was appointed a canon ofSt. Paul's Cathedral, Dunedin, in 1895one of six similar appointments which werethe first of their kind made here. In1900 he returned to the Nelson diocese toacoept the position of vicar of Wakefield.He was appointed vicar of All Saints',Nelson, in 1904, in which position he re-mained until 1916, when he resigned onaccount of ill-health. Canon Lucas camefrom a well-known West of England family.The international cricketer, A. P. Lucas,was his cousin, and the canon himself, inhis young days, wr as a member of thefamous Lucas eleven. Two of his sons aredoctors, and his elder daughter is a nurse.

Mr James Begbie, who died at Dunedinon the 25th, arrived at Port Chalmers 43years ago. He proceeded to _ the Arrow-town diggings, where he carried on busi-ness as a general merchant for about 30years. Leaving the Lake County districthe came to Dunedin, where he resided upto the time of his death. Ho leaves awidow and eight- children—four boys andfour girls. One of the sons is on activeservice in France, while another has re-turned wounded.

A large number of residents of Miltonand the surrounding district assembled inthe Coronation Hall on Friday, 23rd ult.,when a valedictory social was tendered toMr J. W. Petrie and family prior to theirdeparture for Gore, where Mr Petrie hasbeen appointed to the position of managerof the National Bank after occupying asimilar position in Milton for the past 25years. Among those present were a numberof the Dunedin Commercial Travellers'choir. The Mayor presided, and duringthe course of the evening's festivities pre-sented Mr and Mrs Petrie, on behalf ofthe gathering, with a purse containing 85sovereigns, in recognition of their valuableand extensive public services. Severalspeakers also made complimentary -referenceto the good qualities of the guests, andspoke warmly of their untiring labours inthe interests of all public and patrioticmatters.

One of the most keenly interested spec-tators of the tunnel celebration at Arthur'sPass on Wednesday was Sir John Dennis-ton, whose connection with the West Coastgoes back to the sixties. Sir John wasthen employed in a bank, and his dutiesin connection with the buying of gold tookhim to the principal mining rushes.

The following appointments of officers toKing George V Convalescent Home, Roto-nia. are notified:—Captain (temporary lieu-tenant-colonel) A. S. Herbert, M.8., N.Z.Medical Corps, to bo principal medicalofficer, and to command N.Z. Medical CorpsDetachment (April 1). Major (temporarylieutenant-colonel) H. O'B. Deck, M.8.,N.Z. Medical Corps, to be surgical specialistand second in command, N.Z. Medical CorpsDetachment (Juno 1). Lieutenant (tempo-rary captain) T. W. Maben, N.Z. MedicalCorps, to be quartermaster and adjutant(August 3).

Mr A. W. Rodger, president of the South-land League, has agreed to take up thework of organising the business men of thedominion who have interested themselvesin the Efficiency Board's proposals. It isprobable that the business men's movementwill be kept distinct from that of the N.Z.Alliance, though the objective will bo thesame.

A Press Association telegram states thatMr Thomas L. Hart has been unanimouslyelected chairman of tho Waimate CountyCouncil, in succession to tho late Mr Robt.Heaton Rhodes.

Mr Gordon Gilmour, the war correspon-dent of the Australian Press Associationon tho western front, whose interestingcable messages are read with such interest,was eomo six years ago a member of TheDominion literary staff. Ho left Welling-ton for Sydney and joined the staff of theSun, and later still worked for the SydneyDaily Telegraph.

A pleasing function took place last weekat Gisborne, the occasion being the sixty-first birthday Sir James Carroll. Anumber of Maori and pakeha friends as-sembled at the Masonio Hotel and con-gratulated Sir James on having reached, a

further milcstono in his life's journey. SirJames Carroll, in his reply, stated that he-had concluded 31 years of continuous ser-vice in tho Parliament of New Zealand,which was a record for tho whole Empire.He also stated that ho held tho record asfar as length of period was concerned inregard 'to Ministerial rank. In conclusion,Sir James said that it was tho fust birth-day ho had celebrated in Gisborne, as onmost occasions Parliament had been sitting,and his natal day had been celebratedwithin tho portals of the ParliamentaryBuildings.

Flight Lieutenant T. Dawson, son of MrRobert Dawson, of Master-ton, who re-cently descended in Denmark, and was in-terned, has cabled to his parents that hehas effected his escape.

A Press Association message states thatMr R. S- Floranco, Assistant Magistratein the Gisborne district, who is being re-tired, has been 21 years on the bench, andhas sat in 21 courts in various portions ofthe dominion. Ho retains the position ofDistrict Land Registrar and Examiner ofTitles.

At a social function in the KaitangataChurch of Christ, Mr and Mrs A. G.Rogers were the recipients of a handsomedining room clock from the members of thechurch. Mr T. S. Cairns made the pre-sentation, and wished the guests a veryprosperous life in Dunedin. The recipientsduly acknowledged the gift. A programmeof vocal and instrumental items made thefunction a very enjoyable one.

Word has just como to hand from London(says tho Christchurch Press) that the Cen-tral Executive of the Navy League has Con-ferred on Mrs E. Baird Friberg—well knownin art circles in Christchurch—the "specialservice" decoration for work done on behalfoi tne sailors of his Majesty's fleet, whileshe was secretary of the - Ladies' Auxiliaryat Picton, Marlborough. Mrs Friberg visitedChristchurch recently while en route to hernew homo in Dunedin.

A meeting of the Southland Presbyterywas held at the Wallacetown Church onWednesday, 28th ult., when the Rev. J. S.Ponder was formally inducted to the Wal-lacetown charge. There was a large as-semblage, and Divine service was con-ducted by the Rev. J. S. Young, who after-wards welcomed Mr Ponder in the name ofthe Presbytery, and whilo ho felt that MrPonder would be a decided acquisition, be-cause of his varied gifts and wide experi-ence. A letter was also received from MrPonder's predecessor. Rev. A. Begg, who isnow at Highfield, Timaru.

The Rev. G. H. Mann, who is in thethird year of his pastorate of the GoroMethodist Church, has accepted a unani-mous invitation to the Cambridgo TerraceMethodist Church, Christchurch.

News has been received in Christchurchthat Major J. H. Fairweather, D.5.0., atpresent serving with the Mesopotamian Ex-peditionary Force, has been promoted toLieutenant-colonel, and appointed Assistant-Director of ther Inland Water Transport-

Miss Florence Kernohan, who has takena prominent part in religious and sociallife during her two years' residence inKaitangata, and is leaving shortly for thoNorth Island, was tho guest of the Kaitangata Tennis Club, and also of the membersof the Methodist Church, on the eveningof the 28th ult. A valuable lady's toilet setwas presented to Miss Kernohan as amark of the Tennis Club members' esteemand appreciation for many services rendered.The president referred to the recipient asa real sport, who could always be dependedupon to fill a gap in teams. Miss Kerno-han briefly returned thanks for the presentand the kind remarks of the president andmembers of the club. Later in the even-ing the Rev. O. St Pearn, at a social func-tion, held in the church, asked Miss Ker-nohan's acceptance of three presents—Tenny-son's works, a bound copy of the MethodistHymn Book, and a p'rettilydesigned goldpendant, set with pearls—from church mem-bers, the choir, and the Sunday school re-spectively. The speaker said much creditwas due Miss Kernohan for her activities inchurch and Sunday school matters. Hejoined with all friends of the young lady inwishing her God speed and a happy andlong life of prosperity. Miss Kernohan, inreply, stated that she had enjoyed her twoyears' residence among many good friendsin Kaitangata.

Dr Roberts, who has been lecturer onpathology at the University of Otago 6i'nco1885 and professor of that subject since1909. terminated his long and honourableconnection with the teaching staff of thatinstitution, Thursday, 29th ult. His stu-dents this year in pathology presented himwith a token of their esteem in the form ofa case of pipes, Mr J. Cairney making thepresentation on their behalf.

#

Dr Roberta,in acknowledging the good wishes that weroconveyed to him from his classes, illustratedthe growth of the Medical School by men-tioning that in his first year as a lecturerhe had one pupil in his class, and that inthe second year there was none'. This yearthere are about 30 students in the pathologyclass.

Mr J. E. MacManus, formerly secretaryof the General Labourers' Union, and no'tlong since returned from active service, hasbeen nominated for tho position of organiserof the Agricultural and Pastoral Workers'Association of New Zealand, and is likelyto be elected to that office.

Miss Grace K. Marshall has been ap-pointed sole teacher at Wharetoa; MissJessie Gordon sole teacher, Glonore; andMiss M. E. C. Morrison sole teacher atKokonga.

Nurse Little, who was on the Marquettewhen it was sunk in the Mediterranean,arrived in Christchurch on Thursday withsick and wounded soldiers, and left for thesouth with the Otago contingent.

Mr R. D. Vcitch, of Dunedin, has beenappointed a justice of the peace.

The appointment of Messrs AlexanderBarron and Robert Murray as members ofthe Waitahuna Domain Board is gazetted

On the 25th Mr J. Porteous completed 21years of service as clerk of WaikouaitiCounty Council, and at the meeting of thecouncil yesterday Cr Orbell, who_ was chair-man when Mr Porteous was appointed, con-gratulated him on behalf of the councillorsand ratepayers, and referred in highly com-

Elimentary terms to the manner in which head discharged his dutiop as clerk.It is reported from Melbourne that Dr

John Smyth, principal of the Teachers'Training College, will probably be appointedProfessor of Education at the meeting ofthe Melbourne University Council on Sep-tember 2. Under the proposed arrange-ment, which it Li practically certain willbe accepted by the Governm-ent, Dr Smyth,who was at one time head master of theGladstone School, Invercargill, will receive£9OO a year, of -which £6OO, provided bytho Education Department, will be paid tohim for his work as principal of tho Train-ing College, and the other £3OO will besupplied by the University Council. At

present Dr Smyth receives £6OO a year nsprincipal of tho- Training College, "and isprovided with quarters. Under the newarrangement he will cease to enjoy resi-dential privileges at the Training College.

It was announced by the chairman (MrH. C. Tewsley), of the New ZealandSocietv of Accountants, at a meeting inWellington on Wednesday evening, that MrPeter Barr, who was a member of tho De-fence Commission, and who suffered a nerv-ous breakdown, is now making a rapid re-covery. Mr Barr is at present recuperat-ing in tho Rotorua district.

Mr Benno Scherek and Mrs Seherck, whoare well known in New Zealand, reachedAustralia from America a few day 3 ago.The distinguished musician hag been resid-ing in Neiv i York during the last threeyears, coaching artists and teaching. Achance meeting with _Mr Tallis led to himreturning to Australia, to join tho J. C.Williamson firm in Melbourne.

Having spent the last six years as Col-lector of Customs at Dunedin, Mr T. M.Cullen, who has seen 40 years' service withtho department, has retired on superannua*tion. Mr Cullen was presented with a smallmemento on behalf of the Customs staff ofDunedin hy ilr J. MTntosh, who expressedthe_ esteem in which Mr Cullen was hold,and wished him every success in his futurelife. The position of Collector of Custom*will be filled by Mr J. M'lntosh, and MrA. Duncan will act as sub-collector. M»Cullen will leave shortly on an extendedholiday to Auckland.

In recent military orders the appoint-ment of temporary Colonel J. A. Gilruth,V.D., Administrator of tho Northern Terri-tory, as a competent military authority inthe Territory is terminated. HonoraryColonel J. L. Johnston, C.M.G., V.D. t 84th

Australian Military Forces, is ap-pointed in his stead as tho competent mili-tary authority for the purposes of WarRegulations.

A Press Association message fromOamaru announces the death on Sundayof Mr George Arnold Travis, clerk ofthe Waitaki Countv Council; aged42 years. Mr Travis was taken 111three weeks ago, and his death,has caused a painful shock to the commu-nity. He was a popular, enterprising oiti-zen, and has been clerk of tho CountyCouncil for about six year3. Previously hewas in the Railway Department. He waawell known throughout O'tago and South-land. He was a prominent member of thelChurch of England Men's Society and a-lay reader. He won the North Otago golfchampionship in 1914, and was presidentof the North Otago Rugby Sub-Union lastyear. At the time of his dea'th he wassecretary of the Totara School Committee.The death ,of Mr Travis, who married MissBlack, of Blacks, Central Otago, removesa highly respected, progressive young citfczen, and his early demise is deeply mourned.He leaves a widow and three children,[With the interest of the communityearnestly at heart and actuated by thohighest manly qualities, the late Mr Travis,by reason of his unfailing courtesy, oblig-ing nature, and geniality, gained the esteemof all with whom he came in contact. Tbatownspeople and ratepayers of the countyknew him as a man of worth, and at thecouncil table frequent referenoe was made;to the excellence of his work as clerk, andto his .organising ability. His was a lifecut off at its best, and Oamaru and North,Otago in general will be the poorer by hisdeath. Mr Travis belonged to Dunedin,A keen horticulturist, Mr Travis has wonmany prizes at different shows with hiaentries, his last success being the winningof the champion bloom class for dahliasat tho Dunedin Show.]

MINE WASHED ASHORE.

NECESSARY STEP TAKEN.WELLINGTON, August 31.

The Naval Adviser states that it is re*ported that an enemy mine has been-washedashore on tho west coast of the NorthIsland, about 15 miles south-east of GapeMaria Van Diemen. The necessary stepshave been taken.

September 4, 1918. OTAGC WITNESS. 47

Black: Matheson. "White: Holden.10 15 6 9 14 17 11 18 8 11 15 1824 20 17 13 21 14 23 14 22 18 23 199 14 8 7 10 26 9 18 6 10 11 16

28 24 82 28 81 22 25 22 27 23-a 20 117 10 1 5 15 18 18 25 10 15 7 28

22 17 26 22 22 15 29 22 IS 14 B.wina.

Game 3661--“Double Corner.”Black: A. Matheson. White: P. Mark.

9 14 6 14 6 13 10 17 11 1621 19 25 22 29 25-a 21 14 20 1111 15 11 15 8 11 15 19 7 2322 18 22 18 25 22 22 18 25 2115 24 15 24 11 15 8 7 13 1728 19 27 20 23 18 80 25-b 14 108 11 4 8 7 11 19 23 2 6

18 9 18 9 18 14 26 19 B ..•wins.

9 14 25 22 11 15 17 14 18 2324 19 11 15 20 16 10 17 16 1111 15 22 17 12 19 22 6 7 1622 18 15 24 23 16 2 9 24 1915 24 27 20 14 18 26 22 15 2418 9 4 8 SO 25 9 13 28 125 14 29 25 1 5 32 23 23 26

23 19 8 11 81 27 5 9 22 188 11 25 22 6 9 27 24 Drawn.

Black: Boyles. "White: Egan.10 14 21 14 15 24 23 16 24 28 12 1622 17 9 25 28 19 14 18 12 8 1 57 10 29 22 11 15 16 11 28 32 16 12

17 13 7 11-B 19 16-C 18 25 8 8 14 la3 7 27 23 12 19 80 21 D-10 14 E-12 8

23 19-A 6 9 23 16 15 19 3 8 Drawn.11 15 32 27 8 12' 20 16 82 23

25 22 9 14 27 23 19 24 8 1214 17 24 20 12 Iff 16 12 28 24

ACHILDDOESN'T LAUGHAND PLAY

IF CONSTIPATED.If Cross, Feverish, Constipated, Bilious,

and the Stomach out of Order givo"California Syrup of Figs."

A laxative to-day saves a bilious childto-morrow. Children simply will not takethe time from play to empty their bowels,which become clogged up with waste, thenthe liver i grows sluggish, and thestomach I is disordered.

->. Look at the ton*gue . mother llf

coated. 01

listless,{\[Zy cross, fe-

verish, withJ! tainted breath,|\ restless, doesn'ti \ eat heartily, or' \ has a cold, sore

I throat, or any-*f* other children'9

J ailment, give aI teaspoonful ol

f-) California SyrupL). of Figs—' Cali->P\ fig.' then don't"^—* worry, becauseit is aperfectly harm-less dose, and in afew hours all this

constipation-poison, sour bile. and fer-menting waste-matter will gently move outof the bowels, and you will have a healthy,playful child again. A thorough "insidecleansing " is oftimes all that is necessary.It should be the first treatment given inany sickness.

Ask your chemist for a bottle of ' Califig'—California Syrup of Figs, which has fulldirections for babies, children of all agesand for grown-ups plainly printed on thebottle. Look carefully and see that it ismade by the California Fig Syrup Com-pany. All chemists sell ■ Califig '—Cali-fornia Syrup of Figs, in bottles of twosizes, 1/1j and 1/9. Refuse substitutes.

fi,

v

nm--

The total wag© bill of the railways ofGreat Britain to-day amounts to no lesathan £47,000,000 a year.

FUN AND FANCY.

Time will cure snoring, but it's got tobe daytime..

Trouble seems to be a mighty poordodger when a man is looking lor it.

A profiteer is the man who is moreinterested in getting in his bifco than giv-ing his bit.

The Colonel: "It's jolly awkward,father, your getting drafted into my bat-talion; but I think I could get you a jobas my batman !"

"Chimmie; ycr got one stockin' on in-side out." _"I know it. Dere was a holeen de outside."

—"I never saw a woman so full ofenergy." "Nor I. Why, merely correct-ing her mistakes keeps tvn men busy."

Curate: "So very glad you like ourbervices. Perhaps you'll come again?"New-comer: "Oh, yes—in fact, 1 wasthinking of registering at this church!"

She: "You've been to Blackpool?Isn't it lovely there? A perfect Garden ofEden." He: "Yes; but —er—a triiie moredressy, don't you think?"

Mrs A.: "Josephine is progressing byleaps and bounds in her piano practice."Mr A.: "I thought she couldn't make allthat racket with her hands alone."

"My wife married me for love, yeknow, Bert." Bert (after prolonged andsomewhat pained scrutiny of Bill's face):"I had been wonderin' what it was. Bill."

—Mr New wed: "These pies aren't nearlyas good as the ones mother used to make."Mrs Newwed : "Yes, and your salary isn'tnearly as good as what my father used tomake, either."

- "Will- you please furnish me with adescription of your missing cashier.?" askedthe detective. "For instance, hoy? tall washe?" "I don't know how tall he was,"replied the boss testily. "What worries meis that he was five thousand pounds short."

"What progress does this girl make inher sewing?" asked the tall and statelypatroness of the charity school, as ehestopped before the daughter of a longshore-man, and noticed that the pupil had herthread hopelessly entangled. "About fortyknots an hour," roguishly replied the girlas she looked up.

A little Scotch boy was taken by hisfather into a restaurant for dinner. Asthey were eating their dessert the fatherhanded the waiter a five-pound note, whichthat worthy carried to the cashier's desk,returning presently with a little pile ofchange on a plate. Bobby's eyes grewbright. "Oh, papa," he said; "I'd like aplate of that, too 1"

Brown strolls into his friend Black'soffice. Brown: "Hullo, your lady type-writer's away, I see." Black: "Oh, yes.She wasn't a bit of good—couldn't spell atall." Brown: "Was she angry when youtold her she'd have to go?" Black: "Nota b^! I told her that she was so prettythat the clerks couldn't get on with theirwork for admiring her.". "Shall I have to get married when Igrow up?" asked little Flossie one day ofher mother. "Just as you please, dear,"answered her mother with a smile. "Mostwomen do. however." "Yes, I suppose60, . continued the little girl musingly,"and I -ihink I'd .better start and look outfor a husband now. They say that AuntJane has been at it- for twenty years, andhasn't caught one yet."

—ln a Kansas town where two brothersare engaged in the retail coal business arevival was recently held, and the elder ofthe brothers was converted. For weeks hetried to persuade his brother to join thechurch. One day he asked: "Why can'*-you join the church like I did?" "It's afine thing for you to belong to thechurch," replied the younger brother "TfI join the church, who'll weigh the coal?"

—lt was dawn, and very ,chilly in camp,and one man was unable to find any of hisouter garments. He wandered about, ask-ing all his mates if they knew whore theywere. "Has anyone seen my b-b-blanket?"he demanded, and was told that no onehad. "Has anyone seen my t-t-trousers?"No answer. Tha unfortunate soldierscratched his head for a moment. "Well,I'm jolly g-g-glad I have not on a nice■w-w-warm pair of sus-sus-suependers."

The country boy's parents had just, moved into the city, and arrangements

were being made for him to attend a largeschool. With fear and trembling Y>\

followed his father along the big corrdors,where he saw electricians at work. "Whatare these men doing?" ho asked. "Puttingin an electric switch, Tommy," was the-answer. "Well, I'm going home," ex-claimed the boy. I'm not going to anyschool where they do the licking by elec-tricity !"

An old lady who lived on the Cum-berland coast went down to Portsmouthto visit her son, who was in barracksthere. They were walking along one ofthe streets in the evening when all of asudden there was a loud bang. " Goodheavens! ' she exclaimd. "What was that?""It's all right, mater," said the boy. 'lt'sonly sunset," "Sunset!' she ejaculated."Well, I've lived by th« sea all my life,and I've never heard the sun go downwith a bang like that before."

After two years in the mud andtrenches of Flanders Private Thomas At-kins obtained leave, and made what lieconceived to be the best use of his holidayby getting married. On the journey back,at Southampton, he showed to the inspec-tor his marriage certificate in mistake for

v his return railway pass. The official, whochanced to be a Scot, studied it carefully,and then said. "Er, mon, you've got aticket for a lang wearisome journey, butno on the South-western railway."

"Why is it," asked the inquisitive hus-band, "that you never ask anyons if yourhat is on straight, as I so often hear otherwomen do?" Well, if you must know,"replied his wife, "it is because I love youao much." "But I fail to see what yourlove for mo has to do with it." "Why,just think how it would disgrace you if Iwere to call anyone's attention to "the onlyhat I have had in three years." Andthat's why, on the very next occasion shewent out, she appeared in the latest crea-tion of the milliner's art.

A Crimean veteran, like most old war-riors, lived wholly in the past, nothingpleasing, him more than to' be

_

able to re-late the glories of the battles in which hehad fought long ago. And nothing pleasedlittle Herbert more than to listen to thosestirring sto-.' -s The old man had just beendescribing the perils he had faced at Inker-mann. "That s over sixty years ago IDear, dear !". he muttered. ''Yes, that wasthe last time a bullet grazed my head."For a while Herbert gazed at the old sol-dier's head, then cheerfully remarked."And there isn't much grazing left now, is'.here, grandad?"

-The mails from home had been re-ceived by a certain regiment. One Tommyreceived a large box addressed to himself,

and with a triumphant yell ho rushed offto his company's lines and gathered Iheraaround him to share the contents of thebox. "Smokes, lads," ho crird, as he un-fastened the wrapping. "From the oldman, I know it, and there's sure to be abottle or two of Scotch." He opened thebox, gave one look, and collapsed in aheap. "It's from old Aunt Mary," groanedthe warrior. "Bandages an' intment, an'embrocation an' splints, an' a book on 'owto be your own surgin."

RETURNED SOLDIERS'ASSOCIATION.

The fortnightly meeting of the committeeof the Dunedin Keturned Soldiers' Associa-tion was held in the association's rooms onthe 27th. Lieutenant-colonel J. H. Moir inthe chair. ■

The Hon. D. H. Cuthrie (Minister ofLands) wrote with regard to tho complaintsregarding the rental of tho sections on thoWestcott Settlement. On making inquiryhe found that the statement that land ad-joining the settlement is returning a rentalof 3d per acre per annum, while rentalson the sections in the settlement are assessedat 7s an aero, is misleading. Tho landdescribed as adjoining the settlement is apastoral run at the back, which begins atan elevation of 2000ft and runs up on toMount Benger and over to the PomahakaRiver, and contains a considerable area ofrough broken land of very little value.The present rental of this run was assessedover 10 years ago. The sections on thesettlement contain a fair area of rich agri-cultural land, suitable for fruit-growing orfor agriculture, for which £2O an aerowas paid, and the rental of 7s an acrereferred to is the average over the wholesection.—Referred to association's Board ofLand Experts for report.

The Acting Prime Minister wrote withregard to alleged discrimination against re-turned soldiers in the matter of appoint-ment to and promotion in the Post andTelegraph Department. The letter was re-ferred to general meeting of members.

Attention was directed to the messagewhich emanated from Wellington and ap-peared in the press a few days ago, statingthat, as promotions in the field "have hadto be reduced," the Defence Department hasnow decided to award commissions in theExpeditionary Force to most of tho Terri-torial officers who recently tried to forcethe Government to give them commissions,to which a recent judgment in the SupremeCourt showed they were not entitled.—ltwas decided to point out to Sir JamesAllen that, by virtue of their experienceand training, the men with active serviceexperience had a much greater claim tocommissions, and were much better fittedto lead men into action than were Terri-torial officers who had not been to thefront; to enter an emphatic protest againstthe proposal to reduce the number of pro-motions to men in the field, and that theMinister be asked to maintain his previousintention to send the officers concernedaway as non-commissioned officers. It wasalso' decided to ask Headquarters to supportthe association in this matter.

A member introduced the matter of theclosing of hotel bars in ports on the occa-sion of the arrival thereat of troopshipsconveying returned soldiers. He said hehad been informed by an officer who hashad considerable experience in connectionwith the arrival of returned soldiers, that itwas advisable that, during the time thebars were closed to the soldiers, they shouldalso be closed to the general public, as themen could easily get all the liquor ,theyrequired from persons who had access totho bars. —It was decided to communicatewith Sir James Allen"regarding the matter,asking that, if it was considered necessaryto close the hotel bars to returned soldierson the occasion of the arrival of troopships,they should also be closed to the generalpublic.

The matter of a certain firm using theassociation badge in connection with the ad-vertisement of its _ goods was referred toHeadquarters for immediate action.

Mr J. Reid wrote asking the associationto arrange for a returned soldiers' footballfifteen to visit Cromwell and play a matchwith the local club in aid of the CopperTrail.—Left in the hands of a sub-committeeto endeavour to arrange for a team.

A member reported that certain Dunedinfirms were endeavouring to exploit returnedsoldiers, by granting them wages in accord-ance with the pensions they were drawing.—Referred to next general meeting.

TO STOP NERVOUS HEADACHE.A feeling as of a tight band about the

head is often felt in addition to the painof a headache that is caused by nervousexhaustion. The ache is generally in theback of the head, rarely in the forehead,and is often accompanied by dizziness.

The way to stop this sort of headacheis to stop the cause of it. Overwork,worry, and failure of the blood to properlynourish the nerves are the most commoncauses. Rest and a tonic for the bloodand nerves will cause the headache to dis-appear in most cases.

To remain a nervous sufferer may be un-necessary if you are willing to help your-self. Dr Williams' Pink Pills and thegood, pure blood which they give, freshair, nourishing food, and a fair observ-ance of the laws of health will help torestore the strength and health of yournerves. Live up to these conditions andthe nerves, brains, stomach, kidneys, heart,and liver will keep in perfect workingorder. Anything that you can do to buildup your general health will strengthenyour nerves. You will find Dr Williams'Pink Pills a great help. Free from alcoholor any harmful or habit-forming drug, theystart to work at once cleansing and en-riching the blood, strengthening thestomach and carrying nourishment to everynerve, tissue, and tiny cell throughout thebody. Why not choose health now bygiving Dr Williams' Pink Pills a trial?You can get them at your nearest chemistat 3s per box; six boxes 16s 6d.

Any reader of this paper may have auseful booklet on "Diseases of theBlood" by writing to the Dr Williams'Medicine Co., Box 845, G.P.0., Welling-ton.

THE SILVER -

- TEA SHOP.

THE NOVELIST.

[Published by Special -Vhbangement.]

By Evelyn Everett-Gkken, author of"Adventurous Anne," "The Tempta-tion of Mary Lister," "DefiantDiana," etc.

[COI'XIUGUT.]

CHAPTER I.—MARY SILVER'SVENTURE.

Mary Silver came out of her privateroom on the iirst floor ot her tall, narrowhouse, well set in a quiet side-street lead-ing direct from a iasiiionabie thorough-fare. As she came out she reached lora silver key which hung, with severalother useful articles, from ner saver girdle,and iociied the door beiimd her. This washer invariable custom upon quitting hersanctum, tor in addition to the books andeashbox whicli were kept tnere in thesale, tliere were of choice piecesof old silver, winch her customers werewelcome to examine and to purchase ifthey so wished.

one was ratner a striking figure as shepassed into the adjoining room, long andnarrow, and divided ctown tlie centre bya screen wnich was, in lact, a huge mirrorsilver-framed, with looking-glass on bothfaces, so tnat the hall-rooms looked doubletheir real size, . and her own figure re-flected back by screen and silver-framedmirrors on the opposite wall looked emi-nently suited to its surroundings.

Tall, slight, slender, dressed insilver-grey silk with a few silver orna-ments, and her hair lightiy silvered bytime dressed high on her liead a la mar-quise, she mignt well have stepped outof a frame ol an old-time picture. Herdraperies * fell in gxacelul folds to herfeet. She was a beautiful woman, withan expression of sweetness, sadness, andstrength. "A woman with a history,"her customers often called her. A bravewoman, her friends knew, who had lacedmany difficult situations, and whose pre-sent successful venture was the outcome ofher courageous determination not to bebeaten by adverse circumstances.

In the divided room a good-sized tablewas set in each half. This was the place.where private parties were served, whowrote beforehand for accommodation.Mary observed as she passed through thatboth tables were decorated with flowers,both set out with her delicate pale pinkchina with its silver ribbon and iove-knote—a ware of her own designs specially madefor her. And as a step on the stairoutside warned her of the approach ofher forewoman and head waitress, sheturned to greet her with a friendly smile."I think we shall have a busy after-

noon, Jane. How prettily the tables havebeen arranged. Is it Faith or Hope whohas done the flowers?"

"I think they have helped one another,ma'am. . And Charity dressed the windowbelow. Did you chance to notice it?"

"Of course I did. I thought it lookedlike a spring-tide welcome with its goldendaffodils and purple violets. We shalldeceive people into thinking the winteris gone. Look at the sunshine ! Morelike April than February."

Jane Fossbury smiled, and at once therather hard lines of her face, handsome,yet austere, softened in a wonderful way.To Mary this softening was familiarenough, and also to her trio of orphanednieces, a triplet whom she had brought upfrom birth, and who knew no mother saveherself.

Jane was dressed like her mistress, insilver grey, but'*' the material was finealpaca, not silk. She wore a large muslinapron with a bib fastened by pink rosettesupon the shoulders, and her cap was apicturesque and turban-like arrangement ofpink ribbon and silver tissue, becomingalike to her staid gravity and the prettysmiling faces of her young nieces.

"Have we two private parties comingthis afternoon?" asked Mary. "I onlyknow of Lady Lockyer's."

" That was' all that had been booked,ma'am; but half an hour ago Mrs Conway'phoned up to know if she could have atable for eight at 4.30 sharp. So wehave set them both out. And I thinkwe shall be busy downstairs also. Thisfine afternoon will bring folks out, andthat window will attract them."

'' I sometimes begin to wonder, Jane,whether we may not have to increase ourstaff. It is wonderful how you and yourtrio manage; but you must have help ifwe get much busier.'*

"We'll manage as long as we can,ma'am. The girls feel with me aboutthat. They like running it just with thekitchen staff behind the scenes. But wedon't seem to want other waitresses if wecan keep things going. We have all beenso happy and comfortable together fromthe very first."

~,.•,"We pull together very happily, saidMarv.

"Indeed, yes, ma'am! I often thinkof that day when I came in person toanswer that advertisement. The girls andI had talked it over together half thenight. We were doing pretty well withneedlework; but the sitting still Avas irk-some to the lassies who had been broughtup in the country. But there wasn't workfor us there, and we didn't want to beseparated. And, seeing that there was aforewoman wanted and waitresses, too—-well, it just seemed as though it mightfit in, unless former experience was madea point of. I remember I was shakingin my shoes as I came into your presence,ma'am. .

. ." There the smile beamedout again over Jane's firmly mouldedfeatures, and Mary Silver laughed._"I doubt if your fear was anything like

mine! I know how much depended uponthat advertisement! And I had so littleexperience to guide me, and the 1 threewomen who had applied for the fore-woman's place filled me with repugnance,I could not tell why. But when I sawyour face and heard you speak, Jane, Ialmost made up my mind on the spot.And that trio of pretty nieces! I almostfelt as though that in itself would givethe venture a send-off! And the comfortof not having any more smartly-dressedhussies to interview!"

Mary, with a satisfied look round thisupper room, descended the stairs, with thesilver-grey carpet bordered with pink rose-buds, to the large tea room below, whereamid silver-framed mirrors, silver-leggedtables set on a silver-grey carpet as softto the feet as the one upstairs, the trioof pretty, daintily-clad sisters were flittingabout, setting everything in order for theexpected guests, whilst from regions un-seen appetising odours of freshly-bakedrpls, freshly-ground coffee, and other name-less delicacies penetrated; but this not inany overwhelming volume, only in delicatewhiffs suggestive and agreeable.

Mary smiled at the three girls, two ofthem small and dark-haired, and so muchalike as to be indistinguishable except toa very few eyes, the other taller, larger,fairer, merrier of aspect, with a saucytip-tilted nose and a rather wide mouth.Many others beside Mary Silver on in-troduction had passed the same little joke :

" Faith, Hope, and Charity, these three,and the greatest of these is Charity!"

. They came about her now with thepretty confidence of employees, who had areal affection and respect for their em-ployer. Mary went from table to table.She tasted a new cake of Charity's in-vention and making, praised it with dis-crimination, gave a touch here and thereto a flower vase, looked again at thegraceful window decoration, where flowersadorned a silver arrangement in tiers wheredelicacies in the way of cakes and sweetswere displayed. It was a shop as well as atea house. Mary Silver had settled thatfrom the first. Her patrons were " cus-tomers," not " clients." She used nofine words to ,cloak simple and homelyrealities. To keep a refined and comfort-able home for an invalid husband and onewell-loved daughter, Mary had become atradeswoman. And she had never repentedit. Indeed, her success had been so quicklyestablished that she had no room for re-grets, and sometimes wondered how shehad managed to fill her days before the teashop had materialised■ as the great interestvof her work-a-day life.

The Fossbury girls, adored her. So didher kitchen staff. She had built outcommodious kitchens with many modernconveniences when she started in businessbehind the tea rooms, leaving practicallyempty the great wandering basement withits antiquated cooking arrangements.

When she reached the tea rooms againcustomers were coming in in somewhatrapid succession. Some of these shegreeted with a smile and word of welcome.Others were strangers to her, but lookedat her with interest, for Mary Silver wasa personality, and ,her story passed frommouth to mouth had won for her muchinterest.

Just as she was about to ascend thestairs again entrance was made by anelderly man with genial face, crisp andabundant white hair and close-trimmedbeard, almost as white. He smiled andnodded to many of the occupants of thesmall tables as he advanced towards themistress of the establishment, who greetedliis approach with a look which was indica-tive of long and intimate acquaintance.

"Well, Mary; my dear! You look happyto-day! John and Queenie blithe andbonny, too, eh? I must look round thisevening if I can. I've been rather pressedof late by business." ■" John was saying it must be that. Do

come when you can. It cheers him up.He always flags at the latter end of thewinter, and that tells on the child. Shewill welcome you, too."

He smiled, nodded, pressed her handaffectionately for a moment, and thenslipped to a little table against which ichair was leaning to reserve it for him.Mr Urquhart was a regular institutionat the Silver Tea Shop. Not only hadhe been Mary's right hand during allthe business of starting matters; but hehad persuaded her to rent to him the topfloor of the house, three rooms immediatelyabove those occupied in the second floorby Jane Fossbury and her nieces. Therent he paid Mary was a help. It gaveto the premises the security of a mansleeping there—who kept a loaded revolverin his .possession and knew how to use it.He was a daily customer for a substantialtea, and Jane carried him up coffee androlls in the morning and a cup of soupat night; but his other meals he took out,

his rooms were cleaned by the char-woman who came daily for other work onthe premises. All were satisfied with thearrangement, and Mr Urquhart by hisgenial presence decidedly brought grist tothe mill.

He slipped into his seat just as a groupof stylish customers arrived, the foremostof whom went forward with outstretchedhands to greet the mistress of the estab-lishment.

"My dearest Mary, what a heavenly dayit is! And how perfectly- captivatingeverything looks here—including yourself!I and my following are going to eat youout of house and home! Shall we all goupstairs? And has my Gracie arrivedyet? She was to meet me here."

Lady Lockyer swept up the stairs withher following in her wake. She was oneof Mary's staunchest friends and most re-gular patrons. She loved the tea shop,and it loved her!

CHAPTER lI.—THE LOCKYERS"Tony!'.'Grace" Lockyer swung round upon the

music stool, her hands falling from thekeys, her sweet face flushed with an ador-able blush, her soft blue eyes kindlingwith a light which only one person hadpower to bring .there, and that was her

distant cousin, the globe-trotting Tony,whose appearances and disappearanceswere equally sudden.

" Hillo, Grade! Why, wliat an all-fired swell you've grown! You were onlyin your second season when I went off last,and now—why you look a simple tip-topper! Got a young man on hand, eh?You're as pretty as paint, and I'm goin'to kiss you! Ain't I a cousin all right?"

Her face was all in a glow. Tony tookhis cousinly privilege with relish, and howthe girl's heart thrilled and fluttered.Always Tony had been her idol and herhero, and Grace's heart was of that un-common stuff which time or change cannotaffect. Fidelity was the very mainspringof her gentle but determined character.

To have Tony back, to have him sittingclose beside her telling his stirring adven-tures—what joy! No wonder time fled byunheeded till suddenly she sprang up ex-claiming :"0 Tony! I've got to meet mother at

the Silver Tea Shop! I forgot every wordabout it. Do come with me and see her,too!"

"Course I will—sure thing! So thatSilver Tea. Shop has materialised, has it?It was all your mother's talk when Iwas off last time. Four years ago, isn'tit ? Awfully pretty, plucky woman, thatMrs-?Bretherton. So she has made a suc-cess of it, has she, eh?"

" Yes, it caught on from the first.Mother and several others tried to help,but it was Mrs Silver's charming ideasand personality that really made it suc-ceed. We don't call her Mrs Brethertonin the Tea Shop, you know. Her- hus-band was so. much against it that she re-sumed her maiden name of Silver for busi-ness purposes, and some people who visitthem think all the family are Silvers!Mr Bretherton rather encourages this idea;he has a foolish pride in his family, andfeels degraded by its connection with anykind of trade! Personally, I don't likeMr Bretherton; but Queenie is a darling!You must get to know her, Tony."

"Come along, then, to the tea shop!Shall we see her there?"

" Oh, no! Mr Bretherton will never lether go. She is so vexed about it. i>iowand again I take her as my guest to teathere, but she is never allowed to go onher own!"

"What a silly ass Bretherton must be!Mrs Bretherton came into a legacy, didn'tshe, and spent it on setting herself up inthis business?""It was like this," said Grace, as they

walked through the sunny streets in thedirection of the tea shop. "Mr Brether-ton has been a tremendous speculator allhis life. He got rich, got poor, got richagain. I'm afraid he wasn't alwaysstraight. I mean he involved other peopleas well as himself in shaky investments.Mother thinks so, and that he is unhappy,partly, in remembering this. Then at lasthe went too far. He was almost ruined,and paralysis struck him down. His wifehad to take control. Mr Urquhart helpedher. A remnant was saved—enough toenable them to live in a small, pleasantlittle flat in West Kensington, and theywould have done -.really very fairly wellthen if it had not been that some of thosepast investments had not been paid up,and 'calls' kept coming—you know whatthat means?"

Tony nodded. "Beastly things. Rottenbad luck!"—" And just then an old uncle of Mary'sdied—an old Mr Silver; and he left hera small collection of antique silver, thehouse which had been turned into a shop,but which had been without a tenant forsome time, and six thousand pounds inmoney."

"Good old boy!" Tony remarked withapproval.

" Yes, that's what we all said; but thefear was that Mr Bretherton would some-how persuade her to let him have thehandling of the money. But he didn't getit! Mother told me all about it. MrsBretherton deposited two thousand withtheir bankers to meet all possible calls inthe future. Two thousand she investedsafely, to make a nice little addition totheir income. And then with the othertwo thousand she did lots of things inthe house which was hers, and started theSilver Tea Shop. She told mother thatshe had had a bad scare about moneymatters, and she wanted to make sure itdid not happen again. She wanted in-creased comforts for her husband, who isalways wanting things he cannot have.She wants Queenie to have advantageswhkh cost money. In these days peopledo all sorts of things which once wouldhave been thought lowering.""I know. Duchesses setting up as milli-

ners, etc. Well, why shouldn.'t they?Nothin' to be ashamed of that I see.What?" •

" It made things hard for poor MrsSilver (I always think of her by that namenow) at liome; but she held £b her point.Queenie upheld her for all she was worth.She was barely seventeen then. Tony, didyou ever see Queenie Bretherton?""I don't think I ever saw any of the

Brethertons; but I remember hearing thistalk about the friend of your mother's whowas starting the tea shop, and thinkingher a jolly plucky woman." He turnedto his companion. " It's ripping to havea little sister-cousin like you, Gracie.You've always got a welcome for a fellow,and make him feel at home in a wink-ing!"

Her look up into his bronzed face mighthave betrayed her secret to a vainer ormore self-conscious man; but Tony wasneither.

"Here we are!" she said, a fewmoments later. "Oh, do look at thatwindow, Tony! Did you ever see any-thing prettier ?"

" Good business for Mrs Silver—a placelike this. Makes you want a cup of teabad, just for the pleasure of walking hi!"

OTAGO WITNESS September 4, 191848

At present there is about £1,000,000worth of leather held up in the States ofthe commonwealth.

Brisk demand for "NO RUBBING"Laundry Help. Remember, "Clotheswashed white and out by nine" when "NORUBBING " is used. Is 3d large packet.—Waordell Bros, and Co.

They entered together, and were respect-fully greeted by Jane Fossbury, who toldthem that Lady Lockyer's party was up-fitairs.

When the pair entered the room togetherit was to. find that Mary Silver herselfhad been persuaded to join the party—-a concession she only made to really oldand tried friends.

Grace's appearance was hailed by manyvoices ; but when it was seen who was hercompanion there was quite a storm ofwelcome. Tony was a favourite every-where he went, perhaps because he neversought for popularity, nor seemed to haveany particular use for it when offered.

"Awfully pleased to make your acquaint-ance. Mrs Silver. I think your show hereis nppin'. I'm by way of being jollyinterested in the people who do things andstrike out new lines. I'm always meanin'to put my shoulder to the wheel; hutmostly I do nothing more-useful than pat-tin' other fellows who do it on the back."

There was a laugh at this; but a goodmany persons knew that Tony Lockyerwas anything but a drone, and that num-bers of men in the Old Country, eatingtheir hearts out in sordid penury, hadbeen brought out and started in newlands through the generosity and enter-prise of this man,' albeit he was wont tosay that draining the Old Country of itsgood men was a doubtful sort of benefit,unless it taught her to' look better aftertihem herself.

Mary was just about to rise and leavethem when the door from the staircase wasgently opened, and a bright head appearedxoxmA the corner.

" Queenie!" cried Grace, springing upwith outstretched hands, and the nextmoment the intruder was amongst them.

She was a delightful vision, this girl oftwenty, with hair like burnished gold,curling crisply round her little toque ofviolets and chiffon, and wound into ashining coil at the back of her daintyhead. Her eyes were very dark blue,which more often looked violet or black,and they were arched over byv delicateblack brows and shaded by very long blacklashes. They were eyes which danced andsparkled, and seemed to light the whole ofthe vivid young face, which displayedMary's type of clear-cut features andcreamy skin, only that Queenie's possessedthe added charm of a short upper lip anda sunny expression which delighted theeyes to watch.

"Mother, dear,, don't scold. It was likethis. Nancy's motor broke down closehere as she was taking me home from thematinee, and she had to go off somewhereelse, so I said I would come to you. Lookat mv pretty heliotrope frock! I wanteverybody to see me—I'm looking so ex-tremely nice. Mummy, darling, do. let mehave some tea and go home with you!Please say Yes!"

The "yes" was universal! Queenie wasintroduced to the " Tony " of whom shehad heard so much from Grace, and whomshe regarded as her friend's special pro-perty, only hoping him good enough forher darling Grade!

As for Grace herself, she had beencharmed to present them one to the other.But as she saw them presently talkingand laughing together a sudden thoughtwent through her like a knife-thrust.

" Suppose they fajl in love with oneanother? Oh, what would become of me?"

(To be Continued.)

DIAMOND WEDDING ATTAPANUI.

Mr and Mrs Thomas iStiven, who haveresided in the district for the past 35- years,celebrated their diamond wedding by afamily gathering at their residence at Tapa-nui on the 13th ult. The event (says theTapanui Courier) was of particular interestfrom the fact that all the members of thefamily (12 in number) were spared to bepresent, no break in the family circle hav-ing taken place in the long span of 60years. Needless to say, the aged couplereceived many congratulations, letters andtelegrams coming from all parts, and a con-gratulatory message much esteemed was akind letter and present from Mr and MrsJohn Edie, of Springfield, who celebratedtheir diamond wedding in July, 1914, bya complete family gathering. Mr Thos.Stivcn was born in : Forfarshire, Scotland,on August 12, 1826, so that his ninety-seoond birthday was only one day beforethe diamond wedding celebration. He com-menced to work when nine years of age,and when he reached the age of 14 he com-menced; to learn the trade of a saddler andharness-maker.' On the completion of hisapprenticeship he decided to seek new_ lands,and he set out v for Victoria, landing inMelbourne on a Sunday evening in Janu-ary, 1852. By midday on Monday he hadlined four collars and had earned £l. Itwas not long before he sent Home moneyto bring out his sister. In 1858 he mar-ried Miss Marian Patterson, who came fromAyrshire, her father being engaged in Vic-toria in farming and carrying to the gold-fields. On reading of the Dunstan rush MrStiven, with his wife, one daughter, andtwo sons, came to Dunedin, and settled atCaversham for some time, work being thenplentiful in his trade with carriers to thegoldfields. On the railway being opened toLawrence he and his family removed toTuapeka. Thirty-five years ago he purchasedhis present home. Pie has continued towork at his trade, despite some bad times,and a fortnight before the diamond weddingho was busy at work lining collars.. Pos-sessed of a retentive memory, he can re-count no end of exciting incidents of theearly days. For the first "time for manyyears the family assembled under one rooffor the celebration. As the sons anddaughters grew up they drifted away tovarious occupations, and hence were neverall at home at one_ time. The following isa list of the family:—Alexander (Ronga-here), Peter (Wingatui), Mrs Healoy (Out-ram), Mrs J. L. Moore (Tapanui), Alfred(Tapanui), Walter (Otanomomo). William(Tapanui), Thomas (Wingatui), John (Kai-tamgata), Bert (Wallacetown, Mrs Clabburn(Tapanui), and Mrs D. Robertson, jun.(Kelso), the latter being twin sisters, MrAlex. Stiven has two sons at the war, MrsHealey two, and one killed, and Mrs Moorefour at the front and one returned. Thereftre 42 grandchildren and 21 great-grand-children. A photograph taken on thepiomentous occasion appears in our illus-trated pages.

THE LADIES' PAGE.By ELIZABETH.

" 'Wherever a true woman comes, home is*lways around her."—Buskin.

ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS.

Elizabeth will be pleased to receive letters fromcorrespondents on any matter of interest to them,and to reply through the medium of this page,the nom de plume only of the correspondents tobe published. Letters to bo addressed "Eliza-beth," oare of the Editor.

Anzac.—(1) As the material you enclose has

L certain amount of wool in rt it wouldbound to shrink a little in washing.

Hov/ever, you might try Lux, following thedirections on the packet. (2) I don’t knowhow to advise you about the faded windowblinds. The only way to colour materialsis to dye them, and that stiff materialwould not take the dye at all well, I amafraid there is nothing you can do withthem.

S. W.—You are probably one of the peoplewhose hair goes grey early, and you oanconsole yourself with the thought that solong as the hair is kept in good order it

• often suits people very well. I think youcure quite right not to usa dyes. Theyare never fcatisfactory in the end, and Iam sure your soldier husband would notlike the idea. You should try not toworry about him, as that lowers one'sgeneral health altogether. Always giveyour whole attention to what you aredoing, and think of cheering and en-couraging things as much as possible.The olive oil should have don© your headgood. Perhaps you did not perseverewith it long enough, or you might like totry an application of equal parts of castoroil end eau-de-oologne about three timesa week. If this gets rid of the dandruff,which it should do, the scalp should getless irritable, and you could try gentlemassage, with a little olive or cocoanut_ oilor vaseline rubbed } on the finger tips.Working up from the back of the neck tobehind the ears, go all over the scalp withthe finger tips, not so much rubbing asworking the skin until it moves looselyon the bones of the head. Later on youmight try the following lotion to tone upthe' hair:—Oil of mace, Jdrj olive oil,2dr; liquid ammonia, Jdr; spirit of rose-mary, loz; rose water, 2£oz.

TABLE TALK.Monday Evening.

On Tuesday evening Mrs O'Neill enter-tained some young people at a small bridgeparty at her residence, High street.

The street collection and sale of goods onFriday in aid of the funds of the DunedinFree Kindergarten proved most successful,£3OO being raised. Mrs R. Gilkison (presi-dent) and Miss C. E. Glendining (secretary)had the assistance of various women's organi-sations in the effort to raise money for thisdeserving cause.

A pleasant little dance was given on Fri-day evening by Mrs Arthur Sidey at herresidence, Melville street.

Colonel Sleeman returned to the north onMonday.

Mrs Scaife (Waimate) is visiting Dunedinat present.

Miss Kathleen Ulrich left last week forTima.ru, where she is the guest of her sister,Mrs Leslie Orbell.

Mrs Howard Dodgshun and her childrenare staying at Mrs Denison's Rest Home,Oamam.

Mirs. Cowie Nicholls> and Miss Nicholls,who spent the winter monthsl in Dunedin,returned to Kuriheka on Tuesday.

Sxirgeon-general Henderson arrived fromtho north on Friday, and is the guest ofDr Lindo Ferguson during his brief visit' toD'unedin.

Mrs J. "Watson has' returend from Lumsden, and is staying at the Grand Hotel.

Miss Ayr© is' the guest .of Mrs John Cook,Union street.

Miss K. M'Lean has returned from hervisit to Christchuroh.

Mrs Edmond and Miss Edmond left onThursday for Auckla-nd.

Mrs Vernon returned to Christohurch onWednesday.

Colonel Cowie Nicholls, Major Cooper, andCaptain Myers have returned from Welling-ton.

Mr and Mrs P. R. Sargood have returnedfrom their motor trip to Wanaka.

Mrs Howley, who has been spending thewinter months in Dunedin, returned toTimaru on Friday.

The Misses F. and E. Shand are spendingthe term holidays at Queenstown.

INVERCARGILL, September 2.Miss H. M'acdonald (Dunedin) is visiting

Mrs Crawford.'Mr and Mars Chewings (Mossbtirn) are

spending & short holiday in town.Miss Simpson h<a.s gone to Lawrence for

a short holiday.There were several dances during the week

in aid of the Copper Trail Fund. On Wed-nesday night the Law Section and theHockey Section each gave a dance. ThePost Office Section gave one on Mondayevening.

Tho Invercargill Orchestral Society gavea splendid concert lest Friday evening, theVictoria Hall being fuller, if possible, thanusual. Among the audience were Mr andMrs Stock, Miss Stock. Miss Wade, MissOallender, Miss It. Henderson, Mr and MrsTomlinson, Mr and Mrs T. D. Poarce, Drand Mrs T>. Hansen, Miss Hayward, MrsT. M. Macdonodd, Miss Macgillivray, Mrs OJones, Mrs Howairth, Mrs A. <3-ilkison, Mrand Mrs Clapcott, Miss Clare, Mrs Mnc-Gibbon, Miss Campbell. Miss Ewart, Mi-and Mrs Greig, Mr and Mrs Cunningham.

On Friday evening the puxsilfl of theSouthland Girls' High. School gave a nios.tdelightful entertainment in the theatre.The first part consisted of a cantata, underthe conductorship of Mr C. Gray. In thesecondi part some of the girls gave a veryfair production of "A Midsummer Mght'sDream." Some of those present were Mtrs8.. J. Gilmour, Mrs M'Leaai, Mrs G. Mof-flett, Mrs O'Beirne, Mr B. How«lls, MrsMehaffey, Mks Mehaffey, Mrs Pottinger, Mr

and Mrs Pearce, Miss Henderson, MissMacgillivray, Miss Crofts, Mr C. Gray, MrsBrass, Mr" and Mrs Chewings (Mossburn),Mr and Mrs 11. Royds, Miss Bucham(Christchurcb), and Mies G-ardnex.

TIMARU, August 81.Mrs Hayter (Rolksby) was in town for a

few days this week.Mrs Howden (Park lane) and her children

are staying with Mrs H: Eeid, Dunedin.Mr and Mrs R. O. Lindsay returned to

Christchurch on Saturday.Mrs Innes-Jones (Nile street) left for

Masterton on Thursday.'Mrs M'Meekin (Wai-iti road) is spending

a fortnight in Christchurch.Mrs Howley has returned from a long

visit to Dunedin.Mr and Mrs Edgar Jones and the Misses

Jones returned from the North on Tues-day.

On Thursday night a musical and dramaticentertainment was held in St. Mary's School-room in aid of the Lady Liverpool Fund.Miss Sogers and her Handkerchief Guildorganised the concert, which was much en-joyed by the large audience.

CHRISTCHURCH, August 31." Tho Bing Boys Are Here" and have at-

tracted crowded houses at the Theatre Royalduring the week. Amongst the audienceshave been the Hon. Mrs J. Borthwick, MissWise (Sydney), Mrs W. Stead, Dr and MrsScott, Mr and Mrs H. Cotterill, MissCotterill, Mi's and Miss Westenra, Mr andMrs Merton, Mrsl Deans, Mrs Symes, MrsGillon (Wellington), Mrs Ronalds, MissCracroft Wilson, Mrs P. Wynn-Williams,Mrs L. Harley, Mrs Courage, and the MissesAnderson, Clifford, Wood, Rich, and Lee.

"Violet Day," which takes place in Christ-church on Wednesday, September 4, is beingworked up well by an. energetic committee.A large sum of money is hoped for, as itis to be devoted to the new Red CrossConvalescent Home which will be startedin Christchurch 'shortly. Owing to thesevere winter, with so much snow; violetsin and around Christchurch have m manycases been spoilt for the season, so that thecommittee have appealed for all violets avail-able. Besides flower stalls, there will be pro-duce, cake, and sweet stalls, which all helpso much in making up the grand total.

Much to our disappointment, Christ's Col-lege was beaten in both matches againstWanganui and Wellington Colleges. Wethought they had an especially good team

,this season, as they have won most of iheirmatches, but evidently they met betterteams, and so lost the two matches.

_._Mrs Wilfred Stead, who has been visitingMrs Roberts (Littleboume, Dunedin) stayeda few days with Mrs Stead (Park terrace)before returning to her home m Hawke'sBay.

Mr and Mrs T. Cbwlishaw went up toWanganui for the college football matches.

Mrs Vernon, who has been visiting MrsW. Maitland (Dunedin), has returned homo.

WELLINGTON, August 31.During the week Mr A. H. Atack, son of

Mr and Mrs Atack, of Wellington (PressAssociation), v/as married to Miss LilianSchofleld, second daughter of Mr and MrsJoseph Schofield, of Maungapakeha. Theceremony took place in St. Matthew'sChurch, Masterton. The bride, who wasgiven away by hear brother, wore a costumeof dove gray with large hat of pink crepede chine, and carried a bouquet of whitespring flowers and asparagus fern. Thebridesmaids—the bride's sisters—were inblue with black hats, and carried bouquetsof freesias, anemones, and other springflowers After the ceremony the happycouple went north.

Miss Cowan, of the Chatauqua educationmovement ts here, said is very busy, in theinterests of the movement, talking muchwith the people of. the Y.W.C.A.

The Copper Trail maintains its interest,with Auckland always in the lead. Whatthis means may be judged by the Wellingtondonations far last week, which went wellover £2OOO, the principal donations beingViolet Day £929, Feilding £BSO, Levin £l5O,Sargood, Son, and Ewen £125, and Pateaand Rangitikei Patriotic Funds £IOO each.With such sums coming in it cannot besaid that the Wellington effort shows 'anysign of slackening off. The only conclusionfrom the continued Auckland lead/ is thatAuckland is stronger. '

When Mrs Gower Burns was here on hermusical engagements she sometimes had herdaughters with her. One of these, Miss AlysGower Burns, has been at Home for sometime. At first she devoted herself to muni-tion work, and did it so well that she waspromoted overseer in the finishing room.The work proved very trying, so Miss Bumswent in for motor driving, and, havingobtained a pass' and certificate, became amember of the Royal Motor Air Force, and isnow very busy driving cars engaged inaerodrome transportation.

The sudden death of Miss Dorothy Han-rner, of Christchurch, a granddaughter ofMrs Pe-roy Cox, of Christchiu-ch, and agreat-granddaughter of the 'late BishopHarper, has saddened her many friends.She was a daughter of Mr George Hanmer,of Woolston, Christchurch, and had devotedherself to the nursing profession, but itscaills were too severe, and she retired for arespite, coming to Wellington to recuperate.But it was too late, for she died from heartfailure after but a few hours' illness.

The death of Captain R. J. Seddon -inaction in the grea.t -battle has been receivedwith the most profound regret, and hismother and family are the objects of thedeepest sympathy. Mrs Seddon was on theCoast when the sad news arrived, and hasbeen prostrated with grief ever since. Allher daughters were with her on her arrivalin Wellington. The public sympathy isvery great. The captain was thoroughlyadmired as a soldier, and his death has sus-tained the reputation for great couragewhich he enjoyed among those who knew himbest, including all who had served underhim in action during the African war. Asone of our papers in its obituary noticementions, " the. test of shell fire in coldblood is supreme," omd Captain Seddon metit splendidly, as the circumstances of hisdeath have fully revealed. It is the_ onlyconsolation left to his family and friends.Mrs Seddon's two other sons are away onservice. Captain T. Seddon being inAmerica on a mission for which he wasselected by his commanding offieei-s, andCaptain S." Seddon, of the Artillery, in Italywith the British forces in the Italian lineof the Piave.

Lost Friday Mrs Massey gave a crowded"coin" tea at hor residence, Ariki Toa, socalled because all the coin taken is ear-marked for the Bed Cross. There are manyways of ciiasing the illusive coin, the mostpopular being forfune-telh'ng, of which" therewere many examples on this occasion.Everything was quite splendid. Tliere wasmuch singing atnd some recitation, MissClifford, of New Plymouth, being remarkablein the first, and Miss Putnam acting asaccompanist and solo pianist during tho pro-ceedings.

AUCKLAND, August 28, 1918.For several years past the Old Girls'

Diocesan High School Association has organ-ised entertainments, the proceeds fromwhich are devoted to some patriotic pur-pose. On the last occasion th© entertainment—an up-to-date little play entitled "TheBathroom Door "—was in aid of the ChurchArmy Hutmont Fund. The caste was madeup as follows:—Miss Gwen Marriner, MiesW. Thomas, Miss Phyllis Kemp, Mr GuyMarriner, and Mr St. Leger Holmes. Thenfollowed some musical items, Miss NancyHana and Miss Stone singing most charm-ingly; and Mr Wallnut recited. A cleverand amusing little play called " The Res*Cure" was then acted by Miss DorothyNolan arid th© Misses Cole (3), with Mi-Bouillon, as the patient. Amongst the audience were Sir Robert and Lady Walker, M*and Mrs A. M. Ferguson, Mr and Mrs J. RReed, Dr and Mrs Kinder, Mrs Geoxg*Blcomfield and Miss Phyllis Bloomfield, Mrand Miss Una. Buddie, Miss Horton, MVSavage, and Miss Cooper, Mr and Mrs BAnderson, the Misses Clark (8), Miss B. Fen-ton, Mrs R. Isaacs; and the Misses Buckle-ton (2).

A jolly dance -was given last week by theMisses Leslie and Hope Egerton, when therewere about 40 guests. The dance was givenchiefly in honour of the many flying pupilsat present attending the school at Kohi-maramaxa.

The Auckland Ladies' Golf Club will bein charge of the Red Cross shop this week-end, and it is expected that there will bemany special attractions to purchasers. TheGirls' Realm Guild Was in cnarge last week-end, and the takings amounted to over£IOO, which was surely especially good, as noraffles had taken place beforehand.

Mr and Mrs Walter Johnston (Wellington)are at the Grand Hotel.

Mrs H. S. Fitzherbert (Manukau road,Parnell) is visiting relatives in Palmerstori,North.

Miss Vera Duthie returned to Wellingtonlast week, after having paid a round ofvisits to her many friends in Auckland.

Mils H. S. Izard (Wellington) is amongstthe large number of guests at present stay-ins: at Cargen.

The annual Daffodil Show in connectionwith ;St. Mark's Guild, Bemuera, was heldon Thursday of last week. ' There was Avery creditable display of daffodils, the oksawhich attracted the greatest number ofentries being the decorated table section,which was won by Mrs Percy Upton, withMiss Herrold second and Mrs Lusher third.The children's decorated table competitionwas won by Cicely Chambers. The floweraremaining unsold at the close of the after-noon were offered for sale, and a numberwhich were not disposed of were sent toBed Cross shop the next day for- the weeklysale. The promoters of the show were Mr«Payton and the Misses ilerrold, Westwood,and Bull. Mrs Ernest Bloomfield, Mr*M'jJowel, and Miss Horton acted asjudges.

Mrs Ewen Troutbeck (Hawke's Bay) iaamongst the many guests at present stayingat the Grand Hotel. Miss Eva Butts (Wel-lington) has also been staying at he GrandHoiel, and next week is proceeding toBotorua.

The death in the Wellington Hospital lastweek of Sergeant-major John C. Burns (ofthe firm of Messrs John Burns and Sons,Limited) has caused the sympathy of thewhole community of Auckland to bs extendedto the family. Sergeant-major Burns wentinto oamp some 15 months ago, but his de-parture for Europe had been postponed fromtime to time, because he was required forduty in the training oamp. In both busi-ness and social circles in Amckland Mr Burnswas very popular, and much looked up toby everyone. He was one of the governorsof King's College, where he was himselfeducated, and for a period was president ofthe King's College Old Boys' Association.In later years his favourite sport was golf,The championship of the Auckland GolfClub fell to him on© season, and in anotherseason he was runner-up for the golf cham-pionship of the Dominion. Mr Burns leavesa widow (a daughter of Mr Jamieson, Wel-lington), and a little boy of some four yearsold. The body wis brought to Auckland forinterment, and the funeral cortege, whichwas very largo and composed of allof the community, testified to the esteemin which he was held.

THE WEEK.Sometimes one wonders what people

will write books about when the war isover. They don't seem to write of any-thing else just now. Look along the .tablesin any book shop, and you see piles ofbooks dealing with different aspects of thewar—acoounis of fighting on the differentfronts, naval stories, stories of personaladventure, and so on, besides the morebulky volumes dealing with industrial ornational problems arising out of the war.One of the best of these that I haveseen for some time, and one that givessome account of women's work in war-time, is "A V.A.D. in France," by OliveDent. Possessed of some knowledge ofphysiology and hygiene, a certain amountof St. John's Ambulance training, and agreat desire to be of service, the writerdid a fair amount of work in Englandduring the first year of the war, buthaving no ties, and being anxious to giveup her whole time to nursing work, shevolunteered for active service, and wentto France with a detachment of otherV.A.D.'s in the autumn of 1915. Fo*nearly "two years she lived and workedin a tent hospital up in the north, andlived happily, so she maintains in thelast chapter, in spite of hard work anddiscomfort, and the inevitable sadnessassociated with so much of the wastageof war.

They seem to have been a happy familyaltogether, the staff of this hospital, afact which this particular V.A.D. putsdown to the fine characters of the medicalcolonel and the matron in charge, butjudging from the impression we get onreading the book we cannot help thinkingthat the staff themselves had a good dealto do with it, if they were all as plucky,as ready to put up with inconveniences,and, above all, as cheerful as she was.She seems to have had quite a reputation;for humour amongst the men. and couldgive as good as she got in the way of"kidding and "chipping." "Oh, comeoff it, Aussy," says one man to an Aus-tralian who was spinning a wonderful yarnabout a "boomerang" gun which heclaimed was an Australian invention("Yes, it seems like an Australian inven-tion!" said "sister" drily), "don't try

September 4, 1918. OTAGO WITNESS. 49

Supper dishes must be lightand economical. Instead ofmeat serve some of the deli-cious, nourishing dishes madewith

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Hdding sister. She can do a bit in thatline herself.” And an ex-patient writesfrom England, from a hospital which iain a building, and so ‘‘more swanky thanyours, but not so jolly. The sisters are

very nice, but they don’t laugh as muchas you do, and don’t cheer a chap upso much.” > “It is very nice to have one’ssmiles appreciated,” she remarks as acomment on this, “and very good to know

that the boys never realise how much itcoots sometimes to remain cheery."

Certainly a faculty for smiling must boa great help "on active service," whenthings have to be made the best of, nomatter how bad they .may be. Thus "thenewcomer to a camp hospital finds mattersdifferent from what she has been accus-tomed to in England —no hot water, notaps, no sinks, no fires, no gas stoves.She probably finds that the syringe hasno suction, that all the cradles are inuse, and there are none for the boy withbad trench feet, and that there are onlysix wash-bowls for the washing of 14€patients. . . . But the adaptable girlsoon learns to overcome such minor diffi-culties. . . . The absence of taps, hotwater and sinks one chafes against fortwo or three days, and then gets accus-tomed to the existing conditions and sub-stitutes. The syringe will have bettersuction if the piston be wrapped roundwith a few strands of white cotton fromone of the boys' hussifs. Two boardstied together with strings in a V shapecan keep up the bedclothes as effectuallyas a cradle."

And then-the weather! Though thereare nights of spring and early autumn"with sheets of streaming, silver moon-light when not a breath stirs," there areother times when wind and rain playhavoc with tents and huts, when thenight nurse, wrapped in as many garmentsas he can pile on, staggers from tentto tent through a streaming sou'-wester,and when drips find their way relent-lessly through any weak spots. Then iswanted the spirit of the girl who wasfound in bed with her umbrella up as aprotection against the melting snow, whichwas trickling through the roof. "I'mimagining it is a garden parasol, and I'mon a hammock, and it's fine." Nor canit be much fun to wake in the morningwith 30deg and more of frost, as happenedin the second winter, with whilom hot-water bottles crackling with ice, tooth-paste frozen in its tube, roots stiff asboards, and chilblains insistent* and per-sistent—especially those on the heels.The medicine is frozen in the bottles,and has to be melted, there is no_ waterfor washing, and even the'ink- in thefountain-pen, used for recording tempera-tures is frozen too.

But thing 3 were not always as bad asthat, and winter had its compensationsin the Christmas festivites, which usuallybegan with elaborate preparations abouta week or 10 days before the 25th. The"boys" had a great time making decora-tions for the "wards," which were bigmarquees, and one of the diversions ofthe season was a fancy-dress ball got upby the hospital orderlies, to which thesisters were invited as onlookers, but not,alas! as partakers in tlhe proceedings,owing to the invincible Army rule thatsisters must not dance on active service.They had a fancy-dress entertainmentlater, when some Australian nurses gavea supper in celebration of Anzac night,and marvellous were the costumes evolved.

One of the most vivid chapters-in thebook is that describing the effect on thehospital of the Somme "push" in July,1916. The staff were called hurriedly toduty earlv one morning to find that ■' 'inevery walk were there wounded soldiers,a 'bus-load of the more slightly-woundedcases at one marquee, motor ambulanceswith stretcher after sftretcher of moreseriously-injured burdens bringing up therear, men being carried pick-a-back byorderlies, often trudging along with theaid of a- walking stick." It meant abusy time, especially as soon the Y.M.O.A.hut and other tents had been ireciuiritionedand extra marquees put uo. "Whateverour hand found to do on that memorableday and the four following days we didwith all our might." The colonel andthe major, kept waiting for a few minutesin the middle of the night, cut bread andbutter for incoming patients; the dentistdid nursing-orderly dutiy far into thenight; and the padre ladled out soup andtea, and acted as additional barber,shaving and preparing for treatment thehead and face wounds, much to the de-light of "Tommy,' who, with his usualirresponsibility, would whisper with alittle chuckle," "Say. Sister, should I offerhim tuppence?" "So the day wore on,and night came. Without, a night ofglorious July summer, with palest saffron,flamingo and purple lights, and one gem-like star, a night of ineffable beauty andpeace, and within—a vision of hell, cruelflesh-agony, hideous writhings, brokenmeanings,' a boy-child sitting, up in bedgibbering and pulling off his head ban-dages, a young colonial coughing up hislast life-blood, a big, so lately strongman, with ashen face and blue lips, lyingquite still but for a little i flutteringbreathing." For the men themselves shehas the greatest affection and admiration,from the boys of 18 and 20, to the hoary-headed old "die-hard," who had somehowmanaged to rejoin the Army in whichhe had served years before. "Once asoldier, always a soldier, sir, and I'mworth plenty young ones yet. I couldn'tstand aside and do nothing, sir." Frommen such as these the V.A.D.'s felt that

they could bear much. "I've seen thatman can ascend to almost God-like heights,to realms of sublimity unsuspected," saysone ot the end of one of the "Somme"days. "To-day's stories of the fighting,told to us red-hot from the lips of theboys who have lived them, those storiesand the many little incidents we have allwitnessed, have shown us that while warmay be a great wastage,' it is also agreat purifier. ' It has brought out .yalourindescribable, self-sacrifice unforgettable,patience and magnificent endurance un-sellable. And are these nothing worth?"

ELIZABETH.

LADIES' GOSSIP.

Since the return of the Prince ofWales, Princess Mary has shown an in-creased zest in her study of the Italianlanguage, which she, indeed, speaksfairly well, and reads with some amountof ease. The most fluent speaker, ofItalian in the Royal Family, however,remains the who has never for-gotten the knowledge acquired by resi-dence in Florence during her girlhood.As far as languages are concerned, Prin-cess Mary has not yet abandoned herdaily lessons, and another study that re-ceives a great deal of willing attentionis music, of which she is sincerely fond.She promises to be one of the best pianistsin her family, which is saying quite agood deal.

The King and Queen and QueenAlexandra were among those who sentcordial messages of congratulation to SirDouglas and Lady Haig on the birth oftheir son. The happy event, indeed, isof special interest to their Majesties, forLady Haig, as Miss Dorothy Vivian, was,like her twin sister, Miss Violet Vivian,a very favourite Maid of Honour to QueenAlexandra. It was during an Asco't Weekparty at Windsor Castle that the engage-ment . of the gallant soldier to LordVivian's sister was. announced, and bydesire of King Edward arid Queen Alex-andra the wedding took place in-7 the pri-vate chapel of Buckingham Palace, anotherMaid of Honour, Miss Mary Hart Dyke,being a bride at the same time. The twoelder children of Sir Douglas and LadyHaig—Alexandra and Victoria—were bornin 1907 and 1906 respectively.

Lady Carnarvon, whose marriage tothe fifth Earl of •Carnarvon took placein 1895, was Mis 3 Almina Wombwell, onlychild of the late Mr Frederick'Wombwelland of his wife, Marie Felicie, daughterof M. Boyer, and she inherited muchcharm and vivacity and an exquisite tastein dress from her French mother. Alsoshe recieved an admirable education onthe artistic side, and few women in societyare more capable of appreciating thetreasures that are now hers. She herself,indeed, is a collector of experience, herspecialties being books, bric-a-brac, andFrench furniture. Her jewels are magnifi-cent, and some of the best were givenby Mr Alfred Rothschild at the time ofher marriage. Her only son, Lord Por-chester, a lieutenant of Hussars, is 20 thisyear, and her only daugther, Lady EvelynHerbert, is a pretty girl of -17 or so.Higdiclere Castle, Newbury, where Lordand Lady Carnarvon have entertainedmembers 'of the Royal Family, standsin a park 13 miles in circumference, andin the library are the table and chairwhich Napoleon used when .he signed hisabdication at Fontainebleau.

HAVE YOU A GRIEVANCE?Did you ever have a grievance?A fine, big grievance, the sort that yon

can revel in to your heart's content—inwhich you can just splash about?

You begin by feeling a bit melancholy;then you- become introspective. You lookinto your past, and you see that the worldhas treated you shamefully—in fact, youwonder how the world can go along inits merry, indifferent way with such athing on its conscience as the mean wayyou have been treated.

Happiness! You silentlv curl your lipat the thought. You realise that thereis*no such thing as happiness, and youlook with disdain upon the podr, sillypeople who believe in it.

The Mistaken Comforter.—But it is when someone tries to comfort

you that you rise to the greatest heights.There is nothing that can surpass yourindignation when you are told that youshouldn't be unhappy—that you are reallya very lucky person.

"Lucky!" you say, with a fine scornthat would help you along splendidly ifyou were an emotional actress. "Lucky !"

"Yes," says the mistaken comforter,"you are ever so much better off than themajority of women—you don't know howlucky you really are."

You remark, cynically and sarcastically,that you suppose you don't know. Youare really very angry and indignant, butyou try to hide your feelings under asuperior tolerance. You realise that itwould be a waste of time to explain, butyou try to make your features express

the idea that you are vastly misunder-stood.

Misunderstood—that’s it. No one everreally understands you. You are not likethe usual run of folk, and you feel so

■sorry for yourself because you will beforced to go alone through the wildernesscalled life. There are few realisations inlife that give a woman so much mournfulpleasure as the certainty that she is mis-understood. It places her in a superior,ratified atmosphere—she Is a person apartfrom the vulgar throng.

Your Grievance Wears Thin.—1

You maintain this grievance as long asyou can, for you really enjoy beingmiserable; but somehow it wears thin inspots. It is very difficult to refuse aninvitation for tea with a lot of jollypeople, just because you are so superiora person as to harbour thus sort oftemperament. Or perhaps no one paysany attention to you, and no one triesto induce you to look cheerfully upon theworld. If you and your grievance areignored it fades away. very quickly, fora grievance requires cultivation of acertain sort, and it is by nature a contrarything. At any rate, it doesn’t last forever, and you suddenly find that—oh,well, the world isn’t such a bad placeafter all.

Or, perhaps, you squeeze your finger ina window, and having something reallyserious about which to worry, you forgetall about your superiority and bitter atti-tude toward life.

NATIONAL KITCHENS.As more and more women are wanted

for war service of various kinds the popu-larity of national kitchens in Englandbecome greater and greater, because it isperfectly obvious that you cannot be a“Waac” or a “Wren” and be cooking fora family at the same time, and whena well-run national kitchen opens its doorsthe people in the neighbourhood, as arule, take to it like ducks to water.

Months ago the Hammersmith kitchen.ivas cooking for about 3500 people daily—and its staff consisted of one cook, oneassistant cook, one pie cook, one sweetscook, one larder cook, two washers, onekitchen porter, one cashier, and oneassistant cook and washer.

Their wages altogether came to £l6 5sper week. That means that in a yeareach of the 3500 people served would havepaid about 4s lOd (included in the chargesfor food) for "service.'' '

It means economy of food, economy offuel, economy of work.

When you think how much "service"you could get in a year for 4s lOd youwonder—especially if you've had domesticbothers—that all national kitchens for allclasses weren't made-'part and parcel > ofour ordinary every-day life at the earliestpossible moment after the declaration ofwar.

HINTS AND SUGGESTIONS.The difficulty so often experienced in

cutting soft,' flimsy goods, such as chiffon,soft silk, muslin, etc., is easily overcomeby pinning the material to paper andcutting both together.

Washing Varnished Paper with Teathat is left in the Teapots.—lf no tea isleft, pour a little more water on theleaves, strain, and use that. Afterwardspolish the paper with furniture polish.

Vegetables cooked in this way are par-ticularly good :—Clean, peel, and slicethem, put them in a casserole with" a tinybit of fat—half a teaspoonful to a poundof vegetables—and allow to cook yeryslowly. They are simmered in their own■juice, all the nourishment is retained,and there is no waste." Velveteen which has served its purposeas a dress or blouse should be preservedand made into polishing cloths. In thisconnection velveteen is almost as good aachamois leather, and can not only he usedfor obtaining a fine polish on satin-woodand mahogany furniture, but as a meansof brightening silver and plated goods.When soiled the velveteen may be success-fully cleaned by washing in a soapy lather.

Broken China.—Mix well together ateaspoonful of alum and a tablespoonfulof water. Place in a hot oven until itis quite transparent, then wash the brokenpieces in hot water, dry, and while thechina is still warm coat the broken edgesthinly and rapidly—as it sticks instantly—with the above mixture. When quitedry it will be found that the china willstand hot water and any ordinary usagewithout breaking.

,

Spring-cleaning Hints.—White Paint.—The best way to clean

this i 3 to apply a paste of whiting, afterwashing the |paint with soap and water.It should then be dried very thorughly,and the paint will look like new.

To Clean Leather Furniture. —Add alittle vinegar to teoid water, and washthe leather with a clean cloth. Wipe dry,then to polish apply the following prepara-tion .—Whites of two eggs beaten slightlybut not stiff, and mixed with two spoon-fuls of turpentine. Rub with a clean, dry

OTAGO VHTNESS 4, 191850

By “JEANNETTE.”These are, undoubtedly, days of exceptional nervous strain for

i one and all of us. Anxiety, with its beauty-destroying influenceis casting its shadow over the lives of many of us women, and whileperhaps a few—the more stoical among us—can avoid worryingover past and prospective events, we may all, with a little care andforethought, succeed in preventing the results of worry from beingnoticeable in our appearance. To these fortunate few, this littlechat will, however, be as interesting and instructive as to those whostand in real need of help in toilet matters, and may be 'tire meangof bringing to their notice some hitherto unknown method ofretaining or regaining that beauty of face and figure which is thebirthright of every v/oman. Some of the ingredients mentionedbelow are, at present, not generally known to the public, but anygood chemist will usually be found to have a small quantity

r in stock.Freckles and How to Cure Them.—lt isalways choseeasily, but this knowledge is poor comfort whenthe face is disfigured with these ugly littleblemishes. To prevent the formation of freckles,« wash should be applied to the face which willform a shield from the rays of the sun. A simpleand inexpensive one can be made up at home bydissolving an ounce of cleminite in four tablo-spoonsful of hot water. Shake the bottle, andwhen cold apply to the face and allow to dry onthe skin. If this is done every day, renewing theapplication whenever the face is washed, and alittle meroolised wax rubbed into the skin everynight, freckles will not make their appearance,no matter how hot the sun. To remove freckleswhich have already formed, apply the wax everynight, rub it well into the skin of the lace andneck, and leave cn till the morning. Than washoft, using Pilentai soap and ward water.

Te Reduce a Double Chin.—To reduce a doubleohin, give hard, firm massage every night withnverooliaed wax, stroking the flesh firmly back-wards from the chin towards the lower portion ofthe neck. Do this every night, and in the morn-ing bath with cold water, and rub into <he skin alittle parsidium jelly. This treatment willstrengthen the flabbly tissues and restore thecontour of the face. Occasionally a double chin is

duo to stooping over books or work, but generallyit is the result of putting on weight. When thelatter is the case, a few clynol berries, eaten regu-larly every day, will greatly assist in reducing

answers to correspondents.TO DARKEN THE EYEBROWS (L.M.).—There isno dye which' I could recommend as “safe,” butif you rub a little mennaline into the eyebrowsend at the roots of the eyelashes, regularly everynight, it will darken them naturally and will alsoincrease the growth of the eyelashds.TO REDUCE- WEIGHT (SADIE).—Yes, yourweight and measurements are certainly more thanthey should be for your height, and I quite agreethat being so stout makes you look old. I ampleased to be able ,to tell you of a quick, easy, andpleasant way to reduce both. Get a small quantitycf clynol berries from the chemist’s and take oneafter each meal, three times a day. Weigh your-self after, one month’s treatment, and you will bedelighted with the result.TO KEEP THE HAIR PAIR (DORIS).—If you■hampoo your heir regularly with stallax granulesIt will prevent it from turning dark. One tea-spoon of stallax is sufficient lor a shampoo, andbji original packet will make from twenty-five -tothirty shampoos. Stallax keeps indefinitely.TO IMPROVE A DUEL, MUDDY, COMPLEXION(D.8.).—Your complexion Is dull and muddy-

looking because it needs thorough cleansing andrenewing of the outer cuticle. To do this, get atin of mercolised wax, and with the tips of thefingers rub a little gently into the skin, goingover the entire face and neck. Leave the wax onall night, and in the, morning wash it off with agood soap (you will fihd Pilenta excellent). In amonth’s time you will notice a most surprising im-provement. (2) Liquid pergol will prevent theexcessive perspiration of which you complain.(3) Nothing can be done.TO ARREST GREYNESS (PLO).—You are indeedfar too young to go grey yet. Get about twoounces of concentrate of tammalite and mix itwith three ounces of bay rum. Dab this on thehair and amongst the roots. It will soon makematters all right.

/TO. WHITEN A BROWN NECK (W. K.).—Towhiten your neck use jettaline. Get a tube ofthis from the chemist’s, and rub -a little well Intothe skin of the neck; leave it on till next morn-ing. Do this regularly every night for three orfour weeks, and you will .find that the ekin willbecome beautifully clear and white.

the superfluous flesh. A glass of hot water shouldbe sipped after each meal.The Hair—To. Increase the Growth.—To arrest anundue falling of the hair and increase the growth,scalp massage and the application of a good tonicis absolutely necessay. Part the hair In thecentre, and, starting at the forehead, massage forat least ten minutes. Then apply a tonic. Asimple and inexpensive one can be-made up athome by mixing one ounce of boranium (whichcan be bought at the chemist’s) with a quarterof a pint of bay rum. Add the boranium—to thebay rum, allow to stand for half an hour, thenstrain, and add sufficient water to make half apint. Dab amongst the roots of the hair with asoft sponge.Superfluous Hair.—Dark-complexioned women arefar more frequently troubled with a growth ofsuperfluous hair than those with fair skins, andat the first sign of these objectionable hairs stepsshould be taken to remove them, or they willdevelop into a strong growth which will take arery long time to destroy. A little' powderedpheminol aipplied to this growth will remove theunsightly blemish, destroying it permanently ifthe hairs be but few. Two or more applicationsmay be necessary, if the growth be unusuallystrong; but about one ounce of pheminol shouldbe sufficient for the most stubborn case. Pheminolcan be obtained at the chemist's, and a littlepowdered alum should be obtained at the sametime for dusting the skin before applying thepheminol.

A

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Fot your Infant or InvalidBenger’s Food is appetising and delicious. Even the fresh newmilk used to prepare it is made lighter and easier to digest I

In the tin one food may look like another, but there thoresemblance of any other food to Banger’s ends. You prepare

$

Foodin a way different from others ! Fresh new milk is alwaysused, and in a few minutes (see directions) both the Food andthe milk become blended into a dainty cream by a gently firstprocess of digestion, self-contained in the Food.

To this, and to its great nutritive power, Benger’s owes itsunique position as “ the Food the Doctor orders.

”

Banger’s Food is entirely British in origin, ownership, and manufacture. It is sold in tinsby Chemists,etc., everywhere. Carefully follow the directions on the tin when prep*-unar i

Bookletand full particulars post free from :

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cloth, and the leather should looksplendid.

Stains on a Washstand.—Most of usknow the disfiguring stains which are sooften to be seen upon marble-topped wash-stands. The best treatment for them isto rub them over with one or other ofthe following mixtures : —Make a paste ofloz of powdered pumice-stone, 2oz ofcrushed washing soda, and loss of powderedchalk. Kub this into the stains, andwhen they have vanished from the marblewell wash with soap and water. If thestains are of long standing, mix togetherone gill each of soapsuds and ox-gall andhalf a gill of turpentine, then add as muchfinely-powered pipeclay or fuller's earthas will make a stiff paste.

_

Apply thismixture with a. brush, let it remain onthe marble for threo days, then wipe itoff.

To Clean Piano Keys.—These can bewhitened by washing in a solution of 10oznitric acid to lOoz soft water. Applywith a brush, talcing care that it doesnot flow on the wood upon which theivory is veneered, or the job will bespoilt. • Cleanse carefully with clean waterand a piece of flannel. Sulphuric acidwith an equal quantity of water may beused as above. If the discolouration hasnot gone too far, rub the keys carefullywith pure lemon juice. While still dampput on a coat of whiting or preparedchalk, mixed with a little lemon juice.When dry, brush off with a dry brush,taking care that none, of the mixture Jbetween the keys. If, however, the keysare thoroughly worn and discoloured, thevmust be dismounted, scraped, bleached,and repolished, which is a long andtedious affair, and requires to be done bya skilled workman.

"ALIEN'S" LETTER FROMENGLAND.

(Specially Written for the Ladies' Page.)

THE WILL TO WIN.June 24.

To-day there is a strong land breezeblowing, and if the'big guns across thewater are thundering their aggression andresistence we cannot hear them;v it i3restful for the moment till one remembersit is going on all the time, out of ourhearing and seeing—the deadly combatbetween human flesh and blood and everydevice to wound to kill that the scienceof all the world has evolved. If thatwere the sunn of it, we could count onlythe horrors of a horrible conflict, andnought would be carried over to the good;all the agony of the, flesh, the devilry ofhatred, the woe of lives severed andhearts broken, the desolation of death, thebereavement of Nature, torn and blastedand the whole creation of beastand bird, insect and flower, travailing to-gether . with man, the loss of art, of theideals and dreams and dedications of thatpart of mankind who lived and died, andstill h>e and die, to make the world morebeautiful.

It would be horrible, hopeless loss butfor that other side, the spiritualisation ofthe fact that the world is at war for theideal of freedom against aggression, thatwe fight for the mastery over the sword;that our hatred and scorn is againsttreachery and brutality and vilenessagainst the defenceless. It will be ascarred and broken-hearted world whenthe conflict is over, but it will be a betterworld. Joy and youth may perish, butthe spirit of courage and sacrifice and dar-ing for the right will have been resusci-tated. The soul of the nation will havebeen saved alive. Alive, drawing keenbreath of realisation of what a goodlyheritage our Empire is; how much it costto purchase it for us; how many noblelives and heroic deeds gave us our Britishprestige; and how, again, it is being re-bought—my home arid yours !—by < thosewho die for England and the lesser Eng-lands overseas—those great children ofthe old Mother, overgrown almost beyondher ken, whose future in the time-to-be,great and strong and self-reliant, will owestill to the Mother-blood, the instinctMother-reared of chivalry. We havefound ourselves British-born, and into themeaning of that not many of us haveprobed very deep. The Empire is what itis, because it is so, has been the com-placent acceptation of many. But to givea son, or one dearer than a son, to main-tain it is to make our country very inti-mately our own. We love best what wehave suffered to defend and sacrificed tokeep, and our highest-prized possessionsare those which we have striven to gain.There is springing up a new love of coun-try, a new value of Empire, since we haverenounced for its sake.

Why is it that we are so assured thatwe shall win? The enemy is at our Verydoors, may drive us from England's fronttrenches; but, even so, we shall not bedefeated. Defeat is to he crushed' andconquered; but no matter how oftenBritain may be knocked down, it rises toits feet. for fresh struggle. It is strongwith conviction of right, and the Empireis young with hope, the Dominions onlyjust beginning to live their individual life,and will not surrender it undeveloped, un-finished. Death only comes to the soulof the individual and to the nation thatbelieves it has no future. But England,like all parents, is realising that in her-self alone she is incomplete, her purposeunfinished, and that in her children shewill carry on her ideals and find immor-tality. In this way, too, will our heroesbe immortal, their heroism being handeddown as tradition and inspiration to therace, as we hand down to our descendantsour strengths and weaknesses, and longafter we are dead, and those are deadwho knew us, and our dust forgotten,there will spring a girl of our stock withthe same colour and expression of eyes,as our eyes, and a boy with the talentthat we had. We inherit unfinishedthings; we carry on, and hand on un*completed things. We carry on, and handon an uncompleted Empire. Our responsi-bility is that we carry on; that we hold

fast to the good we received and handit on—bettered.

To Dominionites in England the pre-sence of their Premiers at the heart ofthe Empire Councils of War is of vitalinterest, and the whole country is assuredof the close tie of common sympathiesthat bind the colonies one to the otherand all to the Motherland. At the Con-ference, where the Prime Minister of Eng-land met the Premiers of Canada, Aus-tralia, and New Zealand, Mr LloydGeorge said they represented the con-sciousness of a great Empire~at a momentwhen a terrible enemy is compassing thedestruction of our native land. One ofthe greatest stories of the age will bethe story of the Motherland beset withcruel foes, whose children Tushed fromthe ends of the earth to shield her withtheir sturdy strength. The Old Countryis grateful "to them, and the Old Countryis proud of them.

Including those who were under armswhen the war broke out, the United King-dom has raised nearly 6,000,000 men forsea and land, and the dominions, with no-thing like the same population,and are about to raise another 500,000.The bonds that unite the Empire are themost potent ties of all—the ties of corn-man aims, common sympathies, commonideals. That is-why the Imperial Con-ference of 1907 has become the ImperialCabinet of to-day. Sir Robert Bordensaid, when he was here a year ago,Canada had enlisted 400,000 men, now ithad given 500,000 men, more than 35,000of whom were in France to-day. Of the385,000 men who had sailed from Canada175,000 were born within the British Isles.It may be that we stand at the gate ofperil; if so, it is well that we of theseislands and we of the overseas nationsshould stand there together." All thePremiers insisted on, the new unity of theEmpire, and Mr Massey definitely statedthat, the Imperial War Cabinet is framinga new Constitution, which will give theoverseas dominions better representationin England.

There were 13 Empire Premiers, pastand present, who met Mr Lloyd George atsupper in the Royal Gallery of the Houseof Lords. It was a " couponless supper"—that is, it consisted of foods that couldbe served without coupons—soup, salmon,and new potatoes-; ham, peas, and salad;asparagus, strawberries, and coffee., Therewas no champagne, but claret cup andwhisky. But the Premiers have not comefor entertainment, but to work. The willto win is stronger than ever, and so alsois the faith that we shall win. It isjust three months since the great Germanoffensive, when Hiudenburg broke throughthe line on March 21 and 22, but, despitevery substantial gain3, be must be heldto date not to have attained his object,which was to reach the Channel ports, orParis. Italy's rally and' victory has putheart into us again after the failure- ofRussia to realise the Allied hopes.

Mr Lloyd George has' a vision of thenew England when the war is over. Speak-ing in the Welsh Baptist Tabernacle inLondon on Sunday afternoon, he said theworld after the war is not going to bethe world of any one class. It must befit for everybody to live in. Out of theagony of the war must be born an un-deformed world militarism? No! Mam-monism ? No! No; nor anarchy either!The future of this country and of theBritish Empire had been committed to de-mocracy already. Last year's. franchisemeasure meant that the future of theBritish Empire was to be decided by themen and women of this land without anydistinction of clas3. '' Before the war Ifought hard to see fair play done to thepeople from whom I have sprung," saidthe Prime Minister. "Such as I got I gotonly through fighting. I am going to tryanother way this time. I believe thathearts have been softened. There is agreater sense of community. People havegone through the fiery furnace together."

But whether the war lasts one year or20 years, the Minister of Labour said,welcoming American soldiers at a concertthe other day, we mean to go right ontill we win. And not only are they will-ing to win who are fighting in thetrenches—never has there been more gene-rosity in labour and in money. To havedone our "bit" was not enough. Thelarger claim is being met with equal will-ingness. The wonders of the Red Crosscharities (it is not the right word;"duties" would be better) in every coun-try where the blood-red claim is made havebeen stupendous. But while a fresh manfalls and suffers we must devise new meansof supplying their needs.

The Red Cross pearls are now on vieAvat the Grafton Galleries, and there hasnever been such a wonderful "necklace."Over 2500 beautiful pearls have been con-tributed from all parts of the United King-dom and British Empire, and many ofthem of great value, which is enhanced,if not materially, by the accompanyinginscriptions. The experts say many beauti-ful necklaces can be made of them. Theyare arranged to set off their full beauty,and the exhibition is in the gallery in the

, midst of the battle pictures of the Aus-tralian forces. Long before the doors wereopened a crowd was waiting outside foradmittance. The experts' praise for thebeauty and lustre of the pearls went sofar as -to say that there had never beenanything like the exhibition. Great inter-est was taken in the "In memoriam"case, given by women whose relatives hadfallen in the war "in honour ofguarding remote outposts of the Empire."The Queen's pearl is of very beautifulOriental lustre. It is of perfect shape andabsolutely clear. Queen Alexandra andPrincess Partricia also sent fine pearls.One of the finest pearls in the exhibitionwas senfTby the Viscountess Harcourt. Itis of the finest rosy tint, perfectly clear,and round. Another beautiful pink pearlwas sent by Mrs H. Hartley. Some ofthe pearls were old family relics that havebeen in private houses for many years.The tributes were to the honour of ourwomen as well as men. Pearls are inmemory of "the heroism of our nurses onMay 19. 1918." The monetary value of

the collection is estimated at £IOO,OOO.But there is <an added value, that of theGacrifice 'which many women made to partwith what was of more than the monetaryvalue of their treasures. * The Queen,Queen Alexandra, and Princess Mary paidthe exhibition a private visit the day pre-vious to that on which it was open to thepublic. The Queen wore a dress of royalblue satin with a chiffon tunic, and asmall toque of gold tissue with blueflowers. Queen Alexandra's dress was ofblack velvet, with a black sequin tunicand toque. Princess Mary was dressed _ina coat and skirt of pale "grey cloth withgrey straw hat with pale pink and blueostrich feathers.

It is an. extraordinary good moment forthe sale of pearls just now, as the ex-portation from India has been stopped, andAmerica is still buying great quantitiesof fine pearl at big prices, and doubtlessa number of these will be bought byAmericans and prized "in remembrance."Later these pearls will be much covetedfor their history in connection with thewar, and much romance, as well as profitto the Red Cross, will be attached tothem. Every day fresh gifts are addedto the number, and it is thought thatthe pearls will come in for quite anothermonth yet. It was a good idea of ex-hibiting the pearls to the general public,as the entrance fee, Is 3d (3d tax), willbe added to the Red Cross Fund.

A great crowd collected about Bucking-ham Palace on Saturday in honour of the300 heroes whom the King decorated atthe open-air investiture. In the quad-rangle of the palace some of the proudestwomen in England sat and watched hus-bands and sons or sweethearts decoratedby the King, who makes each one whomhe honours feel his personal thanks andinterest. In the crowd were many Cana-dian and Anzac soldiers and nurses, and alarge number of matrons and nurses ofQueen Alexandra's Imperial Nursing Service, British Red Cross, and VoluntaryAid Detachment received the Royal RedCross, second class. The stream of menin khaki and women in nurses' costume,answering to their names to appear beforethe King to receive their decoration,seemed unending, but the applause neverflagged. Several mothers with moist eyesreceived the V.C.'s of their sons, smilingproudly through their tears.

IN FASHION'S REALM.WEEKLY UP-TO-DATE DRESS NOTES

By TULabotjeeith.

Spring has sprung few surprises in linesand many surprises in adaptations. Andthis is because wo never thought them pos-sible. Long coats to make up for a cer-tain ekimpiness otherwise; narrow skirtsagain, and finally the least possible decora-tion when such means using up morematerial than necessary—such are the cardi-nal notes. And yet no one would ever be-lieve that economy had been consideredfor a moment in the designing of the ex-quisite styles' in their first evidence, andit seems like taxing our credulity to_ beassured that it was the first consideration,the last and all between. The materialsleave little to be desired, if anything, :nwoollens, and nothing whatever in silksand cottons. But I think there is far lessin the way of patterns than formerly, andwith good reason. For, so much beingmade of two materials, and these of dif-ferent shades, the absence of a pattern,unless one of them is more for merefacings, is rather to bo welcomed. In thisrespect it is the shade that counts, and therange is practically everything from black(which, as artists say, is the presence ofall colours) down to white (which, as theyfurther say, is the absence of them). But-•quietly 'expressed, if you please, whichmeans that the dyer has aimed not tooffend good taste with garishness. "Whereho has got his hand in for colours—realones that stare—is mainly for linings. Thusa dress may feature the tunic front, thatlong apron-like panel that always, to mymind, recalls the crusader's, which ho woreover his armour. The dress may be a3sombre as possible, but >as the fair onepursues her way the tunic, of course, willoccasionally flutter, and when it does # itmay expose a lining, the dye for whichwas surely borrowed from the blushes _ofthe apricot when dead\ ripe and awaitingthe picking. Or it may be pink, or blue,or green, but 'always for this flashing effect.Again, colour may bo employed for thefacings, if slight, with great advantage,especially if semi-disguised in a check ortartan. And, again, if in relation, in thebuttons. « .

I referred to the modes which my pic-tures typify this week in my previousbudget. 'This is the pony coat—the onewith a waistcoat effect. Could anything boreally more delightful for a young girl?

The coat hangs as etraightly as possible—-in fact, like a bo3r 's, —and the waistcoat,which may really be a blouse, is charmingin relation, affording, as it does, the neces-sary collar as well as setting off all else.

But touching these straightish costumesor suits, generally. What the wearer gainsthrough the economy shown in the cuttingmust be made up in the cutting itself; as,if any garment is difficult to make, it isthe one that has no ill features, whichmay be disguised with a little ornamenta-tion. There are but few home-workerswho can cut a perfect tailor-made; and,for the matter of that, it Is not everyprofessional who can turn out a suit with-out a flaw. My • oason for mentioning thematter is just to emphasise that thesimpler tha garment the greater the car©that must be taken in the making. Sim-

plicity is going to rule, as witness thisfrom another:—"lt is the fiat that thosimplest possiblo creations will lead theway r. 11 through the spring and summer.Realising the seriousness of life at the pre-sent time, women for the most part allowtheir natural common sense and good tastoto influence their choice, and as a resultthe fashions which make the most success-ful appeal are those that owe their chiefcharm to absolute simplicity."

The tunic holds a foremost place—tunicsas variously expressed as art has knownhow, tho one mentioned as tho apronpanel, the one with apron and back,. thesides being divided, and tho one that isreally a tunic in that it is all round, andlong, or short, as desired. And with,special reference to the latter length there"is the tunio bodies, which, of course, is aderivation from the peplum, and, uglyenough if badly cut, such being with noregard for the figure, is exquisite if madeby a finished hand after studying the pro-portions of tho wearer to be. Then thoone-piece frock claims attention, and suchis of two kinds—one colour with tunioeffect over a finely-pleated June, and waistdecorated with a vary wido sash girdle;and two colours, as navy and white andother selections less extreme. There are,of course, to supplement them, a longarray of coats and skirts and even drapedfrocks; but with reepect to the latter theart is in accomplishing much with verylittle without drawing attention to it.

Could a prettier frock than thia be de-signed? I question it. The blouse, with

its charming collar, and above all thetunic-skirt, Avith those frills to enhance it,is an ideal selection.

Something has to be said of the deepgirdle effects. While not an innovation,such are undoubtedly a strong new feature.But first it may be a deep belt, of self,of course, and really part of the frock.The girdle then, or bolt, if preferred, willbe as deep as possible, and less to conveya high-waisted effect than a low-bodice one.The broad applied girdle, perhaps the mosteffective expression of all, is a delightfulconceit if with the right figure. This, too,has its origin, and now Its day-by-daysurvival outside the realm of dress is thescarf worn with priestly vestments. Butthe girdle may also be duplicated—that isto say, made a double one,—that aroundthe waist being close, and the otherthrough the continuation being festoonedfrom waist one- side to hip the other. Ofa surety the deep girdle effect will pre-dominate, and in the real belt section achoice will lie between that and the ex-ceedingly narrow, the medium belonging toa suspended age—the one just passed.

I take this from some notes on coats andskirts, etc.:—"The coat and skirt costumeshows many novelties. The tunic effectmay bo noticed in some; these show thecoat boasting panels in front; at the backof the skirt of narrow dimensions, withthe sides inlet, the material finely pleated.The straight effect is 'le dernier erf.' Thefrock that does duty for many occasionsstands high in favour. A very charmingdesign showed the new, simply-pleated,straight skirt, and a loose tunic cut, on thelines of a Persian skirt, broadly belted,and decorated with chain-stitch embroideryin rathe? heavy >ilken thread. This handembroidery is seen on many a spring frock.Another noticeable navy model introducedvariety by having a straight 'split tunic,which stopped short to reveal the sheathunderskirt, worked several inches with siJkstitching; through the opening in frontone caught glimpses of a becoming nut-brown suede girdle, finished with an Orien-tal cla-.p."

Some of the so-called innovations are not

so at all, any more this season than in thepast. But there is one, and it is of arather decided character—the sleeveless

coat. Naturally without being told to thecontrary you would take the sleeve of thopicture as of the coat for lack of themeans on my part to distinguish betweenthorn. But there is the cuff, and whoeverheard of a cuff of this kind with a coat?Tho sleeve is of tho blouse underneath, thocoat fittir.fr against it snugly, though someare designed to do just the reverse. Thissleeveless coat made me thoughtful, and inmy haste the previous week I said that itwould entail tho same shade. But what ofthe most daring contrasts, for I have hadseveral experiences to show mo that suchwill bo in order. The sleeveless coat inany case will supply a much-felt want,'even though not a long one. For, con-sider tho economy of it 1 I could fill outa hundred lines at least telling of thethings it may be made to disguise.

I always like the "practical woman,"even when her experiences are not as newas she thinks. But they are perhaps alwaysnew to some, and henco the value of herwords:—"At present many are wearingblask and white check dresses or skirts,made almost entirely of cotton. Unlessthe precaution was taken of shrinking suchmaterial before it "'as made up, -it is likelythat washing will make it shrink consider-ably. Bla-\t and white check stuff soonshows dirt. I successfully cleaned a blackand white coat-frock, with benzino. I put askirt board in reidiness, and on a tablenear at hand a basin, three pieces of oldlinen towelling, jnd a large bottle of ben-zinc. I spread first one sleeve and thenthe other on the board, and sponged itwell with bsnzine, rubbing it well, espe-cially in the more soiled part; theji Icontinued the process with rag No. 2. andfinally with rag No. 3, ~ubbing until thesleeve was dry. After this I put the dresson the skirt -board with the back part up,and treated it bit by bit in the same way,When all wag finished the frock was puton a hanger and hung outside. The nextday I pressed it carefully,' and was de-lighted to find that it looked like new.Where black and white oheck stuff iswashed or shrunk, put a handful of saltinto tho rinsing wator, as this will pre-vent the black dye from running into 'thewhite."

_ At first glance this may strike you as toolike the blouso in the full costume. Buftthere is a difference, and a considerableone." .First, the frill is- not undulated, and

then the treatment on the ouff is ordinary.But the desire is to show the value of thedesign in relation to a frock that is nota tunic, but has one of its attractions inthe way it is "hedged" over the belt asthough drawn up and held in place by it.All these little details 'make for originalityand pretty dressing.

C&" Descriptions of balls, &c, must be e»dorsed by either the Witness correspondent for thadistrict or by the secretary of the ball oommittee.The MS. of any correspondents who do not complywith this rule" will bo sent to the secretary fa*endorsement prior to appearing.—ELlZAßETH.

To ensure publication in the forthcoming Ismmletters should reach the Witness office if possible!on Saturday night, but on no aocount later thaaMonday night.

WEDDING AT OTJTUAM.A Wedding, the atmosphere of which was

of a \listinctly military order, took placerecently' at Outram, the contracting partiesbeing Sergeant-major W. A. Gunn, who eawa good deal o£ active service in Prance, and.Mies Catherine M'lntosh Hannah, .whoseparents reside at Outram. After the cere-mony the bridal party and friends proceededto the Public Haill, where a sumptuous re-past was dene .ample justice to, and wherelater dancing was engaged in. A large

number of presents were received by tnei

young couple. Sergeant-major Gunn is

the only son of Mr William Gunn, of Glas-gow, Scotland..

HOME INTERESTS.SPAGHETTI WITH MEAT.

Bcquired: A email tin of spaghetti, 6oaof meat, one onion, a little .stock or wate-na pinch of sweet herbs, one carrot, salt andpepper, one or two potatoes. Cut the meatin small pieces and put it in a casserole.Add a little warm stock or water, thechopped onion, sliced potatoes, and eUoedCR-'.ot. Tio the herbs in muslin, and addthem with pepper and salt. Bring these tothe boil gently, then allow them to simmerevenly till all is quite tender. If the meatis inclined to bo tough, add a teaspoonfulof vinegar to the stew. Turn the spaghettiinto a small pan and add a dessertspoonfulof milk. Heat it through very thoroughly,and then put it round the stew. Serve atonce in the casserole. The herbs must beremoved before serving.

BEEAD CUSTARD.Have two tablcspoonfuls of breadcrumbs,

and add to these a tablespoonful of sugar.Beat two eggs, and pour over them apint of boiling milk (two breakfastcupfuls).JNext pour the custard over the crumbs andsugar, and, after mixing, put into a greasedpiedisk, and bake for an hour in a gentleoven.

THICK BROWN VEGETABLE SOUP.Required: Two carrots, two potatoes, two

onions, one large turnip or half a medium-eized swede, two sticks of celery or half ateaspoonful of celery seed, one small cab-bage, 2oz of fine oatmeal, 1 oz of dripping,two quarts of vegetable stock or water,bunch of parsley and herbs, six allspice,and seasoning. Prepare and cut all the.vegetables into small oubes, except thecabbage, which should bo shredded, or chopthem small if you are in a hurry. Melt thefat in a saucepan. Add th© onion and oat-meal, and fry them a rich brown. Add thestock, and stir until thickened and boiling.Put in the vegetables, herbs, and a littlesalt. Boil gently for about two hours, ortill all the ingredients are soft. Seasoncarefully, remove the spice and lierbs, andserve with dumplings or lx>iled rice.

SAVOURY BEAN 1 PASTE.It can be used without butter, and is very

good with bread or toast. JRequired: Onepound of butter beans, one fairly big tin cvf

September 4, 1918, OTAGO WITNESS. 51

sardines, two teaspoonfuls of anchovy essence,salt, and cayenne pepper. Wash and soakthe beans. Boil them from two to threehours, or till soft. Drain off, and save thewater. Hub the beans through a- fine sieve,then skin and bone and rub through thesardines. Mix well with the beans, addingthe oil from the tin. Season rather highly.Press into little pots, and, if to bo keptfor more than four or five days, pour aKttle melted fat over the surface to excludeair.

TO USE SCRAG EiNTD OF MUTTON.Simmer the mutton with an equal quantity

of peeled and finely-chopped vegetables—-i.e., if you have 31b of mutton use 3lb ofchopped turnips, carrots, and onions. Anyother vegetables can be used, but, of course,not greens. Simmer till the meat coniesquite away from the bone. Then strain allthrough a coarse cloth. Pick out all thebones and put all the meat and the vege-tables (which will be almost like a thickgravy) into a bowl previously rinsed withcold water. Put weights on top and leavetill the following day, when it can be turnedout. This way of using the meat givesyou: (1) A delicious shape, which is cut inslices and eaten cold; (2) a bowl of well-flavoured, nourishing soup; (3) a fair amountof fat, which will be found on top of thesoup when it is cold. If you do not care forsoup, put some sago in when cooking themeat. It will absorb all the liquor and fat;and. of course, the shape will be larger andvery nourishing.

OUR BABIES.By Hygeia.

Published under the auspices of theRoyal New Zealand Society for the Healthof Women and Children.

"It is wiser to put up a fence at thetop of a precipice than to maintain anambulance at tie bottom."

THE FUTURE OF THE RACE.The following article, by Dr Truby King

appeared in the June number of Overseas,the Monthly Journal of the Overseas Club,and I am sure our readers will be in-terested in it:

DR KING'S ARTICLE.One of the hist and most beneficent

features already shaping itself through themist and desolation of VVar is the impera-tive demand for higher ideals of heaitli forthe nation. The true value of physicalfatness as a personal and national asset hasbeen mado more manifest to mankind oflate by contrast with the naked uglinessand peril of inefficiency and disease. Howmany of us can Jay claim to perlect healthand fatness, or can say that we are entirelyfree from dental disease, indigestion, ordelorrnity of the feetT How many of uswould fetch a decent price on our intrinsicbodily merits if put up for open sale, asslaves were auctioned a hundred years ago,or as sheep and hoises are offered to-day iid be broken-mouthed in the case ofsheep,or .unfit tor the racecourse or the road inthe case of horses, is, of course, a fataldisqualification; yet we have been accept-ing these easily-avoidable handicaps torourselves and our families almost withoutprotest.

lleroert Spencer tried his utmost_ tomake us understand the true and rationalbasis for the sound and safe rearing andeducation of the Nation, more than sixtyyears ago, when ho wrote with propheticinsight:—

T'o BE A NATION OE"

GOOD ANIMALS''IS THE FIRST CONDITION TO NATIONALprosperity. Not only is it that theevent of a war often turns on thestrength and hardiness of soldiers, but itis that the contests of commerce are inpart determined by the bodily enduranceof producers. Thus far ws have foundno reason to fear trials of strength withother races in either of these fields. ButTHERE ARE NOT WANTING SIGNS THAT OURPOWERS WILL PRESENTLY BE TAXED TOTHE UTTERMOST.

The stock-taking and overhauling formilitary purposes has done us this greatservice at least—we have been brought torealise that the mere absence of actualsickness is an ignoble and impossible stan-dard for any nation that aspires to make,progress or even to retain its place in thesun We cannot afford to have half ouryoung men turn out unlit for serving theircountry, or even for efficient civil lite, andmost of our young women still more unlitand disqualified.

People are not going to remain contentin future with unfitness or indifferenthealth. Parents will demand somethingmore souna and robust as regards theirchildren's build And physique in tuture, andinstead of centring all their attention onexaminations and prize-taking, they andthe Education authorities may even rise tothe truly Imperial ideals of Almond ofLorette, the greatest of Scottish school-masters, when he eaid :

We ought to turn out the averageschoolboy pretty well germ-proof, .

..

I only wish there was a word to expressthat normal and giorious condition ofbeing which ought to be that of theaverage man and woman. Perhaps insome future century, when the rjerfectionof the human animal is regarded as ofequal importance with the perfection ofthe steam-engine, there will be such aword.

"BABIES OF THE EMPIRE."That, I take it, is just the ideal of the

"Babies of the Empire" scheme, and justthe kind of motive that led the OverseasOlub and Patriotic League to identify itselfwhole-heartedly with the movement.

But we are not going to wait untilschool life begins—we must begin with thebaby; and here, rgain, I may quote Her-bert Spencer:—

Is it not monstrous that the ofa new generation should be left to thechances of unreasoning custom, impulse,fancy—joined with the suggestions ofignorant nurses and the prejudicial coun-sel of grandmothers?

To tens of thousands that are killed,add hundreds of thousands that survivewith feeble constitutions, and millionsthat grow up not so strong as theyshould be, and you will have some ideaof the curse iniiicted on their offspringby parents ignorant of the laws of life.The most important epoch in the life of

the human being is the nine months beforebirth, and the year or so afterwards. Theboy or girl, and the future man or woman,has been practically mado or marred beforethroe years of age. By that time the greatportals of the body, the gateways for allour supplies, the gateways of health ordisease—viz., the mouth, the nose, thethroat, have ben formed for good or ill.

Further, most of the enamelling of thesecond set of teeth has been completed,and the brain has reached almost its fullweigh 1, and size. This explains why til.;young child can wear its father's hat.though the body will go on growing foranother twenty years.'

Enlightenment or Mothers.In the light of such facts all of us ought

surely to have this broad aim in common—-to try unci bring enlightenment, training,and help to every mother in the land inorder that she and her offspring may enjoythe best possible health and strength.

We must do our utmost not only for theslum mother, but for every mother. Whyshould a baby be penalised because it hap-pens to be born in some fashionable quar-ter where social custom and exactions areso often allowed to override the needs andrights of uoth mother and child? Thecruelty of Society in this matter ie due tothe fact that very little has been doneeither in girlhood or in womanhood toenlighten women as to the privileges, re-sponsibilities, and dutues of parenthood,and to warn them of the life-long sufferingthey bring on themselves and their chil-dren through triviality, ignorance ofmothercraft, and the want of sensible,regular habits throughout pregnancy andafterwards.It was with a broad outlook based on

such considerations as I have sketched thatthe Royal New Zealand Society for theHealth of Women and Children wasformed, and in this article cannot do betterthan quote for your world-wide readers thespecified "Aims and Objects" with whichthe "Babies of the Empire" scheme is nowsetting out; these aims and objects aremoulded on what has proved so great a.practical success throughout the last elevenyears in New Zealand.AIMS AND OBJECTS OF "BABIES OF

THE EMPIRE" SOCIETY.(1) To uphold the Sacredness of the Body

and the Duty of Health; to inculcate alofty -view of the responsibilities of mater-nity, and the duty of every mother to fitherself for the perfect fulfilment of thenatural calls of motherhood, both beforeand after child-birth, and especially to ad-vocate and promote the Breast-feeding ofinfants.

(2) To acquire accurate information andknowledge on matters affecting the Healthof Women and Children, and to dessemi-nate such knowledge through the agencyof its members, nurses, and others, bymeans of the natural handing-on from onerecipient or beneficiary to another, andthe use of such agencies as periodical meet-ings, at members houses or elsewhere,demonstrations, lectures, correspondence,newspaper articles, pamphlets, books, etc

(3) To train specially, and to employ,qualified Nurses, whose duty it -will be togive sound, reliable instruction, advice, andassistance on matters affecting the healthand well-being of women, especially duringpregnancy and while nursing infants, and"on_ matters affecting the health and well-being of their children; to train proba-tioners and students in infant care andmothercraft; and to educate and helpparents and others in a practical way todomestio hygiene in general—all thingsbeing done with a view to conserving thehealth and strength of the rising • genera-tion, and rendering both mother and off-spring hardy, healthy, and resistance todisease.

4. To co-operate with any present orfuture organisations working for any of theforegoing or cognate objects.

We shall give the remainder of thearticle next week.

LITERATURE.BOOK NOTICES.

"The Great Game." By Hamilton Drummond. London : Stanley Paul and Co(Cloth; 65.)

"The Great Game " is, of course, thegame of politics, and, how as ever, it iscurious to watch its close resemblance tothe lordly game of chess. To note theway in which the knight' (type of themilitary party) leaps over the difficultiesthat he cannot otherwise overcome, andthe bishop (type of sacerdotalism) forceshis way, in spite of all opposition, whilethe unfortunate pawn, slow, sturdy, andunafraid, is used and abused by all, wreek-lessly sacrificed to save the lives and fur-ther the schemes of others, and yet occa-sionally (very occasionally) comes out victorin the end. Even so in the present"game," which Avas played in France 300years ago, when the unscrupulous MinisterLouvois, striving to get the better of hishated rival, Colbert, forced the hand of ayoung Provencal noble intended for higherthings, and reduced him for the time tothe status of a pawn in the great game.It was not done without difficulty, forPierre Laurent de Gerson at the age of27 was neither a boy nor a fool, but hadthe keen sense of honour and noblesseoblige wdiich belonged to his name and hiscountry. But it Avas just because of thisthat he fell into the trap laid for himby the man-hunter, and was induced bythe threat of shame and disgrace falling onhis proud family to yield himself to theabhorred office of a spy and an informer.The story of how this was done begins ina Paris gambling hell, and,,is continuedthrough Laurent's many adventures to thedistant and, at that time, unsettled pi'o-vince of Auvergne, then recently addedto the French Crown, but still in thetrows of a misdirected loyalty to its for-mer ruler. In this hotbed of disaffectionLouvois thought that it would be possibleto discover, or invent, such evidenceagainst his rival as would surely lead tohis political undoing and loss of theKing s favour. How Laurent resisted thetemptation to play the double traitor; howfortune played into his hands, and how neultimately discovered the trick played uponhim by the crafty Minister, and was thusenabled, like the rarely successful pawn,to counter the schemes of his enemy andscorce an excellent drawn game—all thisis good reading, and shows a ad-vance in subtle analysis on Mr HamiltonDrummoiid's previous work, while retain-ing all his dainty touch on the stringsof Love's lyre, for in Auvergne Gersonmeets the lady of his choice, who showshim that, although "a man may fail attimes, he may be none the less worthy_ ofa woman's love," and by her convictionof this worth and her absolute faith in

it's redeeming power, influences him—allunknowing—into that straight and narrowpath which ieadeth unto life.

" The Pirates' Progress." By WilliamArcher. London: Chalto and Windus.(Sixpence net.)

This is an excellent short history of theU-boat inception and progress. In his pre-face the author draws attention to .manydisasters at sea from the loss of the WhiteShip to the sinking of the Titanic, and ofthe "agonies endured by survivors driftinghelpless on rafts or in open boats," add-ing :

" But until the present war brokeout it had occurred to no one to imaginethat disasters due to storm and tempestcould ever be reduplicated with cold de-liberation by the act of man." He thentraces the rise and progress of this prac-tically new horror which had hithertoplayed no part in naval warfare. Not atfirst did the U-boat make its expected re-volution in sea warfare. Legitimately usedas a fighting instrument, it was effectiveand formidable, but very far from all-powerful. The early successes of the Ger-man U-boats cost us the lives of manygallant seamen, and gave landsmen someuneasy moments. But neither in battlenor in " the war of attrition " did thesubmarine play anything like the import-ant part that had been predicted for it.It was not until the German Govern-ment determined to use it as an instrumentof sheer destruction, first against theAllied, and ultimately against all neutralcommerce, that its capabilities for destruc-tion were fully apparent. Even the earlyraiders (the Emden, etc.) were within their"legal-rights" when they took as prizesall enemy vessels that came in their way,so long as they treated the crews and.passengers with humanity and provided fortheir safety and protection. With the sub-marine it was quite different. From thefirst commercial victims, the Glitra, whichwas sunk in 10 minutes, their campaignhas been increasingly brutal and inhuman,no provision being made to secure thesafety of crew or passengers, but a fiendishdelight shown in their sufferings and acallous heartlessness shown towardunoffend-ing civilians, including women and chil-dren. Huge passenger liners and tiny fish-ing boats shared the same fate.' Step bystep Mr Archer traces the advance of thiscriminal campaign- In chapters entitled," First Attacks on Merchant Ships," "TheAnnouncement of the First 'Blockade,' "

"The Asturias to the Falada," "The Lusi-tania," " The Armenian to the Persia," hegives a brief account of each atrocity,pointing out its most salient features anaemphasising its ever-increasing ruthless-ness. In this way he comes to the actionof America in regard to the loss of theSussex, giving the text of the variousAmerican "Notes," and marking thesteadily-rising indignation of that country,which seemed to have no other effect thanto increase the German .callousness.Another chapter is devoted to the case ofhospital ships and relief ships, " the for-mer being the more atrocious, but thelatter the more for to sink- a hos-pital ship is to do appreciable damage tothe enemy, though by infamous means;but to destroy 'relief ships, which areemployed not only in supplying the needsof the Belgian population, but in 'reliev-ing' Germany of one of her most manifestduties, has all the air of that proverbiallyidiotic proceeding, ' cutting off one's noseto spite one's face,' " or of the moreclassic quotation, ' Whom the gods woulddestroy they first drive mad." In his finalchapter the writer traces the direct andslowly culminating effect of the submarinecrimes on America, and ends with thesewords:

The U-boat has thus proved to be theimmediate occasion, though, of course,not the sole cause, of one of the greatestevents of history—the union of the wholeEnglish-speaking world in the strugglefor humanity, democracy, and a lastingpeace. This is such a wonderful achieve-ment that maritime ruthlessness comesalmost to wear the appearance of a pro-vidential means to an incomparablybeneficent end. But though we may tellourselves that those who have died inagony through German crimes have atleast not died in vain, this reflection can-not and ought not to diminish the horrorwith which we regard the frenzy ofnational egoism, the sophistical perver-sion of all decent moral feeling, whichhas degraded a great Empire to thepoint of seeking 'So vindicate its claimto world-power by means of a systematiccourse of murderous piracy such as theworld, even in its darkest days, neversaw before.

" Memoirs of Corporal Keeley." By SteeleRudd (Arthur H. Davis). Sydney:N.S.W. Bookstall Co. Drawings byLionel Lindsay. (Is net.)

"Corporal Keeley's Memoirs" commenceat a very early period in his attendanceat the Vinegar Hill School, and explainsthe means by which he terrorised andbullied all the boys until "the starch wastaken out of him" by the united effortsof two smaller champions. We then fol-low his adventures in "minding housefor his mother," in sundry shearing sheds,etc. Then he hears of the war. He 'isfirst unwilling to enlist, but finally doesso with enthusiasm. Is sent to Gallipoli,is wounded, and his life saved by the de-votion of his "mate," and finally returnsto " Sunny Queensland" to marry the girlof his heart. It is quite a readable storyin Steele Rudd's well-known style, full ofcomic incidents, and breathing the unmis-takable atmosphere of the Australian back-blocks.

52OTAGO WITNESS September 4, 1918

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THE GARLAND.

FOR THE QUIET HOUR.

No. 262.

By Duncan Wkight, Dunedin.

MAN WAS MADE TO MOURN.Ho was batter to me than all my hopes,He was better than all my fears;

He made a bridge of my broken -works,And a rainbow of my tears.

The billows that guarded my sea-girt- pathBut carried my Lord on their crest;

When I dwell on the days of my wildernessmarch

I can lean on His love for the rest.He emptied my hands of my treasured store,

And His covenant love revealed,There was not a wound in my aching heart

But the balm of His breath had healed.Oh! tender and true was the chastening sore,

In wisdom that taught and tried,Till the soul that He sought was trusting in

Him,And nothing on earth beside.

And if to warfare He calls me forth,He buckles my armour on; ,He greets me with smiles and a word of

cheer,For battles His sword hath won;

• He wipes my brow as I droop and faint,He blesses my hand to toil.

Faithful is He as He washes my feetFrom the trace of the earthly soil.

Never a watch on the dreariest haltBut some promise of love endears;

I read from the past that my future shall beFar better than all my fears.

Like the golden pot of the wilderness breadLaid up with the blossoming rod,

All safe in the ark with the law of the LordIs the covenant care of my God.

—Anna Shipton.We have no wish whatever to ignore

or forget what a"~ sainted mother taughtin days of long ago:"A time to weep and a time to laugh;

a time to mourn and a time to dance."—Ecclesiastes iii, 4.

Leigh Hunt said: " God made bothtears and laughter, and both for kindpurposes; for us laughter enables mirthand surprise to breathe freely, so tearsenable sorrow to vent itself patiently.Tears hinder sorrow from becoming despairand madness; and laughter is one of thevery privileges of being confined to thehuman species."

Ye sons of France! awake, to'glory!HarkI hark! what myriads bid you rise!Your children, wives, and gxandsires hoaryBehold their tears and hear their cries.

—Marseilles Hymn.

Oh, when a mother meets on highThe babe she lost in infancy,Hath she not then for painsi and fears,

The day of woe, the watchful night,For all her sorrow, all her tears,

An overpayment of delight?—R. Soutbey.

The words of "Wordsworth appeal to me:Yet tears to human suffering are due;And mortal hopes defeated and o'er thrown,Are mourned by man, and not by man alone.

How can we, how dare we, mortal menand women, ever forget the two words,

"JESUS WEPT"?Mrs Browning has somethisg to say on

this unique utterance:Two sayings of the Holy Scriptures beatLike pulses in the Church's brow and breast;

by them we find rest in our unrestAnd, heart-deep in salt tears, do yet entreatGod's fellowship as if on heavenly seat.The first is "Jesus wept"—whereon is prestFull many a sobbing face that drops its bestAnd sweetest waters on the record sweet;And one is where the Christ, denied and

scorned,"Looked upon Peter." Oh, to render plain,By help of having loved a little and mourned,That look of sorrow love and sorrow painWhich He, who could not sin yet suffered,

turnedOn him who could reject but not sustain.

Erskine, of Linlathen, who visited Romein 1824, wrote: "The place from whichI write is just a mighty monument of theuncertainty of human beings—it is a homefor the afflicted and ruined and disap-pointed; for here they Avill see the tracesof a heavier affliction and a deeper andmore widely-extended ruin, and a moreunlooked-for blight than their own. Herethey do not see the tombs simply of in-dividuals, but of empires—they walk overthe ashes of all that this world has pro-duced of mighty, and glorious, and en-during, of cheerful and prosperous; andthey may thus have the consolation ofthinking that, when they suffer, they onlyshare the common inheritance of man.Thank God we have better and more solidconsolation than the mere knowledge thatwe have of our whole race, past and pre-sent, as our companions in" sorrow. Wehave learned that, according to the planof Divine wisdom, sorrow is the seed ofjoy, and that out,of the fragments of thislife a higher life "is to be formed."

Dark days will make us feel the light issweet,

Rough pathways here as on to pasturesgreen;

When loneliness and loss our hearts oppress,Moto clearly is the blessed Homeland seen,The land of love, without a cloud between.The griefs, the trials, the chastenings of

the way,Are spurs to urge us onward, wings to rise,Each seeming hindrance is a helping hand,An angel ministrant in dark disguise, •

Sent down to draw us nearer to the skies.Then let us, glad of heart, press on our wayAbove, boyoria, to Teach the appointed goal,Oastincr our cares upon the eternal Love,So finding rest for heart and soul;Till in Heaven's light we read life's meaning

whole.—Annie E. Woodcock.

Dr Martineau asks a question which isrelevant to the words of Burns, "Man wasmade to mourn."

"When the great Father, in His ever-lasting watch, paces His daily and nightlyrounds, and through these lower mansions

of His house gathers in the offered de-sires of His children, where, think you,does He hear the tones of deepest love andsee on the uplifted face the light of mostheartfelt gratitude? Not where His giftsare most profuse, but where they seemmost meagre; not where the suppliantsworship glides forth from the cushion ofluxury, but where the outcast, flying frompersecution, kneels in the evening uponthe rock whereon he sleeps; at the freshgrave, where, as the is opened,Heaven in answer opens, too; by thepillow of the wasted sufferer, where thesunken eye, denied sleep, converses witha silent star, and the hollow voice enume-rates in low prayer the scanty list of com-forts, and shortened tales of hopes. Genial,almost to a miracle, is the soil of sorrow jwherein the smallest seed of love, timelyfalling, becometh a tree, in whose foliagethe birds of blessed song lodge and singinceasingly."

SORROW AND SONG. •

Weep not over poet's wrong,Moum not his mischances";

Sorrow is the source of songAnd of gentle fancies.

Sweetest gleam the morning flowersWhen in tears they waken;

Earth enjoys refreshing showerss When the boughs are shaken.

Flowers by heedless footsteps prestAll their sweets surrender;

Gold must brook the fiery testEre it shows its splendour.

Stars come' forth, when Night her shroudDrawa as daylight fainteth;

Only on the tearful cloudGod, His rainbow painteth.

—J. Hedderwick.

F. W. Faber, whose lovely hymns- areso well known, and appreciated in alllands, has a message for us on what hecalls the "Poetry of Sorrow": "Sorrowis the substance of man's natural life, andit might almost be defined to be hisnatural capability "of the supernatural.The power of art is in the sorrowful. Nopoetry, finds its way into a nation's mind,or can dwell there, unless it have a bur-den of sorrow in it. To glorify sorrowis one of the highest functions of song,of sculpture, or of painting. Nothing hasa lasting interest for men which is notin some way connected with sorrow. » Allthat is touching, pathetic, dramatic inman's life has to do with sorrow.

_

Sorrowis the poetry of a creation which is fallen,of a race which is in exile, in a valeof tears closed in at the end by the sun-less defile of death. And we have beenredeemed by sorrow."

A WORD' TO THE WEARY.O mourner, whose tears are falling

So fast on the cheerless sod,Who feelest the world is empty,

Ay, almost without a God;Look up, there is one Friend left;Thou art not of Christ bereft.

He feeleth for all thy sorrow,His heart knoweth all thy grief;

He yearns to afford thee comfort,To give to His child relief:Look up, thoTigh thine eyes be dim,And pour out thy woe to Him.

—Charlotte Murray.

'* That which the French proverb hathof sickness is true of aljl evils, that theycome on horseback, and 'go away on foot;we have often seen a sudden fall, or onemeal's surfeit hath stuck by many to theirgraves; whereas pleasures come like oxen,slow and heavily, and go away like post-horses upon the spur. Sorrows, becausethey are lingering guests, I will enter-tain, but moderately; knowing that themore they are made of the longer theywill continue; and for pleasures, becausethey stay not, and do but call to drink atmy' door, I will use them as passengerswith slight respect. He is his own bestfriend that makes last of both of them."—Bishop Hall.

There are a thousand joyous things in life,Which pass unheeded in a life of joyAs thine hath been, till breezy sorrow comesTo ruffle it; and daily duties paidHardly at first, at length will bring reposeTo the sad mind that studies to perform

thom.- —Talfourd.

To countless thousands of men andwomen the world over the following mes-sage on the "Loneliness of Sorrow" inthese dark days of carnage and death anddeepest sorrow, my closing message to-dayis not applicable, but may bring a gleamof light and of comfort. "Oh! there aretimes of awful loneliness upon the earth—

times when, as the sun sinks beneath thehorizon, our hearts sink with it, and longdeep shadows fall athwart our souls;times when, as the sun rises again in itsfreshness and its strength, we feel that itbrings to us no light, no heat, no healingon its wings. We have no flowers inour hearts to unfold beneath its beams,our flowers have been plucked, and bloomwith us no more; we have no jewels toflash and glitter in its rays; we have hadour treasure taken from us, and our heartis like the rifled casquet—good for nothingin itself. PTave we not been startled byour own footfalls? Have we not beenalmost choked by our own breath? Havewe not dreamed while our eyes were open?Have me not felt as though our veryselves had been cut in twain, and that wewere incomplete, as though a part of ourvery being had been stolen away? Then,did we not become faint and sick at heart,did we not taste that which he who hasonce tasted will never forget—the nauseaof grief?"—Power." Tears often prove the telescope by

which men see far into heaven."

SCOTT THE POET.

By Jessie Mackay.

(Concluded.)It were looking for cauliflowers on a

camellia to expect a leader of the romanticschool to shine in comic verse. Scott puta curb on his Muse in this connection,but the creator of Bailie Jarvie and-Andrew Fairservice had to allow himself onecomedy flight that recalls the satire ofByron in form, if not in acerbity. In"The Search After Happiness" he re-tellsthe story of the hypochondriac Sultan ofSerendib scouring the world to find thehappy man who could pass on his beati-tude to the royal sufferer through thesympathetic medium of a looted shirt.Such was the prescription of his wisemother, Fatima, —

A dame who once was beauteous,And still was called eo by each subject

duteous.A shrewd touch or two disposes of the

unquiet East as the home of possiblefelicity :

"Enough of turbans," eaid the weary King:These dolimians of ours axe-not the thing.Try we the G-idours, these men of coat and

cap, IIncline lo think some of them must be happy.At least they have as fair a cause as any

can;They drink good wine and keep no Ramazan."

But Europe immediately after Waterlooclearly had-no conception of its blessings.Italy sent him to "one Giovanni Buili-,a perfect walking money-bag." France,After much late commotion,"Was agitated like a settling ocean.Besides, some tumours on his noddle bidingGave indication of a recent hiding.

Across " the herring-pool" life is littlesunnier:John Bull was in his very worst of moods,Raving of sterile farms and unsold goods.His wars were ended and the victory won,But then, 'twas reckoning-day with honest

John.Nor were the more restrained medita-

tions of John's Sister Peg much lessgloomy, though keen on a bargain:Ye'll be the gentleman that wants the ©ark?If ye wad buy a web o' auld wife's spinning,I'll warrant ye it's a weel-wearing linen.

Paddy, alone, though ragged, hungry,and- ill-lodged, was well to meet upon aholiday, dancing for pure gaiety:The odds that foiled Hercules foiled Paddy

whack;They seized and they floored and theystripped

him, alack!Up-bubboo! Paddy had not a Bhirt to his

back!The pawky ballad of "Christie's Will"

is more after the Scott manner, as dealingwith the legal Edinburgh of a day notthen so remote—a day when a gratefulmoss trooper could serve his friend byabducting, not a well-tochered bride forhim, but the portly judge, Lord Durie,who stands between the harassed manand his threatened patrimony. The re-flections of the bewildered Lord Advocatewhen he hecirs the call, " Hey, Batty, lad,far yond, far yond," in his darksomeprison may be imagined when he thinksthe hounds of hell are being set uponhis track:I ha'e tar-barrelled mony a- witch,But now I think they'll clear scores wi' me.

The sangfroid of Christie's Will as hehales back the weary judge into daylight,once the day of fate is over, is masterly.

But Scott built true poet-fame on farother and higher things than those lightflashes of a good-humoured wit.

The gem of every British hymnal is theprayer of Bebecca in "Ivanhoe." Not oneweak word breaks the sweet, mournfulsequence of faith perfected in suffering, anddevotion dewed with a nation's tears :

When Israel of the Lord belovedOut from the land of bondage came,

Her fathers' God before her moved,An awful guide in smoke and flame.

By day, along the astonished lands,The cloudy pillar glided slow;

By night, Arabia's crimsoned sandsReturned the fiery column's glow.

Then rose the choral hymn of praise,And trumps and timbrel answered keen;

And Zion's daughters poured their lays,With priest's and warrior's voice between.

No portents now our foss amaze,Forsaken Israel wanders lone;

Our fathers would not know Thy wiays,Andi thou hast left them to their own.

But present still, though now unseen!When brightly shines the prosperous day,

Bethoughts of Thee a cloudy screenTo temper the deceitful ray.

And oh, when stoops on Judah's pathIn shade and storm the frequent night,

Be thou long suffering,-slow to wrath,A burning and a shining light!

Our harps we left by Babel's stream,The tyrant's jest, the Gentile's scorn;

No censer round our altar beams,And mute are timbrel, trump, and horn.

But Thou hast said, "The blood of goat,The flesh of rams I will not prize;

A contrite heart, a humble thought,Are mine accepted sacrifice."It is often in the songs from the

Waverley novels that we may look forScott's happiest effects in verse. Howfinely he catches the airy Weirdness ofScottish folk song in Madge Wildfire'sdeath-chant:

Proud Maisie is in the wood,Walking so early;

Sweet Robin sits on the bushSinging so early.

H Tell me, thou bonnie bird,When shall I marry me?

When six braw gentlemenKirkward shall carry ye.

Who makes the bridal bed?Birdie, say truly.

The gray-headed sextonThat delves the grave only.

The glow-worm o'er grave and stone'Shall light thee steady;

The owl from the steeple sing,"Welcome, proud! ladyI"

Scott began his poetio career as a trans-

lator, and sustained it as a redactor, in,the famous " Minstrelsy of the ScottishBorder." One may well be sure there ismore of Scott than of any original in thefirst and professedly ancient part of thetrilogy of " Thomas the Rhymer."

True Thomas is taken away by theQueen of Elfland:O they rade on and further on,

Thee steed gaed swifter than the wind;Until they reached a desert wide,And living land was left behind.

0 they rade on and further on,And they waded through rivers aboon the

knee;And they saw neither sun nor moon,

But they heaTd the roaring of the sea.It was mirk, mirk night, and) there was nae

stern light, 2And they waded through red blude to the

knee:For ia' the blude that's shed on earth

Rins through the springs o' that country.Here there is all the eeriness of mediaeval

balladry, with the lyric beauty of the neo-balladists in that renaissance of romancein Scott's day.

The pathetic story of the perished youngmountaineer, watched in death by his faith-ful dog, is well matched with the plain-tive measure of "Hellvellyn.'-' The firstline is perfect, enough to inspire a kindof solemn, artistic rapture:1 climbed the dark brow of the mighty

Hellvellyn. ■The lines lead up with dignity to a

gentle climax :

When a Prince to the tale of a Peasant hasyielded,

The tapestry wanes dark round the dimlighted wall

With scutcheons of silver the coffin isshielded,

And pages stand mute by the canopy pall.

But meeker for thee, gentle lover of NatureTo lay down thy head like the meek moun-

tain lamb,And) more stately thy couch by this desert

lake lying,Thy obsequies sung by the grey plover flyingWith one faithful friend but to witness the

dyingIn the arms of Hellvellyn and Catchedicam.If we do not now understand the furore

that greeted Walter Scott's poetry in hisgolden prime, we can understand how ithas weathered the storms of Time. "Thelight that never was on sea or land" mayseldom illuminate his verse, but its charmremains in its manliness, its purity, itsfidelity to romance, its vivid descriptivepower, and its real swinging lyric quality.Few poets out of the first rank have fallenupon such popularity in their time, andfew of any rank have achieved more bytheir song. A moulder of national, taste,a refiner of national verse, Walter Scottbecame not only a welder of warringBritish elements and a powerful forerunnerof the higher Imperialistic idea, but anunconscious prophet of the international-ism of art. What lives of him is worthyto live.

THE NORTHERN TERRITORYEXPENSES OF DEVELOPMENT.(Fkom Oub Own CoBnEsroNDENT.)

SYDNEY, August 15."The Northern Territory is a night-

mare to all students of Federal finance,"says the Melbourne Age in a striking articledealing with the position of affairs in theNorthern Territory. The Territory wastaken -over by the commonwealth in 1911,so that it might be developed and notallowed to remain as "our dangerous openback door." It has already cost the com-monwealth over £6,000,000, and it looks asif it is going to cost some millions morewithout any return. It is a little tropicalparadise for an army of officials.

In 1911 the poulation, exclusive of abor-igines, was 330 L _ There is now, after sevenyears, a population of 4883, of whom only3554 are Europeans. To administer govern-ment to this handful of people no less than160 highly-paid officials are employed, atan annual cost to the commonwealth ofover £IOO,OOO. The revenue last year was£103,000, and the expenditure -£794,000.

There is one Government official to every22 white people. A complete set of de-partments has been established: no part ofthe administrative machine has been for-gotten. There is an Agricultural Depart-ment and a Lands and Survey Departmentto look after the needs of 10 settlers. In-cluded in! the personnel is a parasitologist(£4OO a year), a chief veterinary officer(£550), an inspector of stock, three farmand experimental station managers (£350),a director of lands (£650), four draftsmen,three surveyors, seven clerks, making atotal of 20—or two officials for each settler!

There are 140 Europeans engaged in min-ing, and thore are a director of mines(£700), a chief warden and surveyor (£520),another warden (£350), a geologist anddraftsman (£460), a Government assayer(£469), a mining manager, and numerousothers. There is a Police Department,with nearly 60 officials, a Gaol Departmentwith keepers, guards, and matron, a LegalDepartment, with special magistrates.clerks, and bailiffs; a Public Works De-partment for practically no works at all; afull-sized Education Department • for ahandful of children; a department to lookafter aboriginal affairs; another to takecare of the botanic gardens; a Health De-partment, and a department of charitableinstitutions, with medical officers, matron,and nurses. There is even a departmentcontrolling the hotels, the supervisor ofwhich gets £6OO a year, and the six hotelmanagers £3OO each. There arc perhaps 40officials, with an average salary of £SOOeach, plus allowances.

Huge sums have been spent to stimulateproduction, yet there are only 10 agricultu-ral settlers on the land. "This," says theAgo, "is due entirely to the fact that Min-isters have committed tho unpardonableerror of failing to recognise that the ■ Ter-ritory is a tropical country, and should bedeveloped as such. Instead of there being10 settlers, there should be 10,000. Buthow can such a country be developed suc-cessfully while labour demands wages likethose now in force? The range is from £3a week for rouseabouts to £6 a week forteamsters and drovers. With a supply ofcheap labour the Territory caivkl 'be trans-formed into one of our greatest assets."

September 4, 1918. OTAGO WITNESS. 53

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THE SKETCHER.THE SUBMARINE SCOUT.

By Observer." Blinp '" is colloquial for the small air-

ship known more authoritatively as theS.S., or submarine scout. It is non-rigid,and a pigmy amongst airships. Compari-sons are hazardous, but the S.S., roughlyspeaking, is to the torpedo boat destroyeras the Zeppelin is to the Dreadnought.

It is the U-boat destroyer. There areother ways of destroying U-boats, but theS.S. crew, who ought to know, thoughthey may be prejudiced, will assure youthat the S.S. is not one of the ways;it is the wav.

The gas-bag of the S.S. is about 150ftlong and 30ft in diameter, and its lowerstructure, which "is virtually that of ascouting aeroplane of medium power,makes the whole a cross between aeroplaneand balloon. The speed is from 30 to 40miles per hour; the crew is usually onepilot and one observer, and the cargo isa load of bombs, with fuel for a longdistance flight. Wireless is fitted, withcamera and observation instruments. TheS.S. is inexpensive, and exists by the hun-dred, keeping guard round the French andBritish coasts. It can stand still in theair, and the seaplane which can do thathas still to be invented. .If a U-boat lieson the bottom the S.S. can sit over it untilit decides to move or come to the sur-face. Meantime wireless has been at work,and arrangements made to give the sub-marine a warm reception.

If the submarine rises before naval helparrives, the S.S. tackles it alone withbombs; and if the S.S. pilot tires of hiscat-and-mouse game, he may descend andtry the effect of sinking a depth charge onthe submarine. And if the submarinetravels below water at a depth where it isfairly safe against depth charges, the S.S.travels with it above water till it comes,as sooner or later it must come, to s. shoalpart of the shallow North Sea, where itcan be effectively exterminated.

Subject to the duration power in theair of the S.S. there is little chance ofescape for a U-boat once it has beenspotted. The "spotting" is all, and theNorth Sea is a large place, while the rangeof the S.S. is small. So a large type ofairship with a wider range, the C.P., or.coast patrol ship, carries on further at sea,detecting mine-fielders as well as sub-marines.

Neither type is übiquitous, and both arefair weather flyers, more dependent, atany rate, on fair weather than are heavier-than-air machines; but the cordon on andover the sea grows daily tighter, and,though the submarine is still extant, it isbecoming far more a question of luck thangood management when it escapes one orother of the manv different traps laid forit.

QUAINT WORDS AND THEIRMEANINGS.

How some of the commonest words creptinto the dictionary and the manner inwhich they have been derived is a sub-ject of interest not only to the philolo-gist, but to the average reader. Themajority of people, however, are rapidreaders) and with such an immense stockof literature to tempt them, it is to befeared that they do not read as Ruskinwould have them do. " Books are divi-sible into two classes," he says—" thebooks of the hour and the books of time."He proceeds to advise the reader "to getinto the habit of looking intensely at wordsand assure one's self of their meaning.A few words, well chosen and distin-guished, will do the work that a thousandcannot when everyone is acting equivo-cally in the function of another," headds.

Delving into dictionaries is not such adry-as-dust- business as ono might expectwho has never given it attention. Farfrom this being the case, the beginnerwill find that to investigate the origin andmeaning of words is a pastime of absorb-ing interest. Furthermore, it enables usto use words both familiar and unfamiliarwith confidence and authority. And thatis something to be proud of in these days,when there is such a looseness of utteranceand a general disregard of the meaningand significance of words which are incommon use.

Many pages might be written, if notvolumes, on the subject before us, but the

-space at our command only permits us tocull a few examples of the origin of cer-tain words. The word " supercilious," forinstance, literally means above the eyelids.It is easy to observe that the eyebrowcontracts in the expression of such feel-ings as pride and haughtiness.

The word " cocoanut " is a fanciful deri-vation. At one end of the nut there arethreo dents, which children liken to agrotesque face. The Spanish and Portu-guese explorers had the same fancy, andthey bestowed on the nut'the name cocoor cacao, which is equivalent to our wordbugbear. Our word tea is a transliterationof its name in Southern China.

Coach is so-called from Kocs, a place inHungary, where, it is believed, coacheswere first made. Brougham is called afterthe celebrated Chancellor of that name,while Victoria is so called in honour ofQueen Victoria. Phaeton is just as obvi-ous, for students of mythology will haveread about Phaethon, who attempted todrive the chariot of the sun. Landauowes its name to the town of Landau inGermany. Jehu is an ironical term ap-plied to a cabman, because Jehu, who wasthe son of Nimshi, is stated in Holy Writto have distinguished himself for his furi-ous driving. It is a distinction whichnowadays is likely to lead a man into thePolice Court, and possibly to gaol. Gigmeans anything that will wheel aroundquickly, and therefore applies equally toa light two-wheeled carriage and a long,light boat. Cab is a contraction of cabrio-let, while hansom is called after its in-

ventor, John Alovsius Hansom, who wasborn in 1803 and 'died in 1882.

John Macadam, who was born in 1756and died in 1836. and gained for himselfthe sobriquet, ''Colossus of Roads," hashad his name immortalised in themacadamised roads of this and other coun-tries. In the reign of Queen Anne therelived a Colonel Negus, after whom thewell-known drink, negus, is called. Theinference is that he was the first to im-bibe this decoction. Shrapnel, about whichwe hear so much in time of modern war-fare, is called after a person of that nameand the inventor of the explosive.

The origin of few words is more interest-ing than that of the sandwich. It per-petuates the passion of the fourth Earl ofSandwich for gaming. It is recorded thathe was so intent upon it that he wouldnot stop for his meals, but had thembi-ought to him in the form of sandwiches,so that he need not quit the table. Thetabby cat got its name from the resem-blance of its cbat to a kind of wateredsilk made at Attabaya, a quarter of Bag-hdad. Cambric is derived from the Frenchtown of Cambrai, where the linen of whichhandkerchiefs are made was first manufac-tured. Muslin is named after Mosul, inMesopotamia, where it was first made.Alpaca was made originally from thePeruvian sheep of that name, while friezewas made in Friesland. However, it isnot always safe to jump at apparentlyobvious definitions like those just men-tioned, for tweed, although Scotch, isnot named after the river of that name,but is a corruption of twill. Nor is hack-ne.y named after the metropolitan borough,but is from hack nag, a small horse, andthe form hanquenee is frequent in oldFrench. Blanket is the diminutive of theFrench blanchet, and calico gets its namefrom Calicut in India.

The incident of Polonius hiding behindthe arras in " Hamlet" will present itselfto the mind of all those who have seenthat play. Arras is a town in Normandy,where the article of the same name wasfirst made. It is a tapestry, which theRomans were experts at making. Valanceis another French word which describesthe hanging of the bed, and which it ishumorously said are used to disguisewhether the servant has swept under thebed «or not-. Valance is the name of thetown at which these hangings were firstproduced.

But whether they were actually calledafter the town of* Valence or not is amoot point. According to the dictionarythe word "valance" is derived from theFrench word "avaler," to let fall, a wordwhich has also a good many other mean-ings, as French words are* apt to have.At any rate, we are likely to be right inaccepting the word "valance" as being ofFrench origin, just as so many terms incookery have been imported from France,while in return many English sportingTerms have gained currency in France.Nations are mutually indebted to oneanother for the copiousness of their lan-guage. Modern nations also owe a greatdeal to those which are now extinct, andthe English language having been derivedfrom so many sources, is probably themost cosmopolitan of them all.

Cravats were introduced into France in1636 by the Cravates or Croatians, an Aus-trian race. The terms in use to specifythe various kinds of wine are also prettyobvious. Claret is derived from a Latinword which means clear. Champagne keepsalive the name of the old French pro-vince, which was swept away as a geo-graphical division when the Revolutiondivided the country into departments. Itslighter rival, Moselle, is named from thebeautiful river, in the valleys of whichit is made. Port is named after Oporto,and Madeira after Madeira, while sherryis named after Xeres de la Frontera, nearCadiz.

Whisky is derived from two Celtic wordsmeaning water of life. Gin is a spiritflavoured with juniper berries. The oldFrench form of the Latin juniperus wasgenievre, and the name of the spirit wasconfounded with the town of Geneva, sothat it was ultimately shortened to gin.Cherry comes from Cerasus, and chestnutfrom Castanea, both of which are in Pon-tus, while currant comes from Corinth.Nectarine means as sweet as nectar, thefood of the gods, and damson is an abbre-viated form of damascene, pertaining toDamascus. Damascening is the method ofornamenting sword-blades, and fromDamascus we also get the term "damask."Turquoise literally means Turkey, becauseit was introduced by way of Turkey.

In "Sesame and Lilies" Ruskin dealt ina most interesting manner with the ety-mology of some of our common words.He explained the meaning of the word"bishop," whose functions, he pointed out,was to oversee, while the pastor was onewho saw to the feeding of his flock.He traced these words back to their source,and in an interesting manner initiated thestudent into the mysteries of Englishwords. A perusal of this book is suffi-cient to make all those who have read itwish to become philologists.

To take a few more words at random,we find that hose comes from the Frenchchausses. Poltroon is considered to be ofdoubtful origin, but it has been suggestedthat itowes its derivation to the "Italianword "poltro," meaning bed, becausecowards (poltroons, it may be explained,means cowards) feign themselves sick abedin times of war. A word of quite modernorigin is "dude," which denotes a masher.It is a revial of the old word "dudes,"which means clothes. And so we mightgo on. one could almost say. ad infinitum.But if _ stellar space be infinite, newspaperspace is finite. -

OLD CARDRONA.

Bv Geo. M. Has.sin-c;Except by the earliest shepherds em-

ployed on Roy's and the Wanaka runs.little was known about the CardronaValley prior to 1860. In that year MessrsRees, \

T on . Tunzelman, Hopkihson, andLowe, accompanied by two hired men,set out from Oamaru by way of the Wai-taki across the Lindis Pass, and madetheir way to the junction of the Haweaand Clutha Rivers.

Here the expedition nearly came togrief through an attempt to ford theHawea River with their loaded pack-horses. When the strong current reachedthe packs, the horses were washed offtheir feet and rolled over and over intothe Clutha. By the party galloping intothe river the horses were all rescued hutone, which disappeared down the Cluthaand was never again seen. The party wasfinally crossed safely in a small squareflat-bottomed punt belonging to WanakaStation, and, after a few days' spell anddrying- their soaked provisions and cloth-ing, they started on their journey up theCardrona Valley in search of new coun-try.

The entrance to the Cardrona Valleyfrom Mount Roy on the north to MountPisa on the south is about six miles wide,narrowing gradually to about a mile widein a distance of some 12 miles, to wherethe township is located. The whole ofthis area from hillside to hillside was atthat period one impenetrable jungle ofmanuka scruh, necessitating hill-travellingin ascending the valley. But the hills onboth sides were broken by creek chasms,precipices, and stretches of matagouri andrank speargrass, so that progress was mostdifficult and fatiguing, and hut a fewmiles a day was gained.

On the evening of the third day therewas no sign of the travelling improving-,so a consultation was held, when all,excepting Mr Rees, decided to give upfurther attempts and return next morningto Wanaka. Mr Rees, however, was de-termined to push ahead, and by appealingto the party for one at least to stick toliim, Mr K. van Tunzelman decided toaccompany Rees. After struggling alongfor days, they reached and climbed theCrown Range, which revealed to the twointrepid .explorers the magnificent sceneryof the whole of tin? beautiful "Wakatipudistrict. The subsequent stocking of theWakatipu runs by Rees and von Tunzel-man I shall not here dwell upon.

In the latter part of '6l and beginningof '62 two station hands—Messrs Low andM'Gregor—discovered payable gold in theArrow River near the present township.While working quietly they were sin-prisedby a party of prospectors—Messrs Wm.Fox, W. Melody, and J. O'Callaghan—-who had left the Dunstan, and by way ofKawarau Gorge, Roaring Meg, and GentleAnnie, reached the Arrow River. Theyimmediately pegged out a prospectingclaim : rushed back to the Dunstan, wherethe title was granted by the warden, andFox's Rush took place. Thousands ofminers from Gabriel's, Dunstan, and Aus-tralia flocked to the new Wakatipu gold-field. Hundreds of pack-horses were em-ployed in carrying food, tools, and neces-saries from Dunstan and Albertown tothe new diggings; and Cardrona Valleybecame the principal avenue of traffic.In '62 payable gold was struck in theCardrona 'Creek, just below the CrownRange.

In '63 a township was laid out, andseveral canvas-covered sod buildingserected for stores and saloons. Theseshortly gave place to structures made oftimber with iron roofs, and a busy, livelylittle township sprang up. Most of thegold was obtained above the township;but in '65 rich ground was opened a mileor so below the town. The three prin-cipal claims were the Pirate, the Home-ward Bound, and the Gin and Raspberry.These were alluvial claims, worked byshafts and drives or tunnels about 24ftto 30ft below the surface. The gold, run-ning through the wash gravel resting ona false bottom in narrow, well-definedleads, was easily traced. It was a nice,coarse sample, and yielded on an average£IOO a week per man, and for about 12months' work each of the 15 or 20 -work-ing shareholders netted from £SOOO to£SOOO.

There were a number of other claimspaying from £lO to £2O per week aman, so the little township was justbooming. Four hotels and as many bil-liard saloons were doing a roaring trade,and everyone had a pocket full of -money.Balls, races, and carnivals were held, andeverybody went the whole hog -. Even"Port-wine Mary," from "Drybread,"came over and planked down a littlestand. It was really a wonderful pandemonium. -

The West Coast Rush, however, causedmany who were doing really well to clear

54 OTAG'O WITNESS. September 4, 1918

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out, and in '67 all the rich claims hadbeen worked out, and the miners leftalmost in a body. Then the Chinese in-flux took place, when some 600 Chinamentook up all the old workings and openedout the whole creek-bed in large, deeppaddocks on a great face. These Celes-tials, working like bees in a" hive, weredoing; uncommonly well, and three largeChinese stores, cookshops, and gamblingdens were erected in the township, whichreminded one, both in odour and appear-ance, of the outskirts of Canton or Shang-hai.

In the late sixties European minersstruck a lead of gold in a flat a milebelow the township, at a depth of about30ft. Here two large claims—the Empireand the Banner of War were opened outand worked by inclines and tunnels, thewash being drawn up by powerful water-wheels. Other claims below were workedon a smaller scale. What was known asthe lower township sprang up here, withits hotel, store, and many neat miners'residences, while in the upper townshipwere erected a bank, public school, policequarters, and gaol. The Warden andMagistrate's Courts sat monthly, andchurch service of all denominations wereheld regularly. A strong branch of theMiners' Association was established, andgot busy at once, obtaining many Govern-ment and local concessions, such asstraigth-out grants of £2500 for the con-struction of the Crown Terrace road, £7OOfor gold prospecting, 1500 acres for acommonage, a cemetery reserve, and a finepublic library. The teacher also heldevening classes for the education of adultChinese.

In the early seventies the whole ofBranch Creek, a tributary of the Car-drona, four miles below the township,was pegged off for hydraulic sluicing.This creek yielded a lot of gold for severalyears, and it was predicted that Cardronawould have a bright and permanentfuture. But in 1878 a great flood over-whelmed the place, and swamped, gutted,and filled up with thousands of tons oftailings many of the workings, especiallyon the lower flat. This catastrophe Tuinedmany of the miners, myself included. Ithereupon made application to the South-land Education Board for the position ofteacher of the Cardrona School, whichhappened then to be vacant. I was suc-cessful in obtaining the appointment, andhave followed that occupation continu-ously under the same board for 40 years.

On looking back upon the 11 years,from 1874 to 'BS, spent on Cardrona—-very happy days, though not withoutcaTe, anxiety, and sorrow,—the outstandingfeature was the cosmopolitan, brotherly,charitable, and - helpful spirit animatingthe whole community. This was especiallynoticeable in cases of accidents, sickness,or distress of any kind. There was neverany question as to who or what thesufferer was: it was simply to know thathelp was needed, and all were eager toassist. The women were especially worthyof praise, and just here I cannot refrainfrom mentioning two names in particular—Mesdames J. O'Callaghan and M. La-franchi. They were indeed true Samari-tans. Mrs O'Callaghan, the first whitewoman in Arrowtown, wife of one of theoriginal prospectors of Fox's, died onCardrona some years ago. She left foursons and two daughters, one of whom ismarried to Mr A. Lafranchi, dredge-owner, Cardrona. One of the boys,' Ted,paid the supreme sacrifice in France somemonths back. Old Mrs Lafranchi and herdevoted daughter are still living on Car-drona, while the youngest boy, Albert, isfighting the Empire's battles. Mrs J.Small, still living at Hawea Flat, also dis-tinguished herself by many acts of kind-ness in the early mining days. I mustnot omit the late Mr Bobt. M'Dougall,a true friend of the pioneer miners. Com-ing over from the early Australian rushes,he was one of the first to establish store-keeping business at Arrow, Macetown,Cardrona, and Pembroke. An educated,energetic, and enterprising man, he thor-oughly identified himself with the fortunesof the miners. No hard-up digger wentshort of tucker or tools if M'Dougall knewit; and the whole of the Wanaka districtbear evidence of his foresight and activity,and is materially indebted to the late MrRobt. M'Dougall for the progress it hasmade. Bobt. M'Dougall, jun., is still run-ning the old store and the coalmine onCardrona.

A few of the early miners, now allpassed away, who kept Cardrona hum-ming in the early days may also here bementioned. The brothers Charles and AlfAustin, both clever as organisers, decora-tors, and social entertainers, handy menin any capacity. Bobt. Miller, a mostaccomplished musician on the piano, vio-lin, concertina, and banjo. He was' amusical genius. Joe Needham, the fac-totum and general handy man, especiallyat auditing and balancing accounts; aman of erudition and mathematical know-ledge. Bob Hodgson (Geordio Bob),sport, and boss miner on the creek. JohnLoft, the light-weight champion of Dur-ham, is still living on Cardrona; andJohn Willoughby, the old-time blacksmithand farrier, now proprietor of the old Em-pire Hotel, did good work as Sunday Schoolteacher and member of school committeein the early days. The old gentleman andhis estimable wife are still hale andhearty. Walter Little and Ned Baumanare also stemming the tide fairly well.

Old Cardrona has had its ups anddowns periodically. A revival took placein 1889, when the Robertson Bros., fromMartin's Bay, arrived and opened- therich high-level run of gold, Many thou-sand pounds' worth of gold was then ac-quired easily while it lasted. My ownopinion is that, judging by the geologi-cal formation of the country, other runsof alluvial gold at a higher level on thesame line of country, with probablyquartz reefs higher still, will yet be dis-covered on Cardrona, and the placo againassume tho humming prosperity of theearly days. At any rate, to me it is amental pleasure to occasionally dwell uponthe memory of those happy years, spentamidst truly democratic surrounds andgenuine friends.

INVENTIONS AND APPLIANCESOF INTEREST TO AGRICULTURE.

C. J. Lynde, Macdonald College,Quebec, Canada.

MILK CAN.The two water-tight cylinders in this

can are filled with crashed ice to keep themilk cold on the way to market. This

is of special interest at this time.—H. G.Nelson, Chicago, 111. (U.S. Patent1,258,056).

REIN HOLDER,This rein holder is attached to the trace

chain and supports the rein while thedriver is operating a plough or other im-plement. You could make one with a

piece ol heavy tin, two spools and twobolts. —John M. Lovett, Bainbridge,Georgia. (U.S. Patent 1,256,027).

AUTOMOBILE POWER.To use this power mechanism, the driver

backs the automobile up the incline untilthe rear wheels rest on two belts, and

then clamps it,in this position. The poweris taken from a pulley on the end of oneaxle. —A. Christiansen, Everett, Wash.(U.S. Patent 1,264,488).

WIRE FENCE TOOL.This simple tool enables a man to bring

together two wire ends and twist them.It also serves him as a staple puller and

as a staple hammer. Your blacksmithcould make one for you.—R. F. Wyatt,Minneola, Kansas (U.S. Patent 1,264,246).

UMBRELLA SOCKET.This holder enables a man to carry an

umbrella over his head while working inthe hot sun. It would look strange atfirst, but so did the first umbrellas. You

could try out the idea by attaching asocket to a pair of suspenders.—H. T. S.Stuckey, Bishopville, S.C. (U.S. Patent1,262,402).

LIGHTNING RODS.Protection against lightning is of special

interest at this time, and you can getparticulars regarding it in Bulletin 220,"Lightning Rods," Department of Agri-

-1

culture, Toronto, Ont,, Canada; and alsoin Farmers' Bulletin 842, "ProtectionAgainst Lightning," 5 cents, Supt. ofDocuments, Washington, D.C.

WILD LIFE IN NEW ZEALAND

No. XI—WILD DOGS.

By G. M. Thomson, F.L.S.

It may seem strange to speak of dogsas wild animals in NeAv Zealand, and itis questionable Avhether there are any Avilddogs at the present time, but in the earlydays of settlement they Avere fairly abun-dant, and Avere truly feral. Dogs are themost thoroughly-domesticated of animals,and in none has the moral and intellectualfaculties been more highly developed. Butjust as some men degrade these facultiesto the basest uses and become a menace tothe rest of their race, so some dogs—onlya feAV, it must be admitted—go Avild andbecome a menace to their human com-panions and masters.

It is of interest to remember that AvhenCaptain Cook came to New Zealand theNatives had dogs, Avhich they had broughtAvith them from their original homes inPolynesia. Most of .the histories of themigrations of the Maori refer to the factof their bringing dogs with them, so thatthey had probably been in the country forsome centuries before the date of Cook'svisit in 1769. Crozet, Avho visited theseislands in 1772, saAV these dogs, and de-scribed them as follows :—" The dogs area sort of domesticated fox, quite blackor /white, very loat on the legs, straightears, thick tail, long body, full jaws,but more pointed than that of the fox,and uttering the same cry. They do notbark like our dogs. These animals areonly fed on fish, and it appears that thesavages only raise them for food. Somewere taken" on board our vessels, but itwas impossible to domesticate them likeour dogs; they Avere ahvays treacherous,and bit us frequently. They would havebeen, dangerous to keep Avhere, poultry Avasraised or had to be protected ; they avouMdestroy them just like true foxes."

Foster, in his account of Cook's secondA'oyage, Avriting of the Queen CharlotteSound Natives in 1773, says: " A goodmany dogs were observed in their canoes,which they s->frned very fond of, and kepttied with a string round their middle.They Avere of a rough, long-haired sort,with pricked ears, and much resembledthe common shepherd's cur, or CountBuffon's chien de berger. They Avere ofdifferent colours, some quite black, andothers perfectly Avhite. The food whichthese dogs receive is fish, or the same astheir masters live on, Avho afterwards eattheir flesh and employ the fur in variousornaments and dresses." Later on in thesame journal he says: "The officers hadordered their black dog to be killed, andsent to the captain one-half of it. Thisday (June 8), therefore, we dined for thefirst time on a leg of it roasted, whichtasted so exactly like mutton that it wasabsolutely undistinguishable. . ..InNew Zealand and in the tropical isles ofthe South Sea the dogs are the moststupid," dull animals imaginable, and donot seem to have the least advantage inpoint of sagacity over bur sheep. In theformer country they are fed upon fish; inthe latter, on vegetables."

Bellingshausen, Avho visited NeAv Zea-land in 1820, says: "We saAV no quadru-peds except dogs of a small species. Cap-tain Lazarew bought a couple. They arerather small, have a Avoolly tail, erectears, a large mouth, and short-legs."

Dieffenbach, Avriting nearly 70 yearsafter Cook's visit, remarks that .' thenative dog Avas formerly considered adainty, and great numbers of them wereeaten; but the breed, having undergonean almost complete mixture Avith the Euro-pean, their use as an article of food hasbeen discontinued, as the European docsare said by the Natives to be perfectlyunpaltable. The New Zealand dog isdifferent from the Australian dingo; thelatter resembles in size and shape theAvolf, AAdiile the former rather resemblesthe iackal."

The Rev. Richard Taylor, author of "TeIka A Maui," who is not alwaA-s a re-liable authority where natural history isconcerned, says/: "The New Zealand dogAvas small and long-haired, of a dirty AA'hiteor yelloAV colour, with a bushy tail. Thisthe' Natives say they brought Avith themwhen they first came to these islands."Then he adds: " It is not improbable.hoAvever, that they found another kindalready in the country, brought by theolder Melanesian race, with long whitehair and black tail: it is said to haA-e.been verv ciuiet and docile."

The Maori dog has totallv disappeared.Mr S. Percy Smith, of New Plymouth,tells me that the last one he heard of wasabout 1896. But I have mentioned ithere, because it was in part the progenitorof the Avild dogs Avhich afterwards becamesuch a dangerous nuisance to sheep-breeders.

When settlement becran European dossmust have crossed freely with the nativeanimal, and many, both of the introducedand crossed dogs, became truly wild,especially as there AArere sheep and goatsto Avorrv and piers to chase and kill. Theearly settlers could not distinguish betweenMaori docs and these wild, halfbred curs.Thus R. Gillies,, writing in after years ofthe early days of the Otago settlement,AA-hich Avas in 1848. says: "For someyears after the settlers arrived here theAvild dog Avas the terror of the flock-master, and the obiect of his inveteratehostility." W. D. Murison, formerlyeditor of the Otago Dailv Times, Avritingat the same period (1877). tolls hoAV in1858 he and his brother took up countryin the Maniototo Plains. Avhich theyreached by the valley of the Shag River.The Avild doa;s Avere \T ery troublesome. Thefirst was caught by a kangaroo dog, ap-parently imported from Australia for thepurpose of hunting them. "This particularwild dog was a-olloav in colour, and so wasthe second killed, but the hulk of thoseultimately destroyed by us Avere black andwhite, showing a marked mixture of thecollie. The yellow dogs looked like a dis-tinct breed. They were IoAV-set, with short'

pricked ears, broad forehead, sharp snout,

and bushy tail. Indeed, those acquaintedwith the dingo professed to see little differ-ence between that animal and. the NewZealand yellow wild dog. It may bo re-marked, however, that most of the otheidogs we killed, although variously coloured,possessed nearly all the other character-istics of the yellow dog. The wild dogswere generally to be met with in. twos andthrees; they fed chiefly on quail, groundlarks, young ducks, and occasionally onpigs. On one occasion, when ridingthrough the Idabuxn Valley, Ave cameacross four wild dogs baiting a sow andher litter of young ones in a dry, tussoekjlagoon. To our annoyance our own dogsjoined in the attack upon the sow, andthe wild dogs got away without our get-ting one of them. , . . In all we de-stroyed 52 dogs between September, 1858,and December, 1860."

Taylor White, writing in 1889, says: "1consider these dogs entirely distinct from'the European dog. For the wild dogsmet with on the Waimakariri River, inthe alpine ranges of Canterbury, duringthe year 1856, Avere in colour and mark-ings identical with those found in thealpine region of Lake Wakatipu in I860)a distance of several hundred miles apart.There seems little room to doubt that theywere an original Maori dog. The factof their wanting the two tan spots oveithe eyes mostly seen in European dogs oiapproximate colour is a very strong evi-dence also in favour of this opinion."

At one time wild dogs were so commonin Marlborough and did so much damageon the sheep runs, that packs of huntingdogs were bred for the special purpose oirunning them down. As settlement pro-ceeded and the country became opened up.Avild dogs were gradually exterminated.The only ones which are now met with arecurs which have taken to rabbits or tcsheep-killing, and have managed to escapefrom their owners.

Bellingshausen reported wild dogson the Macquaries in 1820 but it is im-probable that they long survived thesealers, Avho probably generally broughtthem to the islands. As soon as thekilling of seals and sea lions stopped thedogs in all probability died out. CaptainMusgrave, Avho was Avrecked on the Auck-land Island in 1864, discoA'ered Avild dogs,like sheep dogs, on the island. Their case..however, Avas probably similar to thoseon the Macquaries, for I am not awarethat any subsecpient visitor to the islandhas seen them.

In a reprint from the Auckland Heraldof-November 18, 1866, Ave read: "It ii=not generally known that about Otamateaand the Wairoa the bush is infested Avitbpacks of Avild dogs, as ferocious, but moredaring, than AvolA'es. These dogs hunt inpacks of from three to six or eight. Theyare strong, gaunt, large animals, and dan-gerous Avhen met by a man alone. Notlong since a Maori, Avhen travelling fromone settlement to another through theforest, was attacked by three of theseanimals at dusk, and only saved himselfby climbing into a tree, where he waskept prisoner until late the next day. Theextensive district over which these packsroam was once Avell stocked with wildpigs, but most of these haA-e fallen Arictimsto the dogs, and since this supply of foodhas failed the dogs have ventured afterdark to the neighbourhood of Native settle-ments and the homesteads of Europeansettlers in quest of prey."

WHIPPET TANKSNEW DESTROYER TYPE

In a naval sense, the usual 'tanks or Ilandslips, whether they bo British, French,or German, have heretofore been of thobattleship is to say., they havebeen slow-moving, heavily armoured, andpowerfully armed craft, meant rather tostand up and fight to a finish than to dashin and out of a combat, and to depend onquickness of movement as the main weapon(says the Scientific American). But inbreaking up and pursuing bands of infantry-men in the open there has been a distinctcall for a "destroyer" type of tank—onethat could travel at a comparatively highrate of speed and that possessed a higherorder of mobility in general.

To the British, the originators of thetank idea, has remained tho further honourof developing a tank of, tho fast, destroyertype. This type, known as the "whippet,"has already mado its appearance on the.battlefield in recent open fighting, and itsdebut has been crowned with success. Thewhippet has caterpillar treads of the usualdesign, arranged on either side of a sortof flat-car' body. On tho platform of theflat-car is mounted a single turret whichhouses the crew and the several machineguns with which the whippet is armed.The flat-car body measures 18ft in lemrthwhile the turret is 6ft in height. Theengine is placed at tho rear of the gunturret, in a separate armoured housing.

During a recent engagement near Caohvon the western front, tho German infantrywas seen assembling beforo the British posi-tions. Seven whippets were ordered to dis-perse tho Teutons, and in hardly no timethey were upon tho foe. Meanwhile theGermans, having the larger, slow-movingBritish tanks in mind, held their groundwith the idea of playing machine-gun firoand hurling grenades at the advancing foe.But soon tho whippets were on top ofthem, opening a fierce machine-gun fire onthe greyclad groups, which soon broke andran, pursued by the fast whippets. It isfurther reported that the whippets not onlvkept pace with the fleeing Germans, butin somo instances overtook and crushedthose who had escaped tho machine-gun fire.It appears that the whippet tank canreadily make 12 miles an hour, and a fully-equipped Teuton infantryman can hardlvhope to maintain that speed for a prolongedperiod.

September 4, 1918 OTAGO WITNESS. 55

•Egbert: "I am not altogether -withouthope. Sho smiled on me almost the wholeevening." -Candid Cousin: "Well, thatshows she has a sense of humour, an3 --

way."All tho lean peoplo want to be fat;

It's hard to know what wo all meanOr whoro we all wish to be at.

But despite the diesension that holdsOne decision of all will endure j

That the very best treatment for coldaIs Woods' 'Great Peppermint Cure.

Judge: "And bo you sacrificed name,honour, future, and freedom for the sakeof two miserable shillings?" Thief: "T did.your worship. That's all the.ro was in thesafe."

Before going out in the cold wet weather,take NAZOL on sugar. This will kecjcoughs and colds away. Thousands useNAZOL. Sixty doses Is 6d.

i&mB^ra&'^y^', ''-'^!''- , ?", ',;';■•:■..;

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Our nerves are similar to an intri-cate network of telegraph wires.Controlled and nourished by aportion of the brain—known asthe nerve centres—the delicatethreadlike nerves radiate in alldirections throughout the body.So long as the nerve centres arecapable of continually supplyingnourishment to the nerves, thenerves will remain strong andhealthy. But directly the nervecentres become weakened byoverwork, worry or anxiety, theyare unable to transmit thenecessary nourishment, and thenerves become worn out and"on edge." Then it is that a sud-den sound makes you " jump "

—you get irritable—you sufferfrom neuralgia—you are rest-less and depressed. In this con-dition there is nothing to equal

The Wine of LifeBecause, being a powerful nervefood, ' Wincarnis ' gets right tothe root of the trouble, and, bycreating a supply of new nerveforce, stimulates and revitalisesthe whole nervous system. Try4 Wincarnis ' for ' Nerves.' Itis wonderful. Over 10,000Doctors recommend it.

' Wincarnis' is made in England byCOLEMAN & CO.. Ltd.. WincarnisWorks, Norwich. You can buy ' Win-carnis ' from any Wine Merchant, li-censed Chemist or Grocer, but If youexperience any difficulty in obtaining it,write direct to Sole Distributing Agen'.s,Fassett & Johnson, 233, Clarence Street,Sydney, N.S.W.

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SiiSV.r'-'V-J-T-. ■•'■'

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H Travelling in Winter fj| Is largely divested of its discom-& forts if you are equipped with aH "Mosgiei"—the C-»sieat,Warmest,L and Most Beautiful RUG that

zc-a Money can bay I

Mr Wraggo states that a gigantic stormon tho sun will shortly cause earthquake*and meteorological disturbances in variousparts of the world.

DOT'S LITTLE FOLK.Dot tnrites short let-,

ters from her youngfriends throughout theDominoon on mattersof interest to them-selves, the result of

V their observations la=\ the animal world, do-y scriptiona of anything

they are interested in,of the district iswhich they live, attheir school and homolife, holiday trips, Ao.The letters are to bowritten by the littlefolk themselves, andaddressed "Dot, oareof Editor Witness."

Dot's Little folk's Badge 3 with p*D, for use asa brooch, obtainable on application to Dot. Price,Is 8d post free, in penny or halfpenny stamps.

Auto. Cards are obtainable from Dot, Witnessoffice, Dunedin. Price. Bd for 2b.

OLD WRITERS' WEEK.OCTOBER 30.

Old writers' week lias been fixed for October30 this year, and) I hope a great number ofour old friends will find time "to send ineven a short note. I have already in handthree letters from our soldiers for 0.W.W.,so I hope everyone will rally round andprove to them since they have not forgottenus wo also bear them in mind. All lettersmust reach-this office not later than October23.

LETTERS FROM THE LITTLEFOLK.

Motto:—We write for the benefit of others, notfor ourselves.

No letter to contain more than 350 words.

Dear Dot,—I have just got over a week'ssickness, and am not in the very best ofhealth. "We have a new teacher, and I likeher very much. My sister and I have a duetwhich we play on the piano. I was 12years old last April, and am in the FourthStandard at school. Our fowls are begin-ning to lay now. My sister is going to adance at Te Tua. I think I am going to aconcert at Tuatapere on Friday night. Oneof my little brothers has a very bad cold.My youngest brother is a year and fourmonths old. He is a little hard case. Kindregards to The Flower Girl, Red CrossNurse 11, and the rest of my correspon-dents, not forgetting yourself.—Yours truly,

GRAPE'VINES (Te Wae Wae).■[l hope you are now feeling stronger,

dear, and quite recovered. —DOT.]Dear Dot, —"When we had those strong

winds the Maheno was blown from PelichetBay to Macandrew's Bav, and landed at apoint near the school. When she first cameyou may be sure we were round at her. _ Itwas a very cold day, so you can imaginewhat it was like at the point. The boyswere the first to venture on board. After-wards The Rose of Allandale, my sister, andmyself made up our minds we would go onboard. We were frightened at first, butran about from deck to deck, and jumpedfrom the top deck to the ground, about 15ftto 20ft below. We always eat our lunch onboard. One day when the wind was blow-ing very strongly the boat nearly got awaywith us in it. I don't know what I wouldhave done if it had. We have no Mahenoto go to now, for she has been towedaway. We are going to get a new ballbuilt down here. I suppose we will haveour break-up in. it. Love to all the D.L.F.,not forgetting yourself.—Yours truly,

QUEEN MAB Harbour).[Young people are venturesome, Queen

Mab, and take groat risks.—DOT.]

Dear Dot, —We have two cows and sixcalves on the hill. A fire came right downto the school to-day, and the playgroundwas full of piece of fern. The swing bridgeacross the Clutha was swinging in the wind,and I could hardly get over it. I knew afew D.L.F. in Miller's Flat and Rue's Junc-tion. Best love to all the L.F., not for-geth'n<r yourself.—Yours truly,

SHEEP SHANK ALIVO (Island Block).[Uncle Sam—Eds-cr -Hunter, Brookfield,

Saddle Hill. Wild West Cowboy—D. C.Broomfield, Tarras.—DOT.]

Dear Dot.—I know several D.L.F. here,especially Gipsy Belle and the Vingarnel.I am working at presont in a big factorywith many girls, and I like it very much.I have three brothers, the eldest of whomis at the front. Best love to yourself andall the L.F.—Yours truly,

CLARIBEL (Gore).[I have forwarded the badge and autos to

your address, dear.—DOT.]

Dear Dot, —I will be nine on ChristmasDay, and am in Standard 11. We havejust had our wharf made 20ft wider. Thechildren used to go down and watch themen on the piledriver putting in the piles.L often wondered how the piles were putdown under the water. I always thoughtholes were dug at low tide; but they justtie the piles with a rope, and then the"monkey" strikes the pile till it is quitefirm. Then springs were put on the out-side of the wharf to keep the boat fromcracking it again. I have three sisters andone brother. Dove to all the D.L.F., notforge+tiner yourself.—Yours trulv,

SEASIDE RAMBLER (N.E. Harbour).Dear Dot.—The weather here has been

awful, but I think it is starting +o clearup now. I went for a walk down th« riverwith my sister, and we had some fun. Itried to jump a but fell into it. Ihave four sis+ers. There is goinsr to be adance up at Five Rivers on Friday night.and I think I will go. My father andmother are sway for a holiday, so there areonly foui- at homo. I have been readingsome nice books lately. There is soing tobe a football match here with Balfour onSaturday. I went for a ride on a flash horsea few days ago. I was going to go over toDoris May's place on Sunday, but it was adull day, so I didn't go. Best love toPatricia and Doris May, not forgetting your-self.—Yours truly,

ALLGOOD (Lumsden).Dear Dot,—We have been having beauti-

ful weather lately. Our second termexamination is next week, and the follow-ing week we have one week's holiday. Thelady teachers have to go to drill, and allthe other classes have another week, excentStandards 111,. IV. V, and VI. The onlyflowers we have out just now are japom'caand v>rimroses; but we will soon have diiffo-dils, as most of them are in full bud. Thisyear we have a bed of prize roses whichwe got from Auckland. I found a spar-row's nest last night with two eggs in it.Our hens are laying now, and the Persiancat always sits in the nest with the henswhen they are laying. Love to Polly Pringle,

Little Actress, Sapphire, Topaz, White Heron,iJo-Peep, and Little Actress's Mate.—Yourstruly,

DOLLY DINGLE (Oiautau).Dear Dot, —At last spring seams to be

hero. The weather has cleared, and thespring flowers arc beginning to come up.We have a large number of daffodils,which will soon be in bloom; and a bedof snowdrops, which look beautiful allcovered in pure white blossoms. There aren.lso a few primroses showing among theleaves. The poor little violets were badlyinjured by the sno\v and frost, but therewill soon be a fresh lot of blossoms in alltheir bsauty. The place where I live isalmost surrounded by hills, and the EyreMountains and Takitimo Mountains can beseen in the distance, still covered in snow.In the summer they are free from snow;but on one of the peaks of the Eyre Rangea. white cross can clearly be located whenall the other peaks are bare. There is agreat amount of bush on the sides of themountains,' but I havo never been in itbecause / the mountains are too far fromhere. Love and best wishes to my corre-spondents, comrades, and your own tloarself.—Yours truly,

DORIS MAY (Lumsden).[I have posted your badge, Doris, and

hope you receive it safely.—DOT]Dear Dot, —I had my first experience of

snowballing about three weeks ago, whenthe snow was about 3in thick. I thought itgroat fun, and hope to have another fightto-day, as the snow is falling thick andfast. My father and I were going to havea willow-planting day to-day, but the snowput an end to it. We play football atschool, but yesterday when we were playingthe baill got punctured. Love to all theL.F., not forgetting your own dear self.—Yours truly,

TOMAZO (Ngapara).[Like you, I revelled in a snow light when

I was young, Tomazo, but am not very keenon it now.—DOT.]

Dear Dot,—About three weeks ago we hada heavy fall of snow, and we had greatfun snowballing and making a snow man.There is another fall of snow here to-day,but there is not much on the ground yet,but we hope to have some fun after awhile. Queen Elizabeth is my cousin. Iam learning to play five hundred now, andlike it very much. I am in Standard V atschool now. We have four little calves tofeed. Love to all the D.L.F., not . for-getting yourself.—Yours truly,

JAPONETTE (Ngapara)._Dear Dot,—I arn 10 years old and in

Standard IV at school. I like going toschool very much, and have missed only oneday this year. We are having nice springweather now, and the daffodils are comingup. *We have not many flowers, but arebusy making a flower garden. We have onecow milking just now. Her name is Belle.The Red Cross held ,a euchre party and adance in aid of the Copper Trail. Love tothe D.L.F. and yourself.—Yours truly,

CROMEL (Athol).[You are very welcome to join us, dear.—

DOT.]Dear Dot, —When I was in Gore with A

Soldier's Wee Sweetheart, I met Gipsy Bell.We are having our term examination justnow, and have 11 lessons a day. Love toall the L.F., not forgetting yourself.—Yours truly,

BESSIE T. (Maitland).Dear Dot,—We are going to have our

examination at the end of this month, andI am hoping it will not be hard. Therehave been a number of weddings here lately.Nearly everyone has a cold. My mother isnot keeping very well lately. I play withKoselyn at school now. Love to WhiteHeron, Roselyn, Valeria, Dolly Dingles,Sapphire, Polly Pringles, Dancing Doll,Amethyst, The Little Actress, Topaz, andRosy" Cheeks, not forgetting yoursef.—Yourstruly,

LITTLE 80-PEEP (Otautau).Dear Dot,—I had a letter from Queechy

yesterday, and she had sent me a nice hand-kerchief for my birthday. It has been rain-ing and blowing all day to-day, and, onegood thing, it has blown all the snow

.away, which was lying a foot thick on theground. Is a gunshot wound from a shell,shrapnel, or a rifle, Dot? I am knitting apair of slippers, and do not like doing itvery much I wonder if any of the L.F.could give me a little verse. It beginssomething like this: "Accept from me thislittle gift." It is a verse to send withsomething to a friend, and I cannot thinkof the rest. Love to Queechy, Hop-alongCassidy, Tangles Wonnie, the L.F., and yourown dear self.—Yours truly,

MRS TICKLE TOBY (Wendon Valley).[I understand that gunshot wounds are

those caused either by rifle fire or perhapsmore especially machine gun fire, as dis-tinguished from woimds caused by high explo-sives as shrapnel, etc.—DOT.]

Dear Dot,—Since I last wrote anotherbrother of mine has left for the war. Ihave two there now. My first brother wentwith the Ninth Reinforcements. He is stillgoing strong, and has not had a scratch.We had a patriotic concert, and I Went toit. It was very, good. This is a very wetday, and people"' here are expecting a flood.Our factory will be opening on the Ist ofOctober. We will be milking 11 cows forthe factory this season. I send the Witnessto my brother at the front. Love to all theL.F., .not foigetting yourself.—Yours truly,

MILKMAN II (Middlemarch).Dear Dot,—We have had snow, sleet, rain,

and frost this year, and the roads and play-ground are very muddy; but the weather isnow fine, and the ground everywhere isdrying nicely. We have a few lambs now.I have a pony, which I ride to school. Hername is Fanny. There are eight childrenwho either drive or ride to school. We areplaying football at school.—Yours truly,

NEW ZEALAND LAD' (Kelso).' Dear Dot,—We are having much betterweather now than we were having twoweeks ago. Mac and W. S. B. motored withtheir father to the Taieri to see if grannyand grandfather would come and stay withthem for a while. We are breaking in twoheifers at present. One of them is veryquiet. There is to be a concert in Kelsoon the 23rd of this month. Whether I go ornot, I hope the night is fine and the concerta success. We have not started to dig ourgarden yet, but if the weather keeps finewe won't be long in getting a start. Didyou ever try growing melons, Dot? I triedgrowing them last year, but I cannot saythat they were a great success, as I didnot know anything about them. Best love toDad's Girl, Mac, W. S. 8., -Kuropena,Soldier's Friend, and all the other LittleFolk, not forgetting yourself.—Yours truly,

BURNT BRICK (Kelso).Dear Dot, —I am 16 years of age, and _ go

to work during the day and attend eveningclasses four nights a week, so you see myspare time is very limited. I intend goingin for office work. I am ready to takea position in an office as soon as a suitableplace presents itself, or rather when Ihave the opportunity of obtaining a place.I hope the summer will make up for thebad winter we have experienced. Although

the weather has been eo bad our pulletshave been laying very well, which shows1110 careful attention they receive. Myfather's special hobby is fowls, and ho puts-in all his spare time looking' after themand experimenting with ' them. On Sun-days I attend Bible Class, where we spendan interesting hour, and during the summermonths we go for rambles, arriving homoat about 8 o'clock. Last summer I went forthree or four rambles, and found it a verygood way to spend a Saturday afternoon.On these occasions we visited Silverstream,the Cliffs, N.E. Harbour, and Mount Flag-staff, and were overcome with fatigue onour return journey. I have just finished read-ing

" David Copperfield." which I enjoyedimmensely. I have read several books bythe same author, and found them all inter-esting. The "Pickwick Papers" was ratherhumorous in parts. Best wishes to yourselfand all the L.F.—yours truly,

A DUNEDIN GIRL.[I hope now you have made a start yon

will find a few moments occasioanlly inwhich to write a short note.—DOT.]

Dear Dot, —I read a 'delightful book notlong ago called "Gladys Gnahame." I havestarted to knit a pair of stockings. Mysister was up hero not. long ago, but she didnot stay very long. This is lovely weathercompared to what we were getting laetmonth. "We have a few violets and pansiesout at present. Love to all the D.L.F. andyourself.—Yours truly,

LONELY VERA (Crookston).Dear Dot,—The spring flowers are well

above the ground now. Our daffodils are7in or Bin above the ground, and we havesnowdrops out in flower. I had a lovelyfall off my bicycle about a week ago. Myside was black and blue .after it, and myarm was very sore also. It was a WonderI was not killed, as I was going very fast.My sister, Echuca, is still sick, but she isable to • be up now for a while each day.Maheru and I are going to cycle to ConicalHills (Maheru's home) on Sunday. It iseight miles away, so I think we will betired by the time our destination isreached. Happy Birds is married now, Dot.She has been married three weeks; she livesin the North Island. My brother and Iare going up to see her' at Christmas.Tongala also lives up in the North Island.I must tell her not to forget to' write forO.W. week. She intended to write last year,and something came in the way and shemissed her chance. A, Sister of Two Soldierscame home to-day after spending twomonths at Otautan. I was very pleased tosee her, as she is one of my mates. Kindestregards to Stationmaster, Tarewai, PlainBill, Shakespeare, Margaret, Europena,Verdun, and yourself.—Yours truly,

MOTHER'S IVY (Tapanui).[Please convey my very best wishes and

congratulations to Happy Birds, dear, and Iam sure all the laF. will join me in wishingher health, wealth, and prosperity.—DOT.]

Dear Dot,—My auntie died the other day.The bulbs ere coming through the groundhere. "We get a dozen hens' eggs every day.The snow la all away from here now. Wehave two or three lambs. Our cow diedlast week. Our goose has laid five eggs. Iscalded my leg, but it is nearly better now.The mountains round here have still a thickcoating of snow on them. "We have someviolets out in flower, end they axe verypretty. Love to all the D.L.F., not for-getting yourself.—Yours truly,

PRINCESS PUSSI WUSSI.[I am sorry to learn of your mishap,

dear, and please accept my sincere sympathyin the loss of your aunt.—jjO'T.]

Dear Dot,—The snow is clearing away fromhere. One of our cows died last week. Ourhens are laying now. We are milking onlyone cow and feeding one calf, and it ishard to make him drink. We have notstarted to dig our garden yet, as the groundis too wet. "We have a lamb about sixweeks old. Love to all the. D.L.F., not for-getting yourself.—Yours truly,

PRINCESS ELVA.Dear Dot,—We are milking two cows.

Mother's Idol and I are mates at school.I think we will be getting holidays soon.We are to have a school concert some timerext month. Best wishes to Mother's Idol,Fuchsia, A Western Star, and yourself.—Yours truly,

BARLEY QUEEN (Athol).Dear Dot, —We have been having . very

cold weather these last few days. Ourschool concert turned out to be a greatsuccess, but I had a very bad cold, andcould not sing my best. Some of the Wai-kaia performers who were assisting at theconcert were delayed on the way, and aspecial motor car had to be sent to bring themthe.'rest of the way, so as to be in timeto perform. I have been learning musicnow .for about two quarters, and like itvery much. I go for my lesson every Thurs-day. Iceland Poppy is living in Gore now.I bad a letter from her last Monday, andshe said that she likes Gore better thanRiversdale. I think she should, too. Kindregards to Tiny, Elfin. Shells of the Ocean,and Iceland Poppy.—Yours truly,

WA.RRIMOO (Riversdale).Dear Dot,—l am 10 years of age to-day,

and in Standard 111. I have four brothers,and I am the only girl in the family.Struan is the oldest boy, Alan comes next,then Nairn, and last of all Baby Bruce.Baby is ill, but is getting much betternow'. I iam the eldest of the family.Love to Maureen, Silver Bell 11, and all theother L.F., not forgetting yourself.—Yourstruly,

CEITA (Mataura).[You are very welcome to join us, dear.

I hope Bruce is now quite recovered. —DOT.]Dear Dot,—I received an envelope with

an empty box. I was wondering if youhad sent it. We have had better weathersince I last wrote. I know Warrigal andDrummer boy. We are going to have anexamination by our schoolmaster on Tues-day. Kind regards to all the L.F., not for-getting yourself.—Yours truly,

LADY ETHEL (Woodlands).[Perhaps the wrong box was put in th©

envelope, dear. However, I will post anotherto you-—DOT.] •

Dear Dot,—It has been raining here fortwo days, and it is very dirty about thehouse. My little brother has been in bedwith a bad cold, . but he is nearly betternow. I was not at Sunday school to-day,because it was too dirty. "We shall bebusy gardening when the fine days come.Lovo to all the L.F., not forgetting your-self.—Yours truly,

SAILOR BOY DICK (Palmerston S.).Dear Dot, —iTiave only another year until.

I become an Old Writer. I am Workingin town now, and like it very well. I havea good place, end that makes a difference.I have met Brown Eyes and Draw-Egansince I came here. I saw another L.F; in thestreet one night,_ but I wasn't wearing mybadge, and so didn't like to speak. I amjoining the Y.W.C.A. here. I go to themeeting on Monday evening. There _ aremeetings every evening, but Monday is asort of all-round meeting. I was very inter-ested in Nurse O'Shea's lecture. I thinkit was very good, and would go to hear thatalone. I missed the Red Cross work, as I

56 OTAGO WITNESS. September 4, 1918

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A Clear Saving to You of 30s to £2 per Suit!1

Write at once for Patterns, or, better still, come in and selectyour Cloth.

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Son. Treasurers:Jas. W. Henderson Geo. Shirtcliffe

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(Lady) Helen S. Bloggett.

P.B.—Tou are quite at libertyto use this as you thin): fit. %

TOWN PLANNING.WELLINGTON, August 29.

The Hon. Mr Russell states that Mr S.Hurst Segar, who attended the AustralianTown-planning Conference, is preparing afull report of the conference for the InternalAffairs Department. The Minister hopesearly ' next year to arrange for a town-planning conference being- held in Welling-

on, which will bo attended by representa-

tivos of local governing bodies, togetherwith Ministers whose departments

_

comeinto direct touch -with the ofour soldiers, which appears to be a subjectespecially arising out of tho town-planningmovement in Australia.

She: "Tomkers has been arrested for! desertion." He: "You don't say so! "Wife) or army?"

was late. Then they had singing, which is

my favourite pastime, so altogether I P^jLa very pleasant evening. Love to The WildIrish Rose, Stars and Stripes, Brown Eyes,Draw-Egan, Aotea Roa, all the Mabel BushL.F., and also Brownie and Grace Darling,not forgetting yourself.—Yours truly,.

GOLDEN! DOCKET (Invercargill).Dear Dot,—On Wednesday night I was

runing after cows, and as I ran down thehill I ran a stick into my foot, and havebeen laid up since, but hope to be at workon Monday. Well, I have not had the luckto meet any L.F. down here since I receivedmy badge. The weather baa taken a changenow, and about time, too, for it is notnice getting up at half-past 3 o'clock tostart milking 32 cows by hand between twoof -us. On one wet day I was out roundingup cattle, when the horse went into a hole,and I went over her head up to my waistin water, and it was no good having toride about a mile to get a change. Love toyourself, A Girl of the Limberlost, Mamaru'sCousin, and Gwen.—Yours truly,

A MOTHER'S BOY (Tussock Creek).[There .are quite a number of L.F. at

Tussock Creek, A Mother's Boy, and doubt-less you will soon meet them.—DOT.]

Dear Dot, —I have been catching rabbitslately, and have nearly 300 skins. Theskins are worth well over 6d a piece now.We have a nice lake near our place, andtho sea is just beside it. We all go to theseaside for picnics every summer. _ The lakeis well stocked with fish, and it is goodsport floundering in the summer time. Weencountered an octopusl one night. We usebicycle lamps to see to spear the flounders.We milk 18 cows, and if will not be long 1before they are coming in. It will then bea very busy time, as we will have manycalves to feed and the milk to take to thefactory. Best love to all the Little Folk,not forgetting yourself.—Yours truly,

SHIPWRECKED SAM (Kapuka).[You will have quite a substantial cheque

to your credit soon.—DOT.]Dear Dot,—We are getting our week's holi-

days. The inspector has not come yet. Ididn't go to church because it was too wet.I have joined the Young Helpers' League;it is to help - Dr Barnardo's Homes. Wehave some" wee lambs and five chickens. Wehave 'snowdrops, crocuses, and snowflakesout. Love to all the D.L.P., not forgettingyourself.—Yours truly,

CACTUS (Gladfield).Dear Dot, —We are still having winter

weather. With yesterday's and last night'srain the river is over its banks in the lowplaces, but is not over much of our. ground.This river is accustomed to freshets. LastFriday night I was at a Sunday schoolsooial, and enjoyed myself very well._ ThereI saw Flowers. and Nobody. I was in Gore}ast Saturday getting three teeth extracted.One good thing, they never troubled me atall. While there I saw Blunderbuss, buthad not much time to speak to her. I willbe in Gore again next Saturday to get twoteeth stopped. Kind regards to all the L.F.,not forgetting yourself.—Yours truly,

MATRIA LILY (Otama).Dear Dot,—I have been to Gore, and as

it was a fairly good day I enjoyed myselfall right. While there I met_ Blunderbuss,but as I did not have much time I did notget speaking to her long. I Was very tiredwhen I got to Kelso; the train alwaysseems to tire me somehow. There was a con-cert here on Friday night, and as the even-ing was fairly fine it turned out a success.

"My father was in Gore last Saturday at asale, and when he came home it was pour-ing rain, so his trip was not quite aspleasant as mine. Best wishes to all theL.F., not forgetting yourself.—Yours truly,

A SOLDIER'S FRIEND.Dear Dot, —I am going to Mabel Bush

School, and we have a good teacher. Weare gding to have our examination on Mon-day or Tuesday. My three brothers and myfather are going to a social to-night. Somemusicians are coming out from town to playfor the dance. My father is going to act asM.C We have a football at school.H.M.S. Warrior is staying at our place tillChristmas. My brother is going to campon the 9th of next month; he is going inthe infantry. Best wishes to H.M.S. Warrior,Aileen, and yourself.—Yours truly,

SHOOTING STAR (Mabel Bush).Dear Dot,—I am nine years old, and ride

to school. There was a church social lastnight> and I was there. It Was very good.There are 80 children going to OrawiaSchool. Our teacher is leaving. There id tobe a darkie minstrel performance on Wed-nesday, August 28, in aid of the school funds.A dance is to follow. I have two sistersand one brother. We milk six cows, andhave nine horses. I have, had a- cousin killed.at the war. I haven't missed a day fromschool this year. Love to all the D.L.F., notforgetting yourself.—Yours truly,

LAVINA (Pukernaori):.'[Your attendance has been excellent,

Lavina, especially as the weather has beenso bad.—DOT.]

Dear Dot,—I am eight years old, and inStandard I. We are milking six cows.Thero was a social last night. We ride toschool. I have two sisters and one brother.I have an uncle at Featherston, one returnedhome, and one going into camp next month.My cousin rides to school on a litle pony.Our teacher is leaving the school. Dove toall the D.L.F., not forgetting yourself.—Yours truly.

WINTER DAISY (Pukernaori).i[You are very welcome to join us, dear.—

DOT.]

Dear Dot,—I havo six sisters and twobrothers, and my oldest brother left NewZealand - with the Fortieth Reinforcements.I know several Riverton girls who write tothe page. I have left school, and am atpresent working at home, but might go tothe High School next year. Kind regardsto all the L.F., not forgetting yourself.—Yours truly,

CATLIN (Thornbury).Dear Dot,—This la my first letter to your

page, so I hope you will let me join yourhappy band. I am 16 years of age, andtherefore consider myself getting old. Iknow a good few D.L.F. about here. Loveto yourself. Golden Lily, Lady Levenside,Patriotic Lass, Seekashore, and Anzac'sNiece.—Yours truly,

CURLY SID (Ringway).Dear Dot, —I have been at Catlins for a

few days, and had nos a bad time. I hada letter from Postman Henry some timeago, which was written at sea. He alsowrites interesting letters, and seems to havelivened tho page up with his cheery style.Love to Queen Rocket, Terra Nova, WildIrish Rose, Postman Henry, and yourself.—Yours truly,

SNOW BERRY (Centre Bush).[I will try and alter the other N.D.P.,

or, if you prefer, you could alter yours—-just as you wish.—DOT.] v

Dear Dot,—We havo been having ratherwet weather lately, though tho spring isshowing itself in the flowers and plants.We havo one cow calved; she has a wee red-and-white heifer calf. Little lambs are be-ginning to make their appearance on somefarms. The daffodils are coming out, andwo have many violets out also. We are

having our term examination to-morrow, andtho next week our holidays begin, and con-tinue for a week. I think I am going awayfor a holiday. I will be sorry when thecows come in, for I do not like milking,though I will not be sorry when we have alittle pet lamb to feed.. We saw somerabbit holes all blocked up. I have nodoubt that there were young rabbits in

them. Kind regards to all the L.F., in-cluding yourself.—Yours truly,

PICCOLO (Limehills).Dear Dot,—My birthday, is on the 2nd

September, when I will be 16. We havehad fairly fine weather for this last week,but it looks as if rain is coming # again.Lambs are making their appearance in thisdistrict. We have about 300 on our place.We are milking eight cows and feeding eightcalves. Our hens are laying well now, andI have a clutch of chickens out. They arePlymouth Rock®, and 12 chickens came outfrom the 13 eggs set. We have one duckand one bantam, and they are laying. I havethree guinea-foWls, and they chase and pickthe other fowls. Wo have been giving ourcows hay this winter, and we also give themturnips. There is a hall being built aboutthree miles from our place, and it is to beopened by a social and dance in three weekstime. I suppose I will be going. > Someweeks ago we had some snow, but it dis-appeared in about a day and a-half. Thereis a baby carnival up here at present, anda lot of money is being gathered. There aresix babies entered, and each is Well sup-ported. There is a soldier settlement of1000 acres near us, and there are 14 soldierson it. Nine of them are married men. _ Ido not suppose there are any L.F. writingfrom near here.—Yours truly,

GAz,OOKA (Marlon).[I cannot recall at present that there are

any L.F. in Marton, Gazooka, although wehave quite a following in the NorthIsland—DOT.]

Dear Dot,—You will see that I am awayfrom home again. I am afraid you willthink I am always away, because nearlyevery time I write to the page I am awayon a holiday or away -somewhere; but Iam thinking about working down here.Love to Queen's Rocket, Terra Nova, Snow-berry, and all the D.L.F., not forgetting your-self.—Yours truly,

. FLOiiINE (Centre Bush).Dear Dot,—I have only one year left to

write as a present-day writer, so I hadbetter make hay while the sun shines.< I amnow in North Canterbury on Banks Penin-sula. . I find it quite a change, as I hadnever been out of South Canterbury before;but I must say I prefer being down in thesouth. We are quite near Lake EUesmere.The country is awfully hilly just about here,and we are in a valley. The steep banks andhills are covered with native bush, whichmust have a very pretty appearance in thesummer. We had a great time with the snow,and in fact it is not all gone in places yet.We are 30 miles out of Christchurch, and Ifo in occasionally, only it is a long drivey car. I prefer the train; it takes longer,

but is the most comfortable in my estima-tion. I like Christchurch, and think it apretty city with its river winding through.About six weeks ago I went to a pantomimecalled "Dick Whittington," and I enjoyed it.It was the first play I had seen, so it quiteopened my eyes. I do not see the Witnessup here, so do not know how the page isprogressing. I have been out for a ride to-day, and enjoyed it, even though it wasraining a bit. Love' to all the L.F., notforgetting yourself.—Yours truly,

PUDDOCK (Otaahua P.0.)Dear Dot,—I am 11 years old, and in

Standard 111 at school. jJaddie's Potiki isa mate of mine at school, and I like hervery much. She has been ill lately. It israining very hard just now. It started earlythis morning. I have a little brother, andhe is two and a-half years old. I like himvery much, and he likes mc.—Yours truly,

GLORLY QUAIL (Moeraki).[I am sorry our little friend is ill, dear,

and hope she is now quite better.—DOT.]Dear Dot,—We have had splendid weather

up here lately. Yesterday, by way of achange, it clouded over and to-day a warmrain is falling. The rain, of course, makesthings rather uncomfortable, and we weren't inany need of it for the present. We are atpresent milking 17 cows, and it takes afair amount of work to hand-feed them all.The grass, however, will soon begin to grow,and dairy farming will be a much easieroccupation for a few months. As an old boyof the T.8.H.5., I take an. interest in thedoings of the school, and was veiy sorrywhen Waitaki beat us at football by 6 to 5.I was, however, slightly appeased when Isaw that they had beaten Otago by evenmore.—Yours truly,

PEN-PUSHING COWBOY.[I must remind you that it is imperative

for correspondents to vwrito on one side ofthe paper only, Pen-pushing Cowboy. Youare mistaken concerning the football match.Otago B.H.S. beat Waitaki 6 points to nil.—DOT.]

•Dear Dot, —We have not had very goodspring weather yet, but I hope it will_ comeshortly. The grass and clover is beginningto come away in the paddocks now, and itwon't be long until there will be a lot oflittle lambs running about in them again.We have finished our second term examina-tion at school, and in about another weekwe will have our school concert, and will begetting our term holidays shortly after thatevent. I went for a long rido on horsebackthe other day, and it was lovely. Justiceand Truth is one of my mates at school.Kindest regards* to all my correspondents,and Justice and Truth, Wild Red Rose, andall the L.F., not forgetting yourself.—Yourstruly,

KILMENY OF THE ORCHARD(Tuturau).

Dear Dot,—I have seen only one lamb asyet. We have two geese and three ducks.A weasel took the drake. Thero are only12 childi-en going to the school here. Ourteacher has only one arm. We have sewingat school. Best wishes to all the Little Folkand yourself.—Yours truly,

RUBY'S BUTTERCTJP (Chaslands).Dear Dot, —Little Red Riding Hood is

away to Dunedin for a holiday. We wentto a. social the othor day, and had a goodtime. It was a welcome-homo to a soldier.Since I last wrote my mother has been awayto Dunedin. Soldier Boy shows me theWitness nearly every Week. - There are agood many men working in the scheelitemines up here. Some of the flowers are com-ing out now. Snowdrops and violets andother early flowers are out up here. Weare milking only one cow just now, andwe got plenty of milk from her. We aregetting six or seven eggs a day now; allthrough the whiter we got only one or two.Kind regards to all the L.F., not forgetting:yourself.—Yours truly.

•MOUNTAIN LILY (Glenorclry).Dear Dot, —The jumble sale (about which

I have written before) has passed, and thegoods, which Were numerous, realised over£4O. You may guess what a surprise every-one experienced when the total was madepublic. We now have six cows milking;but the work connected with cows is notenviable, especially when so muoh mud isaround. Next week we are getting a new

hack, and I oan see glorious times ahead."What an interesting story A Girl of theLimberlost sent. It gives one an idea ofthe ways of other people. Kind regards toPostman Henry, A True Patriot, all L.F.,end correspondents, and yourself.—Yourstruly,

CANADALE LASS (Katea).i [One has to take into consideration thatthe natives in these places place an extremelyhigh price on their goods, and a love of

. bargaining is inherent in them.—DOT.]| Dear Dot,—One of our cowe died lastnight. I have one brother going to enlistnext month. My mother has just come homefrom ia trip. She brought me home' a bookcalled ■" The Great Cattle Trail," and I likeit very much. My oat got caught in arabbit trap. I was 12 years old on the Bth ofAugust. Best wishes to Black Sheep, ASoldier's Sweetheart, Gallipoli, and Jim, notforgetting yourself.—Yours truly,

SOLDIER BOY (Glenorchy).Dear Dof, —It was my birthday the other

day ■ and I had some good fun. Snowdropis staying up at our place for the night.She is going away from Otautau and I willmiss her very much as she is my playmate.It is our examination to-morrow, the 27thAugust, and I hope I will pass. There wasa concert in aid of the Red Cross Fund,but I didl not qo. There are pictures herenearly eveTy Friday, and I think they arevery good. I have a ca.nary and it singsail day. We have just had it about a week.We are sending some cakes to some soldiers.Love to all the L.F., not forgetting your-self. —Yours truly,

A SOLDIER NIECE (Otautau).i Dear Dot,—I am in Standard IV and am 11

' years old. I go to echool every morning,but I have not far lo go. I play with.Soldier's Niece at school and we have greatfun. At home I have a pet puppy whichI call "Ronie." There is an examinationto-morrow, and I hope I pass. There arepictures on to-morrow evening, and I thinkI will be going. Wo are going away onMonday. There are seven of us in thefamily. Love to all the D.L.F., not for-getting yourself.—Yours truly,

SNOWDROP (Otautau).Dear Dot,—l am 11 and) a-half years old

j and am in the Fifth Standard at school.! We live about half a mile from the school,but if we went round the road it would bemuch longer. At school we play basket-ball,and it is a very nice game. In the wetweather, a while ago, out of the 50 that goto our school, one day only three werethere. To-day it is drizzling rain all thetime, and the hills are all hidden with fog.We cannot go out at all, and it is notnice having to stay in the house all thetime. Love to all the D.L.F., includingyourself.—Yours truly,

j ERICA (Ahuriri Flat).1 Dear Dot,—I am eight years old and amin Standard I at school. One of my sistershas been writing for a long time. Thereare six girls and one boy in my class. Wehave a great many primroses out this year.We are expecting our spring holidays nextmonth, and hope it will be fine. I havethree dolls and am often playing with themthis wet weather. We have no lambs yet,but some people have one or two.—Yourstruly,

TWEEDLEDEE (Ahuriri Flat).[I am very pleased to have Erica and

you join us, dear.—DOT.]Dear Dot, —The spring flowers are out

in the garden now, and they are lovely.Margaret is learning music now, and sholikes it very much. The iambs are appearingnow, but it is not very nice weather forthem. With best love to all my comrades,and all the other L.F., not forgetting your-self.—Yours truly,

DORINIDA (Ryal Bush).Dear Dot,—We have been having bad

weather this last month, but it is lookingbetter to-day. We have a little cousinstaying with us for a short time. I haveseven cousins at the war, and one unclewho has been iaway ever since the first.Our teacher is leaving the school, and Jwonder what our new teacher will be like.

'1 sold 64 rabbit skins a few weeks agowhich I caught in the snow. I went outon our hill to-night and got 11 rabbits whichwere poisoned. All the turnips /"acre justabout finished in this district. Love toSportsman, Piper of the Clans, and all theL.F., not forgetting yourself.—Yours truly,

PUKEMAORI ROUSEABOUT(Pukernaori).

i Dear Dot,—I have been staying out atBrowns, and now I am at Matai. I wasplanting flowers this .afternoon, and theground was quite wet in most places. Iwas home yesterday. I go home once 0fortnight, and one always likes to get homeonce in a while. Father has bought me abicycle, but the roads are not in fit condi-tion to use it just now, although it will bevery handy in the fine weather. Love toOrlin, Petunia, Pickles, Picola, CaithnessLass, Ophelia, Queen of the Heather, andall the L.F., not forgetting yourself.—Yourstruly,

FIREFLY II (Matai).Dear Dot,—It is just pouring with rain

here to-day, but we can do with some rainnow to bring the grass on. According to theCousin's letters, they have all had theirshare of the enow. We have not had muchhere, only two or three inches, but it didnot lie on the ground more than two orthree hours. I am milking two cowe andhave two calve& to feed. I also do theseparating. We have the telephone on here,and when there is a wind blowing one canhardly hear oneself speak for the noise ofthe wires. I have no sisters but have awee step-brother just seven months old.With fondest love to Cousins, not forgettingyourself.—Yours truly,

SILVER SHIELD (Waimate).[There are some L.F. in Waimate, but it

is some time since I heard from them, andfor the moment I cannot recall their N.D.P.—DOT.]

Dear Dot,—I am still attending the Puke-uri School, but if I gain a proficiency certi-ficate at the inspector's examination, I hopeto go to the Waitaki Girls' High School.Orange Lily has left here and) I miss herjust now and she says she mieses me.She has term holidays at present and shewas at school to-day with me. We arehaving rainy weather lately which alwaysmakes everything miserable. There are alot of violets out in our gardens at school,but just now it is very muddy. I have abad cold at present. Orange Lily was goingto come and see me when I hurt my ankle,but she didn't arrive, as she was in bedhorseif for .a week after writing to you, andthe tables were turned. Love to OrangeLily, Black Pearl, Pink Clover, Woodbine,and all the L.F., not forgetting yourself.—Yours truly,

MISS BOBBIE (Pukeuri).[I hope you will be successful, dear, in

your examination.—DOT.]Dear Dot,—Since last writing, I have had

a- cousin killed in action. "We are milking28 cows now, and feeding 23 calves. Ofcourse we have the machines going again.

' The weather has been fairly good lately,

but this last day or two it hf« been verymiserable. There was a farewe'l last weekto one of our local men who was down onfinal leave. There is to bo a bi;J "WelcomeHome" to three of our returned men on the29th of this month, so I hope it is agood night. Kind regards and best wishesto A Lonely Lass, Given, Eileen, Sylvia,Ladly Noggs, A True Patriot, Martin Rattler,Postman Henry, and of course yourself..—Yours truly,

SILVERY MOONBEAM (Maheno).Dear Dot, —I have been away for three

weeks, and I enjoyed myself immensely.We have had almost a montli of spring now,and it has been like winter the whole time.Our lazy times will soon be over again asthe cows will soon bo coming in again. Wehave started to do up our garden and havesome early pototoes planted. Wo have notmany flowers out yet, only primroses andviolets. I was down seeing Truth Tellerlast Sunday, and we went for a long ramblethrough the Bush. She doeon't live very farfrom us, so we see her often. I am atpresent knitting a scarf for the Red Cross.It is my fourth one. We have a Red Crossbranch at the Island and there are a lotof workers. Kindest regards to all the L.F.,not forgetting yourself.—Yours trulv,

RIBBON GRASS.Dear Dot,—I have just finished my homo

work for school to-morrow morning. Allour bulbs are in bud just now, and I hopeto see them cut soon. All the hills aroundhere are snowcapped just now. We have hada bit of misty rain lately, and the creekshave risen a little more. We had our termexamination, and I came first. The otherweek the train got blocked with enow a footdeep and frost on the top of that, so ourmusic teacher could not come up to Mossburnto give us our music. Love to all theL.F. and your own self.—Yours truly,

SWEET BYE AND BYE (Mossburn).

AUTOS.Little 80-Peep (Ruby Clent, Otautau)

withes to correspond with Gwen, HummingBird, Liberty, Bluebell, Larola, A BrightonGirl, Reomama, Beaulah.

Ribbon Grass (W Tinnie Wards, MatauraIsland, Southland) wishes to correspond withany L.F. about 14.'

Kihneny of the Orchard (Dorothy Gaet,"Mavis Bank,"- Tuturau) wishes to corres-pond with any L.F. 15 or over.

Molly (Molly Mackenzie, West Plains)wishes to correspond! with A Girl of theLimberlost, Highland Peggy, Sir Rowland,Jilted John, Nurse Molly, Postman Bill,Marconi, and any L.F. over 15 years willing.

A Mother's Boy (E:. G. Ladbrook, oa-re ofMr R. Baird, Tussock Creek) wishes to notifycorrespondents of his change of address.

Golden Locket (Henrietta Bridginan, careof Mrs A. Christophers, 258 Tweed street,Invercargill) wishes to correspond with anyL.F. 18 or 19' years of age.

Barley Queen (Vula Soper, Athol) wishesto correspond with P.C. 49, American, andany L.F. willing.

Soldier Boy (Harold Knowles, Glenorchy)wishes to correspond with Black Sheep.

Mountain Lily (Elsie Clingin, Glenorchy)wishes to correspond with A Girl of theLimberlost, Billy Boy, Smiler, Cul de Sac,A.E.L.W., and any L.F. willing. ( N

Silvery Moonbeam (Violet M'Leod, ''BayView," Maheno) wishes to correspond withBunny and Roseleaf. ■

Bonette (Jean Henderson, Milford,via Temuka) wishes to correspond with DairyMaid and A Wild West Cowboy.

Woodland Whispers (Lucy Hallman, Brun-ner, West Coast) wishes to correspond withany L.F. about 15 years. ;

Elvira, (Mary Fletcher, Thornbury) washesto correspond with Gwen, Clementine, Moun-tain Daisy, and Queen Sunbeam.

PATER'S CHATS WITH THEBOYS.

WAR A PRUSSIAN PAYINGINDUSTRY.

"Hang together or hang separately,''said Benjamin Franklin when the Ameri-can patriots had signed the Declaration ofIndependence; and the same applies to theAllies, who must hang together and de-feat Kaiserism, or hang separately ifKaiserism is triumphant. Not only mustwe defeat Kaiserism, but it must be purgedfrom the Prussian military system. Weknow that, as far as we can see, the CrownPrince will succeed his father, andMr Gerard says of him, after referring tohis more than ordinary ability :

" There isonly one defect in the character of theCrown Prince, and that is his fondness forwar, his regard for war not as a horror,but as a necessity, an honourable and de-sirable state" ; again, "The one darkshadow in the background is the CrownPrince's real love for war"; and furtheron in the same chapter he writes: "Shouldthe German people fail to take unto them-selves the war-making power, _ they willbefore long be decimated again for theamusement of the 'Crown Prince, or, as heputs it, 'for his fun.' " All this and morehe writes to back up his statements againstdespotic monarchs in such sentences asthese: "Absolute monarchs and Emperorsand 'Crown Princes and their attendantnobles—all spell war. They are the pro-ducts of war, and they can only continueto rule if the desire for war animates thepeople." .

I told you some weeks ago that a friendof mine travelling in Germany a few yearsbefore the war asked a Prussian lady ifsomething could not be done to lessenarmaments and militarism, and was metwith the unexpected reply, " But whatwould our men do, then?" That, uncon-sciouslv, is the keynote of Prussianism'.

In 1864—1 think that was the year; Ihave not a reference book by me as Iwrite—war was declared against Denmark,and Schleswig-Holstein was filched fromher; so that war paid in territory besidesof its value strategically, for it was wortha high purchase for the Kiel Canal, whichunited the Baltic and North Sea fleets inwar time, just as the Panama Canal isof stategical as well as of commercial valuein linking up the Atlantic and Pacific bythe canaf route instead of having to takethe long route via Cape Horn.

The eeven weeks' war with Austria in1866 was also of great value, because itpaved the way for the next war, and atthe same time" squashed the South GermanFederation, and left the North GermanFederation to consolidate and gather power.By the bye, it isn't generally known tothe present generation that in that war

Saxony, Bavaria, and Wurfcemburg sidedwith Austria, so were involved in thedisastrous defeat. Saxony had to pay anindemnity of 10,000.000 thalers (about£1,500,000) and Wurtemburg 8.000,000gulden (about £700,000). The war wasshort, inexpensive, and decisive, largelybecause of the improved needle gun, butmainly because of the statesmanship ofBismarck, and the strategical genius of voaMolke.

There came the' Franco-Prussian war in1870-1, which was also short and decisive,for it ended in an indemnity of£2oo,ooo,ooo—enormous in those days, buta sum only double the debt we have in-curred during the present war, though weare only a million against 35,000,000 theiiin France. But there were also the beautkfill provinces of Alsace and Lorraine, fer-tile on the surface, and having incalcu-lable wealth below. Indeed, had it notbeen for the coal and iron fields of Alsaceand Lorraine, and what has been stolenfrom the coal and iron fields of Belgiumand Northern France, Germany wouldhave absolutely collapsed in three months,I gave a Ghat or two upon the coal andiron fields some time ago, and if readerswould like to read further upon this, Irecommend them to beg, buy, or borrow" The War of Steel and Gold."

Well, these three wars paid Germanypurely from a commercial point of view,and so the German Empire, dominated byPrussia, which constitutes about the halfof it, has made war a paying proposition.I should have reminded my readers thatthe Franco-German war cost Germanyabout £70,000,000, so the money gain wa¥£130,000,000.

But what about the present war? Itwas intended that it should pay its way,too. Has it so far?

By the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Prussiagot control of the Baltic provinces, andhave since practically annexed Finland t

then there is Russian Poland. And whatabout TJkrania? Here we have over 500,000square miles, about five New Zealands,carrying about 50,000,000 of people,roughly about 50 times our population.And what about Rumania, Serbia, Monte*-,negro, Belgium, and the north of France?" The Germans can swagger down thestreets of the capitals of his enemies inBrussels, Belgrade, Bucharest, Warsaw,and Cetinge,-and Prussian greed exactstribute from rich cities, from Lille on thewest to Wilna far within the borders ofRussia." Elsewhere Mr Gerard tells of the60,000,000 francs levied monthly on Bel-gium, or about £2,375,000 a month I Andwhat I have mentioned do not take intoaccount the organised ■ system of plunderthat has enriched Germany.

But that is not all. The Bolshevistsagreed to pay an indemnity of£300,000,000! At any rate, so says RobertBlatchford. This is how he sums up theRussian position: "The policy of no an-nexations, no indemnities, and no eco-nomic war has resulted in the enslavementof a Russian population greater than thepopulation of the British Islands, in theinfliction of an indemnity greater thanthat paid b v France in 1871, in the an-nexationof Russian territories larger thanthe whole of Austria and Germany com-bined, and in an economic subjectionwhich will bleed Russia white, and makeit impossible for her ever to cast off theyoke of her greedy and brutal enemy.-And there is to be no Russian democraticpropaganda, Russia is not only to be de-nied democracy; she is not even to beallowed to talk about it.' _

Are we not justified in saying, War is

Prussia's industry," and that in wagingwar Prussia is trampling underfoot demo-cracies that have been working for freerdom for centuries?

A NOTE FOR PACIFISTS.The following is not from Mr Gerard's

book, but from Blatchford, and with itI'll close: "If our democrats want to'discuss the policy of no annexation, noindemnities, and no economic war with theGermans, they had better discuss it withthose Germans who have power to carrytheir war aims into effect. The sameGermans, who talked and dealt with Com-rades Trotsky and Lenin. Why trouble

poor Comrades Fritz and Hans for an ex-pression of a merely pious opinion/ Aathe German Socialist papers point out,the disastrous blunders of the RussianBolshevists have ruined the poor, anremioGerman hope of a German democracy.The absolute and irredeemable rum of trieRussian Revolution has frightened the tefGerman revolutionary democrats into their

funk-holes, and has Hindenburg andthe Kaiser more firmly than ever into theirsaddles. If there Was any hope at all ol

a German democracy, that hope has beenutterly blasted by Comrades Lenin and

"Meanwhile the anti-democratic facts-the German facts—remain as solid as theeverlasting hills. No words or wishes canremove them. No inverted reasoning canchange them. Germany—not poor Fritaand poor Hans, but. Germany—is out forworld-power ov downfall. _ The Germannation willingly and knowingly submittedto iron discipline, endured grinding drill,made enormous sacrifices for four decadesof years with the object of foreign con-quest The German nation went to warto achieve that object. The German peoplehave fought and bled and suffered andpaid to achieve that conquest. Is it likelythat after all they have done and givenand endured they are.going to be arguedor persuaded out of their spoils and theirreward by a handful of persons who reasonbackwards and ' ought not to be allowedabout'?

"Germany has fought for the plunder.She meant to fight for it. She is preparedto go on fighting for it. She recognises

no argument but the stern argument ofdefeat° She abides by the decision of thesword. Otherwise she need not have drawnthe sword. The spectacle of a party oftalkative Allied Labour leaders hob-nob-bing round a table with Comrades Fritaand" Hans -will interest the Men of Bloodand Iron, but it will only wet their par.pose. The more her enemies babble ofpeace the better will Germany be pleased."

September 4, 1918. OTAGC WITNESS. 57

SHORT STORIES.[All Eights Reserved.]

THE LAST CALL.By Mollis Kennedy.

"Poor little devil 1"The lean-faced man sitting in the

author's box muttered the words underhis breath, watching the feverish effortsof the second lead as she strove to fightagainst the hoarseness that threatened to.swamp her voice. She had been bright-eyed and feverish at rehearsal, and, inspite of his own anxiety about the play,he had watched her with an odd ache atheart. She was such a little thing, andher mouth had such a pitiful curve whenher face was in repose. Now, with thisantagonistic feeling in pit and gallery,the stoical calm in the stalls, this know-ledge that the play was doomed, he ad-mired her for her pluck. Every now andthen he knew that she made a pitifullybrave effort to save the play if it werepossible, for though playing second lead,hers was a part that told strongly inthis second act.

The critical first-night audience were- fidgety and puzzled. Not only did the

play miss fire, but they were coldly won-dering what on earth it all meant. Wasit intended to be clever? Was it a satireor a joke? None of the critics weresure, and raised their eyebrows as theyshrugged their shoulders, leaned back, andsmiled at each other.. The first act hadbeen received in silence, but with thesecond acfTthe audience began to fidget,and then Andrew Eansome knew his playwas' doomed. Even a cat-call, he toldhimself, was better than a cough, andcold fury more to be desired than thisstudied indifference.

At the end of the act the flyman missedhis cue, and the curtain refused to act.

' He wondered if the audience would hiss.Instead they sniggered, glad of the relief.In his heart he cursed them for blindlunatics and worse, then, staring full atthe stage, he shuddered a little as hesaw the crude grease-paint on the facesthere, and the forced smiles of the actorsas they stood stupidly waiting for. thefall of the curtain that should releasethem from the white wall of shirt-frontswith the grinning faces above.

"Oh, lord 1" he,muttered to the friendbeside him, "let's get out and get adrink."

Then he looked stagewards again. Thecurtain was slowly descending, but hecaught sight of the second lady's face.She was looking toward him, but he sawtears in her eyes.

' "Poor little devil!" he said again, thenhe stumbled out after his friend, whoturned to greet him with quizzical eyes.

Andrew Eansome groaned."What do they want?" he burst out.

- "This beastly British public. When theyare not swilling down pig-wash they wantilluminated texts. Give them a work ofart, and they j. .agger. Give them aphotograph of their own beastly littlelives, and they call it ~veat; put on amagnified edition of their own little ricesand they will whisper and pretend tob© shocked, but secretly wish the leadshad been a trifle stronger; but call tothem to come out to look at beauty, real

- beauty, and they think you mad. Theyhang their minds like they do theirhomes, with chromos and family portraits,and badly-tinted photographs, instead ofthe real thing."

"Wait a bit, old chap," said his friandsoothingly. "They may like the thirdact."

The author laughed almost boisterously."The third act," he cried. "Oh, lord 1

They'll never stand it. No, the play isdamned.''

The foyer was crowded, and one or twoof the little groups turned to look afterthem in covert fashion as they saunteredtk-ough. A few young men, minorcritics, wearing a very important air,stared hard, and Eansome heard one ofthese sandy-haired, ferret-eyed youths,whom he had certainly never seen before,describe him as "old Eansome, nice chap,very, but deucedly clever."

'\Kot!" Ransome heard another mansay at his elbow. "Is it a farce ortragedy? I'm blessed if I know."

"It's rubbish, whatever it i3," rejoinedthe other. "I can't see a shred of mean-ing. One might stand all that disgust-ing second act if there was sensf behindit. 9'

"It's not life," drawled the other, aman with a fat jaw and bulging eyes.

"Life!" muttered Eansome, as theywent. "I wonder what you know of life,little pig?"

"I've heard the author can't write aword except when he's drugged himselfwith chloral," piped in a reedy youthwith an eyeglass, his only claim to distinc-tion.

"Oh, yes, I know Andrew Ransomequite we'll," cried a loud feminine voicein the gangway. "He's a terrible person.Drinks awfully, I believe. His wifewon't live with him."

His jaw dropped. in sheer astonishmentas the two stood aside for her to pass.Not only was he unmarried, but he didnot know the lady. A broad expanse ofbare shoulders, a tousled Liberty gown,and something glittering in her hair, shelooked like a lady journalist come to"do" the frocks. Perhaps that accountedfor her venom, for there were no frocksto "do."

Smiling a little bitterly, the author andhis friend took their seats in the box justas the curtain rose on the third act.

But the author was right—the playwas damned. The beauty of the lines wasmissed, and Andrew Eansome shrankback in his seat, feeling raw and angry.He had ceased to feel hurt now. Thesepig-headed fools, how could they miss thefinest phrases like this? How could theymistake drama for indecency? The lead-ing and second lady struggled hard, bothbeing artistes, and both realising the

wonder of the thing. Could they not getat them? Again Andrew Eansome leanedforward, his Keen eyes thanking thesetwo. That little bit of a girl, how shefought with the stoical indifference. Shehurled her lines like fire i.pon them. Yetthey were not roused. As the emotionalcrisis of the act approached, she raisedher eyes for one instant to his box, rndthe man knew she wanted to tell him sheunderstood.

"Bless her 1" he muttered. "She's gotpluck."

Then, at her finest moment, just as sheseemed to be getting the attention of thestalls, Fate, the stage manager, intervened.Her voice, which had been threatenedall day, grew hoarse and thick; there wasa murmur from pit and gallery, then theyshouted as the tones sank in a whisper," Speak up."

She flung him one despairing glance, andwhistles suddenly began in the gallery,whilst, there were one or two hisses fromthe stalls.

"Poor little devil 1" said Eansome; butthere were tears in eyes.

The booing continued, the cat-calls-grewmore frequent, people fn the stalls rose andleft the theatre, and the "players stoodirresolute on the stage waiting for thenoise to subside. It did not; instead itgrew rapidly worse, and Eansome laughedharshly as the curtain descended. He be-lieved in the beauty of the thing he hadgiven the British public. The yelling mobdisgusted him, but he did not care. Heknew his work was right.

" Come' on," he said, but, turning, hefound his friend was gone, and for aminute wondered. Then he guessed.

"Poor old Jim!" he said. "Thoughthe'd funk it. Ah, well!"

The orchestra struck up "God save theKing," and the uproar ceased; but themen who played grinned up at him. Theyknew he was there, and for a momentEansome laughed almost hysterically. Didthey, too, pity him? Did they, too, thinkhim a fool? Well, he knew. . Then, re-membering little Miss Hudson's eyes, herealised that someone else understood; butall at once he wondered what this wouldmean to her. The loss of a job just nowat the dull season, how much or how littledid it matter? He shrugged his shoul-ders. After all, need he care?

Up the draughty, zig-zag stairs leadingto the dressing rooms he climbed, buthalf-way he met her dresser.

" Mr Ransome, sir," the woman panted." I've a note for you. I was just comingto find you."

He tore it open."Wait for me," it read. "I must speak

to you."She did not keep him waiting long, but

when she came her voice could only uttera whisper. She was tiny and very thin,an insignificant little wmoan in the eyesof the world off the stage, but Eansome,who had seen her playing in comedy, wasstruck by her look of hidden vitality,and knew she was the very woman forthe part he had written. Not lead, butquite as important as lead. She wouldhave played the part, too, but Fate inter-vened.

Now she looked wasted by the ardourof her acting more than in a state ofill-health; but when she smiled up intohis face Andrew Eansome felt an odd thrillrun over him. Such eyesl And he hadnever noticed before what a wonderfulsmile she had. It may have been thathis rasped nerves badly needed soothing,and that the knowledge of her sympathy,all unspoken, as sympathy should be,worked the miracle, but all at once hefelt strangely uplifted, buoyant, and him-self again, with all his beautiful beliefsrestored.

" Come round to my flat," she whis-pered. " I meant to ask you this after-noon. There are one or two people whowant to ■"

The words stuck in her throat. He"coloured, and then laughed.

"Congratulate me, he concluded." Why? For being a rotten failure?"

Her eyes met his steadily."It was a success," she breathed. "If

they had applauded I should have knownthe thing was wrong. As it is "

She stopped, and he suddenly realisedthe strange beauty of her tired eyes. Herthin face seemed now lit up and full oflife.

" Lena Cross wants to meet you," shesaid, and dimly Eansome began to re-member having heard Lena Cross talkedabout as a coming actress ten or a dozenyears ago>. Now one never heard of her,and he wondered why.

The little drawing room at the 'flatseemed full of people when they got there,and, to his surprise, Eansome noted amongthe guests a tall, lean-faced man wearingthe garb of a Catholic priest. There wasa bearded man in a knickerboeker suit,and Eansome found himself nervouslywondering whether he were a professionalwho had come direct from doing his turnat the halls, or a Nature student on awalking tour. The third man he knewslightly, a man who had had a weirdshow of pictures at one of the galleries,and the woman at his side he recognisedas one of the most thoughtful writers ofthe day.

"Why am I here?" he asked himselfagain and again, for nobody took theslightest notice of him. They nodded asthough they knew him, then went ontalking; but there was an air about eachof listening, as though they expected some-one, and, mentioning this to his hostess,she smiled.

"Lena Cross," she whispered; then thedoor opened again, and a woman camein. Afterwards, when he came to remem-ber, he told himself there should havebeen music. They should have applauded.That was how she came in.

But by and by, talking to her, he won-dered where this woman had remained hid-den. Her voice, her wonderful charm ofmanner, her emotion, quick to tears, allthe making of the emotional actress—whywas she not play ills'?

He asked her the question, and sheflashed one glance at him."I waited for you," she said. "But

if they had applauded to-night—yes, I wasthere: we "were all there—I Avould neverhave spoken to you."

" But ," he began, but she wavedhim aside.

"No," she said. "Wait. You shallwrite, and I will play for you. We know,we two."

He looked across the room, and foundMiss Hudson looking towards them wist-fully, then remembered how she hadworked for him that night.

" I say," he cried boyishly, "I believeI see. Miss Hudson now, she can act,I believe "

%

But he kept his thoughts to himself.

11.The theatre was crowded. The .great

sea of faces turned expectantly towardsthe stage, and one or two"bolder spiritscried out "Author." The curtain camedown, the lights went up, and AndrewRansome leaned back in his box with acynical smile. • It was the same theatre,the same box, and the same man sat be-side him who two years ago had hurriedaway lest he should hurt his feelings bystaying to condole with him on a failure.

"Bit different, eh, old man?" he cried,thrusting his arm through his. "You'vegot there at last."

But Andrew Ransome still smiled, thatslow, inscrutable smile, and said nothing.

"Author! Author!" shouted the house,growing frantic. Women levelled theirglasses around, but he made no sign.

"You'll have to show yourself," whis-pered the other man.

Still Ransome said nothing. His mindwas busy, very busy, and all at once hebegan to realise the truth, the truth thathad bothered him through these months.It had come upon him with a flash watch-ing the two women on the stage to-night, the two women who had stood hisfriends all through, for whom he hadwritten the parts that made 'his play,but whose marvellous emotional actingand keen grip of every telling phrase hadroused the audience to fever heat.

He was in love with both women.The next moment he told himself such

a thing could not be.He turned and faced his friend, as-

tonishing him by the query."I say, Macklin," he cried, "do you

think a man can love two women atonce." />'

The other man' laughed."The deuce!" he exclaimed. "What

on earth do you mean. Do you knowwhat you're talking about ? Listen,they're yelling- for you."

"Let them yell," he retorted. "Tellme what you think."

"Is it a new plot?" he asked laugh-

He shook his head. ,

"No, no," he cried. "I'm serious.What do you think? Could I—could youlove two women at the same time?"

Macklin put out his arms."A dozen of 'em, the darlings," he said,

and the other man turned impatientlyaway. There was nothing to be got fromhim.

The manager came in front of the cur-tain; he looked at the house with beam-ing eyes and a chuckle. He, too, remem-bered a different scene in that sametheatre two years ago.

"Silly fools!" he cried; "oh, you sillyfools!" But through the clamour noneheard. Instead they smiled fatuously,and applauded the more.

"Pigs!" cried the manager, who, too,was an artist, and knew the differencebetween a work of art and a play thatpleased- the public.

They thought he was appealing forsilence, and the noise subsided. Hestroked his beard th&ughtfully, as thoughhe were choosing a menu, then made abrief speech. The author, he said, wouldhave responded to their call, but,, un-fortunately, just before the close of theplay an urgent message had reached himfrom home, and he had been obliged toleave the theatre. A few flattering words,then, instead of beginning "God save theKing," the orchestra started to play"He's a Jolly good fellow," and the greataudience joined in, and gallery jubi-lant, even the stalls excited. It was likeLondon on Boat Race night. And stillAndrew Ransom© %smiled.

The two men passed through an ante-room heaped with properties, thence onto the stage, where the hands were busyshifting the scenery and talking of theplay.

"Bound to run," they heard. "Oh,it'll go for a year, you'll see."

"Bit o' hot stuff anyhow, ain't it?"cried another, dodging a screen.

"Hot stuff's what the public wants,"cried another, and the man who hadsworn to keep his hands off the needs ofthe British public squirmed as he listened.Then up the zig-zag stairs, where twoyears ago he had, met Margaret Hudson'sdresser with the little note that alteredhis destiny, the two men climbed, neitherspeaking a word. Half-way up the samescene repeated itself. Fate sometimeslikes best to rehearse the crucial scenes.It is the only half-way folk who tell youthat the tricks Fate ' plays us are unre-hearsed. ,

"Oh, Mr Ransome, sir, cried thedresser. "Miss Hudson is dying."

"What?" gasped both' men, and Ran-some bounded up three steps at a time,thrusting past the stage whowould have stayed to compliment him onthe play, past loitering actors, and on tothe dressing room shared now by Mar-garet Hudson and Lena Cross, shared bythe two women he loved.

Two girls, half-dressed, stood sobbingat' the door, and even at that moment heremembered thinking how fine and silkywas the hair of the one and how coarsethe tresses of the other.

The little room, with its dingy wallsand rather tawdry hangings, suddenlyseemed full of mystery, and an almostsacred hush prevailed. On the floor, sup-ported in the arms of her friend, layMargaret Hudson, her little pinched facewan and death-like, her mouth twistedas though in pain, a long white wrappertrailing over the faded carpet, her tiny

hands twisted as though she were tryingto keep back a cry.

She did not open her eyes, but theother woman raised a piteous face to his.In that glance Andrew Ransome under-stood she knew the truth. Lena Crossknew that he loved her. She knew, too,he loved the other woman who lay in herarms. A bold entreaty entered her eyes;she signalled with her lips, and he kneltbaside the little form.

Again Lena Cross tried to speak, but nowords came. Her eyes seemed to readinto his very soul. He found himselfasking how long she could have known.Did Margaret know too?

"Yes, she's unconscious, sir," thedresser was saying. "Yes, the doctor willbe here directly. It's her heart. Theexcitement of to-night. I've alwaysknown it 'ud be too much for her oneo' these days. But she would do it. Set,her heart was, on this play, though no-thing like she was over another two yearsago. You remember, sir. They booed.Maybe, though, you weren't there. Poorlittle soul, I remember how she cried.The only time as I ever heard her sweartoo. She did swear then, and no mis-take ; cursed the folk out yonder properly,she did. It was excitement, though, forshe was the purest little soul as everbreathed."

Already—Ransome shuddered—alreadyshe spoke of her in the past tense. Herealised at last what Lena was trying totell him. It was too late to do anything,save tell her he loved her. Was thatit? She nodded as though she read histhoughts.

"She's coming round," sighed thedresser, bending over her. "Bless her!"and the poor little woman blubbered.

The sad eyes opened, saw Ransome, andshe put up little fluttering hands. Hecaught and held them to him. God!how cold they were! But she smiled,and a look of ineffable, content crept overthe grey face." Oh, my love, my love!" he cried,

knowing that the other woman promptedhim, knowing at last which woman lieloved. "My love, my littje love!"

Lena Cross felt her heart .shiver; butshe was merciless to herself. Only halfan hour ago she had told this woman wholay there that Ransome would never beanything to her. What was she, little,faded, insignificant creature, beside her,Lena Cross, the woman he loved?

That he loved them both Lena Crossknew; but she knew better than all elsewhat would win him. Oh, had she onlyheld her tongue! Had she only known!Fiercely she battled with herself now, andwon. She would be generous. She thrusther thoughts upon him, knowing it wasnot he who spoke, but she. ■ She knew,too, with sudden intuition, that he knewas well. Stripped bare, in the presenceof the great mystery of all, the littleenigmas of life were pitifully commonplace,and she bent lower, so that she mightmeet her friend's eyes.

" I was wrong, my darling," she cried."It was you he loved all the time. Hewas going to ask you to marry him to-night."

Q.uestioningly her eyes sought his, and,obeying the prompter, he bent till his lipsmet hers.

"Margaret, little love," he cried ten-

It was no lie. He loved her knowinghe was losing her; but Lena Cross spokeagain.

"Tell her what you told me," she said."Tell her you never loved me, that she isthe one and only woman in all the worldto you, that she is the woman you meantto ask to be your wife."

She smiled into his eyes." I love you, Margaret," he cried. "It

was all a mistake. I did not love Lena.She was wrong. You are the one andonly woman in all the,world to me, _thewoman I was going to ask to be my wife."

"Kiss me again," she sighed. "I'll goto sleep now, and when I wake up againwe will all be happy again. I'm so tirednow". I—l'm sorry I was cross, Lena.Kiss me, Andrew.'

He bent and kissed her, keeping hisface close to hers." She is asleep," he said softly, looking

up at Lena Cross, and lifting his heada few minutes later. ■

But looking on her peaceful face, bothunderstood, and he kissed her cold lipsagain, whilst the woman who loved him,the woman whom he loved, turned awayweeping bitterly.

Fate, the stage manager, had againintervened.

But this time it was not a rehearsal. Itwas the final scene.

PERSONAL NOTES.—An awful confession was made on the

Bench the other day by Mr Justice Eve."I have no ear for poetry and less formusic," he said, in the course of a caseabout a well-known song. His lordshipmay not be a judge of melody, but he canjudge a sheep or a "beast," being a prac-tical farmer, and owning nearly 6000 acresin "glorious Devon."

Lord Gerard is the latest addition tothe long list of peers and big land-ownersselling part of their estates. He is in-ducing his Eastwell Park estate near Ash-ford by between 2000 and 3000 acres. East-well, where the heroic Queen of Rumaniapassed many happy days in girlhood, .isassociated with a strange story of the past.Thither after Bosworth Field fled a sonof Richard 111, and worked on the estateas a bricklayer for years until his death.

Sir Abe Bailey, South Africa's richestmillionaire, sportsman, and politician, anda eon-in-law of Lord and Lady Rossmore,has, despite his 53 years, offered his ser-vices to the War Office—".Flanders pre-ferred." His offer has been accepted-more power to his elbow! Sir Abe laidthe foundation of his fortune when ho be-came prominent as one of "Rhodes's youngmen." He figured in the Jameson Raid,and when Lord Hawke and his Englishcricket team arrived in Gold Reef Citythey found Sir Abe, who was to have beentheir host, in. prison. Ultimately he wasreleased on payment of a fine of £2OOO.

-There was genuine pathos in Mr Will.Thome's confession in tha House recentlythat he never had time to go to school.The late Mr William Pcrrott, M.P. for theAormanton Division (says a writer in theDaily Chronicle), told a similar story. Nota member of his family knew so much asthe alphabet. He triod self-help as a lad,but with the pit syren sounding at 6 horound his task impossible. When he grewto manhood he was ashamed to go toschool, so he and a dozen like him eachpaid the village schoolmaster 6d weekly togive them private lessons.

Queen Marie of Rumania has declaredshe would rather abdicate than submit toGerman rule. That is the spirit one wouldnaturally expect to find in a granddaughterof Queen Victoria, for Queen Marie is oneof the four handsome daughters of the lateDuke of' Edinburgh. Probably no otherRoyalty has exposed herself to so manydangers as Queen Marie. . While Rumaniawas at war she devoted herself to the hos-pitals for contagious diseases, braving therisk of infection, and often comforting thosick under fire from enemy aeroplanes.

—Dr Jane Walker is one of the foremostwomen physicians, in England, and a greatpioneer in the treatment of tuberculosis.Born at Dewsbury, in Yorkshire, in 1859,she chose to enter the profession of medi-cine, when to do so involved a. completedefiance of convention, and took her M.D:degree in Brussels at a time when noBritish university would have bestowed iton a woman. Almost from the commence-ment she has specialised in the ailmentsof women and children, but her experiencesin slumdom and in hospital turned her at-tention to the terrible ravages of tuber-culosis, and she became a specialist in thatdirection also, being very early convincedof the value of fresh-air treatment. Herinstitution opened in 1892, was the first ofits kind in England. A children's sana-torium, opened a few years ago, has alsobeen a great success.

One does not expect a love of music tobo the stepping-stone to the career of awar correspondent, yet such was the casewith Mr Basil Clarke, who has lately pub-lished his experiences under the title of"My Round of tho War." Educated atManchester Grammar- School and at Ox-ford, he had ambitions.'towards a musicalcareer, but circumstances made him a bankclerk until tho "wanderlust" became toostrong for him, and he set off to travelthrough Germany and Austria, earning hisliving by teaching athletics- and playingin theatre orchestras and cafes. Later aneditor asked him to write a casual articleon music. This turned his attention tojournalism. He became special correspon-dent for the Manchester Guardian, andafterwards for the Daily Mail. In thiscapacity he at one time investigated emi-grant conditions in Canada and the UnitedStates, working his way through thesecountries as a labourer. When the warcame he went off to Flanders for the DailyMail, and managed to see and write homeabout a good many interesting things be-fore he was sent back, sharing with aTimes correspondent the ofbeing the last of the "unofficial" war cor-respondents to leave France. Since thenhe has been back again at the front as anaccredited correspondent, and has travelledmuch in the Balkans, besides investigatingblockade ' conditions in the Scandinaviancountries.

FOCH'S PRIVATE LIFEIn an intimate character sketch of General

Foeh, -which M. Rene Barjean contributesto the Journal, the interesting statementjs made that the name of the generalissimois of Celtio origin, "Foex," which means"fire," and that he has the blue eyes ofthe Celt.

,...

~ , , . ~

Fooh before the war divided his timebetween his family and) reading and sport.His favourite reading is history. He lovesthe works of the old French composers,has a passion for antique furniture, and isparticularly fond of trees. .

His tastes are simple. He eats sparingly,drinks wine and coffee, but no spirits, andsmokes small cigars. He finds it necessaryto light every cigar five or six times,and keeps an electric lighter in his motor

The generalissimo's favourite recreation ishorse exercise. He is particularly attachedto a thoroughbred which he bought a yearbefore the war, and which is with himwherever he goes. •

Usually he spends his holidays at a littleseaside place in Finisterre. There he likesto talk to the young men, who have greataffection for him.

SYMPTOMS OF KIDNEYTROUBLE.

ARE YOU In danger throughIGNORANCE ?

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They are caused by the poisonous acid inthe blood which the kidneys should rempve,but they do not owing, to their being in aweak state. Do Witt's Kidney and BladderPills quickly remove these symptoms. Donot be put off, because weak kidneys veryoften mean Bright's disease in the end.

Every reader of this paper who suffersfrom backache, rheumatism, stone, gravel,lumbago, gout, or any other form of kid-ney or bladder trouble should give thistried and proved remedy a fair trial with-out loss of time. Every chemist and store-keeper sells De Witt's Kidney and BladderPills at 3s per box, or 5s &d for one twoand a-half times as large—a great save.But you must be sure you get " De Witt's"in blue and gold boxes, with special blueseal on the cork inside.

If you have anjr difficulty in obtaininggenuine Do Witt's Kidney and BladderPills, send the pries of the package toany chemist or E. C. De Witt and Co.(Ltd.), 89 Custom House quay, Wellington,and the same will be sent to you immedi-ately in plain wrapper.

58 OTAGO WITNESS September 4, 1918.

The other day Teddy's father wantedto give him a doee of castor oil concealedin raspberry jam. But the boy refused thedelicious-looking spoonful suspioioualy.-"Why,'\said his father, "have you takensuch a, sudden disilike to your favouritejam?" "Because it's mined 1" answeredTeddy.